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power_n act_n church_n elder_n 2,749 5 9.8945 5 false
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A85314 Separation examined: or, a treatise vvherein the grounds for separation from the ministry and churches of England are weighed, and found too light. The practise proved to be not onely unwarrantable, but likewise so hurtful to the churches, that church-reformation cannot with any comfort go forward, so long as such separation is tolerated. Also an humble request presented to the congregational divines, that since the differences between them and the classical-divines are very small they would please to strike in with the classical-divines in carrying on the worke of reformation, before the inundation of these corrupt opinions, have destroyed both ordinances and religion. / By Gi. Firmin minister to the church in Shalford in essex. Firmin, Giles, 1614-1697. 1652 (1652) Wing F964; Thomason E656_12; ESTC R206624 107,263 123

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than_o i_o desire_v no_o more_o if_o they_o be_v so_o far_o minister_n as_o to_o administer_v baptism_n to_o you_o than_o they_o may_v well_o administer_v ordination_n to_o we_o renounce_v therefore_o the_o baptism_n you_o have_v by_o they_o so_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o can_v ordain_v and_o when_o you_o be_v regular_o re-baptised_n and_o can_v warrant_v your_o act_n and_o prove_v that_o you_o have_v the_o power_n to_o ordain_v than_o we_o will_v listen_v to_o you_o for_o my_o own_o ordination_n it_o be_v in_o the_o face_n of_o my_o people_n the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o fast_v and_o prayer_n those_o who_o carry_v on_o the_o work_n be_v mr._n dan._n rogers_n mr._n martial_n mr._n ranew_o with_o other_o godly_a minister_n who_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o impose_v of_o hand_n the_o minister_n live_v about_o i_o i_o never_o see_v that_o ordinance_n carry_v on_o with_o more_o solemnity_n in_o my_o life_n the_o people_n show_v their_o election_n by_o suffrage_n hold_v up_o their_o hand_n all_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o pattern_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o a_o man_n as_o much_o scorn_v as_o other_o man_n who_o be_v ordain_v by_o bishop_n i_o can_v submit_v to_o god_n in_o that_o scorn_n that_o these_o cast_n upon_o i_o for_o i_o deserve_v it_o at_o his_o hand_n only_a there_o be_v a_o foul_a error_n commit_v at_o my_o ordination_n and_o it_o be_v tell_v up_o and_o down_o by_o some_o of_o this_o kind_n against_o who_o i_o write_v and_o i_o pray_v what_o be_v it_o this_o the_o minister_n impose_v hand_n in_o my_o ordination_n this_o have_v be_v talk_v of_o as_o a_o strange_a thing_n but_o let_v i_o answer_v for_o the_o minister_n it_o be_v no_o error_n much_o less_o such_o a_o great_a one_o as_o you_o make_v it_o 1_o if_o private_a man_n carpenter_n and_o tailor_n may_v impose_v hand_n why_o may_v not_o minister_n but_o the_o former_a have_v do_v it_o ergo._n 2_o all_o the_o ordination_n that_o ever_o i_o see_v in_o new_a england_n be_v perform_v with_o imposition_n of_o hand_n i_o have_v see_v deacon_n ordain_v thus_o 3_o if_o you_o be_v wise_a than_o the_o elder_n in_o new_a england_n 74._o answ_n to_o the_o 32._o que_fw-la p._n 67._o survey_v of_o church_n dise_z p._n 2._o p._n 74._o and_o master_n hooker_n then_o overthrow_v they_o for_o they_o conceive_v it_o near_o to_o the_o institution_n 4_o if_o you_o observe_v the_o example_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n which_o be_v our_o guide_n in_o church_n affair_n we_o shall_v find_v ordination_n have_v be_v thus_o perform_v as_o act_n 6.6_o act._n 13.3_o 1_o tim._n 4.14_o 1_o tim._n 5.22_o heb._n 6.2_o lay_v on_o of_o hand_n which_o place_n by_o classical_a man_n congregationall_a man_n and_o separatist_n be_v interpret_v of_o ordination_n i_o do_v not_o here_o bring_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o church_n in_o former_a time_n because_o i_o intend_v not_o to_o handle_v the_o controversy_n whether_o imposition_n of_o hand_n be_v necessary_o require_v in_o ordination_n but_o bring_v you_o in_o as_o many_o example_n from_o scripture_n where_o there_o be_v minister_n ordain_v without_o imposition_n of_o hand_n as_o also_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o true_a church_n orthodox_n and_o sound_n who_o do_v ordain_v without_o etc._n etc._n or_o else_o be_v ashamed_a of_o your_o ignorance_n and_o charge_v not_o those_o man_n with_o error_n where_o none_o be_v but_o a_o true_a follow_v the_o pattern_n the_o substance_n and_o essence_n then_o of_o ordination_n be_v this_o that_o person_n qualify_v ministerial_o be_v set_v apart_o or_o separate_v for_o the_o work_n of_o the_o ministry_n by_o person_n in_o office_n ordinary_o it_o must_v be_v thus_o what_o may_v be_v do_v extraordinary_o when_o no_o officer_n can_v be_v have_v be_v another_o case_n the_o minister_n in_o england_n have_v that_o ordinance_n for_o the_o substance_n and_o they_o have_v the_o election_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o every_o individual_a person_n in_o a_o parish_n will_v consent_v to_o every_o godly_a minister_n but_o consent_v there_o be_v hence_o these_o two_o concur_v to_o the_o call_v which_o be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o minister_n many_o presbyterial_a minister_n be_v true_a minister_n i_o dare_v say_v more_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a now_o i_o save_v myself_o but_o i_o have_v not_o do_v with_o ordination_n yet_o i_o shall_v meet_v with_o it_o once_o again_o afterward_o let_v we_o now_o come_v and_o try_v the_o second_o ground_n for_o separation_n scil_n the_o worship_n of_o god_n the_o fault_n here_o must_v be_v reduce_v to_o one_o of_o these_o three_o head_n either_o 1_o because_o they_o can_v enjoy_v all_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n in_o these_o church_n or_o 2_o because_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n be_v mix_v with_o humane_a invention_n that_o they_o can_v partake_v of_o they_o without_o sin_n or_o 3_o because_o here_o be_v other_o ordinance_n set_v up_o in_o the_o church_n then_o ever_o christ_n do_v institute_v i_o can_v conceive_v any_o more_o for_o the_o first_o suppose_v it_o be_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o defect_n of_o some_o ordinance_n be_v that_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o separation_n mr._n hooker_n say_v no._n if_o a_o father_n of_o a_o family_n want_v a_o rod_n in_o his_o house_n discip_n the_o preface_n to_o survey_v of_o church_n discip_n be_v it_o ergo_fw-la no_o family_n there_o may_v be_v some_o disorder_n in_o the_o house_n for_o want_v of_o good_a government_n yet_o a_o family_n divers_a divine_n of_o great_a note_n conceive_v by_o that_o text_n nehem._n 8.17_o 18._o that_o the_o church_n of_o the_o jew_n do_v omit_v the_o celebration_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o tabernacle_n almost_o the_o space_n of_o a_o thousand_o year_n the_o ark_n be_v absent_a from_o the_o tabernacle_n from_o the_o time_n of_o eli_n to_o the_o time_n of_o david_n 1_o sam._n 4.11_o compare_v with_o 2_o sam._n 6_o 17._o and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a fault_n the_o scribe_n reject_v the_o baptism_n of_o john_n but_o where_o do_v you_o find_v any_o separation_n all_o this_o while_n that_o the_o godly_a shall_v not_o join_v with_o that_o church_n and_o partake_v in_o what_o ordinance_n they_o have_v but_o this_o objection_n have_v no_o place_n in_o these_o church_n for_o prayer_n preach_v administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n yea_o discipline_n they_o have_v in_o the_o episcopal_a day_n they_o do_v suspend_v from_o the_o lord_n supper_n and_o the_o bishop_n give_v the_o minister_n power_n but_o suspension_n be_v the_o lesser_a excommunication_n and_o now_o to_o be_v sure_a there_o be_v none_o want_v at_o least_o shall_v not_o be_v if_o the_o minister_n be_v not_o hinder_v in_o set_v up_o all_o the_o ordinance_n obj._n no_o say_v you_o the_o classical_a church_n have_v no_o explicit_a covenant_n for_o the_o form_n of_o they_o they_o will_v not_o admit_v it_o into_o their_o church_n therefore_o we_o separate_v i_o shall_v meet_v with_o this_o in_o another_o place_n only_o for_o the_o present_a disprove_v what_o mr._n hooker_n have_v say_v and_o the_o former_a example_n i_o have_v give_v you_o but_o yet_o you_o will_v have_v a_o hard_a piece_n of_o work_n to_o prove_v this_o to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o your_o separation_n as_o afterward_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v make_v good_a for_o the_o second_o humane_a mixture_n in_o ordinance_n this_o indeed_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o old_a separatist_n yet_o in_o those_o day_n many_o holy_a and_o learned_a divine_n write_v against_o the_o separation_n but_o in_o these_o day_n that_o stumble_a block_n be_v remove_v and_o this_o let_v i_o say_v that_o if_o you_o read_v over_o all_o the_o church-story_n since_o there_o be_v a_o church_n upon_o the_o earth_n there_o can_v be_v find_v any_o example_n of_o such_o separatist_n as_o be_v now_o among_o we_o the_o old_a donatist_n have_v their_o minister_n yea_o bishop_n as_o well_o as_o presbyter_n the_o separate_a church_n of_o late_a day_n have_v their_o minister_n and_o how_o strict_o do_v they_o maintain_v and_o practice_v all_o those_o ordinance_n which_o we_o laugh_v at_o as_o sing_v of_o psalm_n infant-baptism_n observation_n of_o the_o sabbath_n and_o such_o opinion_n as_o those_o learned_a and_o godly_a man_n mr._n ainsworth_n robinson_n johnson_n do_v abhor_v be_v swallow_v down_o among_o we_o so_o that_o these_o man_n can_v ground_v their_o practice_n from_o any_o example_n heretofore_o and_o as_o for_o the_o scripture_n if_o they_o can_v find_v any_o ground_n there_o i_o must_v confess_v i_o be_o altogether_o ignorant_a in_o the_o scripture_n suppose_v there_o shall_v be_v some_o human_a mixture_n though_o for_o my_o part_n i_o know_v of_o none_o be_v all_o the_o ordinance_n so_o pollute_v preach_v and_o prayer_n be_v keep_v pure_a in_o the_o episcopal_a day_n
with_o this_o logical_a affection_n of_o a_o adjunct_n and_o the_o other_o with_o the_o affection_n of_o a_o formal_a cause_n i_o shall_v put_v most_o upon_o that_o where_o the_o scripture_n be_v plain_a and_o full_a which_o i_o be_o sure_a in_o any_o man_n esteem_n that_o observe_v those_o text_n with_o a_o impartial_a eye_n be_v ordination_n whether_o ordination_n according_a to_o scripture-light_n be_v not_o as_o essential_a to_o a_o minister_n as_o election_n vis_fw-la vind._n chu_o cath._n vis_fw-la let_v any_o one_o judge_n i_o think_v mr._n hudson_n speak_v christianly_o i_o prefer_v one_o divine_a testimony_n before_o ten_o argument_n and_o one_o good_a argument_n before_o ten_o humane_a testimony_n but_o thus_o by_o clothing_n these_o scripture_n with_o these_o logical_a affection_n we_o have_v cry_v up_o election_n and_o cry_v down_o ordination_n sectary_n take_v advantage_n of_o this_o and_o hence_o come_v in_o our_o disorder_n ordination_n be_v a_o divine_a institution_n ars_fw-la est_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la and_o logic_n be_v a_o general_a art_n so_o that_o we_o must_v give_v some_o logical_a term_n to_o election_n and_o ordination_n i_o deny_v not_o this_o only_o it_o be_v good_a to_o bring_v art_n to_o scripture_n and_o not_o carry_v scripture_n to_o art_n if_o you_o ask_v what_o logical_a argument_n be_v there_o between_o a_o minister_n call_v and_o election_n and_o ordination_n praec_fw-la i_o say_v before_o these_o two_o constitute_v the_o form_n of_o a_o minister_n mutatâ_fw-la affectione_n mutatur_fw-la argumentum_fw-la survey_v par_fw-fr 2._o pag._n 68_o in_o 4_o praec_fw-la what_o if_o i_o shall_v answer_v the_o call_n be_v totum_fw-la integrale_fw-la election_n and_o ordination_n be_v membra_fw-la constitute_v this_o totum_fw-la thus_o i_o make_v election_n to_o be_v essential_a and_o so_o i_o speak_v the_o high_a of_o election_n though_o i_o must_v profess_v upon_o serious_a thought_n i_o rather_o question_v whether_o election_n be_v essential_a than_o i_o do_v ordination_n reverend_a mr._n hooker_n indeed_o say_v ordination_n be_v but_o the_o approbation_n of_o a_o person_n constitute_v in_o his_o office_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v ordination_n do_v most_o respect_n that_o inward_a or_o arcanam_fw-la vocationem_fw-la as_o zanchy_a call_v it_o which_o god_n give_v a_o man_n into_o the_o ministry_n fit_v and_o qualify_a of_o a_o man_n first_o for_o the_o work_n which_o none_o else_o can_v do_v and_o give_v he_o a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o the_o work_n god_n do_v there_o as_o it_o be_v separate_v he_o inward_o and_o now_o he_o do_v it_o outward_o in_o ordination_n the_o particular_a congregation_n do_v but_o give_v he_o a_o call_v by_o their_o election_n and_o subjection_n to_o he_o to_o exercise_v this_o power_n among_o they_o pro_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la that_o which_o move_v i_o to_o think_v so_o be_v first_o church_n may_v not_o choose_v who_o they_o listen_v as_o do_v our_o sectary_n but_o person_n qualify_v by_o god_n second_o the_o scripture_n be_v so_o full_a and_o clear_a for_o ordination_n over_o it_o be_v for_o election_n though_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o election_n may_v well_o be_v prove_v three_o because_o a_o man_n may_v in_o some_o case_n be_v ordain_v to_o the_o ministry_n when_o no_o election_n of_o the_o people_n do_v precede_v as_o i_o shall_v give_v instance_n afterward_o 2._o i_o argue_v thus_o if_o the_o election_n of_o the_o people_n do_v give_v the_o essential_o to_o a_o officer_n then_o may_v a_o man_n elect_v execute_v all_o official_a power_n without_o ordination_n and_o that_o common_o but_o no_o man_n may_v execute_v official_a power_n and_o that_o common_o without_o ordination_n ergo_fw-la election_n do_v not_o give_v the_o essentials_n by_o the_o essential_o here_o he_o mean_v the_o formal_a cause_n for_o as_o for_o the_o material_a cause_n they_o can_v give_v that_o and_o we_o have_v but_o two_o cause_n that_o do_v dare_v essentiam_fw-la though_o all_o four_o do_v dare_v esse_fw-la the_o consequence_n be_v clear_a that_o they_o may_v execute_v etc._n etc._n without_o ordination_n for_o forma_fw-la that_fw-mi operari_fw-la but_o election_n give_v the_o form_n say_v these_o reverend_a man_n and_o ordination_n be_v but_o a_o adjunct_n effect_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o adjunct_n for_o operation_n the_o form_n give_v that_o the_o minor_a that_o they_o must_v not_o do_v so_o first_o it_o be_v cross_v to_o scripture_n precedent_n if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o deacon_n 9_o survey_v part_n 3._o pag._n 9_o say_v mr._n hooker_n yet_o we_o see_v he_o be_v ordain_v second_o it_o be_v cross_a to_o your_o own_o practice_n it_o be_v frequent_a in_o new_a england_n to_o have_v a_o man_n elect_v and_o preach_v half_a a_o year_n a_o whole_a year_n yea_o i_o know_v one_o elect_v and_o preach_v two_o year_n to_o his_o people_n and_o they_o maintain_v he_o all_o that_o while_n and_o yet_o all_o that_o time_n he_o never_o administer_v a_o sacrament_n to_o his_o people_n but_o he_o and_o they_o when_o they_o will_v partake_v of_o the_o lord_n supper_n go_v ten_o mile_n to_o the_o church_n out_o of_o which_o they_o issue_v to_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n but_o this_o be_v very_o hard_a and_o needless_a if_o he_o have_v the_o form_n give_v he_o in_o election_n 2._o that_o which_o do_v next_o invest_v a_o man_n with_o official_a power_n so_o as_o now_o he_o may_v perform_v official_a act_n and_o before_o which_o he_o can_v not_o do_v so_o that_o do_v give_v essence_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o a_o mere_a adjunct_n but_o ordination_n do_v next_o invest_v a_o minister_n with_o official_a power_n so_o as_o now_o he_o may_v perfome_v official_a act_n which_o before_o he_o can_v not_o do_v ergo_fw-la the_o minor_a be_v clear_a by_o the_o scripture_n example_n second_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o your_o own_o practice_n for_o those_o who_o for_o two_o year_n and_o more_o stand_v only_o by_o election_n but_o that_o while_o dispense_v no_o sacrament_n when_o they_o be_v ordain_v do_v present_o put_v forth_o all_o official_a act_n the_o major_a take_v all_o together_o i_o suppose_v will_v not_o be_v deny_v it_o do_v next_o invest_v a_o man_n with_o official_a power_n so_o as_o now_o he_o can_v perform_v official_a act_n and_o before_o he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o to_o say_v he_o have_v official_a power_n before_o give_v he_o by_o election_n but_o can_v not_o act_v it_o be_v strange_a frustra_fw-la est_fw-la illa_fw-la potentia_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v such_o a_o person_n continue_v twice_o as_o long_o unordain_v he_o have_v not_o execute_v any_o official_a power_n nay_o his_o preach_v all_o that_o time_n be_v not_o esteem_v preach_v by_o way_n of_o office_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v say_v such_o preach_v only_o upon_o trial_n for_o i_o now_o speak_v of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v try_v before_o nay_o have_v be_v preacher_n in_o england_n long_o before_o they_o go_v over_o and_o such_o i_o be_o sure_a as_o the_o people_n will_v willing_o have_v they_o ordain_v within_o one_o month_n after_o they_o have_v choose_v they_o they_o be_v so_o well_o satisfy_v in_o the_o person_n who_o they_o have_v choose_v four_o it_o be_v something_o that_o solemnity_n the_o scripture_n express_v that_o be_v in_o the_o ordination_n of_o minister_n prayer_n and_o fast_v and_o imposition_n of_o hand_n we_o read_v of_o no_o such_o solemnity_n in_o election_n though_o people_n ought_v to_o pray_v before_o they_o do_v choose_v so_o it_o be_v in_o new_a england_n this_o act_n be_v very_o solemn_a when_o notice_n be_v give_v of_o the_o ordination_n of_o a_o officer_n to_o the_o several_a church_n as_o before_o any_o ordination_n all_o the_o church_n adjacent_a have_v notice_n give_v it_o run_v in_o that_o form_n there_o be_v a_o ordination_n to_o be_v this_o week_n at_o such_o a_o church_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o election_n of_o the_o person_n we_o know_v it_o long_o before_o who_o they_o have_v choose_v and_o though_o the_o people_n do_v by_o their_o suffrage_n declare_v their_o election_n in_o this_o day_n of_o humiliation_n yet_o they_o declare_v no_o more_o than_o the_o country_n know_v before_o and_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o say_v he_o be_v not_o elect_v before_o now_o when_o first_o they_o choose_v he_o to_o go_v with_o they_o or_o come_v to_o they_o and_o there_o continue_v a_o year_n or_o two_o preach_v &_o they_o contribute_v to_o his_o maintenance_n the_o same_o i_o may_v say_v in_o regard_n of_o myself_o i_o have_v as_o full_a a_o election_n of_o my_o people_n at_o my_o first_o come_n as_o be_v declare_v at_o my_o ordination_n and_o it_o be_v above_o two_o year_n before_o i_o can_v get_v my_o ordination_n in_o the_o place_n where_o i_o be_v elect_v through_o the_o trouble_n of_o the_o time_n but_o all_o that_o while_o i_o do_v not_o conceive_v myself_o invest_v with_o
the_o people_n be_v but_o a_o homogeneal_a body_n to_o reject_v i.e._n excommunicate_v a_o ossicer_n will_v cost_v more_o to_o prove_v have_v reverend_a mr._n hooker_n be_v alive_a and_o see_v what_o work_v church-member_n make_v here_o in_o england_n in_o very_a many_o church_n i_o think_v it_o will_v have_v cause_v he_o to_o bethink_v himself_o again_o of_o the_o people_n power_n something_o we_o hear_v of_o be_v do_v in_o a_o church_n not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v it_o can_v be_v keep_v close_o the_o light_n of_o that_o fire_n shine_v into_o england_n for_o the_o people_n to_o withdraw_v their_o subjection_n from_o such_o a_o officer_n when_o there_o be_v no_o other_o officer_n to_o join_v with_o they_o to_o excommunicate_v he_o this_o be_v not_o deny_v for_o by_o their_o subjection_n to_o he_o they_o make_v he_o their_o officer_n that_o be_v some_o part_n so_o they_o may_v withdraw_v their_o subjection_n again_o but_o for_o excommunication_n mr._n cotton_n say_v it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o high_a act_n of_o rule_n in_o the_o church_n 16_o key_n p._n 16_o and_o therefore_o can_v be_v perform_v but_o by_o some_o ruler_n mr._n burrough_n say_v 51._o iren._n 51._o if_o the_o church_n be_v without_o officer_n they_o can_v do_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o officer_n to_o do_v they_o have_v no_o sacrament_n among_o they_o neither_o can_v they_o have_v any_o spiritual_a jurisdiction_n exercise_v among_o they_o only_o brotherly_a admonition_n and_o withdraw_v from_o such_o as_o walk_v disorderly_a for_o their_o own_o preservation_n so_o then_o here_o be_v a_o way_n for_o the_o people_n to_o preserve_v themselves_o though_o they_o can_v excommunicate_v and_o those_o text_n which_o reverend_a mr._n hooker_n bring_v matth._n 7.15_o and_o phil._n 3.2_o do_v not_o prove_v the_o church_n as_o a_o homogencal_a body_n to_o have_v power_n to_o excommunicate_v their_o officer_n though_o they_o may_v prove_v withdraw_v as_o also_o rom._n 16.17_o may_v prove_v it_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o consequence_n that_o staple_n rule_n ejusdem_fw-la est_fw-la instituere_fw-la destituere_fw-la this_o maxim_n be_v turn_v every_o way_n sometime_o to_o prove_v the_o people_n may_v excommunicate_v their_o officer_n because_o they_o do_v instituere_fw-la the_o people_n in_o election_n put_v forth_o no_o act_n of_o jurisdiction_n therefore_o they_o may_v put_v forth_o the_o high_a act_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o excommunication_n that_o there_o be_v no_o act_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o election_n doctor_n ames_n acknowledge_v ovas_n rationales_fw-la possunt_fw-la eligere_fw-la sibi_fw-la pastorem_fw-la sicut_fw-la sponsa_fw-la eligit_fw-la sibisponsum_fw-la non_fw-la per_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la aut_fw-la gubernationem_fw-la sed_fw-la potius_fw-la per_fw-la subjectionem_fw-la in_o the_o answer_n before_o he_o affirm_v the_o same_o and_o elsewhere_o now_o what_o argue_v be_v this_o 13._o bellar._n enter_fw-mi to_o 2_o l._n 3._o c._n 2._o s._n 19_o ib._n s._n 13._o to_o argue_v from_o subjection_n to_o the_o high_a act_n of_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v no_o authority_n in_o election_n for_o electio_fw-la non_fw-la cogit_fw-la yet_o there_o be_v more_o power_n see_v in_o civil_a election_n than_o church-election_n as_o i_o shall_v touch_v afterward_o but_o in_o excommunication_n authority_n appear_v that_o also_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o people_n do_v instituere_fw-la in_o constitute_v chruche_n and_o ordinary_o what_o may_v be_v do_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a case_n be_v no_o ordinary_a rule_n here_o the_o maxim_n be_v turn_v to_o prove_v that_o they_o may_v jnstituere_fw-la because_o they_o can_v destituere_fw-la but_o that_o will_v be_v deny_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o sense_n before_o mention_v i._n e._n in_o what_o manner_n and_o how_o far_o they_o do_v instituere_fw-la i.e._n by_o a_o subjection_n to_o be_v their_o officer_n so_o they_o may_v withdraw_v their_o subjection_n from_o he_o and_o not_o own_v he_o to_o be_v their_o officer_n but_o to_o excommunicate_v be_v more_o quest_n but_o suppose_v this_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o fraternity_n can_v excommunicate_v their_o officer_n but_o withdraw_v their_o subjection_n they_o may_v you_o say_v and_o so_o he_o cease_v to_o be_v their_o officer_n but_o what_o be_v he_o now_o a_o officer_n to_o other_o church_n a._n if_o the_o withdraw_a their_o subjection_n and_o reject_v be_v irregular_a then_o though_o they_o make_v he_o not_o their_o officer_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la which_o he_o be_v still_o the_o jure_fw-la yet_o his_o relation_n to_o the_o church-catholick_n visible_a do_v still_o hold_v and_o another_o church_n give_v he_o a_o call_v he_o have_v then_o power_n actu_fw-la secund●_n to_o administer_v the_o ordinance_n there_o for_o instance_n the_o separatist_n cast_v off_o he_o who_o before_o they_o choose_v for_o their_o officer_n suppose_v now_o unless_o he_o will_v renounce_v his_o ordination_n he_o be_v no_o minister_n do_v he_o therefore_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o minister_n how_o bufie_v some_o congregationall_a church_n be_v in_o withdraw_a from_o their_o officer_n it_o be_v too_o manifest_a and_o many_o go_v to_o the_o anabaptist_n some_o turn_v seeker_n andif_a all_o the_o member_n do_v thus_o do_v they_o now_o cease_v to_o be_v minister_n 2_o but_o if_o the_o withdraw_a be_v regular_a the_o cause_n just_a try_v etc._n etc._n then_o that_o which_o be_v sufficient_a ground_n for_o their_o withdraw_a from_o he_o be_v just_a cause_n why_o he_o shall_v be_v excommunicate_v be_v pertinacious_o scandalous_a or_o heretical_a as_o mr._n hooker_n suppose_v if_o then_o the_o case_n of_o a_o church_n be_v so_o as_o they_o be_v cast_v by_o providence_n into_o some_o remote_a place_n where_o be_v no_o church_n beside_o to_o combine_v with_o then_o as_o their_o election_n of_o he_o etc._n etc._n as_o i_o say_v before_o may_v supply_v the_o want_n of_o ordination_n so_o this_o withdraw_a in_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a case_n may_v be_v analogum_fw-la to_o excommunication_n but_o say_v our_o divine_n if_o that_o church_n be_v in_o combination_n with_o other_o church_n as_o now_o under_o a_o classis_fw-la than_o the_o people_n shall_v not_o need_v to_o stay_v there_o in_o their_o withdraw_a but_o the_o case_n be_v judge_v and_o try_v by_o the_o classis_fw-la they_o as_o they_o ordain_v he_o when_o the_o people_n elect_v he_o the_o people_n consent_v do_v excommunicate_v he_o then_o as_o a_o man_n cast_v out_o of_o one_o church_n be_v cast_v out_o from_o the_o catholic_n church_n visible_a so_o he_o who_o be_v cast_v out_o from_o be_v a_o officer_n to_o this_o church_n be_v cast_v out_o from_o be_v a_o minister_n to_o the_o church-catholicke_a visible_a for_o the_o other_o argument_n 78_o burro_fw-la iren_n p._n 50_o nort._n resp_n ad_fw-la apoll._n p._n 76_o 78_o the_o people_n convey_v of_o power_n to_o a_o officer_n i_o know_v of_o no_o power_n the_o people_n convey_v only_o a_o designation_n of_o such_o a_o person_n to_o officiate_v in_o this_o or_o that_o society_n but_o their_o power_n they_o receive_v from_o christ_n immediate_o as_o our_o congregationall_a man_n affirm_v and_o hence_o they_o act_v in_o his_o name_n not_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o church_n 5_o the_o last_o answer_n i_o will_v give_v to_o this_o proposal_n be_v this_o if_o you_o conceive_v this_o to_o be_v the_o only_a way_n of_o reformation_n than_o you_o must_v give_v the_o minister_n strong_a proof_n that_o you_o may_v ordain_v the_o minister_n will_v as_o much_o question_n your_o power_n to_o ordain_v as_o you_o question_v the_o bishop_n power_n so_o that_o we_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v you_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v this_o because_o you_o be_v so_o punctual_a you_o say_v for_o reform_v by_o the_o word_n but_o of_o this_o practice_n i_o much_o doubt_n 1_o my_o ground_n be_v because_o i_o find_v not_o one_o jota_n of_o any_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n obj._n though_o you_o do_v not_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n yet_o in_o the_o old_a testament_n there_o be_v numb_a 8.10_o a._n that_o place_n be_v the_o only_a resuge_n but_o 1_o it_o be_v common_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v no_o fair_a argue_v to_o go_v to_o the_o old_a testament_n for_o one_o thing_n we_o will_v have_v and_o when_o another_o come_v to_o the_o same_o polity_n for_o a_o argument_n for_o their_o turn_n now_o to_o debar_v they_o and_o tell_v they_o this_o be_v the_o old_a polity_n either_o leave_n out_o the_o jewish_a polity_n altogether_o or_o else_o give_v other_o leave_v to_o fetch_v argument_n from_o thence_o as_o well_o as_o yourselves_o 2_o if_o you_o will_v go_v to_o that_o polity_n why_o may_v i_o not_o as_o well_o prove_v that_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v ordain_v as_o well_o as_o moses_n do_v aaron_n levit._n 8._o 3_o but_o in_o that_o church_n at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v officer_n aaron_z and_o his_o son_n thence_o if_o that_o be_v a_o rule_n it_o must_v follow_v
subject_n for_o reciprocation_n can_v be_v with_o they_o for_o preach_v administration_n of_o sacrament_n government_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v sure_o the_o people_n can_v do_v there_o will_v be_v more_o say_v for_o the_o presbytery_n they_o actual_o choose_v they_o actual_o admit_v they_o actual_o govern_v and_o exercise_v discipline_n they_o have_v both_o the_o power_n and_o the_o act_n but_o for_o the_o people_n they_o can_v do_v any_o act_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o officer_n nor_o have_v so_o much_o as_o the_o power_n of_o it_o we_o may_v see_v by_o this_o where_o the_o power_n will_v chief_o reside_v to_o say_v the_o fraternity_n though_o they_o have_v not_o official_a power_n yet_o they_o have_v power_n to_o choose_v a_o officer_n and_o so_o consequent_o they_o be_v the_o first_o subject_n this_o be_v very_o unsatisfactory_a to_o have_v the_o adjunct_n reciprocate_v at_o the_o second_o hand_n it_o be_v deny_v before_o that_o they_o have_v the_o adjunct_n the_o reciprocation_n between_o homo_fw-la &_o animal_n risibile_fw-la be_v not_o at_o second_o hand_n 2_o this_o do_v not_o at_o all_o shake_v i_o but_o i_o stand_v on_o my_o ground_n still_o conceive_v that_o the_o church_n or_o ganize_v be_v the_o first_o subject_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n not_o that_o i_o make_v the_o people_n equal_a sharer_n in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n with_o the_o officer_n but_o what_o i_o mean_v i_o shall_v express_v afterward_o 3_o yet_o be_o i_o not_o satisfy_v nor_o can_v ever_o be_v that_o whatever_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n must_v needs_o be_v include_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n election_n i_o look_v at_o it_o only_o as_o potest_fw-la as_o circa_fw-la clave_n but_o not_o to_o be_v a_o power_n of_o they_o the_o text_n tell_v we_o the_o use_n of_o they_o what_o thou_o bind_v what_o thou_o lose_v to_o bind_v and_o to_o loose_v be_v the_o use_n of_o they_o but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o officer_n when_o as_o he_o may_v refuse_v their_o call_n or_o the_o call_v of_o any_o church_n how_o do_v they_o loose_v he_o or_o bound_v he_o electio_fw-la noncogit_fw-la for_o the_o other_o two_o thing_n admission_n and_o discipline_n those_o divine_n who_o say_v that_o baptism_n make_v man_n member_n of_o the_o church_n if_o they_o can_v prove_v this_o strong_o they_o will_v carry_v away_o the_o former_a scil_n that_o the_o people_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o admission_n of_o member_n for_o baptism_n make_v member_n now_o to_o this_o i_o can_v yet_o full_o agree_v there_o may_v be_v much_o say_v for_o the_o contrary_n i_o conceive_v the_o new_a england_n divine_n have_v speak_v well_o to_o this_o beside_o the_o opinion_n of_o m._n cartwright_n 12._o ans_fw-fr to_o 32._o qu._n p._n 12._o and_o ames_n who_o join_v with_o they_o so_o those_o divine_n who_o affirm_v the_o presbytery_n may_v excommunicate_v renitente_fw-la plebe_fw-la if_o they_o can_v prove_v it_o strong_o they_o will_v carry_v away_o the_o latter_a and_o then_o indeed_o its_o clear_a the_o people_n have_v no_o interest_n in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n but_o this_o neither_o can_v be_v admit_v and_o the_o stream_n of_o divine_n oppose_v this_o but_o though_o i_o yield_v the_o ministry_n can_v orderly_o do_v these_o thing_n without_o the_o people_n yet_o i_o deny_v the_o people_n do_v these_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o order_n that_o the_o ministry_n do_v they_o and_o therefore_o quaere_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o say_v the_o people_n have_v any_o power_n of_o the_o key_n for_o admission_n this_o will_v be_v more_o troublesome_a because_o we_o find_v no_o example_n of_o the_o church_n where_o the_o people_n do_v show_v their_o power_n in_o admission_n for_o that_o act_n of_o paul_n act_n 9.26_o 27._o whether_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v it_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o consideration_n they_o do_v not_o admit_v why_o they_o be_v afraid_a of_o he_o the_o text_n say_v be_v a_o persecutor_n than_o no_o wonder_n the_o apostle_n as_o well_o as_o the_o people_n be_v afraid_a of_o he_o the_o 27_o verse_n say_v barnabas_n carry_v paul_n to_o the_o apostle_n not_o to_o the_o people_n which_o will_v imply_v the_o apostle_n carry_v the_o stroke_n in_o admission_n further_o to_o search_v into_o this_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o ministry_n of_o the_o church_n of_o corinth_n preach_v a_o infidel_n hear_v they_o the_o man_n be_v so_o far_o convince_v of_o the_o vanity_n of_o his_o heathenism_n and_o danger_n of_o his_o sinful_a lust_n he_o wallow_v in_o and_o so_o far_o convince_v of_o the_o necessity_n of_o that_o doctrine_n which_o he_o hear_v that_o he_o renounce_v his_o idol_n reform_v his_o conversation_n etc._n etc._n now_o he_o come_v to_o the_o minister_n to_o signify_v what_o be_v do_v and_o what_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o church_n and_o be_v baptize_v be_v willing_a to_o give_v up_o himself_o to_o that_o doctrine_n the_o ministry_n instrumental_o have_v wrought_v this_o now_o what_o power_n have_v the_o people_n here_o to_o hinder_v this_o man_n be_v it_o at_o their_o choice_n whether_o they_o will_v admit_v he_o or_o no_o when_o the_o officer_n see_v what_o effect_n the_o preach_n have_v have_v here_o be_v a_o disciple_n make_v shall_v they_o be_v hinder_v from_o baptise_v he_o what_o power_n have_v the_o people_n here_o what_o shall_v they_o go_v first_o and_o examine_v he_o i_o know_v not_o where_o examination_n be_v ever_o give_v to_o the_o people_n must_v he_o make_v his_o profession_n of_o faith_n before_o all_o the_o church_n as_o victorinus_n that_o brave_a rhetorician_n 2._o aug._n con_n fe_n l_o 8._o c_o 2._o we_o find_v it_o be_v not_o their_o course_n to_o do_v so_o with_o all_o those_o who_o they_o admit_v for_o many_o do_v only_o to_o the_o presbyter_n this_o power_n indeed_o the_o brethren_n have_v that_o if_o any_o know_v this_o man_n to_o live_v in_o a_o know_a way_n of_o wickedness_n that_o can_v possible_o stand_v with_o any_o hope_n of_o faith_n to_o come_v and_o give_v in_o witness_n against_o such_o a_o person_n to_o the_o officer_n i_o suppose_v this_o will_v be_v yield_v and_o the_o officer_n will_v not_o now_o baptize_v he_o but_o what_o power_n more_o they_o have_v i_o know_v not_o they_o see_v his_o conversation_n and_o can_v testify_v of_o that_o but_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o people_n choice_n whether_o they_o will_v admit_v a_o man_n or_o not_o when_o the_o word_n have_v have_v so_o much_o power_n and_o they_o can_v bring_v in_o sufficient_a objection_n to_o the_o contrary_n put_v case_n the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o church_n have_v drink_v in_o some_o error_n that_o a_o major_a part_n may_v do_v so_o have_v be_v prove_v in_o our_o time_n and_o they_o will_v not_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o man_n if_o they_o find_v he_o not_o of_o their_o opinion_n common_o those_o who_o have_v drink_v in_o error_n use_v to_o look_v untoward_o upon_o those_o who_o be_v contrary_v know_v the_o minister_n have_v no_o power_n to_o admit_v this_o man_n nor_o baptize_v he_o though_o they_o see_v he_o have_v right_a to_o it_o but_o i_o leave_v that_o for_o discipline_n i_o conceive_v renitente_fw-la plebe_fw-la the_o eldership_n shall_v not_o excommunicate_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o do_v so_o indeed_o if_o the_o people_n will_v hold_v communion_n but_o yet_o this_o do_v not_o argue_v that_o the_o people_n do_v here_o act_v as_o do_v the_o eldership_n for_o the_o eldership_n do_v it_o authoritatiuè_fw-la the_o people_n by_o a_o popular_a consent_n with_o the_o officer_n that_o the_o person_n be_v excommunicate_a the_o people_n do_v act_v here_o obediential_o to_o their_o officer_n therefore_o a_o vast_a difference_n be_v between_o they_o i_o remember_v a_o passage_n of_o mr._n hooker_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o divine_n when_o a_o case_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o elder_n the_o elder_n have_v search_v all_o thing_n to_o the_o bottom_n now_o the_o elder_n bring_v the_o case_n to_o the_o fraternity_n and_o lay_v it_o down_o clear_a before_o they_o this_o be_v the_o case_n and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v now_o say_v he_o the_o people_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v we_o as_o well_o as_o when_o we_o preach_v and_o it_o be_v clear_a for_o as_o in_o preach_v they_o discover_v the_o mind_n of_o god_n so_o in_o this_o sentence_n they_o declare_v the_o same_o concern_v this_o act_n 15_o key_n 15_o 2_o cor._n 10.6_o we_o have_v in_o readiness_n to_o revenge_v all_o disobedience_n when_o your_o obedience_n be_v fulfil_v mr._n cotton_n say_v the_o apostle_n revenge_n of_o disobedience_n by_o way_n of_o reproof_n in_o preach_v do_v not_o follow_v the_o people_n obedience_n but_o
your_o book_n say_v otherwise_o and_o you_o know_v what_o both_o our_o ancient_n and_o modern_a divine_n have_v affirm_v in_o this_o point_n and_o therefore_o i_o quote_v none_o i_o do_v not_o mention_v election_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o people_n for_o that_o have_v nothing_o of_o government_n in_o it_o and_o this_o you_o give_v full_o but_o if_o you_o grant_v i_o the_o three_o former_a head_n than_o which_o way_n you_o will_v prove_v the_o government_n to_o be_v aristocratical_a the_o same_o way_n i_o shall_v i_o have_v speak_v to_o this_o before_o and_o therefore_o conclude_v with_o chamy_n and_o other_o the_o government_n be_v aristocratical_a obj._n but_o how_o can_v this_o be_v if_o the_o people_n will_v not_o consent_v how_o be_v they_o govern_v answ_n put_v case_n jonathan_n have_v be_v indeed_o a_o great_a malefactor_n and_o saul_n will_v have_v have_v he_o legal_o and_o just_o put_v to_o death_n but_o the_o people_n will_v not_o consent_v to_o their_o king_n but_o rescue_n jonathan_n shall_v we_o hence_o conclude_v ergo_fw-la the_o government_n of_o israel_n be_v not_o monarchical_a the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o here_o now_o i_o be_o upon_o this_o head_n i_o shall_v desire_v to_o make_v a_o little_a digression_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o any_o more_o head_n mr._n edward_n in_o a_o sermon_n at_o colchester_n lay_v down_o this_o thesis_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o tyrannical_a government_n in_o any_o church_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o be_v in_o the_o independent_a church_n he_o prove_v it_o thus_o they_o carry_v all_o thing_n by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n and_o if_o all_o do_v not_o consent_v they_o will_v censure_v they_o how_o he_o will_v prove_v this_o a_o special_a example_n in_o the_o church_n of_o boston_n in_o new_a england_n when_o they_o excommunicate_v mrs._n hutchison_n because_o her_o own_o son_n do_v not_o join_v in_o the_o cast_n out_o of_o his_o own_o mother_n he_o be_v likewise_o censure_v a_o unnatural_a thing_n say_v he_o and_o so_o carry_v it_o that_o both_o his_o own_o friend_n and_o other_o minister_n who_o be_v stranger_n think_v he_o be_v also_o excommunicate_v as_o they_o tell_v i_o when_o i_o speak_v with_o they_o the_o story_n do_v something_o concern_v the_o head_n i_o be_o upon_o and_o therefore_o i_o make_v bold_a to_o insert_v it_o here_o i_o be_v a_o little_a trouble_v at_o the_o passage_n know_v well_o how_o thing_n be_v carry_v be_v present_a at_o that_o time_n and_o so_o take_v occasion_n some_o few_o week_n after_o to_o give_v a_o bare_a narrative_a how_o the_o thing_n be_v carry_v with_o so_o much_o meekness_n i_o be_o sure_a as_o none_o can_v accuse_v i_o the_o sum_n be_v this_o when_o all_o way_n according_a to_o the_o word_n have_v be_v try_v with_o mrs._n hutchison_n to_o recall_v she_o but_o none_o will_v prevail_v the_o question_n be_v put_v to_o the_o church_n to_o manifest_v consent_n for_o her_o excommunication_n her_o son_n and_o son-in-law_n one_o more_o than_o mr._n edward_n mention_v stand_v up_o to_o put_v some_o stop_n in_o the_o way_n have_v they_o sit_v still_o as_o any_o body_n will_v have_v expect_v though_o they_o have_v suspend_v their_o vote_n i_o know_v not_o who_o will_v have_v speak_v one_o word_n to_o they_o mr._n cotton_n rise_v up_o and_o give_v they_o a_o grave_a admonition_n that_o though_o their_o natural_a affection_n may_v now_o work_v for_o which_o he_o do_v not_o blame_v they_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v they_o prefer_v their_o mother_n before_o christ_n nor_o hinder_v their_o mother_n from_o that_o ordinance_n which_o may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o save_v her_o soul_n with_o these_o word_n they_o both_o sit_v down_o they_o never_o have_v any_o other_o censure_n if_o this_o be_v a_o censure_n and_o the_o church_n proceed_v in_o her_o excommunication_n now_o i_o appeal_v unto_o all_o to_o judge_v where_o be_v the_o tyranny_n in_o this_o act_n yet_o though_o i_o carry_v this_o with_o all_o mildness_n this_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n why_o mr._n edward_n rake_v up_o all_o he_o can_v against_o i_o and_o put_v it_o into_o print_n even_o such_o thing_n as_o never_o be_v in_o my_o thought_n but_o here_o you_o may_v see_v they_o stand_v not_o upon_o the_o suffrage_n of_o all_o the_o people_n five_o do_v the_o classical-man_n call_v for_o synod_n so_o do_v the_o congregational-man_n mr._n cotton_n keyes_n c._n 6._o mr._n norton_n respon_n ad_fw-la apollon_n p._n 112._o etc._n etc._n and_o certain_o they_o be_v man_n of_o strange_a spirit_n who_o deny_v synod_n to_o be_v useful_a and_o no_o ordinance_n of_o god_n i_o doubt_v he_o do_v not_o well_o consider_v what_o his_o pen_n let_v drop_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o posterity_n that_o he_o never_o see_v any_o good_a that_o come_v by_o any_o synod_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n a_o great_a clerk_n indeed_o he_o be_v but_o sure_o the_o man_n be_v in_o some_o passion_n i_o be_o sure_a i_o have_v know_v the_o contrary_a much_o good_a come_v by_o synod_n but_o some_o of_o our_o independent_o snutch_v up_o this_o sentence_n of_o he_o as_o if_o it_o be_v apostolical_a this_o be_v the_o difference_n say_v the_o congregational-man_n the_o synod_n bind_v directiuè_fw-la non_fw-la juridicè_fw-la the_o classical_a will_v have_v both_o when_o i_o observe_v what_o both_o side_n speak_v of_o synod_n methinks_v this_o can_v be_v no_o such_o matter_n of_o difference_n the_o classical_a brethren_n say_v 23_o lond._n vind._n p._n 23_o all_z the_o determination_n even_o of_o nationall_n synod_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v no_o further_o than_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o that_o a_o synod_n est_fw-la judex_fw-la judicandus_fw-la that_o congregation_n be_v to_o examine_v with_o the_o judgement_n of_o discretion_n what_o be_v send_v to_o they_o from_o synod_n mr._n rutherford_n say_v 322._o peac._n plea._n p._n 322._o the_o act_n of_o the_o assembly_n oblige_v all_o the_o absent_v not_o present_a in_o all_o their_o member_n not_o because_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o church_n but_o because_o of_o the_o matter_n which_o be_v necessary_a and_o agreeable_a to_o god_n word_n that_o people_n may_v not_o examine_v decree_n of_o their_o synod_n according_a to_o god_n word_n that_o people_n may_v not_o reason_n or_o speak_v in_o their_o synod_n 246._o ib._n p._n 246._o we_o acknowledge_v no_o such_o synod_n this_o latter_a need_v a_o little_a fence_n otherwise_o we_o shall_v have_v confusion_n enough_o our_o church_n in_o new_a england_n choose_v out_o of_o every_o church_n two_o of_o the_o able_a of_o the_o private_a brethren_n and_o send_v they_o as_o their_o messenger_n these_o indeed_o have_v liberty_n to_o speak_v and_o propound_v doubt_n in_o the_o synod_n but_o it_o be_v not_o leave_v free_a for_o any_o body_n to_o speak_v that_o will_v mr._n gillespie_n state_n a_o question_n suppose_v a_o scandalous_a person_n will_v come_v to_o the_o sacrament_n 478_o aar_n rod._n 477_o 478_o the_o minister_n know_v he_o to_o be_v so_o advise_v the_o eldership_n to_o join_v with_o he_o and_o do_v their_o duty_n in_o keep_v this_o person_n away_o it_o may_v be_v they_o refuse_v appeal_v be_v make_v to_o high_a assembly_n classis_fw-la synod_n etc._n etc._n they_o it_o may_v be_v will_v judge_v he_o fit_a for_o the_o sacrament_n this_o be_v their_o sentence_n must_v this_o minister_n now_o obey_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o classis_fw-la or_o synod_n his_o determination_n be_v that_o the_o minister_n be_v clear_a in_o his_o conscience_n and_o the_o matter_n of_o scandal_n sufficient_o prove_v he_o must_v not_o do_v a_o unlawful_a act_n in_o obedience_n to_o man_n but_o follow_v the_o rule_n 1_o tim._n 5.22_o keep_v thyself_o pure_a his_o conscience_n illuminate_v by_o god_n word_n be_v a_o rule_n to_o he_o of_o his_o own_o personal_a act_n or_o not_o act_v come_v to_o the_o congregational-man_n mr._n cotton_n say_v 25_o key_n p._n 25_o we_o dare_v not_o say_v that_o the_o power_n of_o a_o synod_n reach_v no_o further_a than_o the_o give_a counsel_n they_o bound_v burden_n they_o bound_v not_o only_o material_o but_o formal_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o synod_n see_v more_o p._n 53_o 54._o neither_o do_v i_o see_v that_o our_o reverend_a divine_n in_o their_o preface_n to_o that_o book_n do_v oppose_v mr._n cotton_n for_o say_v they_o in_fw-la lay_v down_o mr._n cotton_v judgement_n christ_n have_v not_o furnish_v they_o only_o with_o ability_n to_o give_v counsel_n but_o with_o a_o ministerial_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o determine_v declare_v and_o enjoin_v such_o thing_n as_o may_v tend_v to_o reduce_v such_o congregation_n to_o right_a order_n and_o peace_n but_o be_v there_o authority_n it_o may_v be_v my_o shallowness_n but_o for_o the_o present_a i_o do_v not_o call_v to_o mind_v
that_o though_o there_o be_v officer_n in_o a_o church_n yet_o the_o people_n may_v ordain_v which_o i_o be_o sure_a those_o divine_n who_o be_v for_o the_o people_n power_n in_o ordination_n will_v never_o admit_v be_v cross_a to_o their_o own_o principle_n and_o scripture_n 4_o we_o find_v in_o the_o eleven_o verse_n that_o after_o that_o be_v do_v aaron_n do_v wave_v these_o levite_n before_o the_o lord_n so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o complete_a till_o aaron_n have_v do_v his_o act_n whence_o i_o remember_v learned_a master_n cotton_n in_o his_o discourse_n with_o i_o say_v the_o people_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o do_v but_o answer_v to_o the_o people_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o new_a testament_n and_o aaron_n wave_v of_o they_o do_v answer_v to_o our_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o clause_n only_o i_o remember_v but_o he_o have_v a_o large_a answer_n which_o i_o take_v from_o he_o in_o discourse_n by_o which_o i_o remember_v he_o do_v enervate_a this_o objection_n but_o i_o lose_v his_o note_n with_o all_o my_o other_o help_n in_o my_o shipwreck_n these_o man_n call_v for_o precept_n and_o example_n give_v you_o we_o one_o for_o this_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n for_o you_o put_v we_o to_o that_o also_o we_o must_v give_v you_o they_o out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n yea_o iwould_v go_v further_o and_o desire_v they_o to_o give_v i_o one_o examplein_n the_o first_o six_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n that_o ever_o the_o people_n do_v ordain_v their_o minister_n now_o this_o be_v strange_a to_o i_o that_o we_o can_v find_v no_o foot-step_n of_o any_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o scripture_n nor_o in_o the_o age_n next_o and_o yet_o that_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o so_o frequent_a that_o they_o must_v ordain_v most_o frequent_o for_o if_o every_o particular_a church_n be_v independent_a as_o now_o such_o a_o church_n where_o i_o be_o in_o a_o small_a village_n where_o the_o maintenance_n will_v not_o keep_v one_o minister_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v sure_o we_o can_v have_v more_o minister_n then_o if_o the_o minister_n remove_v or_o die_v if_o there_o come_v a_o new_a minister_n the_o people_n must_v ever_o ordain_v thus_o it_o must_v be_v in_o most_o place_n in_o england_n few_o will_v be_v except_v 2_o justin_n mart._n apol_n 2_o and_o if_o every_o new_a election_n must_v have_v a_o new_a ordination_n than_o it_o must_v always_o be_v in_o the_o people_n power_n in_o the_o primitive_a time_n there_o be_v church_n in_o city_n and_o village_n but_o that_o the_o christian_n in_o village_n do_v ordain_v their_o officer_n i_o will_v glad_o see_v that_o prove_v ordination_n in_o those_o time_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o continue_a succession_n the_o apostle_n ordain_v some_o minister_n those_o ordain_o other_o so_o downward_o but_o never_o by_o the_o people_n learned_a dr._n 6_o ●ell_o enter_fw-mi to_o 2._o l._n 3._o c._n 2._o s_o 6_o ames_n seem_v to_o answer_v this_o for_o whereas_o bellarmine_n have_v say_v in_o novo_fw-la testamento_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la mentio_fw-la fit_a manunm_fw-la impositionis_fw-la semper_fw-la ea_fw-la apostolis_n caeterisque_fw-la episcapis_fw-la nunquàm_fw-la vero_fw-la plebi_fw-la tribuitur_fw-la the_o doctor_n answer_v to_o this_o in_o historiâ_fw-la novi_fw-la testamenti_fw-la exempla_fw-la babemus_fw-la constitutionis_fw-la ministerii_fw-la &_o ejusdem_fw-la etiam_fw-la conservationis_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la restaurationis_fw-la ejus_fw-la aut_fw-la reformationis_fw-la post_fw-la generalem_fw-la apostasiam_fw-la omne_fw-la igitur_fw-la quae_fw-la pertinent_a ad_fw-la plebem_fw-la fidelem_fw-la in_fw-la tali_fw-la casu_fw-la non_fw-la representantur_fw-la ibi_fw-la certis_fw-la exemplis_fw-la however_o these_o word_n seem_v to_o carry_v it_o as_o if_o the_o doctor_n do_v hold_v that_o the_o people_n have_v this_o power_n in_o a_o general_a apostasy_n yet_o i_o question_v whether_o the_o doctor_n will_v look_v upon_o the_o church_n of_o england_n now_o under_o such_o a_o notion_n neither_o will_v he_o deny_v the_o ordination_n of_o our_o minister_n to_o be_v valid_a for_o substance_n but_o yet_o hear_v one_o may_v cast_v in_o something_o in_o time_n of_o reformation_n it_o may_v be_v he_o say_v 1_o to_o reform_v the_o minister_n be_v to_o form_n it_o now_o as_o it_o be_v first_o form_v but_o the_o ministry_n be_v not_o at_o first_o form_v by_o the_o people_n ergo_fw-la the_o ministry_n can_v be_v now_o reform_v by_o the_o people_n i_o think_v the_o major_n will_v not_o be_v deny_v for_o the_o minor_a let_v any_o prove_v that_o according_a to_o this_o some_o will_v say_v we_o must_v have_v apostle_n they_o form_v the_o minister_n first_o we_o speak_v of_o ordination_n i_o say_v non_fw-la sequitur_fw-la unless_o you_o can_v prove_v the_o apostle_n ordain_v only_o quâ_fw-la apostle_n if_o so_o i_o know_v not_o how_o those_o minister_n who_o the_o apostle_n do_v ordain_v can_v ordain_v other_o but_o to_o be_v sure_a they_o do_v 2_o i_o desire_n a_o text_n of_o scripture_n that_o hold_v out_o this_o that_o the_o people_n may_v ordain_v in_o a_o general_a apostasy_n 3_o i_o doubt_v we_o shall_v rare_o find_v such_o time_n when_o there_o be_v a_o society_n of_o godly_a christian_n to_o ordain_v but_o there_o be_v some_o minister_n also_o ordinary_o there_o be_v minister_n who_o teach_v this_o people_n 4_o it_o will_v be_v a_o question_n whether_o the_o apostasy_n have_v be_v such_o as_o to_o require_v this_o for_o if_o baptism_n be_v not_o repeat_v but_o be_v think_v valid_a though_o administer_v by_o a_o romish_a minister_n because_o he_o be_v set_v apart_o to_o the_o work_n and_o keep_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o ordinance_n why_o may_v not_o the_o ordination_n administer_v by_o those_o minister_n hold_v as_o well_o 2_o a_o second_o ground_n that_o make_v i_o doubt_n be_v this_o it_o seem_v strange_a to_o i_o that_o christ_n shall_v appoint_v extraordinary_a officer_n and_o make_v that_o a_o part_n of_o their_o work_n which_o the_o people_n themselves_o may_v do_v paul_n leave_v titus_n to_o ordain_v but_o what_o need_v that_o the_o people_n may_v well_o say_v what_o need_n paul_n leave_v titus_n to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o can_v do_v ourselves_o frustra_fw-la fit_a per_fw-la plura_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o apostle_n never_o need_v but_o to_o preach_v and_o convert_v the_o people_n to_o the_o faith_n when_o they_o have_v do_v so_o they_o shall_v have_v say_v we_o have_v now_o do_v our_o work_n bring_v you_o to_o be_v believer_n you_o may_v now_o elect_v a_o officer_n and_o ordain_v he_o yourselves_o the_o power_n be_v you_o only_o here_o will_v have_v be_v some_o trouble_n about_o baptise_v since_o than_o i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v part_n of_o their_o office_n than_o i_o can_v believe_v this_o be_v the_o people_n work_n paul_n may_v easy_o have_v leave_v we_o a_o precedent_n in_o some_o society_n of_o christian_n that_o will_v have_v quiet_v all_o our_o dispute_n more_o may_v be_v say_v and_o be_v say_v by_o other_o but_o i_o see_v our_o new_a england_n divine_v do_v almost_o yield_v it_o by_o give_v power_n to_o some_o minister_n to_o ordain_v in_o other_o congregation_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v draw_v from_o scripture_n by_o precept_n or_o example_n to_o prove_v this_o hence_o some_o will_v draw_v it_o out_o by_o argument_n those_o who_o can_v do_v the_o great_a may_v do_v the_o less_o the_o people_n can_v do_v the_o great_a viz._n elect_v ergo_fw-la the_o minor_a be_v as_o free_o deny_v as_o it_o be_v affirm_v election_n be_v not_o the_o great_a scripture-light_n be_v judge_n that_o be_v the_o design_n i_o doubt_v of_o make_v ordination_n but_o a_o adjunct_n for_o so_o indeed_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v if_o election_n give_v the_o essence_n and_o this_o only_o be_v a_o adjunct_n the_o people_n may_v well_o ordain_v yea_o and_o in_o a_o church_n where_o there_o be_v officer_n to_o ordain_v i_o know_v not_o why_o they_o who_o give_v the_o essence_n may_v not_o give_v the_o adjunct_n why_o shall_v a_o adjunct_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o officer_n only_o in_o that_o church_n when_o the_o essence_n do_v not_o belong_v to_o they_o 10._o mr._n n._n w._n omnis_fw-la quaestio_fw-la non_fw-la per_fw-la aliud_fw-la quod_fw-la quaeritur_fw-la babebit_fw-la resolutionem_fw-la nec_fw-la ambiguitas_fw-la per_fw-la ambiguitatem_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la elaris_fw-la manifestis_fw-la etc._n etc._n irenae_n l._n 2._o c._n 10._o further_o than_o as_o member_n they_o join_v with_o the_o people_n for_o so_o it_o seem_v the_o officer_n elect_v as_o member_n and_o if_o you_o do_v elect_v only_o as_o member_n why_o shall_v you_o not_o also_o ordain_v as_o member_n for_o election_n be_v the_o great_a this_o the_o less_o the_o other_o argument_n be_v the_o people_n be_v the_o first_o subject_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n ergo_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o easy_o yield_v it_o be_v a_o
witty_a speech_n of_o he_o let_v the_o elder_n keep_v the_o key_n and_o the_o people_n the_o keyclog_n it_o prove_v so_o too_o often_o what_o our_o divine_n have_v say_v about_o it_o be_v well_o know_v i_o think_v they_o have_v batter_v this_o notion_n pretty_a well_o augustine_n sometime_o be_v quote_v for_o this_o opinion_n but_o i_o be_o confident_a it_o be_v never_o in_o augustine_n thought_n in_o evan._n joan._n tract_n 50._o tract_n 124._o i_o be_o mistake_v if_o he_o be_v not_o rather_o for_o the_o catholic_n church_n by_o his_o word_n especial_o in_o the_o latter_a place_n quote_v not_o mention_v what_o other_o divine_n have_v speak_v there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o thing_n that_o have_v make_v i_o doubt_v of_o this_o so_o as_o i_o never_o do_v thorough_o close_a with_o this_o notion_n when_o i_o be_v but_o a_o private_a member_n of_o a_o church_n 1._o that_o which_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la subjectum_fw-la be_v the_o proprium_fw-la subjectum_fw-la none_o doubt_n of_o this_o proprium_fw-la subjectum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la svo_fw-la accident_n reciprocatur_fw-la animal_n est_fw-la proprium_fw-la subjectum_fw-la sensus_fw-la homo_fw-la risus_fw-la hence_o we_o say_v omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la risibilis_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la risibile_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la this_o be_v axioma_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o every_o axiom_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d do_v include_v in_o it_o the_o rule_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o the_o predicate_a be_v true_a de_fw-fr omni_fw-la subjecto_fw-la omni_fw-la loco_fw-la omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la this_o be_v true_a of_o animal_n &_o sensus_fw-la so_o it_o must_v be_v true_a of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n and_o the_o fraternity_n omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la but_o if_o we_o find_v the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n exercise_v before_o there_o be_v a_o fraternity_n than_o there_o be_v some_o other_o subject_n before_o the_o fraternity_n when_o paul_n come_v to_o corinth_n he_o preach_v authoritatiuè_fw-la ergo_fw-la there_o be_v the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n in_o some_o subject_n but_o the_o fratemity_n be_v nonens_a at_o this_o time_n how_o then_o can_v they_o be_v the_o subject_n those_o who_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n be_v not_o the_o first_o subject_n that_o be_v clear_a but_o the_o fraternity_n be_v the_o effect_n it_o be_v so_o in_o all_o the_o church_n which_o the_o apostle_n gather_v and_o be_v indeed_o to_o this_o day_n this_o be_v one_o argument_n trouble_v i_o so_o that_o which_o be_v primum_fw-la be_v immediatum_fw-la subjectum_fw-la but_o how_o can_v this_o be_v since_o mediantibus_fw-la apostolis_n and_o so_o now_o mediantibus_fw-la ministris_fw-la the_o fraternity_n be_v make_v the_o elector_n be_v before_o the_o elect_a its_o true_a of_o christ_n who_o elect_v the_o apostle_n and_o give_v to_o they_o the_o key_n from_o who_o by_o a_o continue_a succession_n of_o minister_n still_o the_o fratemity_n be_v make_v but_o have_v not_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n have_v some_o effect_n there_o have_v not_o be_v a_o fraternity_n to_o choose_v a_o officer_n though_o they_o be_v now_o in_o time_n before_o he_o who_o they_o now_o elect_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o before_o he_o or_o they_o quâ_fw-la fratres_fw-la who_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n in_o the_o ministry_n make_v they_o capable_a to_o choose_v a_o officer_n therefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n be_v in_o some_o subject_n before_o they_o beside_o election_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n 20._o doma_fw-la log_n p._n 461._o kecke_n sy_v log_n l._n 2._o c._n 20._o therefore_o to_o argue_v the_o people_n elect_v ergo_fw-la they_o be_v the_o first_o subject_n etc._n etc._n be_v fallacia_fw-la non_fw-la causae_fw-la procansâ_fw-la causae_fw-la nomen_fw-la hic_fw-la usurpat_fw-la ur_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la vis_fw-la argumento_fw-la take_v that_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o power_n which_o be_v not_o 2_o if_o so_o that_o which_o be_v primum_fw-la est_fw-la absolutum_fw-la subjectum_fw-la cvi_fw-la accidens_fw-la absolutè_fw-la sint_fw-la ulla_fw-la limitatione_n partis_fw-la inharet_fw-la sic_fw-la animal_n est_fw-la absolutum_fw-la subjectum_fw-la sensus_fw-la adeoque_fw-la visus_fw-la &_o auditus_fw-la ideoque_fw-la tantum_fw-la animal_n dicitur_fw-la rectê_fw-la videre_fw-la &_o audire_fw-la oculus_fw-la non_fw-la videt_fw-la propriè_fw-la quia_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n quando_fw-la ergo_fw-la oculus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la videre_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la subjectiuè_fw-la intelligendum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la instrumentaliter_fw-la quod_fw-la animal_n videat_fw-la per_fw-la oculum_fw-la to_o apply_v this_o to_o our_o case_n the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n be_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n so_o the_o power_n of_o preach_v &c._n &c._n there_o be_v the_o power_n subjectiuè_fw-fr &_o propriè_fw-la so_o that_o if_o we_o ask_v who_o preach_v to_o day_n we_o must_v answer_v properly_z and_o subjective_o the_o people_n preach_v but_o instrumental_o only_o the_o pastor_n preach_v so_o for_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n this_o be_v very_o harsh_a hence_o again_o because_o animal_n videt_fw-la if_o a_o man_n die_v or_o beast_n the_o eye_n which_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o see_v except_v it_o may_v be_v the_o dissipation_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n else_o as_o a_o organ_n it_o remain_v entire_a in_o the_o coat_n humour_n and_o optic_a nerve_n but_o yet_o it_o see_v not_o so_o it_o seem_v a_o minister_n in_o case_n his_o body_n the_o people_n shall_v die_v he_o be_v but_o the_o instrument_n of_o their_o preach_n he_o can_v preach_v no_o more_o this_o be_v strange_a how_o do_v they_o preach_v out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n ordinaty_o if_o the_o man_n die_v and_o only_a woman_n and_o child_n be_v leave_v the_o officer_n have_v lose_v his_o preach_n and_o can_v preach_v to_o they_o authoritative_o because_o the_o fraternity_n in_o who_o the_o power_n be_v subjectiuè_a be_v dead_a 3_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o seven_o have_v be_v esteem_v enough_o to_o make_v a_o church_n suppose_v now_o one_o of_o these_o shall_v offend_v another_o of_o the_o seven_o he_o must_v deal_v with_o he_o if_o he_o will_v not_o hear_v he_o must_v take_v two_o more_o here_o be_v four_o of_o the_o seven_o if_o he_o will_v not_o hear_v they_o tell_v the_o church_n that_o be_v the_o three_o leave_v the_o rest_n be_v party_n some_o to_o prove_v that_o mat._n 16._o to_o thou_o i_o give_v the_o key_n must_v be_v mean_v the_o fraternity_n say_v that_o to_o thou_o here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o mat._n 18._o but_o this_o be_v somewhat_o doubt_v for_o that_o in_o mat._n 18._o may_v well_o be_v mean_v of_o a_o particular_a church_n 278._o the_o visible_a church_n be_v here_o mean_v say_v mr._n hoober_n sur._n p._n 278._o but_o in_o this_o place_n the_o church_n must_v be_v mean_v of_o the_o catholic_a visible_a church_n for_o it_o must_v be_v such_o a_o church_n as_o must_v not_o fail_v but_o particular_a church_n may_v this_o or_o that_o particular_a church_n i_o mean_v 2_o but_o suppose_v i_o the_o so_o yet_o why_o must_v that_o mat._n 18._o be_v mean_v only_o of_o the_o fraternity_n tell_v the_o church_n i._n e._n the_o fraternity_n if_o he_o will_v not_o hear_v the_o church_n i._n e._n the_o fraternity_n where_o be_v the_o officer_n be_v they_o no_o body_n one_o in_o new_a england_n will_v needs_o know_v of_o i_o why_o they_o shall_v tell_v the_o minister_n of_o it_o when_o as_o it_o be_v tell_v the_o church_n not_o the_o minister_n this_o indeed_o will_v confirm_v it_o and_o here_o we_o shall_v have_v brave_a order_n mr._n 6._o vind._n vin_fw-fr p._n 6._o cawdry_n upon_o that_o text_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o good_a argument_n since_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n be_v there_o mean_v the_o church_n the_o key_n be_v give_v to_o peter_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o church_n it_o be_v not_o a_o reasonable_a construction_n say_v he_o of_o the_o text_n to_o say_v i_o give_v to_o thou_o the_o key_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n that_o be_v of_o the_o church_n and_o to_o mean_v i_o give_v to_o the_o church_n the_o key_n of_o the_o church_n whence_o he_o conclude_v they_o be_v give_v to_o peter_n and_o so_o to_o the_o officer_n for_o the_o church_n as_o the_o key_n be_v give_v to_o the_o steward_n for_o the_o family_n this_o argument_n be_v worth_a the_o answer_v object_n the_o strong_a objection_n to_o i_o be_v this_o the_o first_o subject_n take_v up_o the_o whole_a adjunct_n for_o there_o be_v a_o reciprocation_n therefore_o the_o presbytery_n can_v be_v the_o first_o subject_n for_o the_o key_n be_v not_o reciprocate_v with_o they_o instance_n be_v give_v in_o election_n admission_n of_o member_n discipline_n which_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o the_o fraternity_n answ_n if_o reciprocation_n be_v so_o require_v etc._n etc._n then_o this_o will_n as_o well_o deny_v the_o people_n to_o be_v first_o