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power_n authority_n bishop_n presbyter_n 4,112 5 10.2023 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A51155 An enquiry into the new opinions, chiefly propagated by the Presbyterians of Scotland together with some animadversions on a late book, entitled, A defence of The vindication of the kirk : in a letter to a friend at Edinburgh / by A.M., D.D. Monro, Alexander, d. 1715? 1696 (1696) Wing M2439; ESTC R7 25,403 65

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very_o solid_a and_o demonstrative_a to_o this_o purpose_n they_o cite_v act._n 20._o 17._o 28._o philip._n 1.1_o 1_o tim._n 3._o and_o several_a other_o place_n whether_o a_o bishop_n be_v of_o a_o high_a order_n than_o a_o presbyter_n do_v not_o now_o fall_v under_o our_o enquiry_n nor_o be_v it_o in_o itself_o very_o material_a sometime_o they_o may_v be_v consider_v of_o the_o same_o order_n with_o regard_n to_o the_o priesthood_n common_a to_o either_o by_o which_o both_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o other_o subordinate_a officer_n of_o the_o church_n though_o at_o other_o time_n when_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v name_v the_o bishop_n with_o regard_n to_o his_o dignity_n and_o power_n be_v always_o reckon_v above_o a_o presbyter_n here_o we_o be_v careful_o to_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o inspire_a writer_n dichotomize_v the_o clergy_n into_o two_o order_n they_o but_o follow_v the_o dialect_n and_o example_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o thus_o divide_v their_o minister_n also_o into_o priest_n and_o levite_n though_o the_o high_a order_n be_v again_o subdivide_v both_o by_o the_o jew_n and_o the_o christian_n when_o the_o priest_n be_v consider_v with_o regard_n to_o that_o subordination_n establish_v among_o themselves_o and_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n this_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o language_n of_o the_o ancient_a jew_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o idiom_n of_o the_o hellenistical_a tribe_n of_o the_o apostolical_a age_n the_o first_o confound_v the_o name_n of_o the_o high_a priest_n with_o that_o of_o a_o priest_n without_o any_o other_o distinguish_v charcteristic_a or_o discrimination_n for_o proof_n of_o this_o see_v levit._fw-la 1._o 7_o 8._o 11._o and_o the_o son_n of_o aaron_n the_o priest_n shall_v put_v fire_n upon_o the_o altar_n and_o lay_v the_o wood_n in_o order_n upon_o the_o fire_n v_o 8._o and_o the_o priest_n aaron_n son_n shall_v lay_v the_o part_n the_o head_n and_o the_o fat_a in_o order_n upon_o the_o wood_n that_o be_v on_o the_o fire_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o altar_n here_o we_o plain_o find_v that_o in_o the_o first_o establishment_n of_o the_o mosaic_a oeconomy_n in_o which_o the_o patriarchal_a subordination_n of_o priest_n be_v still_o retain_v the_o high_a priest_n be_v name_v by_o the_o same_o appellative_a without_o any_o distinction_n of_o order_n or_o jurisdiction_n that_o the_o other_o priest_n be_v name_v by_o and_o the_o title_n of_o a_o priest_n be_v promisevous_o apply_v without_o any_o distinction_n or_o mark_n of_o eminence_n to_o the_o high_a priest_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o subordinate_a yet_o it_o be_v never_o question_v but_o that_o there_o be_v extraordinary_a privilege_n and_o dignity_n reserve_v to_o the_o high_a priest_n among_o the_o jew_n though_o thus_o place_v among_o the_o other_o priest_n without_o any_o nominal_a distinction_n nor_o do_v we_o find_v the_o title_n of_o high_a priest_n ever_o affix_v to_o the_o particular_a name_n of_o aaron_n or_o eleazar_n in_o all_o the_o pentateuch_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n highpriest_n itself_o mention_v in_o the_o book_n of_o moses_n but_o either_o twice_o or_o thrice_o and_o that_o only_a with_o regard_n to_o the_o administration_n of_o after_o day_n yet_o this_o homonomy_n of_o name_n can_v not_o be_v reasonable_o plead_v then_o against_o the_o subordination_n of_o other_o priest_n to_o aaron_n nor_o against_o the_o deference_n due_a to_o his_o pontifical_a character_n be_v it_o then_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o the_o apostle_n or_o apostolical_a man_n when_o they_o occasional_o mention_v the_o presbyter_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n may_v not_o make_v use_n of_o the_o currant_n language_n and_o pharaseology_n of_o their_o own_o countryman_n who_o divide_v their_o clergy_n into_o priest_n and_o levite_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o more_o but_o two_o order_n even_o when_o the_o mean_a of_o the_o jew_n know_v that_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o high_a priest_n be_v very_o honourable_a and_o distinguish_v from_o all_o subordinate_a priest_n by_o all_o mark_n of_o eminence_n and_o authority_n it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o the_o hagiographical_a and_o prophetical_a write_n the_o high_a priest_n be_v very_o frequent_o distinguish_v by_o his_o proper_a and_o special_a character_n yet_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o jewish_a oeconomy_n neither_o aaron_n nor_o eleazar_n be_v call_v high-priest_n when_o they_o be_v particular_o name_v and_o if_o in_o those_o day_n any_o have_v be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o have_v infer_v from_o this_o confusio_fw-la nominum_fw-la a_o equality_n between_o all_o priest_n he_o will_v certain_o have_v be_v expose_v for_o the_o office_n themselves_o be_v sufficient_o distinguish_v by_o those_o special_a ministries_n and_o jurisdiction_n that_o be_v peculiar_o appropriate_v to_o the_o one_o and_o deny_v to_o the_o other_o such_o as_o be_v visible_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o mean_a among_o the_o jew_n we_o do_v not_o at_o all_o deny_v but_o that_o bishop_n may_v be_v call_v presbyter_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o just_o so_o too_o though_o they_o have_v other_o presbyter_n under_o their_o government_n and_o inspection_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n presbyter_n be_v another_o thing_n then_o than_o now_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o in_o its_o full_a latitude_n and_o extent_n with_o we_o it_o signify_v such_o priest_n as_o assist_v the_o bishop_n in_o his_o ecclesiastical_a administration_n and_o be_v accountable_a to_o he_o for_o their_o performance_n and_o though_o all_o presbyter_n be_v not_o bishop_n yet_o all_o bishop_n be_v presbyter_n and_o to_o infer_v a_o equality_n of_o office_n from_o the_o promiscuous_a use_n of_o name_n i_o think_v be_v neither_o good_a logic_n nor_o good_a history_n we_o do_v not_o now_o plead_v as_o some_o ignorant_a people_n may_v pretend_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v bishop_n above_o presbyter_n because_o there_o be_v a_o high_a priest_n among_o the_o jew_n but_o rather_o thus_o that_o the_o hierarchy_n that_o obtain_v in_o the_o patriarchal_a and_o jewish_a oeconomy_n be_v never_o abrogate_a in_o the_o new_a and_o though_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o same_o dichotomy_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n as_o be_v frequent_o see_v in_o the_o old_a we_o ought_v not_o to_o conclude_v from_o thence_o that_o there_o be_v a_o equality_n among_o they_o of_o the_o high_a order_n in_o that_o division_n no_o more_o than_o there_o be_v a_o parity_n among_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o old_a testment_n for_o that_o same_o high_a order_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v again_o divide_v into_o two_o viz._n the_o supreme_a and_o subordinate_a and_o not_o only_o they_o but_o the_o jew_n also_o of_o the_o apostolical_a age_n divide_v their_o clergy_n into_o two_o class_n when_o they_o speak_v of_o they_o only_o as_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o people_n they_o make_v no_o other_o distinction_n among_o they_o than_o that_o of_o priest_n and_o levite_n but_o then_o again_o upon_o other_o occasion_n they_o subdivide_v the_o priest_n into_o the_o high_a and_o subordinate_a order_n 205._o when_o they_o consider_v the_o hierarchy_n in_o itself_o and_o distinguish_v every_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o priesthood_n from_o one_o another_o of_o this_o we_o have_v clear_a instance_n from_o philo_n the_o jew_n be_v it_o not_o then_o reasonable_a that_o the_o apostle_n shall_v speak_v the_o language_n of_o the_o age_n in_o which_o they_o live_v and_o that_o of_o their_o predecessor_n whether_o then_o the_o clergy_n be_v divide_v into_o their_o several_a class_n by_o a_o biparite_n or_o triparite_n division_n both_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o jew_n if_o they_o compare_v the_o priest_n among_o themselves_o and_o reckon_v up_o their_o distinction_n and_o subordination_n to_o one_o another_o than_o they_o be_v divide_v by_o a_o tipartite_a division_n but_o if_o they_o speak_v of_o they_o with_o regard_n to_o the_o people_n than_o the_o bipartite_a division_n be_v more_o convenient_a so_o that_o the_o community_n of_o name_n be_v very_o observable_a when_o the_o office_n themselves_o be_v as_o true_o separate_v and_o distinguish_v a_o they_o can_v be_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o first_o presbyter_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o apostolical_a age_n he_o that_o be_v vest_v with_o a_o prostasia_fw-la be_v a_o much_o above_o the_o subordinate_a presbyter_n as_o the_o highpriest_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v above_o other_o priest_n with_o who_o nevertheless_o he_o be_v frequent_o subordinate_a presbuyter_n as_o the_o high_a priest_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v above_o other_o priest_n with_o who_o nevertheless_o he_o be_v frequent_o rank_v without_o any_o nominal_a distinction_n or_o discrimination_n nay_o salmasius_n himself_o grant_v that_o even_o when_o the_o pretend_a equality_n
that_o more_o perfect_a scheme_n that_o be_v to_o continue_v until_o the_o come_n of_o the_o messiah_n this_o be_v certain_a that_o before_o the_o apostle_n leave_v the_o world_n they_o establish_v such_o a_o ecclesiastical_a government_n as_o aught_o to_o continue_v in_o the_o church_n until_o the_o second_o come_v of_o our_o savioar_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o where_o we_o meet_v with_o such_o dichetomy_n in_o other_o author_n such_o a_o parity_n as_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o presbyterian_o may_v be_v understand_v yet_o when_o we_o view_v the_o text_n of_o st._n clement_n more_o narrow_o we_o must_v not_o presume_v to_o make_v any_o such_o inference_n for_o the_o very_a same_o st._n clement_n dichotomizies_n the_o jewish_a clergy_n who_o be_v know_v to_o have_v have_v their_o high_a priest_n chief_z priests_z priest_n 41._o and_o levite_n yet_o he_o comprehend_v they_o all_o in_o this_o short_a and_o bipartite_a division_n for_o speak_v of_o jacob_n he_o have_v these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o must_v we_o from_o hence_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v a_o parity_n among_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n because_o they_o be_v thus_o distinguish_v from_o the_o laity_n without_o mention_v the_o several_a gradation_n of_o the_o hierarchy_n among_o themselves_o nay_o so_o little_a do_v our_o adversary_n gain_v by_o strain_v the_o language_n of_o st._n clement_n contrary_a to_o the_o latitude_n and_o simplicity_n of_o the_o apostolical_a age_n that_o the_o same_o author_n comprehend_v all_o minister_n of_o religion_n 〈◊〉_d under_o one_o general_a word_n whether_o prophet_n apostle_n bishop_n presbyter_n or_o deacon_n and_o not_o only_o do_v he_o thus_o speak_v of_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o true_a religion_n but_o also_o of_o the_o *_o egyptian_a priest_n who_o be_v know_v to_o have_v have_v their_o several_a subordination_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n be_v that_o the_o same_o st._n clement_n when_o he_o exhort_v the_o corinthian_n to_o christian_a order_n and_o harmony_n set_v before_o they_o the_o beautiful_a subordination_n under_o the_o temple-service_n how_o the_o high_a priest_n priests_z and_o levite_n be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o immediate_o recommend_v to_o the_o corinthian_n 53._o that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v continue_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d now_o when_o we_o consider_v the_o primitive_a method_n of_o reason_v from_o jewish_a precedent_n st._n clement_n have_v never_o talk_v at_o this_o rate_n if_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o one_o over_o many_o priest_n have_v be_v abolish_v under_o the_o new_a testament_n and_o jerome_n himself_o on_o who_o write_n m._n blondel_n endeavour_v to_o establish_v his_o opinion_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o evagrius_n 95._o give_v light_n to_o this_o place_n of_o st._n clement_n et_fw-la ut_fw-la sciamus_fw-la traditiones_fw-la apostolicas_fw-la sumptas_fw-la de_fw-la veteri_fw-la testamento_fw-la quod_fw-la aaron_n &_o silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la atque_fw-la levitae_fw-la in_o templo_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la hoc_fw-la sibi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o presbyteri_fw-la &_o diaconi_fw-la vendicent_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la for_o without_o all_o controversy_n those_o tradition_n descend_v from_o the_o jewish_a church_n to_o the_o christian_a as_o their_o true_a inheritance_n nay_o st._n clement_n himself_o express_o distinguish_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o last_o may_v signify_v office_n and_o age_n both_o together_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v a_o objection_n of_o any_o weight_n that_o the_o first_o who_o be_v there_o spiritual_a governor_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o plural_a number_n since_o this_o be_v a_o encyclical_a epistle_n address_v to_o corinth_n as_o the_o principal_a city_n and_o from_o thence_o transmit_v to_o its_o dependency_n how_o considerable_a the_o city_n of_o corinth_n be_v in_o those_o day_n every_o body_n know_v and_o s._n chrysostom_n inform_v we_o 12._o that_o it_o be_v populous_a and_o magnificent_a in_o regard_n of_o its_o riches_n and_o wisdom_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o far_o be_v s._n clement_n from_o intend_v a_o parity_n of_o priest_n by_o his_o promiscuous_a use_n of_o word_n that_o he_o himself_o distinguish_v plain_o the_o spiritual_a governor_n from_o the_o body_n of_o subordinate_a presbyter_n and_o it_o be_v surprise_v to_o observe_v how_o much_o man_n may_v be_v blind_v with_o prejudice_n contrary_a to_o the_o universal_a suffrage_n of_o the_o ancient_n who_o place_n s._n clement_n so_o early_o in_o the_o apostolical_a succession_n of_o the_o chair_n of_o rome_n the_o reader_n may_v see_v they_o all_o in_o one_o view_n prefix_v to_o junius_n his_o edition_n of_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o corinthian_n a_o second_o witness_v make_v to_o appear_v a_o evidence_n for_o parity_n be_v the_o venerable_a s._n polycarp_n bishop_n of_o smyrna_n who_o by_o aetate_fw-la ireneus_fw-la bishop_n of_o lion_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v teach_v by_o the_o apostle_n to_o have_v converse_v with_o many_o who_o have_v see_v our_o saviour_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o see_v he_o in_o his_o young_a day_n and_o that_o he_o know_v he_o to_o have_v be_v constitute_v bishop_n of_o smyrna_n by_o the_o apostle_n this_o be_v he_o who_o by_o eccles_n s._n jerome_n be_v call_v totius_fw-la asiae_n princeps_fw-la one_o will_v think_v that_o when_o they_o name_n s._n polycarp_n they_o have_v discover_v some_o clear_a testimony_n in_o his_o write_n to_o build_v their_o hypothesis_n upon_o but_o instead_o of_o this_o nothing_o but_o a_o wretched_a consequence_n found_v upon_o the_o bipartite_a division_n of_o the_o clergy_n mention_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o philippian_n and_o yet_o the_o epigraphe_n of_o s._n polycarp'_v epistle_n clear_o distinguish_v he_o from_o his_o presbyter_n who_o be_v then_o with_o he_o which_o run_v thus_o polycarp_n and_o the_o presbyter_n that_o be_v with_o he_o to_o the_o church_n of_o god_n which_o be_v at_o philippi_n and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v vest_v with_o episcopal_a jurisdiction_n and_o eminence_n among_o those_o presbyter_n how_o be_v it_o agreeable_a to_o the_o primitive_a modesty_n and_o self_n denial_n to_o have_v name_v himself_o only_o in_o the_o frontispiece_n of_o this_o epistle_n and_o to_o mention_v none_o of_o his_o brother_n save_v only_o by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o presbyter_n this_o be_v mighty_a uneasy_a to_o blondel_n and_o the_o evidence_n of_o truth_n force_n from_o he_o the_o follow_a word_n i●_n id_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o s._n martyris_fw-la epistola_fw-la peculiare_a apparet_fw-la quod_fw-la eam_fw-la pr._n vatim_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o presbyterorum_fw-la nomine_fw-la ad_fw-la philippensium_fw-la fraternitatem_fw-la dedit_fw-la ac_fw-la sibi_fw-la quandam_fw-la supra_fw-la presbyteros_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reservasse_fw-la videtur_fw-la ut_fw-la jam_fw-la tum_fw-la in_o episcopali_fw-la apice_fw-la constitutum_fw-la reliquos_fw-la smyrnensium_fw-la presbyteros_fw-la gradu_fw-la superasse_fw-la conjicere_fw-la liceat_fw-la there_o be_v two_o thing_n that_o baffle_v this_o shadow_n of_o a_o argument_n bring_v from_o the_o epistle_n of_o s._n polycarp_n the_o first_o be_v that_o irenaeus_n who_o be_v intimate_o acquaint_v with_o he_o and_o know_v he_o to_o have_v be_v teach_v by_o s._n john_n the_o apostle_n and_o by_o he_o ordain_v bishop_n of_o smyrna_n do_v refute_v the_o heresy_n of_o the_o valentintan_n from_o the_o unanimous_a doctrine_n preserve_v among_o the_o single_a successor_n of_o s._n polycarp_n downward_o to_o that_o very_a period_n in_o which_o he_o write_v for_o if_o the_o ecclesiastical_a power_n of_o the_o church_n of_o smyrna_n have_v be_v equal_o lodge_v in_o the_o college_n of_o presbyter_n his_o argument_n against_o the_o heretic_n from_o the_o succession_n of_o single_a person_n teach_v the_o same_o doctrine_n first_o deliver_v by_o s._n john_n and_o convey_v by_o s._n polycarp_n to_o the_o follow_a bishop_n i_o say_v such_o a_o argument_n so_o manage_v can_v have_v no_o force_n nor_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o irenaeus_n to_o have_v use_v it_o the_o next_o be_v this_o that_o in_o the_o same_o epistle_n of_o s._n polycarp_n to_o the_o philippian_n the_o epistle_n of_o s._n ignatius_n be_v zealous_o recommend_v and_o we_o need_v not_o inform_v the_o reader_n how_o much_o the_o divine_a institution_n power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o bishop_n above_o presbyter_n be_v assert_v in_o those_o epistle_n of_o which_o i_o be_o to_o speak_v in_o due_a time_n the_o question_n then_o concern_v s._n polycarp_n be_v whether_o we_o be_v to_o believe_v s._n irenaeus_n bishop_n of_o lion_n who_o be_v full_o acquaint_v with_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o education_n apostolical_a doctrine_n and_o promotion_n to_o the_o see_v of_o smyrna_n rather_o than_o the_o dark_a and_o groundless_a conjecture_n of_o late_a age_n and_o from_o this_o single_a instance_n alone_o we_o see_v how_o inflexible_a and_o stubborn_a the_o power_n of_o prejudice_n be_v how_o far_o it_o
equality_n even_o in_o such_o a_o parity_n as_o exclude_v the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o any_o high_a order_n than_o that_o of_o a_o presbyter_n in_o the_o modern_a notion_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o foundation_n for_o their_o inference_n in_o the_o text_n last_o mention_v in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o find_v that_o our_o bless_a saviour_n suppose_v degree_n of_o subordination_n among_o his_o own_o disciple_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o society_n and_o therefore_o he_o direct_v the_o ecclesiastic_n who_o will_v climb_v to_o the_o high_a place_n in_o the_o church_n to_o take_v other_o method_n than_o those_o that_o be_v most_o usual_a among_o the_o grandee_n of_o the_o world_n he_o that_o deserve_a preferment_n in_o the_o church_n be_v to_o be_v the_o servant_n of_o all_o so_o that_o this_o text_n refer_v to_o the_o method_n of_o promotion_n and_o not_o to_o the_o extirpation_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n they_o be_v not_o to_o aspire_v to_o 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sense_n degrade_v our_o bless_a saviour_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o one_o of_o his_o disciple_n for_o what_o he_o command_v the_o apostle_n he_o practise_v among_o they_o himself_o and_o this_o be_v the_o strong_a motive_n to_o engage_v their_o obedience_n therefore_o i_o may_v reasonable_o infer_v that_o whatever_o it_o be_v that_o our_o saviour_n command_v in_o those_o place_n of_o scripture_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v toto_fw-la coelo_fw-la different_a from_o all_o parity_n and_o equality_n he_o command_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o exercise_v their_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o gentile_n do_v by_o a_o spirit_n of_o pride_n and_o domination_n but_o rather_o by_o the_o more_o christian_n and_o engage_v behaviour_n of_o charity_n and_o humility_n he_o that_o be_v to_o be_v the_o great_a among_o they_o be_v to_o be_v their_o servant_n in_o imitation_n of_o that_o heavenly_a pattern_n that_o be_v set_v they_o by_o our_o bless_a lord_n and_o saviour_n s._n 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against_o the_o superiority_n of_o a_o bishop_n be_v