their_o king_n inviolable_a while_o they_o live_v and_o also_o deter_v they_o from_o break_v their_o oath_n and_o promise_n by_o the_o fear_n of_o a_o dishonourable_a interment_n be_v dead_a the_o king_n of_o epirus_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v oath_n that_o they_o will_v rule_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o their_o subject_n likewise_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o defend_v both_o he_o and_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o same_o law_n as_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o in_o the_o life_n of_o pyrrhus_n nay_o further_o suppose_v a_o king_n shall_v accept_v of_o his_o kingdom_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v falsify_v his_o promise_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o kingdom_n yet_o be_v his_o power_n supreme_a only_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o will_v be_v so_o much_o impair_v by_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o will_v make_v that_o government_n not_o much_o better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v temporary_a it_o be_v say_v by_o agatharchides_n concern_v a_o king_n of_o the_o sabaean_n that_o he_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o give_v any_o account_n of_o his_o action_n as_o king_n and_o yet_o if_o ever_o he_o be_v see_v out_o of_o his_o own_o palace_n he_o may_v be_v stone_v to_o death_n just_o which_o strabo_n also_o note_v out_o of_o artemidorus_n so_o that_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v upon_o condition_n of_o some_o trust_n to_o be_v perform_v be_v hold_v as_o sully_v during_o the_o performance_n of_o that_o trust_n as_o that_o which_o be_v hold_v absolute_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o it_o may_v be_v lose_v and_o such_o a_o conditional_a law_n may_v be_v add_v not_o only_o in_o confer_v of_o a_o kingdom_n but_o in_o any_o other_o contract_n for_o some_o league_n with_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n we_o see_v enter_v into_o under_o such_o penalty_n as_o in_o case_n a_o king_n be_v at_o his_o admission_n swear_v shall_v break_v his_o article_n of_o agreement_n his_o subject_n shall_v not_o help_v he_o no_o nor_o obey_v he_o so_o crommerus_n testify_v in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n ch._n 19_o &_o 21._o xvii_o it_o may_v sometime_o be_v divide_v the_o four_o thing_n be_v this_o that_o though_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v but_o one_o and_o of_o itself_o indivisible_a consist_v of_o those_o part_n above_o mention_v add_v thereunto_o supremacy_n that_o be_v the_o be_v accountable_a to_o none_o yet_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o sometime_o it_o may_v be_v divide_v either_o by_o part_n which_o they_o call_v potential_a or_o by_o part_n which_o they_o term_v subjective_n as_o though_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v but_o one_o entire_a thing_n yet_o it_o so_o sell_v out_o sometime_o that_o one_o hold_v the_o eastern_a and_o another_o the_o western_a part_n of_o it_o or_o that_o three_o sometime_o divide_v the_o whole_a between_o they_o so_o also_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o people_n elect_v a_o king_n may_v reserve_v some_o act_n to_o themselves_o and_o transfer_v other_o to_o their_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o full_a right_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o do_v as_o i_o show_v before_o whensoever_o the_o king_n shall_v oblige_v himself_o by_o some_o promise_n but_o then_o only_o when_o either_o the_o partition_n be_v express_o make_v as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n probus_n when_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o senate_n shall_v confirm_v the_o prince_n law_n 157._o vid._n gail_n lib._n 2._o obs_n 157._o and_o that_o they_o may_v take_v cognizance_n of_o appeal_n appoint_v proconsul_n and_o give_v legate_n unto_o the_o consul_n or_o when_o the_o people_n be_v as_o yet_o free_a shall_v require_v it_o from_o he_o who_o they_o choose_v to_o be_v their_o king_n by_o way_n of_o a_o permanent_a law_n or_o precept_n or_o if_o some_o such_o thing_n be_v add_v whereby_o it_o may_v plain_o be_v understand_v that_o their_o king_n may_v be_v compel_v or_o punish_v if_o he_o refuse_v compel_v to_o command_v argue_v a_o superior_a but_o not_o to_o compel_v for_o a_o precept_n or_o command_n be_v common_o from_o a_o superior_a at_o least_o in_o that_o which_o be_v command_v but_o to_o compel_v do_v not_o always_o argue_v a_o superior_a for_o natural_o every_o man_n have_v power_n to_o compel_v his_o debtor_n to_o do_v he_o justice_n but_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o inferior_a and_o therefore_o from_o compulsion_n there_o must_v natural_o follow_v at_o least_o a_o parity_n and_o consequent_o a_o division_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n many_o allegation_n be_v usual_o bring_v against_o this_o bipartite_a state_n but_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v in_o civilibus_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la omni_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la incommodis_fw-la caret_fw-la &_o jus_n non_fw-la quod_fw-la optimum_fw-la est_fw-la huic_fw-la aut_fw-la illi_fw-la videtur_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la voluntate_fw-la ejus_fw-la unde_fw-la jus_o oritur_fw-la metiendum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o civil_a matter_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o provide_v against_o all_o inconvenience_n no_o one_o law_n can_v exact_o fit_v every_o man_n case_n no_o more_o than_o any_o one_o shoe_n can_v fit_v every_o man_n foot_n neither_o be_v any_o thing_n account_v right_o by_o seem_v so_o to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n but_o by_o the_o will_n of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o lawmaker_n a_o excellent_a example_n of_o this_o be_v bring_v by_o plato_n in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o law_n for_o when_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la have_v build_v argus_n lacedaemon_n and_o messena_n they_o oblige_v their_o king_n to_o govern_v they_o according_a to_o law_n prescribe_v they_o which_o while_o they_o do_v the_o people_n also_o be_v oblige_v to_o continue_v their_o kingdom_n unto_o they_o and_o to_o their_o posterity_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v any_o man_n to_o take_v they_o from_o they_o and_o for_o the_o better_a assurance_n of_o this_o agreement_n not_o only_o the_o king_n bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n to_o their_o king_n but_o the_o king_n bind_v themselves_o each_o to_o other_o and_o the_o people_n of_o their_o respective_a king_n one_o to_o another_o and_o the_o king_n give_v their_o faith_n to_o their_o neighbour_a people_n and_o those_o people_n to_o their_o neighbour_a king_n each_o king_n and_o people_n promise_v their_o mutual_a aid_n and_o assistance_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o government_n establish_v among_o they_o many_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o our_o northern_a nation_n as_o in_o johannes_n magnus_n his_o history_n of_o sweden_n and_o in_o crantzius_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o pontanus_n of_o the_o dane_n xviii_o which_o be_v ill_o collect_v from_o this_o that_o some_o prince_n will_v have_v their_o act_n confirm_v by_o the_o senate_n true_a it_o be_v that_o some_o king_n will_v not_o permit_v that_o some_o act_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v of_o force_n until_o they_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o senate_n or_o some_o other_o commissioner_n yet_o he_o that_o shall_v hence_o infer_v that_o there_o be_v a_o partition_n of_o power_n will_v be_v mistake_v for_o whatsoever_o act_n be_v thus_o rescind_v aught_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o though_o they_o be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o king_n himself_o who_o by_o this_o mean_n provide_v that_o nothing_o fraudulent_o gain_v from_o he_o shall_v pass_v to_o his_o disadvantage_n this_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o that_o rescript_n send_v by_o antiochus_n the_o three_o to_o his_o magistrate_n that_o in_o case_n he_o command_v they_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o law_n they_o shall_v not_o obey_v he_o and_o of_o that_o of_o constantine_n to_o his_o that_o widow_n and_o orphan_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o come_v for_o judgement_n to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o emperor_n although_o the_o emperor_n own_o letter_n shall_v be_v produce_v for_o it_o this_o be_v very_o like_a unto_o those_o testament_n unto_o which_o this_o clause_n be_v add_v that_o no_o testament_n hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v shall_v be_v of_o force_n for_o such_o a_o clause_n will_v have_v it_o believe_v that_o the_o latter_a testament_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o testator_n but_o as_o that_o clause_n in_o the_o will_n so_o the_o first_o act_n of_o a_o prince_n may_v by_o any_o after-act_n of_o he_o or_o by_o any_o special_a indication_n of_o his_o late_a will_n be_v easy_o rescind_v xix_o some_o other_o example_n hither_o ill_o draw_v neither_o be_o i_o at_o all_o sway_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o polybius_n who_o will_v fain_o have_v the_o roman_n to_o be_v a_o mix_a commonwealth_n which_o if_o we_o regard_v not_o so_o much_o the_o act_n themselves_o as_o the_o power_n whereby_o they_o be_v do_v be_v doubtless_o at_o that_o time_n mere_o popular_a for_o as_o well_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o
that_o be_v they_o that_o lie_v aside_o their_o arm_n when_o there_o be_v no_o persecution_n that_o threaten_v they_o for_o by_o the_o word_n peace_n the_o primitive_a christian_n understand_v only_o a_o vacancy_n from_o persecution_n as_o appear_v by_o cyprian_a and_o other_o nostrae_fw-la paci_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quam_fw-la persecutio_fw-la as_o to_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n what_o great_a war_n can_v there_o be_v than_o persecution_n tertul._n tertul._n so_o st._n cyprian_n cyprian_a cyprian_a when_o god_n begin_v to_o give_v peace_n unto_o his_o church_n that_o be_v when_o he_o free_v it_o from_o persecution_n next_o we_o have_v the_o example_n of_o julian_n soldier_n who_o be_v no_o mean_a proficient_o in_o the_o school_n of_o christianity_n for_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o testify_v their_o faith_n in_o christ_n by_o the_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n of_o who_o st._n ambrose_n speak_v thus_o the_o emperor_n julian_n though_o a_o apostate_n yet_o have_v many_o christian_n that_o fight_v under_o his_o banner_n to_o who_o when_o command_n be_v give_v to_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n they_o ready_o obey_v but_o be_v command_v to_o march_v against_o the_o christian_n than_o they_o acknowledge_v no_o emperor_n but_o the_o king_n of_o heaven_n such_o also_o be_v long_o before_o they_o the_o thebaean_a legion_n which_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n dioclesian_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n by_o zabda_n the_o thirty_o bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n which_o legion_n do_v afterward_o leave_v behind_o they_o a_o singular_a pattern_n to_o all_o future_a generation_n of_o christian_a patience_n and_o constancy_n whereof_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o it_o shall_v suffice_v in_o this_o place_n to_o rehearse_v that_o excellent_a speech_n they_o make_v to_o the_o emperor_n which_o do_v both_o solid_o and_o summary_o represent_v unto_o we_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o christian_a soldier_n against_o any_o foreign_a power_n we_o free_o offer_v our_o hand_n which_o yet_o we_o dare_v not_o imbrue_v in_o the_o blood_n of_o innocent_n our_o arm_n which_o have_v be_v long_o practise_v in_o suppress_v vice_n and_o in_o vanquish_a foe_n never_o yet_o know_v how_o to_o oppress_v the_o righteous_a or_o to_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o our_o neighbour_n and_o fellow-citizen_n when_o first_o we_o engage_v in_o war_n we_o remember_v it_o be_v to_o protect_v and_o not_o to_o destroy_v they_o we_o have_v hitherto_o fight_v for_o justice_n for_o piety_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o innocence_n for_o these_o prize_n we_o have_v slight_v all_o danger_n we_o have_v fight_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o faith_n which_o shall_v we_o have_v break_v with_o god_n how_o can_v thou_o o_o emperor_n expect_v that_o we_o shall_v keep_v with_o thou_o basil_n also_o give_v this_o testimony_n of_o thâ—_n primitive_a christian_n that_o their_o ancestor_n never_o account_v that_o execution_n that_o be_v do_v in_o war_n as_o murder_n but_o always_o hold_v they_o excuse_v that_o fight_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o chastity_n and_o of_o piety_n chap._n iii_o war_n divide_v into_o public_a and_o private_a the_o supreme_a power_n explain_v i._o war_n divide_v into_o public_a and_o private_a ii_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n even_o after_o tribunal_n be_v erect_v all_o private_a war_n be_v not_o unlawful_a prove_v iii_o no_o nor_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n the_o objection_n answer_v iu._n public_a war_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v solemn_a and_o that_o which_o be_v less_o than_o solemn_a v._o whether_o a_o war_n make_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o magistrate_n not_o have_v supreme_a power_n be_v public_a and_o when_o vi_o wherein_o the_o civil_a power_n consist_v vii_o what_o power_n be_v supreme_a viii_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v ever_o in_o the_o people_n refute_v and_o the_o argument_n answer_v ix_o as_o also_o that_o the_o subjection_n between_o king_n and_o people_n be_v mutual_a x._o caution_n for_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o this_o question_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o likeness_n of_o word_n in_o thing_n that_o be_v unlike_a xi_o the_o second_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o right_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v that_o right_n xii_o that_o some_o empire_n be_v hold_v full_o that_o be_v with_o a_o power_n to_o alienate_v they_o xiii_o that_o other_o be_v hold_v not_o so_o full_o fourteen_o that_o some_o though_o not_o supreme_a yet_o be_v hold_v full_o that_o be_v with_o a_o power_n to_o alienate_v they_o xv._o the_o say_a distinction_n appear_v by_o the_o difference_n in_o assign_v protector_n in_o kingdom_n xvi_o that_o the_o power_n cease_v not_o to_o be_v supreme_a by_o a_o promise_n even_o of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o either_o natural_a or_o divine_a xvii_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v sometime_o divide_v into_o part_n subjective_a and_o potential_a xviii_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v well_o conclude_v that_o the_o power_n be_v not_o supreme_a because_o king_n will_v not_o have_v their_o act_n to_o be_v firm_a unless_o approve_v of_o by_o some_o assembly_n xix_o some_o other_o example_n not_o to_o be_v draw_v hither_o xx._n true_a example_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n divide_v xxi_o he_o that_o be_v tie_v up_o by_o a_o league_n on_o term_n unequal_a may_v yet_o retain_v the_o supreme_a power_n xxii_o so_o may_v he_o that_o pay_v tribute_n xxiii_o so_o may_v he_o that_o hold_v it_o from_o another_o in_o fief_n xxiv_o a_o man_n right_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o right_n with_o several_a example_n i._o war_n divide_v the_o first_o and_o most_o necessary_a division_n of_o war_n be_v this_o that_o some_o be_v public_a and_o some_o private_a and_o some_o mix_v public_a be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o public_a authority_n and_o private_a be_v that_o when_o the_o authority_n be_v so_o and_o mix_v when_o it_o be_v in_o part_n public_a and_o in_o part_n private_a and_o first_o let_v we_o treat_v of_o that_o which_o be_v private_a as_o be_v most_o ancient_a that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n some_o private_a war_n may_v lawful_o be_v wage_v be_v as_o i_o suppose_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v where_o it_o be_v show_v that_o to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o natural_a equity_n but_o the_o question_n will_v be_v whethersince_o the_o erection_n of_o court_n of_o justice_n it_o be_v now_o lawful_a to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o although_o court_v of_o judicature_n be_v not_o institute_v by_o nature_n but_o by_o humane_a authority_n yet_o do_v natural_a reason_n and_o common_a equity_n instruct_v we_o that_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o common_a honesty_n and_o to_o the_o conservation_n of_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n among_o man_n that_o all_o difference_n shall_v be_v public_o scan_v and_o determine_v by_o person_n that_o be_v unconcern_v rather_o than_o by_o they_o who_o be_v blind_v with_o self-love_n do_v ofttimes_o mistake_v right_a for_o wrong_n and_o will_v do_v that_o only_a which_o seem_v good_a in_o their_o own_o eye_n non_fw-la est_fw-la singulis_fw-la concedendum_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la magistratum_fw-la publicae_fw-la possit_fw-la fieri_fw-la con_fw-la paulus_n juris_n con_fw-la ne_fw-la occasio_fw-la sit_fw-la majoris_fw-la tumultus_fw-la faciendi_fw-la that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v to_o every_o private_a man_n that_o may_v be_v do_v public_o by_o a_o magistrate_n lest_o for_o every_o petty_a injury_n man_n run_v into_o tumult_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v 4._o cassiod_n l_o 4_o var._n ep._n 4._o say_v king_n theodorick_n that_o so_o great_a a_o reverence_n be_v due_a to_o the_o law_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o revenge_v himself_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o by_o the_o suggestion_n of_o his_o own_o passion_n for_o if_o all_o difference_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o plan_n force_n wherein_o will_v a_o calm_a peace_n differ_v from_o the_o tumult_n of_o war_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n call_v that_o force_n when_o any_o man_n take_v that_o which_o be_v his_o due_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n without_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o judge_n ii_o that_o tribunal_n be_v erect_v all_o war_n be_v not_o unlawful_a most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o licence_n which_o before_o tribunal_n be_v establish_v public_o be_v permit_v be_v since_o much_o restrain_v and_o yet_o in_o some_o place_n the_o same_o licence_n still_o remain_v namely_o where_o judgement_n can_v be_v have_v against_o offender_n for_o the_o law_n in_o prohibit_v a_o man_n to_o take_v his_o own_o unless_o it_o be_v judicial_o do_v tacit_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o place_n and_o at_o such_o a_o time_n where_o a_o
do_v be_v oblige_v as_o a_o law_n unto_o we_o for_o that_o christ_n die_v for_o the_o wicked_a and_o for_o his_o enemy_n be_v not_o by_o the_o command_n of_o any_o law_n but_o by_o a_o special_a agreement_n and_o covenant_n with_o the_o father_n who_o have_v promise_v that_o for_o his_o so_o do_v he_o will_v not_o only_o exalt_v he_o in_o glory_n far_o above_o all_o principality_n and_o power_n in_o heaven_n or_o earth_n but_o that_o he_o will_v build_v he_o also_o a_o church_n a_o holy_a seed_n that_o shall_v endure_v for_o ever_o esay_n 53.10_o but_o this_o fact_n of_o christ_n be_v otherwise_o singular_a and_o not_o to_o be_v parallel_v as_o st._n paul_n testify_v rom._n 5.7_o and_o christ_n indeed_o bid_v we_o to_o expose_v our_o life_n to_o peril_n yet_o not_o for_o every_o man_n but_o only_o for_o the_o brethren_n that_o be_v for_o those_o that_o profess_v the_o same_o faith_n with_o ourselves_o 1_o jo._n 3.16_o answer_v the_o objection_n out_o of_o the_o father_n answer_v and_o as_o to_o those_o sentence_n that_o be_v quote_v out_o of_o the_o father_n they_o be_v partly_o good_a fatherly_a counsel_n and_o exhortation_n to_o a_o holy_a life_n tend_v to_o perfection_n rather_o than_o any_o strict_a precept_n to_o oblige_v we_o and_o partly_o their_o own_o private_a opinion_n rather_o than_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n 45._o can._n 45._o for_o in_o those_o ancient_a canon_n call_v the_o apostle_n he_o be_v to_o have_v be_v excommunicate_v that_o in_o a_o fray_n have_v slay_v his_o adversary_n at_o the_o first_o blow_n for_o his_o too_o much_o heat_n or_o rashness_n and_o st._n augustin_n himself_o who_o we_o before_o quote_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n seem_v notwithstanding_o to_o approve_v of_o this_o in_o his_o 84th_o question_n upon_o exodus_fw-la revenge_n christian_n may_v bear_v arm_n for_o defence_n not_o for_o revenge_n so_o also_o do_v st._n ambrose_n o_o lord_n say_v he_o why_o do_v thou_o command_v i_o to_o buy_v a_o sword_n if_o thou_o forbidde_v i_o to_o strike_v why_o do_v thou_o bid_v i_o to_o have_v one_o if_o have_v it_o i_o may_v not_o use_v it_o unless_o perhaps_o thou_o will_v have_v we_o to_o be_v arm_v for_o defence_n but_o not_o for_o revenge_n iu._n solemn_a war_n what_o it_o be_v of_o public_a war_n some_o be_v solemn_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o some_o be_v less_o solemn_a that_o which_o i_o here_o call_v solemn_a be_v usual_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n call_v just_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o a_o testament_n be_v be_v oppose_v to_o a_o codicil_n or_o as_o a_o solemn_a marriage_n between_o such_o as_o be_v free_a compare_v to_o a_o clandestine_v between_o such_o as_o be_v bond_n not_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o bequeath_v good_n by_o a_o codicil_n or_o for_o a_o servant_n to_o have_v his_o marry_a woman_n with_o he_o in_o the_o same_o house_n for_o even_o among_o freeman_n there_o be_v some_o marriage_n not_o just_a adult_fw-la paul_n sent._n l._n 2._o c._n 74._o tit_n 19_o l._n si_fw-la uxor_fw-la d._n ad_fw-la l._n juliam_fw-la de_fw-la adult_fw-la and_o some_o child_n not_o just_a as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n note_n and_o some_o liberty_n not_o just_a as_o seneca_n observe_v but_o that_o a_o solemn_a testament_n and_o a_o solemn_a marriage_n have_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n some_o right_n and_o effect_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o which_o other_o have_v not_o which_o be_v very_o useful_a to_o be_v observe_v for_o that_o many_o misunderstanding_n the_o word_n just_a condemn_v all_o war_n as_o unrighteous_a and_o unlawful_a 40._o sen._n de_fw-fr vit_fw-fr beat_v c._n 24._o sâ—et_fw-la octau._n c._n 40._o that_o be_v not_o solemn_a now_o that_o a_o war_n be_v solemn_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n two_o thing_n be_v requisite_a first_o that_o it_o be_v on_o both_o side_n make_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o who_o in_o their_o respective_a city_n have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o next_o that_o it_o be_v wage_v with_o such_o rite_n and_o formality_n as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n require_v whereof_o we_o shall_v discourse_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o because_o these_o be_v joint_o requisite_a therefore_o the_o one_o without_o the_o other_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o public_a war_n which_o we_o call_v less_o solemn_a solemn_a less_o solemn_a may_v be_v both_o defective_a in_o these_o rite_n and_o also_o be_v make_v against_o private_a man_n and_o that_o by_o the_o authory_n of_o any_o magistrate_n and_o true_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o thing_n itself_o without_o regard_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n every_o magistrate_n as_o he_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o people_n safety_n so_o in_o case_n any_o violence_n be_v offer_v be_v he_o entrust_v with_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o consequent_o have_v a_o power_n to_o make_v war_n but_o because_o by_o war_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v endanger_v therefore_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o law_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n that_o no_o war_n be_v make_v but_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o he_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o that_o city_n ult_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la ult_n such_o a_o law_n we_o find_v extant_a in_o plato_n and_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n whosoever_o shall_v presume_v to_o make_v war_n listen_v soldier_n or_o muster_v a_o army_n traitor_n he_o tâ—at_a lust_n soldier_n or_o muster_n a_o army_n without_o warrant_n from_o his_o prince_n be_v a_o traitor_n without_o special_a warrant_n from_o the_o prince_n be_v hold_v guilty_a of_o treason_n or_o as_o the_o cornelian_a law_n institute_v by_o l._n cornelius_n sylla_n say_v without_o warrant_n from_o the_o people_n place_v the_o sovereign_a power_n in_o they_o only_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a constitution_n extant_a in_o the_o code_n of_o justinian_n make_v by_o valentinianus_n and_o valens_n which_o run_v thus_o let_v no_o man_n presume_v to_o raise_v a_o army_n without_o special_a warrant_n or_o to_o make_v war_n without_o our_o knowledge_n and_o advice_n pertinent_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o st._n augustin_n that_o natural_a order_n which_o be_v best_a accommodate_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o humane_a peace_n require_v that_o the_o counsel_n and_o determination_n of_o raise_v of_o war_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o power_n of_o prince_n now_o as_o all_o other_o rule_n be_v they_o never_o so_o general_a must_v admit_v of_o equity_n to_o be_v their_o interpreter_n so_o must_v this_o law_n first_o then_o it_o can_v well_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o who_o the_o lieutenancy_n of_o any_o city_n be_v commit_v to_o reduce_v into_o obedience_n by_o his_o officer_n some_o few_o rebel_n so_o as_o it_o require_v not_o any_o great_a force_n to_o do_v it_o nor_o much_o endanger_v the_o city_n wherein_o he_o preside_v or_o in_o case_n the_o danger_n threaten_v the_o city_n be_v very_o great_a and_o so_o imminent_a that_o it_o will_v not_o admit_v 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what_o event_n soever_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n be_v manifest_o in_o inferior_a magistrate_n whether_o such_o a_o war_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v public_a lawyer_n agree_v not_o for_o some_o affirm_v it_o and_o some_o deny_v it_o sure_o if_o by_o public_a we_o understand_v nothing_o else_o but_o what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o right_n of_o a_o magistrate_n such_o war_n be_v public_a and_o therefore_o he_o that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n shall_v set_v himself_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o magistrate_n incur_v the_o punishment_n due_a unto_o those_o who_o behave_v themselves_o contumacious_o against_o such_o as_o be_v set_v over_o they_o but_o if_o we_o take_v the_o word_n public_a in_o the_o better_a fence_n for_o that_o which_o be_v solemn_a as_o without_o question_n it_o be_v usual_o take_v then_o be_v not_o
such_o war_n public_a for_o to_o the_o legitimate_v of_o such_o a_o war_n there_o must_v go_v as_o well_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o supreme_a authority_n as_o other_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v make_v necessary_a neither_o do_v it_o at_o all_o stagger_v i_o that_o even_o in_o such_o war_n the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o make_v resistance_n be_v lawful_a prize_n and_o give_v to_o encourage_v the_o soldier_n for_o this_o do_v not_o so_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o a_o solemn_a war_n but_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v in_o any_o other_o warrant_n no_o inferior_a magistrate_n can_v make_v a_o solemn_a war_n without_o special_a warrant_n beside_o it_o frequent_o happen_v that_o in_o empire_n of_o large_a extent_n the_o lieutenant_n of_o province_n be_v impower_v by_o their_o prince_n to_o begin_v a_o war_n which_o if_o so_o than_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n have_v immediate_o do_v it_o quod_fw-la faciendi_fw-la jus_o quis_fw-la alii_fw-la that_fw-mi ejus_fw-la ipse_fw-la auctor_fw-la censetur_fw-la look_v what_o right_a any_o man_n give_v to_o another_o to_o do_v that_o he_o himself_o be_v repute_v the_o author_n of_o but_o that_o which_o admit_v of_o a_o large_a dispute_n be_v whether_o in_o case_n no_o such_o power_n be_v give_v the_o subordinate_a magistrate_n by_o conjecture_v at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o prince_n may_v make_v war._n but_o this_o i_o can_v admit_v of_o for_o it_o suffice_v not_o to_o foresee_v what_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n will_v be_v in_o case_n he_o be_v consult_v withal_o but_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v what_o a_o prince_n will_v have_v a_o magistrate_n to_o do_v without_o advise_v with_o he_o in_o case_n the_o matter_n be_v important_a and_o will_v admit_v of_o time_n enough_o for_o a_o serious_a debate_n if_o a_o general_a law_n be_v to_o be_v make_v thereupon_o for_o though_o the_o reason_n that_o move_v a_o prince_n will_n be_v particular_o inspect_v may_v in_o some_o particular_a fact_n cease_v yet_o the_o reason_n universal_o take_v cease_v not_o which_o be_v that_o all_o danger_n shall_v be_v timely_o prevent_v which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v if_o every_o inferior_a magistrate_n shall_v assume_v unto_o himself_o the_o right_n of_o make_v war._n on._n manlius_n be_v not_o therefore_o unjust_o accuse_v by_o his_o lieutenant_n 48._o liv._o 48._o that_o without_o order_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n he_o have_v make_v war_n against_o the_o gallo-graecians_a for_o although_o there_o be_v certain_a legion_n of_o the_o gaul_n in_o antiochus_n his_o army_n yet_o have_v conclude_v a_o league_n with_o antiochus_n whether_o that_o injury_n be_v to_o have_v be_v revenge_v on_o the_o gallo-graecians_a be_v not_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o cn._n manlius_n but_o of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n cato_n opinion_n be_v that_o caesar_n shall_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o german_n for_o make_v a_o war_n against_o they_o without_o order_n but_o as_o i_o believe_v not_o so_o much_o regard_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o thing_n as_o indeed_o to_o free_v the_o city_n of_o the_o fear_n they_o have_v of_o so_o potent_a a_o master_n for_o the_o german_n have_v give_v assistance_n to_o the_o gaul_n be_v then_o enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o any_o wrong_n do_v they_o in_o case_n that_o war_n with_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o gaul_n be_v just_a but_o caesar_n shall_v have_v be_v content_v to_o have_v beat_v the_o german_n out_o of_o gallia_n which_o be_v the_o province_n allot_v to_o he_o and_o not_o have_v prosecute_v the_o war_n into_o germany_n without_o first_o consult_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n especial_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n then_o imminent_a the_o german_n therefore_o can_v have_v no_o right_a to_o demand_v caesar_n consider_v that_o they_o have_v give_v the_o roman_n just_a cause_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o but_o the_o roman_n have_v just_a cause_n to_o punish_v caesar_n for_o transgress_v his_o commission_n as_o the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n tell_v the_o roman_n plain_o in_o the_o very_a like_o case_n i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o fit_a for_o you_o say_v he_o to_o inquire_v whether_o saguntum_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o public_a edict_n of_o the_o city_n of_o carthage_n or_o by_o the_o private_a authority_n of_o our_o general_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v just_o or_o unjust_o 31._o liv._o l._n 31._o for_o it_o concern_v we_o only_o to_o call_v our_o own_o subject_a to_o a_o account_n by_o who_o order_n he_o do_v it_o the_o only_a dispute_n between_o we_o and_o you_o be_v whether_o it_o may_v be_v do_v without_o breach_n of_o our_o league_n with_o you_o or_o not_o cicero_n defend_v the_o fact_n both_o of_o octavius_n and_o of_o decimus_n brutus_n who_o upon_o their_o own_o private_a judgement_n make_v war_n upon_o anthony_n but_o although_o it_o have_v be_v as_o clear_a as_o the_o sun_n that_o anthony_n have_v deserve_v it_o yet_o shall_v they_o have_v consult_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n before_o they_o have_v begin_v it_o for_o although_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o affront_v give_v do_v manifest_o deserve_v a_o hostile_a invasion_n yet_o ought_v they_o to_o have_v expect_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n whether_o it_o have_v not_o be_v more_o expedient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n approve_v though_o a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n be_v give_v yet_o shall_v it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o superior_n to_o judge_n whether_o it_o be_v safe_a at_o that_o time_n to_o have_v dissemble_v or_o to_o have_v revenge_v it_o historian_n not_o always_o to_o be_v approve_v at_o that_o time_n to_o have_v dissemble_v it_o than_o to_o have_v revenge_v it_o to_o have_v treat_v with_o he_o about_o article_n of_o peace_n than_o to_o have_v rush_v present_o into_o arm_n for_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v compel_v to_o pursue_v his_o own_o right_a when_o it_o 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to_o make_v those_o action_n our_o precedent_n which_o deserve_v rather_o to_o be_v excuse_v than_o applaud_v whereby_o we_o may_v be_v draw_v into_o pernicious_a error_n now_o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o a_o public_a war_n can_v just_o be_v undertake_v without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n as_o well_o of_o this_o question_n and_o of_o that_o of_o a_o solemn_a war_n as_o of_o divers_a other_o to_o inquire_v what_o that_o supreme_a power_n be_v and_o in_o who_o it_o rest_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o age_n do_v not_o so_o well_o determine_v it_o for_o whilst_o each_o of_o they_o pursue_v this_o argument_n rather_o according_a to_o present_a use_n and_o custom_n than_o according_a to_o truth_n they_o have_v render_v that_o which_o of_o itself_o be_v not_o very_o easy_a much_o more_o dark_a and_o obscure_a than_o it_o be_v before_o vi_o the_o civil_a power_n what_o that_o moral_a power_n whereby_o commonwealth_n be_v govern_v which_o thucydides_n call_v the_o civil_a power_n he_o describe_v by_o three_o thing_n where_o he_o call_v a_o city_n that_o be_v true_o so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v 1._o that_o it_o shall_v have_v a_o power_n to_o make_v or_o abolish_v law_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v have_v a_o power_n to_o pass_v judgement_n and_o 3._o to_o create_v magistrate_n or_o which_o the_o word_n will_v likewise_o bear_v to_o raise_v tax_n for_o every_o commonwealth_n ought_v to_o have_v a_o moral_a power_n in_o these_o thing_n 4._o pol._n l._n 4._o aristotle_n divide_v the_o administration_n of_o this_o power_n into_o three_o part_n the_o first_o be_v the_o consultation_n about_o thing_n common_a as_o about_o peace_n war_n league_n to_o be_v either_o make_v
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which_o we_o call_v the_o supreme_a power_n be_v in_o who_o it_o be_v now_o let_v we_o see_v in_o who_o it_o rest_v the_o subject_a wherein_o this_o sovereign_a power_n remain_v be_v either_o common_a or_o proper_a as_o the_o common_a subject_n wherein_o sight_n rest_v be_v the_o body_n the_o proper_a subject_n be_v the_o eye_n so_o of_o this_o supreme_a power_n the_o common_a subject_n be_v the_o city_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v a_o perfect_a company_n or_o society_n of_o man_n hence_o than_o we_o exclude_v those_o who_o have_v give_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o people_n as_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n be_v no_o long_o call_v kingdom_n but_o roman_a province_n for_o such_o a_o people_n can_v be_v call_v a_o city_n in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o we_o now_o take_v the_o word_n but_o the_o unworthy_a member_n of_o that_o city_n that_o conquer_v they_o as_o servant_n be_v the_o mean_a member_n of_o a_o family_n again_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o of_o divers_a people_n there_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o head_n and_o yet_o every_o one_o of_o these_o people_n do_v constitute_v one_o perfect_a society_n for_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o moral_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o natural_a body_n where_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o one_o head_n shall_v govern_v two_o body_n for_o in_o the_o moral_a one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n diverse_o consider_v may_v be_v the_o head_n of_o divers_a and_o distinct_a body_n whereof_o this_o be_v a_o most_o infallible_a sign_n for_o whensoever_o the_o regal_a family_n of_o he_o in_o who_o the_o sovereign_a power_n over_o divers_a nation_n be_v unite_v shall_v be_v extinct_a the_o power_n itself_o separate_v and_o each_o revert_v to_o its_o own_o people_n so_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o many_o city_n may_v be_v link_v in_o so_o strait_a a_o confederacy_n that_o as_o strabo_n speak_v they_o may_v constitute_v but_o one_o well_o govern_v body_n and_o yet_o do_v each_o of_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o state_n of_o a_o perfect_a city_n as_o be_v well_o observe_v both_o by_o other_o and_o also_o by_o aristotle_n in_o divers_a place_n so_o than_o the_o common_a subject_n wherein_o this_o power_n reside_v be_v a_o city_n so_o understand_v as_o i_o have_v already_o express_v but_o the_o proper_a subject_n of_o this_o power_n be_v either_o one_o person_n or_o many_o according_a to_o the_o several_a law_n custom_n and_o manner_n of_o every_o nation_n viii_o not_o in_o the_o people_n and_o here_o first_o we_o must_v disclaim_v their_o opinion_n who_o affirm_v the_o supreme_a power_n to_o be_v every_o where_n and_o without_o any_o exception_n in_o the_o people_n and_o that_o so_o full_o that_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n either_o to_o enforce_v or_o to_o punish_v their_o king_n if_o he_o govern_v amiss_o what_o great_a mischief_n this_o opinion_n be_v once_o fix_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o rabble_n already_o have_v and_o hereafter_o may_v introduce_v there_o be_v no_o wise_a man_n but_o may_v easy_o discover_v prove_v this_o prove_v for_o confutation_n of_o which_o opinion_n we_o offer_v these_o argument_n to_o the_o more_o ingenious_a reader_n by_o all_o the_o law_n both_o of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o roman_n it_o will_v appear_v 7._o exod._n 21.6_o gell._n l._n 21._o c._n 7._o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o every_o man_n that_o have_v power_n over_o himself_o to_o bind_v himself_o as_o a_o servant_n or_o a_o apprentice_n to_o who_o he_o please_v and_o why_o then_o shall_v it_o not_o be_v as_o lawful_a for_o any_o people_n natural_o free_a to_o give_v themselves_o up_o to_o any_o one_o person_n or_o society_n to_o be_v govern_v whole_o by_o they_o without_o retain_v any_o part_n of_o their_o liberty_n to_o themselves_o neither_o will_v it_o suffice_v to_o say_v this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v presume_v for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o what_o in_o a_o doubtful_a case_n be_v to_o be_v presume_v but_o what_o by_o right_o may_v be_v do_v and_o it_o be_v as_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a to_o urge_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o hence_o inconvenience_n no_o form_n of_o government_n without_o some_o inconvenience_n for_o there_o be_v no_o form_n of_o government_n whatsoever_o be_v it_o never_o so_o well_o fancy_v and_o frame_v in_o the_o brain_n but_o upon_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o will_v produce_v some_o inconvenience_n and_o some_o danger_n with_o it_o so_o that_o we_o must_v do_v what_o we_o can_v resolve_v to_o take_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o comedian_n aut_fw-la haec_fw-la cum_fw-la illis_fw-la sunt_fw-la habenda_fw-la aut_fw-la illa_fw-la cum_fw-la his_fw-la mittenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la either_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o inconvenience_n with_o the_o convenience_n or_o to_o renounce_v both_o and_o so_o live_v like_o beast_n without_o government_n which_o be_v the_o great_a inconvenience_n of_o all_o as_o there_o be_v several_a kind_n of_o trade_n or_o calling_n for_o man_n to_o live_v by_o some_o better_a some_o worse_a and_o every_o man_n be_v permit_v to_o choose_v which_o he_o please_v so_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o government_n it_o be_v in_o the_o people_n choice_n which_o of_o they_o they_o will_v be_v govern_v by_o neither_o be_v the_o right_a to_o govern_v to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o form_n whereof_o divers_a man_n judge_v diverse_o but_o by_o the_o freedom_n of_o their_o own_o will_n what_o cato_n sometime_o say_v of_o law_n may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v of_o government_n there_o be_v none_o so_o perfect_a but_o have_v some_o defect_n but_o what_o the_o same_o cato_n observe_v be_v very_o true_a it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o commend_v any_o government_n that_o it_o produce_v good_a effect_n in_o the_o general_n and_o profit_v the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n now_o as_o
read_v 1_o sam._n 9.16_o and_o 1_o sam._n 10_o 1._o still_o it_o be_v super_fw-la eos_fw-la not_o under_o my_o people_n but_o over_o they_o not_o under_o they_o to_o serve_v they_o but_o over_o they_o to_o save_v defend_v and_o deliver_v they_o thus_o david_n and_o solomon_n be_v say_v to_o be_v anoint_v over_o the_o people_n over_o the_o lord_n anoint_v and_o over_o israel_n and_o david_n give_v thanks_o 144.2_o 2_o sam._n 5.2_o 1_o king_n 4.1_o psal_n 144.2_o that_o god_n have_v subdue_v his_o people_n under_o he_o christ_n also_o declare_v as_o much_o where_o he_o say_v the_o king_n of_o the_o gentile_n exercise_v dominion_n over_o you_o luke_n 22.25_o the_o power_n of_o king_n over_o subject_n be_v their_o own_o horace_n horace_n but_o none_o can_v king_n command_v but_o god_n alone_o the_o three_o form_n of_o government_n be_v by_o seneca_n thus_o describe_v 14._o ep._n 14._o sometime_o the_o people_n be_v most_o to_o be_v fear_v sometime_o if_o the_o government_n be_v such_o 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no_o appeal_n from_o he_o or_o against_o he_o but_o unto_o god_n and_o as_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o no_o other_o power_n so_o it_o be_v bound_v by_o no_o humane_a law_n as_o other_o power_n be_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o moses_n indeed_o seem_v to_o prescribe_v law_n unto_o king_n and_o tell_v they_o what_o they_o shall_v do_v and_o good_a prince_n will_v say_v with_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n tantum_n mihi_fw-la licet_fw-la quantum_fw-la per_fw-la leges_fw-la licet_fw-la that_o only_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o do_v which_o the_o law_n account_v so_o but_o as_o moses_n teach_v we_o what_o a_o king_n shall_v do_v so_o samuel_n tell_v we_o what_o a_o king_n may_v do_v moses_n tell_v we_o his_o duty_n samuel_n his_o power_n the_o law_n consist_v of_o two_o distinct_a part_n the_o one_o direct_v the_o other_o coercive_a the_o former_a point_n at_o the_o rationability_n of_o the_o law_n the_o latter_a at_o the_o danger_n we_o run_v into_o if_o we_o break_v the_o law_n now_o law_n serve_v to_o direct_v king_n because_o they_o mind_v they_o of_o their_o duty_n but_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o force_v they_o to_o that_o duty_n much_o less_o to_o un-king_n they_o if_o they_o do_v it_o not_o the_o people_n be_v say_v to_o confer_v upon_o they_o all_o their_o power_n and_o authority_n over_o themselves_o as_o theophilus_n expound_v it_o hence_o be_v that_o excellent_a say_n of_o m._n antoninus_n none_o but_o god_n himself_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o king_n dion_n prusaensis_n speak_v of_o such_o a_o king_n say_v he_o be_v free_a and_o absolute_a in_o power_n both_o over_o himself_o and_o over_o the_o law_n what_o he_o will_v he_o do_v and_o what_o he_o will_v not_o he_o do_v not_o such_o ancient_o in_o greece_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o inachidae_n at_o argis_n who_o moses_n term_v the_o anakim_v deut._n 2.10_o for_o the_o argive_n in_o aeschylus_n thus_o bespeak_v their_o king_n our_o state_n and_o city_n be_v in_o thou_o testify_v the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o the_o story_n of_o the_o macchabite_v claim_v to_o be_v of_o kin_n to_o abraham_n they_o have_v two_o king_n but_o magis_fw-la nomine_fw-la quam_fw-la imperio_fw-la more_n in_o name_n than_o power_n as_o cora_n nepos_n testify_v thou_o need_v not_o fear_v law_n tyranny_n sacred_a as_o altar_n be_v thy_o throne_n for_o all_o be_v rule_v by_o thou_o alone_o much_o different_a from_o what_o theseus_n himself_o though_o a_o king_n speak_v in_o euripides_n concern_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o athens_n athens_n be_v free_a enslave_v by_o any_o one_o disdain_v to_o be_v the_o people_n there_o be_v king_n who_o annual_o the_o government_n to_o this_o or_o that_o decree_n for_o theseus_n as_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o be_v not_o their_o king_n but_o their_o general_n in_o war_n and_o the_o guardian_n of_o their_o law_n in_o peace_n in_o other_o matter_n he_o be_v but_o equal_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o citizen_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o those_o king_n that_o be_v accountable_a to_o the_o people_n age_n lib._n 3._o vit._n cleom._n vit._n age_n as_o those_o after_o lycurgus_n but_o especial_o as_o the_o ephori_fw-la be_v to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v by_o polybius_n plutarch_n and_o other_o say_v to_o be_v king_n in_o name_n only_o but_o not_o in_o power_n which_o example_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n notwithstanding_o most_o of_o the_o grecian_a city_n follow_v pausanius_n to_o the_o corinthian_n thus_o testify_v of_o the_o argive_n power_n corinthiacis_n king_n in_o name_n only_o not_o in_o power_n that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o addict_v to_o parity_n and_o liberty_n that_o at_o length_n they_o reduce_v the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n to_o almost_o nothing_o for_o to_o the_o son_n and_o posterity_n of_o cisus_fw-la they_o leave_v not_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o bare_a name_n and_o title_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n deny_v that_o such_o kingdom_n do_v constitute_v any_o special_a form_n of_o government_n allow_v they_o but_o as_o part_n either_o of_o optimacy_n or_o democracy_n nay_o even_o among_o such_o people_n as_o be_v not_o perpetual_o govern_v by_o king_n name_n some_o have_v for_o awhile_o the_o power_n but_o not_o the_o name_n we_o may_v find_v some_o footstep_n of_o a_o temporary_a monarchy_n not_o at_o all_o subject_n unto_o the_o people_n m._n livius_n solinator_n in_o his_o censorship_n disfranchise_v all_o the_o tribe_n but_o one_o in_o rome_n for_o their_o ingratitude_n thereby_o show_v his_o power_n over_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o such_o be_v the_o power_n of_o the_o dictator_n in_o rome_n from_o who_o there_o be_v no_o appeal_n no_o not_o unto_o the_o people_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o as_o livy_n inform_v we_o a_o edict_n from_o the_o dictator_n be_v as_o authoritative_a as_o a_o oracle_n from_o god_n constitute_v dictator_n in_o rome_n temporary_a king_n 1._o arg._n answer_v the_o thing_n that_o constitute_v not_o always_o great_a than_o the_o thing_n constitute_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o safety_n at_o all_o but_o in_o obedience_n for_o though_o king_n be_v banish_v yet_o be_v the_o regal_a power_n comprehend_v in_o the_o dictatorship_n the_o argument_n produce_v for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v easy_o answer_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n whereas_o they_o say_v the_o thing_n that_o constitute_v be_v great_a than_o the_o thing_n constitute_v and_o therefore_o the_o people_n that_o make_v the_o king_n must_v needs_o be_v great_a than_o the_o king_n they_o have_v make_v i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v true_a where_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o thing_n constitute_v do_v always_o depend_v on_o the_o will_n of_o the_o constitutor_n but_o not_o where_o the_o authority_n once_o free_o give_v do_v ever_o after_o full_o remain_v in_o the_o person_n that_o receive_v it_o as_o for_o example_n a_o
it_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o god_n that_o set_v up_o one_o and_o pull_v down_o another_o and_o that_o transfer_v crown_n and_o sceptre_n from_o one_o nation_n to_o another_o people_n and_o that_o rule_v the_o people_n by_o who_o he_o please_v now_o to_o such_o as_o judicial_o peruse_v the_o write_n of_o the_o prophet_n they_o will_v appear_v most_o evident_a for_o they_o do_v not_o only_o foretell_v the_o counsel_n of_o god_n but_o the_o very_a king_n and_o prince_n by_o who_o god_n intend_v to_o bring_v about_o his_o secret_a purpose_n be_v therein_o describe_v yea_o and_o sometime_o name_v long_o before_o they_o be_v bear_v as_o josias_n by_o name_n 1_o kin._n 13.2_o cyrus_n by_o name_n es_fw-ge 45.3_o which_o plain_o argue_v that_o god_n do_v not_o only_o foresee_v what_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v but_o preordains_a such_o and_o such_o person_n by_o who_o he_o intend_v to_o effect_v his_o purpose_n yea_o and_o fit_v they_o with_o habit_n and_o grace_n according_o he_o make_v use_v of_o that_o supereminent_a power_n that_o he_o have_v over_o the_o life_n of_o every_o of_o his_o creature_n whereby_o to_o punish_v those_o king_n by_o take_v away_o their_o subject_n it_o be_v the_o proper_a punishment_n of_o king_n to_o be_v thus_o weaken_v subject_n weaken_v the_o proper_a punishment_n of_o king_n be_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o subject_n ix_o mutual_a subjection_n refute_v other_o there_o be_v that_o seem_v to_o fancy_n to_o themselves_o mutual_a subjection_n as_o in_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v govern_v well_o than_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o people_n shall_v obey_v but_o in_o case_n he_o govern_v ill_a than_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v subject_a unto_o the_o people_n now_o if_o what_o they_o say_v do_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o our_o obedience_n to_o king_n bind_v we_o not_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v manifest_o wicked_a they_o say_v no_o more_o than_o what_o all_o sober_a man_n will_v grant_v yet_o do_v not_o this_o imply_v any_o compulsion_n or_o any_o right_n of_o empire_n that_o be_v in_o the_o people_n but_o in_o case_n they_o have_v a_o purpose_n to_o divide_v the_o government_n with_o the_o king_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o speak_v somewhat_o they_o ought_v to_o assign_v bound_n and_o limit_n to_o the_o power_n of_o either_o party_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v do_v by_o make_v distinction_n of_o either_o place_n person_n or_o affair_n but_o the_o well_o or_o ill_a management_n especial_o of_o civil_a affair_n be_v apt_a to_o admit_v of_o great_a debate_n be_v not_o so_o sit_v to_o distinguish_v the_o part_n for_o great_a confusion_n must_v necessary_o arise_v where_o the_o right_a of_o power_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o the_o pretension_n of_o good_a or_o evil_a act_n some_o judge_n of_o these_o act_n in_o favour_n to_o the_o king_n other_o in_o savour_n to_o the_o people_n which_o confusion_n no_o people_n that_o i_o as_o yet_o know_v be_v ever_o so_o imprudent_a as_o to_o introduce_v x._o caution_n in_o judge_v of_o the_o supreme_a power_n these_o error_n be_v thus_o refute_v it_o remain_v that_o we_o set_v down_o some_o caution_n which_o may_v guide_v we_o to_o give_v a_o right_a judgement_n to_o who_o in_o every_o nation_n the_o supreme_a power_n belong_v whereof_o the_o first_o be_v this_o that_o we_o suffer_v not_o ourselves_o to_o be_v deceive_v by_o such_o name_n as_o be_v ambiguous_a in_o sense_n nor_o with_o the_o show_n of_o outward_a thing_n as_o for_o example_n although_o among_o the_o latin_n a_o kingdom_n and_o a_o principality_n be_v usual_o opposite_n as_o when_o caesar_n say_v the_o father_n of_o vercingetorigis_fw-la have_v get_v the_o principality_n of_o gallia_n use_v kingdom_n and_o principality_n promiscuous_o use_v be_v slay_v for_o his_o affect_v the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o piso_n in_o tacitus_n say_v that_o germanicus_n be_v indeed_o the_o son_n of_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o not_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o parthian_n and_o when_o suetonius_n say_v that_o caligula_n want_v but_o a_o little_a of_o change_v his_o principality_n into_o a_o kingdom_n yet_o we_o find_v these_o title_n of_o time_n promiscuous_o use_v for_o both_o the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n who_o derive_v themselves_o from_o hercules_n 1._o lib._n 1._o though_o afterward_o they_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o ephori_fw-la yet_o be_v still_o call_v king_n and_o some_o ancient_a king_n of_o germany_n there_o be_v as_o tacitus_n relate_v who_o reign_v magis_fw-la suadendi_fw-la quam_fw-la jubendi_fw-la potestate_fw-la more_o by_o persuasion_n than_o by_o power_n and_o as_o livy_n speak_v of_o king_n evander_n 15._o lib._n 15._o that_o he_o govern_v rather_o as_o a_o prudent_a magistrate_n than_o as_o a_o king_n thus_o solinus_n call_v hanno_n the_o king_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o life_n of_o hannibal_n say_v that_o as_o the_o roman_n choose_v every_o year_n two_o consul_n so_o the_o carthaginian_n choose_v two_o king_n mean_v their_o suffete_n or_o judge_n among_o these_o king_n improper_o so_o call_v we_o may_v likewise_o reckon_v their_o son_n who_o their_o father_n be_v please_v to_o honour_n with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n though_o they_o reserve_v unto_o themselves_o the_o regal_a power_n such_o be_v that_o darius_n who_o his_o father_n artaxerxes_n command_v to_o be_v kill_v be_v first_o condemn_v for_o plot_v his_o father_n death_n as_o plutarch_n relate_v the_o story_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o roman_a emperor_n finâ—m_fw-la plut._n aâ—taxâ—_n ad_fw-la finâ—m_fw-la after_o they_o have_v open_o assume_v unto_o themselves_o regal_a power_n content_v themselves_o with_o the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o general_n or_o prince_n nay_o the_o ensign_n of_o regal_a power_n be_v in_o some_o free_a city_n usual_o give_v to_o prince_n but_o now_o the_o assembly_n of_o state_n that_o be_v of_o those_o that_o represent_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n digest_v as_o gunther_n speak_v into_o three_o order_n namely_o call_v parliament_n why_o call_v prelate_n noble_n and_o the_o principal_a burgess_n of_o city_n do_v in_o some_o place_n indeed_o serve_v to_o this_o end_n only_o to_o be_v the_o king_n great_a council_n whereby_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v ofttimes_o conceal_v by_o his_o privy_a council_n may_v come_v to_o the_o king_n knowledge_n who_o have_v also_o power_n to_o determine_v they_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v good_a unto_o they_o according_a to_o custom_n but_o in_o other_o place_n they_o have_v power_n to_o call_v into_o question_n the_o action_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o also_o to_o prescribe_v law_n which_o shall_v be_v bind_v even_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o there_o be_v many_o also_o that_o place_n the_o difference_n between_o the_o supreme_a and_o the_o lesser_a power_n in_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o election_n or_o succession_n attribute_v the_o supreme_a power_n to_o this_o latter_a but_o not_o unto_o the_o former_a but_o this_o hold_v not_o universal_o true_a for_o succession_n assign_v not_o the_o form_n of_o government_n but_o the_o continuation_n of_o a_o form_n in_o the_o same_o family_n for_o the_o right_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o election_n of_o such_o a_o family_n be_v by_o succession_n continue_v among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o kingdom_n even_o after_o the_o ephori_fw-la be_v constitute_v be_v hereditary_a and_o of_o such_o a_o kingdom_n or_o principality_n it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n speak_v where_o he_o say_v that_o some_o pass_n by_o the_o right_n of_o blood_n and_o some_o by_o election_n and_o such_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancient_a hero_n be_v most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o greece_n i_o mean_v successive_a as_o both_o aristotle_n and_o thucydides_n observe_v so_o do_v dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o roman_a empire_n even_o after_o all_o power_n be_v take_v as_o well_o from_o the_o senate_n as_o people_n be_v always_o transfer_v by_o election_n xi_o the_o second_o caution_n a_o second_o caution_n shall_v be_v this_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o inquire_v concern_v the_o thing_n and_o another_o to_o inquire_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o which_o hold_v good_a not_o in_o thing_n corporeal_a only_o but_o in_o thing_n incorporeal_a for_o as_o a_o field_n be_v a_o thing_n so_o also_o be_v a_o passage_n it_o the_o thing_n itself_o distinguish_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o a_o act_n or_o way_n but_o these_o some_o may_v have_v by_o a_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n other_o by_o a_o right_a usufructuary_n as_o a_o farmer_n have_v a_o right_a to_o his_o farm_n and_o some_o other_o by_o a_o temporary_a right_n as_o the_o roman_a dictator_n the_o sovereignty_n but_o by_o a_o temporary_a right_n so_o king_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v first_o elect_v as_o
also_o those_o that_o succeed_v to_o they_o in_o a_o right_a line_n hold_v their_o kingdom_n by_o a_o usufructuary_n right_a that_o be_v they_o hold_v they_o as_o to_o all_o the_o right_n and_o profit_n but_o not_o to_o alienate_v they_o but_o other_o hold_v their_o kingdom_n by_o a_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n as_o they_o that_o by_o a_o just_a war_n have_v conquer_v they_o or_o he_o to_o who_o any_o people_n to_o prevent_v great_a mischief_n have_v yield_v themselves_o subject_n for_o protection_n so_o as_o they_o reserve_v nothing_o unto_o themselves_o neither_o do_v i_o agree_v with_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o the_o roman_a dictator_n during_o his_o time_n can_v not_o have_v supreme_a power_n because_o it_o be_v not_o perpetual_a for_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o moral_a thing_n be_v best_a know_v by_o their_o operation_n wherefore_o those_o power_n that_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n be_v to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n but_o a_o dictator_n during_o his_o time_n exercise_v all_o right_n that_o a_o king_n do_v who_o hold_v his_o kingdom_n by_o a_o full_a right_n neither_o can_v any_o act_n of_o his_o be_v make_v void_a by_o any_o other_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o case_n of_o fabius_n rutilianus_n who_o when_o the_o people_n will_v have_v preserve_v they_o can_v deal_v with_o the_o dictator_n by_o no_o other_o mean_n but_o by_o petition_n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o he_o have_v the_o same_o supreme_a power_n now_o the_o duration_n or_o continuation_n of_o a_o thing_n alter_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o yet_o if_o question_n be_v make_v concern_v the_o dignity_n which_o be_v usual_o call_v majesty_n doubtless_o he_o that_o have_v it_o perpetuate_v unto_o he_o have_v the_o great_a majesty_n than_o he_o that_o have_v it_o for_o a_o time_n limit_v only_o because_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o add_v much_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o he_o that_o hold_v it_o now_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o king_n time_n protector_n have_v absolute_a power_n during_o their_o time_n may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o such_o as_o be_v either_o during_o the_o minority_n of_o king_n or_o during_o their_o captivity_n or_o lunacy_n appoint_a protector_n for_o neither_o be_v those_o subject_n unto_o the_o people_n nor_o be_v their_o power_n revocable_a before_o the_o time_n come_v appoint_v by_o the_o law_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o with_o those_o who_o have_v a_o right_n which_o be_v at_o any_o time_n revocable_a 1._o some_o kingdom_n hold_v during_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o people_n procop._n vand._n lib._n 1._o as_o they_o who_o reign_v only_o during_o the_o pleasure_n of_o other_o such_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o vandal_n in_o africa_n and_o of_o the_o goth_n in_o spain_n who_o be_v as_o often_o depose_v as_o they_o displease_v the_o people_n and_o every_o act_n of_o they_o may_v be_v make_v void_a because_o they_o who_o give_v they_o that_o power_n give_v it_o under_o condition_n of_o revocation_n and_o therefore_o not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n they_o can_v not_o be_v say_v to_o have_v the_o same_o right_n xii_o some_o sovereign_a power_n be_v hold_v full_o with_o a_o right_n of_o alienation_n against_o what_o i_o have_v before_o say_v that_o some_o kingdom_n be_v hold_v in_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n that_o be_v as_o patrimonial_a there_o be_v very_o learned_a man_n that_o make_v this_o objection_n that_o man_n be_v free_a be_v not_o to_o be_v traffic_v away_o from_o one_o to_o another_o as_o thing_n that_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v but_o as_o the_o power_n of_o a_o master_n be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o king_n so_o be_v personal_a liberty_n from_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a and_o the_o freedom_n of_o singular_a person_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o state_n the_o stoic_n themselves_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o servivitude_n in_o subjection_n 2._o hottom_n cont._n illust_n qâ—ae_fw-la i._n 1._o diog._n laâ—â—t_n 1_o sam._n 22.28_o 2_o sam._n 10.2_o 1_o king_n 9.22_o liv._o lib._n 1._o lib._n 2._o and_o the_o subject_n of_o king_n be_v sometime_o in_o holy_a writ_n call_v their_o servant_n as_o personal_a liberty_n exclude_v the_o power_n of_o a_o master_n so_o also_o do_v civil_a liberty_n that_o of_o empire_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o sovereignty_n proper_o so_o call_v livy_n thus_o oppose_v they_o before_o man_n have_v taste_v the_o sweetness_n of_o liberty_n they_o desire_v a_o king_n and_o again_o what_o a_o shame_n be_v it_o for_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n who_o when_o they_o serve_v under_o king_n be_v never_o straighten_a by_o war_n nor_o besiege_v by_o a_o enemy_n 45._o lib._n 45._o be_v now_o a_o free_a people_n to_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o hetruscan_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n live_v not_o now_o under_o kingly_a government_n but_o in_o liberty_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o oppose_v those_o nation_n that_o be_v free_a unto_o those_o that_o live_v under_o king_n so_o also_o seneca_n the_o father_n 1._o sâ—as_n 1._o we_o ought_v not_o to_o give_v our_o opinion_n in_o a_o free_a state_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o do_v under_o king_n yea_o and_o cicero_n either_o we_o do_v not_o well_o to_o expel_v king_n or_o we_o ought_v to_o restore_v the_o people_n to_o liberty_n 1._o de_fw-fr leg_n 3._o ann._n l._n 1._o not_o in_o word_n only_o but_o in_o deed_n after_o these_o come_v tacitus_n the_o city_n of_o rome_n say_v he_o be_v at_o first_o govern_v by_o king_n but_o it_o be_v l._n brutus_n that_o institute_v liberty_n and_o consular_a authority_n and_o to_o be_v short_a every_o where_n among_o the_o roman_a law_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o war_n and_o recuperatory_n judgement_n all_o foreigner_n be_v distinguish_v into_o king_n and_o free_a people_n the_o question_n then_o here_o put_v respect_v not_o personal_a but_o civil_a subjection_n in_o which_o sense_n some_o nation_n be_v say_v not_o to_o have_v power_n over_o themselves_o hence_o be_v that_o in_o livy_n which_o city_n field_n and_o man_n be_v sometime_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o aetolian_n and_o that_o also_o be_v the_o people_n of_o collatia_n a_o free_a people_n i._n e._n have_v they_o any_o power_n over_o themselves_o nevertheless_o to_o speak_v proper_o when_o any_o people_n be_v say_v to_o be_v alienate_v alienate_v when_o a_o kingdom_n be_v alienate_v it_o be_v not_o the_o people_n but_o the_o right_n of_o govern_v they_o that_o be_v alienate_v it_o be_v not_o the_o man_n but_o the_o perpetual_a right_n of_o govern_v themselves_o as_o they_o be_v a_o people_n that_o be_v alienate_v as_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a be_v that_o inference_n which_o conclude_v that_o because_o king_n conquer_v nation_n by_o the_o blood_n and_o sweat_n of_o their_o citizen_n therefore_o what_o be_v so_o conquer_v aught_o of_o right_a to_o belong_v rather_o to_o they_o than_o to_o he_o for_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o that_o king_n may_v pay_v his_o army_n out_o of_o his_o own_o private_a estate_n as_o m._n anthony_n do_v in_o his_o bohemian_a war_n who_o when_o the_o roman_a treasury_n be_v exhaust_v be_v unwilling_a to_o impose_v any_o more_o tax_n upon_o the_o people_n bring_v into_o trajan's_n court_n and_o make_v sale_n of_o all_o his_o vessel_n of_o gold_n silver_n crystal_n and_o myrrh_n together_o with_o his_o own_o and_o his_o wife_n robe_n of_o silk_n and_o gold_n and_o all_o other_o their_o ornament_n and_o jewel_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war._n or_o he_o may_v pay_v his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o rent_n and_o profit_n of_o that_o patrimony_n which_o attend_v the_o principality_n and_o therefore_o ferdinando_n claim_v to_o himself_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n which_o he_o have_v gain_v with_o the_o rent_n and_o profit_v he_o have_v raise_v out_o of_o castille_n during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o marriage_n as_o mariana_n testify_v hispan_n lib._n 28._o hist_o hispan_n for_o although_o a_o king_n have_v but_o the_o mean_a profit_n arise_v out_o of_o that_o patrimony_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o have_v the_o right_a of_o govern_v the_o people_n who_o have_v elect_v he_o yet_o be_v those_o profit_n proper_o his_o own_o as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n where_o though_o the_o inheritance_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v restore_v yet_o the_o profit_n be_v not_o because_o they_o be_v perceive_v not_o from_o the_o inheritance_n but_o from_o the_o thing_n itself_o possible_a therefore_o it_o be_v that_o a_o king_n may_v be_v so_o possess_v of_o the_o government_n over_o some_o people_n in_o his_o own_o proper_a right_n that_o it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n to_o alienate_v it_o as_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o baldwin_n by_o those_o that_o accompany_v he_o in_o his_o expedition_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n that_o the_o half_a of_o
to_o dominion_n or_o empire_n because_o there_o be_v few_o of_o they_o but_o some_o that_o be_v unborn_a may_v pretend_v a_o title_n to_o if_o we_o say_v it_o may_v then_o will_v it_o seem_v as_o strong_a how_o silence_n can_v prejudice_v they_o that_o can_v never_o speak_v as_o have_v as_o yet_o no_o existence_n or_o how_o the_o fact_n of_o one_o man_n may_v damnify_v another_o to_o resolve_v this_o we_o must_v know_v right_n he_o that_o have_v no_o visible_a be_v can_v have_v no_o right_n that_o he_o that_o have_v no_o visible_a be_v can_v have_v no_o right_n as_o that_o which_o have_v no_o existence_n can_v have_v no_o accident_n wherefore_o if_o the_o people_n from_o who_o will_n all_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n do_v original_o proceed_v may_v change_v their_o will_n sure_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o injure_v those_o that_o be_v as_o yet_o unborn_a see_v they_o have_v as_o yet_o not_o acquire_v right_o but_o as_o the_o people_n may_v change_v their_o will_n express_o so_o may_v they_o be_v believe_v to_o do_v it_o tacit_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o people_n have_v change_v their_o will_n and_o that_o the_o right_n of_o those_o who_o be_v as_o yet_o unborn_a do_v not_o exist_v but_o that_o the_o parent_n of_o who_o they_o may_v be_v bear_v and_o who_o have_v a_o right_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o have_v preserve_v it_o for_o they_o do_v relinquish_v it_o what_o shall_v hinder_v but_o that_o what_o be_v thus_o desert_v may_v be_v occupy_v by_o another_o many_o example_n we_o find_v in_o history_n of_o such_o dereliction_n 18._o many_o example_n of_o dereliction_n mariana_n l._n 13._o c._n 18._o the_o most_o eminent_a be_v that_o of_o lewis_n the_o nine_o of_o france_n who_o we_o find_v renounce_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o child_n all_o that_o right_n which_o by_o his_o mother_n blanch_n he_o may_v have_v claim_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n and_o those_o renunciation_n which_o the_o infanta_n of_o spain_n do_v usual_o make_v whensoever_o they_o marry_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v of_o force_n to_o debar_v they_o and_o their_o child_n from_o all_o pretension_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o that_o right_n which_o be_v natural_a for_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o many_o other_o fiction_n so_o this_o also_o may_v be_v introduce_v that_o the_o law_n may_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n sustain_v the_o person_n of_o such_o as_o be_v unborn_a and_o may_v so_o provide_v that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v possess_v by_o any_o other_o to_o their_o prejudice_n as_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v for_o the_o inheritance_n of_o infant_n and_o idiot_n but_o whether_o the_o law_n will_v do_v it_o or_o not_o be_v not_o rash_o to_o be_v presume_v because_o what_o thus_o conduce_v to_o the_o particular_a benefit_n of_o these_o may_v haply_o much_o endanger_v the_o commonwealth_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o such_o a_o right_n may_v be_v establish_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o can_v lawful_o be_v alienate_v by_o any_o one_o act_n which_o notwithstanding_o for_o the_o avoid_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o dominion_n may_v by_o the_o neglect_n of_o claim_n in_o some_o certain_a time_n be_v lose_v yet_o so_o that_o they_o that_o shall_v afterward_o be_v bear_v may_v have_v their_o personal_a action_n against_o those_o by_o who_o neglect_n they_o have_v lose_v their_o right_n or_o against_o their_o heir_n xi_o that_o the_o title_n to_o empire_n may_v be_v get_v or_o lose_v by_o prescription_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o a_o just_a title_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o one_o king_n against_o another_o and_o by_o one_o free_a people_n against_o another_o not_o only_o by_o express_a consent_n but_o by_o dereliction_n and_o the_o occupancy_n follow_v it_o create_v as_o it_o be_v from_o thence_o a_o new_a right_n or_o title_n unto_o it_o for_o as_o to_o that_o general_a maxim_n quae_fw-la ab_fw-la initio_fw-la non_fw-la valent_fw-la ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la convalescere_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la those_o title_n which_o be_v original_o naught_o can_v by_o any_o post_n fact_n be_v make_v good_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o exception_n unless_o some_o new_a cause_n do_v intervene_v which_o of_o itself_o be_v apt_a and_o able_a to_o form_v a_o new_a right_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n that_o be_v by_o a_o manifest_a dereliction_n and_o a_o long_a possession_n he_o that_o be_v a_o true_a king_n may_v lose_v his_o kingdom_n and_o become_v a_o subject_a to_o the_o people_n and_o he_o that_o be_v real_o no_o king_n but_o a_o prince_n may_v become_v a_o absolute_a king_n and_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v once_o whole_o in_o either_o king_n or_o people_n may_v at_o length_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v among_o they_o xii_o whether_o king_n be_v oblige_v by_o those_o civil_a law_n of_o usucapion_n or_o prescription_n but_o here_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o unworthy_a our_o pain_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o law_n of_o usucapion_n or_o prescription_n have_v the_o stamp_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n may_v bind_v he_o also_o that_o make_v it_o or_o whether_o the_o very_a right_n of_o empire_n or_o their_o necessary_a part_n which_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o explain_v be_v subject_a to_o this_o law_n of_o prescription_n and_o uninterrupted_a possession_n some_o civilian_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v and_o those_o not_o a_o few_o especial_o of_o such_o as_o handle_v question_n concern_v sovereign_a empire_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o we_o with_o some_o other_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n direct_o king_n not_o always_o bind_v by_o their_o own_o law_n direct_o for_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o law_n it_o be_v require_v that_o in_o the_o law_n maker_n there_o shall_v be_v both_o a_o power_n and_o a_o will_v at_o least_o strong_o presume_v so_o to_o do_v but_o no_o man_n can_v proper_o impose_v a_o law_n upon_o himself_o as_o a_o superior_a upon_o a_o inferior_a for_o then_o the_o person_n command_v and_o the_o person_n command_v will_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o he_o that_o have_v power_n to_o make_v a_o law_n have_v also_o a_o power_n to_o change_v that_o law_n and_o consequent_o not_o only_a to_o command_v according_a to_o law_n but_o to_o command_v sometime_o the_o law_n themselves_o for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o yet_o a_o king_n may_v stand_v oblige_v by_o his_o own_o law_n though_o not_o direct_o 85._o though_o indirect_o they_o may_v vide_fw-la infra_fw-la bo._n 2._o ch_n 20._o §._o 22._o sen._n epist_n 85._o yet_o by_o reflection_n namely_o as_o he_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a and_o so_o in_o natural_a equity_n ought_v to_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o whole_a as_o saul_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v say_v to_o do_v 1_o sam._n 14.40_o so_o in_o a_o ship_n the_o captain_n sustain_v two_o person_n one_o common_a with_o the_o rest_n be_v carry_v also_o along_o with_o they_o the_o other_o proper_a as_o he_o be_v governor_n both_o of_o the_o ship_n and_o those_o that_o be_v in_o it_o but_o here_o we_o look_v at_o the_o lawgiver_n not_o as_o apart_o but_o as_o one_o in_o who_o the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v contract_v for_o in_o this_o place_n we_o treat_v of_o sovereign_a power_n as_o such_o neither_o be_v it_o easy_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n to_o comprehend_v himself_o under_o the_o law_n he_o make_v unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o matter_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v universal_a as_o in_o the_o apprise_n of_o commodity_n and_o the_o like_a for_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n shall_v be_v bound_v and_o limit_v by_o the_o law_n as_o other_o thing_n be_v it_o be_v in_o dignity_n far_o above_o it_o for_o if_o we_o once_o admit_v it_o to_o be_v absolute_a and_o supreme_a we_o must_v also_o grant_v it_o some_o privilege_n and_o prerogative_n above_o and_o before_o other_o i_o never_o yet_o find_v any_o civil_a law_n that_o treat_v of_o prescription_n that_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n be_v understand_v to_o include_v the_o high_a power_n hence_o than_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o neither_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n can_v suffice_v to_o acquire_v a_o sovereign_a empire_n or_o any_o of_o its_o necessary_a part_n in_o case_n these_o natural_a conjecture_n whereof_o we_o have_v here_o treat_v be_v want_v nor_o be_v such_o a_o space_n of_o time_n require_v if_o within_o that_o time_n sufficient_a conjecture_n of_o dereliction_n shall_v appear_v nor_o last_o do_v the_o civil_a law_n which_o forbid_v thing_n
to_o be_v acquire_v ☜_o no_o prescription_n without_o strong_a conjecture_n of_o dereliction_n can_v lie_v against_o a_o king_n as_o such_o ☜_o within_o such_o a_o certain_a time_n at_o all_o appertain_v to_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o supreme_a power_n yet_o may_v the_o people_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v express_v their_o will_n by_o what_o mean_n and_o in_o what_o space_n of_o time_n the_o government_n by_o not_o use_v it_o shall_v be_v lose_v which_o will_v so_o express_v aught_o without_o doubt_n to_o have_v be_v follow_v nor_o can_v it_o then_o have_v be_v infringe_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o though_o invest_v with_o supreme_a power_n because_o it_o appertain_v not_o to_o the_o empire_n itself_o but_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o explain_v it_o xiii_o what_o be_v not_o inseparable_a from_o sovereignty_n may_v be_v get_v or_o lose_v by_o prescription_n but_o what_o thing_n soever_o be_v not_o essential_a to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n nor_o belong_v unto_o it_o as_o its_o natural_a propriety_n but_o may_v natural_o be_v either_o separate_v from_o it_o or_o at_o least_o communicate_v with_o other_o be_v also_o subject_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o every_o people_n which_o be_v in_o force_n concern_v usucapion_n and_o prescription_n so_o we_o read_v of_o some_o subject_n who_o have_v gain_v by_o prescription_n that_o it_o can_v be_v appeal_v from_o they_o yet_o so_o that_o always_o some_o appeal_n may_v be_v make_v from_o namely_o by_o petition_n or_o some_o such_o like_a way_n for_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o appeal_n at_o all_o from_o any_o be_v not_o consistent_a with_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o subject_a and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o appertain_v to_o sovereignty_n or_o to_o some_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o nor_o can_v it_o otherwise_o be_v obtain_v than_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o which_o the_o high_a power_n themselves_o be_v subject_a fourteen_o that_o subject_n may_v at_o all_o time_n assert_v their_o own_o liberty_n refute_v vasquius_fw-la refuted_a hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o discern_v how_o far_o forth_o we_o may_v admit_v of_o that_o which_o vasquius_fw-la and_o other_o maintain_v namely_o that_o subject_n may_v at_o all_o time_n endeavour_v if_o they_o can_v to_o recover_v that_o liberty_n which_o belong_v to_o a_o free_a people_n because_o what_o be_v by_o force_n get_v may_v by_o force_n be_v regain_v and_o of_o that_o which_o at_o first_o proceed_v from_o the_o will_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o repent_v and_o to_o change_v the_o will_n for_o both_o that_o empire_n that_o be_v at_o first_o gain_v by_o force_n may_v in_o time_n by_o the_o tacit_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n yield_v thereunto_o a_o willing_a obedience_n receive_v a_o firm_a and_o establish_v right_o as_o also_o that_o will_n either_o at_o the_o first_o establishment_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o by_o a_o postnate_a fact_n may_v be_v such_o as_o shall_v give_v such_o a_o right_n as_o shall_v not_o afterward_o depend_v upon_o that_o will_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a speech_n that_o josephus_n record_v of_o king_n agrippa_n to_o those_o jew_n who_o from_o their_o preposterous_a endeavour_n to_o recover_v their_o lose_a liberty_n be_v call_v zealot_n intempestivum_fw-la est_fw-la nunc_fw-la libertatem_fw-la concupiscere_fw-la olim_fw-la ne_fw-la ea_fw-la amitteretur_fw-la certatum_fw-la oportuit_fw-la to_o contend_v now_o for_o your_o liberty_n be_v unseasonable_a this_o you_o shall_v have_v do_v before_o you_o have_v lose_v it_o to_o be_v enslave_v to_o another_o be_v grievous_a the_o misery_n of_o war_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o it_o but_o if_o be_v by_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n reduce_v into_o bondage_n you_o attempt_v to_o free_v yourselves_o non_fw-la amantes_fw-la libertatis_fw-la dicendi_fw-la estis_fw-la sed_fw-la servi_fw-la contumaces_fw-la you_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o affect_v liberty_n but_o rebellion_n so_o josephus_n himself_o to_o the_o same_o jew_n honestum_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la patria_fw-la pugnare_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o fight_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o liberty_n whilst_o we_o have_v it_o be_v honest_a nay_o honourable_a but_o have_v long_o since_o lose_v it_o now_o to_o endeavour_v by_o arm_n to_o recover_v it_o be_v to_o make_v our_o condition_n which_o be_v before_o tolerable_a 3._o de_fw-fr cyri_n inst_z lib._n 3._o now_o desperate_a thus_o do_v cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n answer_v king_n armenius_n who_o will_v fain_o have_v excuse_v his_o defection_n by_o his_o earnest_a desire_n of_o his_o lose_a liberty_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o a_o long_a continue_a patience_n in_o a_o king_n as_o i_o have_v above_o describe_v may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o people_n to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n upon_o a_o presumption_n of_o a_o dereliction_n xv._o thing_n mere_o in_o our_o power_n be_v not_o lose_v by_o prescription_n neither_o be_v those_o right_n lose_v by_o prescription_n that_o be_v not_o exercise_v frequent_o but_o may_v be_v once_o at_o a_o time_n convenient_a as_o the_o right_n of_o redemption_n of_o thing_n mortgage_v or_o give_v in_o pledge_n as_o also_o those_o right_n of_o our_o free_a liberty_n to_o do_v such_o other_o act_n whereunto_o that_o act_n already_o execute_v be_v not_o direct_o contrary_a but_o be_v rather_o comprehend_v in_o it_o as_o a_o part_n be_v in_o its_o whole_a as_o in_o case_n a_o man_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o association_n with_o one_o of_o his_o neighbour_n only_o and_o continue_v the_o same_o for_o a_o hundred_o year_n whereas_o he_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o have_v do_v the_o like_a with_o other_o also_o within_o that_o time_n those_o right_n of_o his_o liberty_n i_o say_v be_v not_o by_o prescription_n lose_v until_o be_v prohibit_v to_o exercise_v it_o or_o compel_v to_o forego_v it_o he_o obey_v it_o and_o sufficient_o signify_v his_o consent_n thereunto_o which_o be_v congruous_a not_o only_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n but_o to_o natural_a reason_n may_v also_o be_v in_o force_n even_o among_o man_n of_o the_o high_a fortune_n chap._n v._o how_o a_o right_a over_o person_n be_v original_o gain_v where_o also_o the_o right_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n of_o matrimony_n of_o college_n or_o society_n of_o king_n over_o subject_n and_o of_o master_n over_o servant_n be_v discuss_v i._o what_o right_a parent_n have_v over_o their_o child_n ii_o this_o right_a varye_n with_o their_o age_n of_o infant_n and_o what_o right_o they_o have_v over_o their_o estate_n iii_o of_o their_o right_n over_o their_o child_n be_v past_o their_o infancy_n whilst_o they_o be_v in_o their_o family_n iu._n what_o coercive_a power_n parent_n have_v over_o they_o v._o what_o right_a they_o have_v to_o sell_v they_o vi_o what_o right_a they_o have_v over_o they_o when_o out_o of_o their_o infancy_n and_o family_n vii_o their_o power_n distinguish_v into_o natural_a and_o civil_a viii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o a_o husband_n over_o his_o wife_n ix_o whether_o the_o tie_n up_o of_o one_o man_n to_o one_o woman_n inseparable_o be_v necessary_a to_o marriage_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o of_o the_o gospel_n only_o x._o by_o the_o sole_a law_n of_o nature_n the_o want_n of_o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n null_v not_o a_o marriage_n xi_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n the_o marriage_n of_o another_o wife_n or_o husband_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la void_a xii_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o marriage_n of_o parent_n with_o their_o child_n be_v void_a xiii_o so_o be_v marriage_n of_o brother_n and_o sister_n of_o the_o mother-in-law_n with_o the_o son-in-law_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o divine_a voluntary_a law_n fourteen_o but_o of_o kindred_n more_o remote_a it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o by_o that_o law_n they_o be_v unlawful_a xv._o some_o of_o those_o contract_n which_o the_o law_n call_v concubinary_a may_v amount_v to_o marriage_n and_o be_v lawful_a xvi_o some_o marriage_n though_o unlawful_a to_o have_v be_v do_v yet_o be_v do_v be_v lawful_a xvii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o a_o society_n xviii_o where_o the_o vote_n be_v equal_a which_o part_n carry_v the_o sentence_n xix_o what_o sentence_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o what_o conjoin_v xx._n the_o right_n of_o the_o absent_a be_v devolve_v on_o those_o that_o be_v present_a xxi_o what_o order_n be_v use_v among_o person_n equal_a even_o among_o king_n xxii_o where_o diverse_a society_n claim_v unequal_a share_n in_o the_o same_o thing_n their_o vote_n shall_v be_v reckon_v according_a to_o their_o respective_a part_n in_o the_o thing_n xxiii_o of_o the_o power_n that_o city_n have_v over_o their_o citizen_n xxiv_o whether_o citizen_n may_v desert_v their_o city_n explain_v by_o distinction_n xxv_o no_o city_n have_v power_n over_o her_o banish_a citizen_n xxvi_o what_o power_n by_o
altogether_o discharge_v of_o the_o duty_n incumbent_a on_o he_o as_o a_o father_n nature_n itself_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o alienation_n but_o yet_o he_o may_v commit_v his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n to_o be_v feed_v and_o educate_v by_o way_n of_o substitution_n xxvii_o what_o power_n lord_n have_v over_o their_o slave_n the_o most_o ignoble_a of_o all_o subjection_n be_v that_o whereby_o a_o man_n give_v himself_o up_o to_o perfect_a slavery_n such_o be_v they_o among_o the_o german_n of_o who_o tacitus_n speak_v that_o sell_v themselves_o for_o food_n and_o raiment_n and_o of_o such_o there_o be_v great_a number_n among_o the_o grecian_n who_o as_o dion_n prusaeensis_n note_v of_o freeman_n become_v slave_n and_o perform_v their_o service_n according_a to_o article_n of_o agreement_n now_o that_o we_o call_v perfect_a bondage_n which_o tie_v a_o man_n during_o life_n to_o perform_v all_o manner_n of_o work_n for_o no_o other_o reward_n but_o food_n and_o clothing_n which_o if_o it_o extend_v itself_o to_o whatsoever_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v grieve_v at_o for_o our_o continual_a labour_n be_v indifferent_o well_o recompense_v with_o a_o constant_a supply_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n which_o they_o that_o hire_v out_o themselves_o by_o the_o day_n only_o do_v often_o want_v this_o the_o stoic_a possidonius_fw-la observe_v out_o of_o history_n that_o many_o in_o ancient_a time_n conscious_a of_o their_o own_o weakness_n to_o maintain_v themselves_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o be_v command_v by_o other_o constant_o perform_v what_o they_o be_v able_a and_o receive_v from_o their_o lord_n whatsoever_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o like_o he_o in_o plautus_n if_o i_o be_v free_a the_o charge_n be_v i_o but_o be_v bind_v that_o charge_n be_v thou_o xxviii_o whether_o this_o power_n extend_v to_o life_n and_o death_n no_o lord_n can_v have_v absolute_a power_n over_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o his_o slave_n if_o we_o respect_v internal_a justice_n for_o no_o man_n can_v take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o another_o and_o be_v guiltless_a unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o capital_a crime_n commit_v and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o some_o nation_n he_o that_o shall_v kill_v his_o slave_n for_o what_o cause_n soever_o be_v indemnify_v as_o king_n be_v in_o all_o nation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o vast_a and_o unlimited_a power_n for_o as_o seneca_n note_n if_o a_o servant_n dare_v not_o plead_v with_o his_o master_n for_o fear_n of_o suffer_v the_o worst_a of_o torment_n 22._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 3._o c._n 22._o no_o more_o dare_v subject_n with_o their_o prince_n nor_o soldier_n with_o their_o general_n who_o have_v all_o of_o they_o equal_a right_n though_o under_o unequal_a title_n no_o master_n then_o have_v a_o just_a power_n to_o injure_v his_o slave_n but_o only_o as_o that_o be_v sometime_o improper_o call_v just_o which_o be_v do_v be_v not_o punishable_a such_o a_o right_o do_v solon_n give_v to_o parent_n over_o their_o own_o child_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n witness_v that_o of_o sopater_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o be_v a_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o child_n if_o they_o offend_v for_o the_o law_n presume_v upon_o the_o father_n integrity_n have_v permit_v such_o a_o right_n unto_o he_o the_o like_a power_n say_v dion_z we_o find_v permit_v in_o many_o nation_n famous_a for_o wise_a and_o wholesome_a law_n xxix_o of_o the_o child_n of_o slave_n that_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v in_o their_o master_n family_n slave_n vide_fw-la infra_fw-la ch._n 8._o §._o 18._o pliny_n l._n 10._o c._n 34._o de_fw-la columbis_fw-la lex_fw-la visigothica_n the_o sclavonian_a law_n judge_v the_o child_n by_o the_o father_n the_o law_n of_o england_n littleton_n de_fw-fr villanagio_n the_o roman_a law_n what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o parent_n can_v maintain_v the_o child_n but_o at_o the_o lord_n charge_v the_o child_n be_v a_o slave_n but_o of_o the_o child_n of_o captive_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o slave_n in_o their_o lord_n family_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o more_o difficult_a question_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o of_o other_o nation_n concern_v captive_n as_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o show_v as_o of_o brute_n beast_n so_o of_o people_n of_o a_o servile_a condition_n it_o hold_v true_a that_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la as_o be_v the_o mother_n so_o be_v the_o child_n but_o this_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o altogether_o congruous_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n especial_o where_o the_o father_n of_o the_o child_n may_v be_v sufficient_o know_v for_o since_o even_o among_o dumb_a creature_n as_o pliny_n observe_v of_o dove_n amor_fw-la utrique_fw-la sobolis_fw-la aequalis_fw-la both_o parent_n be_v equal_o concern_v for_o their_o own_o young_a thereby_o acknowledge_v their_o common_a interest_n in_o they_o so_o also_o have_v not_o the_o civil_a law_n otherwise_o determine_v the_o child_n have_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o father_n no_o less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o mother_n for_o if_o the_o son_n say_v the_o visigothick_n law_n be_v bear_v and_o create_v by_o both_o parent_n why_o shall_v he_o follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o who_o without_o the_o father_n can_v not_o beget_v he_o among_o the_o sclavonian_n as_o also_o in_o some_o part_n of_o italy_n among_o the_o lombard_n and_o saxon_n the_o child_n be_v account_v either_o bond_n or_o free_a from_o their_o father_n the_o law_n of_o england_n judge_n of_o the_o child_n not_o by_o the_o mother_n but_o by_o the_o father_n for_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v but_o one_o person_n in_o our_o law_n and_o the_o wife_n marry_v a_o freeman_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o issue_n be_v free_a which_o law_n though_o different_a from_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n yet_o as_o aquinus_n note_n do_v not_o much_o deviate_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o why_o not_o since_o among_o the_o roman_n by_o their_o mensian_a law_n if_o both_o the_o parent_n be_v alien_n the_o child_n bear_v of_o they_o be_v so_o too_o as_o ulpian_n tell_v we_o now_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o both_o the_o parent_n be_v slave_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o pain_n to_o know_v whether_o natural_o the_o child_n be_v so_o or_o not_o and_o certain_o if_o the_o parent_n have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o breed_v up_o the_o child_n but_o in_o their_o lord_n family_n or_o at_o his_o charge_n they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o lord_n for_o a_o slave_n for_o although_o the_o child_n be_v ingenuous_a and_o freeborn_a yet_o in_o such_o a_o case_n they_o have_v power_n by_o the_o law_n to_o sell_v he_o and_o in_o case_n the_o parent_n be_v servant_n to_o several_a master_n then_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o child_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v between_o their_o respective_a lord_n but_o if_o they_o have_v but_o one_o child_n then_o of_o right_n it_o belong_v to_o he_o who_o slave_n the_o father_n be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o mother_n be_v first_o satisfy_v for_o his_o half_a part_n and_o yet_o of_o the_o child_n of_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o house_n of_o his_o lord_n two_o part_n do_v accrue_v to_o his_o lord_n and_o but_o one_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o mother_n according_a to_o the_o edict_n of_o theodoric_n not_o otherwise_o not_o as_o cassiodore_n record_v now_o whereas_o i_o say_v before_o that_o the_o parent_n if_o they_o have_v not_o any_o mean_n to_o breed_v up_o their_o child_n but_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o lord_n may_v deliver_v they_o up_o unto_o he_o as_o his_o slave_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o this_o power_n do_v natural_o arise_v from_o their_o supply_v they_o with_o food_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o therefore_o where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o necessity_n as_o where_o there_o be_v other_o mean_n to_o breed_v they_o they_o have_v no_o right_a to_o sell_v they_o and_o so_o it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o charles_n the_o bald_a wherefore_o the_o right_a that_o these_o lord_n have_v in_o the_o child_n of_o their_o bond-servant_n spring_n from_o the_o many_o year_n alimony_n that_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o lord_n before_o they_o can_v be_v serviceable_a to_o he_o which_o they_o be_v to_o recompense_v by_o their_o future_a labour_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o parent_n can_v dispose_v of_o they_o to_o any_o other_o man_n neither_o may_v the_o servant_n flee_v from_o his_o lord_n until_o full_a satisfaction_n be_v give_v unto_o that_o lord_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o education_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v too_o unmerciful_o cruel_a then_o that_o even_o they_o who_o have_v surrender_v themselves_o as_o slave_n may_v provide_v for_o their_o
to_o our_o ancestor_n for_o they_o it_o remain_v that_o the_o succession_n shall_v pass_v to_o he_o that_o be_v dear_a to_o the_o person_n decease_v which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v his_o near_a kinsman_n who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o own_o flesh_n prov._n 11.17_o or_o his_o brother_n deut._n 15.11_o for_o our_o love_n to_o our_o kindred_n shall_v be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o nearness_n they_o be_v unto_o we_o in_o blood_n so_o that_o after_o our_o parent_n they_o be_v best_a to_o be_v provide_v for_o who_o be_v by_o nature_n in_o the_o near_a relation_n unto_o they_o and_o therefore_o among_o the_o grecian_n as_o isaeus_n tell_v we_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a do_v always_o descend_v unto_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n whereunto_o he_o add_v what_o can_v be_v more_o just_a than_o that_o the_o estate_n that_o be_v a_o kinsman_n shall_v descend_v unto_o a_o kinsman_n how_o well_o will_v this_o conserve_v humane_a society_n say_v cicero_n and_o promote_v the_o honour_n of_o private_a family_n if_o the_o near_a any_o man_n be_v ally_v unto_o we_o so_o much_o the_o more_o benign_a and_o bountiful_a we_o will_v be_v unto_o he_o next_o unto_o our_o child_n the_o same_o cicero_n place_v our_o love_a kindred_n who_o as_o they_o be_v near_o so_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o and_o to_o provide_v for_o these_o especial_o be_v a_o debt_n that_o we_o owe_v they_o not_o by_o commutative_a justice_n but_o by_o distributive_a as_o be_v most_o worthy_a for_o the_o honour_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o our_o own_o blood_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o cicero_n speak_v elsewhere_o of_o that_o natural_a affection_n which_o every_o man_n bear_v to_o his_o own_o relation_n tell_v we_o that_o from_o thence_o arise_v the_o testament_n and_o legacy_n of_o die_a man_n it_o be_v much_o more_o equitable_a to_o leave_v our_o estate_n to_o our_o own_o kindred_n than_o unto_o stranger_n this_o be_v the_o charity_n that_o be_v most_o acceptable_a to_o god_n 30._o esay_n 58.7_o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 1._o c._n 30._o as_o esay_n tell_v we_o to_o feed_v the_o hungry_a to_o clothe_v the_o naked_a and_o that_o we_o hide_v not_o ourselves_o from_o our_o own_o flesh_n and_o st._n ambrose_n high_o commend_v that_o liberality_n that_o be_v show_v to_o our_o brethren_n and_o kinsfolk_n as_o be_v next_o in_o blood_n to_o we_o now_o that_o succession_n that_o thus_o descend_v from_o a_o person_n die_v intestate_a be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o silent_a testament_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n make_v authentic_a by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a thus_o quintilian_n also_o next_o unto_o they_o who_o claim_v a_o right_n by_o the_o testator_n testament_n be_v his_o kindred_n in_o case_n he_o die_v intestate_a and_o childless_a not_o because_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v in_o justice_n due_a unto_o they_o but_o because_o be_v desert_v and_o as_o it_o be_v leave_v without_o any_o certain_a owner_n none_o can_v pretend_v so_o much_o right_n to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v the_o next_o of_o kin_n and_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o good_n new_o purchase_v by_o the_o person_n die_v intestate_a that_o they_o natural_o descend_v to_o his_o near_a relation_n may_v as_o true_o be_v say_v of_o such_o good_n as_o descend_v unto_o he_o from_o his_o father_n or_o grandfather_n in_o case_n neither_o they_o from_o who_o they_o descend_v nor_o any_o of_o their_o child_n do_v survive_v to_o who_o in_o point_n of_o gratitude_n they_o shall_v return_v xi_o diversity_n of_o law_n as_o touch_v succession_n now_o though_o what_o we_o have_v here_o say_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a conjecture_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n necessary_a wherefore_o from_o divers_a cause_n move_a man_n will_n succession_n do_v usual_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o agreement_n law_n or_o custom_n rational_o ground_v some_o whereof_z will_v admit_v of_o substitution_n in_o some_o degree_n other_o not_z the_o ancient_a german_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o that_o kind_n of_o succession_n which_o we_o call_v representative_a even_o among_o their_o child_n as_o that_o the_o elder_a brother_n son_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o his_o decease_a father_n which_o right_a first_o take_v place_n in_o france_n by_o a_o edict_n of_o childebert_n and_o be_v first_o introduce_v into_o those_o part_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n by_o otho_n so_o the_o ancient_a scottish_a right_o of_o succession_n go_v according_a to_o the_o sole_a proximity_n in_o blood_n danicor_n pontanus_n 7._o danicor_n and_o not_o by_o substitution_n it_o be_v so_o decree_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v choose_v as_o arbiter_n to_o decide_v that_o difference_n in_o some_o place_n regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o first_o purchaser_n in_o other_o this_o be_v neglect_v there_o be_v some_o country_n where_o the_o first-born_a carry_v away_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o estate_n as_o 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be_v very_o probable_a that_o what_o they_o by_o their_o law_n command_v or_o by_o their_o custom_n approve_v of_o in_o their_o subject_n the_o same_o in_o their_o own_o affair_n they_o hold_v to_o be_v most_o equitable_a so_o as_o no_o great_a damage_n arise_v to_o they_o by_o it_o xii_o how_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a ought_v to_o be_v guide_v daughter_n capable_a to_o succeed_v in_o egypt_n and_o britain_n as_o concern_v the_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o those_o that_o be_v patrimonial_a and_o in_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a manner_n possess_v and_o those_o that_o be_v hold_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o please_v the_o people_n the_o former_a sort_n may_v be_v divide_v even_o between_o the_o son_n and_o daughter_n as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o egypt_n as_o lucan_n testify_v nullo_n discrimine_fw-la sexus_fw-la reginam_fw-la scit_fw-la far_o pharos_n in_o egypt_n throne_n difference_n of_o sex_n there_o be_v none_o the_o like_a do_v tacitus_n record_v of_o the_o british_a empire_n in_o asia_n after_o semiramis_n tac._n neque_fw-la enim_fw-la sexum_n in_fw-la imperiis_fw-la discernunt_fw-la tac._n many_o woman_n be_v permit_v to_o reign_v say_v arrianus_n as_o nitocris_n in_o babylon_n artimissa_n in_o halicarnassus_n and_o tomyris_n among_o the_o scythian_n yea_o and_o such_o kingdom_n may_v be_v divide_v as_o in_o asia_n all_o the_o brother_n reign_n together_o though_o one_o only_o have_v a_o principal_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o custom_n the_o empress_n irene_n will_v without_o any_o precedent_n have_v introduce_v into_o the_o constantinopolitan_a empire_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o andronicus_n palaeologus_n as_o gregoras_n note_n that_o say_v he_o which_o be_v most_o strange_a and_o to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o she_o be_v not_o willing_a 7._o lib._n 7._o that_o any_o one_o shall_v obtain_v the_o whole_a according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o that_o empire_n but_o according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o the_o western_a prince_n the_o city_n and_o region_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o her_o son_n that_o so_o each_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v his_o kingdom_n as_o his_o patrimony_n just_a as_o the_o estate_n of_o private_a man_n be_v divide_v among_o their_o child_n so_o that_o each_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n shall_v descend_v perpetual_o to_o each_o of_o her_o son_n and_o to_o their_o heir_n after_o they_o for_o be_v herself_o of_o a_o western_a extraction_n she_o endeavour_v to_o introduce_v their_o custom_n without_o example_n neither_o be_v adopt_v son_n less_o capable_a of_o succession_n by_o guess_v as_o the_o will_n of_o the_o intestate_a than_o true_a son_n thus_o do_v hyllus_n the_o son_n of_o hercules_n succeed_v to_o aepalius_fw-la king_n of_o the_o locrian_n by_o adoption_n 9_o strab._n l._n 9_o as_o also_o do_v molossus_n the_o bastard_n in_o the_o
on_o be_v such_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v be_v revoke_v although_o the_o contract_n be_v agreeable_a to_o honesty_n and_o that_o a_o king_n be_v not_o therefore_o bind_v because_o he_o have_v swear_v but_o as_o every_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o such_o just_a covenant_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o other_o party_n but_o we_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o distinguish_v so_o do_v we_o here_o between_o the_o act_n of_o king_n which_o they_o do_v as_o king_n and_o the_o private_a act_n of_o the_o same_o king_n for_o what_o they_o do_v as_o king_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v so_o esteem_v as_o do_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n but_o over_o such_o act_n as_o the_o law_n make_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n can_v have_v no_o power_n because_o the_o community_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o itself_o so_o neither_o can_v the_o prerogative_n law_n of_o a_o king_n null_a his_o own_o public_a act_n because_o a_o king_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o himself_o wherefore_o restitution_n which_o receive_v its_o vigour_n from_o the_o civil_a law_n only_o be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o such_o contract_n neither_o be_v those_o contract_n to_o be_v exempt_v which_o king_n make_v in_o their_o minority_n ii_o to_o what_o act_n of_o king_n the_o law_n extend_v without_o all_o question_n if_o the_o people_n elect_v a_o king_n yet_o not_o with_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n but_o restrain_v he_o with_o some_o law_n then_o what_o act_v he_o shall_v do_v contrary_a to_o those_o law_n may_v by_o those_o law_n be_v make_v null_n either_o altogether_o or_o in_o part_n because_o the_o people_n do_v reserve_v that_o right_n unto_o themselves_o but_o if_o the_o king_n do_v reign_v in_o full_a right_n i._n e._n not_o bound_v by_o any_o law_n yet_o hold_v not_o his_o kingdom_n in_o propriety_n i._n e._n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v it_o or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o or_o of_o its_o revenue_n all_o such_o act_n of_o his_o that_o shall_v tend_v to_o such_o a_o alienation_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n void_a because_o what_o he_o so_o alienates_v be_v not_o his_o own_o but_o the_o private_a act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v not_o as_o the_o act_n of_o the_o community_n but_o as_o the_o act_n of_o a_o part_n and_o be_v therefore_o make_v with_o a_o purpose_n that_o they_o may_v follow_v the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o even_o the_o law_n which_o make_v void_a some_o act_n either_o simple_o or_o if_o the_o person_n damnify_v will_n shall_v take_v place_n even_o here_o also_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v contract_v upon_o this_o condition_n so_o we_o have_v see_v some_o king_n who_o have_v consult_v the_o law_n for_o remedy_n against_o extortion_n yet_o may_v a_o king_n if_o he_o please_v exempt_v from_o those_o law_n his_o own_o act_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n but_o whether_o he_o will_v so_o do_v or_o not_o must_v be_v gather_v from_o circumstance_n if_o he_o do_v then_o shall_v the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n determine_v the_o case_n yet_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o where_o the_o law_n do_v make_v void_a any_o private_a man_n act_n not_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o person_n act_v but_o as_o his_o punishment_n those_o law_n be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o the_o act_n of_o king_n nor_o indeed_o any_o other_o penal_a law_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o imply_v vim_o cogendi_fw-la a_o power_n coercive_a for_o to_o punish_v and_o to_o compel_v can_v proceed_v but_o from_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a will_n and_o so_o from_o distinct_a person_n neither_o can_v the_o compeller_n and_o the_o compel_v be_v any_o one_o person_n though_o under_o diverse_a respect_n iii_o when_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n and_o when_o not_o a_o king_n may_v make_v void_a his_o own_o oath_n as_o a_o private_a man_n antecedenter_n i._n e._n if_o by_o a_o former_a oath_n he_o have_v deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n to_o oblige_v himself_o by_o oath_n to_o any_o such_o thing_n but_o consequent_o he_o can_v for_o herein_o also_o be_v require_v a_o distinction_n of_o person_n beside_o to_o every_o such_o absolution_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o in_o the_o very_a oath_n before_o take_v there_o shall_v have_v be_v this_o limitation_n or_o exception_n either_o express_v or_o imply_v nisi_fw-la superior_a voluerit_fw-la unless_o my_o prince_n command_v the_o contrary_a which_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o king_n can_v be_v admit_v because_o this_o be_v to_o make_v a_o king_n superior_a to_o himself_o or_o to_o make_v his_o oath_n still_o to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o will_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o whereas_o a_o oath_n though_o make_v may_v confer_v no_o right_n to_o another_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o default_n in_o that_o person_n yet_o be_v he_o that_o swear_v bind_v before_o god_n to_o make_v good_a what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v as_o be_v before_o say_v and_o thus_o also_o be_v king_n bind_v by_o their_o oath_n which_o they_o make_v no_o less_o than_o private_a man_n though_o bodinus_fw-la think_v otherwise_o iv_o how_o far_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o those_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v without_o cause_n we_o have_v likewise_o already_o show_v that_o full_a and_o absolute_a promise_n be_v accept_v of_o do_v natural_o transfer_v our_o right_n to_o another_o now_o this_o hold_v as_o well_o in_o king_n as_o in_o private_a man_n their_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v who_o say_v that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o promise_n which_o they_o make_v without_o good_a cause_n which_o notwithstanding_o may_v in_o some_o sense_n be_v true_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o v._o of_o what_o use_n that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o law_n about_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n that_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o a_o kingdom_n have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n be_v well_o acknowledge_v by_o vasquius_fw-la but_o that_o which_o he_o will_v thence_o infer_v namely_o that_o what_o be_v by_o he_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o no_o price_n certain_a or_o what_o be_v by_o he_o let_v or_o take_v to_o hire_v without_o any_o rent_n agree_v on_o or_o what_o he_o shall_v give_v away_o in_o fee_n without_o any_o write_n or_o grant_v under_o his_o hand_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n we_o can_v admit_v for_o these_o act_n be_v do_v by_o he_o not_o as_o a_o king_n but_o as_o any_o private_a person_n and_o over_o such_o act_n as_o these_o not_o only_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o even_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o that_o city_n wherein_o the_o king_n reside_v have_v power_n because_o the_o king_n for_o some_o special_a reason_n place_v himself_o there_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o corporation_n unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v by_o good_a circumstance_n that_o it_o be_v his_o will_n that_o those_o act_n of_o his_o shall_v be_v exempt_v from_o the_o power_n of_o those_o law_n but_o that_o other_o example_n bring_v by_o the_o same_o vasquius_fw-la concern_v a_o promise_n any_o way_n make_v do_v very_o well_o agree_v and_o may_v be_v explain_v by_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v vi_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o or_o by_o civil_a law_n that_o which_o civilian_n do_v general_o affirm_v that_o the_o covenant_n which_o a_o king_n enter_v into_o with_o his_o subject_n do_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v somewhat_o obscure_a for_o that_o be_v sometime_o corrupt_o say_v by_o the_o lawgiver_n natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o honesty_n but_o yet_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v due_a as_o for_o a_o executor_n to_o pay_v the_o entire_a legacy_n without_o defalcation_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o testator_n estate_n leave_v he_o or_o to_o pay_v a_o just_a debt_n though_o the_o creditor_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n uncapable_a of_o receive_v it_o or_o to_o requite_v a_o courtesy_n receive_v all_o which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v recover_v by_o any_o action_n at_o law_n sometime_o again_o that_o be_v more_o proper_o say_v natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v indeed_o true_o obligatory_a whether_o it_o be_v such_o as_o transfer_v a_o right_a unto_o another_o as_o in_o contract_n or_o such_o as_o transfer_v none_o as_o in_o a_o full_a and_o firm_a pollicitation_n maimonides_n the_o jew_n do_v very_o apt_o distinguish_v between_o these_o three_o whatsoever_o come_v more_o than_o be_v due_a fall_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o mercy_n which_o
miracle_n that_o be_v wrought_v by_o he_o and_o his_o apostle_n which_o thing_n be_v matter_n of_o fact_n though_o of_o old_a confirm_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o most_o irrefragable_a testimony_n yet_o of_o old_a so_o that_o this_o be_v a_o question_n of_o fact_n and_o that_o now_o of_o great_a antiquity_n much_o more_o may_v this_o be_v question_v by_o such_o as_o now_o live_v so_o many_o age_n distant_a from_o that_o age_n wherein_o they_o be_v do_v as_o well_o as_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o history_n which_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o that_o be_v especial_o by_o those_o who_o never_o hear_v of_o they_o before_o nor_o have_v any_o of_o those_o help_v either_o inward_a or_o outward_a which_o be_v necessary_a to_o beget_v faith_n and_o therefore_o we_o say_v that_o faith_n be_v not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o grace_n and_o that_o as_o when_o god_n give_v it_o it_o be_v not_o as_o the_o reward_n of_o any_o plead_a merit_n so_o when_o he_o deny_v it_o or_o give_v it_o more_o spare_o it_o be_v for_o cause_n not_o indeed_o unjust_a though_o unto_o we_o for_o the_o most_o part_n unknown_a and_o so_o not_o at_o all_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o canon_n of_o the_o toletane_a council_n make_v whereby_o it_o be_v decree_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v enforce_v thenceforth_o to_o christianity_n 9_o rom._n 9_o for_o it_o be_v say_v he_o will_v have_v mercy_n on_o who_o he_o will_v have_v mercy_n and_o who_o he_o will_v he_o hardenenh_o so_o josephus_n every_o man_n ought_v to_o worship_n god_n willing_o and_o free_o and_o not_o by_o compulsion_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n to_o attribute_v that_o to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n whereof_o no_o probable_a cause_n can_v be_v assign_v by_o man_n wherefore_o since_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o man_n to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o some_o man_n do_v believe_v and_o other_o not_o though_o both_o have_v the_o same_o outward_a help_n and_o mean_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o resolve_v all_o such_o doubt_n in_o god_n will_v say_v he_o will_v have_v mercy_n on_o who_o he_o will_v have_v mercy_n and_o who_o he_o will_v he_o harden_v neither_o be_v this_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n only_o but_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o profane_a author_n who_o when_o in_o doubtful_a case_n they_o find_v not_o reason_n sufficient_a to_o inform_v their_o judgement_n supply_v that_o defect_n with_o a_o sic_fw-la visum_fw-la thus_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o second_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o christ_n the_o author_n of_o the_o new_a law_n do_v never_o intend_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o receive_v it_o by_o temporal_a punishment_n or_o drive_v thereunto_o by_o the_o fear_n of_o they_o we_o have_v not_o receive_v say_v st_n paul_n the_o spirit_n of_o bondage_n to_o fear_n 13.24_o jo._n 6.67_o luke_n 9.54_o matth._n 13.24_o rom._n 8.15_o so_o heb._n 2.15_o in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o tertullian_n say_v nova_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la se_fw-la vindicat_fw-la ultore_fw-la gladio_fw-la the_o gospel_n do_v not_o call_v for_o the_o sword_n to_o avenge_v its_o injury_n isidore_n speak_v of_o sisebutus_n king_n of_o spain_n say_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v inflame_v with_o a_o zeal_n for_o god_n glory_n though_o not_o according_a to_o knowledge_n he_o compel_v the_o jew_n to_o christianity_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n who_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v win_v to_o the_o faith_n by_o meek_a and_o gentle_a persuasion_n and_o for_o this_o very_a cause_n be_v the_o latter_a king_n of_o spain_n high_o blame_v by_o osorius_n and_o mariana_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o clement_n it_o be_v say_v of_o christ_n that_o he_o leave_v to_o every_o man_n the_o free_a power_n of_o his_o own_o will_n not_o punish_v the_o breach_n of_o his_o law_n with_o temporal_a death_n but_o call_v they_o to_o a_o account_n for_o it_o in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v so_o our_o bless_a lord_n leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o will_n make_v proclamation_n open_o to_o all_o if_o any_o man_n will_v come_v after_o i_o vanitate_fw-la vid._n cypr._n ep._n 55._o &_o the_o idolor_n vanitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o to_o his_o apostle_n will_v you_o also_o forsake_v i_o as_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o own_o choice_n without_o lay_v any_o enforcement_n upon_o their_o will_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o parable_n of_o the_o great_a supper_n it_o be_v say_v that_o some_o be_v compel_v to_o come_v in_o it_o be_v answer_v 14.23_o luke_n 14.23_o that_o as_o in_o that_o parable_n the_o word_n compel_v argue_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o vehement_a solicitation_n so_o also_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o moral_a of_o that_o parable_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o same_o word_n be_v take_v luke_n 24.29_o and_o not_o otherwise_o matth._n 14.22_o mark_v 6.45_o gal._n 2.14_o procopius_n in_o his_o secret_a history_n tell_v we_o that_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n be_v by_o many_o very_a wise_a man_n tax_v for_o compel_v the_o samarite_n by_o force_n and_o menace_n to_o christianity_n add_v thereunto_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o be_v likely_a to_o arise_v thereupon_o xlix_o that_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o they_o that_o persecute_v christian_n as_o such_o but_o they_o that_o persecute_v other_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o because_o they_o either_o teach_v or_o profess_v the_o christian_a religion_n be_v most_o unreasonable_a for_o certain_o our_o christian_a doctrine_n consider_v in_o its_o sincerity_n without_o any_o commixture_n contain_v nothing_o prejudicial_a to_o humane_a society_n nay_o that_o do_v not_o rather_o advance_v it_o it_o shall_v speak_v for_o itself_o and_o its_o enemy_n shall_v confess_v no_o less_o pliny_n report_v of_o the_o christian_n of_o his_o time_n that_o they_o have_v oblige_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o abstain_v from_o theft_n and_o robbery_n and_o not_o to_o break_v their_o faith_n with_o any_o man_n ammianus_n speak_v of_o our_o religion_n say_v that_o it_o teach_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v just_a and_o merciful_a so_o do_v arnobius_n treat_v of_o christian_a assembly_n wherein_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v hear_v but_o what_o exhort_v to_o humanity_n meekness_n bashfulness_n modesty_n chastity_n and_o communicate_v of_o their_o good_n to_o all_o man_n as_o if_o they_o be_v all_o link_v together_o by_o brotherly_a love_n and_o it_o be_v the_o usual_a character_n that_o the_o very_a heathen_a give_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v secta_fw-la nemini_fw-la molesta_fw-la a_o sect_n of_o religion_n offensive_a to_o none_o zozimus_fw-la though_o a_o pagan_a give_v this_o testimony_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n that_o it_o be_v a_o promise_n and_o engagement_n to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o crime_n and_o from_o all_o impiety_n 2._o apolog._n 2._o so_o likewise_o tertullian_n we_o say_v he_o be_v coadjutor_n and_o fellow-labourer_n with_o you_o in_o establish_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o empire_n instruct_v our_o auditor_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o conceal_v himself_o from_o god_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o evil_a doer_n a_o thief_n a_o traitor_n or_o a_o just_a person_n as_o also_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v to_o eternal_a either_o life_n or_o death_n according_a to_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o deed_n tertullian_n also_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o common_a byword_n in_o his_o time_n bone_fw-la vir_fw-la cajus_n sejus_n tantum_fw-la quod_fw-la christianus_n he_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n only_o he_o be_v a_o christian_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o all_o innovation_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v especial_o conventicle_n and_o private_a assembly_n i_o answer_v that_o those_o doctrine_n though_o new_a be_v least_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o teach_v all_o thing_n that_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a but_o principal_o those_o that_o exact_v due_a obedience_n to_o magistrate_n neither_o shall_v the_o private_a assembly_n of_o just_a and_o innocent_a man_n be_v either_o envy_v or_o suspect_v especial_o of_o such_o as_o desire_v not_o to_o abscond_v themselves_o unless_o they_o be_v persecute_v and_o here_o i_o may_v just_o apply_v unto_o these_o christian_a assembly_n what_o philo_n record_v that_o augustus_n say_v of_o the_o jewish_a convention_n legatione_n in_o legatione_n non_fw-la eos_fw-la bacchanalia_fw-la esse_fw-la aut_fw-la coetus_fw-la turbandae_fw-la paci_fw-la sed_fw-la virtutum_fw-la scholas_fw-la that_o such_o meeting_n be_v not_o for_o revel_v or_o for_o sedition_n but_o mere_a academy_n for_o virtue_n they_o therefore_o that_o persecute_v such_o man_n 108._o aquin._n secunda_fw-la secundae_fw-la q._n 108._o and_o that_o for_o this_o only_a cause_n may_v themselves_o just_o be_v persecute_v upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o constantine_n make_v war_n against_o licinius_n and_o other_o emperor_n against_o the_o persian_n
whether_o a_o error_n do_v excuse_v we_o as_o to_o those_o promise_n make_v through_o error_n or_o misbelief_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v that_o we_o have_v a_o power_n to_o retract_v they_o when_o that_o which_o be_v erroneous_o believe_v be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o promise_n as_o when_o a_o man_n believe_v his_o own_o son_n to_o be_v dead_a adopt_v another_o to_o be_v his_o heir_n v._o the_o objection_n draw_v from_o public_a profit_n answer_v 6._o b._n 2._o ch_n 11._o §_o 6._o but_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o power_n of_o private_a man_n extend_v in_o make_v any_o contract_n with_o a_o enemy_n be_v a_o question_n of_o great_a difficulty_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o no_o private_a man_n can_v alienate_v that_o which_o be_v public_a for_o if_o so_o great_a a_o power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v give_v to_o a_o general_n much_o less_o to_o private_a man_n as_o be_v elsewhere_o prove_v 7._o prove_v ch._n 22._o sect._n 7._o and_o yet_o what_o contract_v private_a man_n may_v make_v with_o a_o enemy_n concern_v their_o own_o private_a affair_n whether_o action_n or_o thing_n may_v very_o well_o be_v doubt_v because_o we_o can_v well_o grant_v these_o to_o our_o enemy_n without_o endamage_v our_o own_o party_n whence_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o such_o contract_v make_v be_v unlawful_a as_o well_o with_o citizen_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o supereminent_a power_n their_o city_n have_v over_o they_o as_o with_o mercenary_a soldier_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o military_a oath_n but_o yâ—t_o we_o must_v know_v that_o such_o agreement_n be_v make_v to_o prevent_v a_o great_a or_o more_o certain_a mischief_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v rather_o as_o beneficial_a than_o destructive_a even_o to_o the_o public_a for_o always_o a_o lesser_a evil_a be_v compare_v with_o a_o great_a have_v the_o appearance_n of_o good_a according_a to_o that_o say_v of_o he_o in_o appian_n of_o evil_n the_o lesser_a be_v most_o eligible_a and_o yet_o neither_o can_v that_o bare_a faith_n whereby_o a_o man_n do_v not_o utter_o renounce_v all_o power_n that_o he_o have_v over_o himself_o and_o all_o that_o he_o have_v nor_o can_v the_o public_a benefit_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o law_n be_v of_o that_o efficacy_n as_o to_o make_v void_a that_o which_o be_v do_v so_o as_o it_o shall_v have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a right_n though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v be_v contrary_a to_o his_o duty_n that_o promise_v it_o the_o law_n indeed_o may_v take_v away_o this_o power_n from_o its_o subject_n whether_o they_o be_v native_n or_o sojourner_n but_o it_o do_v not_o always_o do_v so_o for_o it_o spare_v citizen_n neither_o indeed_o can_v it_o always_o do_v it_o 12._o book_n 1._o ch._n 4._o sect._n 7._o 21._o book_n 2._o chap._n 14._o sect._n 12._o for_o humane_a law_n as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v do_v then_o bind_v when_o make_v after_o a_o humane_a way_n but_o do_v lose_v their_o bind_a power_n when_o they_o impose_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v either_o altogether_o unreasonable_a or_o unnatural_a for_o those_o law_n or_o particular_a mandate_n which_o do_v manifest_o enjoin_v such_o thing_n be_v not_o to_o be_v either_o hold_v or_o obey_v as_o law_n for_o all_o general_a law_n be_v to_o be_v construe_v with_o so_o much_o favour_n to_o humanity_n ☜_o ☜_o as_o not_o to_o bind_v in_o case_n of_o extremity_n but_o if_o that_o act_n which_o by_o any_o law_n or_o precept_n be_v prohibit_v and_o though_o do_v declare_v to_o be_v void_a may_v with_o equal_a right_n be_v so_o prohibit_v then_o shall_v that_o act_n of_o a_o private_a person_n be_v altogether_o void_a yet_o may_v that_o man_n be_v just_o punish_v because_o he_o promise_v that_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a to_o perform_v especial_o if_o being_n bind_v by_o oath_n he_o shall_v do_v it_o vi_o this_o apply_v to_o a_o captive_n promise_v to_o return_v into_o captivity_n a_o promise_n make_v by_o a_o prisoner_n to_o return_v into_o prison_n be_v deserve_o bind_v because_o it_o render_v not_o his_o condition_n worse_o than_o it_o be_v and_o therefore_o that_o fact_n of_o regulus_n be_v not_o only_o glorious_a but_o just_a for_o as_o cicero_n well_o observe_v regulus_n ought_v not_o by_o his_o perjury_n to_o interrupt_v that_o general_a traffic_n and_o commerce_n of_o war_n or_o to_o break_v those_o mutual_a covenant_n and_o convention_n make_v between_o enemy_n yea_o although_o as_o horace_n speak_v he_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o know_v the_o torture_n threaten_v by_o his_o barbarous_a foe_n for_o even_o when_o he_o do_v engage_v himself_o by_o promise_n to_o return_v he_o be_v not_o ignorant_a what_o they_o may_v do_v so_o of_o those_o ten_o captive_n send_v to_o rome_n eight_o of_o they_o deny_v that_o they_o have_v any_o right_a to_o recover_v their_o estate_n by_o postliminy_n be_v bind_v by_o oath_n to_o return_v back_o 18._o lib._n 7._o c._n 18._o as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o gellius_n vii_o or_o to_o such_o a_o place_n or_o not_o to_o take_v arm_n some_o prisoner_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n upon_o their_o promise_n that_o they_o will_v not_o return_v to_o such_o a_o place_n or_o that_o they_o will_v never_o more_o bear_v arm_n against_o they_o under_o who_o power_n they_o then_o be_v a_o example_n of_o the_o former_a we_o may_v find_v in_o thucydides_n where_o the_o ithomenses_n engage_v themselves_o to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o peloponnesus_n and_o never_o to_o return_v thither_o again_o and_o of_o the_o latter_a example_n be_v now_o very_o frequent_a a_o ancient_a example_n whereof_o be_v leave_v we_o by_o polybius_n where_o we_o find_v that_o the_o numidian_n be_v dismiss_v by_o amilcar_n 2._o goth._n l._n 2._o upon_o condition_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v ever_o engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o carthaginian_n the_o like_a condition_n we_o find_v impose_v on_o the_o herulean_n in_o procopius_n yet_o there_o be_v that_o hold_v such_o a_o agreement_n to_o be_v void_a as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o duty_n we_o owe_v unto_o our_o country_n but_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v as_o before_z that_o not_o every_o thing_n that_o we_o do_v contrary_a to_o our_o duty_n be_v present_o void_a beside_o it_o be_v not_o against_o our_o duty_n to_o procure_v our_o own_o liberty_n by_o such_o a_o promise_n because_o be_v already_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n until_o we_o be_v dismiss_v we_o be_v as_o useless_a to_o our_o country_n as_o if_o we_o be_v dead_a wherefore_o our_o country_n condition_n can_v be_v make_v worse_o by_o such_o a_o promise_n viii_o not_o to_o fly_v some_o there_o be_v that_o engage_v themselves_o not_o to_o make_v their_o escape_n and_o herein_o also_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v though_o when_o we_o make_v that_o promise_n we_o be_v under_o restraint_n though_o some_o there_o be_v that_o hold_v otherwise_o for_o by_o this_o very_a promise_n either_o our_o life_n be_v sometime_o preserve_v or_o we_o enjoy_v the_o more_o liberty_n but_o yet_o if_o after_o this_o promise_n make_v we_o be_v still_o keep_v under_o a_o close_a restraint_n we_o be_v thereby_o discharge_v of_o our_o promise_n if_o it_o be_v make_v upon_o condition_n that_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o bind_v ix_o a_o captive_n take_v by_o one_o can_v yield_v himself_o to_o another_o it_o be_v but_o a_o foolish_a question_n that_o some_o make_v whether_o he_o that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o one_o may_v yield_v himself_o prisoner_n to_o another_o for_o it_o be_v too_o clear_a that_o no_o man_n can_v take_v away_o that_o right_n which_o another_o man_n have_v gain_v by_o any_o contract_n that_o he_o can_v make_v for_o by_o the_o very_o right_o of_o war_n or_o partly_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o he_o that_o maintain_v the_o war_n according_a to_o what_o we_o bave_v already_o say_v a_o prisoner_n take_v in_o war_n be_v he_o that_o take_v he_o x._o whether_o private_a man_n may_v be_v compel_v by_o their_o prince_n to_o perform_v what_o they_o have_v promise_v as_o concern_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o agreement_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a question_n namely_o whether_o private_a man_n in_o case_n they_o neglect_v to_o perform_v what_o they_o have_v promise_v may_v be_v compel_v thereunto_o by_o their_o superior_a power_n whereunto_o the_o best_a answer_n be_v that_o they_o may_v but_o in_o a_o solemn_a war_n only_o because_o they_o that_o make_v war_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n each_o to_o other_o to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v right_a and_o just_a even_o concern_v the_o fact_n of_o private_a man_n as_o if_o a_o ambassador_n be_v public_o send_v from_o a_o enemy_n shall_v by_o a_o private_a person_n be_v assault_v wherefore_o that_o motion_n
sort_n of_o murderer_n page_n 196_o 197_o law_n guide_v to_o wisdom_n pref._n ix_o law_n may_v so_o far_o proceed_v against_o a_o king_n as_o to_o evidence_n the_o right_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o not_o to_o compel_v he_o page_n 177_o 178_o contrary_a to_o law_n thing_n do_v not_o null_v unless_o so_o express_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o page_n 147_o law_n bound_v not_o in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n page_n 567_o law_n make_v to_o avoid_v great_a mischief_n only_o must_v not_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o to_o make_v that_o sinful_a which_o be_v otherwise_o lawful_a page_n 483_o law_n without_o a_o coercive_a power_n external_o weak_a pref._n ix_o law_n and_o arm_n oppose_v pref._n two_o the_o six_o law_n give_v to_o adam_n what_o page_n 8_o there_o be_v the_o same_o law_n where_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n or_o equity_n page_n 196_o humane_a law_n to_o be_v interpret_v with_o some_o allowance_n for_o humane_a frailty_n page_n 59_o the_o law_n in_o prohibit_v double_v the_o offence_n 380._o of_o moses_n erroneous_o quote_v for_o that_o of_o nature_n pref._n xviii_o without_o law_n no_o community_n can_v consist_v pref._n ix_o law_n humane_a depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o maker_n for_o their_o institution_n and_o continuation_n page_n 21_o 22_o law_n may_v bind_v as_o to_o humane_a judgement_n that_o bound_v not_o the_o conscience_n 483._o nor_o bind_v long_o than_o the_o coercive_a power_n last_v ibid._n severe_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o king_n page_n 61_o law_n command_v strong_a than_o those_o that_o permit_v and_o those_o that_o forbid_v strong_a than_o those_o that_o command_v page_n 199_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o law_n particular_o fail_v shall_v not_o exempt_v that_o case_n from_o the_o law_n but_o it_o may_v be_v dispense_v with_o page_n 35_o lawful_a take_v either_o for_o that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a or_o for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a page_n 456_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n how_o beneficial_a pref._n ix_o it_o be_v like_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n page_n 451_o humane_a law_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n both_o for_o their_o institution_n and_o continuation_n page_n 377_o a_o league_n what_o 181._o when_o say_v to_o be_v renew_v 187._o void_a if_o by_o either_o break_a ibid._n of_o league_n the_o ancient_a to_o be_v prefer_v ibid._n that_o make_v with_o a_o free_a people_n real_a ibid._n that_o with_o a_o king_n not_o always_o personal_a ibid._n a_o league_n hold_v with_o a_o people_n or_o a_o lawful_a king_n though_o exile_v his_o kingdom_n but_o not_o with_o a_o usurper_n page_n 195_o league_n equal_a or_o unequal_a page_n 183_o league_n how_o they_o differ_v from_o sponsion_n ibid._n league_n unequal_a 48_o 183_o 184._o give_v no_o jurisdiction_n proper_o page_n 49_o in_o unequal_a league_n king_n or_o people_n may_v be_v equal_a in_o freedom_n though_o not_o in_o dignity_n ibid._n in_o league_n who_o be_v superior_a page_n 49_o 50_o league_n some_o require_v exact_a natural_a right_n only_o and_o why_o 182._o its_o breach_n be_v a_o matter_n odious_a page_n 193_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n may_v be_v say_v in_o some_o thing_n to_o command_v page_n 49_o 50_o in_o leaugues_n unequal_a the_o danger_n whence_o page_n 51_o league_n unequal_a contract_v sometime_o where_o no_o war_n be_v 184._o whether_o to_o be_v make_v with_o man_n of_o different_a religion_n ibid._n this_o prove_v by_o experience_n 185_o 186._o some_o caution_n page_n 186_o league_n forbid_v to_o be_v make_v with_o some_o nation_n and_o why_o page_n 184_o of_o league_n some_o favourable_a some_o odious_a some_o personal_a some_o real_a page_n 195_o league_n of_o peace_n and_o society_n these_o either_o for_o commerce_n or_o war_n page_n 182_o 183_o whether_o they_o that_o be_v unequal_o league_v have_v the_o right_n of_o embassage_n page_n 206_o league_n divide_v page_n 182_o a_o league_n for_o a_o set_a time_n not_o by_o silence_n renew_v page_n 187_o no_o league_n bind_v to_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 186_o no_o breach_n of_o league_n to_o defend_v the_o injure_a party_n if_o in_o other_o thing_n the_o peace_n be_v keep_v page_n 194_o league_n never_o make_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 181_o league_n of_o joshua_n with_o the_o gibeonite_n 169_o he_o may_v not_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o canaanite_n and_o why_o page_n 184_o in_o league_n word_n of_o art_n interpret_v according_a to_o art_n 191._o the_o strong_a give_v the_o great_a power_n the_o weak_a the_o great_a honour_n 49_o 50._o this_o article_n not_o to_o make_v war_n without_o consent_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o offensive_a war_n only_a page_n 194_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o free_a people_n be_v real_a and_o bind_v though_o they_o admit_v of_o king_n unless_o make_v with_o other_o free_a city_n to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n page_n 195_o the_o lenity_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n towards_o they_o that_o err_v in_o thing_n divine_a page_n 391_o letter_n of_o marque_n page_n 448_o liberty_n personal_a recover_v by_o postliminy_n 489._o or_o peace_n which_o to_o be_v prefer_v page_n 419_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o people_n what_o it_o signify_v 42_o 43_o etc._n etc._n of_o make_v war_n not_o rash_o to_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v renounce_v page_n 193_o the_o liberty_n of_o subject_n oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o their_o superior_n page_v 447_o liberty_n natural_a be_v to_o live_v where_o we_o listen_v page_n 115_o liberty_n the_o usual_a cloak_n of_o ambition_n page_n 65_o liberty_n lose_v to_o recover_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 407_o liberty_n some_o leave_v the_o conquer_a may_v secure_v the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o life_n prefer_v before_o liberty_n page_n 419_o the_o lesser_a number_n to_o yield_v to_o the_o great_a not_o natural_a page_n 139_o long_a possession_n see_v possession_n lot_n sometime_o end_v a_o war_n page_n 551_o love_n of_o parent_n towards_o their_o child_n more_o natural_a than_o that_o of_o child_n towards_o parent_n page_n 123_o a_o lie_v strict_o take_v what_o 440._o forbid_a 439._o by_o some_o good_a author_n in_o some_o case_n approve_v 440._o a_o wholesome_a lie_n the_o jocular_a and_o charitable_a not_o much_o blame_v page_n 442_o 443_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lie_n what_o 441._o whether_o natural_o unlawful_a ibid._n to_o lie_v and_o to_o tell_v a_o lie_n difference_v by_o gellius_n page_n 440_o lie_n our_o refuge_n in_o danger_n rahab_v lie_v page_n 443_o no_o lie_n if_o by_o a_o untruth_n speak_v by_o i_o a_o by-stander_n be_v deceive_v page_n 442_o of_o lie_n the_o schoolman_n admit_v not_o but_o they_o do_v of_o equivocation_n page_n 443_o 444_o a_o lie_n to_o preserve_v life_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 443_o to_o lie_n to_o a_o enemy_n lawful_a 439_o 443._o to_o be_v understand_v of_o word_n assertory_n not_o promissory_a 443_o 444._o yet_o not_o if_o bind_v by_o oath_n ibid._n from_o lie_v to_o abstain_v even_o to_o a_o enemy_n magnanimous_a page_n 444_o lie_v to_o be_v exclude_v in_o all_o contract_n in_o a_o market_n page_n 441_o to_o lie_n in_o time_n and_o place_n fit_v the_o part_n of_o stoical_a wisdom_n page_n 440_o lie_v ill_o become_v a_o prince_n 444._o fear_n and_o poverty_n make_v liar_n ibid._n for_o lie_v and_o perjury_n the_o punishment_n the_o same_o page_n 175_o it_o be_v no_o lie_n if_o in_o a_o amphibology_n our_o word_n agree_v with_o either_o sense_n though_o misunderstand_v page_n 440_o m._n maccabee_n resistance_n what_o page_n 60_o macedonian_n put_v all_o that_o be_v of_o kin_n to_o traitor_n to_o death_n page_n 403_o magistrate_n shall_v punish_v offender_n as_o parent_n do_v child_n page_n 417_o magistrate_n kill_v man_n be_v innocent_a but_o private_a man_n do_v the_o same_o be_v murderer_n 374._o whether_o they_o may_v remit_v punishment_n 375._o inferior_n must_v not_o resist_v the_o supreme_a 58._o why_o choose_v 376._o they_o must_v judge_v according_a to_o law_n but_o prince_n the_o law_n themselves_o page_n 377_o no_o magistrate_n choose_v without_o a_o appeal_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n page_n 65_o magistrate_n inferior_a may_v reduce_v rebel_n in_o a_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n page_n 35_o magistrate_n christian_n in_o st._n paul_n time_n page_n 18_o magistrate_n among_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o resist_v their_o king_n though_o wicked_a 57_o in_o what_o case_n oblige_v to_o reparation_n of_o damage_n 203._o how_o far_o they_o may_v oblige_v citizen_n page_n 564_o magistrate_n not_o take_v caution_n from_o privateer_n whether_o oblige_v for_o the_o wrong_n they_o do_v to_o their_o friend_n page_n 203_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o greek_n page_n 445_o mahometan_n hold_v a_o necessity_n of_o restitution_n page_n 495_o majesty_n take_v for_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n govern_v 49._o what_o that_o
the_o most_o excellent_a hugo_n grotius_n the_o reverend_a w_n evat_v b_o d_o aetat_fw-la suae_fw-la 77._o the_o most_o excel_v t_o hugo_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o peace_n &_o warr_n translate_v into_o english_a by_o the_o reverend_a william_n evat_v b_o d_o print_v for_o ralph_n smith_n under_o the_o piazza_n of_o the_o royal_a exch_n in_o cornhill_n t._n cross_n senior_n sculpsit_fw-la the_o most_o excellent_a hugo_n grotius_n his_o three_o book_n treat_v of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n &_o peace_n in_o the_o first_o be_v handle_v whether_o any_o war_n be_v just_o in_o the_o second_o be_v show_v the_o cause_n of_o war_n both_o just_a and_o unjust_a in_o the_o three_o be_v declare_v what_o in_o war_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v unpunishable_a with_o the_o annotation_n digest_v into_o the_o body_n of_o every_o chapter_n translate_v into_o english_a by_o william_n evat_v b._n d._n london_n print_v by_o m._n w._n for_o thomas_n basset_n at_o the_o george_n in_o fleetstreet_n and_o ralph_n smith_n at_o the_o bible_n under_o the_o piazza_n of_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o cornhill_n mdclxxxii_o the_o preface_n the_o civil_a law_n whether_o that_o proper_a to_o the_o roman_n or_o that_o appertain_v to_o any_o other_o people_n many_o have_v endeavour_v either_o to_o expound_v by_o large_a commentary_n or_o to_o expose_v to_o present_a view_n by_o epitomy_n but_o of_o that_o law_n which_o govern_v most_o nation_n and_o the_o ruler_n of_o diverse_a people_n whether_o it_o arise_v from_o nature_n or_o be_v institute_v by_o divine_a authority_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v introduce_v by_o custom_n or_o tacite_fw-la consent_n few_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v and_o none_o at_o all_o either_o universal_o or_o methodical_o treatise_n the_o usefulness_n of_o this_o treatise_n though_o such_o a_o treatise_n will_v high_o conduce_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o mankind_n the_o excellency_n of_o this_o science_n say_v seneca_n be_v see_v in_o league_n covenant_n article_n of_o 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lib._n 6._o and_o that_o also_o which_o the_o athenian_n be_v then_o the_o most_o potent_a party_n in_o all_o greece_n tell_v the_o metians_n to_o humane_a reason_n those_o thing_n be_v just_a which_o a_o equal_a necessity_n on_o both_o side_n impose_v otherwise_o whatsoever_o the_o strong_a party_n can_v and_o will_v do_v the_o weak_a party_n must_v suffer_v as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o fortune_n to_o make_v oppression_n just_a or_o that_o no_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v well_o govern_v without_o injustice_n whereunto_o they_o usual_o add_v that_o the_o sword_n be_v the_o common_a judge_n or_o arbiter_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v between_o king_n and_o foreign_a nation_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vulgar_a only_o that_o all_o law_n be_v silence_v by_o war_n but_o some_o such_o like_a say_n do_v often_o fall_v from_o man_n otherwise_o learned_a and_o prudent_a whereby_o this_o opinion_n gather_v strength_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_o oppose_v one_o to_o another_o than_o law_n and_o arm_n thus_o we_o find_v they_o oppose_v in_o enneus_n to_o gain_v their_o right_n not_o at_o the_o law_n but_o with_o their_o arm_n they_o fight_v the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o horace_n who_o speak_v of_o achilles_n say_v nothing_o by_o law_n but_o all_o by_o arm_n he_o claim_v old_a antigonus_n laugh_v at_o he_o who_o behold_v he_o busy_v in_o batter_v the_o fort_n and_o city_n of_o his_o enemy_n gent._n alber._n gent._n present_v he_o with_o some_o commentary_n of_o justice_n marius_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o he_o can_v not_o hear_v the_o cry_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o clash_v of_o arms._n lysander_n in_o plutarch_n lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o his_o sword_n say_v lys_n plut._n lys_n he_o that_o know_v how_o to_o use_v this_o be_v the_o best_a judge_n of_o the_o bound_n of_o empire_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o caesar_n non_fw-la est_fw-la idem_fw-la tempus_fw-la armorum_fw-la quod_fw-la legum_n arm_n and_o law_n do_v never_o flourish_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n king_n say_v seneca_n grant_v many_o thing_n blindfold_a especial_o in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o no_o one_o man_n though_o just_o can_v possible_o satisfy_v the_o desire_n of_o so_o many_o arm_a man_n neither_o can_v any_o one_o man_n at_o the_o same_o time_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a man_n and_o of_o a_o good_a general_n nay_o even_o pompey_n himself_o though_o otherwise_o very_o modest_a yet_o will_v say_v armatus_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la cogitem_fw-la what_o do_v you_o tell_v i_o of_o law_n that_o be_o in_o arm_n or_o as_o plutarch_n frame_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o mamertine_n what_o will_v you_o never_o cease_v to_o upbraid_v we_o with_o your_o law_n who_o you_o see_v begird_v with_o sword_n 9_o lib._n 9_o so_o easy_o say_v curtius_n do_v war_n pervert_v and_o destroy_v even_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n even_o among_o christian_a author_n we_o find_v many_o such_o like_a say_n that_o of_o tertullian_n shall_v suffice_v instead_o of_o the_o rest_n dolus_fw-la asperitas_fw-la injustitia_fw-la propria_fw-la sunt_fw-la praeliorum_fw-la negotia_fw-la fraud_n cruelty_n and_o oppression_n be_v the_o proper_a employment_n of_o war._n now_o they_o that_o favour_v this_o opinion_n will_v doubtless_o object_v against_o i_o that_o of_o the_o comedian_n if_o thing_n uncertain_a thou_o with_o certain_a rule_n will_v guide_v thou_o will_v undertake_v a_o task_n as_o bad_a as_o he_o that_o will_v with_o reason_n run_v stark_o mad._n see_v then_o it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o treat_v of_o right_a if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o will_v very_o much_o concern_v we_o to_o commend_v and_o defend_v this_o ensue_a discourse_n by_o a_o brief_a but_o sound_a confutation_n of_o this_o error_n but_o that_o we_o may_v avoid_v confusion_n in_o dispute_v with_o a_o multitude_n confute_v this_o error_n confute_v let_v we_o allow_v they_o a_o advocate_n and_o who_o fit_a than_o carneades_n who_o arrive_v at_o that_o height_n and_o perfection_n of_o eloquence_n that_o he_o can_v plead_v as_o strong_o for_o error_n as_o for_o truth_n this_o man_n have_v undertake_v to_o decry_v justice_n especial_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o we_o now_o defend_v can_v find_v no_o argument_n more_o forceable_a than_o this_o man_n say_v he_o justice_n carneades_n his_o argument_n against_o justice_n have_v ordain_v unto_o themselves_o law_n for_o profit_n sake_n various_a according_a to_o their_o several_a manner_n which_o also_o they_o often_o change_v with_o the_o time_n whereas_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a law_n or_o right_n at_o all_o for_o all_o both_o man_n and_o other_o live_a creature_n be_v by_o the_o mere_a guidance_n of_o nature_n lead_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o to_o themselves_o be_v profitable_a wherefore_o there_o be_v either_o no_o justice_n at_o all_o or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o it_o be_v extreme_a folly_n because_o it_o rob_v itself_o to_o enrich_v other_o but_o what_o the_o philosopoer_n here_o say_v and_o the_o poet_n after_o he_o what_o be_v just_o or_o unjust_a nature_n can_v discern_v must_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v admit_v for_o man_n indeed_o be_v a_o live_a body_n but_o far_o more_o excellent_a than_o all_o other_o and_o much_o more_o differ_v from_o the_o rest_n than_o they_o do_v one_o from_o another_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o many_o action_n how_o man_n differ_v from_o all_o other_o creature_n and_o how_o which_o be_v proper_a only_o to_o mankind_n among_o which_o this_o be_v one_o that_o he_o greedy_o affect_v society_n that_o be_v community_n yet_o not_o any_o but_o that_o which_o be_v peaceable_a and_o according_a to_o the_o model_n of_o his_o understanding_n regular_n with_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n which_o the_o stoic_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d familiarity_n man_n say_v chrysostom_n with_o man_n
restore_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v detain_v together_o with_o the_o full_a profit_n we_o have_v make_v of_o it_o as_o also_o our_o obligation_n to_o perform_v our_o promise_n our_o satisfaction_n for_o damage_n do_v unto_o other_o through_o our_o default_n and_o the_o merit_n of_o punishment_n among_o man_n for_o justice_n be_v by_o porphyry_n thus_o describe_v ut_fw-la abstineretur_fw-la alienis_fw-la 3._o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr esu_fw-la l._n 3._o neque_fw-la noceatur_fw-la non_fw-la nocentibus_fw-la to_o abstain_v from_o what_o be_v another_o and_o not_o to_o harm_v they_o that_o be_v harmless_a from_o this_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n right_o large_o 2._o more_o large_o there_o flow_v another_o of_o a_o large_a extent_n for_o see_v that_o man_n above_o all_o other_o live_v body_n have_v not_o only_o such_o a_o laudable_a faculty_n as_o be_v describe_v but_o judgement_n also_o to_o discern_v as_o well_o what_o be_v pleasant_a and_o delightful_a as_o what_o be_v hurtful_a unto_o itself_o and_o that_o not_o only_o at_o present_a but_o for_o the_o future_a and_o what_o may_v lead_v unto_o either_o is_n be_v therefore_o agreeable_a most_o to_o humane_a nature_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o humane_a understanding_n to_o be_v guide_v in_o those_o thing_n by_o a_o judgement_n right_o inform_v i_o mean_v such_o a_o judgement_n as_o be_v not_o mislead_v either_o by_o vain_a fear_n or_o by_o the_o sweetness_n of_o some_o instant_a pleasure_n nor_o yet_o violent_o carry_v away_o by_o any_o inconsiderate_a rashness_n for_o what_o be_v manifest_o repugnant_a unto_o such_o a_o judgement_n be_v also_o understand_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o hereunto_o also_o appertain_v that_o prudent_a dispensation_n in_o the_o distribution_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o proper_o belong_v to_o every_o person_n or_o society_n which_o sometime_o prefer_v the_o wise_a before_o the_o ignorant_a a_o neighbour_n before_o a_o stranger_n and_o sometime_o the_o poor_a before_o the_o rich_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o every_o man_n act_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v bear_v which_o many_o of_o old_a reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o right_n proper_o and_o strict_o so_o call_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o that_o right_n proper_o so_o name_v may_v have_v a_o far_o different_a nature_n namely_o in_o this_o that_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v now_o one_o man_n may_v be_v permit_v to_o or_o accomplish_v by_o another_o law_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n now_o these_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v already_o say_v will_v hold_v true_a though_o we_o shall_v grant_v what_o without_o great_a wickedness_n we_o can_v that_o there_o be_v no_o god_n or_o that_o he_o take_v no_o care_n of_o humane_a affair_n but_o since_o we_o be_v instruct_v to_o the_o contrary_a partly_o by_o reason_n and_o partly_o by_o perpetual_a and_o universal_a tradition_n and_o be_v therein_o also_o confirm_v by_o so_o many_o irrefragable_a argugument_n and_o miracle_n attest_v by_o and_o through_o all_o age_n it_o now_o follow_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o obey_v god_n in_o all_o thing_n without_o exception_n as_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o maker_n to_o who_o we_o owe_v both_o ourselves_o and_o all_o we_o have_v especial_o since_o he_o have_v many_o way_n show_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o powerful_a of_o all_o being_n so_o that_o he_o be_v both_o most_o able_a and_o most_o willing_a to_o reward_v our_o obedience_n with_o the_o great_a reward_n even_o with_o such_o as_o be_v like_a unto_o himself_o eternal_a especial_o since_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o and_o bind_v himself_o thereunto_o by_o his_o word_n and_o promise_n as_o we_o christian_n be_v so_o convince_v by_o infallible_a testimony_n do_v strong_o believe_v from_o whence_o spring_v up_o another_o law_n beside_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a namely_o from_o the_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o god_n whereunto_o as_o our_o own_o understanding_n direct_v we_o we_o must_v be_v subject_a and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v with_o m._n antoninus_n 9_o lib._n 9_o qui_fw-fr injustè_fw-fr agit_fw-fr impius_fw-la est_fw-la he_o that_o be_v unjust_a be_v also_o impious_a god_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o some_o sense_n the_o law_n of_o god_n but_o even_o that_o law_n of_o nature_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v whether_o it_o be_v that_o which_o spring_v from_o society_n or_o that_o which_o be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n although_o it_o flow_v from_o principle_n internal_a as_o to_o man_n yet_o may_v deserve_o be_v ascribe_v unto_o god_n because_o it_o be_v original_o his_o will_n that_o such_o principle_n shall_v be_v instill_v into_o we_o 3._o chrys_n de_fw-fr diis_fw-la lib._n 3._o so_o chrysostome_n understand_v it_o cum_fw-la naturam_fw-la dico_fw-la deum_fw-la dico_fw-la ipse_fw-la enim_fw-la naturae_fw-la artifex_n when_o i_o say_v nature_n i_o mean_v god_n who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n neither_o can_v we_o say_v chrysippus_n and_o the_o stoic_n derive_v justice_n from_o any_o other_o root_n than_o from_o jove_n himself_o from_o which_o word_n jove_n the_o latin_a word_n jus_n be_v very_o probable_o at_o first_o derive_v unless_o haply_o we_o have_v rather_o deduce_v it_o from_o jussum_fw-la by_o cut_v off_o the_o last_o syllable_n as_o of_o ossum_fw-la ancient_o be_v now_o make_v os._n moreover_o god_n by_o the_o express_a law_n that_o he_o have_v give_v we_o god_n and_o explain_v by_o the_o law_n give_v by_o god_n have_v make_v those_o very_a principle_n yet_o more_o conspicuous_a to_o they_o that_o be_v of_o weak_a understanding_n restrain_v the_o wander_a and_o otherwise_o exorbitant_a passion_n of_o those_o who_o consult_v their_o own_o or_o the_o safety_n of_o other_o by_o curb_v those_o that_o be_v most_o violent_a with_o a_o strong_a rein_n and_o keep_v they_o within_o his_o own_o bound_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n and_o of_o the_o end_n beside_o stock_n all_o mankind_n of_o one_o stock_n even_o the_o very_a sacred_a history_n set_v aside_o what_o consist_v in_o precept_n do_v not_o a_o little_a provoke_v we_o to_o mutual_a love_n by_o teach_v we_o that_o we_o be_v all_o of_o we_o bear_v of_o the_o same_o first_o parent_n in_o which_o sense_n what_o florentinus_n say_v be_v every_o true_a that_o nature_n have_v constitute_v all_o mankind_n of_o one_o stock_n or_o kindred_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o for_o one_o man_n to_o betray_v or_o defraud_v another_o be_v impiety_n therefore_o our_o parent_n be_v as_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d earthy_a god_n as_o hierocles_n call_v they_o conspicuous_a and_o visible_a god_n who_o do_v imitate_v the_o invisible_a and_o unbegotten_a god_n in_o give_v life_n unto_o other_o 9_o de_fw-fr leg._n 9_o and_o therefore_o plato_n call_v parent_n god_n image_n or_o representative_n to_o who_o we_o owe_v our_o reverence_n as_o to_o the_o god_n themselves_o say_v aristotle_n 11_o nic._n l._n 9_o c._n 11_o yet_o not_o such_o a_o obedience_n as_o be_v infinite_a and_o unlimited_a again_o arise_v the_o civil_a law_n from_o whence_o it_o arise_v see_v that_o it_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o fulfil_v all_o covenant_n and_o agreement_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v some_o mean_n of_o oblige_a man_n among_o themselves_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o other_o mean_v find_v that_o be_v natural_a from_o this_o very_a spring_n flow_v all_o civil_a law_n for_o they_o that_o lift_v themselves_o into_o any_o society_n or_o otherwise_o subject_v themselves_o to_o any_o one_o man_n or_o to_o any_o society_n of_o man_n these_o have_v also_o either_o express_o promise_v or_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o ought_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o they_o have_v tacit_o promise_v to_o observe_v and_o fulfil_v whatsoever_o the_o major_a part_n of_o that_o society_n or_o they_o unto_o who_o their_o power_n be_v transfer_v have_v constitute_v or_o ordain_v for_o the_o general_a good_a what_o therefore_o not_o carneades_n only_o profitable_a carneades_n confute_v who_o hold_v that_o all_o be_v lawful_a that_o be_v profitable_a but_o other_o also_o have_v say_v what_o be_v just_a and_o equal_a do_v from_o profit_n spring_n if_o speak_v proper_o be_v not_o true_a for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o product_n of_o humane_a nature_n itself_o which_o although_o we_o shall_v want_v nothing_o yet_o will_v of_o itself_o carry_v we_o to_o a_o desire_n of_o humane_a society_n the_o civil_a law_n than_o acknowledge_v no_o other_o mother_n than_o that_o very_a obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o consent_n which_o because_o it_o derive_v its_o authority_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n therefore_o may_v nature_n be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v grandmother_n to_o this_o law_n but_o even_o from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n there_o arise_v some_o profit_n for_o god_n who_o be_v
the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v willing_a that_o every_o man_n in_o himself_o single_o consider_v shall_v be_v infirm_a and_o defective_a of_o many_o thing_n conduce_v to_o a_o good_a life_n the_o more_o strict_o to_o engage_v we_o to_o affect_v society_n but_o it_o be_v common_a profit_n i_o grant_v that_o occasion_v the_o civil_a law_n for_o that_o very_a consociation_n or_o subjection_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v first_o institute_v for_o some_o utility_n yea_o and_o they_o that_o prescribe_v law_n unto_o other_o either_o do_v or_o shall_v propose_v something_o of_o profit_n even_o therein_o but_o as_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o city_n do_v main_o regard_v the_o benefit_n of_o that_o city_n even_o so_o among_o all_o or_o at_o least_o the_o most_o city_n there_o may_v nay_o certain_o be_v some_o law_n by_o common_a consent_n agree_v on_o which_o respect_v the_o benefit_n not_o of_o those_o particular_a city_n nation_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o in_o general_n and_o this_o that_o we_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o often_o as_o we_o distinguish_v that_o law_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o in_o that_o partition_n carneades_n make_v of_o all_o law_n into_o natural_a and_o civil_a only_o be_v omit_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o right_n which_o be_v between_o nation_n for_o he_o subject_v his_o discourse_n to_o war_n and_o thing_n get_v by_o war_n he_o ought_v most_o especial_o to_o have_v mention_v this_o law_n but_o whereas_o he_o traduce_v justice_n wisdom_n to_o neglect_v our_o own_o profit_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o nation_n be_v wisdom_n by_o call_v it_o folly_n he_o do_v ill_a for_o as_o by_o his_o own_o confession_n that_o citizen_n be_v no_o fool_n who_o observe_v the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o city_n he_o live_v in_o although_o he_o for_o the_o reverence_n he_o bear_v unto_o those_o law_n omit_v some_o thing_n that_o will_v be_v profitable_a to_o himself_o so_o neither_o be_v that_o a_o foolish_a people_n who_o have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o esteem_n for_o their_o own_o private_a gain_n as_o for_o it_o to_o trample_v upon_o the_o law_n common_a to_o all_o or_o to_o most_o nation_n there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o both_o for_o as_o he_o that_o for_o his_o present_a profit_n shall_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n he_o live_v in_o do_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v but_o destroy_v that_o which_o shall_v perpetual_o defend_v both_o he_o and_o he_o in_o whatsoever_o he_o have_v or_o shall_v acquire_v so_o also_o a_o people_n in_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n do_v but_o pull_v down_o those_o bulwark_n that_o shall_v thenceforth_o secure_v their_o own_o peace_n and_o safety_n 9_o and_o why_o lib._n 9_o for_o as_o m._n antoninus_n well_o observe_v whatsoever_o action_n it_o be_v that_o aim_v not_o either_o direct_o or_o mediate_o at_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o it_o by_o dissolve_v the_o connexion_n of_o all_o its_o part_n and_o be_v no_o less_o seditious_a than_o he_o that_o head_n a_o party_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n for_o one_o man_n separate_v from_o another_o can_v but_o be_v separate_v from_o mankind_n in_o general_n for_o quod_fw-la examini_fw-la expedit_fw-la idem_fw-la &_o api_fw-la as_o what_o be_v good_a for_o the_o hive_n be_v good_a for_o the_o bee_n so_o what_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o likewise_o to_o every_o citizen_n so_o then_o although_o by_o our_o conformity_n to_o the_o law_n we_o can_v expect_v no_o profit_n at_o all_o to_o ourselves_o yet_o will_v it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o wisdom_n rather_o than_o folly_n to_o suffer_v ourselves_o to_o be_v carry_v thither_o whither_o we_o may_v perceive_v ourselves_o to_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o manuduction_n of_o nature_n wherefore_o neither_o be_v that_o altogether_o true_a for_o fear_v of_o wrong_n good_a law_n invent_v be_v as_o if_o man_n be_v enforce_v to_o be_v just_a for_o fear_v of_o punishment_n only_o for_o this_o belong_v to_o such_o law_n and_o constitution_n as_o be_v find_v out_o to_o be_v most_o expedient_a for_o the_o better_a execution_n of_o this_o law_n defence_n coercive_a law_n invent_v for_o mutual_a defence_n as_o when_o a_o multitude_n of_o man_n find_v themselves_o single_o and_o apart_o unable_a to_o defend_v themselves_o shall_v unite_v and_o conspire_v with_o their_o common_a and_o joint_a force_n to_o institute_v and_o to_o defend_v such_o law_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n as_o shall_v punish_v those_o who_o shall_v attempt_v to_o oppress_v they_o so_o that_o what_o they_o can_v do_v single_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o do_v with_o a_o unite_a force_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o may_v very_o well_o be_v understand_v which_o be_v usual_o say_v that_o be_v just_a which_o please_v the_o most_o powerful_a party_n fruitless_a jus_fw-la est_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la validiori_fw-la placuit_fw-la law_n without_o power_n to_o defend_v they_o be_v fruitless_a whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o the_o law_n itself_o without_o a_o power_n to_o defend_v it_o lose_v its_o external_a force_n and_o so_o become_v fruitless_a which_o make_v solon_n to_o boast_v what_o gallant_a thing_n he_o have_v do_v by_o couple_v may_v in_o equal_a yoke_n with_o right_n but_o yet_o neither_o be_v the_o law_n though_o it_o want_v a_o force_n sufficient_a to_o abett_v it_o external_o external_o altogether_o fruitless_a because_o it_o beget_v peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o conscience_n internal_o not_o internal_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a injustice_n do_v wound_n and_o torment_v it_o as_o plato_n instance_v in_o those_o of_o tyrant_n beside_o justice_n be_v approve_v of_o and_o injustice_n condemn_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o good_a man_n yea_o and_o what_o be_v the_o great_a comfort_n of_o all_o this_o have_v god_n for_o its_o avenger_n that_o god_n for_o its_o patron_n who_o so_o reserve_v his_o judgement_n after_o this_o life_n that_o he_o ofttimes_o give_v a_o taste_n of_o they_o even_o in_o this_o as_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o many_o example_n in_o history_n beneficial_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n how_o beneficial_a but_o whereas_o there_o be_v many_o that_o think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o require_v that_o justice_n from_o a_o free_a people_n or_o their_o governor_n which_o they_o exact_v daily_o from_o private_a man_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o error_n be_v this_o because_o these_o man_n respect_v nothing_o in_o the_o law_n but_o the_o profit_n that_o arise_v from_o it_o which_o in_o private_a person_n be_v single_a and_o unable_a to_o defend_v themselves_o be_v plain_a and_o evident_a but_o for_o great_a city_n that_o seem_v to_o have_v within_o themselves_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o own_o well-being_n it_o do_v not_o so_o plain_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v any_o need_n of_o that_o virtue_n call_v justice_n which_o respect_v stranger_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v namely_o that_o all_o law_n be_v not_o ordain_v for_o profit_n only_o there_o be_v no_o city_n so_o strong_a and_o of_o itself_o sufficient_a but_o may_v sometime_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o foreign_a aid_n either_o by_o way_n of_o commerce_n or_o to_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o unite_a force_n of_o many_o foreign_a nation_n confederate_a against_o it_o therefore_o we_o see_v that_o the_o most_o potent_a prince_n and_o state_n have_v always_o be_v desirous_a of_o league_n which_o will_v be_v of_o little_a use_n or_o force_n be_v all_o law_n and_o justice_n confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o any_o one_o city_n only_o most_o true_a it_o be_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o recede_v from_o the_o law_n law_n no_o community_n can_v subsist_v without_o law_n there_o be_v nothing_o that_o we_o can_v certain_o call_v we_o if_o no_o community_n can_v possible_o subsist_v without_o law_n which_o aristotle_n prove_v by_o that_o notable_a example_n of_o thief_n sure_o that_o which_o knit_v together_o either_o all_o mankind_n or_o divers_a nation_n among_o themselves_o have_v need_n of_o some_o law_n to_o preserve_v it_o which_o he_o well_o know_v who_o hold_v that_o a_o man_n ought_v not_o to_o do_v a_o wicked_a act_n no_o not_o for_o his_o country_n 4._o ad_fw-la eph._n 4._o but_o some_o may_v say_v say_v chrysostom_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v then_o that_o thief_n live_v in_o peace_n but_o when_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o say_v he_o thief_n no_o not_o of_o thief_n sure_o when_o they_o cease_v to_o act_v as_o thief_n for_o when_o they_o observe_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n in_o divide_v the_o spoil_n in_o not_o give_v to_o every_o one_o his_o equal_a share_n thou_o shall_v quick_o see_v they_o engage_v in_o war_n and_o combat_n among_o themselves_o
regard_v the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o person_n but_o the_o bare_a right_n of_o he_o that_o ought_v to_o receive_v it_o this_o young_a cyrus_n learn_v of_o his_o tutor_n in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v two_o boy_n that_o have_v two_o coat_n gill._n aulus_n gill._n both_o of_o different_a dimension_n the_o big_a boy_n have_v the_o lesser_a coat_n and_o the_o lesser_a boy_n have_v the_o big_a coat_n which_o the_o big_a boy_n take_v from_o he_o be_v fit_a for_o himself_o leave_v he_o the_o lesser_a coat_n which_o also_o be_v fit_a for_o he_o whereof_o cyrus_n be_v make_v judge_n mistake_n cyrus_n his_o mistake_n and_o regard_v more_o what_o be_v fit_a and_o convenient_a than_o what_o be_v just_a and_o right_o adjudge_v the_o great_a coat_n to_o the_o big_a boy_n and_o the_o little_a coat_n to_o the_o lesser_a boy_n but_o his_o tutor_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v do_v amiss_o for_o have_v he_o be_v to_o judge_v what_o be_v fit_a he_o have_v do_v well_o but_o be_v to_o judge_v who_o each_o coat_n be_v he_o be_v to_o regard_v who_o have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o it_o he_o that_o by_o force_n take_v the_o great_a coat_n away_o or_o be_v that_o make_v it_o 19.15_o exod._n 23.3_o levit._fw-la 19.15_o or_o buy_v it_o this_o be_v it_o that_o moses_n in_o his_o law_n forbid_v say_v thou_o shall_v not_o regard_v the_o poor_a in_o judgement_n but_o shall_v judge_v thy_o neighbour_n with_o righteousness_n which_o can_v be_v do_v unless_o we_o do_v as_o philo_n advise_v a_fw-la personis_fw-la litig_fw-mi antibus_fw-la res_fw-la abstrahere_fw-la consider_v the_o matter_n without_o regard_v the_o party_n contend_v ix_o right_o as_o take_v for_o a_o rule_n or_o law_n define_v there_o be_v also_o a_o three_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n jus_n or_o right_o which_o make_v it_o equivalent_a to_o the_o word_n lex_n that_o be_v law_n when_o take_v in_o its_o large_a sense_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n to_o moral_a action_n oblige_v we_o to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v right_a in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v that_o horace_n take_v it_o where_o he_o say_v for_o fear_v of_o wrong_n strict_a law_n invent_v be_v so_o in_o another_o place_n jura_n neget_fw-la sibi_fw-la data_fw-la he_o may_v deny_v that_o law_n for_o he_o be_v make_v which_o the_o scholiast_n thus_o expound_v he_o be_v a_o man_n that_o despise_v all_o law_n in_o which_o definition_n we_o say_v first_o that_o it_o must_v oblige_v and_o herein_o it_o differ_v from_o counsel_n and_o other_o prescription_n which_o though_o honest_a yet_o fall_v not_o under_o this_o notion_n of_o law_n and_o as_o for_o permission_n to_o speak_v proper_o it_o be_v not_o the_o action_n of_o law_n but_o the_o denial_n or_o restriction_n of_o that_o action_n unless_o it_o be_v as_o it_o oblige_v another_o not_o to_o give_v he_o to_o who_o such_o permission_n be_v grant_v any_o let_v or_o impediment_n beside_o it_o must_v oblige_v we_o to_o that_o which_o be_v right_o and_o not_o simple_o to_o what_o be_v just_a because_o right_o in_o this_o sense_n do_v not_o belong_v to_o justice_n alone_o such_o i_o mean_v as_o we_o have_v heretofore_o explain_v but_o unto_o the_o matter_n of_o other_o virtue_n honest_a for_o many_o thing_n may_v be_v just_o according_a to_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o right_o neither_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o any_o lawgiver_n shall_v foresee_v all_o the_o defect_n of_o his_o own_o law_n so_o that_o that_o which_o be_v a_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n strict_o take_v may_v sâ—em_v just_a be_v not_o so_o safe_a a_o rule_n to_o walk_v by_o as_o that_o which_o be_v just_a in_o this_o large_a sense_n that_o be_v righteous_a and_o honest_a a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o that_o law_n make_v by_o zeleucus_n who_o ordain_v a_o punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o he_o who_o contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o physician_n presume_v to_o drink_v wine_n and_o therefore_o that_o right_n which_o this_o rule_n guide_v we_o unto_o must_v needs_o be_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n than_o that_o which_o be_v simple_o just_a of_o this_o right_n so_o take_v the_o best_a partition_n be_v that_o of_o aristotle_n into_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a and_o that_o which_o be_v voluntary_a or_o as_o he_o there_o call_v it_o legitimate_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o word_n law_n be_v take_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n which_o difference_n be_v acknowledge_v both_o by_o the_o hebrew_n and_o the_o grecian_n who_o when_o they_o will_v speak_v proper_o distinguish_v they_o by_o their_o proper_a name_n x._o this_o law_n of_o nature_n define_v &_o distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o be_v not_o proper_o so_o that_o which_o we_o call_v natural_a right_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n show_v the_o moral_a malignity_n or_o the_o moral_a necessity_n that_o there_o be_v in_o any_o act_n by_o either_o the_o repugnancy_n or_o congruity_n it_o have_v to_o rational_a nature_n itself_o and_o consequent_o that_o such_o a_o act_n be_v either_o command_v or_o forbid_v by_o god_n who_o be_v the_o very_a author_n of_o nature_n or_o as_o liberum_fw-la as_o tit._n omnem_fw-la virum_fw-la bonum_fw-la esse_fw-la liberum_fw-la philo_n describe_v it_o right_a reason_n be_v a_o law_n that_o can_v lie_v it_o be_v not_o mortal_a nor_o give_v by_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v mortal_a it_o be_v not_o liveless_a nor_o write_v in_o paper_n or_o insculpt_v on_o pillar_n that_o be_v liveless_a but_o it_o be_v a_o immutable_a and_o immortal_a law_n be_v engrave_v by_o a_o immortal_a hand_n on_o a_o mind_n that_o be_v immortal_a cicero_n as_o 8._o as_o lib._n 6._o c._n 8._o lactantius_n quote_v he_o give_v this_o excellent_a description_n of_o it_o right_a reason_n be_v a_o perfect_a law_n that_o will_v not_o lie_v it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o humane_a nature_n and_o universal_o diffuse_v throughout_o all_o mankind_n it_o be_v incorruptible_a immortal_a which_o summon_v we_o to_o our_o duty_n by_o command_v it_o and_o drive_v we_o from_o all_o fraud_n by_o forbid_v it_o neither_o be_v its_o injunction_n or_o prohibition_n in_o vain_a to_o the_o righteous_a though_o with_o the_o wicked_a they_o prevail_v not_o to_o this_o law_n nothing_o must_v be_v add_v nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o detract_v and_o whole_o to_o abrogate_v it_o be_v impossible_a it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n either_o of_o the_o senate_n or_o the_o people_n to_o absolve_v we_o from_o our_o obedience_n to_o this_o law_n neither_o need_v we_o to_o seek_v after_o any_o other_o expositor_n than_o the_o law_n itself_o neither_o be_v it_o one_o law_n at_o athens_n and_o another_o at_o rome_n one_o now_o and_o another_o hereafter_o but_o this_o one_o law_n be_v both_o eternal_a and_o immutable_a shall_v bind_v all_o nation_n and_o in_o all_o age_n as_o there_o will_v ever_o be_v one_o common_a lord_n and_o governor_n of_o all_o which_o be_v god_n he_o be_v the_o sole_a inventour_n judge_n and_o giver_n of_o this_o law_n which_o he_o that_o refuse_v to_o obey_v must_v fly_v from_o and_o so_o unman_v himself_o and_o although_o he_o may_v fly_v from_o and_o haply_o avoid_v all_o other_o which_o be_v think_v punishment_n yet_o for_o the_o wilful_a contempt_n of_o this_o only_a he_o shall_v be_v severe_o punish_v now_o the_o act_n whereupon_o right_o reason_n give_v she_o dictate_v be_v such_o as_o be_v either_o good_a or_o evil_n lawful_a or_o unlawful_a simple_o and_o of_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o must_v necessary_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v either_o command_v or_o forbid_v by_o god_n himself_o and_o herein_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v different_a not_o from_o humane_a law_n only_o but_o from_o the_o voluntary_a divine_a for_o they_o do_v not_o command_v or_o forbid_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v of_o themselves_o and_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n either_o due_a or_o unlawful_a but_o by_o command_v they_o they_o make_v they_o the_o one_o and_o by_o forbid_v they_o the_o other_o but_o for_o our_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o belong_v unto_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o proper_o or_o immediate_o but_o as_o the_o schoolman_n love_v to_o speak_v by_o way_n of_o reduction_n that_o be_v reduction_n some_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o way_n of_o reduction_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o prohibit_v they_o as_o some_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a because_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o of_o injustice_n and_o something_n be_v say_v to_o be_v lawful_a which_o the_o law_n do_v neither_o prohibit_v nor_o punish_v and_o sometime_o by_o the_o abuse_n of_o the_o word_n those_o thing_n which_o
be_v that_o which_o govern_v any_o city_n now_o a_o city_n be_v a_o complete_a company_n of_o freeman_n associate_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o right_n and_o for_o their_o common_a profit_n that_o law_n that_o be_v of_o lesser_a extent_n and_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o civil_a power_n though_o subject_n unto_o it_o be_v various_a comprehend_v under_o it_o that_o of_o a_o father_n over_o his_o child_n that_o of_o a_o master_n over_o his_o servant_n and_o the_o like_a that_o law_n which_o be_v more_o extensive_a than_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a be_v that_o of_o nation_n which_o derive_v its_o authority_n from_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o all_o or_o at_o least_o of_o many_o nation_n i_o say_v of_o many_o because_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o law_n beside_o that_o of_o nature_n which_o also_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o nation_n yea_o ofttimes_o that_o which_o be_v account_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o another_o be_v not_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o captivity_n and_o postliminy_n now_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v prove_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o unwritten_a civil_a law_n be_v namely_o by_o continual_a use_n and_o the_o testimony_n of_o man_n skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o dio_n chrysostome_n call_v it_o the_o daughter_n of_o time_n and_o experience_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v the_o annal_n of_o former_a age_n of_o singular_a use_n xv._o the_o divine_a voluntary_a law_n divide_v the_o divine_a voluntary_a law_n be_v that_o which_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o express_a will_n of_o god_n as_o may_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o very_a word_n itself_o whereby_o it_o be_v difference_v from_o the_o natural_a law_n which_o in_o some_o sense_n may_v be_v term_v divine_a also_o and_o here_o that_o which_o be_v say_v by_o anaxarchus_n in_o plutarch_n though_o somewhat_o confuse_o may_v take_v place_n namely_o that_o god_n do_v not_o will_n thing_n because_o they_o be_v just_a but_o thing_n be_v therefore_o just_a that_o be_v right_o due_a because_o he_o wiâ—s_v they_o now_o this_o law_n be_v give_v by_o god_n either_o to_o all_o mankind_n or_o to_o one_o nation_n to_o all_o mankind_n we_o find_v that_o god_n give_v law_n thâ—iâ—e_v auditor_n that_o this_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n be_v as_o oblige_v before_o the_o write_n of_o it_o in_o â—ooks_n or_o table_n as_o it_o be_v or_o be_v since_o be_v clear_a for_o first_o if_o the_o oblige_a power_n be_v only_o from_o the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v write_v by_o moses_n they_o that_o live_v before_o moses_n be_v no_o way_n oblige_v by_o it_o because_o till_o then_o it_o be_v not_o write_v second_o than_o the_o obligation_n must_v needs_o extend_v itself_o to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o law_n so_o write_v and_o so_o to_o every_o circumstance_n of_o the_o judaical_a sabbath_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o only_a true_a god_n neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_a to_o say_v it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o adam_n and_o noah_n it_o be_v uncertain_a unto_o we_o now_o whether_o there_o be_v so_o ancient_a a_o record_n or_o not_o much_o more_o *_o whether_o that_o which_o be_v write_v be_v as_o the_o table_n of_o the_o law_n write_v by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n *_o dr._n hammond_n the_o six_o law_n give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n and_o noah_n as_o first_o that_o against_o strange_a and_o false_a worship_n second_o that_o of_o blessing_n the_o name_n of_o god_n that_o be_v of_o adore_v invocate_a and_o praise_v god_n three_o that_o of_o judgement_n that_o be_v of_o erect_v of_o magistrate_n and_o require_v administration_n of_o justice_n four_o that_o of_o disclose_v nakedness_n i._n e._n set_v bound_n to_o lust_n and_o prohibit_v marriage_n within_o such_o degree_n five_o that_o of_o shed_v blood_n against_o homicide_n and_o sixthly_a that_o against_o theft_n and_o rapine_n and_o of_o do_v to_o all_o as_o they_o will_v be_v do_v unto_o be_v not_o where_o record_v in_o holy_a writ_n yet_o be_v they_o as_o oblige_v to_o the_o jâ—ws_n that_o know_v they_o as_o any_o of_o the_o write_a law_n of_o moses_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o touch_v at_o act._n 15.20_o â—ut_v so_o sure_o that_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o those_o writing_n of_o the_o jew_n that_o be_v never_o within_o their_o canon_n nor_o in_o we_o we_o of_o these_o time_n have_v never_o know_v to_o what_o that_o reference_n belong_v and_o as_o all_o the_o law_n that_o be_v give_v to_o adam_n noah_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o patriarch_n although_o not_o commit_v to_o writing_n nor_o traduce_v to_o we_o yet_o lose_v nothing_o of_o their_o oblige_a power_n to_o they_o to_o who_o they_o be_v give_v so_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o new_a law_n although_o christ_n reveal_v much_o of_o his_o father_n will_n in_o sermon_n and_o other_o occasional_a discourse_n very_o few_o whereof_o be_v write_v and_o those_o that_o be_v be_v not_o so_o write_v until_o many_o year_n after_o his_o resurrection_n yet_o will_v no_o man_n say_v that_o because_o they_o be_v not_o leave_v write_v therefore_o they_o do_v not_o oblige_v his_o auditor_n first_o immediate_o after_o the_o creation_n of_o man_n second_o in_o the_o restauration_n of_o mankind_n after_o the_o flood_n and_o three_o in_o that_o more_o perfect_a reparation_n by_o christ_n tâ—ese_n three_o law_n do_v doubtless_o oblige_v all_o mankind_n as_o soon_o as_o and_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o man_n arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o xvi_o the_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o oblige_v stranger_n of_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v but_o one_o to_o who_o god_n vouchsafe_v to_o give_v law_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o jew_n what_o nation_n say_v moses_n so_o great_a to_o who_o god_n have_v give_v statute_n and_o judgement_n so_o righteous_a as_o this_o whole_a law_n deut._n 4.7_o so_o likewise_o davia_n the_o lord_n have_v show_v his_o word_n unto_o jacob_n his_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n unto_o israel_n non_fw-la ita_fw-la fecit_fw-la genti_fw-la ulli_fw-la he_o have_v not_o do_v so_o to_o any_o nation_n neither_o have_v the_o heathen_a knowledge_n of_o his_o law_n 147._o psalm_n 147._o doubtless_o then_o those_o jew_n and_o among_o they_o tryphon_n himself_o in_o his_o disceptation_n against_o justine_n do_v gross_o err_v who_o hold_v that_o even_o foreigner_n if_o they_o will_v be_v save_v must_v submit_v to_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n for_o that_o law_n bind_v none_o but_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v give_v and_o who_o these_o be_v the_o preface_n to_o the_o law_n itself_o will_v plain_o declare_v audi_fw-la israel_n hear_v o_o israel_n say_v the_o text_n and_o every_o where_o we_o read_v that_o the_o covenant_n be_v make_v with_o they_o and_o that_o they_o be_v choose_v to_o be_v the_o peculiar_a people_n of_o god_n which_o maimonides_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v true_a and_o prove_v it_o out_o of_o deut._n 33.4_o but_o even_o among_o the_o jew_n there_o always_o live_v some_o foreigner_n be_v holy_a man_n and_o such_o as_o fear_v god_n as_o the_o syrophoenician_n woman_n mat._n 15.22_o cornelius_n act_v 10.2_o the_o grecian_n mention_v act_n 18.4_o who_o they_o call_v the_o pious_a among_o the_o gentile_n such_o as_o be_v term_v stranger_n leu._n 22.25_o and_o a_o sojourner_n leu._n 25.47_o who_o the_o chaldee_n paraphra_v call_v a_o inhabitant_n that_o be_v uncircumcised_a whereof_o we_o may_v read_v exod._n 12.45_o who_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o proselyte_n who_o though_o a_o foreigner_n yet_o be_v circumcise_v as_o appear_v bâ—_n compare_v this_o place_n with_o that_o of_o numb_a 9.14_o these_o uncircumcised_a sojourner_n maimonides_n admit_v may_v be_v partaker_n of_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o life_n to_o come_v st._n chrysostome_n upon_o the_o second_o to_o the_o roman_n 10._o rom._n 2.9_o 10._o where_o st_n paul_n mention_n the_o jew_n and_o gentile_a write_v thus_o what_o jew_n and_o what_o gentile_a do_v st._n paul_n here_o mean_a sure_o those_o say_v he_o that_o live_v before_o christ_n as_o job_n the_o ninevite_n melchisedeck_v cornelius_n etc._n etc._n and_o what_o grecian_n do_v he_o discourse_v of_o sure_o not_o such_o as_o be_v idolater_n but_o such_o as_o worship_v god_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o set_v aside_o the_o jewish_a ceremony_n religious_o observe_v all_o thing_n that_o appertain_v to_o a_o holy_a life_n and_o again_o the_o grecian_a he_o call_v not_o he_o that_o worship_v idol_n but_o he_o that_o be_v pious_a and_o devout_a though_o be_v submit_v not_o to_o the_o jewish_a rite_n and_o thus_o likewise_o do_v he_o expound_v that_o of_o st._n paul_n to_o he_o
that_o be_v without_o law_n as_o be_v free_a from_o the_o law_n and_o in_o another_o place_n a_o greek_z he_o call_v not_o he_o that_o be_v give_v to_o idol_n but_o he_o that_o invoke_v the_o true_a god_n statuis_fw-la orat._n 2._o de_fw-la statuis_fw-la and_o yet_o observe_v not_o the_o jewish_a ceremony_n as_o their_o sabbath_n their_o circumcision_n their_o ablution_n and_o the_o like_a but_o yet_o endeavour_v to_o steer_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o wisdom_n and_o true_a piety_n now_o these_o as_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n themselves_o testify_v be_v bind_v to_o live_v in_o conformity_n to_o the_o law_n give_v to_o adam_n and_o noah_n abstain_v from_o idol_n and_o blood_n and_o from_o other_o thing_n hereafter_o express_v but_o not_o to_o the_o law_n peculiar_a to_o the_o jew_n and_o therefore_o whereas_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o jew_n to_o eat_v the_o flesh_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o die_v of_o itself_o yet_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o stranger_n live_v among_o they_o so_o to_o do_v deut._n 14.21_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o some_o particular_a law_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o as_o well_o the_o stranger_n as_o the_o home_n bear_v be_v bind_v to_o observe_v they_o for_o we_o read_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o the_o stranger_n that_o never_o submit_v to_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n to_o worship_n god_n even_o in_o the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n yet_o so_o that_o he_o stand_v in_o a_o particular_a place_n by_o himself_o separate_v from_o that_o of_o the_o hebrew_n as_o you_o may_v read_v 1_o king_n 8.41_o jo._n 12.20_o act._n 8.27_o neither_o do_v elisha_n enjoin_v naaman_n nor_o ionas_n the_o ninevite_n nor_o daniel_n nabuchadnezzar_n nor_o the_o other_o prophet_n persuade_v the_o syrian_n moabite_n or_o egyptian_n unto_o who_o they_o write_v that_o there_o be_v any_o necessity_n at_o all_o for_o they_o to_o submit_v to_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o jewish_a law_n and_o what_o i_o say_v here_o of_o the_o whole_a law_n be_v true_a also_o of_o circumcision_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o introduction_n unto_o it_o with_o this_o only_a difference_n that_o to_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o moses_n the_o israelite_n only_o be_v bind_v but_o to_o that_o of_o circumcision_n all_o the_o posterity_n of_o abraham_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o idumean_n be_v the_o offspring_n of_o esau_n ishmael_n or_o cetura_fw-la be_v compel_v by_o the_o israelite_n to_o be_v circumcise_v as_o both_o the_o jewish_a and_o grecian_a history_n inform_v we_o beside_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n 2.14_o rom._n 2.14_o that_o of_o st._n paul_n hold_v true_a see_v that_o the_o gentile_n who_o have_v not_o the_o law_n do_v by_o nature_n the_o thing_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v by_o their_o own_o manner_n and_o custom_n flow_v from_o the_o original_a fountain_n of_o reason_n unless_o any_o man_n have_v rather_o refer_v the_o word_n nature_n to_o the_o word_n forego_v thereby_o oppose_v the_o gentile_n to_o the_o jew_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v bear_v have_v their_o law_n instill_v into_o they_o these_o have_v not_o the_o law_n be_v a_o law_n unto_o themselves_o as_o show_v the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n write_v in_o their_o heart_n their_o thought_n and_o conscience_n mutual_o accuse_v or_o excuse_v themselves_o and_o that_o also_o in_o the_o 26_o verse_n of_o the_o same_o chapter_n if_o the_o uncircumcision_n keep_v the_o law_n shall_v not_o his_o uncircumcision_n be_v account_v for_o circumcision_n thus_o do_v chrysostome_n expound_v that_o place_n of_o st._n paul_n before_o cite_v the_o gentile_n by_o nature_n that_o be_v by_o the_o very_a dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n and_o present_o after_o in_o this_o say_v he_o be_v they_o to_o be_v admire_v that_o they_o stand_v in_o no_o need_n of_o the_o law_n to_o guide_v they_o and_o that_o instead_o thereof_o they_o be_v guide_v only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o light_n of_o their_o own_o conscience_n thus_o also_o do_v tertullian_n argue_v against_o the_o jew_n of_o his_o age_n long_o say_v he_o before_o moses_n write_v the_o law_n in_o the_o table_n of_o stone_n there_o be_v as_o i_o will_v justify_v a_o law_n natural_o understand_v and_o observe_v by_o the_o patriarch_n 2._o ant._n lib._n 20._o c._n 2._o and_o therefore_o ananias_n the_o jew_n in_o josephus_n do_v right_o inform_v izates_n adiabenus_n that_o god_n may_v be_v due_o worship_v and_o well_o please_v with_o we_o although_o we_o be_v not_o circumcise_v and_o triphon_n himself_o grant_v this_o to_o justin_n that_o there_o be_v some_o hope_n leave_v he_o of_o a_o better_a condition_n though_o he_o do_v persist_v in_o the_o way_n of_o his_o own_o philosophy_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o so_o many_o stranger_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v circumcise_v and_o thereby_o oblige_v to_o keep_v the_o law_n as_o st._n paul_n expound_v it_o be_v 5.3_o the_o reason_n why_o stranger_n be_v circumcise_v gal._n 5.3_o partly_o that_o they_o may_v partake_v of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o jewish_a commonwealth_n for_o proselyte_n enjoy_v the_o same_o right_n with_o the_o israelite_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o numb_a 15._o and_o be_v plain_o assert_v exod._n 12.27_o and_o partly_o that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v make_v capable_a of_o those_o promise_n which_o be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o nation_n but_o peculiar_a to_o the_o jew_n only_o although_o i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o there_o grow_v up_o afterward_o a_o erroneous_a opinion_n affirm_v that_o without_o the_o pale_a of_o the_o jewish_a church_n there_o can_v be_v no_o salvation_n from_o hence_o then_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o we_o gentile_n stand_v oblige_v to_o no_o part_n of_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n as_o a_o law_n proper_o so_o call_v because_o all_o obligation_n beyond_o that_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o any_o other_o nation_n beside_o the_o jew_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o that_o law_n can_v be_v make_v out_o by_o any_o solid_a argument_n we_o need_v not_o therefore_o as_o to_o ourselves_o prove_v the_o abrogation_n of_o that_o law_n because_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v abrogate_a as_o to_o they_o who_o it_o never_o bind_v yea_o even_o to_o the_o jew_n themselves_o the_o oblige_a power_n be_v abolish_v as_o to_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o evangelical_n law_n begin_v to_o be_v promulgate_v which_o be_v plain_o reveal_v to_o st._n peter_n act_v 10.15_o 10.15_o act_n 10.15_o and_o as_o to_o the_o rest_n after_o that_o people_n cease_v to_o be_v a_o people_n by_o the_o destruction_n of_o their_o city_n and_o that_o general_a desolation_n that_o succeed_v without_o any_o hope_n of_o restitution_n but_o we_o who_o be_v stranger_n be_v not_o free_v from_o that_o law_n by_o the_o advent_n of_o christ_n but_o by_o christ_n we_o who_o before_o have_v nothing_o but_o a_o faint_a and_o obscure_a hope_n place_v only_o in_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n be_v now_o strengthen_v by_o a_o clear_a and_o firm_a covenant_n assure_v we_o that_o we_o also_o may_v grow_v up_o together_o with_o the_o jew_n be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o patriarch_n into_o one_o church_n the_o judaical_a law_n which_o be_v that_o partition-wall_n that_o keep_v we_o asunder_o be_v now_o take_v away_o as_o st_z paul_n testify_v to_o the_o ephesian_n 2.14_o eph._n 2.14_o xvii_o what_o christian_n may_v learn_v from_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n since_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n can_v direct_o oblige_v we_o as_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v let_v we_o now_o see_v of_o what_o other_o use_v it_o will_v be_v to_o we_o as_o well_o in_o this_o case_n of_o war_n as_o in_o the_o liâ—e_z doubtful_a case_n the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o the_o clear_n of_o diverse_a case_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o what_o be_v heretofore_o command_v in_o that_o law_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o since_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v perpetual_a and_o immutable_a nothing_o can_v be_v command_v we_o by_o god_n contrary_a to_o this_o law_n because_o god_n can_v never_o be_v unjust_a 7.12_o psal_n 19.8_o rom._n 7.12_o beside_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n be_v as_o the_o psalmist_n speak_v pure_a and_o right_a and_o as_o the_o apostle_n say_v holy_a just_a and_o good_a which_o place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n only_o but_o as_o to_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o law_n we_o must_v speak_v of_o they_o more_o distinct_o now_o legal_a permission_n for_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o bare_a fact_n and_o
be_v full_o stock_v with_o man_n lest_o the_o same_o licence_n shall_v again_o increase_v god_n think_v fit_a to_o restrain_v it_o by_o a_o more_o severe_a punishment_n so_o that_o correct_v the_o lenity_n of_o the_o former_a age_n what_o nature_n before_o judge_v not_o unjust_a he_o himself_o permit_v to_o be_v do_v namely_o that_o he_o that_o shed_v man_n blood_n shall_v himself_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o that_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o homicide_n shall_v be_v hold_v innocent_a but_o afterward_o tribunal_n be_v erect_v this_o power_n for_o many_o weighty_a reason_n be_v transfer_v to_o judge_n only_o yet_o so_o that_o some_o print_n of_o that_o ancient_a custom_n be_v to_o be_v see_v even_o after_o moses_n his_o law_n be_v give_v whereof_o more_o shall_v be_v say_v anon_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o right_n which_o be_v grant_v unto_o he_o that_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n unto_o he_o that_o have_v be_v slay_v we_o have_v abraham_n practice_n to_o justify_v this_o gloss_n who_o though_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o law_n that_o god_n give_v unto_o noah_n gen._n 9.6_o yet_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o four_o king_n presume_v on_o that_o principle_n of_o nature_n that_o to_o destroy_v the_o destroyer_n be_v not_o displease_v to_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n thus_o moses_n command_v the_o israelite_n to_o fight_v the_o amalekite_n who_o with_o arm_n oppose_v their_o passage_n into_o canaan_n have_v no_o other_o warrant_n for_o so_o do_v than_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n for_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o like_a case_n he_o consult_v with_o god_n at_o all_o exod._n 17.9_o 17.9_o exod._n 17.9_o whereunto_o we_o may_v likewise_o add_v that_o capital_a punishment_n be_v execute_v not_o against_o murder_n only_o but_o against_o other_o great_a crime_n and_o that_o not_o among_o the_o gentile_n only_o but_o even_o among_o the_o patriarch_n as_o the_o story_n of_o judah_n and_o thamar_n do_v clear_o evince_v gen._n 38.14_o 38.14_o gen._n 38.14_o rational_o conjecture_v by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o like_a to_o like_v that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o god_n will_n that_o the_o punishment_n ordain_v against_o homicide_n may_v just_o be_v inflict_v on_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o criminous_a for_o some_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o we_o equal_o value_v as_o we_o do_v our_o life_n such_o be_v our_o honour_n our_o virgin_n chastity_n our_o matrimonial_a faith_n and_o such_o thing_n without_o which_o our_o life_n can_v be_v well_o secure_v as_o our_o reverence_n to_o our_o prince_n without_o which_o no_o society_n can_v be_v preserve_v now_o they_o that_o offend_v against_o any_o of_o these_o be_v no_o better_o than_o homicide_n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v equal_o punish_v with_o they_o hence_o arise_v that_o ancient_a tradition_n among_o the_o hebrew_n that_o god_n give_v more_o law_n to_o noah_n than_o be_v record_v by_o moses_n who_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o insert_v they_o among_o those_o law_n which_o god_n give_v to_o the_o hebrew_n by_o himself_o moses_n incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v before_o moses_n incestuous_a marriage_n be_v certain_o forbid_v by_o some_o law_n before_o moses_n his_o time_n for_o which_o god_n be_v say_v to_o visit_v the_o heathen_a and_o to_o cast_v they_o out_o for_o it_o have_v not_o be_v account_v as_o a_o sin_n and_o so_o not_o punishable_a by_o desolation_n have_v there_o be_v no_o law_n to_o forbid_v it_o and_o yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v it_o in_o any_o place_n express_o prohibit_v until_o moses_n record_v it_o as_o punish_v leu._n 18._o among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v command_v by_o god_n to_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n they_o reckon_v this_o that_o not_o only_a murder_n but_o adultery_n incest_n and_o violent_a rape_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v as_o well_o by_o the_o story_n of_o abimelech_n gen._n 20.6_o 20.6_o gen._n 20.6_o as_o by_o the_o word_n of_o holy_a job_n job_n 31.11_o 31.11_o job_n 31.11_o but_o the_o law_n give_v by_o moses_n add_v the_o reason_n of_o these_o capital_a punishment_n which_o be_v no_o less_o in_o force_n among_o the_o gentile_n than_o among_o his_o own_o people_n 20.8_o psal_n 101.5_o prov._n 20.8_o as_o it_o be_v most_o apparent_a leu._n 18.24_o 25._o and_o the_o 27_o and_o 28._o verse_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o land_n be_v defile_v with_o blood_n can_v not_o be_v cleanse_v but_o by_o the_o blood_n of_o he_o that_o shed_v it_o numb_a 35.31_o 33._o and_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o think_v that_o god_n shall_v indulge_v this_o favour_n to_o the_o jew_n only_o that_o they_o may_v defend_v themselves_o by_o war_n and_o punish_v malefactor_n with_o death_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n forbid_v it_o to_o other_o nation_n neither_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o prophet_n be_v at_o any_o time_n send_v by_o god_n to_o admonish_v or_o reprove_v either_o king_n or_o people_n for_o either_o inflict_a capital_a punishment_n on_o malefactor_n or_o for_o undertake_v a_o war_n mere_o as_o war_n as_o they_o be_v to_o reprove_v other_o sin_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a who_o will_v not_o think_v but_o that_o see_v moses_n judicial_a law_n be_v observe_v to_o carry_v the_o stamp_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n those_o nation_n do_v wise_o and_o pious_o who_o form_v their_o law_n according_a to_o that_o original_n as_o questionless_a the_o greek_n especial_o the_o attick_n do_v and_o from_o they_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o law_n of_o noah_n be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o they_o conceive_v who_o by_o they_o will_v evince_v all_o war_n to_o be_v unlawful_a vi_o caution_n concern_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o war_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n but_o much_o more_o specious_a be_v those_o argument_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n against_o war_n in_o the_o examination_n whereof_o i_o shall_v not_o take_v that_o as_o grant_v which_o some_o do_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n command_v except_o matter_n of_o faith_n and_o the_o sacrament_n but_o what_o be_v command_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o this_o in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o they_o take_v it_o i_o can_v admit_v it_o but_o this_o i_o willing_o grant_v that_o there_o caution_n 1_o be_v nothing_o command_v in_o the_o gospel_n but_o what_o be_v natural_o honest_a but_o that_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n do_v not_o oblige_v we_o further_o than_o to_o what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v by_o itself_o bind_v we_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o i_o shall_v admit_v and_o for_o they_o that_o approve_v of_o this_o opinion_n it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o see_v what_o pain_n they_o take_v to_o prove_v that_o polygamy_n divorce_n fornication_n which_o we_o find_v forbid_v in_o the_o new_a testament_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n unlawful_a hence_o be_v that_o of_o st._n jerome_n aliae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la caesaris_fw-la alia_fw-la christi_fw-la aliud_fw-la papinianus_n aliud_fw-la paulus_n noster_fw-la praecipit_fw-la the_o law_n of_o caesar_n be_v one_o and_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n another_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n that_o papinian_n prescribe_v unto_o we_o and_o another_o what_o st._n paul_n command_v it_o be_v true_a thâ—se_a be_v such_o as_o â—ight_a reason_n tell_v we_o to_o abstain_v from_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o honesty_n but_o not_o such_o as_o be_v in_o themselves_o impious_a but_o only_o as_o they_o be_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n forbid_v but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o the_o christian_a law_n enjoin_v we_o namely_o that_o we_o shall_v lay_v down_o our_o life_n one_o for_o another_o 3.16_o john_n 3.16_o who_o can_v say_v that_o we_o be_v oblige_v thereunto_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v for_o those_o that_o do_v not_o yet_o believe_v the_o gospel_n lenaâ—_n ad_fw-la lenaâ—_n to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n say_v justin_n caution_n 2_o martyr_n of_o which_o opinion_n likewise_o be_v origen_n neither_o can_v i_o assent_v unto_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o christ_n in_o his_o sermon_n on_o the_o mount_n do_v only_o interpret_v and_o as_o it_o be_v embowel_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n for_o those_o word_n so_o often_o repeat_v you_o have_v hear_v that_o it_o have_v be_v say_v to_o they_o of_o old_a but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o do_v plain_o signify_v another_o thing_n yea_o and_o the_o syriack_n and_o other_o translation_n do_v clear_o show_v that_o by_o veteribus_fw-la be_v understand_v not_o by_o but_o to_o they_o of_o old_a as_o in_o the_o opposite_a word_n vobis_fw-la be_v not_o mean_v by_o but_o to_o you_o but_o those_o of_o old_a be_v none_o other_o but_o such_o as_o live_v in_o moses_n
king_n serve_v god_n according_a to_o his_o command_n as_o king_n when_o they_o encourage_v virtue_n and_o depress_v vice_n not_o only_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o humane_a society_n but_o in_o thing_n appertain_v also_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o so_o in_o another_o place_n how_o say_v he_o do_v king_n serve_v the_o lord_n in_o fear_n 50._o ad_fw-la bonif._n ep._n 50._o unless_o it_o be_v in_o prohibit_v and_o by_o a_o religious_a austerity_n punish_v all_o manner_n of_o impiety_n for_o to_o serve_v god_n as_o a_o man_n be_v one_o thing_n but_o to_o serve_v he_o as_o a_o king_n be_v another_o and_o a_o little_a after_o herein_o do_v king_n serve_v god_n as_o king_n when_o in_o zeal_n to_o his_o service_n they_o do_v those_o thing_n which_o none_o can_v do_v but_o king_n arg._n 2_o the_o second_o argument_n whereby_o we_o prove_v that_o all_o war_n be_v not_o unlawful_a be_v draw_v from_o that_o place_n of_o st_n paul_n before_o cite_v in_o the_o 13_o to_o the_o roman_n 13._o rom._n 13._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o high_a power_n and_o such_o be_v those_o of_o king_n be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o that_o power_n be_v therefore_o call_v god_n ordinance_n paul_n kingly_a government_n assert_v by_o st._n paul_n from_o whence_o we_o infer_v the_o necessity_n of_o our_o subjection_n together_o with_o that_o honour_n and_o reverence_n we_o owe_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o fear_n regard_v the_o power_n they_o have_v to_o hurt_v and_o punish_v as_o out_o of_o conscience_n as_o it_o be_v god_n ordinance_n and_o out_o of_o a_o strong_a persuasion_n that_o in_o resist_v it_o we_o resist_v god_n himself_o now_o if_o the_o thing_n understand_v by_o the_o word_n ordinance_n be_v only_o that_o which_o god_n permit_v and_o will_v not_o hinder_v as_o all_o action_n that_o be_v vicious_a then_o will_v there_o follow_v no_o obligation_n of_o honour_n or_o obedience_n especial_o that_o extend_v to_o the_o conscience_n and_o therefore_o the_o apostle_n whole_a argument_n will_v instant_o fall_v to_o nothing_o who_o main_a scope_n be_v to_o extol_v this_o regal_a power_n which_o if_o wicked_a he_o can_v never_o do_v but_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v commend_v theft_n and_o robbery_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v then_o that_o by_o this_o ordain_a power_n we_o understand_v such_o a_o power_n as_o god_n do_v especial_o approve_v 〈◊〉_d and_o then_o we_o may_v safe_o infer_v that_o see_v that_o god_n can_v will_v thing_n contrary_a to_o â—â—mself_n that_o this_o power_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o that_o will_n of_o god_n which_o be_v reveal_v in_o the_o gospel_n and_o which_o oblige_v all_o man_n to_o honour_n and_o obedience_n neither_o do_v it_o at_o all_o weaken_v the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n that_o at_o that_o time_n when_o st._n paul_n write_v all_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v stranger_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n this_o be_v not_o universal_o true_a for_o even_o at_o that_o time_n sergius_n paulus_n be_v propraetor_n of_o cyprus_n have_v give_v up_o his_o name_n to_o christ_n long_v before_o acts._n 13.12_o 13.12_o act._n 13.12_o beside_o this_o dispute_n be_v not_o concern_v person_n whether_o pious_a or_o impious_a but_o concern_v the_o kingly_a function_n whether_o it_o be_v ordain_v of_o god_n or_o usurp_v by_o man_n which_o st._n paul_n seem_v here_o to_o determine_v plain_o assert_v that_o ordinance_n to_o be_v from_o god_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v honour_v and_o obey_v and_o that_o not_o outward_o only_o for_o fear_n but_o even_o in_o the_o inmost_a recess_n of_o the_o mind_n where_o god_n alone_o do_v proper_o reign_v christianity_n then_o do_v not_o abolish_v sovereignty_n nero_n and_o agrippa_n though_o they_o have_v receive_v this_o faith_n yet_o have_v still_o remain_v the_o one_o a_o emperor_n the_o other_o a_o king_n which_o necessary_o infer_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n for_o as_o under_o the_o law_n the_o sacrifice_n be_v repute_v holy_a citatum_fw-la see_v chrysost_n in_o locum_fw-la supra_fw-la citatum_fw-la though_o offer_v by_o hophni_n and_o phineas_n priest_n unholy_a so_o pia_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la imperium_fw-la quamvis_fw-la ab_fw-la impio_fw-la teneatur_fw-la the_o function_n be_v sacred_a 〈◊〉_d though_o the_o person_n be_v never_o so_o wicked_a saul_n be_v anoint_v king_n as_o well_o as_o david_n arg._n 3_o a_o three_o argument_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o word_n of_o st._n john_n the_o baptist_n who_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o jewish_a soldier_n what_o they_o shall_v do_v to_o flee_v from_o the_o wrath_n to_o come_v do_v not_o command_v they_o present_o to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o desert_n their_o call_n though_o they_o fight_v then_o under_o the_o roman_a banner_n as_o in_o all_o probability_n they_o will_v have_v do_v have_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o christian_a law_n to_o make_v war_n but_o allow_v their_o call_n he_o only_o labour_v to_o reform_v the_o abuse_n of_o it_o exhort_v they_o to_o abstain_v from_o act_n of_o unlawful_a violence_n and_o from_o false_a accuse_v and_o to_o rest_v content_a with_o their_o wage_n luk._n 3.14_o 3.14_o luke_n 3.14_o but_o here_o some_o object_n that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o difference_n between_o the_o precept_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o prescription_n of_o the_o baptist_n that_o the_o baptist_n seem_v to_o preach_v one_o doctrine_n and_o christ_n another_o but_o this_o we_o can_v admit_v first_o because_o both_o of_o they_o declare_v the_o sum_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o doctrine_n they_o intend_v to_o preach_v in_o the_o same_o word_n repent_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n be_v at_o hand_n so_o begin_v the_o baptist_n mat._n 3.2_o and_o so_o christ_n mat._n 4.17_o and_o christ_n himself_o say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n that_o be_v the_o new_a law_n for_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o hebrew_n kingdom_n the_o jew_n call_v their_o law_n kingdom_n to_o call_v their_o law_n by_o the_o name_n of_o kingdom_n begin_v to_o suffer_v violence_n from_o the_o day_n of_o john_n the_o baptist_n mat._n 11.12_o john_n be_v say_v to_o preach_v repentance_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o sin_n mark_v 1.4_o so_o do_v the_o apostle_n in_o the_o name_n of_o christ_n act_v 2.38_o john_n require_v fruit_n worthy_a of_o repentance_n and_o threaten_v destruction_n to_o those_o that_o do_v not_o produce_v they_o matth._n 3.8_o 10._o he_o require_v also_o work_v of_o charity_n beyond_o the_o law_n luke_n 3.11_o the_o law_n also_o be_v say_v to_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o john_n that_o be_v until_o the_o new_a and_o more_o perfect_a law_n shall_v with_o he_o begin_v mat._n 11.13_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o john_n be_v say_v to_o be_v prophetis_fw-la major_a great_a than_o the_o prophet_n mat._n 11.9_o luk._n 7.26_o and_o that_o he_o be_v send_v to_o give_v knowledge_n of_o salvation_n unto_o the_o people_n luk._n 2.77_o and_o to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n 3.16_o act_n 19.4_o joh._n 1.29_o mat._n 3.11_o mat._n 1.8_o luk._n 3.16_o luk._n 2.18_o neither_o do_v john_n ever_o distinguish_v jesus_n from_o himself_o by_o any_o difference_n that_o there_o be_v in_o their_o doctrine_n but_o only_o thus_o that_o what_o john_n declare_v general_o and_o confuse_o be_v more_o distinct_o deliver_v by_o christ_n who_o be_v the_o true_a light_n but_o by_o this_o that_o jesus_n be_v the_o messiah_n that_o be_v promise_v the_o king_n of_o a_o heavenly_a kingdom_n who_o shall_v give_v the_o power_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n to_o those_o who_o shall_v believe_v on_o he_o the_o four_o argument_n and_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o of_o no_o small_a force_n be_v this_o that_o if_o by_o the_o arg._n 4_o gospel_n alâ—_n power_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o magistrate_n to_o execute_v capital_a punishment_n follow_v a_o argument_n â—â—â—â—r_fw-mi â—â—om_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d conâ—â—ouâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d tâ—â—t_n â—ou_fw-mi â—_o follow_v together_o with_o that_o of_o the_o sword_n to_o defend_v their_o subject_n from_o thief_n and_o robber_n how_o soon_o will_v the_o christian_a world_n be_v overrun_v with_o rapine_n and_o violence_n and_o what_o a_o deluge_n of_o wickedness_n of_o all_o sort_n will_v break_v in_o upon_o we_o that_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o consequence_n we_o shall_v easy_o grant_v if_o we_o either_o remember_v what_o sad_a effect_n this_o remissness_n bring_v upon_o the_o old_a world_n or_o if_o we_o do_v but_o observe_v how_o hardly_o these_o sin_n of_o rapine_n cruelty_n and_o the_o like_a be_v restrain_v now_o even_o by_o capital_a punishment_n for_o the_o suppress_n whereof_o tribunal_n law_n and_o so_o many_o kind_n and_o degree_n of_o punishment_n be_v invent_v say_v chryso_v in_o serm_n ad_fw-la patrem_fw-la fidelem_fw-la wherefore_o if_o christ_n
have_v intend_v to_o have_v introduce_v a_o new_a and_o never_o before_o hear_v of_o form_n of_o government_n without_o doubt_n he_o will_v have_v declare_v it_o in_o such_o distinct_a term_n and_o in_o such_o a_o plain_a dress_n of_o word_n as_o shall_v have_v be_v liable_a to_o no_o misprision_n as_o let_v no_o man_n hereafter_o adjudge_v malefactor_n to_o death_n let_v no_o man_n take_v arm_n to_o defend_v himself_o or_o the_o like_a which_o we_o no_o where_n read_v that_o ever_o he_o do_v but_o whatsoever_o word_n be_v wrest_v from_o the_o scripture_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v either_o very_a general_n or_o very_o obscure_a but_o equity_n itself_o and_o common_a reason_n will_v instruct_v we_o thus_o much_o that_o in_o publish_v new_a law_n we_o be_v to_o restrain_v word_n too_o general_a and_o to_o explain_v term_n too_o ambiguous_a and_o rather_o to_o decline_v a_o little_a from_o the_o common_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n than_o to_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o sense_n of_o they_o as_o may_v introduce_v so_o many_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n with_o it_o the_o five_o argument_n be_v this_o that_o it_o can_v be_v conclude_v by_o any_o probable_a argument_n arg._n 5_o that_o the_o judicial_a law_n of_o moses_n be_v ever_o abolish_v till_o their_o city_n jerusalem_n be_v burn_v and_o with_o it_o not_o the_o form_n only_o but_o the_o very_a hope_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v utter_o vanish_v for_o neither_o do_v moses_n prefix_v any_o term_n or_o period_n to_o this_o law_n nor_o do_v christ_n or_o his_o apostle_n any_o where_o declare_v the_o surcease_n of_o it_o unless_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n yea_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a st._n paul_n say_v that_o the_o high_a priest_n be_v constitute_v that_o he_o may_v judge_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n act_n 24.3_o and_o christ_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o pecept_n mat._n 5._o say_v 5.17_o mat._n 5.17_o that_o he_o come_v to_o fulfil_v the_o law_n and_o not_o to_o destroy_v it_o which_o word_n if_o we_o refer_v to_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n be_v not_o difficult_a to_o be_v understand_v for_o when_o the_o picture_n be_v finish_v what_o need_v we_o the_o foul_a draught_n the_o ceremonial_a law_n be_v fulfil_v in_o he_o it_o consist_v in_o type_n and_o shadow_n whereof_o the_o substance_n be_v christ_n but_o how_o can_v christ_n be_v say_v to_o fulfil_v the_o judicial_a law_n if_o as_o some_o hold_v he_o take_v it_o away_o and_o if_o the_o jew_n be_v oblige_v by_o the_o judicial_a law_n till_o the_o dissolution_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o jew_n though_o christianize_v in_o case_n they_o have_v be_v call_v to_o be_v magistrate_n can_v neither_o have_v avoid_v it_o nor_o have_v judge_v otherwise_o than_o as_o moses_n have_v prescribe_v ay_o true_o have_v thorough_o weigh_v all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v can_v find_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o why_o any_o pious_a man_n shall_v expound_v those_o word_n of_o christ_n in_o any_o other_o sense_n this_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o many_o thing_n be_v tolerate_v among_o the_o jew_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n whether_o as_o to_o outward_a impunity_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o inward_a purity_n also_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o determine_v which_o christ_n will_v not_o permit_v in_o his_o disciple_n as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n for_o every_o offence_n and_o for_o a_o man_n injure_v to_o require_v revenge_n by_o way_n of_o retaliation_n but_o yet_o between_o christ_n precept_n and_o moses_n his_o permission_n there_o may_v be_v some_o difference_n but_o no_o repugnancy_n for_o under_o the_o law_n if_o a_o man_n do_v retain_v his_o wife_n or_o if_o he_o do_v remit_v revenge_n private_o due_a he_o can_v not_o be_v say_v to_o break_v the_o law_n but_o to_o do_v that_o which_o the_o law_n do_v chief_o require_v of_o he_o but_o it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o in_o a_o judge_n who_o the_o law_n do_v not_o permit_v but_o enjoin_v to_o punish_v a_o murderer_n with_o death_n which_o if_o he_o do_v not_o he_o himself_o shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a before_o god_n now_o if_o christ_n have_v command_v such_o a_o judge_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o adjudge_v any_o malefactor_n to_o death_n this_o be_v contrary_a to_o law_n he_o have_v dissolve_v and_o not_o fulfil_v it_o the_o six_o argument_n be_v draw_v from_o cornelius_n the_o centurion_n who_o receive_v the_o holy_a ghost_n arg._n 6_o an_o undeniable_a sign_n of_o justification_n from_o christ_n himself_o cornelius_n from_o the_o example_n of_o cornelius_n and_o be_v baptize_v into_o the_o name_n of_o christ_n by_o st._n peter_n yet_o do_v we_o no_o where_n read_v that_o he_o lay_v down_o his_o commission_n or_o that_o he_o be_v admonish_v by_o st._n peter_n so_o to_o do_v but_o some_o may_v say_v that_o be_v instruct_v by_o st._n peter_n in_o the_o christian_a religion_n it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o do_v resolve_v to_o desert_v his_o call_n whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o it_o can_v be_v any_o where_o find_v among_o the_o precept_n of_o christ_n or_o infallible_o prove_v that_o christ_n do_v forbid_v to_o make_v war_n than_o what_o they_o say_v be_v to_o the_o purpose_n but_o see_v no_o such_o precept_n be_v extant_a certain_o it_o be_v much_o more_o probable_a that_o in_o this_o case_n of_o cornelius_n somewhat_o will_v have_v be_v say_v against_o it_o if_o it_o have_v be_v hold_v unlawful_a that_o so_o in_o after_o age_n man_n of_o that_o profession_n may_v not_o have_v plead_v ignorance_n of_o the_o danger_n incident_a to_o that_o function_n neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o in_o case_n the_o centurion_n have_v then_o renounce_v his_o military_a profession_n st._n luke_n will_v have_v omit_v the_o record_v of_o it_o as_o usual_o he_o do_v in_o like_a case_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o several_a place_n but_o especial_o act_n 19.19_o arg._n 7_o the_o seven_o argument_n we_o deduce_v from_o sergius_n paulus_n of_o who_o after_o his_o conversion_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least-mention_n make_v of_o his_o renounce_v his_o propraetorship_n paulus_n and_o of_o sergius_n paulus_n or_o of_o any_o admonition_n give_v he_o by_o st._n paul_n to_o do_v it_o that_o which_o be_v not_o record_v be_v most_o expedient_a to_o have_v be_v so_o may_v be_v presume_v not_o to_o have_v be_v do_v at_o all_o arg._n 8_o the_o eight_o argument_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o st._n paul_n who_o understand_v that_o the_o jew_n have_v lay_v wait_v to_o kill_v he_o paâ—â—_n and_o of_o st._n paâ—â—_n acquaint_v the_o chief_a captain_n therewith_o who_o send_v he_o a_o strong_a guard_n of_o soldier_n to_o secure_v his_o person_n which_o st._n paul_n do_v not_o refuse_v nor_o do_v he_o admonish_v either_o the_o chief_a captain_n or_o the_o soldier_n that_o it_o be_v not_o acceptable_a to_o god_n to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n which_o he_o have_v be_v apt_a enough_o to_o have_v do_v have_v he_o believe_v it_o to_o have_v be_v unlawful_a arg._n 9_o the_o nine_o argument_n be_v take_v from_o st._n paul_n precept_n for_o pay_v tribute_n for_o conscience_n sake_n 13.6_o from_o tribute_n which_o be_v to_o have_v be_v pay_v rom._n 13.6_o for_o of_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v honest_a and_o just_a its_o proper_a end_n must_v needs_o be_v so_o now_o the_o properend_a of_o pay_v of_o tribute_n be_v to_o maintain_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n whereby_o the_o innocent_a be_v protect_v and_o the_o nocent_a correct_v or_o cut_v off_o but_o that_o we_o render_v unto_o prince_n their_o tribute_n due_a be_v a_o precept_n of_o the_o new_a law_n and_o bind_v the_o conscience_n as_o st._n paul_n testify_v to_o the_o roman_n therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o by_o the_o precept_n of_o christianity_n the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n be_v honest_a and_o just_a very_o pertinent_a to_o this_o purpose_n 74._o hist_o l._n 4._o lib._n 22._o contra_fw-la faustum_n c._n 74._o be_v that_o of_o tacitus_n there_o can_v be_v no_o peace_n among_o nation_n without_o arm_n no_o arm_n without_o pay_n nor_o pay_v without_o tax_n so_o st._n aug._n for_o this_o cause_n pay_v we_o tribute_n that_o soldier_n may_v have_v their_o wage_n to_o buy_v necessary_n arg._n 10_o the_o ten_o argument_n be_v take_v from_o st._n paul_n speech_n act_v 25._o 25._o act_n 25._o if_o i_o have_v wrong_v any_o man_n or_o if_o i_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n worthy_a of_o death_n i_o refuse_v not_o to_o die_v so_o act._n 28.18_o 28.18_o act._n 28.18_o they_o find_v no_o cause_n of_o death_n in_o i_o 28.18_o act._n 28.18_o say_v st._n paul_n whereupon_o justine_n martyr_n thus_o gloss_v if_o there_o be_v any_o
among_o we_o that_o live_v not_o conformable_o to_o those_o precept_n be_v only_o in_o name_n christian_n that_o such_o shall_v be_v punish_v and_o that_o by_o you_o be_v our_o desire_n as_o well_o as_o you_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o it_o be_v st._n paul_n opinion_n even_o after_o the_o gospel_n be_v publish_v that_o there_o be_v some_o crime_n which_o in_o common_a equity_n deserve_v death_n which_o very_a thing_n be_v grant_v by_o st._n peter_n also_o 1_o pet._n 2.19_o 20._o but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v god_n will_n that_o no_o capital_a punishment_n shall_v have_v be_v execute_v after_o christ_n come_n st._n paul_n may_v have_v purge_v himself_o but_o he_o think_v it_o not_o convenient_a to_o instil_v such_o principle_n into_o the_o mind_n of_o his_o hearer_n as_o though_o it_o have_v not_o be_v as_o lawful_a then_o as_o formerly_z to_o punish_v criminal_n with_o death_n wherefore_o he_o wave_v this_o plea_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o ancient_a law_n if_o i_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n worthy_a of_o death_n i_o refuse_v not_o to_o die_v now_o have_v thus_o prove_v that_o after_o the_o christian_a law_n be_v give_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o punish_v obstinate_a malefactor_n with_o death_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o prince_n to_o make_v war_n namely_o against_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o offender_n as_o shall_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n infest_v a_o nation_n who_o unless_o they_o be_v by_o force_n subdue_v will_v never_o acknowledge_v their_o own_o guilt_n for_o though_o the_o power_n of_o these_o offender_n and_o their_o obstinate_a resolution_n may_v be_v a_o prudent_a consideration_n to_o persuade_v prince_n sometime_o not_o to_o execute_v it_o yet_o certain_o it_o diminish_v nothing_o of_o their_o right_n so_o to_o punish_v arg._n 11_o the_o last_o argument_n may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o christian_a law_n do_v abrogate_v that_o law_n of_o moses_n only_o that_o do_v separate_v the_o gentile_n from_o the_o jew_n eph._n 2.14_o but_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v the_o reputation_n of_o be_v honest_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o civilise_v nation_n the_o christian_a law_n be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v away_o that_o it_o comprehend_v they_o under_o that_o general_a precept_n of_o all_o honesty_n and_o virtue_n phil._n 4.8_o 1_o cor._n 11.14_o and_o as_o to_o the_o capital_a punishment_n of_o malefactor_n and_o the_o repel_v of_o injury_n by_o force_n these_o may_v be_v rank_v among_o thing_n laudable_a and_o may_v well_o be_v refer_v unto_o those_o two_o excellent_a virtue_n justice_n and_o beneficence_n but_o here_o on_o the_o by_o we_o be_v not_o to_o omit_v the_o error_n of_o some_o who_o whole_o attribute_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o jewish_a war_n against_o the_o seven_o nation_n to_o the_o grant_n that_o god_n make_v unto_o they_o long_o before_o of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n whereas_o this_o indeed_o may_v be_v one_o but_o not_o the_o only_a cause_n for_o as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o land_n many_o pious_a and_o just_a man_n do_v make_v war_n by_o the_o guidance_n of_o mere_a natural_a reason_n upon_o several_a other_o occasion_n as_o king_n david_n do_v for_o the_o affront_v offer_v unto_o his_o ambassador_n neither_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o every_o man_n enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n of_o humane_a law_n less_o his_o own_o than_o that_o which_o be_v give_v he_o by_o god_n himself_o nor_o be_v that_o right_a either_o lessen_v or_o take_v away_o by_o the_o christian_a law_n viii_o the_o argument_n for_o the_o adverse_a opinion_n answer_v 10._o esay_n 2.4_o orat._n christian_n esse_fw-la deum_fw-la euseb_n de_fw-fr praep_n lib._n 1._o c._n 10._o now_o by_o poise_v these_o argument_n with_o those_o bring_v on_o the_o adverse_a part_n the_o judicious_a may_v easy_o find_v whether_o of_o they_o be_v weighty_a and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o urge_v that_o of_o esay_n and_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o people_n shall_v break_v their_o sword_n into_o ploughshare_n and_o their_o spear_n into_o prune_a hook_n nation_n shall_v not_o lift_v up_o sword_n against_o nation_n neither_o shall_v they_o learn_v war_n any_o more_o which_o word_n of_o esay_n st._n chrysostome_n apply_v unto_o that_o universal_a peace_n that_o the_o world_n enjoy_v under_o the_o roman_a empire_n neither_o be_v it_o foretell_v only_o say_v he_o that_o this_o new_a religion_n shall_v be_v firm_a stable_a and_o unshaken_a but_o that_o therewith_o there_o shall_v come_v peace_n to_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o this_o prophecy_n of_o esay_n as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v either_o under_o some_o condition_n as_o many_o other_o be_v as_o that_o such_o shall_v be_v the_o state_n of_o affair_n in_o case_n all_o nation_n shall_v submit_v to_o the_o yoke_n of_o christ_n and_o live_v according_a to_o his_o law_n whereunto_o there_o shall_v nothing_o be_v defective_a on_o god_n part_n for_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o if_o all_o be_v christian_n or_o all_o that_o call_v themselves_o so_o will_v live_v after_o the_o rule_n of_o christ_n there_o will_v be_v no_o occasion_n for_o capital_a punishment_n and_o consequent_o no_o use_n at_o all_o of_o the_o sword_n so_o justin_n write_v of_o the_o christian_n in_o his_o time_n non_fw-fr pug_n namus_fw-la in_o host_n we_o say_v he_o fight_v not_o against_o enemy_n and_o thus_o philo_n testify_v of_o the_o esseni_n there_o be_v none_o among_o they_o that_o make_v either_o javelin_n arrow_n sword_n helmet_n or_o any_o other_o instrument_n of_o war._n so_o chrysostome_n si_fw-mi esset_fw-la inter_fw-la homines_fw-la qualis_fw-la oportet_fw-la dilectio_fw-la nullas_fw-la fore_fw-la poenas_fw-la capitales_fw-la if_o there_o be_v that_o perfect_a love_n among_o man_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o capital_a punishment_n then_o also_o as_o arnobius_n speak_v will_v iron_n and_o steel_n be_v convert_v into_o more_o innocent_a and_o profitable_a instrument_n than_o for_o man_n therewith_o to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v each_o other_o or_o this_o place_n of_o esay_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v simple_o and_o pure_o as_o the_o word_n import_v and_o than_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o prophecy_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o accomplish_v but_o the_o fulfil_n thereof_o as_o that_o of_o the_o general_a conversion_n of_o the_o jew_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v hope_v for_o but_o take_v it_o as_o we_o please_v in_o either_o sense_n nothing_o can_v be_v from_o thence_o conclude_v against_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o war_n so_o long_o as_o they_o that_o hearty_o endeavour_v to_o live_v in_o peace_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o enjoy_v it_o or_o as_o the_o psalmist_n have_v it_o whilst_o some_o be_v endeavour_v after_o peace_n other_o be_v prepare_v themselves_o for_o battle_n expound_v mat._n 5._o expound_v many_o argument_n be_v usual_o draw_v from_o the_o five_o of_o st._n matthew_n for_o the_o resolve_v whereof_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o we_o shall_v remember_v what_o a_o little_a before_o be_v say_v that_o have_v our_o great_a law_n giver_n intend_v to_o have_v abolish_v all_o capital_a punishment_n and_o this_o right_n of_o make_v war_n he_o will_v certain_o have_v do_v it_o in_o most_o plain_a and_o express_v term_n the_o matter_n be_v so_o weighty_a and_o so_o new_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o none_o of_o the_o jew_n can_v conceive_v or_o imagine_v but_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o moses_n his_o judicial_a law_n so_o long_o as_o their_o commonwealth_n shall_v stand_v this_o be_v thus_o premise_v let_v we_o orderly_o examine_v what_o plain_a and_o conclude_a power_n these_o place_n of_o scripture_n have_v to_o evince_v the_o thing_n they_o be_v bring_v for_o answer_v the_o second_o place_n they_o urge_v be_v this_o you_o have_v hear_v it_o say_v a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n and_o a_o tooth_n for_o a_o tooth_n but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o do_v not_o resist_v he_o that_o do_v thou_o a_o injury_n but_o if_o any_o man_n strike_v thou_o on_o the_o one_o cheek_n turn_v to_o he_o the_o other_o also_o from_o hence_o some_o do_v infer_v that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a either_o to_o repel_v or_o to_o avenge_v a_o injury_n whether_o public_o or_o private_o but_o this_o can_v be_v enforce_v from_o the_o word_n of_o christ_n who_o do_v not_o there_o address_v his_o discourse_n to_o the_o magistrate_n but_o to_o the_o person_n injure_v neither_o do_v he_o there_o speak_v of_o every_o injury_n but_o of_o such_o slight_a one_o as_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n and_o the_o like_a the_o precept_n follow_v seem_v to_o restrain_v the_o word_n precede_v as_o if_o they_o be_v too_o general_a if_o any_o man_n will_v sue_v thou_o at_o the_o law_n patientia_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr
whereof_o the_o magistrate_n be_v design_v to_o be_v the_o minister_n rom._n 13.4_o moses_n be_v high_o celebrate_v for_o his_o meekness_n and_o gentleness_n yet_o do_v he_o punish_v malefactor_n with_o death_n and_o christ_n himself_o the_o most_o absolute_a pattern_n and_o mirror_n of_o meekness_n and_o patience_n be_v provoke_v by_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o jew_n ingratitude_n be_v say_v by_o a_o parable_n to_o send_v out_o his_o army_n to_o burn_v up_o their_o city_n and_o to_o destroy_v her_o citizen_n mat._n 22.7_o the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v mat._n 21.44_o and_o luke_n 19.12_o 14_o 27._o and_o although_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v as_o chrysostom_n observe_v the_o axe_n and_o the_o hammer_n 4.21_o chrys_n in_o 1_o cor._n 4.21_o yet_o be_v it_o christ_n himself_o that_o bring_v these_o calamity_n upon_o they_o according_a to_o his_o own_o prediction_n as_o well_o by_o parable_n as_o plain_o and_o express_o near_o unto_o their_o master_n come_v the_o apostle_n themselves_o in_o imitation_n of_o his_o meekness_n and_o gentleness_n 8._o aug._n ser._n dom._n in_o mont_fw-fr l._n 1._o grat._n c._n 23._o q._n 8._o who_o notwithstanding_o make_v use_n of_o the_o power_n give_v they_o from_o above_o in_o the_o punishment_n of_o incorrigible_a sinner_n as_o be_v plain_a 1_o cor._n 4.21_o 1_o cor._n 5.5_o 1_o tim._n 1.20_o obj._n 4_o their_o four_o objection_n that_o be_v bring_v against_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o war_n be_v extract_v from_o rom._n 12.17_o 12.17_o rom._n 12.17_o render_v unto_o no_o man_n evil_a for_o evil_n provide_v thing_n honest_a in_o the_o sight_n of_o all_o man_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a as_o much_o as_o in_o you_o lie_v live_v peaceable_o with_o all_o man_n dear_o belove_v 10._o belove_v the_o vulgar_a interpretation_n be_v defend_v not_o yourselves_o but_o this_o word_n be_v often_o put_v by_o christian_a author_n in_o this_o sense_n of_o avenge_a aug._n expound_v this_o place_n very_o well_o where_o he_o say_v resist_v not_o evil_a lest_o you_o delight_v in_o revenge_n which_o feed_v the_o mind_n fat_a with_o other_o man_n misfortune_n vide_fw-la infra_fw-la bo._n 2._o ch_n 20._o §_o 5._o and_o 10._o avenge_v not_o yourselves_o but_o rather_o give_v place_n unto_o wrath_n for_o it_o be_v write_v vengeance_n be_v i_o i_o will_v repay_v it_o say_v the_o lord_n therefore_o if_o thy_o enemy_n hunger_n feed_v he_o of_o he_o thirst_v give_v he_o drink_v for_o in_o so_o do_v thou_o shall_v heap_v coal_n of_o fire_n upon_o his_o head_n be_v not_o overcome_v of_o evil_a but_o overcome_v evil_a with_o good_a but_o here_o also_o the_o same_o answer_n will_v serve_v as_o be_v give_v to_o the_o former_a for_o at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n when_o god_n impropriate_v to_o himself_o the_o sword_n of_o vengeance_n as_o his_o prerogative_n say_v vengeance_n be_v i_o at_o the_o self_n same_o time_n be_v malefactor_n put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o law_n prescribe_v for_o make_v of_o war_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n enjoin_v to_o the_o jew_n to_o do_v good_a to_o their_o enemy_n if_o their_o own_o countryman_n as_o exod._n 23.4_o 5._o which_o notwithstanding_o do_v no_o way_n diminish_v either_o the_o right_n of_o make_v a_o just_a war_n or_o the_o execution_n of_o incorrigible_a malefactor_n wherefore_o neither_o can_v these_o or_o the_o like_a precept_n now_o though_o never_o so_o much_o enlarge_v be_v wrest_v to_o such_o a_o sense_n much_o less_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o divide_v the_o scripture_n into_o chapter_n and_o verse_n be_v not_o do_v by_o the_o apostle_n nor_o in_o their_o age_n but_o long_o after_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a quotation_n of_o the_o text_n when_o fit_a to_o be_v bring_v for_o confirmation_n so_o that_o what_o begin_v the_o 13_o to_o the_o roman_n revenge_n the_o first_o verse_n of_o rom._n 13._o be_v annex_v to_o the_o precept_n in_o the_o chapter_n forego_v against_o take_v revenge_n let_v every_o soul_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o 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if_o private_a person_n offend_v the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o judge_v if_o the_o magistrate_n offend_v the_o prince_n but_o of_o prince_n god_n alone_o be_v the_o proper_a judge_n thus_o do_v vitigis_fw-la be_v himself_o a_o king_n plead_v in_o cassiodore_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o king_n causa_fw-la regiae_n potestatis_fw-la supernis_fw-la est_fw-la applicanda_fw-la judiciis_fw-la quandoquidem_fw-la illa_fw-la è_fw-la coelo_fw-la petita_fw-la est_fw-la &_o soli_fw-la coelo_fw-la debet_fw-la innocentiam_fw-la the_o miscarriage_n of_o prince_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o god_n tribunal_n for_o receive_v their_o power_n from_o heaven_n to_o heaven_n alone_o they_o owe_v their_o innocence_n and_o present_o after_o he_o subjoin_v neither_o can_v we_o be_v accountable_a to_o any_o other_o because_o upon_o earth_n we_o have_v no_o judge_n nor_o within_o our_o dominion_n any_o peer_n another_o notable_a place_n we_o have_v in_o gregory_n turonensis_n where_o he_o be_v a_o bishop_n thus_o 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sell_v or_o bequeath_v by_o testament_n than_o kingdom_n be_v xv._o this_o appear_v by_o the_o assign_v tutor_n and_o protector_n in_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o another_o mâ—rk_n whereby_o this_o distinction_n may_v be_v see_v namely_o in_o the_o tutelage_n or_o protection_n of_o kingdom_n when_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v hinder_v or_o disable_v either_o by_o some_o disease_n or_o through_o old_a age_n or_o the_o like_a from_o perform_v their_o duty_n for_o where_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o patrimonial_a the_o protectorship_n be_v they_o to_o who_o the_o public_a law_n or_o if_o they_o be_v silent_a the_o people_n shall_v consign_v it_o but_o if_o the_o kingdom_n be_v patrimonial_a then_o to_o they_o who_o the_o father_n or_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n shall_v choose_v thus_o do_v ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n appoint_v by_o his_o testament_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o guardian_n to_o his_o son_n who_o to_o perform_v that_o trust_n send_v m._n aemilius_n lepidus_n who_o be_v their_o chief_a priest_n 1._o val._n mar._n lib._n 6._o tit._n 6._o c._n 1._o and_o have_v be_v twice_o consul_n unto_o alexandria_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o government_n and_o of_o the_o child_n education_n by_o who_o care_n not_o only_o the_o kingdom_n be_v preserve_v but_o the_o child_n in_o his_o youth_n so_o well_o discipline_v that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o judge_v whether_o he_o receive_v more_o glory_n by_o his_o father_n great_a fortune_n or_o by_o the_o majesty_n of_o his_o guardian_n so_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o epirus_n which_o first_o depend_v on_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n tutor_n be_v public_o assign_v unto_o their_o young_a king_n ariba_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o nobility_n of_o macedon_n to_o the_o posthumous_n son_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n but_o in_o asia_n the_o lesser_a which_o be_v gain_v by_o the_o sword_n king_n eumenes_n die_v appoint_v his_o brother_n protector_n to_o his_o young_a son_n attalus_n so_o do_v 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the_o act_n as_o that_o of_o adrian_n abovementioned_a or_o the_o very_a power_n itself_o if_o it_o restrain_v the_o exercise_n only_o than_o the_o act_n that_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o promise_v be_v sâ—id_v to_o be_v unjust_a because_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o every_o promise_n give_v a_o right_a to_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v but_o if_o it_o restrain_v the_o faculty_n itself_o than_o the_o act_n will_v be_v void_a for_o wâ—nt_v of_o a_o right_n or_o faculty_n to_o do_v it_o and_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o necessary_o follow_v that_o he_o thâ—â—â—â—us_o promise_v have_v any_o power_n superior_a to_o himself_o for_o his_o act_n be_v not_o make_v void_a by_o any_o power_n above_o he_o but_o by_o very_a right_n among_o the_o persian_n no_o man_n can_v say_v but_o that_o their_o king_n be_v supreme_a and_o absolute_a in_o power_n and_o not_o liable_a to_o give_v a_o account_n as_o plutarch_n testify_v nay_o their_o king_n be_v adore_v as_o god_n own_o image_n and_o as_o justin_n tell_v we_o be_v never_o change_v but_o by_o death_n he_o be_v a_o king_n indeed_o that_o say_v to_o the_o noble_n of_o persia_n ne_fw-la viderer_fw-la meo_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la usus_fw-la consilio_fw-la vos_fw-la contraxi_fw-la caeterum_fw-la mementote_fw-la parendum_fw-la vobis_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la suadendum_fw-la 5._o val._n max._n lib._n 9_o c._n 5._o lest_o i_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o govern_v by_o my_o own_o counsel_n only_o i_o have_v call_v you_o together_o but_o otherwise_o remember_v that_o it_o be_v your_o duty_n rather_o to_o obey_v than_o to_o persuade_v and_o yet_o do_v this_o very_a king_n at_o his_o coronation_n swear_v not_o to_o alter_v the_o law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n make_v after_o such_o a_o form_n as_o both_o xenophon_n and_o diodorus_n testify_v and_o as_o the_o history_n of_o daniel_n and_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o themistocles_n inform_v we_o 1._o ch._n 6_o 8_o 13_o 15._o pers_n l._n 1._o so_o josephus_n tell_v we_o that_o vashti_n can_v not_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n because_o the_o royal_a decree_n be_v go_v out_o which_o can_v not_o be_v break_v and_o long_o after_o they_o procopius_n confirm_v as_o much_o where_o we_o may_v read_v a_o notable_a example_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o very_a same_o do_v diodorus_n siculus_n relate_v of_o the_o king_n of_o aethiopia_n and_o egypt_n who_o without_o doubt_n as_o all_o other_o eastern_a king_n have_v in_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n absolute_a power_n and_o yet_o be_v they_o all_o at_o their_o admission_n oblige_v to_o many_o thing_n by_o oath_n or_o promise_n which_o if_o they_o perform_v not_o though_o while_o they_o live_v they_o can_v not_o be_v question_v yet_o be_v dead_a their_o memory_n may_v be_v accuse_v and_o be_v condemn_v their_o carcase_n may_v be_v deny_v solemn_a funeral_n this_o apion_n record_n 3_o civiliam_fw-la 3_o leges_fw-la tyrannorum_fw-la corpora_fw-la insepulta_fw-la extra_fw-la fine_n projici_fw-la jubent_fw-la the_o law_n say_v he_o command_v the_o body_n of_o tyrant_n to_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o their_o territory_n unbury_v in_o obedience_n to_o the_o like_a law_n the_o emperor_n andronicus_n deprive_v his_o own_o father_n michael_n of_o christian_a burial_n 6._o gregoras_n l._n 6._o because_o he_o follow_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o latin_a church_n and_o such_o another_o law_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v among_o the_o hebrew_n who_o will_v not_o permit_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o wicked_a king_n to_o be_v inter_v among_o their_o good_a king_n the_o like_a we_o may_v find_v in_o josephus_n concern_v the_o two_o jorams_fw-mi 3.5_o 2_o chr._n 24.25_o &_o ch._n 28._o 27._o jos_n art_n l._n 8._o c._n 3.5_o the_o one_o king_n of_o juda_n the_o other_o king_n of_o israel_n by_o which_o excellent_a temperament_n of_o reverence_n and_o justice_n they_o both_o preserve_v the_o majesty_n of_o
he_o refer_v to_o optimacy_n as_o that_o of_o the_o consul_n which_o he_o refer_v to_o monarchy_n be_v both_o of_o they_o subject_n to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n now_o the_o self_n same_o may_v be_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o all_o other_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o write_v of_o politic_n who_o haply_o think_v it_o more_o agreeable_a to_o their_o purpose_n to_o gaze_v on_o the_o extern_a face_n and_o daily_a administration_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n than_o unto_o the_o very_o right_o of_o it_o itself_o xx._n true_a example_n much_o more_o pertinent_a to_o the_o matter_n be_v that_o of_o aristotle_n who_o say_v that_o between_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a monarchy_n and_o that_o like_a unto_o the_o laconian_a be_v but_o a_o mere_a principality_n there_o be_v some_o of_o a_o mix_v kind_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o example_n as_o i_o conceive_v in_o the_o isâ—aelitish_n king_n who_o doubtless_o in_o most_o thing_n govern_v by_o a_o full_a power_n government_n mix_v government_n for_o such_o a_o king_n the_o people_n require_v as_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n have_v suppose_v as_o josephus_n testify_v that_o if_o they_o be_v govern_v like_o unto_o their_o neighbour_n they_o shall_v suffer_v no_o inconvenience_n not_o consider_v that_o all_o the_o eastern_a nation_n except_o themselves_o be_v under_o a_o slavish_a government_n so_o atossa_n in_o aeschylus_n speak_v to_o the_o persian_n of_o their_o king_n say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a to_o the_o city_n for_o what_o he_o do_v that_o of_o virgil_n be_v well_o know_v nor_o egypt_n nor_o vast_a lydia_n nor_o mede_n nor_o parthian_n thus_o their_o king_n obey_v livy_n give_v this_o character_n of_o the_o syrian_n and_o all_o the_o asian_a people_n that_o they_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o man_n bear_v to_o be_v slave_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o of_o apollonius_n in_o philostratus_n the_o assyrian_n and_o mede_n do_v adore_v their_o king_n nor_o that_o of_o aristotle_n 14._o pol._n l._n 3._o c._n 14._o all_o the_o asian_o do_v patient_o submit_v to_o monarchy_n and_o to_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v that_o civilis_fw-la batavus_fw-la to_o the_o gaul_n in_o tacitus_n the_o syrian_n and_o asian_o might_n well_o serve_v 4._o hist_o l._n 4._o because_o all_o the_o oriental_a people_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o absolute_a monarch_n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v even_o at_o that_o time_n king_n also_o both_o in_o germany_n and_o france_n but_o as_o the_o same_o tacitus_n there_o observe_v absolute_a all_o the_o asian_a king_n absolute_a they_o be_v such_o as_o govern_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o a_o precarious_a way_n or_o as_o i_o say_v before_o more_o by_o a_o persuasive_a than_o by_o a_o coercive_a power_n we_o observe_v before_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n be_v under_o their_o king_n and_o samuel_n describe_v the_o government_n of_o king_n sufficient_o prove_v that_o against_o the_o injury_n do_v by_o they_o there_o remain_v no_o power_n at_o all_o in_o the_o people_n either_o to_o resist_v or_o revenge_n which_o the_o ancient_n do_v right_o gather_v from_o those_o word_n of_o king_n david_n tibi_fw-la soli_fw-la peccavi_fw-la unto_o thou_o only_o have_v i_o sin_v because_o as_o st._n hierom_n upon_o that_o place_n gloss_v david_n be_v a_o king_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o none_o but_o god_n as_o have_v no_o other_o judge_n but_o he_o so_o likewise_o st._n ambrose_n david_n be_v a_o king_n and_o so_o subject_a to_o no_o law_n for_o king_n be_v free_a from_o those_o shackle_n wherewith_o their_o subject_n crime_n do_v entangle_v they_o they_o fear_v no_o punishment_n be_v secure_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o man_n therefore_o he_o sin_v not_o because_o to_o he_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a for_o his_o action_n apposite_z to_o this_o be_v that_o of_o vitiges_n in_o cassiodore_n causa_fw-la regiae_fw-la potestatis_fw-la supernis_fw-la est_fw-la applicanda_fw-la judiciis_fw-la quandoquidem_fw-la illa_fw-la coelo_fw-la petita_fw-la est_fw-la ita_fw-la soli_fw-la coelo_fw-la debet_fw-la innocentiam_fw-la the_o cause_n of_o a_o king_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o god_n tribunal_n for_o from_o whence_o he_o derive_v his_o power_n to_o he_o only_o he_o owe_v his_o innocence_n and_o in_o case_n of_o such_o oppression_n god_n himself_o prescribe_v the_o only_a remedy_n that_o the_o people_n can_v have_v against_o their_o king_n namely_o prayer_n and_o tear_n and_o you_o shall_v cry_v out_o in_o that_o day_n because_o of_o the_o king_n who_o you_o have_v choose_v 1_o sam._n 8.18_o he_o do_v not_o encourage_v they_o to_o rebel_n nor_o do_v he_o prescribe_v any_o legal_a way_n of_o proceed_v against_o they_o only_o they_o may_v cry_v unto_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o he_o hear_v they_o not_o they_o must_v suffer_v with_o patience_n nor_o do_v samuel_n insinuate_v this_o to_o the_o jew_n as_o if_o it_o be_v nudum_fw-la factum_fw-la that_o be_v that_o king_n abuse_v their_o power_n will_v do_v so_o but_o as_o if_o it_o be_v jus_fw-la regium_fw-la a_o right_a proper_a to_o kingly_a government_n to_o do_v so_o the_o jew_n themselves_o grant_v that_o if_o their_o king_n do_v transgress_v those_o law_n which_o moses_n prescribe_v unto_o they_o they_o be_v to_o be_v beat_v with_o rods._n but_o this_o be_v no_o reproach_n unto_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o compulsion_n but_o by_o a_o voluntary_a susception_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o their_o penitence_n nor_o be_v it_o do_v by_o any_o public_a officer_n but_o as_o he_o impose_v it_o upon_o himself_o free_o so_o he_o choose_v who_o he_o please_v to_o do_v it_o and_o prescribe_v both_o the_o manner_n and_o measure_n of_o his_o own_o punishment_n but_o from_o all_o coercive_a punishment_n their_o king_n be_v so_o free_a that_o even_o that_o law_n of_o excalciation_n deut._n 25.9_o because_o it_o be_v not_o without_o some_o reproach_n be_v not_o in_o force_n against_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o there_o be_v some_o case_n whereof_o their_o king_n have_v no_o right_n at_o all_o to_o judge_v but_o they_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o great_a sanhedrim_n or_o council_n of_o the_o 70._o elder_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o moses_n at_o god_n special_a command_n continue_v by_o a_o perpetual_a supply_n of_o election_n until_o the_o day_n of_o herod_n for_o which_o cause_n 6._o deut._n 1.17_o pâ—al_a 82.1_o 6._o they_o be_v by_o moses_n and_o david_n frequent_o call_v god_n and_o their_o judgement_n god_n judgement_n and_o those_o judge_n be_v likewise_o say_v to_o judge_v not_o for_o man_n but_o for_o god_n 2_o chron._n 19.6_o 8._o nay_o there_o be_v a_o plain_a distinction_n make_v between_o the_o thing_n of_o god_n and_o the_o thing_n of_o the_o king_n 2_o chron._n 19.11_o where_o by_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o the_o most_o learned_a among_o the_o jew_n do_v interpret_v it_o be_v mean_v the_o administer_a of_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n that_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n do_v by_o themselves_o sometime_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n i_o can_v deny_v wherein_o maimonides_n prefer_v those_o king_n before_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n which_o be_v sufficient_o clear_v by_o many_o example_n both_o in_o holy_a writ_n and_o also_o in_o other_o hebrew_n author_n but_o yet_o the_o cognizance_n of_o some_o cause_n be_v not_o permit_v unto_o they_o as_o that_o of_o the_o tribe_n that_o of_o the_o high_a priest_n that_o of_o a_o prophet_n for_o it_o can_v be_v say_v our_o saviour_n that_o a_o prophet_n perish_v out_o of_o jerusalem_n luke_n 13.33_o and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o story_n of_o jeremy_n who_o when_o the_o prince_n demand_v to_o death_n the_o king_n answer_v they_o behold_v he_o be_v in_o your_o power_n for_o against_o you_o the_o king_n can_v do_v nothing_o jer._n 38.5_o 38.5_o jer._n 38.5_o yea_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o that_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o sanhedrim_n can_v not_o be_v release_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o therefore_o hircanus_n 6._o jos_n ant._n l._n 14._o c._n 17._o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o king_n of_o macedon_n power_n avail_v nothing_o curt._n lib._n 4._o curtius_n lib._n 6._o when_o he_o see_v he_o can_v not_o hinder_v the_o sanhedrim_n from_o pass_v sentence_n against_o herod_n advise_v he_o by_o flight_n to_o secure_v himself_o in_o macedonia_n they_o that_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n from_o caranus_n as_o calisthenes_n in_o arianus_n report_v obtain_v the_o government_n not_o by_o force_n but_o by_o law_n now_o the_o macedonian_n though_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o regal_a government_n yet_o have_v a_o great_a smack_n of_o liberty_n than_o other_o nation_n for_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o any_o citizen_n it_o be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o macedonian_n in_o criminal_a
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first_o thing_n that_o fall_v under_o dispute_n be_v this_o whether_o that_o nation_n can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v supreme_a power_n that_o be_v in_o league_n with_o another_o nation_n upon_o term_n unequal_a where_o by_o unequal_a i_o do_v not_o mean_v where_o the_o confederate_a nation_n be_v of_o unequal_a power_n as_o when_o the_o city_n thebes_n make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o persian_a monarch_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pelopidas_n or_o the_o roman_n with_o the_o massilian_n and_o afterward_o with_o massanissa_n neither_o do_v i_o mean_v such_o a_o league_n as_o imply_v some_o one_o transient_a act_n that_o seem_v dishonourable_a as_o when_o a_o enemy_n pay_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n or_o perform_v some_o such_o thing_n be_v reconcile_v and_o become_v a_o confederate_a but_o where_o by_o the_o express_a article_n of_o the_o league_n there_o be_v some_o permanent_a and_o last_a prelation_n give_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o when_o one_o nation_n be_v bind_v to_o 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the_o great_a honour_n and_o the_o strong_a afford_v the_o great_a succour_n proculus_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o this_o question_n we_o very_o well_o know_v namely_o that_o that_o be_v a_o free_a nation_n which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o although_o it_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o league_n that_o that_o nation_n shall_v faithful_o uphold_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o other_o if_o therefore_o a_o nation_n bind_v by_o such_o a_o covenant_n do_v yet_o remain_v free_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o it_o follow_v that_o that_o nation_n do_v yet_o retain_v its_o sovereignty_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o king_n for_o of_o a_o free-people_n and_o of_o a_o king_n that_o be_v true_o so_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n proculus_n add_v further_a that_o such_o a_o clause_n be_v add_v in_o the_o league_n to_o declare_v that_o one_o nation_n be_v superior_a to_o another_o
but_o neither_o shall_v this_o move_v we_o for_o this_o be_v when_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n concern_v either_o the_o common_a good_a of_o both_o party_n confederate_a or_o the_o private_a profit_n of_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o that_o league_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n of_o common_a concernment_n 11.22_o dan._n 11.22_o the_o assembly_n not_o sit_v he_o that_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n though_o it_o be_v a_o equal_a league_n do_v usual_o command_v his_o associate_n as_o agamemnon_n in_o the_o trojan_a expedition_n do_v the_o grecian_a prince_n and_o as_o afterward_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v the_o grecian_n and_o after_o they_o the_o athenian_n thucydides_n in_o that_o oration_n make_v by_o the_o corinthian_n say_v it_o very_o well_o become_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n in_o private_a matter_n to_o deal_v equal_o but_o in_o public_a to_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o solicitous_a isocrates_n commend_v that_o excellent_a conduct_n of_o the_o ancient_a athenian_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o their_o social_a war_n say_v that_o they_o take_v care_n for_o all_o without_o entrench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o allow_v they_o to_o command_v but_o not_o to_o domineer_v it_o be_v well_o worth_a our_o observation_n that_o what_o the_o latin_n express_v by_o the_o word_n imperare_fw-la to_o command_v the_o greek_n more_o modest_o express_v by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o dispose_v or_o set_v in_o order_n the_o athenian_n to_o who_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o persian_n be_v commit_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v thucydides_n do_v order_v which_o city_n shall_v contribute_v money_n and_o which_o ship_n and_o they_o that_o be_v send_v from_o rome_n into_o greece_n 24._o plinii_n ep_v lib._n 8._o c._n 24._o be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o the_o free_a city_n now_o if_o he_o that_o be_v the_o principal_a party_n in_o a_o equal_a league_n do_v thus_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o he_o that_o in_o a_o unequal_a league_n be_v superior_a in_o honour_n and_o dignity_n do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o word_n imperium_fw-la that_o be_v empire_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o signify_v only_o a_o ordinance_n and_o appointment_n equal_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a do_v not_o at_o all_o imply_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o other_o liberty_n 37._o livy_n l._n 37._o the_o rhodian_o in_o their_o oration_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o the_o grecians_n be_v wont_a to_o defend_v their_o empire_n with_o their_o own_o force_n but_o their_o empire_n where_o now_o it_o be_v they_o wish_v that_o it_o may_v remain_v for_o ever_o they_o be_v now_o well_o content_v to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n with_o your_o arm_n 15._o lib._n 15._o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o do_v it_o with_o their_o own_o so_o diodorus_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o take_n of_o the_o cadmean_a 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no_o force_n who_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v fear_v armatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la regum_fw-la praeces_fw-la the_o request_n of_o king_n have_v the_o same_o power_n as_o command_n and_o a_o denial_n how_o just_a soever_o shall_v be_v by_o they_o as_o ill_o digest_v as_o a_o injury_n it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o say_v livy_n before_o caius_n posthumius_fw-la that_o any_o consul_n be_v either_o chargeable_a or_o burdensome_a to_o our_o associate_n in_o any_o thing_n and_o therefore_o be_v our_o magistrate_n supply_v abundant_o with_o mule_n pavilion_n and_o all_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o require_v they_o from_o our_o associate_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o sometime_o so_o fall_v out_o subjection_n the_o weak_a associate_n sometime_o reduce_v unto_o subjection_n that_o if_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v much_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederate_n he_o may_v by_o degree_n at_o length_n usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o they_o especial_o if_o the_o league_n be_v perpetual_a and_o that_o he_o have_v thereby_o a_o right_a to_o place_v garrison_n in_o any_o of_o their_o strong_a town_n as_o the_o athenian_n sometime_o do_v when_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v appeal_v unto_o from_o their_o associate_n 34._o hal._n l._n 6._o livy_n l._n 34._o which_o by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v never_o do_v wherefore_o isocrates_n equal_v the_o government_n that_o the_o athenian_n exercise_v in_o those_o day_n over_o their_o associate_n with_o that_o of_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n so_o the_o latin_n in_o livy_n complain_v against_o the_o roman_n that_o under_o the_o specious_a title_n of_o be_v associate_n in_o war_n they_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o mere_a subjection_n which_o society_n in_o arm_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aratus_n call_v a_o gentle_a slavery_n 4._o hist_o 4._o so_o festus_n rufus_n in_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o rhodian_o at_o first_o they_o live_v in_o great_a freedom_n till_o afterward_o the_o roman_n gentle_o urge_v they_o they_o be_v bring_v by_o little_a and_o little_a into_o a_o habit_n of_o subjection_n so_o the_o aetolian_n likewise_o complain_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o leave_v they_o but_o the_o bare_a shadow_n and_o empty_a name_n of_o liberty_n so_o likewise_o afterward_o the_o achaian_n complain_n that_o they_o have_v indeed_o a_o league_n in_o appearance_n but_o be_v at_o length_n bring_v into_o a_o precarious_a servitude_n the_o like_a complaint_n civilis_fw-la batavus_fw-la in_o tacitus_n make_v against_o the_o same_o roman_n that_o they_o use_v they_o not_o as_o former_o like_o companion_n but_o usurp_v and_o insult_v over_o they_o as_o mere_a slave_n and_o in_o another_o place_n they_o false_o call_v that_o peace_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o a_o miserable_a slavery_n thus_o eumenes_n also_o in_o livy_n concern_v the_o confederate_n of_o the_o rhodian_o that_o they_o be_v their_o associate_n in_o name_n but_o their_o vassal_n indeed_o thus_o also_o magnetes_n in_o polybius_n say_v that_o demetrias_n be_v in_o show_n free_a but_o in_o effect_v all_o thing_n be_v do_v there_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o thessalian_n likewise_o be_v in_o appearance_n free_a but_o indeed_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o macedonian_n as_o the_o same_o polybius_n testify_v now_o when_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o so_o do_v as_o by_o patient_a endurance_n they_o may_v by_o mistake_n be_v say_v to_o be_v right_o do_v whereof_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o discourse_v more_o full_o then_o either_o of_o companion_n they_o be_v make_v subject_n or_o certain_o there_o must_v be_v a_o partition_n of_o the_o supremacy_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o may_v sometime_o happen_v xxii_o of_o such_o as_o pay_v tribute_n they_o that_o pay_v any_o thing_n either_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o wrong_n past_a or_o to_o be_v protect_v against_o injury_n to_o come_v be_v by_o thucydides_n call_v tributary_n associate_n such_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o of_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n after_o the_o time_n of_o m._n anthony_n free_a though_o under_o a_o certain_a tribute_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o they_o that_o reign_v so_o have_v supreme_a power_n within_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o have_v a_o full_a right_a to_o punish_v delinquent_n according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o m._n anthony_n defend_v king_n herod_n be_v accuse_v for_o murder_a aristobulus_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o right_a to_o call_v a_o king_n to_o a_o account_n for_o what_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n for_o if_o so_o he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n for_o common_a equity_n require_v that_o they_o that_o give_v he_o that_o honour_n shall_v permit_v he_o the_o free_a use_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v appendent_a unto_o it_o so_o
chrysostom_n when_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o jew_n begin_v to_o decline_v and_o they_o make_v tributary_n to_o the_o roman_n they_o neither_o enjoy_v that_o full_a liberty_n which_o they_o do_v former_o nor_o be_v they_o in_o that_o pure_a subjection_n as_o now_o they_o be_v but_o be_v indeed_o honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o associate_n yet_o they_o pay_v tribute_n to_o their_o king_n and_o receive_v governor_n from_o they_o moreover_o they_o have_v the_o free_a use_n of_o their_o own_o law_n so_o that_o if_o any_o of_o their_o countryman_n offend_v they_o themselves_o punish_v they_o by_o their_o own_o law_n and_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o even_o this_o very_a acknowledgement_n of_o their_o own_o weakness_n and_o insufficiency_n do_v somewhat_o abate_v and_o detract_v from_o the_o majesty_n of_o their_o empire_n xxiii_o of_o such_o as_o hold_v their_o dominion_n in_o feud_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o some_o to_o be_v more_o difficult_o to_o be_v answer_v be_v when_o one_o prince_n hold_v his_o dominion_n from_o another_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o fief_n which_o yet_o may_v be_v sufficient_o answer_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o for_o in_o this_o contract_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o german_a nation_n and_o no_o where_o find_v but_o where_o they_o have_v plant_v themselves_o two_o thing_n be_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v 1._o the_o personal_a obligation_n 2._o the_o right_n in_o the_o thing_n so_o hold_v the_o personal_a obligation_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o a_o man_n possess_v the_o very_a right_n of_o sovereignty_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o though_o lie_v elsewhere_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o fief_n but_o such_o a_o obligation_n as_o it_o take_v not_o from_o a_o private_a man_n the_o right_n of_o personal_a liberty_n so_o neither_o do_v it_o diminish_v any_o thing_n in_o a_o king_n or_o state_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n which_o be_v civil_a liberty_n which_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o those_o land_n which_o be_v call_v freehold_n which_o consist_v in_o personal_a obligation_n only_o but_o give_v no_o right_a in_o the_o thing_n so_o hold_v for_o these_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o species_n of_o that_o unequal_a league_n whereof_o we_o have_v discourse_v before_o wherein_o the_o one_o promise_v fealty_n and_o the_o other_o safeguard_n or_o protection_n but_o admit_v they_o do_v swear_v faith_n and_o allegiance_n against_o all_o man_n yet_o will_v this_o detract_v nothing_o from_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o their_o own_o subject_n not_o at_o all_o in_o this_o place_n to_o mention_v that_o there_o be_v ever_o reserve_v in_o these_o oath_n a_o tacit_a condition_n that_o the_o war_n be_v just_a whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v elsewhere_o but_o as_o to_o the_o right_n in_o the_o thihg_n so_o hold_v it_o may_v be_v such_o that_o the_o very_o right_o of_o govern_v if_o hold_v in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o fief_n or_o fee_n may_v be_v lose_v and_o so_o return_v unto_o he_o that_o give_v it_o as_o well_o in_o case_n the_o family_n be_v extinct_a as_o also_o for_o some_o notorious_a crime_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v the_o supreme_a power_n for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o be_v another_o and_o by_o this_o right_n i_o find_v many_o king_n constitute_v by_o the_o roman_n so_o that_o the_o royal_a family_n fail_v the_o empire_n do_v escheat_n unto_o themselves_o as_o strabo_n observe_v of_o paphligonia_n and_o some_o other_o 12._o lib._n 12._o xxiv_o a_o man_n right_o distinguish_v from_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o right_n last_o we_o must_v also_o distinguish_v as_o in_o private_a dominion_n so_o in_o empire_n between_o the_o right_n itself_o and_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o right_n or_o between_o the_o first_o act_n and_o the_o second_o for_o as_o a_o king_n though_o a_o infant_n have_v a_o right_a to_o govern_v but_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o exercise_v that_o right_n so_o he_o that_o be_v mad_a or_o a_o prisoner_n or_o that_o so_o live_v in_o a_o foreign_a country_n that_o he_o be_v not_o permit_v free_o to_o act_v in_o such_o matter_n as_o concern_v the_o good_a of_o that_o empire_n that_o be_v remote_a from_o he_o 3._o vide_fw-la bo._n 3._o ch_n 20._o §._o 3._o for_o in_o all_o such_o case_n they_o have_v their_o lieutenant_n or_o viceroy_n to_o act_v for_o they_o wherefore_o demetrius_n live_v under_o restraint_n with_o seleucus_n do_v forbid_v any_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o his_o letter_n or_o unto_o his_o seal_n demetr_v plut._n demetr_v but_o command_v that_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v so_o govern_v as_o if_o he_o be_v dead_a chap._n iu._n of_o a_o war_n make_v by_o subject_n against_o their_o superior_n i._o the_o question_n state_v ii_o war_n against_o superior_n as_o such_o ordinary_o unlawful_a this_o prove_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n iii_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n iv_o by_o the_o gospel_n law_n prove_v by_o scripture_n v._o by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n vi_o for_o inferior_a magistrate_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o supreme_a unlawful_a prove_v by_o reason_n and_o scripture_n vii_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o a_o case_n of_o extreme_a and_o inevitable_a necessity_n viii_o that_o a_o free_a people_n may_v make_v war_n against_o their_o prince_n if_o he_o be_v accountable_a unto_o they_o ix_o and_o against_o a_o king_n who_o have_v renounce_v his_o kingdom_n x._o or_o who_o be_v about_o to_o alienate_v it_o as_o to_o the_o delivery_n of_o it_o only_o xi_o or_o if_o a_o king_n do_v manifest_o carry_v himself_o as_o a_o profess_a enemy_n against_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o his_o people_n xii_o or_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o kingdom_n by_o a_o wilful_a breach_n of_o that_o condition_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v admit_v unto_o the_o empire_n xiii_o or_o if_o have_v but_o one_o part_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n he_o shall_v invade_v the_o other_o fourteen_o or_o if_o any_o such_o liberty_n of_o resistance_n be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n reserve_v unto_o the_o people_n at_o his_o admission_n xv._o how_o far_o forth_o obedience_n be_v due_a to_o he_o that_o usurp_v another_o man_n dominion_n xvi_o a_o usurper_n may_v be_v kill_v the_o war_n continue_v if_o no_o faith_n nor_o agreement_n be_v give_v or_o make_v to_o the_o contrary_n xvii_o or_o if_o licence_n be_v give_v by_o a_o antecedent_n law_n xviii_o or_o by_o warrant_n from_o he_o who_o have_v right_o to_o the_o empire_n xix_o why_o a_o usurper_n be_v not_o to_o be_v kill_v but_o in_o these_o case_n xx._n in_o a_o controvert_v right_o private_a man_n be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_n i._o the_o question_n state_v private_a man_n may_v without_o doubt_n make_v war_n against_o private_a man_n as_o the_o traveller_n against_o the_o thief_n or_o robber_n so_o may_v sovereign_a prince_n and_o state_n against_o sovereign_a prince_n as_o david_n against_o the_o king_n of_o the_o ammonite_n private_n man_n may_v make_v war_n against_o prince_n if_o not_o their_o own_o as_o abraham_n against_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n and_o his_o neighbour_n so_o may_v sovereign_a prince_n against_o private_a man_n whether_o they_o be_v their_o own_o subject_n as_o david_n against_o ishbosheth_n and_o his_o party_n or_o stranger_n as_o the_o roman_n against_o pirate_n the_o only_a doubt_n be_v whether_o any_o person_n or_o person_n public_a or_o private_a can_v make_v a_o lawful_a war_n against_o those_o that_o be_v set_v over_o they_o whether_o as_o supreme_a or_o as_o subordinate_a unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v on_o all_o hand_n grant_v that_o they_o that_o be_v commissionated_a by_o the_o high_a power_n may_v make_v war_n against_o their_o inferior_n as_o nehemiah_n do_v against_o tobia_n and_o sanballat_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o artaxerxes_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o subject_n to_o make_v war_n against_o those_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n over_o they_o or_o against_o such_o as_o act_v by_o and_o according_a to_o their_o authority_n be_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n it_o be_v also_o by_o all_o good_a man_n acknowledge_v that_o if_o the_o command_v of_o a_o prince_n shall_v manifest_o contradict_v either_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o divine_a precept_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v for_o the_o apostle_n when_o they_o urge_v that_o maxim_n deo_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la hominibus_fw-la obediendum_fw-la that_o god_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v obey_v than_o man_n 4._o act._n 4._o unto_o such_o as_o forbid_v they_o to_o preach_v in_o the_o name_n of_o jesus_n do_v but_o appeal_v to_o a_o principle_n of_o right_a reason_n which_o nature_n have_v insculpt_v in_o every_o man_n breast_n and_o which_o plato_n express_v in_o almost_o
the_o very_a same_o word_n but_o yet_o if_o either_o for_o this_o or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n any_o injury_n be_v offer_v unto_o we_o because_o it_o so_o please_v he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n it_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v patient_o tolerate_v than_o by_o force_n resist_v for_o although_o we_o do_v not_o owe_v a_o active_a obedience_n to_o such_o command_n of_o prince_n yet_o we_o do_v owe_v a_o passive_a though_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o of_o nature_n to_o fulfil_v the_o will_n of_o the_o great_a monarch_n yet_o ought_v we_o rather_o patient_o to_o submit_v to_o whatsoever_o he_o shall_v inflict_v upon_o we_o for_o not_o obey_v than_o by_o resistance_n to_o violate_v our_o country_n peace_n the_o best_a and_o safe_a course_n we_o can_v steer_v in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v either_o by_o flight_n to_o preserve_v ourselves_o or_o resolve_o to_o undergo_v whatsoever_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o we_o ii_o war_n against_o superior_n as_o such_o unlawful_a and_o natural_o all_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o repel_v injury_n from_o themselves_o by_o resist_v they_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v but_o civil_a society_n be_v once_o institute_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n there_o present_o succeed_v unto_o that_o commonwealth_n a_o certain_a great_a right_o over_o we_o and_o we_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o that_o end_n and_o therefore_o that_o promiscuous_a right_n that_o nature_n give_v we_o to_o resist_v the_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o good_a order_n and_o the_o public_a peace_n have_v a_o right_a to_o prohibit_v which_o without_o all_o doubt_n it_o do_v see_v that_o otherwise_o it_o can_v obtain_v the_o end_n it_o propose_v to_o itself_o for_o in_o case_n that_o promiscuous_a right_n of_o forceable_a resistance_n shall_v be_v tolerate_v it_o will_v be_v no_o long_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n against_o oppression_n but_o a_o confuse_a rabble_n such_o as_o that_o of_o the_o cyclops_n whereof_o the_o poet_n thus_o where_o every_o ass_n may_v on_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n judgement_n pass_v a_o dissolute_a company_n where_o all_o be_v speaker_n and_o no_o hearer_n like_a unto_o that_o which_o valerius_n record_v of_o the_o bebricii_fw-la who_o all_o league_n and_o law_n disdain_v and_o justice_n which_o man_n mind_n in_o peace_n retain_v sallust_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o wild_a and_o savage_a people_n live_v like_o beast_n in_o wood_n and_o mountain_n without_o law_n and_o without_o government_n who_o he_o call_v aborigines_n and_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o getuli_n who_o have_v neither_o law_n good_a custom_n nor_o any_o prince_n to_o govern_v they_o but_o city_n can_v subsist_v without_o these_o generale_fw-mi pactum_fw-la est_fw-la societatis_fw-la humanae_fw-la regibus_fw-la obedire_fw-la all_o humane_a society_n say_v st._n augustine_n unanimous_o agree_v in_o this_o to_o obey_v king_n so_o aeschylus_n king_n live_v by_o their_o own_o law_n subject_n to_o none_o and_o sophocles_n they_o prince_n be_v obey_v we_o must_v what_o not_o to_o the_o same_o tune_n sing_v euripides_n folly_n in_o king_n must_v be_v with_o patience_n bear_v whereunto_o agree_v that_o of_o tacitus_n principi_fw-la summum_fw-la rerum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la dii_fw-la dederunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n subditis_fw-la obsequii_fw-la gloria_fw-la relicta_fw-la est_fw-la god_n have_v invest_v a_o prince_n with_o sovereign_a power_n leave_v nothing_o to_o subject_n but_o the_o glory_n of_o obedience_n and_o here_o also_o sen._n sen._n thing_n base_a seem_v noble_a when_o by_o prince_n do_v what_o they_o impose_v bear_v thou_o be_v it_o right_a or_o wrong_n wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o sallust_n impunè_fw-la quid_fw-la vis_fw-la facere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la regem_fw-la esse_fw-la to_o do_v anything_o without_o fear_n of_o punishment_n be_v peculiar_a to_o king_n for_o as_o mark_n anthony_n urge_v in_o herod_n case_n if_o he_o be_v accountable_a for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v as_o a_o king_n he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o majesty_n of_o such_o as_o have_v sovereign_a power_n whether_o in_o one_o or_o more_o be_v sence_v with_o so_o many_o and_o so_o severe_a law_n and_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o subject_n restrain_v with_o such_o sharp_a and_o exquisite_a torment_n which_o be_v unreasonable_a if_o to_o resist_v they_o be_v lawful_a if_o a_o soldier_n resist_v his_o captain_n that_o strike_v he_o again_o a_o officer_n strike_v must_v not_o be_v strike_v again_o and_o but_o lie_v hold_v on_o his_o partisan_n he_o shall_v be_v cashier_v but_o if_o he_o either_o break_v it_o or_o offer_v to_o strike_v again_o he_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o as_o aristotle_n observe_v if_o he_o that_o be_v a_o officer_n strike_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v strike_v again_o iii_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o make_v war_n against_o our_o superior_n prove_v by_o the_o jewish_a law_n by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n he_o that_o behave_v himself_o contumacious_o against_o either_o the_o highpriest_n or_o against_o he_o who_o be_v extraordinary_o by_o god_n ordain_v to_o govern_v his_o people_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o that_o which_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o samuel_n be_v speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o king_n to_o he_o that_o thorough_o inspect_v it_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o their_o true_a and_o just_a right_n that_o be_v of_o what_o they_o may_v do_v just_o and_o honest_o for_o the_o duty_n of_o king_n be_v much_o otherwise_o describe_v deut._n 8.11_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v bare_o of_o what_o he_o will_v do_v for_o than_o it_o have_v signify_v nothing_o that_o be_v singular_a or_o extraordinary_a 17.14_o jos_n 1.18_o 1_o sam._n 8.11_o deut._n 17.14_o for_o private_a man_n do_v the_o same_o to_o private_a man_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o usurp_v or_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o privilege_n of_o what_o be_v right_a that_o be_v that_o it_o must_v not_o be_v resist_v although_o it_o be_v not_o right_a for_o king_n have_v a_o right_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o what_o in_o other_o be_v punishable_a in_o they_o be_v not_o that_o old_a say_v summum_fw-la jus_o summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la extreme_a right_n be_v extreme_a wrong_n be_v best_a fit_v to_o the_o case_n of_o king_n who_o absolute_a power_n makâ—s_v that_o seem_v right_a which_o strict_o take_v be_v not_o so_o there_o be_v a_o main_a difference_n between_o right_a in_o this_o sense_n take_v just_a right_o difference_v from_o just_a and_o just_o for_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o comprehend_v whatsoever_o may_v be_v do_v without_o fear_n of_o punishment_n but_o just_o respect_v only_a thing_n lawful_a and_o honest_a and_o though_o some_o king_n there_o be_v who_o be_v what_o servius_n in_o cicero_n philippic_n be_v command_v to_o be_v magis_fw-la justitiae_fw-la quam_fw-la juris_fw-la consulti_fw-la more_o regardful_a of_o their_o honour_n and_o duty_n than_o of_o their_o power_n and_o prerogative_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o diminish_v their_o sovereign_a right_n because_o if_o they_o will_v they_o may_v do_v otherwise_o without_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v resist_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v add_v in_o that_o place_n of_o samuel_n before_o cite_v that_o when_o the_o people_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n be_v thus_o oppress_v by_o their_o king_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n to_o be_v expect_v from_o man_n they_o shall_v invoke_v his_o help_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o a_o king_n do_v though_o the_o same_o do_v by_o a_o inferior_a person_n will_v be_v a_o injury_n yet_o be_v do_v by_o he_o be_v right_o as_o a_o judge_n be_v say_v jus_fw-la reddere_fw-la to_o do_v right_a though_o the_o sentence_n he_o give_v be_v unrighteous_a iv_o by_o the_o gospel_n law_n when_o christ_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n command_v to_o give_v caesar_n his_o due_a doubtless_o he_o intend_v that_o his_o disciple_n shall_v yield_v as_o great_a if_o not_o a_o great_a obedience_n as_o well_o active_a as_o passive_a unto_o the_o high_a power_n than_o what_o be_v due_a from_o the_o jew_n to_o their_o king_n which_o st._n paul_n who_o be_v best_o able_a to_o interpret_v his_o master_n word_n expound_v rom._n 13._o do_v at_o large_a describe_v the_o duty_n of_o subject_n 13.2_o rom._n 13.2_o charge_v those_o that_o resist_v the_o power_n of_o king_n with_o no_o less_o crime_n than_o rebellion_n against_o god_n ordinance_n and_o with_o a_o judgement_n as_o great_a as_o their_o sin_n for_o say_v he_o they_o that_o do_v so_o resist_v shall_v receive_v unto_o themselves_o damnation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o our_o subjection_n not_o altogether_o for_o fear_n but_o for_o conscience_n as_o know_v that_o he_o
be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n for_o our_o good_a now_o if_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o our_o subjection_n than_o there_o be_v the_o same_o necessity_n for_o our_o not_o resist_v because_o he_o that_o resist_v be_v not_o subject_a neither_o do_v the_o apostle_n mean_v such_o a_o necessity_n of_o subjection_n as_o arise_v from_o a_o apprehension_n of_o some_o worse_a inconvenience_n that_o may_v follow_v upon_o our_o resistance_n but_o such_o as_o proceed_v from_o the_o sense_n of_o some_o benefit_n that_o we_o receive_v by_o it_o whereby_o we_o stand_v oblige_v in_o duty_n not_o unto_o man_n only_o but_o unto_o god_n so_o that_o he_o that_o resist_v the_o power_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n incur_v a_o double_a punishment_n say_v plato_n first_o from_o god_n for_o break_v that_o good_a order_n which_o he_o have_v constitute_v among_o man_n and_o second_o from_o the_o commonwealth_n who_o righteous_a law_n make_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n be_v by_o resistance_n weaken_v and_o the_o commonwealth_n thereby_o endanger_v for_o can_v thou_o believe_v say_v plato_n that_o any_o city_n or_o kingdom_n can_v long_o stand_v when_o the_o public_a decree_n of_o the_o senate_n shall_v be_v wilful_o break_v and_o trample_v upon_o by_o the_o overswell_a power_n of_o some_o private_a man_n who_o in_o struggle_v against_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n do_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v dissolve_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o consequent_o bring_v all_o into_o confusion_n the_o apostle_n therefore_o fortify_v this_o necessity_n of_o public_a subjection_n to_o prince_n with_o two_o main_a reason_n first_o because_o god_n have_v constitute_v and_o approve_v of_o this_o order_n of_o command_v and_o obey_v and_o that_o not_o only_o under_o the_o jewish_a but_o under_o the_o christian_a law_n wherefore_o the_o power_n that_o be_v set_v over_o we_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v not_o servile_o superstitious_o or_o out_o of_o fear_n but_o with_o free_a rational_a and_o generous_a spirit_n tanquam_fw-la à _fw-la diis_fw-la datae_fw-la as_o be_v give_v by_o the_o god_n say_v plato_n or_o as_o st._n paul_n tanquam_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la ordinatae_fw-la as_o if_o ordain_v by_o god_n himself_o which_o order_n as_o it_o be_v original_o god_n so_o by_o give_v it_o a_o civil_a sanction_n it_o become_v we_o also_o for_o thereby_o we_o add_v as_o much_o authority_n unto_o it_o as_o we_o can_v give_v the_o other_o reason_n be_v draw_v ab_fw-la utili_fw-la from_o profit_n because_o this_o order_n be_v constitute_v for_o our_o good_a and_o therefore_o in_o conscience_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v and_o not_o resist_v but_o here_o some_o man_n may_v say_v that_o to_o bear_v injury_n be_v not_o at_o all_o profitable_a unto_o we_o whereunto_o some_o man_n haply_o more_o true_o than_o apposite_o to_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o apostle_n give_v this_o answer_n that_o patient_o to_o bear_v injury_n conduce_v much_o to_o our_o benefit_n because_o it_o entitle_v we_o to_o a_o reward_n far_o transcend_v our_o suffering_n as_o st._n paul_n testify_v but_o though_o this_o also_o be_v true_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o as_o i_o conceive_v the_o proper_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o apostle_n word_n which_o doubtless_o have_v respect_n to_o that_o universal_a good_a whereunto_o this_o order_n be_v at_o first_o institute_v as_o to_o its_o proper_a end_n which_o be_v the_o public_a peace_n wherein_o every_o particular_a man_n be_v as_o much_o concern_v if_o not_o much_o more_o than_o in_o his_o private_a for_o what_o protection_n can_v good_a law_n give_v if_o subject_n may_v refuse_v to_o yield_v their_o obedience_n to_o they_o whereas_o by_o the_o constant_a observance_n of_o good_a law_n all_o estate_n both_o public_a and_o private_a do_v grow_v up_o and_o flourish_v together_o plato_n plato_n and_o certain_o these_o be_v the_o good_a fruit_n that_o we_o receive_v from_o the_o supreme_a power_n for_o which_o in_o conscience_n we_o owe_v they_o obedience_n for_o no_o man_n do_v ever_o yet_o wish_v ill_a to_o himself_o but_o he_o that_o resist_v the_o power_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o wilful_o violate_v the_o law_n establish_v do_v in_o effect_n as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o be_v dissolve_v his_o country_n peace_n plato_n plato_n and_o will_v in_o the_o end_n bury_v himself_o also_o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o beside_o the_o glory_n of_o king_n consist_v in_o the_o prosperity_n of_o their_o subject_n when_o sylla_n have_v by_o his_o cruelty_n almost_o depopulate_v 28._o plut._n florus_n aug._n the_o civ_o dei_fw-la lib._n 3._o c._n 28._o not_o rome_n only_o but_o all_o italy_n one_o seasonable_o admonish_v he_o sinendos_fw-la esse_fw-la aliquos_fw-la vivere_fw-la ut_fw-la essent_fw-la quibus_fw-la imperet_fw-la that_o some_o shall_v be_v permit_v to_o live_v over_o who_o he_o may_v rule_v as_o a_o king_n it_o be_v a_o common_a proverb_n among_o the_o hebrew_n nisi_fw-la potestas_fw-la publica_fw-la esset_fw-la alter_fw-la alterum_fw-la vivum_fw-la deglutiret_fw-la be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o sovereign_a power_n every_o kingdom_n will_v be_v like_o a_o great_a pond_n wherein_o the_o great_a fish_n will_v always_o devour_v the_o lesser_a agreeable_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o chrysostome_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o power_n over_o we_o to_o restrain_v our_o inordinate_a lust_n man_n will_v be_v more_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a than_o lion_n and_o tiger_n not_o only_a bite_n but_o eat_v and_o devour_v one_o another_o take_v away_o tribunal_n of_o justice_n and_o you_o take_v away_o all_o right_n property_n and_o dominion_n no_o man_n can_v say_v this_o be_v my_o house_n this_o my_o land_n these_o my_o good_n or_o my_o servant_n 5._o chrys_n de_fw-fr statuis_fw-la 6._o ad_fw-la eph._n 5._o but_o omnia_fw-la erunt_fw-la fortiorum_fw-la the_o long_a sword_n will_v take_v all_o the_o mighty_a man_n can_v be_v no_o long_o secure_v of_o his_o estate_n than_o until_o a_o mighty_a than_o he_o come_v to_o dispossess_v he_o the_o weak_a must_n always_o give_v place_n to_o the_o strong_a and_o where_o the_o strength_n be_v equal_a the_o loss_n will_v be_v so_o too_o and_o this_o will_v at_o length_n introduce_v a_o general_a ataxy_n which_o will_v be_v far_o more_o perilous_a than_o a_o perfect_a slavery_n wherefore_o see_v that_o god_n have_v establish_v and_o humane_a reason_n upon_o trial_n approve_v of_o sovereign_a empire_n as_o the_o best_a preservative_n of_o humane_a society_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v yield_v obedience_n thereunto_o be_v most_o rational_a for_o without_o subjection_n there_o can_v be_v no_o protection_n but_o here_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o the_o command_n of_o prince_n do_v not_o always_o tend_v to_o the_o public_a good_a object_n and_o therefore_o when_o they_o decline_v from_o that_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v ordain_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o though_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n do_v sometime_o either_o through_o fear_n anger_n lust_n covetousness_n or_o such_o like_a inordinate_a passion_n balk_v the_o ordinary_a path_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n yet_o be_v these_o happen_v but_o seldom_o to_o be_v pass_v over_o as_o personal_a blemish_n which_o as_o tacitus_n right_o observe_v be_v abundant_o recompense_v by_o the_o more_o frequent_a example_n of_o better_a prince_n beside_o the_o life_n of_o prince_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v with_o some_o grain_n of_o allowance_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o many_o provocation_n and_o opportunity_n they_o have_v to_o offend_v which_o private_a man_n have_v not_o all_o man_n have_v their_o fail_n we_o ourselves_o have_v we_o and_o in_o case_n we_o will_v admit_v of_o none_o in_o king_n we_o must_v not_o rank_v they_o among_o man_n favour_n king_n to_o be_v censure_v with_o some_o favour_n but_o go_n the_o moon_n have_v her_o spot_n venus_n her_o mole_n and_o if_o we_o can_v find_v nothing_o under_o the_o sun_n without_o blemish_n why_o shall_v we_o expect_v perfection_n in_o king_n he_o be_v very_o uncharitable_a that_o judge_n of_o ruler_n by_o some_o few_o of_o their_o evil_a deed_n pass_v over_o many_o of_o their_o good_a one_o see_v therefore_o that_o there_o be_v in_o all_o man_n life_n as_o in_o our_o best_a coin_n a_o intermixture_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o denominate_v a_o prince_n good_a if_o his_o virtue_n excel_v his_o error_n beside_o to_o charge_v the_o vice_n of_o prince_n upon_o the_o government_n as_o they_o usual_o do_v who_o affect_v innovation_n be_v but_o a_o cheat_n for_o what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o condemn_v the_o law_n for_o the_o corruption_n of_o some_o lawyer_n or_o agriculture_n because_o some_o husbandman_n do_v curse_n god_n for_o a_o storm_n si_fw-mi mentiar_fw-la ego_fw-la mentior_fw-la non_fw-la negotium_fw-la if_o i_o do_v lie_n say_v the_o merchant_n in_o st._n augustine_n it_o be_v i_o that_o be_o to_o be_v blame_v not_o
supreme_a seem_v to_o introduce_v such_o a_o state_n of_o thing_n as_o the_o poet_n fancy_v to_o have_v be_v in_o heaven_n before_o majesty_n be_v think_v on_o when_o the_o lesser_a god_n deny_v the_o prerogative_n of_o jupiter_n but_o this_o order_n or_o subordination_n of_o one_o to_o another_o be_v not_o only_o approve_v of_o by_o common_a experience_n as_o in_o every_o family_n the_o father_n be_v the_o head_n next_o unto_o he_o the_o mother_n than_o the_o child_n and_o after_o they_o the_o servant_n and_o such_o as_o be_v under_o they_o so_o in_o every_o kingdom_n each_o power_n under_o high_a power_n be_v and_o all_o governor_n be_v under_o government_n to_o which_o purpose_n be_v that_o notable_a say_n of_o st._n augustine_n resistit_fw-la grat._n c._n 11._o â—_o 3._o qui_fw-la resistit_fw-la observe_v say_v he_o the_o degree_n of_o all_o humane_a thing_n if_o thy_o tutor_n enjoin_v thou_o any_o thing_n thou_o must_v do_v it_o yet_o not_o in_o case_n the_o proconsul_n command_v the_o contrary_a neither_o must_v thou_o obey_v the_o consul_n if_o thy_o prince_n command_v otherwise_o for_o in_o so_o do_v thou_o can_v not_o be_v say_v to_o contemn_v authority_n but_o thou_o choose_v to_o obey_v that_o which_o be_v high_a neither_o aught_o the_o lesser_a power_n to_o be_v offend_v that_o the_o great_a be_v prefer_v before_o they_o for_o god_n be_v the_o god_n of_o order_n and_o that_o also_o of_o the_o same_o father_n concern_v pilate_n johan_n ad_fw-la johan_n because_o say_v he_o god_n have_v invest_v he_o with_o such_o a_o power_n as_o be_v itself_o subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o caesar_n '_o s._n but_o it_o be_v also_o approve_a of_o by_o divine_a authority_n 2.1_o 1_o ep._n 2.1_o for_o st._n peter_n enjoin_v we_o to_o be_v subject_a unto_o king_n otherwise_o than_o unto_o magistrate_n to_o king_n as_o supreme_a that_o be_v absolute_o without_o exception_n to_o any_o other_o command_n than_o those_o direct_o from_o god_n who_o be_v so_o far_o from_o justify_v our_o resistance_n that_o he_o command_v our_o passive_a obedience_n but_o unto_o magistrate_n as_o they_o be_v depute_v by_o king_n and_o as_o they_o derive_v their_o authority_n from_o they_o 13._o rom._n 13._o and_o when_o st._n paul_n subject_n every_o soul_n to_o the_o high_a power_n doubtless_o he_o exempt_v not_o inferior_a magistrate_n neither_o do_v we_o find_v among_o the_o hebrew_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o king_n utter_o regardless_o of_o the_o law_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n any_o inferior_a magistrate_n among_o who_o some_o without_o all_o question_n there_o be_v both_o pious_a and_o valiant_a that_o ever_o arrogate_a unto_o themselves_o this_o right_n of_o resist_v by_o force_n the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n without_o a_o express_a command_n from_o god_n who_o alone_o have_v a_o unlimited_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a what_o duty_n inferior_a magistrate_n owe_v unto_o their_o king_n though_o wicked_a samuel_n will_v instruct_v we_o by_o his_o own_o example_n who_o though_o he_o know_v that_o saul_n have_v corrupt_v himself_o 3â—_n 1_o sam._n 15_o 3â—_n and_o that_o god_n also_o have_v reject_v he_o from_o be_v king_n yet_o before_o the_o people_n and_o before_o the_o elder_n of_o israel_n he_o give_v he_o that_o reverence_n and_o respect_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o he_o and_o so_o likewise_o the_o state_n of_o religion_n public_o profess_v do_v never_o depend_v upon_o any_o other_o humane_a authority_n but_o on_o that_o of_o the_o king_n and_o sanhedrim_n for_o in_o that_o after_o the_o king_n the_o magistrate_n with_o the_o people_n engage_v themselves_o to_o the_o true_a worship_n and_o service_n of_o god_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o nay_o the_o very_a image_n of_o their_o false_a god_n which_o be_v public_o erect_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o but_o be_v scandalous_a to_o such_o as_o be_v true_o religious_a yet_o be_v they_o never_o demolish_v so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v read_v of_o but_o at_o the_o special_a command_n either_o of_o the_o people_n when_o the_o government_n be_v popular_a or_o of_o king_n when_o the_o government_n be_v kingly_a and_o if_o the_o scripture_n do_v make_v mention_n of_o any_o violence_n sometime_o offer_v unto_o king_n it_o be_v not_o to_o justify_v the_o fact_n but_o to_o show_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o divine_a providence_n in_o permit_v it_o and_o whereas_o they_o of_o the_o contrary_a persuasion_n do_v frequent_o urge_v that_o excellent_a say_n of_o trajan_n the_o emperor_n who_o deliver_v a_o sword_n to_o a_o captain_n of_o the_o praetorian_a band_n say_v hoc_fw-la pro_fw-la i_o vtere_fw-la si_fw-la rectè_fw-la impero_fw-la si_fw-la malè_fw-la contra_fw-la me_fw-it use_v this_o sword_n for_o i_o if_o i_o govern_v well_o but_o if_o otherwise_o against_o i_o we_o must_v know_v that_o trajan_n as_o appear_v by_o pliny_n panegyric_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o assume_v unto_o himself_o regal_a power_n but_o rather_o to_o behave_v himself_o as_o a_o good_a prince_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n who_o decree_n he_o will_v have_v that_o captain_n to_o execute_v though_o it_o be_v against_o himself_o who_o example_n both_o pertinax_n and_o macrinus_n do_v afterward_o follow_v who_o excellent_a speech_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v record_v by_o herodian_a the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o m._n anthony_n who_o refuse_v to_o touch_v the_o public_a treasure_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n vii_o of_o resistance_n in_o case_n of_o inevitable_a necessity_n but_o the_o case_n will_v yet_o be_v more_o difficult_a whether_o this_o law_n of_o not_o resist_v do_v oblige_v we_o when_o the_o danger_n that_o threaten_v we_o be_v extreme_a and_o otherwise_o inevitable_a for_o some_o of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n himself_o though_o they_o sound_v absolute_o yet_o seem_v to_o admit_v of_o some_o tacit_a exceptioâ—s_v in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n for_o so_o it_o be_v by_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o jewish_a doctor_n express_o determine_v concern_v the_o law_n of_o their_o sabbath_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o hasamonaean_n whence_o arise_v that_o famous_a say_n among_o they_o periculum_fw-la animae_fw-la impellit_fw-la sabbatum_fw-la the_o danger_n of_o a_o man_n life_n drive_v away_o the_o sabbath_n when_o the_o jew_n in_o synesius_n be_v accuse_v for_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o sabbath_n he_o excuse_v himself_o by_o another_o law_n and_o that_o more_o forcible_a say_v we_o be_v in_o manifest_a jeopardy_n of_o our_o life_n when_o bacchides_n have_v bring_v the_o army_n of_o the_o jew_n into_o a_o great_a strait_n on_o their_o sabbath_n day_n place_v his_o army_n before_o they_o and_o behind_o they_o the_o river_n jordan_n be_v on_o both_o side_n jonathan_n thus_o bespeak_v his_o soldier_n let_v we_o go_v up_o now_o and_o fight_v for_o our_o life_n for_o it_o stand_v not_o with_o we_o to_o day_n as_o in_o time_n past_a 45._o 1_o macc._n 9.43_o 44_o 45._o which_o case_n of_o necessity_n be_v approve_v of_o even_o by_o christ_n himself_o as_o well_o in_o this_o law_n of_o the_o sabbath_n as_o in_o that_o of_o not_o eat_v the_o shewbread_n and_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n pretend_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o ancient_a tradition_n do_v right_o interpret_v their_o law_n make_v against_o the_o eat_n of_o meat_n forbid_v with_o this_o tacit_a exception_n not_o that_o it_o be_v not_o just_a with_o god_n to_o have_v oblige_v we_o even_o unto_o death_n but_o that_o some_o law_n of_o his_o be_v conversant_a about_o such_o matter_n as_o it_o can_v easy_o be_v believe_v that_o they_o be_v intend_v to_o have_v be_v prosecute_v with_o so_o much_o rigour_n as_o to_o reduce_v we_o to_o such_o a_o extremity_n as_o to_o die_v rather_o than_o to_o disobey_v they_o which_o in_o humane_a law_n do_v yet_o further_o proceed_v i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o act_n of_o virtue_n be_v so_o strict_o enjoin_v that_o if_o we_o perform_v they_o not_o we_o may_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o for_o a_o sentinel_n to_o forsake_v his_o station_n but_o neither_o be_v this_o to_o be_v rash_o understand_v to_o be_v the_o will_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n nor_o do_v man_n assume_v so_o much_o right_o over_o either_o themselves_o or_o other_o unless_o it_o be_v when_o and_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o extreme_a necessity_n require_v it_o for_o all_o humane_a law_n be_v so_o constitute_v or_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v some_o allowance_n for_o humane_a frailty_n the_o right_a understanding_n of_o this_o law_n ☜_o ☜_o of_o resist_v or_o not_o resist_v the_o high_a power_n in_o case_n of_o inevitable_a necessity_n seem_v much_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o intention_n of_o
those_o who_o first_o enter_v into_o civil_a society_n from_o who_o the_o right_a of_o government_n be_v devolve_v upon_o the_o person_n govern_v who_o have_v they_o be_v demand_v ☜_o ☜_o whether_o they_o will_v have_v impose_v such_o a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o mankind_n as_o death_n itself_o rather_o than_o in_o any_o case_n by_o force_n to_o repel_v the_o insolence_n of_o their_o superior_n i_o much_o question_n whether_o they_o will_v have_v grant_v it_o unless_o it_o have_v heen_fw-mi in_o such_o a_o case_n where_o such_o resistance_n can_v not_o be_v make_v without_o great_a commotion_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o the_o certain_a destruction_n of_o many_o innocent_n for_o what_o charity_n commend_v in_o such_o a_o case_n to_o be_v do_v may_v i_o doubt_v not_o pass_v for_o a_o humane_a law_n but_o some_o may_v say_v that_o this_o rigid_a obligation_n to_o die_v rather_o than_o at_o any_o time_n to_o resist_v injury_n do_v by_o our_o superior_n be_v not_o impose_v on_o we_o by_o any_o humane_a but_o by_o the_o divine_a law_n but_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o man_n do_v not_o at_o first_o unite_v themselves_o in_o civil_a society_n by_o any_o special_a command_n from_o god_n but_o voluntary_o out_o of_o a_o sense_n they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o impotency_n to_o repel_v force_n and_o violence_n whilst_o they_o live_v solitary_o and_o in_o family_n apart_o whence_o the_o civil_a power_n take_v its_o rise_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o st._n peter_n call_v it_o a_o humane_a ordinance_n although_o it_o be_v elsewhere_o call_v a_o divine_a ordinance_n because_o this_o wholesome_a constitution_n of_o man_n be_v approve_v of_o by_o god_n himself_o but_o god_n in_o approve_v a_o humane_a law_n may_v be_v think_v to_o approve_v of_o it_o as_o a_o humane_a law_n 8._o barkley_n lib._n 3._o contra_fw-la monarchomach_n c._n 8._o and_o after_o a_o humane_a manner_n barkley_n who_o be_v the_o stout_a champion_n in_o defend_v kingly_a power_n do_v 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to_o defend_v themselves_o yet_o with_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o common_a good_a for_o david_n example_n david_n example_n who_o save_v in_o some_o particular_a fact_n be_v so_o celebrate_v for_o his_o integrity_n do_v yet_o entertain_v first_o four_o hundred_o and_o afterward_o more_o arm_a man_n to_o what_o end_n unless_o for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o his_o own_o person_n against_o any_o violence_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v he_o but_o this_o also_o we_o must_v note_v that_o david_n do_v not_o this_o until_o he_o have_v be_v assure_v both_o by_o jonathan_n and_o by_o many_o other_o infallible_a argument_n that_o saul_n seek_v his_o life_n and_o that_o even_o then_o he_o neither_o invade_v any_o city_n nor_o make_v a_o offensive_a war_n against_o any_o but_o lurk_v only_o for_o his_o own_o security_n sometime_o in_o mountain_n sometime_o in_o cave_n and_o such_o like_a devious_a place_n and_o sometime_o in_o foreign_a nation_n with_o this_o resolution_n to_o decline_v all_o 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that_o the_o maccabee_n do_v act_n by_o the_o people_n right_a to_o who_o belong_v the_o right_n of_o govern_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o law_n neither_o be_v this_o probable_a for_o the_o jew_n be_v first_o conquer_v by_o nebuchadonosor_n be_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n subject_a unto_o he_o and_o afterward_o become_v by_o the_o same_o law_n subject_a to_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n as_o successor_n to_o the_o chaldean_n who_o whole_a empire_n do_v at_o length_n devolve_v upon_o the_o macedonian_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o jew_n in_o tacitus_n be_v term_v the_o most_o servile_a of_o all_o the_o eastern_a nation_n neither_o do_v they_o require_v any_o covenant_n or_o condition_n from_o alexander_n or_o his_o successor_n but_o yield_v themselves_o free_o without_o any_o limitation_n or_o exception_n nation_n the_o jew_n a_o conquer_a nation_n as_o before_o they_o have_v do_v unto_o darius_n and_o though_o they_o be_v permit_v sometime_o to_o use_v their_o own_o rite_n and_o public_o to_o exercise_v their_o own_o law_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o due_a unto_o they_o by_o any_o law_n that_o be_v add_v unto_o the_o empire_n but_o only_o by_o a_o precarious_a right_n that_o be_v indulge_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o king_n there_o be_v nothing_o then_o that_o can_v justify_v the_o maccabee_n in_o their_o take_n of_o arm_n but_o that_o invincible_a law_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n which_o may_v do_v it_o so_o long_o as_o they_o contain_v themselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o self-preservation_n and_o in_o imitation_n of_o david_n betake_v themselves_o to_o secret_a place_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o security_n never_o offer_v to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o arm_n unless_o violent_o assault_v 26.9_o the_o king_n person_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o 1_o sam._n 26.9_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v that_o even_o when_o we_o be_v thus_o enforce_v to_o defend_v ourselves_o in_o case_n of_o certain_a and_o extreme_a danger_n we_o spare_v the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n for_o they_o that_o conceive_v the_o carriage_n of_o david_n towards_o saul_n to_o proceed_v not_o so_o much_o from_o the_o necessity_n of_o duty_n as_o out_o of_o some_o deep_a consideration_n be_v mistake_v for_o david_n himself_o declare_v that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v innocent_a that_o stretch_v forth_o his_o hand_n against_o the_o lord_n anoint_v because_o he_o very_o well_o know_v that_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o law_n 22.28_o exod._n 22.28_o thou_o shall_v not_o revile_v the_o god_n that_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n thou_o shall_v not_o curse_v the_o ruler_n of_o thy_o people_n in_o which_o law_n special_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o supreme_a power_n it_o evident_o show_v that_o some_o special_a duty_n towards_o they_o be_v require_v of_o we_o wherefore_o optatus_n milevitanus_fw-la speak_v of_o this_o fact_n of_o david_n 2._o lib._n 2._o say_v that_o god_n special_a command_n come_v fresh_a into_o his_o memory_n do_v so_o restrain_v he_o that_o he_o can_v not_o hurt_v saul_n though_o his_o mortal_a enemy_n wherefore_o he_o bring_v in_o david_n thus_o reason_v with_o himself_o volebam_fw-la hostem_fw-la vincere_fw-la sed_fw-la prius_fw-la est_fw-la divina_fw-la praecepta_fw-la observare_fw-la willing_o i_o will_v overcome_v my_o enemy_n but_o i_o dare_v not_o transgress_v the_o command_n of_o god_n and_o josephus_n speak_v of_o david_n after_o he_o have_v cut_v off_o saul_n garment_n say_v that_o his_o heart_n smite_v he_o so_o that_o he_o confess_v injustum_fw-la facinus_fw-la erat_fw-la regem_fw-la suum_fw-la occidere_fw-la it_o be_v a_o wicked_a act_n to_o kill_v his_o sovereign_n and_o present_o after_o horrendum_fw-la regem_fw-la quamvis_fw-la malum_fw-la occidere_fw-la poenam_fw-la enim_fw-la id_fw-la facienti_fw-la imminere_fw-la constat_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la qui_fw-la regem_fw-la dedit_fw-la it_o be_v a_o horrid_a act_n to_o kill_v a_o
king_n though_o wicked_a for_o certain_o he_o by_o who_o providence_n all_o king_n reign_n will_v pursue_v the_o regicide_n with_o vengeance_n inevitable_o to_o reproach_v any_o private_a man_n false_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n but_o of_o a_o king_n wicked_a king_n must_v not_o be_v revile_v much_o less_o kill_v though_o wicked_a we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a though_o he_o deserve_v it_o because_o as_o he_o that_o write_v the_o problem_n father_v upon_o aristotle_n say_v he_o that_o speak_v evil_a of_o the_o governor_n scandalize_v the_o whole_a city_n so_o joab_n conclude_v concern_v shimei_n as_o josephus_n testify_v shall_v thou_o not_o die_v who_o presume_v to_o curse_v he_o who_o god_n have_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o law_n say_v julian_n be_v very_o severe_a on_o the_o behalf_n of_o prince_n for_o he_o that_o be_v injurious_a unto_o they_o do_v wilful_o trample_v upon_o the_o law_n themselves_o misopogoris_fw-la misopogoris_fw-la now_o if_o we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a of_o king_n much_o less_o must_v we_o do_v evil_a against_o they_o david_n repent_v but_o for_o offer_v violence_n to_o saul_n garment_n so_o great_a be_v the_o reverence_n that_o he_o bear_v to_o his_o person_n and_o deserve_o for_o since_o their_o sovereign_a power_n can_v but_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o general_a hatred_n therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o their_o security_n shall_v especial_o be_v provide_v for_o this_o say_v quintilian_n be_v the_o fate_n of_o such_o as_o sit_v at_o the_o stern_a of_o government_n that_o they_o can_v discharge_v their_o duty_n faithful_o nor_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n without_o the_o envy_n of_o many_o king_n the_o law_n be_v severe_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o king_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n be_v the_o person_n of_o king_n guard_v with_o such_o severe_a law_n which_o seem_v like_o draco_n to_o be_v write_v in_o blood_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o enact_v by_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o tribune_n whereby_o their_o person_n become_v inviolable_a among_o other_o wise_a say_n of_o the_o esseni_n this_o be_v one_o that_o the_o person_n of_o king_n shall_v be_v hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o that_o of_o homer_n be_v as_o notable_a his_o chief_a care_n be_v for_o the_o king_n that_o nothing_o shall_v endanger_v he_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o as_o st._n chrysostom_n well_o observe_v if_o any_o man_n kill_v a_o sheep_n why_o 1_o tim._n 1._o and_o why_o he_o but_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o they_o but_o if_o he_o kill_v the_o shepherd_n he_o dissipate_v the_o whole_a flock_n the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o king_n as_o curtius_n tell_v we_o among_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v govern_v by_o king_n be_v as_o venerable_a as_o that_o of_o god_n so_o artabanus_n the_o persian_a them_o plut._n them_o among_o many_o and_o those_o most_o excellent_a law_n we_o have_v this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a which_o command_v we_o to_o adore_v our_o king_n as_o the_o very_a image_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o saviour_n of_o all_o and_o therefore_o as_o plutarch_n speak_v nec_fw-la fas_fw-la nec_fw-la licitum_fw-la est_fw-la regis_fw-la corpori_fw-la manus_fw-la infer_v it_o be_v not_o permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o a_o king_n but_o as_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o another_o place_n tell_v we_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o valour_n be_v to_o save_v he_o that_o save_v all_o if_o the_o eye_n observe_v a_o blow_n threaten_v the_o head_n the_o hand_n be_v instruct_v by_o nature_n interpose_v itself_o as_o prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o head_n whereupon_o all_o the_o other_o member_n depend_v before_o their_o own_o wherefore_o as_o cassiodore_n note_n pater_fw-la de_fw-fr pater_fw-la he_o that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n redeem_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n do_v well_o own_o we_o be_v to_o prefer_v his_o life_n before_o our_o own_o if_o in_o so_o do_v he_o propose_v to_o himself_o the_o free_n of_o his_o own_o soul_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o another_o man_n body_n for_o as_o conscience_n teach_v he_o to_o express_v his_o fidelity_n to_o his_o sovereign_n so_o do_v right_a reason_n instruct_v he_o to_o prefer_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n before_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o own_o body_n but_o here_o a_o more_o difficult_a question_n arise_v as_o namely_o whether_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o david_n and_o the_o maccabee_n nothing_o whether_o david_n example_n and_o the_o maccabee_n be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v christian_n in_o like_a case_n 1_o pet._n 4.12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16._o christ_n advice_n be_v to_o flee_v where_o the_o duty_n of_o our_o call_n will_v permit_v but_o beyond_o that_o nothing_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a for_o we_o christian_n or_o whether_o christ_n who_o so_o often_o enjoin_v we_o to_o take_v up_o our_o cross_n do_v not_o require_v from_o we_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o patience_n sure_o where_o our_o superior_n threaten_v we_o with_o death_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n our_o saviour_n advise_v such_o as_o be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o necessary_a duty_n of_o their_o calling_n to_o reside_v in_o any_o one_o place_n to_o flee_v but_o beyond_o this_o nothing_o st._n peter_n tell_v we_o that_o christ_n in_o suffer_v leave_v we_o a_o ensample_n who_o though_o he_o know_v no_o sin_n nor_o have_v any_o guile_n find_v in_o his_o mouth_n yet_o be_v revile_v he_o revile_v not_o again_o when_o he_o suffer_v he_o threaten_v not_o but_o remit_v his_o cause_n to_o he_o that_o judge_v righteous_o nay_o he_o advise_v we_o to_o give_v thanks_o unto_o god_n and_o to_o rejoice_v when_o we_o suffer_v persecution_n for_o our_o religion_n and_o we_o may_v read_v how_o mighty_o christian_n religion_n have_v grow_v and_o be_v advance_v by_o this_o admirable_a gift_n of_o patience_n wherefore_o how_o injurious_a to_o those_o ancient_a christian_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_o the_o time_n of_o either_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o or_o man_n true_o apostolical_a must_v needs_o be_v well_o instruct_v in_o their_o discipline_n and_o consequent_o walk_v more_o exact_o according_a to_o their_o rule_n yet_o suffer_v death_n for_o their_o faith_n how_o injurious_a i_o say_v to_o these_o man_n be_v they_o who_o hold_v that_o they_o want_v not_o a_o will_v to_o resist_v but_o rather_o a_o power_n to_o defend_v themselves_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o death_n sure_o tertullian_n have_v never_o be_v so_o imprudent_a nay_o impudent_a as_o so_o confident_o to_o have_v affirm_v such_o a_o untruth_n tertullian_n so_o tertullian_n whereof_o he_o know_v the_o emperor_n can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a when_o he_o write_v thus_o unto_o he_o if_o we_o have_v a_o will_n to_o take_v our_o private_a revenge_n or_o to_o act_v as_o public_a enemy_n can_v we_o want_v either_o number_n of_o man_n or_o store_v of_o warlike_a provision_n be_v the_o moor_n german_n parthian_n or_o the_o people_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n more_o than_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o though_o stranger_n yet_o do_v fill_v all_o place_n in_o your_o dominion_n your_o city_n island_n castle_n fort_n assembly_n your_o very_a camp_n tribe_n court_n palace_n senate_n only_o your_o temple_n we_o leave_v to_o yourselves_o for_o what_o war_n have_v not_o we_o always_o declare_v ourselves_o fit_a and_o ready_a though_o in_o number_n of_o man_n we_o have_v sometime_o be_v very_o unequal_a how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v that_o we_o suffer_v death_n so_o meek_o so_o patient_o but_o that_o we_o be_v instruct_v by_o our_o religion_n that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v cyprian_a also_o tread_v in_o his_o master_n step_n open_o declare_v that_o it_o be_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o christian_n be_v apprehend_v make_v no_o resistance_n nor_o attempt_v any_o revenge_n for_o injury_n unjust_o do_v they_o though_o they_o want_v neither_o number_n of_o man_n nor_o other_o mean_n to_o have_v resist_v but_o it_o be_v their_o confidence_n of_o some_o divine_a vengeance_n that_o will_v fall_v upon_o their_o persecutor_n that_o make_v they_o thus_o patient_a 5._o lib._n 5._o and_o that_o persuade_v the_o innocent_a to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o nocent_a so_o lactantius_n we_o be_v willing_a to_o confide_v in_o the_o majesty_n of_o god_n who_o be_v able_a as_o well_o to_o revenge_v the_o contempt_n do_v to_o himself_o as_o the_o injury_n and_o hardship_n do_v unto_o we_o wherefore_o though_o our_o suffering_n be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v express_v yet_o do_v we_o not_o mutter_v a_o word_n of_o discontent_n but_o refer_v ourselves_o whole_o to_o he_o who_o judge_v righteous_o joshua_n lib._n 6._o qu._n 10._o in_o joshua_n and_o to_o the_o same_o tune_n sing_v st._n augustin_n when_o prince_n err_v they_o
present_o make_v law_n to_o legitimate_a their_o error_n and_o by_o those_o very_a law_n they_o judge_v the_o innocent_a who_o be_v at_o length_n crown_v with_o martyrdom_n 166._o ep._n 166._o and_o in_o another_o place_n tyrant_n be_v so_o to_o be_v endure_v by_o their_o subject_n and_o hard_a master_n by_o their_o servant_n that_o both_o their_o temporal_a life_n if_o possible_a may_v be_v preserve_v and_o yet_o their_o eternal_a safety_n careful_o provide_v for_o which_o he_o illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n who_o though_o they_o then_o sojourn_v upon_o earth_n as_o pilgrim_n and_o have_v infinite_a number_n of_o nation_n to_o assist_v they_o yet_o choose_v rather_o patient_o to_o suffer_v all_o manner_n of_o torment_n than_o forcible_o to_o resist_v their_o persecutor_n neither_o will_v they_o fight_v â—o_o preserve_v their_o temporal_a life_n but_o choose_v rather_o not_o to_o fight_v that_o so_o they_o may_v ensure_v unto_o themselves_o a_o eternal_a for_o they_o endure_v bond_n stripe_n imprisonment_n the_o rack_n the_o fire_n the_o cross_n they_o be_v flay_v alive_a kill_v and_o quarter_v and_o yet_o they_o multiply_v they_o esteem_v this_o life_n not_o worth_a the_o fight_n for_o so_o that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o it_o they_o may_v purchase_v what_o so_o eager_o they_o pant_v after_o a_o better_a of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v cyril_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o many_o notable_a say_n of_o his_o upon_o that_o place_n of_o st._n john_n where_o he_o treat_v of_o peter_n sword_n the_o thebean_a legion_n legion_n the_o thebean_a legion_n we_o read_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o soldier_n and_o all_o christian_n who_o when_o the_o emperor_n maximianus_n will_v have_v compel_v the_o whole_a army_n to_o sacrifice_v to_o idol_n first_o remove_v their_o station_n to_o agaunus_n and_o when_o upon_o fresh_a order_n send_v after_o they_o they_o refuse_v to_o come_v maximianus_n command_v his_o officer_n to_o put_v every_o ten_o man_n to_o death_n which_o be_v easy_o do_v no_o man_n offer_v to_o resist_v at_o which_o time_n mauritius_n who_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n in_o that_o legion_n and_o from_o who_o the_o town_n agaunus_n in_o switzerland_n be_v afterward_o call_v st._n mauritz_n as_o eucherius_n bishop_n of_o lion_n record_n thus_o bespeak_v his_o fellow_n soldier_n how_o fearful_a be_v i_o lest_o any_o of_o you_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o defend_v yourselves_o as_o be_v easy_a for_o man_n arm_v as_o you_o be_v to_o have_v do_v shall_v have_v attempt_v by_o force_n to_o have_v rescue_v from_o death_n those_o bless_a martyr_n which_o have_v you_o do_v i_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v by_o christ_n own_o example_n to_o have_v forbid_v it_o who_o express_o remand_v that_o sword_n into_o its_o sheath_n that_o be_v but_o draw_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n thereby_o teach_v we_o that_o our_o christian_a faith_n be_v much_o more_o prevalent_a than_o all_o other_o arms._n this_o tragic_a act_n be_v past_a the_o emperor_n command_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o the_o survivor_n as_o he_o have_v do_v before_o to_o the_o whole_a legion_n they_o unanimous_o return_v this_o answer_n tui_fw-la quidam_fw-la caesar_n milites_fw-la sumus_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o be_v thy_o soldier_n o_o caesar_n we_o take_v arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n we_o never_o yet_o desert_v the_o war_n nor_o betray_v the_o trust_n repose_v in_o we_o we_o be_v never_o yet_o brand_v with_o fear_n or_o cowardice_n but_o have_v always_o observe_v thy_o command_n until_o be_v otherwise_o instruct_v by_o our_o christian_a law_n we_o refuse_v to_o worship_v the_o devil_n or_o to_o approach_v those_o altar_n that_o be_v always_o pollute_v with_o blood_n we_o find_v by_o thy_o command_n that_o thou_o resolve_v either_o to_o draw_v we_o into_o idolatry_n or_o to_o affright_v we_o by_o put_v every_o ten_o man_n of_o we_o to_o death_n make_v no_o far_o search_v after_o those_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o lie_v conceal_v but_o know_v that_o we_o be_v all_o of_o we_o christian_n all_o our_o body_n thou_o have_v indeed_o under_o thy_o power_n but_o our_o soul_n be_v subject_a only_o to_o christ_n our_o redeemer_n then_o exuperius_n be_v the_o standard-bearer_n to_o that_o legion_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o hitherto_o fellow_n soldier_n i_o have_v carry_v the_o standard_n before_o you_o in_o this_o secular_a war_n but_o it_o be_v not_o unto_o these_o arm_n that_o i_o now_o invite_v you_o it_o be_v not_o unto_o these_o war_n that_o i_o be_o now_o to_o excite_v your_o valour_n for_o now_o we_o be_v to_o practice_v another_o kind_n of_o warfare_n for_o with_o these_o weapon_n you_o can_v never_o enforce_v your_o way_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o send_v this_o message_n to_o the_o emperor_n against_o thou_o o_o caesar_n desperation_n itself_o which_o usual_o make_v even_o coward_n valiant_a can_v prevail_v with_o we_o to_o take_v arms._n behold_v we_o have_v our_o weapon_n fix_v yet_o will_v we_o not_o resist_v because_o we_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v kill_v by_o thou_o than_o to_o overcome_v thou_o and_o to_o die_v innocent_n than_o to_o live_v rebel_n to_o either_o god_n or_o thou_o and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o add_v tela_n projicimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o abandon_v our_o arm_n o_o emperor_n and_o will_v meet_v thy_o messenger_n of_o death_n with_o naked_a breast_n yet_o with_o heart_n strong_o munit_v with_o christian_a faith_n and_o present_o after_o follow_v that_o general_a massacre_n of_o the_o thebean_a band_n whereof_o eutherius_n give_v this_o narrative_a it_o be_v neither_o their_o innocence_n nor_o their_o number_n that_o can_v exempt_v they_o from_o death_n whereas_o in_o other_o more_o dangerous_a tumult_n a_o multitude_n though_o offend_v be_v rare_o punish_v the_o same_o story_n in_o the_o old_a martyrology_n we_o find_v thus_o record_v they_o be_v every_o where_o wound_v with_o sword_n yet_o they_o cry_v not_o out_o but_o disdain_v the_o use_n of_o their_o arm_n they_o expose_v their_o breast_n naked_a to_o their_o persecutor_n it_o be_v neither_o their_o number_n nor_o their_o experience_n in_o war_n that_o can_v persuade_v they_o to_o assert_v the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n by_o their_o sword_n but_o place_v his_o example_n always_o before_o they_o who_o be_v lead_v to_o the_o slaughter_n dumb_a and_o liâ—e_z a_o lamb_n to_o be_v sacrifice_v open_v not_o his_o mouth_n they_o also_o in_o imitation_n of_o he_o like_o the_o innocent_a flock_n of_o christ_n suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v worry_v and_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o a_o herd_n of_o persecute_v wolf_n thus_o also_o do_v the_o jew_n of_o alexandria_n testify_v their_o innocency_n before_o haccus_n we_o be_v as_o then_o see_v unarmed_a and_o yet_o we_o be_v accuse_v unto_o thou_o as_o public_a enemy_n to_o the_o state_n these_o hand_n which_o nature_n have_v give_v we_o for_o our_o defence_n we_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v pinnacle_v behind_o we_o where_o they_o be_v of_o little_a use_n and_o our_o breast_n we_o expose_v naked_a to_o every_o man_n that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o kill_v we_o and_o when_o the_o emperor_n valens_n cruel_o persecute_v those_o christian_n which_o according_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n profess_a christ_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v co_z essential_a with_o the_o father_n though_o there_o be_v every_o where_o great_a multitude_n of_o they_o yet_o do_v they_o never_o attempt_v by_o arm_n to_o secure_v themselves_o sure_o 2.21_o 1_o pet._n 2.21_o wheresoever_o patience_n in_o time_n of_o persecution_n be_v commend_v unto_o we_o there_o we_o find_v christ_n own_o example_n hold_v out_o unto_o we_o as_o we_o read_v it_o be_v to_o the_o thebean_a legion_n for_o our_o imitation_n 10.39_o mat._n 10.39_o as_o therefore_o his_o patience_n so_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o bound_n nor_o limit_n but_o death_n itself_o 12.33_o luk._n 12.33_o and_o he_o that_o thus_o lose_v his_o life_n be_v true_o say_v by_o christ_n himself_o to_o find_v it_o thus_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o he_o that_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o supreme_a power_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v now_o i_o must_v admonish_v our_o reader_n of_o some_o thing_n wherein_o he_o may_v mistake_v by_o judge_v that_o those_o man_n do_v dash_v their_o foot_n against_o this_o stone_n who_o indeed_o do_v not_o viii_o that_o a_o free_a people_n may_v make_v war_n against_o their_o prince_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o those_o prince_n that_o be_v under_o the_o body_n of_o a_o people_n whether_o they_o original_o retain_v such_o a_o power_n or_o by_o some_o after_o contract_n or_o agreement_n make_v with_o they_o as_o in_o lacedaemon_n if_o they_o do_v violate_v the_o law_n or_o wrong_v the_o
in_o history_n many_o example_n â—_o example_n meierum_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1339._o de_fw-la flandr_n &_o brab_n &_o â—_o xv._o a_o usurper_n how_o far_o to_o be_v obey_v the_o act_n of_o a_o usurper_n bind_v and_o why_o we_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o he_o who_o have_v or_o have_v a_o right_a to_o govern_v now_o something_o we_o must_v say_v of_o he_o that_o invade_v or_o usurp_v the_o government_n not_o after_o he_o have_v either_o by_o long_a possession_n or_o by_o consent_n or_o agreement_n obtain_v a_o right_n unto_o it_o but_o so_o long_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o unjust_a acquisition_n continue_v and_o certain_o during_o the_o time_n that_o he_o possess_v the_o empire_n his_o act_n may_v have_v power_n to_o bind_v but_o yet_o not_o as_o they_o be_v his_o for_o right_o to_o command_v he_o have_v none_o but_o upon_o this_o presumption_n that_o he_o who_o of_o right_o shall_v govern_v whether_o king_n people_n or_o senate_n have_v rather_o that_o his_o law_n for_o that_o time_n shall_v be_v bind_v than_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v live_v altogether_o without_o law_n and_o without_o judgement_n which_o must_v necessary_o introduce_v the_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n cicero_n condemn_v sylla_n law_n as_o too_o cruel_a against_o the_o child_n of_o those_o that_o be_v proscribe_v in_o make_v they_o uncapable_a of_o sue_v for_o honour_n yet_o he_o think_v fit_a that_o those_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v affirm_v as_o quintilian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o contain_v in_o those_o law_n that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v the_o commonwealth_n at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o have_v subsist_v florus_n also_o concern_v the_o act_n of_o the_o same_o sylla_n say_v thus_o lepidus_n go_v about_o to_o rescind_v the_o act_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o man_n and_o indeed_o not_o without_o cause_n if_o at_o least_o he_o can_v have_v do_v it_o without_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o by_o and_o by_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v then_o sick_a and_o wound_a to_o be_v govern_v by_o any_o law_n whatsoever_o rather_o than_o to_o fret_v and_o scarrifie_v her_o wound_n by_o attempt_v a_o untimely_a cure_n yet_o notwithstanding_o at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o our_o obedience_n be_v not_o so_o exquisite_o necessary_a and_o yet_o may_v help_v to_o confirm_v the_o usurper_n in_o his_o unjust_a possession_n if_o by_o our_o disobedience_n we_o incur_v no_o great_a danger_n we_o must_v not_o obey_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o deject_v he_o that_o shall_v thus_o usurp_v the_o sovereign_a power_n or_o to_o kill_v he_o be_v disputable_a xvi_o a_o usurper_n may_v be_v kill_v during_o the_o war_n if_o no_o contract_n be_v make_v with_o he_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o he_o that_o usurp_v another_o man_n dominion_n have_v not_o gain_v it_o by_o a_o just_a war_n that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o war_n as_o have_v all_o the_o right_n require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n nor_o by_o any_o contract_n or_o agreement_n make_v with_o he_o or_o faith_n give_v to_o he_o but_o that_o he_o hold_v his_o possession_n by_o force_n only_o the_o right_n of_o war_n seem_v in_o this_o case_n to_o continue_v continue_v by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o war_n continue_v and_o therefore_o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o a_o enemy_n may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o he_o who_o any_o private_a man_n that_o have_v not_o give_v his_o faith_n to_o he_o may_v lawful_o kill_v in_o reos_fw-la majestatis_fw-la &_o publicos_fw-la host_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la mile_n est_fw-la against_o traitor_n and_o public_a enemy_n every_o private_a man_n say_v tertullian_n be_v a_o soldier_n so_o against_o such_o as_o desert_v their_o colour_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n apolog._n tertul._n apolog._n it_o be_v indulge_v unto_o every_o man_n to_o take_v public_a revenge_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a safety_n xvii_o or_o by_o virtue_n of_o some_o antecedent_n law_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v if_o before_o such_o a_o invasion_n there_o be_v extant_a any_o such_o law_n authorise_v any_o private_a man_n to_o kill_v he_o who_o dare_v in_o his_o presence_n commit_v such_o or_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o for_o example_n if_o be_v but_o a_o private_a man_n he_o shall_v go_v with_o a_o guard_n about_o he_o or_o if_o he_o shall_v attempt_v a_o fort_n or_o kill_v a_o citizen_n uncondemned_a or_o illegal_o condemn_v or_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v presume_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o just_a suffrage_n many_o such_o law_n we_o may_v read_v of_o to_o have_v be_v in_o force_n among_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n with_o who_o it_o be_v also_o think_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o tyrant_n such_o be_v that_o law_n of_o solon_n in_o athens_n renew_v after_o his_o return_n from_o piraeeus_n against_o such_o as_o have_v abolish_v popular_a government_n or_o that_o after_o such_o abolition_n have_v bear_v any_o office_n the_o like_a law_n there_o be_v also_o in_o rome_n call_v the_o valerian_n law_n against_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v assume_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n make_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o kill_v such_o a_o man_n uncondemned_a public_a plut._n public_a as_o plutarch_n relate_v where_o he_o thus_o distinguish_v solon_n law_n from_o that_o of_o publicola_n solon_n will_v have_v such_o a_o man_n legal_o convict_v but_o publicola_n permit_v any_o man_n to_o kill_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o any_o formal_a process_n and_o such_o be_v the_o consular_a law_n immediate_o after_o the_o decemviral_n government_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v dare_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o a_o appeal_n and_o he_o that_o create_v such_o may_v by_o the_o law_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n be_v kill_v xviii_o by_o his_o commission_n who_o have_v right_o to_o the_o empire_n no_o less_o lawful_a it_o be_v for_o he_o to_o kill_v a_o usurper_n that_o have_v a_o express_a warrant_n so_o to_o do_v from_o he_o to_o who_o the_o just_a right_n of_o government_n belong_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n the_o people_n or_o the_o senate_n among_o who_o likewise_o we_o may_v place_v the_o protector_n or_o guardian_n of_o king_n during_o their_o nonage_n such_o as_o be_v jehojada_n to_o king_n joas_n at_o who_o command_n athalia_fw-la be_v deprive_v at_o once_o both_o of_o her_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 2_o chron._n 23._o xix_o why_o a_o usurper_n may_v not_o be_v kill_v but_o in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n now_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n i_o can_v perceive_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o private_a man_n by_o force_n either_o to_o deject_v or_o to_o destroy_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o true_a right_o have_v rather_o prefer_v the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o his_o subject_n though_o under_o the_o usurper_n power_n than_o embroil_n his_o country_n in_o blood_n or_o to_o vex_v his_o subject_n with_o civil_a war_n which_o be_v the_o sad_a and_o bloody_a effect_n and_o consequence_n that_o attend_v the_o murder_n or_o expulsion_n of_o king_n especial_o if_o his_o quarrel_n be_v espouse_v by_o either_o a_o strong_a faction_n at_o home_n or_o powerful_a friend_n abroad_o or_o because_o it_o be_v at_o least_o doubtful_a whether_o that_o king_n people_z or_o senate_n in_o who_o the_o right_a of_o empire_n be_v be_v willing_a that_o the_o matter_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o so_o desperate_a a_o issue_n and_o without_o the_o precise_a knowledge_n of_o this_o all_o violence_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v unjust_a it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o favonius_n in_o plutarch_n observe_v pejus_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la civil_a dominatu_fw-la illegitimo_fw-la bruti_fw-la vita_fw-la bruti_fw-la a_o intestine_a war_n be_v more_o destructive_a than_o any_o tyranny_n for_o though_o the_o rage_n of_o incense_a tyrant_n may_v produce_v more_o tragical_a effect_n upon_o some_o particular_a family_n ☜_o ☜_o yet_o the_o deluge_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n spread_v far_a continue_v long_a and_o leave_v more_o dreadful_a print_n behind_o it_o than_o any_o tyranny_n give_v i_o any_o peace_n say_v cicero_n rather_o than_o a_o civil_a war._n titus_n quintus_fw-la tell_v the_o lacedaemonian_n 34._o liv._o 34._o that_o it_o will_v be_v much_o better_a for_o they_o to_o bear_v with_o the_o tyranny_n of_o nabis_n than_o by_o endeavour_v by_o arm_n to_o recover_v their_o lose_a liberty_n to_o make_v the_o tyrant_n grave_a in_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o city_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o prudent_a advice_n of_o aristophanes_n leo_n in_o civitate_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la alendus_fw-la
other_o creature_n wisdom_n furnish_v they_o with_o such_o natural_a muniment_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o violent_a incursion_n and_o sudden_a danger_n but_o unto_o man_n be_v send_v into_o the_o world_n naked_a and_o unarm_v the_o better_a to_o instruct_v he_o in_o wisdom_n have_v god_n beside_o other_o endowment_n give_v he_o natural_a affection_n whereby_o we_o be_v teach_v to_o love_n cherish_v and_o defend_v each_o other_o and_o ready_o to_o give_v and_o receive_v aid_n and_o assistance_n one_o to_o and_o from_o another_o against_o all_o outward_a assault_n and_o danger_n whatsoever_o iii_o or_o instrumental_a as_o servant_n etc._n etc._n by_o instrument_n here_o we_o mean_v not_o arm_n or_o such_o like_a wherewith_o we_o either_o offend_v other_o or_o defend_v ourselves_o but_o such_o voluntary_a agent_n as_o be_v content_v to_o receive_v direction_n from_o other_o such_o as_o a_o son_n be_v to_o his_o father_n be_v a_o part_n of_o himself_o natural_o or_o as_o a_o servant_n to_o his_o master_n of_o who_o he_o be_v legal_o a_o part_n for_o as_o a_o part_n do_v not_o only_o refer_v to_o the_o whole_a in_o the_o same_o relation_n as_o the_o whole_a be_v the_o whole_a of_o the_o part_n but_o this_o very_a thing_n that_o it_o be_v be_v the_o whole_a so_o possession_n be_v say_v to_o be_v something_o of_o he_o that_o possess_v it_o and_o servant_n say_v democritus_n be_v to_o be_v use_v as_o we_o do_v the_o member_n of_o our_o body_n some_o to_o one_o purpose_n and_o some_o to_o another_o now_o what_o servant_n be_v to_o a_o family_n the_o same_o be_v subject_n to_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o be_v as_o instrument_n to_o he_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n iv_o naturally_n no_o man_n excuse_v from_o war._n without_o doubt_n natural_o all_o that_o be_v subject_n may_v be_v employ_v in_o the_o war_n though_o some_o special_a law_n may_v excuse_v some_o as_o heretofore_o servant_n among_o the_o roman_n and_o now_o every_o where_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o levite_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o duty_n of_o war_n as_o josephus_n testify_v which_o law_n notwithstanding_o as_o all_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n must_v admit_v of_o the_o exception_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n and_o let_v this_o suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v in_o general_a concern_v subject_n and_o servant_n for_o what_o more_o especial_o concern_v they_o shall_v be_v handle_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n hugo_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o peace_n &_o war_n book_n ii_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n and_o first_o of_o war_n make_v in_o our_o own_o defence_n i._o what_o cause_n may_v be_v say_v to_o justify_v a_o war._n ii_o that_o they_o arise_v either_o from_o our_o own_o defence_n or_o from_o require_v what_o be_v our_o own_o or_o be_v due_a to_o we_o or_o from_o punishment_n iii_o war_n make_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o life_n lawful_a iv_o against_o the_o aggressor_n only_o v._o in_o such_o danger_n as_o be_v imminent_a and_o certain_a not_o in_o such_o as_o be_v opinionative_n only_o vi_o war_n make_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o limb_n lawful_a vii_o especial_o in_o defence_n of_o chastity_n viii_o war_n make_v in_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o may_v sometime_o be_v omit_v ix_o our_o defence_n make_v against_o a_o person_n public_o very_o profitable_a sometime_o unlawful_a by_o the_o law_n of_o charity_n x._o to_o kill_v a_o man_n for_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n or_o for_o some_o such_o reproach_n or_o rather_o than_o flee_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o christian_n xi_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n in_o defend_v our_o good_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o unlawful_a xii_o how_o far_o permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n xiii_o whether_o and_o how_o far_o permit_v by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n fourteen_o whether_o the_o civil_a law_n permit_v a_o man_n to_o kill_v another_o in_o defence_n of_o himself_o do_v give_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v or_o only_o a_o impunity_n explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xv._o when_o duel_v may_v be_v lawful_a xvi_o of_o defence_n in_o a_o war_n that_o be_v public_a xvii_o if_o only_o to_o weaken_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v repute_v unlawful_a xviii_o the_o defence_n of_o he_o who_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n be_v likewise_o unlawful_a i._o let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n i_o mean_v those_o that_o justify_v a_o war_n for_o there_o be_v other_o that_o excite_v man_n to_o war_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o profit_n which_o be_v sometime_o distinct_a from_o those_o which_o excite_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o justice_n which_o as_o well_o between_o themselves_o as_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o war_n such_o as_o be_v the_o hart_n in_o the_o war_n between_o turnus_n and_o aeneas_n polybius_n do_v accurate_o distinguish_v hist_o 3_o hist_o and_o though_o the_o difference_n between_o these_o be_v manifest_a yet_o be_v the_o term_n usual_o confound_v for_o even_o these_o cause_n which_o we_o call_v justify_v livy_n in_o the_o oration_n of_o the_o rhodian_o call_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n 45._o lib._n 45._o sure_o you_o say_v the_o rhodian_o be_v those_o very_a roman_n who_o pretend_v that_o your_o war_n be_v therefore_o successful_a because_o they_o be_v just_a and_o that_o glory_n not_o in_o the_o event_n that_o you_o can_v conquer_v but_o in_o the_o beginning_n that_o you_o never_o make_v war_n but_o upon_o just_a cause_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v hardly_o ever_o any_o nation_n that_o do_v so_o long_a pride_n themselves_o in_o the_o justice_n of_o their_o quarrel_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v the_o roman_n say_v polybius_n take_v very_o great_a care_n not_o to_o begin_v a_o war_n with_o their_o neighbour_n and_o will_v have_v all_o man_n believe_v that_o they_o never_o make_v war_n but_o to_o repel_v injury_n this_o dion_n testify_v in_o that_o notable_a comparison_n he_o make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o antiochus_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o roman_n take_v special_a care_n that_o their_o war_n shall_v be_v just_a nor_o do_v they_o ever_o decree_v a_o war_n rash_o or_o without_o just_a cause_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n do_v aelian_a call_n the_o cause_n of_o war_n 53._o lib._n 12._o c._n 53._o the_o beginning_n of_o war_n and_o diodorus_n discourse_v of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o the_o aelian_o make_v the_o pretence_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n to_o be_v the_o same_o these_o justify_v cause_n of_o war_n be_v the_o proper_a argument_n of_o our_o present_a discourse_n 8._o lib._n 8._o whereunto_o that_o of_o coriolanus_n in_o halicarnassensis_n be_v pertinent_a let_v your_o first_o and_o principal_a care_n be_v that_o the_o ground_n of_o all_o your_o war_n be_v pious_a and_o just_a so_o be_v that_o likewise_o of_o demosthenes_n 2._o oâ—yâ—th_n 2._o as_o in_o the_o build_n of_o house_n ship_n and_o such_o like_a the_o foundation_n or_o groundwork_n shall_v be_v firm_a and_o last_a otherwise_o the_o superstructure_n will_v soon_o decay_v and_o totter_v so_o in_o all_o our_o erterprise_n justice_n and_o truth_n shall_v lay_v as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o stone_n 12._o lib._n 12._o if_o we_o expect_v that_o the_o success_n shall_v be_v honourable_a no_o less_o pertinent_a to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o also_o of_o dion_n cassius_n in_o all_o our_o war_n let_v our_o chief_a regard_n be_v to_o justice_n for_o if_o she_o lead_v up_o the_o van_n true_a valour_n may_v bid_v fair_a for_o the_o victory_n but_o if_o she_o be_v want_v though_o our_o first_o attempt_n flatter_v we_o 3._o de_fw-fr rep_n l._n 3._o yet_o will_v the_o end_n prove_v inglorious_a and_o that_o also_o of_o cicero_n those_o war_n be_v unjust_a that_o be_v undertake_v without_o cause_n and_o therefore_o in_o another_o place_n he_o sharp_o reprove_v cassius_n for_o pass_v with_o his_o army_n over_o euphrates_n when_o there_o be_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n give_v which_o hold_v true_a no_o less_o in_o public_a war_n than_o it_o do_v in_o private_a hence_o arise_v that_o complaint_n of_o seneca_n do_v we_o restrain_v homicide_n and_o punish_v murderer_n and_o yet_o esteem_v the_o depopulation_n of_o whole_a nation_n glorious_a covetousness_n and_o cruelty_n know_v no_o moderation_n commission_n be_v every_o day_n send_v out_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n to_o execute_v act_n of_o cruelty_n and_o what_o we_o private_o forbid_v we_o public_o commend_v homicidium_fw-la cum_fw-la admittant_fw-la singuli_fw-la crimen_fw-la est_fw-la virtus_fw-la voco_fw-la cum_fw-la publicae_fw-la geritur_fw-la when_o a_o private_a man_n commit_v a_o murder_n he_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o criminal_a but_o when_o thousand_o be_v public_o take_v away_o and_o destroy_v it_o be_v
just_o object_v against_o i_o that_o i_o bring_v myself_o into_o that_o danger_n because_o i_o propose_v nothing_o to_o myself_o but_o either_o to_o defend_v or_o recover_v what_o be_v my_o own_o or_o to_o take_v the_o thief_n which_o to_o i_o be_v lawful_a nor_o do_v i_o injure_v any_o in_o the_o use_n of_o lawful_a mean_n to_o a_o lawful_a end_n but_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o nocturnal_a and_o a_o diurnal_a thief_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o in_o the_o night_n there_o can_v hardly_o be_v find_v witness_n sufficient_a to_o testify_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n therefore_o in_o case_n a_o thief_n be_v find_v slay_v we_o do_v easy_o give_v credit_n to_o he_o theft_n in_o the_o night_n witness_n can_v prove_v the_o theft_n who_o shall_v confess_v that_o he_o slay_v he_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n especial_o if_o the_o slay_a thief_n be_v find_v with_o any_o offensive_a weapon_n by_o he_o for_o this_o be_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n require_v that_o the_o nocturnal_a thief_n be_v find_v dig_v through_o a_o house_n as_o some_o have_v translate_v the_o hebrew_n word_n or_o as_o other_o better_a with_o a_o dig_v instrument_n about_o he_o as_o the_o most_o learned_a of_o they_o have_v expound_v that_o place_n of_o jer._n 2.34_o i_o be_o the_o more_o easy_o guide_v to_o this_o exposition_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n he_o a_o nocturnal_a thief_n may_v be_v kill_v if_o he_o have_v any_o weapon_n about_o he_o whereby_o it_o be_v forbid_v to_o kill_v a_o thief_n that_o rob_v by_o day_n with_o this_o exception_n unless_o he_o shall_v defend_v himself_o with_o some_o weapon_n now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o a_o thief_n that_o rob_v by_o night_n have_v weapon_n about_o he_o to_o defend_v himself_o by_o weapon_n the_o lawyer_n cajus_n understand_v either_o iron_n a_o club_n or_o a_o stone_n on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o ulpian_n that_o whereas_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o law_n that_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o thief_n by_o night_n shall_v be_v indemnify_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o case_n that_o in_o defend_v his_o good_n he_o can_v not_o otherwise_o free_v himself_o from_o danger_n there_o be_v therefore_o as_o i_o say_v a_o strong_a presumption_n for_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o nocturnal_a thief_n but_o if_o there_o be_v sufficient_a witness_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o that_o kill_v such_o a_o thief_n be_v in_o no_o such_o danger_n than_o the_o presumption_n will_v instant_o cease_v and_o he_o that_o shall_v kill_v the_o say_a thief_n shall_v be_v hold_v guilty_a of_o homicide_n it_o be_v likewise_o provide_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n that_o he_o that_o apprehend_v a_o thief_n whether_o by_o day_n or_o night_n shall_v publish_v it_o with_o a_o outcry_n as_o cajus_n instruct_v we_o that_o so_o outcry_n a_o nocturnal_a thief_n must_v be_v assault_v with_o a_o outcry_n if_o it_o may_v be_v both_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o people_n may_v be_v call_v in_o to_o assist_v and_o give_v testimony_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o because_o such_o a_o concourse_n can_v so_o easy_o be_v procure_v in_o the_o night_n as_o in_o the_o day_n therefore_o be_v more_o credit_n give_v unto_o he_o that_o shall_v affirm_v that_o he_o kill_v the_o nocturnal_a thief_n in_o his_o own_o defence_n not_o unlike_o be_v that_o hebrew_n law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o ravishment_n which_o if_o commit_v in_o the_o field_n the_o person_n ravish_v be_v to_o have_v be_v believe_v but_o not_o so_o if_o in_o the_o city_n because_o there_o she_o both_o might_n and_o ought_v by_o her_o clamour_n to_o have_v call_v in_o the_o neighbour_n to_o her_o assistance_n not_o that_o the_o case_n of_o ravishment_n be_v always_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o this_o rule_n as_o philo_n well_o expound_v this_o place_n difference_v a_o rape_n commit_v in_o the_o field_n and_o in_o the_o city_n difference_v for_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o such_o a_o fact_n may_v be_v commit_v in_o a_o city_n without_o clamour_n by_o stop_v the_o mouth_n and_o that_o in_o the_o field_n it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o consent_n as_o in_o his_o book_n of_o special_a law_n he_o affirm_v but_o that_o this_o rule_n be_v to_o guide_v we_o in_o ordinary_a case_n of_o ravishment_n moreover_o admit_v the_o danger_n to_o be_v equal_a yet_o in_o the_o night_n because_o we_o can_v so_o well_o descry_v what_o the_o danger_n be_v either_o for_o quality_n or_o quantity_n therefore_o though_o the_o danger_n may_v be_v less_o yet_o the_o terror_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o let_v this_o also_o be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o hebrew_n and_o roman_a law_n though_o they_o appear_v severe_a yet_o be_v they_o usual_o addulce_v by_o charity_n for_o they_o will_v not_o willing_o punish_v theft_n with_o death_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o disproportion_n between_o life_n and_o good_n unless_o the_o injure_v person_n in_o strive_v to_o recover_v his_o good_n shall_v be_v bring_v in_o jeopardy_n of_o his_o life_n and_o moses_n maimonides_n have_v leave_v this_o charitable_a rule_n for_o our_o guide_n whilst_o he_o give_v no_o private_a man_n power_n to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o another_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o that_o which_o be_v lose_v be_v irreparable_a such_o as_o be_v life_n and_o chastity_n xiii_o how_o far_o forth_o lawful_a by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n but_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o evangelical_n law_n be_v more_o sublime_a and_o spiritual_a than_o either_o the_o jewish_a or_o roman_a law_n do_v not_o require_v a_o more_o strict_a and_o perfect_a obedience_n than_o those_o law_n do_v and_o clear_o it_o do_v for_o if_o our_o bless_a saviour_n do_v enjoin_v we_o to_o part_v with_o our_o coat_n and_o our_o cloak_n and_o if_o st._n paul_n admonish_v we_o to_o suffer_v ourselves_o to_o be_v despoil_v of_o our_o good_n rather_o than_o contend_v in_o law_n for_o they_o which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o unbloody_a strife_n how_o much_o more_o do_v that_o law_n expect_v that_o we_o shall_v rather_o forbear_v and_o forego_v thing_n though_o of_o a_o great_a value_n than_o imbrue_v our_o hand_n in_o our_o neighbour_n blood_n he_o be_v god_n own_o image_n and_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o ourselves_o wherefore_o if_o our_o good_n be_v steal_v may_v be_v recover_v or_o defend_v without_o the_o danger_n of_o bloodshed_n we_o do_v well_o so_o to_o do_v but_o if_o not_o we_o ought_v rather_o willing_o to_o lose_v they_o than_o to_o stain_v our_o hand_n with_o the_o blood_n of_o he_o that_o rob_v we_o unless_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v such_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o sustentation_n of_o ourselves_o or_o our_o family_n and_o which_o can_v by_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v recover_v because_o haply_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o know_v and_o that_o there_o be_v some_o fear_n abituram_fw-la forte_n quia_fw-la fur_n sit_fw-la ignotus_fw-la &_o spes_n siâ—_n aliqâ—a_fw-la sine_fw-la caede_fw-la rem_fw-la abituram_fw-la that_o without_o bloodshed_n the_o thing_n will_v be_v go_v and_o although_o almost_o all_o both_o divine_n and_o lawyer_n do_v at_o this_o day_n maintain_v that_o to_o kill_v he_o that_o shall_v attempt_v to_o rob_v we_o of_o our_o good_n be_v lawful_a even_o beyond_o those_o limit_a bound_n wherein_o the_o jewish_a and_o roman_a law_n permit_v it_o as_o namely_o in_o case_n the_o thief_n be_v possess_v of_o our_o good_n do_v fly_v yet_o that_o this_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n in_o the_o primitive_a time_n i_o can_v doubt_v 1._o de_fw-fr lib._n arb._n l._n 1._o neither_o do_v st._n augustin_n think_v otherwise_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o his_o own_o word_n quomodo_fw-la apud_fw-la divinam_fw-la providentiam_fw-la à _fw-la peccato_fw-la liberi_fw-la sunt_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la his_fw-la rebus_fw-la quas_fw-la contemni_fw-la oportet_fw-la humana_fw-la caede_fw-la polluti_fw-la sunt_fw-la how_o can_v they_o appear_v innocent_a before_o god_n tribunal_n who_o for_o thing_n not_o worthy_a a_o christian_n care_n can_v pollute_v themselves_o with_o humane_a blood_n but_o doubtless_o in_o this_o as_o in_o many_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n cum_fw-la tempore_fw-la laxata_fw-la est_fw-la disciplina_fw-la the_o ancient_a discipline_n of_o the_o church_n be_v through_o age_n grow_v feeble_a and_o by_o little_a and_o little_a instead_o of_o fit_v our_o life_n to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o gospel_n we_o expound_v those_o evangelical_n precept_n in_o favour_n to_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o age_n we_o live_v in_o this_o ancient_a discipline_n although_o almost_o forget_v among_o the_o laity_n ☞_o ☞_o yet_o be_v wont_v heretofore_o to_o be_v strict_o observe_v by_o the_o clergy_n but_o now_o it_o be_v almost_o if_o not_o altogether_o lay_v aside_o by_o these_o also_o thus_o st._n jerom_n
complain_v in_o the_o life_n of_o malchus_n 1._o malchus_n 4_o vid._n c._n sâ—scepimus_fw-la de_fw-fr homicide_n voluntario_fw-la &_o canon_n de_fw-mi his_o dist_n 1._o after_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n begin_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o christian_a prince_n she_o grow_v outward_o indeed_o more_o splendid_a but_o inward_o less_o virtuous_a fourteen_o whether_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v permit_v only_o or_o approve_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o intersection_n it_o be_v question_v by_o some_o whether_o the_o law_n at_o least_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o it_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n in_o such_o case_n wherein_o it_o suffer_v a_o private_a person_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n do_v so_o far_o legitimate_a the_o fact_n as_o to_o make_v it_o altogether_o blameless_a but_o this_o i_o can_v grant_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o law_n itself_o have_v not_o the_o power_n of_o death_n over_o all_o its_o subject_n for_o every_o offence_n but_o for_o such_o crime_n only_o as_o deserve_v death_n and_o very_o probable_a be_v the_o opinion_n of_o scotus_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o adjudge_v any_o man_n to_o death_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o such_o crime_n as_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n punish_v with_o death_n with_o this_o addition_n only_o or_o for_o such_o crime_n as_o may_v be_v equal_o emballance_v with_o they_o neither_o do_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o will_n of_o god_n which_o alone_o can_v satisfy_v the_o mind_n concern_v this_o so_o great_a and_o weighty_a a_o matter_n so_o plain_o elsewhere_o appear_v as_o it_o do_v in_o that_o law_n of_o moses_n whereby_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o adjudge_v unto_o death_n beside_o the_o law_n neither_o aught_o nor_o usual_o do_v give_v unto_o any_o man_n a_o right_a to_o put_v a_o malefactor_n to_o death_n private_o though_o he_o deserve_v it_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o great_a and_o horrible_a crime_n otherwise_o the_o authority_n of_o magistrate_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n will_v soon_o dwindle_v to_o nothing_o wherefore_o when_o the_o law_n licentiate_n a_o man_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o it_o rather_o tolerate_v than_o approve_v of_o the_o fact_n and_o that_o it_o acquit_v he_o only_o of_o the_o punishment_n but_o not_o that_o it_o give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o do_v it_o xv._o single_a combat_n when_o lawful_a from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v we_o may_v collect_v that_o in_o two_o case_n single_a combat_n may_v be_v undertake_v by_o private_a man_n without_o sin_n in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o the_o challenger_n shall_v grant_v his_o adversary_n a_o licence_n to_o sight_n and_o otherwise_o threaten_v to_o kill_v he_o immediate_o in_o case_n he_o refuse_v in_o the_o next_o place_n when_o a_o king_n or_o a_o magistrate_n shall_v give_v licence_n to_o two_o malefactor_n equal_o deserve_v death_n to_o try_v it_o out_o by_o combat_n whether_o of_o they_o shall_v live_v and_o he_o that_o do_v so_o do_v not_o so_o right_o perform_v his_o duty_n as_o he_o may_v for_o it_o be_v much_o better_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o satisfy_v himself_o with_o the_o death_n of_o one_o only_a to_o determine_v which_o of_o they_o shall_v die_v by_o lot_n xvi_o of_o defence_n in_o a_o public_a war._n what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v concern_v the_o right_o we_o have_v to_o defend_v our_o person_n and_o good_n belong_v principal_o to_o private_a war_n yet_o so_o as_o it_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o public_a some_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v between_o they_o so_o say_v ammianus_n to_o all_o that_o be_v invade_v by_o a_o foreign_a power_n 5._o lib._n 23._o lib._n 5._o there_o be_v but_o one_o law_n and_o that_o perpetual_a namely_o by_o all_o possible_a mean_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o safety_n notwithstanding_o the_o force_n of_o any_o custom_n for_o as_o alâ—xâ—nder_v in_o herodotus_n tell_v his_o soldier_n he_o that_o be_v the_o aggressor_n have_v no_o colourable_a excuse_n for_o his_o injustice_n but_o he_o that_o defend_v himself_o only_o gather_v courage_n from_o a_o good_a conscience_n and_o fortify_v his_o hope_n in_o this_o that_o he_o do_v not_o infer_v a_o injury_n but_o repel_v one_o now_o in_o a_o private_a war_n this_o right_n of_o kill_v another_o be_v but_o momentany_a and_o determine_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o a_o judge_n but_o in_o a_o public_a war_n which_o begin_v not_o till_o justice_n and_o judgement_n cease_v there_o this_o right_n last_v long_o be_v foment_v and_o perpetuate_v by_o such_o accident_n damage_n and_o wrong_n as_o be_v every_o day_n renew_v in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o war._n beside_o in_o a_o private_a war_n we_o have_v scarce_o any_o other_o end_n than_o our_o own_o defence_n but_o the_o supreme_a power_n have_v a_o right_n not_o only_o to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o to_o be_v avenge_v on_o other_o whence_o it_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a for_o they_o not_o only_o to_o resist_v certain_a and_o present_a danger_n but_o to_o prevent_v such_o as_o seem_v to_o threaten_v afar_o off_o not_o direct_o for_o that_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v injustice_n but_o indirect_o by_o revenge_v such_o wrong_n as_o be_v already_o begin_v although_o not_o â—uâ—ly_o consummate_v concern_v which_o we_o shall_v have_v cause_n to_o speak_v anon_o xvii_o when_o only_o to_o curb_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n unlawful_a neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o that_o which_o some_o author_n do_v affirm_v for_o truth_n namely_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o a_o just_a war_n to_o suppress_v the_o overswell_a power_n of_o some_o ambitious_a prince_n who_o if_o let_v alone_o may_v exceed_o annoy_v we_o that_o in_o our_o ordinary_a council_n of_o war_n 14._o alb._n gent._n lib._n 1._o c._n 14._o this_o usual_o come_v in_o debate_n i_o grant_v but_o not_o so_o much_o under_o this_o notion_n because_o it_o be_v just_o but_o as_o it_o be_v profitable_a so_o that_o in_o case_n the_o war_n for_o other_o cause_n be_v just_a for_o this_o cause_n it_o may_v prudential_o be_v undertake_v and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o the_o author_n before_o cite_v do_v in_o effect_n say_v but_o from_o a_o mere_a possibility_n that_o we_o may_v hereafter_o suffer_v wrong_a to_o conclude_v a_o present_a right_n or_o a_o necessity_n of_o do_v wrong_n will_v prove_v no_o good_a inference_n in_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n divis_fw-la bal._n lib._n 3._o the_o rer_n divis_fw-la for_o all_o humane_a affair_n be_v obnoxius_fw-la to_o so_o many_o contingency_n that_o no_o security_n can_v be_v expect_v in_o this_o life_n against_o all_o uncertain_a and_o ignote_n danger_n our_o safety_n consist_v not_o in_o our_o arm_n but_o in_o our_o innoxious_a prudence_n co_fw-la operate_n with_o the_o divine_a providence_n xviii_o defence_n in_o such_o as_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o war_n unlawful_a nor_o less_o unsatisfied_a be_o i_o with_o their_o reason_n who_o affirm_v that_o their_o defence_n be_v just_a who_o have_v give_v a_o occasion_n of_o a_o just_a war._n because_o say_v they_o there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o will_v be_v content_v with_o such_o a_o measure_n of_o revenge_n as_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o injury_n they_o have_v receive_v for_o this_o very_a fear_n of_o what_o be_v to_o come_v be_v uncertain_a can_v justify_v we_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o injury_n already_o do_v for_o so_o the_o malefactor_n may_v justify_v his_o resistance_n of_o the_o public_a minister_n of_o justice_n by_o his_o fear_n that_o they_o will_v inflict_v a_o great_a punishment_n upon_o he_o than_o his_o crime_n deserve_v but_o he_o that_o give_v just_a cause_n of_o offence_n aught_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o tender_v such_o satisfaction_n as_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o unbiased_a man_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o wrong_n do_v which_o if_o refuse_v then_o be_v his_o defence_n just_o 19_o 2_o king_n 18.7_o 14._o etc._n etc._n 19_o thus_o do_v hezekiah_n who_o for_o break_v the_o league_n which_o his_o ancestor_n have_v make_v with_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n be_v threaten_v with_o war_n confess_v his_o fault_n and_o promise_v to_o pay_v whatsoever_o the_o say_a king_n shall_v impose_v upon_o he_o which_o be_v do_v when_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v afterward_o invade_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n trust_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o make_v his_o defence_n and_o have_v the_o most_o high_a god_n for_o his_o protector_n pontius_n samnis_n after_o he_o have_v make_v restitution_n to_o the_o roman_n of_o their_o good_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n plead_v thus_o with_o they_o we_o have_v i_o hope_v appease_v the_o just_a wrath_n of_o heaven_n against_o we_o for_o our_o breach_n of_o the_o league_n and_o be_o
so_o to_o do_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o dominion_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n queen_n mary_n let_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o 1000_o l._n yearly_a rent_n to_o be_v pay_v into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n the_o hans-town_n have_v liberty_n of_o fish_v grant_v they_o in_o those_o sea_n 1_o mar._n upon_o some_o condition_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n and_o for_o the_o fish_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n merchant_n nature_n law_n merchant_n licence_n be_v usual_o grant_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n king_n james_n set_v out_o a_o proclamation_n 1609._o to_o restrain_v all_o stranger_n from_o fish_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n without_o licence_n to_o be_v yearly_o grant_v can_v be_v claim_v by_o any_o people_n as_o their_o peculiar_a right_n xi_o how_o such_o possession_n be_v gain_v and_o how_o long_o it_o last_v but_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v not_o yet_o receive_v or_o now_o abolish_v the_o bare_a possession_n of_o the_o coast_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o entitle_v any_o people_n to_o a_o right_n in_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v nor_o be_v it_o enough_o for_o a_o prince_n to_o conceive_v or_o to_o write_v himself_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n unless_o by_o some_o overt_a act_n he_o proclaim_v himself_o to_o be_v so_o beside_o that_o dominion_n that_o be_v acquire_v by_o occupancy_n may_v be_v desert_v and_o then_o the_o sea_n return_v to_o its_o pristine_a nature_n and_o be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o shore_n be_v be_v destitute_a of_o building_n and_o as_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v in_o creek_n of_o a_o river_n as_o pomponius_n note_v xii_o such_o occapancy_n hinder_v not_o our_o right_n to_o traffic_n innocent_o by_o sea_n but_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o occupancy_n extend_v not_o so_o far_o as_o to_o give_v a_o right_n to_o impede_fw-la any_o nation_n from_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o free_a passage_n so_o as_o it_o be_v mere_o for_o innocent_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n but_o not_o for_o depredation_n or_o such_o like_a act_n of_o hostility_n see_v that_o even_o by_o land_n we_o allow_v the_o like_a freedom_n of_o passage_n which_o usual_o be_v less_o necessary_a and_o more_o offensive_a xiii_o that_o the_o sovereignty_n over_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v possess_v and_o how_o but_o that_o the_o sole_a sovereignty_n over_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o other_o propriety_n may_v be_v hold_v may_v more_o easy_o be_v evince_v neither_o as_o i_o suppose_v can_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v gainsay_v it_o the_o argive_n charge_v it_o upon_o the_o athenian_n as_o a_o manifest_a breach_n of_o their_o league_n for_o that_o they_o have_v suffer_v the_o spartan_n be_v their_o enemy_n to_o pass_v through_o their_o sea_n unmolested_a whereas_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v against_o in_o the_o say_a league_n that_o neither_o party_n shall_v permit_v the_o other_o enemy_n to_o pass_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d through_o any_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n 6._o lib._n 6._o and_o as_o thucydides_n record_v it_o when_o the_o grecian_n have_v make_v a_o truce_n for_o some_o year_n in_o the_o peloponesian_a war_n it_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o megarense_n that_o they_o may_v free_o and_o safe_o pass_v through_o their_o own_o and_o their_o confederate_n sea_n so_o likewise_o dion_n cassius_n describe_v some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v it_o thus_o all_o that_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o themistius_n also_o concern_v the_o roman_a emperor_n say_v that_o his_o dominion_n reach_v over_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o oppianus_n to_o the_o emperor_n the_o sea_n do_v know_v not_o other_o law_n but_o thou_o dion_n prusaeensis_n among_o the_o many_o privilege_n give_v by_o augustus_n unto_o the_o city_n of_o tarsis_n add_v this_o that_o he_o give_v they_o the_o dominion_n over_o the_o river_n cydnus_n 2._o philip_n 2._o and_o over_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v thereunto_o demosthenes_n say_v that_o the_o lacedaemonian_n govern_v all_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o life_n of_o timotheus_n relate_v that_o after_o such_o a_o time_n the_o lacedaemonian_n lay_v down_o their_o long_a continue_a claim_n and_o voluntary_o yield_v unto_o the_o athenian_n the_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o sea_n curtius_n of_o the_o city_n of_o tyra_n say_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n that_o she_o sit_v as_o queen_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n extend_v her_o dominion_n not_o to_o her_o neighbour_a sea_n only_o but_o to_o all_o other_o whithersoever_o her_o fleet_n shall_v ride_v philo_z the_o jew_n discourse_v of_o king_n say_v that_o they_o add_v to_o their_o possession_n sea_n infinite_a in_o number_n and_o extent_n so_o he_o that_o pen_v that_o oration_n concern_v halonesus_n which_o be_v insert_v among_o those_o of_o demosthenes_n speak_v of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n say_v all_o that_o he_o desire_v of_o we_o be_v that_o we_o will_v confess_v ourselves_o unable_a to_o defend_v the_o sea_n without_o he_o and_o therefore_o that_o we_o will_v put_v he_o into_o the_o possession_n of_o they_o and_o the_o emperor_n julian_n speak_v of_o alexander_n say_v that_o he_o endeavour_v by_o that_o war_n to_o make_v himself_o lord_n both_o of_o sea_n and_o land_n now_o what_o alexander_n endeavour_v to_o do_v his_o successor_n antiochus_n claim_v as_o his_o right_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o speech_n of_o he_o in_o gorionides_n nun_n terra_fw-la &_o mare_fw-la mea_fw-la sunt_fw-la be_v not_o both_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n we_o so_o also_o do_v his_o other_o successor_n ptolemy_n if_o theocritus_n deceive_v we_o not_o over_o many_o sea_n and_o land_n his_o empire_n reach_v and_o again_o all_o land_n and_o sea_n and_o roar_a river_n lie_v under_o the_o empire_n of_o king_n ptolemy_n now_o let_v we_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o roman_n hannibal_n himself_o thus_o bespeak_v scipio_n the_o great_a we_o carthaginian_n be_v confine_v within_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n while_o you_o roman_n be_v know_v to_o lord_n it_o over_o foreign_a kingdom_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o of_o the_o lesser_a scipio_n claudian_n write_v thus_o with_o rome_n great_a power_n first_o in_o revenge_n he_o awe_v the_o spanish_a ocean_n under_o roman_a law_n all_o the_o roman_a historian_n do_v every_o where_o call_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n their_o own_o as_o sallust_n florus_n mela_n and_o other_o but_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n own_v they_o as_o lord_n not_o of_o the_o inland_n sea_n only_o which_o he_o bound_v with_o hercules_n pillar_n but_o of_o the_o ocean_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a for_o man_n and_o ship_n to_o sail_v and_o cassius_n grant_v that_o their_o empire_n extend_v almost_o as_o far_o as_o there_o be_v either_o sea_n or_o land_n appian_n describe_v the_o vastness_n of_o their_o power_n assign_v unto_o they_o the_o euxine_a the_o propontis_n the_o hellespont_n the_o aegaean_a the_o pamphilian_a and_o the_o egyptian_a sea_n and_o plutarch_n make_v pompey_n lord_n of_o all_o that_o sea_n that_o lie_v within_o hercules_n pillar_n so_o do_v appian_n this_o also_o do_v philo_n against_o flaccus_n acknowledge_v since_o which_o say_v he_o the_o family_n of_o the_o caesar_n have_v get_v the_o empire_n both_o of_o sea_n and_o land_n ovid_n also_o speak_v of_o augustus_n caesar_n say_v pontus_n quoque_fw-la serviet_fw-la illi_fw-la even_o the_o sea_n shall_v he_o obey_v and_o suetonius_n likewise_o record_v it_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o same_o augustus_n that_o during_o his_o reign_n the_o temple_n of_o janus_n be_v twice_o shut_v up_o he_o have_v so_o often_o make_v peace_n with_o all_o nation_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o augustus_n keep_v constant_o two_o great_a fleet_n the_o one_o at_o misenus_n the_o other_o at_o ravenna_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o nether_a sea_n so_o also_o valerius_n maximus_n tell_v tiberius_n that_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o both_o god_n and_o man_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v commit_v to_o he_o the_o very_a same_o do_v philo_n testify_v of_o the_o say_v tiberius_n that_o his_o empire_n comprehend_v both_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o therefore_o josephus_n style_v vespasian_n terrae_fw-la marisque_fw-la dominum_fw-la the_o lord_n of_o sea_n and_o land_n the_o like_a do_v aristides_n in_o many_o place_n attribute_v to_o antoninus_n the_o emperor_n procopius_n tell_v we_o of_o several_a statue_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n erect_v in_o many_o place_n as_o hold_v in_o his_o hand_n
conditione_n to_o some_o thing_n man_n may_v have_v a_o right_n though_o with_o some_o restraint_n and_o limitation_n to_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o dion_n prusaensis_n there_o be_v many_o way_n and_o those_o very_a discrepant_a whereby_o thing_n may_v be_v call_v we_o for_o a_o right_n we_o may_v have_v to_o a_o thing_n although_o we_o can_v neither_o alienate_v it_o nor_o use_v it_o at_o our_o own_o pleasure_n the_o like_a i_o find_v in_o strabo_n dominus_fw-la fuit_fw-la dempto_fw-la vendendi_fw-la jure_fw-la it_o be_v his_o by_o right_n yet_o have_v he_o no_o power_n to_o sell_v it_o now_o very_o opposite_a to_o what_o have_v be_v here_o say_v germ._n de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la germ._n be_v that_o which_o tacitus_n record_v of_o the_o german_n who_o consign_v to_o such_o a_o number_n of_o people_n such_o a_o proportion_n of_o their_o field_n to_o inhabit_v which_o they_o present_o divide_v apportion_v to_o every_o man_n according_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o esteem_v they_o have_v of_o he_o by_o which_o mean_v see_v that_o every_o man_n estate_n depend_v on_o the_o public_a if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o shall_v fall_v out_o that_o any_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a want_v a_o owner_n it_o be_v not_o his_o that_o can_v next_o seize_v it_o but_o it_o escheat_v either_o to_o the_o people_n in_o general_n or_o to_o some_o superior_a lord_n and_o thus_o we_o read_v that_o in_o some_o place_n the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o die_v without_o child_n be_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a magistrate_n appoint_v to_o administer_v they_o for_o so_o eustathius_n interpret_v that_o of_o homer_n partiebanter_n opes_fw-la rectores_fw-la vrbis_fw-la the_o city_n ruler_n do_v his_o wealth_n divide_v some_o such_o law_n as_o history_n inform_v we_o there_o be_v ancient_o in_o force_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mexico_n and_o haply_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v have_v introduce_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o right_n in_o some_o other_o such_o like_a case_n as_o we_o have_v now_o begin_v to_o observe_v chap._n iu._n of_o a_o presume_v dereliction_n and_o the_o follow_a occupancy_n and_o wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o prescription_n and_o usucapion_n note_v usucapion_n respect_v thing_n movable_a prescription_n thing_n immovable_a the_o former_a must_v be_v three_o year_n possess_v the_o latter_a ten_o but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a twenty_o i._o why_o vsucapion_n or_o prescription_n strict_o take_v be_v of_o no_o force_n among_o diverse_a nation_n or_o their_o governor_n ii_o yet_o among_o these_o be_v usual_o plead_v long_a possession_n iii_o the_o reason_n draw_v from_o humane_a conjecture_n and_o those_o not_o from_o word_n only_o iu._n but_o from_o deed_n do_v v._o and_o from_o some_o leave_v undo_v vi_o how_o time_n join_v with_o non_fw-la possession_n and_o a_o non-claim_a be_v sufficient_a to_o ground_v our_o conjecture_n of_o a_o dereliction_n vii_o ordinary_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n suffice_v for_o such_o a_o conjecture_n and_o what_o that_o time_n be_v viii_o a_o objection_n answer_v ix_o that_o set_v aside_o conjecture_n even_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n dominion_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v transfer_v by_o possession_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n x._o whether_o the_o right_a of_o such_o as_o be_v unborn_a may_v be_v thus_o take_v away_o xi_o that_o even_o the_o right_n of_o sovereign_a power_n may_v be_v thus_o gain_v by_o either_o king_n or_o people_n xii_o whether_o the_o civil_a law_n concern_v vsucapion_n and_o prescription_n do_v bound_v they_o that_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xiii_o what_o right_n do_v either_o separable_o or_o communicable_o adhere_v to_o the_o supreme_a power_n may_v be_v either_o get_v or_o lose_v by_o vsucapion_n or_o prescription_n fourteen_o that_o subject_n may_v at_o any_o time_n lawful_o assert_v their_o own_o liberty_n refute_v xv._o those_o right_n that_o be_v mere_o in_o our_o own_o power_n no_o time_n can_v take_v away_o i._o long_n possession_n of_o no_o force_n among_o different_a nation_n a_o notable_a question_n do_v here_o arise_v concern_v a_o long_a continue_a possession_n for_o see_v it_o be_v the_o civil_a law_n that_o give_v life_n and_o be_v to_o this_o right_n for_o time_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n have_v no_o effective_a power_n for_o nothing_o be_v do_v by_o time_n although_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v not_o do_v in_o time_n tempore_fw-la time_n nihil_fw-la fit_a à _fw-la tempore_fw-la quamvis_fw-la nihil_fw-la non_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la tempore_fw-la it_o can_v be_v of_o no_o source_n as_o vasquius_fw-la observe_v between_o two_o free_a nation_n or_o king_n nor_o between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o free_a people_n no_o nor_o between_o a_o king_n and_o the_o subject_a of_o another_o prince_n nor_o yet_o between_o two_o private_a subject_n of_o two_o several_a king_n or_o people_n thus_o be_v the_o english_a commissioner_n answer_v demand_v calais_n upon_o the_o prescription_n of_o two_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n that_o prescription_n of_o time_n take_v no_o place_n among_o prince_n camd._n an._n reg._n eliz._n 10._o for_o as_o we_o read_v among_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n aeterna_fw-la authoritas_fw-la cum_fw-la host_n isto_fw-la our_o claim_n against_o a_o enemy_n i._n e._n a_o foreigner_n be_v everlasting_a so_o likewise_o in_o thing_n steal_v the_o right_a owner_n never_o lose_v his_o property_n for_o the_o word_n authority_n in_o that_o place_n signify_v the_o right_a of_o dominion_n which_o hold_v true_a unless_o it_o be_v when_o either_o the_o thing_n or_o act_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o territory_n but_o yet_o in_o admit_v this_o one_o main_a inconvenience_n will_v ensue_v namely_o that_o title_n to_o kingdom_n and_o controversy_n concern_v their_o bound_n will_v never_o be_v at_o a_o end_n which_o will_v not_o only_o procure_v much_o trouble_n and_o perturbation_n of_o mind_n among_o many_o and_o occasion_n matter_n for_o war_n but_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o all_o nation_n ii_o yet_o it_o be_v sometime_o plead_v by_o they_o for_o both_o jephtha_n in_o the_o sacred_a story_n defend_v his_o title_n against_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o ammonite_n unto_o all_o that_o land_n lie_v between_o arnon_n and_o jabock_n and_o from_o the_o arabian_a desert_n unto_o jordan_n by_o a_o uninterrupted_a possession_n for_o three_o hundred_o year_n and_o demand_n of_o he_o why_o in_o so_o long_a a_o time_n neither_o he_o nor_o his_o ancestor_n do_v ever_o challenge_v those_o land_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n also_o in_o isocrates_n urge_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n most_o certain_a and_o grant_v by_o all_o nation_n that_o public_a possession_n as_o well_o as_o private_a may_v by_o long_a continuance_n take_v so_o deep_a root_n and_o be_v so_o strong_o confirm_v that_o they_o can_v never_o be_v recover_v by_o which_o right_o they_o dismiss_v those_o that_o come_v to_o demand_v massena_n and_o thus_o do_v the_o same_o isocrates_n urge_v it_o against_o king_n philip_n that_o length_n of_o time_n have_v render_v the_o title_n indisputable_a and_o upon_o this_o very_a account_n it_o be_v that_o the_o latter_a philip_n tell_v titus_n quintius_n that_o as_o for_o those_o city_n which_o he_o have_v take_v by_o the_o sword_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o set_v they_o free_a but_o for_o those_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o his_o ancestor_n by_o a_o just_a and_o hereditary_a right_n of_o possession_n he_o will_v not_o relinquish_v they_o sulpitius_n plead_v against_o antiochus_n show_v that_o because_o the_o grecian_n have_v sometime_o serve_v in_o asia_n therefore_o to_o endeavour_v by_o war_n after_o so_o many_o year_n past_a to_o reduce_v they_o again_o into_o bondage_n be_v very_o unjust_a 6._o tac._n anr._n l._n 6._o and_o nothing_o among_o historian_n be_v repute_v more_o vain_a and_o foolish_a 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr off_z l._n 2._o than_o to_o require_v thing_n long_o out_o of_o possession_n to_o the_o like_a purpose_n be_v that_o of_o cicero_n with_o what_o colour_n of_o justice_n can_v we_o deprive_v he_o of_o those_o land_n whereof_o for_o so_o many_o year_n nay_o age_n past_a he_o have_v be_v quiet_o possess_v and_o that_o also_o of_o florus_n 13._o lib._n 3._o c._n 13._o their_o country_n notwithstanding_o which_o their_o ancestor_n have_v leave_v they_o they_o hold_v as_o firm_o by_o prescription_n as_o if_o it_o have_v descend_v unto_o they_o by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n iii_o how_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v forsake_v what_o then_o shall_v we_o say_v the_o effect_n of_o right_n that_o depend_v upon_o the_o mind_n can_v notwithstanding_o by_o the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v obtain_v unless_o that_o act_n be_v declare_v by_o some_o overt_a sign_n for_o to_o attribute_v so_o much_o of_o efficacy_n to_o the_o bare_a act_n of_o
consent_n a_o man_n have_v over_o his_o adopt_a son_n xxvii_o of_o the_o right_a that_o lord_n have_v over_o their_o servant_n xxviii_o how_o far_o this_o right_n extend_v as_o to_o life_n and_o death_n xxix_o what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n determine_v as_o to_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v unto_o servant_n xxx_o of_o servitude_n there_o be_v divers_a kind_n xxxi_o what_o power_n by_o consent_n one_o nation_n have_v over_o another_o that_o free_o subject_n itself_o xxxii_o what_o right_a be_v acquire_v over_o person_n for_o some_o crime_n commit_v i._o the_o right_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n a_o kind_a of_o right_n may_v be_v gain_v over_o person_n as_o well_o as_o thing_n and_o that_o either_o by_o generation_n by_o consent_n or_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o some_o delinquency_n by_o generation_n so_o both_o the_o parent_n have_v equal_a right_n over_o their_o child_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o they_o differ_v in_o their_o command_n the_o father_n as_o be_v of_o the_o more_o noble_a sex_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v before_o the_o mother_n of_o this_o mind_n be_v st._n chrysostom_n 11.3_o 1_o cor._n 11.3_o it_o be_v expedient_a say_v he_o that_o the_o wife_n shall_v be_v subject_a unto_o she_o own_o husband_n for_o equality_n in_o honour_n beget_v quarrel_n and_o st._n augustine_n also_o a_o son_n bear_v in_o lawful_a wedlock_n 191._o ep._n 191._o be_v more_o at_o the_o command_n of_o his_o father_n than_o of_o his_o mother_n ii_o this_o right_n differ_v according_a to_o the_o age_n and_o discretion_n of_o their_o child_n in_o child_n we_o must_v distinguish_v their_o three_o different_a time_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o their_o infancy_n whilst_o they_o be_v of_o unripe_a judgement_n not_o able_a to_o know_v good_a from_o evil_n not_o to_o distinguish_v truth_n from_o error_n the_o second_o be_v when_o they_o grow_v to_o ripe_a judgement_n but_o yet_o continue_v in_o their_o father_n family_n the_o three_o period_n be_v this_o when_o they_o be_v separate_v from_o their_o father_n and_o have_v family_n of_o their_o own_o during_o the_o first_o of_o these_o all_o the_o action_n of_o the_o child_n ought_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o parent_n for_o it_o be_v but_o equal_a that_o he_o that_o can_v govern_v himself_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o another_o 6._o vide_fw-la supra_fw-la c._n 3._o §._o 6._o and_o natural_o there_o be_v none_o so_o fit_a to_o govern_v the_o child_n as_o the_o parent_n and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o child_n be_v then_o capable_a of_o inherit_v a_o estate_n though_o he_o be_v just_o restrain_v from_o manage_v of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o immature_n judgement_n this_o be_v plutarch_n observation_n where_o he_o say_v 2._o de_fw-fr fort_fw-fr alex._n lib._n 2._o that_o child_n have_v a_o right_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o inheritance_n but_o not_o to_o the_o use_n of_o it_o neither_o be_v it_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o all_o that_o be_v the_o child_n shall_v be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o parent_n but_o from_o the_o law_n of_o some_o people_n which_o do_v in_o this_o case_n sometime_o distinguish_v the_o father_n from_o the_o mother_n as_o they_o do_v also_o between_o their_o bond_n and_o free_a child_n and_o between_o the_o natural_a issue_n and_o legitimate_a of_o which_o distinction_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n take_v no_o cognizance_n except_o only_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o sex_n where_o both_o parent_n contend_v who_o shall_v command_v the_o child_n iii_o the_o second_o period_n while_o the_o child_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parent_n family_n in_o the_o second_o period_n when_o the_o child_n judgement_n be_v ripen_v with_o his_o year_n yet_o abide_v in_o his_o father_n house_n those_o action_n of_o the_o child_n only_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o command_n of_o his_o parent_n that_o be_v of_o moment_n to_o the_o well_o order_v of_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o father_n or_o of_o his_o mother_n family_n for_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o every_o part_n shall_v endeavour_v the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o in_o his_o other_o action_n he_o have_v a_o moral_a power_n to_o do_v whatsoever_o his_o own_o judgement_n shall_v guide_v he_o to_o provide_v that_o in_o all_o thing_n he_o endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o please_v his_o parent_n but_o because_o this_o be_v a_o debt_n arise_v not_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o moral_a faculty_n as_o those_o above_o but_o from_o the_o duty_n of_o piety_n reverence_n and_o gratitude_n it_o can_v make_v void_a those_o action_n of_o he_o that_o be_v otherwise_o do_v no_o more_o than_o it_o will_v suffice_v to_o avoid_v any_o grant_n or_o gift_n give_v by_o the_o right_a owner_n to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o parsimony_n iv_o of_o parent_n coercive_a power_n during_o both_o these_o space_n of_o time_n parent_n have_v a_o right_v not_o to_o govern_v only_o but_o to_o punish_v and_o to_o enforce_v obedience_n from_o their_o child_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v either_o compel_v to_o their_o duty_n or_o to_o reform_v what_o be_v amiss_o but_o as_o to_o great_a punishment_n we_o shall_v discourse_v elsewhere_o v._o their_o power_n to_o sell_v they_o although_o the_o paternal_a right_n be_v so_o inherent_a in_o the_o father_n person_n as_o that_o it_o can_v no_o way_n be_v either_o take_v from_o he_o or_o transfer_v to_o another_o yet_o natural_o if_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o restrain_v the_o father_n have_v power_n to_o pawn_v or_o if_o necessity_n so_o require_v to_o sell_v his_o son_n goth._n hist_o goth._n if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o way_n or_o mean_n to_o maintain_v he_o thus_o the_o goth_n as_o jornandes_n record_v solicitous_a of_o their_o child_n safety_n choose_v rather_o to_o preserve_v their_o life_n than_o their_o liberty_n and_o therefore_o in_o compassion_n think_v it_o better_a to_o sell_v they_o to_o be_v keep_v and_o nourish_v as_o slave_n than_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o die_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o freedom_n which_o right_o other_o nation_n seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o that_o old_a theban_a law_n recite_v by_o aelian_a which_o also_o seem_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o phoenician_n 2._o lib._n 2._o and_o also_o from_o the_o hebrew_n and_o by_o they_o to_o the_o grecian_n as_o apollonius_n observe_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o domitian_n for_o nature_n itself_o be_v presume_v to_o give_v we_o a_o right_a to_o all_o that_o without_o which_o that_o which_o she_o command_v can_v be_v obtain_v vi_o their_o power_n over_o they_o when_o separate_a from_o they_o in_o the_o three_o space_n or_o period_n that_o be_v when_o the_o child_n be_v grow_v to_o maturity_n and_o in_o another_o family_n by_o themselves_o then_o they_o be_v free_a to_o do_v what_o please_v themselves_o always_o pay_v the_o duty_n of_o piety_n and_o reverence_n to_o they_o which_o be_v a_o obligation_n never_o to_o be_v cancel_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o act_n of_o king_n be_v not_o therefore_o null_v because_o their_o parent_n be_v live_v vii_o the_o right_n of_o parent_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a what_o power_n parent_n have_v over_o their_o child_n more_o or_o less_o than_o this_o they_o derive_v from_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o man_n which_o in_o all_o nation_n be_v not_o the_o same_o so_o by_o that_o right_n that_o god_n give_v unto_o the_o hebrew_n the_o power_n of_o a_o father_n to_o null_a the_o vow_n of_o his_o son_n and_o daughter_n be_v not_o perpetual_a but_o only_o during_o their_o abode_n in_o their_o father_n family_n as_o may_v appear_v numb_a 30.2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o verses_z for_o otherwise_o the_o son_n be_v part_v from_o his_o father_n have_v power_n at_o thirteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o bind_v himself_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o parent_n the_o roman_a citizen_n be_v father_n have_v a_o peculiar_a power_n over_o their_o son_n though_o they_o be_v head_n of_o their_o own_o family_n 3._o the_o roman_n give_v as_o much_o power_n over_o their_o son_n as_o over_o slave_n pyrrhoniorum_fw-la 3._o before_o they_o be_v make_v free_a which_o power_n they_o themselves_o confess_v that_o other_o people_n have_v not_o over_o they_o so_o say_v sextus_n empericus_n the_o roman_a lawgiver_n give_v as_o much_o power_n to_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n as_o over_o their_o slave_n for_o the_o good_n of_o the_o child_n be_v not_o repute_v they_o but_o their_o parent_n until_o they_o be_v manumit_v in_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n as_o their_o slave_n be_v which_o other_o lawmaker_n reject_v as_o tyrannical_a the_o like_a do_v philo_n record_v of_o they_o all_o manner_n of_o power_n over_o the_o son_n be_v by_o the_o roman_n give_v to_o the_o father_n
legatione_n in_o legatione_n the_o same_o do_v simplicius_n testify_v the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n respect_v as_o well_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o father_n as_o their_o great_a pain_n and_o care_n in_o the_o education_n of_o their_o child_n the_o better_a to_o tie_v they_o up_o in_o the_o strict_a bond_n of_o obedience_n without_o exception_n yet_o as_o i_o believe_v presume_v upon_o their_o natural_a assection_n et_fw-la venundandi_fw-la si_fw-la vellent_fw-la &_o impunè_fw-la interficiendi_fw-la parentibus_fw-la jus_o dederunt_fw-la give_v the_o parent_n absolute_a power_n either_o to_o sell_v or_o if_o they_o will_v to_o kill_v their_o own_o child_n the_o like_a power_n give_v to_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n by_o the_o persian_n aristotle_n condemn_v as_o tyrannical_a which_o i_o be_v therefore_o willing_a to_o insert_v that_o so_o we_o may_v the_o more_o exact_o distinguish_v between_o the_o natural_a and_o civil_a right_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n viii_o a_o right_n over_o person_n by_o consent_n of_o a_o husband_n over_o his_o wife_n the_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v over_o person_n by_o consent_n be_v gain_v either_o by_o consociation_n or_o by_o subjection_n of_o that_o which_o arise_v from_o consociation_n the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o of_o wedlock_n wherein_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a yet_o the_o right_n of_o command_n which_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o husband_n as_o be_v of_o the_o noble_a sex_n be_v not_o common_a for_o he_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o wife_n as_o well_o in_o conjugal_a as_o in_o household_n affair_n for_o the_o wife_n be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o husband_n family_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o husband_n right_o to_o appoint_v law_n in_o his_o own_o house_n but_o what_o power_n soever_o it_o be_v that_o be_v give_v to_o the_o husband_n beyond_o this_o as_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n the_o husband_n have_v power_n to_o make_v void_a all_o the_o vow_n make_v by_o his_o wife_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o some_o people_n he_o have_v power_n to_o sell_v away_o all_o his_o wife_n good_n this_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o man_n and_o here_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o we_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o matrimony_n what_o matrimony_n what_o and_o we_o find_v marriage_n take_v natural_o to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o such_o a_o cohabitation_n of_o a_o man_n with_o a_o woman_n as_o placeth_z the_o woman_n as_o it_o be_v under_o the_o eye_n that_o be_v under_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o man_n for_o such_o a_o consociation_n we_o may_v observe_v to_o be_v among_o dumb_a creature_n but_o because_o man_n be_v govern_v by_o reason_n therefore_o it_o be_v require_v from_o the_o woman_n that_o she_o be_v faithful_a and_o obedient_a unto_o her_o husband_n for_o subjection_n be_v rational_o due_a to_o protection_n ix_o whether_o the_o tie_n of_o one_o man_n to_o one_o woman_n inseparable_o be_v by_o the_o natural_a or_o evangelical_n law_n only_o sure_o nature_n seem_v to_o require_v no_o more_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o marriage_n than_o cohabitation_n and_o protection_n neither_o do_v the_o law_n of_o god_n require_v more_o before_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o gospel_n for_o diverse_a holy_a man_n before_o the_o law_n have_v several_a wife_n at_o the_o same_o time_n st._n chrysostome_n speak_v of_o sarah_n say_v that_o it_o be_v some_o comfort_n against_o her_o barrenness_n to_o have_v child_n by_o her_o husband_n though_o beget_v on_o her_o handmaid_n nondum_fw-la enim_fw-la talia_fw-la tunc_fw-la vetita_fw-la erant_fw-la for_o such_o thing_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o forbid_v so_o st._n augustine_n 14.8_o augustine_n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 16._o c_o 38._o de_fw-fr doct._n christ_n lib._n 4._o c._n 12._o deut._n 21.15.17.16_o 17._o 2_o sam._n 14.8_o there_o be_v then_o no_o law_n give_v against_o the_o have_v of_o many_o wife_n for_o propagation_n sake_n and_o in_o another_o place_n erat_fw-la uxorum_fw-la plurium_fw-la simul_fw-la habendarum_fw-la tunc_fw-la inculpabilis_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la the_o custom_n of_o have_v many_o wife_n at_o once_o be_v then_o unblameable_a and_o even_o under_o the_o law_n we_o find_v some_o precept_n give_v to_o those_o that_o shall_v have_v many_o wife_n at_o once_o and_o we_o find_v it_o express_o forbid_v to_o their_o king_n to_o be_v excessive_a in_o accumulate_v either_o wife_n or_o horse_n wherefore_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n upon_o that_o place_n do_v limit_v their_o king_n to_o eighteen_o wife_n and_o concubine_n and_o no_o more_o and_o josephus_n acknowledge_v that_o to_o have_v many_o wife_n at_o once_o be_v mos_fw-la patrius_fw-la the_o custom_n of_o his_o country_n therefore_o god_n himself_o seem_v to_o upbraid_v david_n for_o that_o he_o have_v give_v he_o his_o master_n wife_n and_o concubine_n quas_fw-la justè_fw-la &_o legitimè_fw-la habere_fw-la posset_n who_o he_o may_v just_o and_o lawful_o enjoy_v say_v josephus_n indissoluble_a ant._n hist_o l._n 17._o c._n 1._o nor_o be_v this_o knot_n indissoluble_a neither_o be_v this_o knot_n of_o marriage_n under_o the_o law_n indissoluble_a as_o now_o it_o be_v for_o we_o find_v a_o prescript_n form_n to_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n neither_o be_v any_o man_n forbid_v to_o marry_v the_o person_n repudiate_v but_o he_o only_o that_o put_v she_o away_o and_o the_o priest_n who_o also_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n forbid_v to_o marry_v a_o widow_n or_o a_o harlot_n now_o whereas_o philo_n and_o many_o modern_a interpreter_n 21.7_o leu._n 21.7_o do_v understand_v this_o to_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o high_a priest_n only_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v ver_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v evident_a by_o that_o of_o ezek._n 44.22_o that_o every_o priest_n be_v thereby_o forbid_v as_o may_v also_o be_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o connexion_n of_o this_o seven_o verse_n with_o the_o verse_n precede_v but_o yet_o this_o liberty_n that_o be_v thus_o give_v to_o the_o woman_n that_o be_v repudiate_v to_o become_v another_o man_n wife_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n restrain_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n after_o her_o divorce_n to_o avoid_v confusion_n about_o her_o issue_n to_o prevent_v which_o the_o jew_n do_v require_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v three_o month_n interval_n law_n whether_o a_o woman_n have_v conceive_v may_v marry_v before_o delivery_n the_o christian_a law_n between_o the_o divorce_n and_o the_o second_o marriage_n whence_o arise_v that_o question_n in_o tacitus_n whether_o a_o woman_n have_v conceive_v may_v be_v marry_v before_o her_o delivery_n but_o the_o christian_a law_n have_v reduce_v this_o as_o many_o other_o thing_n beside_o to_o a_o more_o perfect_a rule_n whereby_o both_o he_o that_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n unless_o for_o the_o act_n of_o uncleanness_n and_o he_o that_o marry_v she_o that_o be_v put_v away_o be_v both_o pronounce_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n and_o st._n paul_n who_o be_v both_o his_o apostle_n and_o interpreter_n do_v give_v not_o only_o to_o the_o husband_n the_o power_n over_o his_o wife_n body_n which_o he_o have_v before_o under_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n for_o he_o that_o join_v himself_o to_o a_o woman_n in_o marriage_n in_o corpus_fw-la ejus_fw-la habet_fw-la dominium_fw-la have_v power_n over_o her_o body_n say_v artemidorus_z but_o to_o the_o wife_n likewise_o power_n over_o the_o body_n of_o her_o husband_n thereby_o make_v the_o obligation_n mutual_a and_o the_o transgression_n on_o either_o part_n equal_a so_o lactantius_n the_o divine_a law_n do_v so_o conjoin_v two_o person_n in_o matrimony_n that_o be_v into_o one_o body_n 23._o inst_z l._n 6._o c._n 23._o on_o such_o equal_a term_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v violate_v this_o bond_n or_o cut_v asunder_o this_o knot_n shall_v be_v repute_v a_o adulterer_n and_o therefore_o he_o present_o subjoin_v by_o thy_o own_o example_n thou_o be_v to_o teach_v thy_o wife_n chastity_n iniquum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la id_fw-la exigas_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la praestare_fw-la non_fw-la possis_fw-la it_o be_v very_o unjust_a to_o exact_v that_o from_o she_o which_o thou_o can_v not_o perform_v thyself_o to_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n speak_v nazianzene_n be_v equal_o bind_v quomodo_fw-la exigis_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la rependis_fw-la with_o what_o conscience_n can_v thou_o exact_v that_o which_o thou_o refuse_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o st._n jerome_n to_o oceanus_n the_o law_n of_o caesar_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n another_o papinian_n command_v one_o thing_n and_o st._n paul_n another_o by_o the_o former_a the_o reins_o of_o our_o unbridled_a lust_n be_v let_v loose_a and_o adultery_n only_o be_v condemn_v every_o where_o man_n be_v permit_v to_o frequent_v the_o stew_n and_o brothel-house_n without_o restraint_n quasi_fw-la dignitas_fw-la culpam_fw-la
faciat_fw-la non_fw-la voluntas_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o sex_n that_o make_v the_o crime_n not_o the_o will_n but_o with_o we_o what_o be_v unlawful_a for_o woman_n be_v equal_o unlawful_a for_o man_n the_o same_o yoke_n bind_v both_o to_o the_o like_a condition_n there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o our_o bless_a saviour_n in_o the_o forecited_n place_n objection_n namely_o mat._n 5.32_o and_o mat._n 19.9_o do_v not_o ordain_v a_o new_a law_n but_o only_o restore_v the_o old_a aledge_v for_o themselves_o the_o very_a word_n of_o our_o saviour_n which_o seem_v to_o reduce_v 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o original_a institution_n ab_fw-la initio_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la sic_fw-la from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o whereunto_o we_o may_v answer_v answer_v that_o from_o our_o first_o condition_n when_o god_n to_o one_o man_n give_v but_o one_o woman_n we_o may_v well_o collect_v what_o be_v best_a for_o man_n and_o what_o most_o acceptable_a to_o god_n and_o from_o thence_o conclude_v that_o to_o walk_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n be_v ever_o most_o safe_a and_o commendable_a but_o we_o can_v from_o thence_o infer_v that_o to_o have_v many_o wife_n be_v sinful_a for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o transgression_n but_o in_o those_o time_n there_o be_v no_o such_o law_n extant_a so_o also_o when_o god_n say_v whether_o by_o adam_n or_o by_o moses_n that_o this_o league_n of_o matrimony_n be_v so_o sacred_a and_o strict_a that_o the_o husband_n be_v oblige_v to_o separate_v himself_o from_o his_o father_n house_n and_o together_o with_o his_o wife_n plant_v another_o family_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v say_v to_o pharaoh_n daughter_n psal_n 45.11_o forget_v also_o thy_o own_o people_n and_o thy_o father_n house_n and_o although_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o this_o strong_a consignation_n how_o acceptable_a it_o will_v be_v to_o god_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v perpetual_a yet_o it_o can_v from_o hence_o be_v evince_v that_o even_o than_o it_o be_v command_v that_o this_o knot_n shall_v not_o be_v abraham_n lib._n 1._o c._n 14._o de_fw-fr abraham_n for_o any_o cause_n whatsoever_o dissolve_v st._n ambrose_n in_o the_o case_n of_o polygamy_n distinguish_v that_o which_o god_n commend_v in_o paradise_n from_o condemn_v the_o contrary_a but_o christ_n forbid_v any_o man_n to_o separate_v those_o who_o god_n by_o his_o first_o institution_n do_v conjoin_v make_v that_o a_o matter_n worthy_a of_o his_o new_a law_n 4._o grat._n c._n 33._o q._n 4._o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v best_a for_o man_n and_o most_o acceptable_a to_o god_n 2._o most_o nation_n tolerate_v divorce_n and_o polygamy_n de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la germ._n herodian_a l._n 2._o certain_a it_o be_v that_o most_o nation_n in_o ancient_a time_n do_v both_o indulge_v unto_o themselves_o the_o liberty_n of_o divorce_n and_o also_o of_o enjoy_v plurality_n of_o wife_n of_o all_o barbarous_a nation_n the_o german_n be_v well_o nigh_o the_o only_a people_n record_v by_o tacitus_n that_o be_v content_v with_o one_o wife_n but_o the_o persian_a indian_a and_o thracian_a history_n do_v clear_o testify_v the_o lawfulness_n among_o they_o both_o of_o polygamy_n and_o divorce_n among_o the_o egyptian_n their_o priest_n only_o be_v restrain_v to_o one_o wife_n and_o among_o the_o grecian_n as_o athenaeus_n tell_v we_o cecrops_n be_v the_o first_o that_o allow_v to_o one_o man_n but_o one_o wife_n and_o yet_o that_o this_o be_v no_o long-lived_a practice_n among_o the_o athenian_n we_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o example_n of_o socrates_n and_o other_o and_o if_o haply_o any_o people_n do_v live_v more_o abstemious_o as_o the_o roman_n who_o never_o admit_v of_o bigamy_n nor_o in_o a_o long_a time_n of_o divorce_n they_o be_v certain_o high_o to_o be_v commend_v in_o that_o they_o draw_v near_o unto_o that_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a and_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o hence_o follow_v that_o they_o who_o do_v otherwise_o before_o the_o promulgation_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n do_v therein_o sin_n for_o as_o st._n augustine_n right_o observe_v observe_v contr._n faust_n lib._n 22_o c._n 47._o every_o nation_n have_v its_o several_a qualites_fw-la wherein_o they_o differ_v no_o less_o than_o in_o their_o peculiar_a language_n which_o disagree_v condition_n to_o govern_v apt_o no_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n can_v suffice_v the_o most_o high_a god_n permit_v some_o thing_n in_o the_o israelite_n for_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n which_o be_v not_o consonant_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perfection_n where_o therefore_o nature_n or_o custom_n have_v entertain_v a_o vicious_a yet_o not_o intolerable_a habit_n with_o so_o long_a and_o public_a approbation_n that_o the_o opposite_a virtue_n will_v seem_v as_o uncouth_a as_o it_o will_v be_v to_o walk_v naked_a in_o england_n there_o may_v a_o wise_a and_o upright_a lawgiver_n conceal_v for_o a_o while_o his_o inward_a dislike_n till_o time_n make_v way_n for_o a_o more_o complete_a reformation_n est_fw-la aliquid_fw-la prodire_fw-la tenus_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la detur_fw-la ultra_fw-la for_o want_v of_o discretion_n in_o this_o case_n the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n in_o africa_n be_v unhappy_o divert_v from_o christianity_n which_o it_o willing_o at_o first_o embrace_v but_o afterward_o with_o great_a indignation_n reject_v for_o no_o other_o reason_n 63._o see_v rawl_n p._n 293._o see_v 2_o chron._n 30.18_o 19_o history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n p._n 63._o but_o because_o plurality_n of_o wife_n be_v i_o know_v not_o how_o necessary_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a more_o contentious_o than_o seasonable_o deny_v unto_o they_o for_o where_o a_o vice_n can_v be_v root_v out_o without_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o state_n it_o be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n for_o a_o time_n to_o connive_v at_o it_o quando_fw-la mos_fw-la erat_fw-la crimen_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la while_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n it_o be_v no_o crime_n at_o least_o not_o impute_v as_o so_o x._o what_o marriage_n be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o marriage_n be_v good_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o direct_v our_o judgement_n herein_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o not_o everything_o that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o appear_v by_o thing_n prodigal_o give_v away_o but_o those_o only_o wherein_o that_o principle_n be_v want_v which_o shall_v give_v life_n and_o vigour_n to_o the_o act_n or_o in_o which_o all_o its_o effect_n be_v vitiate_a and_o taint_v now_o that_o principle_n which_o give_v life_n to_o this_o and_o all_o other_o humane_a act_n be_v that_o right_n which_o we_o expound_v to_o be_v a_o moral_a power_n or_o faculty_n to_o do_v it_o together_o with_o a_o will_v sufficient_o declare_v but_o what_o will_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v a_o right_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o declare_v more_o full_o when_o we_o shall_v discourse_v of_o promise_n in_o general_n nature_n whether_o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n be_v requisite_a to_o a_o perfect_a marriage_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o concern_v this_o moral_a power_n the_o first_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n requisite_a to_o a_o perfect_a marriage_n which_o some_o affirm_v but_o herein_o they_o be_v mistake_v for_o all_o their_o argument_n do_v enforce_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o duty_n they_o owe_v to_o their_o parent_n to_o crave_v their_o consent_n which_o we_o shall_v easy_o grant_v they_o provide_v that_o the_o will_n of_o their_o parent_n be_v not_o manifest_o unjust_a for_o if_o child_n be_v to_o reverence_v their_o parent_n in_o all_o thing_n sure_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o most_o especial_o in_o such_o thing_n wherein_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v concern_v as_o in_o marriage_n and_o yet_o it_o can_v hence_o be_v infer_v that_o a_o son_n have_v not_o a_o moral_a right_o to_o dispose_v of_o himself_o if_o they_o consent_v not_o for_o he_o that_o marry_v aught_o to_o be_v of_o mature_a age_n and_o judgement_n and_o he_o be_v to_o forsake_v his_o father_n house_n so_o that_o he_o be_v herein_o exempt_v from_o his_o father_n domestic_a discipline_n and_o become_v from_o thence_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d master_n of_o himself_o and_o although_o the_o duty_n of_o love_n and_o reverence_n do_v oblige_v he_o to_o ask_v the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o parent_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o breach_n of_o that_o duty_n null_a the_o act_n of_o his_o marriage_n that_o the_o roman_n and_o such_o other_o nation_n do_v make_v void_a such_o marriage_n be_v not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lawmaker_n for_o by_o the_o same_o law_n the_o mother_n to_o who_o
notwithstanding_o the_o child_n do_v natural_o owe_v reverence_n can_v not_o by_o her_o descent_n make_v the_o marriage_n void_a no_o nor_o the_o father_n of_o a_o freeman_n and_o if_o the_o father_n himself_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o his_o own_o father_n than_o the_o consent_n of_o both_o father_n and_o grandfather_n be_v require_v to_o the_o son_n marriage_n but_o to_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o daughter_n the_o grandfather_n consent_n alone_o suffice_v which_o difference_n be_v altogether_o unknown_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v evident_o prove_v that_o they_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o natural_a but_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n we_o find_v in_o sacred_a story_n that_o many_o holy_a man_n and_o much_o more_o ult_n virgin_n not_o to_o choose_v husband_n for_o themselves_o 1_o cor._n 7.36_o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr abrah_n c._n ult_n woman_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o modesty_n and_o bashfulness_n ought_v especial_o in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o other_o have_v in_o contract_a marriage_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o parent_n non_fw-la est_fw-la virginalis_fw-la pudoris_fw-la eligere_fw-la maritum_fw-la it_o become_v not_o a_o virgin_n modesty_n say_v ambrose_n 2._o ambrose_n grat._n c._n 32._o q._n 2._o to_o choose_v a_o husband_n for_o herself_o and_o yet_o be_v not_o esau_n marriage_n declare_v null_a nor_o his_o child_n hold_v as_o illegitimate_a because_o in_o his_o marriage_n he_o have_v not_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o parent_n it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o to_o daughter_n the_o chief_a power_n of_o dispose_v they_o be_v in_o the_o father_n so_o in_o euripides_n hermione_n my_o nuptial_a i_o to_o parent_n care_v alone_o commit_v for_o free_a choice_n therein_o have_v i_o none_o but_o as_o to_o son_n if_o we_o respect_v strict_a and_o natural_a right_n that_o of_o quintilian_n will_v be_v find_v true_a that_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o son_n at_o any_o time_n to_o do_v thing_n otherwise_o unreprovable_a without_o yea_o against_o his_o father_n will_n sure_o that_o liberty_n be_v never_o more_o justifiable_a than_o in_o marriage_n for_o as_o cassiodore_n true_o observe_v durum_fw-la est_fw-la libertatem_fw-la liberam_fw-la non_fw-la habere_fw-la in_o matrimonio_fw-la 4._o lib._n 7._o c._n 4._o unde_fw-la liberi_fw-la procreantur_fw-la to_o be_v debar_v of_o our_o free_a choice_n in_o matrimony_n from_o whence_o our_o child_n shall_v be_v bear_v be_v hard_o 5._o ter._n andr._n act._n 1._o sc_fw-la 5._o nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o a_o son_n in_o his_o marriage_n shall_v please_v himself_o xi_o it_o be_v a_o void_a marriage_n that_o be_v contract_v with_o another_o wife_n or_o husband_n that_o marriage_n that_o be_v contract_v with_o another_o man_n wife_n be_v doubtless_o null_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n unless_o her_o former_a husband_n have_v dismiss_v she_o for_o so_o long_o do_v his_o power_n last_o over_o she_o which_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n be_v not_o dissolve_v but_o by_o death_n the_o latter_a marriage_n therefore_o be_v null_a for_o want_v of_o a_o moral_a power_n in_o the_o woman_n to_o dispose_v of_o herself_o which_o be_v lose_v by_o her_o former_a marriage_n do_v vitiate_v all_o those_o subsequent_a effect_n that_o attend_v it_o because_o every_o act_n be_v but_o the_o invade_v of_o another_o right_n so_o likewise_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o the_o same_o law_n a_o marriage_n contract_v with_o the_o husband_n of_o another_o woman_n be_v alike_o void_a by_o reason_n of_o that_o power_n that_o christ_n give_v a_o chaste_a wife_n over_o the_o body_n of_o her_o husband_n xii_o of_o marriage_n between_o kindred_n concern_v marriage_n between_o such_o as_o be_v near_o ally_v or_o of_o the_o same_o blood_n many_o difficult_a question_n arise_v which_o be_v often_o with_o much_o zeal_n and_o animosity_n agitate_a on_o both_o side_n because_o he_o that_o shall_v undertake_v to_o assign_v certain_a and_o natural_a reason_n why_o these_o marriage_n that_o be_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n thus_o forbid_v be_v unlawful_a shall_v experimental_o find_v how_o hard_o nay_o how_o impossible_a it_o be_v to_o effect_v it_o that_o allege_v by_o plutarch_n in_o his_o roman_a question_n by_o st._n augustine_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la by_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n and_o by_o st._n chrysostome_n on_o 1_o cor._n 13.13_o as_o the_o contract_n of_o new_a friend_n and_o the_o strengthen_n ourselves_o with_o new_a alliance_n savour_v more_o of_o policy_n than_o true_a piety_n nor_o be_v they_o of_o that_o force_n and_o energy_n as_o to_o conclude_v the_o contrary_a act_n to_o be_v either_o unlawful_a or_o void_a whereunto_o may_v be_v add_v that_o some_o case_n there_o may_v be_v wherein_o such_o prohibit_v marriage_n may_v be_v more_o profitable_a and_o politic_a than_o other_o politic_a the_o marriage_n of_o kindred_n sometime_o profitable_a and_o politic_a as_o may_v be_v collect_v not_o only_o from_o that_o which_o god_n himself_o in_o his_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n except_v of_o raise_v seed_n to_o a_o decease_a brother_n have_v no_o issue_n but_o from_o that_o also_o of_o a_o virgin_n leave_v by_o her_o father_n as_o sole_a heir_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n who_o by_o the_o grecian_a and_o hebrew_n law_n be_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o preserve_v the_o name_n and_o estate_n in_o their_o own_o tribe_n and_o family_n and_o from_o many_o such_o like_a case_n which_o do_v or_o may_v occur_v but_o yet_o from_o this_o general_a rule_n why_o incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o why_o we_o must_v except_v the_o marriage_n of_o parent_n with_o their_o child_n in_o what_o degree_n soever_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v sufficient_o evident_a for_o neither_o can_v the_o husband_n who_o by_o the_o law_n of_o matrimony_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o wife_n pay_v that_o respect_n and_o reverence_n that_o nature_n bind_v he_o to_o give_v to_o his_o mother_n nor_o the_o daughter_n to_o her_o father_n for_o though_o she_o be_v subordinate_a to_o her_o husband_n by_o matrimonial_a right_n yet_o do_v her_o marriage_n allow_v she_o so_o great_a a_o familiarity_n with_o her_o husband_n as_o be_v altogether_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o child_n paulus_n the_o lawyer_n be_v in_o the_o right_n when_o have_v saâ—d_v before_o that_o in_o contract_a marriage_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o modesty_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v regard_v he_o add_v that_o it_o be_v against_o modesty_n for_o a_o man_n to_o take_v his_o own_o daughter_n to_o be_v his_o wife_n and_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n condemn_v it_o as_o a_o execrable_a wickedness_n to_o pollute_v the_o bed_n of_o his_o decease_a father_n which_o as_o a_o thing_n sacred_a ought_v not_o to_o be_v touch_v and_o without_o regard_n to_o either_o the_o age_n or_o the_o reverence_n of_o a_o mother_n name_n to_o make_v himself_o both_o son_n and_o husband_n to_o the_o same_o woman_n and_o to_o make_v she_o both_o mother_n and_o wife_n to_o the_o same_o man._n wherefore_o such_o marriage_n be_v doubtless_o not_o illegal_a only_o but_o void_a by_o reason_n of_o something_o that_o be_v vicious_a which_o perpetual_o cleave_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o neither_o be_v that_o argument_n of_o diogenes_n and_o chrysippus_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o cock_n and_o such_o like_a dumb_a creature_n sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o such_o commixture_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n jâ—â—it_fw-la that_o be_v unlawful_a which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o humane_a nature_n lib._n 2._o contr._n jâ—â—it_fw-la for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o conclude_v any_o thing_n unlawful_a that_o it_o be_v repugnant_a though_o but_o to_o humane_a nature_n this_o be_v that_o incest_n which_o the_o lawyer_n paulus_n and_o papinian_n write_v to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n commit_v between_o the_o degree_n ascendent_a and_o descendent_a and_o this_o be_v that_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o as_o xenophon_n note_n be_v no_o less_o a_o law_n because_o it_o be_v contemn_v by_o the_o persian_n mede_n indian_n and_o aethiopian_n for_o which_o they_o be_v punish_v with_o perpetual_a war_n parricide_n fratricide_n as_o philo_n first_o and_o after_o he_o st._n hierome_n observe_v for_o as_o michael_n ephesius_n well_o interpret_v it_o that_o be_v natural_a which_o be_v of_o common_a use_n among_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v uncorrupted_a and_o that_o live_v most_o agreeable_a unto_o nature_n and_o therefore_o hippodamus_n the_o pythagorean_n call_v these_o incestuous_a commixture_n inordinate_a and_o unnatural_a lust_n unbridled_a passion_n and_o abominable_a pleasure_n such_o be_v those_o of_o the_o parthian_n whereof_o lucan_n thus_o complain_v epulis_fw-la vesana_fw-la meroque_fw-la regius_fw-la non_fw-la ullos_fw-la exceptos_fw-la legibus_fw-la horret_fw-la concubitus_fw-la with_o
make_v of_o marriage_n and_o cassiodore_n will_v inform_v we_o 40._o lib._n 7._o c._n 40._o that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o marry_v any_o woman_n of_o unequal_a condition_n to_o themselves_o without_o leave_n obtain_v from_o their_o prince_n but_o certain_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n such_o unequal_a marriage_n may_v be_v authentic_a if_o the_o woman_n be_v under_o the_o custody_n and_o safeguard_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o have_v plight_v her_o troth_n unto_o he_o so_o also_o under_o the_o state_n of_o the_o evangelical_n law_n a_o marriage_n between_o two_o servant_n or_o between_o a_o freeman_n and_o a_o servant_n be_v a_o firm_a and_o lawful_a marriage_n much_o more_o that_o between_o a_o citizen_n and_o a_o stranger_n a_o senator_n and_o a_o freewoman_n if_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_o require_v by_o the_o divine_a christian_a law_n to_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o a_o marriage_n be_v add_v namely_o a_o indissoluble_a join_v together_o of_o one_o man_n to_o one_o woman_n although_o some_o effect_n proper_o due_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o other_o marriage_n concubine_n concubine_n do_v not_o attend_v these_o or_o which_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n will_v follow_v these_o be_v they_o not_o by_o some_o law_n hinder_v and_o thus_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o first_o tolâ—tane_a council_n to_o be_v understand_v he_o that_o have_v no_o wife_n but_o instead_o of_o a_o wife_n have_v a_o concubine_n may_v not_o be_v drive_v from_o the_o communion_n so_o as_o he_o content_v himself_o with_o one_o woman_n whether_o she_o be_v his_o wife_n or_o concubine_n as_o he_o please_v concern_v such_o a_o concubine_n oper_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o oper_n st._n augustine_n write_v thus_o if_o she_o shall_v solemn_o profess_v that_o she_o will_v never_o know_v any_o other_o man_n although_o he_o to_o who_o she_o be_v at_o present_a subject_n shall_v dismiss_v she_o it_o may_v be_v worthy_a our_o pain_n conjugii_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr bono_fw-mi conjugii_fw-la to_o inquire_v whether_o she_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o baptism_n so_o in_o another_o place_n a_o question_n do_v often_o arise_v in_o case_n a_o man_n and_o a_o woman_n be_v neither_o husband_n nor_o wife_n to_o any_o other_o shall_v agree_v to_o lie_v together_o not_o for_o procreation_n sake_n but_o only_o to_o avoid_v incontinency_n and_o shall_v give_v faith_n each_o to_o other_o never_o to_o enjoy_v any_o else_o whether_o that_o may_v be_v be_v call_v a_o marriage_n or_o no_o and_o haply_o say_v he_o it_o may_v not_o absurd_o be_v so_o call_v aug._n concern_v concubine_n st._n aug._n if_o they_o both_o agree_v that_o this_o conjunction_n shall_v continue_v until_o death_n and_o although_o the_o procreation_n of_o child_n be_v not_o the_o main_a end_n they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o in_o their_o lie_v together_o yet_o if_o they_o do_v not_o purposely_o avoid_v it_o nor_o do_v any_o wicked_a act_n 38.9_o gen._n 38.9_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o child_n shall_v not_o be_v bear_v unto_o they_o but_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o wife_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o keep_v a_o concubine_n lest_o she_o estrange_v his_o heart_n from_o his_o wife_n hereunto_o likewise_o we_o may_v refer_v that_o theodosius_n and_o valentinianus_n do_v call_v a_o unequal_a marriage_n a_o kind_n of_o fornication_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o a_o accusation_n of_o adultery_n be_v say_v to_o arise_v xvi_o some_o marriage_n though_o forbid_v to_o be_v do_v yet_o be_v do_v be_v valid_a though_o the_o law_n of_o man_n do_v forbid_v some_o certain_a person_n to_o be_v join_v in_o marriage_n yet_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o be_v marry_v their_o marriage_n be_v void_a for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o forbid_v the_o do_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o another_o to_o make_v that_o void_a that_o be_v do_v for_o the_o prohibition_n may_v extend_v itâ—_n force_v no_o far_o than_o to_o some_o penalty_n either_o express_v or_o arbitrary_a which_o sort_n of_o law_n ulpian_n call_v imperfect_a law_n quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la quid_fw-la vetant_fw-la sed_fw-la factum_fw-la non_fw-la rescindunt_fw-la which_o prohibit_v the_o do_v but_o rescind_v not_o the_o fact_n do_v such_o be_v the_o cincian_a law_n among_o the_o roman_n 1._o instit_fw-la tit._n 1._o that_o restrain_v man_n from_o give_v more_o than_o unto_o such_o a_o proportion_n 10._o liv._o lib._n 10._o but_o do_v not_o make_v void_a that_o which_o be_v give_v beyond_o it_o the_o valerian_n law_n say_v livy_n when_o it_o forbid_v the_o whip_n with_o rod_n or_o the_o kill_n with_o the_o axe_n he_o that_o have_v provoke_v or_o challenge_v another_o impose_v no_o penalty_n upon_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o law_n but_o adjudge_v it_o to_o be_v improbe_fw-la factum_fw-la dishonest_o do_v such_o be_v the_o modesty_n of_o those_o time_n when_o infamy_n only_o be_v think_v a_o sufficient_a guard_n to_o the_o law_n whereas_o now_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o that_o will_v so_o mild_o threaten_v his_o servant_n ulpian_n ulpian_n by_o the_o fusian_a law_n none_o except_o some_o few_o particular_a person_n be_v to_o receive_v by_o way_n of_o legacy_n more_o than_o ten_o thousand_o ass_n assum_fw-la mille_fw-la assum_fw-la which_o reduce_v to_o our_o coin_n amount_v to_o about_o one_o and_o thirty_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n reckon_v every_o as_o to_o a_o half_a penny_n farthing_n end_n ad_fw-la somn._fw-la scipâ—onis_fw-la see_v sect._n 14._o of_o this_o chapter_n towards_o the_o end_n and_o he_o that_o receive_v more_o be_v to_o forfeit_v the_o quadruple_a sum_n among_o those_o law_n that_o be_v call_v imperfect_a macrobius_n reckon_v those_o which_o have_v no_o penalty_n annex_v to_o the_o breach_n of_o they_o such_o be_v that_o rescript_n of_o d._n marcus_n that_o heir_n who_o forbid_v he_o to_o perform_v funeral_n rite_n who_o be_v thereunto_o appoint_v by_o the_o testator_n do_v not_o right_o howbeit_o he_o order_v no_o punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o he_o that_o do_v it_o we_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o among_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v afterward_o introduce_v by_o the_o theodosian_a law_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v prohibit_v only_o by_o the_o law_n although_o it_o be_v not_o express_o say_v that_o what_o be_v do_v contrary_a unto_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o null_n yet_o if_o it_o proceed_v to_o judgement_n it_o shall_v be_v construe_v as_o unprofitable_a void_a and_o of_o no_o force_n but_o this_o strain_a construction_n arise_v not_o from_o the_o force_n of_o the_o bare_a prohibition_n but_o from_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o new_a law_n which_o other_o nation_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o follow_v for_o sometime_o there_o be_v great_a indecency_n in_o the_o act_n do_v than_o there_o can_v be_v in_o the_o effect_n that_o proceed_v from_o it_o and_o sometime_o also_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o do_v follow_v upon_o the_o recession_n or_o make_v void_a of_o the_o fact_n be_v more_o than_o can_v ensue_v upon_o the_o do_n of_o it_o xvii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o a_o society_n beside_o this_o of_o marriage_n which_o of_o all_o consociation_n be_v the_o most_o natural_a there_o be_v divers_a other_o as_o well_o private_a as_o public_a and_o those_o either_o over_o the_o people_n or_o of_o the_o people_n but_o all_o of_o they_o have_v this_o in_o common_a that_o as_o to_o those_o thing_n for_o which_o such_o a_o society_n be_v institute_v the_o whole_a or_o the_o major_a part_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v oblige_v every_o particular_a in_o that_o society_n for_o it_o may_v well_o be_v presume_v that_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n of_o those_o that_o first_o enter_v into_o that_o society_n that_o the_o power_n to_o determine_v all_o matter_n therein_o treat_v shall_v rest_v somewhere_o but_o because_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_o unjust_a that_o some_o few_o person_n shall_v impose_v upon_o the_o rest_n where_o every_o person_n have_v equal_a power_n therefore_o by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n set_v aside_o those_o order_n and_o by-law_n which_o do_v prescribe_v a_o form_n or_o method_n to_o the_o whole_a society_n in_o the_o handle_n and_o discuss_v of_o matter_n that_o be_v bring_v before_o they_o the_o major_a part_n shall_v have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o thucydides_n that_o which_o the_o multitude_n or_o the_o great_a part_n thereof_o shall_v decree_v be_v authoritative_a appianus_n be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n as_o well_o in_o public_a election_n as_o in_o court_n of_o judgement_n 5._o lib._n 5._o the_o great_a part_n rule_v the_o rest_n so_o also_o be_v dionysius_n halicarn_n that_o which_o seem_v best_a to_o the_o most_o valere_fw-la quod_fw-la pluribus_fw-la visum_fw-la id_fw-la valere_fw-la must_v prevail_v that_o be_v unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o provide_v by_o some_o former_a law_n or_o agreement_n that_o of_o such_o a_o number_n of_o person_n such_o and_o such_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la whereof_o any_o
that_o they_o always_o precede_v in_o such_o council_n as_o be_v call_v concern_v christian_n affair_n who_o first_o profess_v themselves_o christian_n as_o aeneas_n silvius_n record_v in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n xxii_o where_o divers_a society_n claim_v unequal_a share_n how_o vote_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v but_o yet_o so_o often_o as_o the_o ground_n and_o main_a reason_n of_o enter_v into_o this_o society_n be_v the_o preservation_n of_o something_o hold_v by_o they_o in_o common_a but_o not_o in_o equal_a proportion_n as_o in_o a_o inheritance_n or_o in_o a_o field_n wherein_o one_o have_v half_a another_o a_o three_o another_o a_o four_o part_n than_o not_o only_o the_o order_n but_o the_o suffrage_n of_o that_o assembly_n shall_v be_v not_o by_o the_o plurality_n of_o single_a vote_n but_o by_o the_o proportion_n that_o they_o several_o have_v in_o the_o thing_n hold_v in_o common_a which_o as_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n so_o it_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n so_o strabo_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o lybica_n with_o three_o other_o adjoin_a city_n do_v unite_v themselves_o as_o it_o be_v in_o one_o body_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o three_o be_v to_o have_v one_o voice_n but_o lybica_n two_o because_o it_o contribute_v much_o more_o to_o the_o common_a benefit_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o lycia_n there_o be_v twenty_o three_o city_n combine_v whereof_o some_o have_v three_o voice_n some_o two_o and_o some_o but_o one_o 9_o fol._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o and_z according_o all_o charge_n be_v divide_v and_o pay_v and_o this_o be_v but_o just_a say_v aristotle_n if_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o common_a possession_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o consociation_n xxiii_o the_o right_a of_o society_n over_o their_o citizen_n of_o all_o society_n that_o of_o divers_a master_n of_o family_n embody_v in_o one_o city_n or_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a so_o it_o give_v a_o great_a right_a or_o power_n to_o the_o whole_a over_o every_o part_n thereof_o than_o any_o other_o society_n whatsoever_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o outward_a act_n do_v by_o any_o one_o citizen_n but_o what_o either_o by_o itself_o do_v or_o by_o circumstance_n may_v refer_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o that_o society_n for_o as_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o the_o law_n do_v rule_v we_o in_o thing_n of_o all_o sort_n xxiv_o whether_o citizen_n may_v desert_v their_o city_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o citizen_n to_o forsake_v their_o city_n without_o leave_n give_v there_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n say_v servius_n that_o he_o that_o transplant_v himself_o into_o another_o family_n or_o nation_n do_v first_o renounce_v that_o wherein_o he_o former_o dwell_v and_o then_o be_v receive_v and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o some_o country_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o forsake_v the_o city_n without_o leave_n as_o in_o the_o city_n of_o moscow_n 13._o mariana_n liâ—_n 28._o c._n 13._o neither_o do_v i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o civil_a society_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o under_o some_o such_o agreement_n and_o that_o custom_n may_v introduce_v the_o force_n of_o such_o a_o agreement_n yet_o by_o the_o latter_a roman_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o citizen_n to_o remove_v his_o habitation_n yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o he_o stand_v still_o oblige_v to_o execute_v such_o office_n in_o the_o city_n as_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o he_o neither_o be_v these_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o special_a care_n be_v take_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o they_o shall_v pay_v their_o contribution_n but_o set_v aside_o these_o municipal_a law_n and_o constitution_n let_v we_o discuss_v this_o question_n according_a to_o natural_a right_n and_o that_o not_o of_o any_o one_o part_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o under_o the_o supreme_a dominion_n of_o one_o person_n and_o sure_o that_o they_o can_v recede_v by_o flock_n or_o great_a company_n be_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v able_a to_o create_v a_o right_n for_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v lawful_a there_o may_v instant_o follow_v a_o dissolution_n of_o that_o civil_a society_n zonoras_n speak_v of_o king_n lazus_n who_o revolt_v from_o the_o persian_n to_o the_o roman_n make_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o roman_a general_n have_v draw_v unto_o himself_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o departure_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n from_o a_o city_n it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o draw_v water_n out_o of_o a_o river_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o turn_v the_o course_n of_o it_o every_o citizen_n say_v triphonius_n be_v free_a either_o to_o stay_v in_o or_o to_o depart_v from_o his_o own_o city_n and_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o baldus_n commend_v this_o law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o stay_v in_o a_o city_n against_o his_o will_n and_o this_o he_o lay_v down_o as_o the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n that_o every_o freeman_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o himself_o liberty_n to_o live_v where_o we_o please_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n either_o to_o remain_v in_o it_o or_o to_o recede_v from_o it_o and_o yet_o herein_o also_o we_o be_v to_o submit_v to_o natural_a equity_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o the_o roman_n walk_v by_o in_o dissolve_v private_a society_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a when_o the_o public_a be_v damnify_v by_o it_o for_o as_o proculus_n right_o observe_v always_o not_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a to_o some_o one_o of_o a_o society_n be_v usual_o to_o be_v observe_v but_o what_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a society_n that_o in_o case_n any_o great_a public_a debt_n be_v contract_v no_o citizen_n shall_v forsake_v the_o city_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o pay_v his_o proportion_n of_o it_o also_o if_o upon_o confidence_n of_o the_o number_n of_o their_o citizen_n they_o have_v begin_v a_o war_n but_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v besiege_v no_o citizen_n ought_v to_o forsake_v the_o city_n till_o he_o have_v first_o provide_v a_o person_n as_o able_a as_o himself_o to_o defend_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o these_o case_n only_o it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o people_n do_v give_v their_o consent_n that_o any_o citizen_n may_v free_o depart_v because_o even_o from_o this_o liberty_n they_o may_v make_v no_o less_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o some_o other_o way_n xxv_o a_o city_n have_v no_o power_n over_o she_o banish_v so_o likewise_o no_o city_n can_v have_v any_o right_n over_o those_o who_o she_o have_v banish_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o *_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la be_v banish_v argos_n by_o euristeus_n and_o afterward_o persecute_v by_o he_o do_v thus_o plead_v by_o their_o advocate_n jolaus_fw-la by_o what_o right_o do_v he_o prosecute_v we_o now_o who_o he_o banish_v his_o city_n for_o now_o we_o be_v no_o subject_n of_o he_o and_o alcibiades_n his_o son_n speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n banishment_n tell_v the_o athenian_n 41._o lib._n 3._o c._n 20._o §._o 41._o that_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o city_n do_v nothing_o concern_v his_o father_n so_o likewise_o nicetas_n speak_v of_o isaac_n angelus_n say_v it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o any_o man_n to_o court_n and_o flatter_v his_o enemy_n that_o be_v but_o sensible_a that_o his_o own_o countryman_n do_v persecute_v he_o as_o their_o enemy_n but_o now_o the_o consociation_n of_o several_a nation_n whether_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o governor_n be_v call_v league_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v when_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o contract_n and_o agreement_n xxvi_o what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o his_o adopt_a son_n there_o be_v also_o voluntary_a subjection_n and_o those_o either_o private_a or_o public_a the_o private_a vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n that_o which_o be_v most_o noble_a be_v that_o of_o arrogation_n or_o adoption_n whereby_o a_o man_n translate_v himself_o into_o the_o family_n of_o another_o so_o as_o he_o behave_v himself_o with_o that_o duty_n and_o reverence_n as_o a_o son_n of_o mature_a age_n shall_v do_v roward_n his_o own_o parent_n no_o father_n can_v possible_o transfer_v his_o paternal_a right_n over_o his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n so_o full_o as_o to_o be_v
own_o safety_n by_o flight_n be_v the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n notwithstanding_o the_o charge_n give_v by_o the_o apostle_n 16_o gal._n 6.5_o tit._n 2.9_o â—_o pet._n â—_o 16_o and_o by_o the_o ancient_a canon_n forbid_v servant_n to_o flee_v from_o their_o own_o master_n because_o those_o precept_n be_v general_a and_o oppose_v only_o to_o that_o error_n which_o be_v then_o grow_v namely_o that_o deny_v all_o manner_n of_o subjection_n whether_o public_a or_o private_a as_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o christian_a liberty_n xxx_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o servitude_n beside_o that_o slavery_n which_o be_v perfect_a there_o be_v other_o imperfect_a as_o those_o that_o be_v limit_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o to_o certain_a thing_n or_o upon_o condition_n of_o such_o there_o be_v divers_a among_o the_o roman_n as_o that_o of_o their_o liberti_fw-la nexi_fw-la addicti_fw-la asscripti_fw-la glebae_fw-la statu_fw-la liberi_fw-la as_o also_o among_o the_o jew_n there_o be_v those_o that_o serve_v seven_o year_n and_o that_o bind_v themselves_o until_o the_o next_o jubilee_n and_o then_o be_v free_a and_o such_o be_v the_o penestae_n among_o the_o thessalonian_o and_o all_o mercenary_n among_o who_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v our_o apprentice_n here_o in_o england_n who_o for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o year_n be_v under_o so_o hard_a a_o discipline_n as_o do_v but_o little_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o of_o a_o servile_a condition_n and_o such_o like_a all_o which_o difference_n do_v depend_v either_o upon_o some_o law_n or_o upon_o some_o contract_n his_o servitude_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v natural_o imperfect_a who_o be_v bear_v of_o parent_n whereof_o one_o of_o they_o be_v bond_n and_o the_o other_o free_a for_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a xxxi_o public_a subjection_n by_o consent_n public_a subjection_n be_v when_o any_o one_o nation_n or_o people_n do_v give_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o power_n and_o command_v of_o another_o either_o of_o one_o man_n or_o many_o or_o of_o another_o people_n or_o nation_n the_o form_n of_o such_o a_o voluntary_a rendition_n we_o have_v already_o set_v down_o in_o that_o of_o capua_n the_o like_a be_v that_o of_o the_o people_n of_o collatia_n do_v you_o give_v up_o unto_o i_o and_o unto_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n the_o collatine_n people_n with_o their_o city_n field_n water_n bound_n temple_n utensil_n with_o all_o thing_n else_o whether_o divine_a or_o humane_a we_o do_v say_v they_o and_o i_o accept_v thereof_o whereunto_o plautus_n seem_v to_o allude_v in_o his_o amphitryo_n all_o which_o the_o persian_n comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n this_o be_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n but_o there_o be_v some_o likewise_o that_o be_v not_o so_o full_a and_o absolute_a in_o respect_n either_o of_o their_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o or_o of_o that_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o command_n of_o the_o several_a degree_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o discourse_v 3._o lib._n 1._o c._n 3._o xxxii_o what_o right_o be_v gain_v over_o person_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o involuntary_a subjection_n when_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o delinquency_n we_o forfeit_v our_o liberty_n and_o be_v forcible_o reduce_v into_o servitude_n by_o such_o as_o have_v a_o right_a to_o punish_v we_o and_o who_o those_o be_v we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o thus_o may_v not_o only_o private_a man_n be_v bring_v into_o slavery_n as_o at_o rome_n qui_fw-la ad_fw-la dilectum_fw-la non_fw-la respondebat_fw-la he_o that_o refuse_v to_o perform_v a_o office_n be_v thereunto_o choose_v and_o they_o that_o be_v not_o enroll_v or_o register_v in_o the_o number_n of_o citizen_n and_o afterward_o woman_n who_o though_o otherwise_o ingenuous_a yet_o if_o they_o marry_v another_o man_n servant_n lose_v their_o own_o freedom_n but_o the_o public_a thing_n of_o a_o nation_n may_v be_v thus_o subject_v for_o some_o public_a injury_n do_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o if_o the_o state_n be_v bring_v into_o captivity_n it_o be_v perpetual_a for_o as_o in_o the_o laurel_n though_o the_o leaf_n die_v yet_o be_v the_o tree_n always_o green_a so_o though_o every_o person_n in_o that_o nation_n be_v mortal_a yet_o do_v succession_n make_v the_o people_n immortal_a but_o in_o personal_a bondage_n noxa_fw-la sequitur_fw-la caput_fw-la the_o punishment_n never_o exceed_v the_o person_n offend_v but_o both_o these_o servitude_n as_o well_o private_a as_o public_a be_v penal_a may_v be_v either_o perfect_a or_o imperfect_a according_a to_o the_o offence_n and_o punishment_n thereunto_o due_a now_o of_o that_o servitude_n whether_o private_a oâ—_n public_a that_o arise_v from_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o direful_a effect_n of_o war._n chap._n vi_o of_o that_o right_n which_o be_v derivative_o acquire_v by_o the_o voluntary_a fact_n of_o a_o man_n wherein_o be_v handle_v the_o right_n of_o alienation_n of_o empire_n and_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v i._o to_o make_v a_o alienation_n valid_a what_o be_v require_v from_o the_o giver_n ii_o what_o be_v require_v from_o the_o receiver_n iii_o that_o empire_n may_v be_v alienate_v sometime_o by_o the_o king_n sometime_o by_o the_o people_n iv_o that_o the_o government_n over_o one_o part_n of_o a_o nation_n can_v be_v alienate_v by_o the_o people_n if_o that_o part_n dissent_n or_o be_v unwilling_a v._o neither_o can_v one_o part_n alienate_v the_o government_n over_o themselves_o unless_o in_o case_n of_o unavoidable_a necessity_n vi_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n of_o this_o vii_o that_o the_o empire_n over_o some_o place_n may_v be_v alienate_v viii_o that_o no_o part_n of_o a_o empire_n may_v be_v alienate_v by_o the_o king_n either_o for_o profit_n or_o necessity_n ix_o under_o this_o title_n of_o alienation_n all_o feoffment_n and_o mortgage_n be_v comprehend_v x._o so_o under_o empire_n be_v all_o lesser_a jurisdiction_n which_o can_v be_v alienate_v but_o by_o the_o special_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o custom_n xi_o no_o more_o can_v the_o people_n patrimony_n be_v alienate_v by_o the_o king_n xii_o that_o the_o fruit_n and_o mean_a profit_n of_o the_o patrimony_n must_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o patrimony_n itself_o xiii_o some_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n may_v be_v engage_v by_o the_o king_n for_o debt_n how_o far_o and_o why_o fourteen_o that_o a_o man_n testament_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o alienation_n and_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i._o what_o be_v requisite_a to_o a_o perfect_a alienation_n hitherto_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o original_a right_n now_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o right_n which_o we_o derive_v from_o another_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v either_o by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o person_n that_o give_v it_o or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o warrant_v it_o for_o that_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o thing_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o assign_v their_o interest_n either_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n unto_o other_o propriety_n be_v once_o introduce_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n place_v it_o in_o the_o very_a definition_n of_o dominion_n as_o if_o that_o only_o be_v true_o and_o simple_o we_o 5._o 1_o rhet._n 5._o which_o we_o have_v a_o right_a to_o alienate_v wherein_o two_o thing_n only_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v one_o in_o the_o donor_n the_o other_o in_o the_o donee_n first_o in_o the_o donor_n the_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o will_v only_o be_v not_o sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v declare_v by_o some_o overt_a act_n as_o by_o word_n or_o some_o other_o external_a sign_n for_o of_o the_o inward_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o be_v no_o competent_a judge_n neither_o be_v it_o congruous_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v also_o a_o public_a delivery_n of_o the_o thing_n transfer_v be_v require_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v now_o receive_v by_o most_o nation_n be_v though_o improper_o say_v to_o be_v require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v require_v that_o every_o alienation_n shall_v be_v publish_v either_o before_o the_o people_n or_o before_o the_o magistrate_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v also_o record_v all_o which_o do_v certain_o proceed_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n but_o because_o every_o alienation_n of_o a_o man_n right_n ought_v to_o be_v do_v with_o sound_a judgement_n therefore_o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n that_o be_v express_v by_o some_o overt_a sign_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o act_n of_o a_o mind_n endue_v with_o reason_n ii_o what_o in_o the_o receiver_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o receiver_n set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v natural_o requisite_a that_o he_o shall_v express_v
that_o as_o those_o alienation_n so_o these_o infeudation_n of_o kingdom_n which_o king_n have_v make_v without_o the_o people_n consent_n yea_o and_o the_o remission_n of_o homage_n too_o have_v by_o many_o people_n be_v make_v void_a now_o the_o people_n be_v say_v to_o consent_n either_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o they_o do_v meet_v to_o express_v it_o as_o the_o german_n and_o gaul_n be_v wont_a or_o when_o the_o several_a province_n do_v it_o by_o their_o deputy_n be_v thereunto_o sufficient_o authorise_v as_o in_o the_o german_a empire_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o prince_n elector_n do_v both_o by_o custom_n and_o covenant_n conclude_v all_o the_o order_n thereof_o in_o any_o alienation_n for_o whatsoever_o we_o do_v by_o another_o be_v repute_v our_o own_o act_n id_fw-la facimus_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la alium_fw-la facimus_fw-la so_o neither_o can_v any_o part_n of_o a_o empire_n be_v mortgage_v without_o the_o like_a consent_n not_o only_o because_o it_o usual_o introduce_v a_o alienation_n but_o for_o that_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o their_o subject_n to_o exercise_v the_o sovereign_a power_n by_o themselves_o and_o so_o be_v the_o people_n in_o general_a to_o their_o respective_a part_n to_o conserve_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o empire_n entire_a this_o be_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o their_o consociation_n x._o inferior_a jurisdiction_n not_o alienable_a by_o the_o king_n but_o as_o to_o other_o lesser_a civil_a function_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o people_n may_v not_o by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n grant_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n because_o they_o do_v not_o thereby_o diminish_v the_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o empire_n yet_o can_v a_o king_n do_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n if_o we_o consine_n ourselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n because_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o temporary_a power_n such_o as_o elective_a and_o legal_o successive_a kingdom_n be_v can_v be_v but_o temporary_a yet_o may_v the_o people_n as_o well_o by_o their_o express_a consent_n as_o by_o their_o long_a continue_a silence_n give_v that_o right_n to_o their_o king_n for_o so_o the_o history_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n do_v inform_v we_o that_o their_o king_n usurp_v this_o right_a do_v ancient_o give_v away_o whole_a town_n and_o province_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o a_o perpetual_a right_n xi_o not_o the_o people_n patrimony_n that_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n be_v among_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n a_o part_n of_o the_o common_a field_n the_o fruit_n whereof_o be_v design_v for_o the_o maintenance_n either_o of_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n can_v either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o any_o the_o least_o part_n thereof_o be_v alienate_v by_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o three_o state_n that_o be_v the_o clergy_n noble_n and_o commons_o because_o they_o have_v no_o right_n to_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o to_o the_o present_a profit_n no_o not_o to_o the_o small_a part_n of_o it_o as_o i_o have_v say_v for_o quod_fw-la meum_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la ejus_fw-la nec_fw-la exiguam_fw-la partem_fw-la alienare_fw-la mihi_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o i_o i_o can_v alienate_v the_o small_a part_n yet_o the_o people_n may_v soon_o be_v presume_v to_o consent_v by_o their_o knowledge_n and_o silence_n in_o such_o small_a matter_n than_o in_o great_a and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v presume_v in_o case_n of_o common_a profit_n or_o danger_n concern_v the_o alienation_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n if_o it_o be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a moment_n for_o that_o patrimony_n be_v at_o first_o institute_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o empire_n xii_o the_o patrimony_n to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o mean_a profit_n but_o many_o be_v deceive_v in_o that_o they_o do_v not_o right_o distinguish_v between_o the_o thing_n arise_v from_o the_o patrimony_n as_o its_o fruit_n or_o profit_n and_o the_o patrimony_n itself_o as_o for_o example_n the_o wash_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o river_n be_v patrimonial_a but_o the_o increment_n which_o the_o flood_n produce_v be_v but_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o it_o so_o the_o power_n and_o right_n of_o raise_v a_o tax_n be_v patrimonial_a but_o the_o money_n so_o raise_v be_v but_o the_o profit_n of_o that_o right_n the_o right_a to_o confiscate_v be_v patrimonial_a but_o the_o land_n confiscate_v be_v but_o the_o profit_n of_o that_o right_n xiii_o how_o far_o forth_o that_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n may_v be_v pawn_v by_o the_o king_n and_o why_o those_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n which_o be_v so_o design_v as_o aforesaid_a may_v upon_o just_a cause_n be_v pawn_v or_o mortgage_v by_o king_n that_o have_v full_a and_o absolute_a power_n that_o be_v that_o have_v power_n upon_o occasion_n to_o raise_v new_a tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n for_o as_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v such_o tax_n so_o be_v they_o likewise_o bind_v to_o satisfy_v that_o for_o which_o any_o part_n of_o their_o patrimony_n be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a pawn_v the_o redemption_n whereof_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o tribute_n for_o the_o very_a patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o pawn_n give_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o public_a debt_n and_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v thus_o pawn_v to_o i_o i_o also_o have_v a_o right_a to_o pawn_v to_o another_o yet_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v be_v of_o force_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v either_o enlarge_v or_o contract_v the_o power_n either_o of_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o people_n fourteen_o testament_n a_o kind_n of_o alienation_n this_o also_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o under_o this_o title_n of_o alienation_n we_o comprehend_v likewise_o testament_n for_o though_o testament_n as_o some_o other_o act_n also_o be_v behold_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o their_o form_n yet_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o near_o ally_v to_o dominion_n and_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o a_o man_n may_v by_o testament_n give_v away_o his_o estate_n not_o only_o full_o 7._o arist_n pol._n l._n 2._o c._n 7._o but_o under_o certain_a condition_n nor_o irrevocable_o only_a but_o with_o a_o power_n to_o revoke_v and_o yet_o he_o may_v still_o keep_v the_o possession_n of_o what_o he_o so_o give_v with_o a_o full_a right_n of_o enjoy_v it_o for_o a_o testament_n be_v a_o alienation_n of_o a_o man_n estate_n at_o his_o death_n and_o revocable_a till_o then_o and_o yet_o reserve_v in_o himself_o the_o full_a possession_n and_o absolute_a fruition_n during_o life_n 12._o quint._n pater_fw-la vide_fw-la supra_fw-la bo._n 1._o ch_n 3._o §._o 12._o and_o therefore_o solon_n in_o permit_v his_o citizen_n to_o make_v their_o testament_n make_v they_o absolute_a lord_n and_o proprietor_n of_o what_o they_o have_v sure_o our_o estate_n will_v be_v but_o burdensome_a unto_o we_o if_o the_o power_n we_o have_v in_o it_o during_o life_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o from_o we_o at_o our_o death_n abraham_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o right_n have_v he_o die_v childless_a have_v lest_o by_o his_o testament_n all_o his_o estate_n to_o eliezer_n as_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o gen._n 15.2_o and_o the_o make_n of_o testament_n be_v of_o frequent_a use_n among_o the_o hebrew_n as_o may_v appear_v deut._n 21.16_o ecclus_n 33.25_o but_o that_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o stranger_n to_o make_v their_o will_n be_v not_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o some_o country_n and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o enact_v in_o such_o a_o age_n when_o all_o stranger_n be_v account_v enemy_n and_o therefore_o among_o the_o more_o civilise_a nation_n have_v long_o since_o be_v wear_v out_o of_o use_n chap._n vii_o of_o that_o right_a that_o be_v acquire_v by_o law_n and_o of_o succession_n from_o a_o intestate_a i._o of_o the_o civil_a law_n some_o be_v unjust_a and_o therefore_o can_v transfer_v a_o right_n as_o in_o thing_n shipwrack_v ii_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n a_o right_o may_v by_o gain_v in_o thing_n take_v from_o another_o for_o a_o just_a debt_n and_o when_o iii_o how_o succession_n to_o a_o intestates_fw-la estate_n do_v natural_o arise_v iv_o whether_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n any_o part_n of_o the_o parent_n good_n be_v due_a to_o their_o child_n explain_v by_o distinction_n v._o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a prefer_v to_o the_o estate_n before_o their_o parent_n and_o why_o vi_o the_o original_a of_o representative_a succession_n vii_o of_o abdication_n and_o exheredation_n viii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o natural_a issue_n ix_o where_o be_v no_o child_n nor_o will_v nor_o certain_a law_n extant_a
warren_n have_v a_o owner_n but_o range_v in_o wood_n hedge_v about_o not_o as_o though_o fish_n enclose_v in_o a_o great_a pond_n can_v not_o be_v as_o well_o own_v as_o in_o a_o lesser_a and_o deer_n and_o coney_n as_o well_o possess_v in_o a_o well_o fence_v wood_n as_o in_o a_o park_n or_o warren_n see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o difference_n between_o they_o than_o that_o in_o the_o one_o they_o be_v close_a prisoner_n and_o in_o the_o other_o prisoner_n at_o large_a wherefore_o in_o this_o age_n of_o we_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v most_o prevalent_a that_o both_o deer_n in_o private_a wood_n and_o fish_n enclose_v in_o lake_n may_v be_v as_o possess_v so_o also_o hold_v in_o propriety_n iii_o that_o outly_a deer_n cease_v not_o be_v the_o owner_n can_v they_o be_v know_v in_o wild_a beast_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o recover_v their_o natural_a liberty_n we_o lose_v our_o property_n say_v the_o roman_a lawyer_n but_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n the_o dominion_n that_o be_v get_v by_o possession_n be_v not_o lose_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o possession_n nay_o it_o give_v we_o also_o a_o right_a to_o recover_v our_o possession_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v take_v away_o from_o we_o by_o another_o or_o stray_v away_o of_o itself_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o fugitive_n servant_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o the_o title_n we_o may_v retain_v though_o the_o possession_n be_v lose_v wherefore_o it_o seem_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n that_o our_o property_n be_v not_o lose_v mere_o because_o the_o beast_n that_o be_v wild_a have_v escape_v our_o custody_n but_o because_o it_o may_v probable_o be_v conjecture_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o recover_v they_o we_o have_v utter_o desert_v they_o especial_o when_o it_o can_v be_v know_v unto_o other_o that_o they_o be_v we_o but_o this_o conjecture_n may_v easy_o be_v wipe_v away_o by_o other_o conjecture_n as_o namely_o by_o affix_v unto_o they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o thing_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v know_v who_o they_o be_v as_o be_v usual_o do_v to_o heart_n hawk_n and_o the_o like_a to_o acquire_v a_o full_a dominion_n in_o thing_n natural_o wild_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o shall_v have_v a_o corporal_a possession_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o entitle_v ourselves_o to_o a_o deer_n that_o we_o have_v wound_v he_o but_o we_o must_v catch_v he_o too_o lest_o the_o proverb_n upbraid_v we_o with_o folly_n in_o start_v a_o hare_n for_o another_o to_o eat_v according_a to_o that_o of_o ovid_n et_fw-la lepus_fw-la hic_fw-la aliis_fw-la exagitatus_fw-la erit_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o lumbards_n he_o that_o kill_v a_o wild_a beast_n be_v first_o wound_v by_o another_o may_v take_v away_o the_o shoulder_n with_o the_o rib_n the_o rest_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o wound_v he_o if_o he_o claim_v it_o within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n otherwise_o not_o for_o as_o ovid_n well_o observe_v it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o know_v where_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o another_o to_o find_v it_o 5._o met._n 5._o iv_o possession_n how_o get_v by_o instrument_n as_o net_n etc._n etc._n now_o this_o possession_n may_v be_v gain_v either_o by_o hand_n only_o or_o by_o engine_n as_o by_o trap_n net_n snare_n begin_v etc._n etc._n provide_v first_o that_o those_o instrument_n be_v under_o our_o own_o power_n and_o second_o that_o the_o beast_n so_o take_v can_v escape_v and_o thus_o be_v the_o question_n decide_v concern_v a_o wild_a boar_n that_o be_v fall_v into_o a_o snare_n or_o toil_n v._o that_o wild_a beast_n shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v where_o no_o civil_a law_n intervene_v wherefore_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n be_v much_o mistake_v who_o think_v these_o right_n to_o be_v so_o natural_a that_o they_o can_v be_v change_v for_o they_o be_v not_o simple_o or_o absolute_o so_o but_o as_o thing_n at_o that_o time_n be_v before_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v of_o they_o the_o people_n of_o germany_n consult_v about_o some_o allowance_n to_o be_v give_v to_o their_o king_n and_o prince_n whereby_o to_o support_v their_o regal_a dignity_n think_v it_o prudence_n to_o begin_v with_o such_o thing_n as_o no_o private_a man_n can_v claim_v as_o his_o own_o which_o prudential_a course_n the_o egyptian_n also_o ancient_o take_v where_o the_o king_n attorney_n seize_v on_o all_o such_o thing_n to_o his_o master_n use_n but_o the_o law_n of_o itself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o transfer_v a_o propriety_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o already_o occupy_v the_o whale_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o shoar_n the_o portugal_n give_v unto_o their_o king_n vi_o possession_n of_o thing_n not_o own_v how_o gain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o wild_a beast_n be_v possess_v be_v all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n for_o nature_n do_v indifferent_o adjudge_v all_o such_o thing_n to_o the_o first_o finder_n and_o possessor_n of_o they_o thus_o be_v the_o island_n acanthos_n 29._o acanthos_n plut._n graec._n qu._n 29._o be_v desert_n adjudge_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o chalcis_n who_o first_o enter_v upon_o it_o and_o not_o unto_o the_o andrian_o who_o have_v first_o throw_v their_o dart_n into_o it_o because_o possession_n be_v take_v either_o by_o the_o apprehend_n of_o a_o thing_n if_o movable_a most_o by_o the_o hand_n or_o if_o immovable_a as_o of_o land_n by_o set_v our_o foot_n upon_o it_o for_o as_o the_o poet_n tell_v we_o scire_fw-la ubi_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la invenire_fw-la it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o know_v where_o a_o thing_n be_v unless_o we_o can_v find_v it_o vii_o money_n find_v who_o it_o be_v among_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d without_o a_o owner_n be_v treasure_n reckon_v that_o be_v money_n the_o owner_n whereof_o be_v unknown_a for_o thing_n that_o appear_v not_o be_v as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o wherefore_o such_o treasure_n be_v natural_o his_o that_o find_v and_o apprehend_v they_o yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o law_n and_o custom_n may_v dispose_v otherwise_o of_o they_o plato_n will_v have_v the_o finder_n to_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o magistrate_n 15._o philostr_n d._n 15._o or_o to_o take_v advice_n of_o a_o oracle_n apollonius_n look_v at_o such_o treasure_n as_o be_v a_o especial_a gift_n of_o god_n and_o adjudge_v it_o to_o he_o that_o be_v best_a belove_v of_o he_o lex_fw-la bibliorum_fw-la lex_fw-la it_o be_v scripture_n law_n quod_fw-la non_fw-la posuisti_fw-la ne_fw-la tollas_fw-la take_v not_o away_o what_o thou_o do_v not_o lay_v down_o the_o hebrew_n give_v such_o treasure_n to_o he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o it_o be_v find_v as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o that_o parable_n of_o our_o saviour_n concern_v treasure_n hide_v in_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v find_v he_o that_o find_v it_o sell_v all_o he_o have_v and_o buy_v the_o field_n mat._n 13.44_o so_o do_v the_o syrian_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o philostratus_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o in_o plautus_n his_o time_n this_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o roman_n the_o law_n of_o the_o empire_n do_v much_o vary_v about_o this_o as_o may_v appear_v partly_o by_o their_o constitution_n 16._o annal_n l._n 16._o and_o partly_o by_o the_o history_n of_o lampridius_n zonoras_n cedrenus_n and_o tacitus_n who_o write_v of_o the_o great_a treasure_n find_v in_o africa_n say_v which_o nero_n in_o his_o hope_n devour_v the_o german_n give_v such_o as_o also_o they_o do_v all_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o prince_n which_o be_v now_o so_o common_a every_o where_n that_o it_o may_v well_o pass_v for_o one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o it_o be_v this_o day_n observe_v in_o germany_n france_n england_n spain_n and_o denmark_n but_o this_o very_a same_o custom_n we_o read_v of_o among_o the_o goth_n 34._o lib._n 4._o c._n 34._o witness_n king_n theuderick_n in_o cassiodore_n non_fw-la est_fw-la cupiditas_fw-la eripere_fw-la quae_fw-la nullus_fw-la se_fw-la dominus_fw-la ingemescat_fw-la amisisse_fw-la it_o can_v be_v impute_v as_o covetousness_n to_o take_v that_o which_o no_o man_n have_v just_a reason_n to_o complain_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o and_o in_o another_o place_n those_o riches_n which_o have_v lie_v so_o long_o hide_v have_v lose_v their_o master_n by_o thy_o diligent_a inquisition_n be_v now_o we_o for_o since_o we_o permit_v every_o man_n free_o to_o enjoy_v his_o own_o king_n what_o be_v no_o man_n be_v the_o king_n what_o be_v no_o man_n aught_o to_o be_v we_o he_o may_v well_o be_v content_a to_o lose_v what_o he_o have_v find_v who_o know_v that_o in_o so_o do_v he_o lose_v nothing_o that_o be_v his_o
with_o the_o land_n not_o so_o much_o by_o any_o rigâ—â—_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n he_o that_o hold_v the_o fee_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o what_o the_o flood_n cast_v up_o xvi_o the_o argument_n whereby_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n will_v prove_v their_o law_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n answer_v the_o roman_a lawyer_n to_o prove_v the_o law_n by_o they_o use_v to_o be_v natural_a do_v often_o allege_v this_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v most_o natural_a that_o his_o shall_v be_v the_o profit_n of_o any_o thing_n who_o be_v the_o disprofit_v whereupon_o they_o infer_v that_o since_o the_o river_n waste_v a_o part_n of_o my_o land_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o of_o what_o it_o add_v to_o i_o i_o shall_v be_v the_o benefit_n but_o this_o rule_n hold_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o benefit_n arise_v from_o what_o be_v my_o own_o but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o arise_v from_o the_o river_n which_o be_v another_o but_o that_o that_o which_o perish_v shall_v perish_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o it_o be_v natural_a beside_o neither_o be_v that_o universal_o true_a that_o they_o allege_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o exception_n of_o ground_n limit_v which_o themselves_o admit_v not_o now_o to_o insist_v upon_o that_o which_o often_o come_v to_o pass_v natural_o that_o river_n do_v sometime_o impoverish_v and_o sometime_o enrich_v their_o neighbour_n field_n whence_o lucan_n thus_o illos_fw-la terra_fw-la fugit_fw-la dominos_fw-la his_fw-la rura_fw-la colonis_fw-la accedunt_fw-la donante_fw-la pado_n old_a lord_n forsake_v the_o earth_n do_v glide_v go_v new_a to_o enrich_v thanks_o to_o the_o river_n po._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o some_o be_v enrich_v and_o impoverish_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o river_n xvii_o whether_o a_o highway_n do_v stop_v the_o increment_n of_o a_o river_n but_o whereas_o also_o they_o say_v that_o a_o public_a way_n do_v not_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o increment_n of_o a_o river_n it_o have_v nothing_o of_o natural_a reason_n in_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o field_n be_v private_a through_o which_o such_o a_o way_n ought_v to_o pass_v xviii_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o be_v not_o natural_a among_o other_o mean_n whereby_o propriety_n by_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v acquire_v one_o be_v procreation_n wherein_o that_o which_o as_o well_o the_o roman_n as_o some_o other_o nation_n have_v determine_v namely_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o be_v not_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v 'samine_v say_v see_v ch_n 5._o §._o 29._o vid._n gall._n l._n 2._o the_o 'samine_v natural_a but_o only_o as_o the_o father_n be_v unknown_a for_o if_o the_o father_n by_o any_o probable_a mean_n can_v be_v discover_v why_o the_o child_n shall_v not_o as_o well_o be_v repute_v his_o as_o she_o no_o natural_a reason_n can_v be_v give_v since_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o what_o be_v so_o beget_v be_v a_o part_n of_o he_o that_o do_v beget_v it_o but_o whether_o of_o they_o do_v contribute_v most_o to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o child_n natural_a philosopher_n do_v not_o accord_v whereof_o notwithstanding_o plutarch_n speak_v thus_o nature_n say_v he_o do_v mix_v the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n and_o so_o confound_v they_o that_o what_o be_v thereby_o bear_v shall_v be_v common_a to_o they_o both_o and_o that_o neither_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v they_o from_o that_o which_o be_v the_o other_o and_o hereupon_o be_v the_o law_n both_o of_o the_o french_a and_o lumbards_n ground_v xix_o community_n may_v arise_v by_o give_v a_o new_a form_n to_o another_o matter_n if_o the_o matter_n belong_v to_o one_o and_o the_o form_n give_v by_o another_o the_o sabinian_o give_v the_o property_n to_o he_o who_o the_o matter_n be_v but_o proculus_n to_o he_o that_o give_v the_o form_n because_o he_o give_v it_o such_o a_o existence_n as_o before_o it_o have_v not_o at_o length_n a_o middle_a opinion_n creep_v in_o namely_o that_o if_o the_o matter_n can_v be_v reduce_v to_o its_o pristine_a form_n than_o shall_v the_o thing_n be_v he_o who_o give_v the_o matter_n but_o if_o it_o can_v not_o then_o shall_v it_o be_v his_o that_o give_v the_o form_n but_o this_o opinion_n please_v not_o connanus_n who_o will_v have_v no_o respect_n but_o to_o the_o value_n so_o that_o whether_o of_o they_o be_v of_o great_a value_n shall_v attract_v unto_o it_o that_o which_o be_v of_o lesser_a value_n by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v deliver_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n concern_v accession_n but_o if_o we_o look_v to_o the_o naked_a truth_n as_o by_o a_o commixture_n of_o several_a matter_n there_o arise_v a_o community_n to_o each_o according_a to_o proportion_n because_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v determine_v so_o when_o a_o thing_n be_v compound_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n as_o of_o its_o part_n if_o the_o matter_n or_o substance_n belong_v to_o one_o and_o the_o form_n to_o another_o which_o can_v be_v divide_v there_o must_v natural_o follow_v a_o community_n to_o each_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a proportion_n for_o the_o form_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n but_o not_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o ulpian_n in_o say_v that_o the_o form_n be_v change_v the_o substance_n be_v almost_o destroy_v xx._n yea_o though_o the_o matter_n be_v abuse_v but_o although_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o unjust_a that_o he_o that_o abuse_v the_o matter_n be_v another_o man_n shall_v lose_v the_o form_n he_o give_v it_o yet_o we_o must_v know_v that_o this_o be_v penal_a and_o therefore_o not_o natural_a for_o though_o it_o be_v natural_a that_o every_o delinquent_n shall_v be_v punish_v yet_o do_v not_o nature_n determine_v how_o nor_o do_v she_o of_o herself_o take_v away_o any_o man_n property_n for_o his_o offence_n xxi_o that_o the_o lesser_a shall_v yield_v to_o the_o great_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o prevalence_n be_v not_o natural_a but_o that_o the_o great_a part_n shall_v swallow_v up_o the_o lesser_a whereupon_o connanus_n ground_n his_o opinion_n though_o it_o be_v natural_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o fact_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o of_o natural_a right_n wherefore_o he_o that_o have_v but_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o field_n have_v as_o much_o right_n in_o that_o as_o he_o that_o have_v the_o other_o nineteen_o therefore_o what_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n have_v decree_v concern_v a_o acquisition_n gain_v by_o way_n of_o prevalence_n or_o what_o they_o have_v or_o may_v decree_v in_o other_o the_o like_a case_n be_v not_o justifyable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o better_a dispatch_n of_o business_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o repugnant_a unto_o nature_n because_o the_o law_n have_v a_o power_n to_o create_v dominion_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o question_n in_o the_o law_n juris_fw-la naturale_fw-la est_fw-la facti_fw-la non_fw-la juris_fw-la more_o various_o handle_v among_o lawyer_n than_o this_o for_o who_o can_v grant_v that_o if_o brass_n and_o gold_n be_v mix_v together_o they_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v as_o ulpian_n write_v or_o that_o if_o metal_n be_v solder_v together_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v confound_v as_o paulus_n ferruminatione_fw-la ferruminatione_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o that_o there_o be_v one_o rule_n for_o a_o picture_n another_o for_o a_o scripture_n that_o the_o table_n shall_v carry_v away_o this_o but_o not_o that_o xxii_o of_o thing_n plant_v or_o sow_v on_o another_o ground_n the_o fruit_n be_v natural_o to_o be_v communicate_v that_o thing_n plant_v or_o sow_o shall_v go_v with_o the_o soil_n be_v a_o dictate_v likewise_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n ground_v on_o this_o reason_n because_o they_o be_v nourish_v by_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o material_a question_n concern_v a_o tree_n whether_o it_o have_v take_v root_n but_o in_o case_n we_o look_v unto_o nature_n only_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o nourishment_n of_o a_o thing_n that_o have_v existence_n before_o give_v but_o augmentation_n to_o the_o thing_n nourish_v which_o be_v but_o a_o additional_a part_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o as_o there_o be_v a_o right_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o nourishment_n so_o sure_o there_o remain_v a_o right_n natural_o to_o he_o that_o own_v the_o plant_n or_o the_o seed_n without_o which_o the_o soil_n can_v not_o produce_v such_o fruit_n so_o that_o here_o also_o nature_n admit_v of_o a_o community_n no_o less_o than_o in_o a_o house_n build_v upon_o another_o
it_o much_o amiss_o what_o cynus_n and_o rainerius_n have_v deliver_v unto_o we_o that_o if_o the_o emperor_n either_o by_o sickness_n or_o by_o captivity_n be_v disable_v to_o perform_v his_o duty_n it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n to_o appoint_v a_o deputy_n or_o viceroy_n in_o his_o room_n xii_o that_o the_o person_n of_o the_o heir_n succeed_v to_o the_o person_n decease_v be_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v the_o propriety_n in_o any_o thing_n either_o private_a or_o public_a be_v of_o undoubted_a right_n xiii_o but_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o conqueror_n shall_v succeed_v to_o the_o conquer_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o war_n shall_v be_v explain_v chap._n x._o what_o obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n i._o the_o obligation_n to_o restore_v that_o which_o be_v another_o from_o whence_o and_o what_o manner_n of_o obligation_n it_o be_v ii_o a_o obligation_n to_o restore_v the_o profit_n of_o what_o be_v another_o this_o prove_v by_o many_o example_n iii_o he_o that_o make_v use_v of_o what_o be_v another_o think_v it_o to_o be_v his_o own_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o restitution_n if_o the_o thing_n perish_v iv_o yet_o be_v the_o same_o person_n bind_v to_o restore_v the_o fruit_n in_o be_v v._o yea_o and_o those_o that_o be_v spend_v unless_o it_o appear_v that_o otherwise_o he_o have_v not_o spend_v they_o vi_o but_o not_o those_o that_o he_o neglect_v to_o gather_v vii_o nor_o those_o that_o he_o have_v give_v away_o to_o other_o this_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n viii_o nor_o if_o he_o sell_v only_o what_o he_o buy_v explain_v by_o a_o like_a distinction_n ix_o when_o he_o that_o honest_o buy_v of_o one_o man_n what_o be_v real_o another_o may_v reserve_v the_o price_n or_o part_n of_o it_o x._o another_o man_n good_n be_v buy_v can_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o that_o sell_v they_o but_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n xi_o he_o that_o be_v possess_v of_o a_o thing_n that_o no_o man_n can_v just_o claim_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o yield_v it_o up_o to_o any_o xii_o what_o be_v receive_v be_v due_a though_o for_o some_o bad_a cause_n or_o otherwise_o be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v natural_o xiii_o the_o opinion_n that_o what_o consist_v in_o number_n weight_n or_o measure_n may_v be_v alienate_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n refell_v i._o restitution_n have_v thus_o sufficient_o as_o to_o our_o purpose_n unfold_v what_o right_o or_o dominion_n we_o may_v have_v over_o thing_n or_o person_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v what_o obligation_n lie_v against_o we_o upon_o this_o account_n now_o this_o arise_v either_o out_o of_o thing_n extant_a wherein_o also_o i_o include_v person_n if_o profitable_a unto_o we_o or_o out_o of_o thing_n not_o yet_o extant_a out_o of_o thing_n or_o person_n appear_v there_o natural_o arise_v this_o obligation_n that_o he_o that_o have_v in_o his_o power_n that_o which_o of_o right_a be_v i_o shall_v endeavour_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v that_o it_o may_v be_v restore_v unto_o i_o among_o other_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n this_o be_v one_o that_o thing_n find_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o right_a owner_n 22.1_o deut._n 22.1_o which_o be_v ground_v as_o well_o upon_o natural_a equity_n as_o upon_o that_o in_o deuteronomy_n where_o we_o read_v thus_o thou_o shall_v not_o see_v thy_o brother_n ox_n or_o his_o ass_n go_v astray_o and_o hide_v thyself_o from_o they_o but_o thou_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a bring_v it_o home_o again_o unto_o thy_o brother_n etc._n etc._n many_o there_o be_v say_v hierom_n who_o think_v that_o what_o they_o find_v though_o of_o another_o man_n they_o may_v keep_v without_o offence_n leu._n in_o leu._n that_o say_v deus_fw-la mihi_fw-la dedit_fw-la cvi_fw-la habeo_fw-la reddere_fw-la god_n have_v give_v it_o i_o to_o who_o shall_v i_o restore_v it_o but_o let_v they_o know_v say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n next_o to_o that_o of_o theft_n not_o to_o restore_v what_o we_o have_v so_o find_v so_o likewise_o st._n augustine_n si_fw-mi quid_fw-la invenisti_fw-la &_o non_fw-la reddidisti_fw-la rapuisti_fw-la 5._o ser._n 9_o de_fw-fr verb._n domini_fw-la grat._n c._n 14._o q._n 5._o if_o what_o thou_o have_v find_v thou_o restore_v not_o thou_o have_v rob_v thy_o neighbour_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o so_o long_o as_o a_o man_n enjoy_v that_o which_o he_o know_v not_o to_o belong_v to_o another_o he_o may_v be_v honest_a for_o his_o ignorance_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o detention_n but_o be_v once_o convince_v of_o his_o error_n then_o if_o he_o restore_v not_o he_o may_v just_o be_v repute_v a_o usurper_n as_o for_o my_o part_n say_v bellisarius_fw-la i_o make_v but_o little_a difference_n between_o he_o that_o know_o detain_v what_o be_v another_o man_n 2._o proc._n goth._n l._n 2._o and_o he_o that_o be_v a_o thief_n or_o a_o robber_n pari_fw-la loco_fw-la habeo_fw-la res_fw-la alienas_fw-la non_fw-la reddentem_fw-la cum_fw-la raptore_fw-la yet_o do_v this_o obligation_n reach_v no_o far_o than_o as_o far_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v for_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o impossibility_n nor_o to_o restore_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v lose_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n but_o to_o declare_v his_o knowledge_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n that_o so_o if_o he_o please_v he_o may_v recover_v they_o for_o as_o there_o be_v a_o equality_n to_o be_v observe_v where_o any_o thing_n be_v hold_v in_o common_a that_o it_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o no_o less_o by_o one_o than_o another_o so_o dominion_n be_v once_o admit_v this_o be_v mutual_o agree_v on_o between_o the_o proprietor_n that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v possess_v of_o another_o man_n good_n he_o shall_v restore_v they_o to_o their_o right_a owner_n now_o if_o this_o obligation_n extend_v no_o far_a than_o to_o restore_v upon_o demand_n it_o will_v both_o too_o much_o weaken_v the_o future_a property_n and_o aggravate_v the_o charge_n of_o keep_v the_o thing_n lose_v neither_o be_v it_o in_o this_o place_n regard_v whether_o a_o man_n have_v get_v the_o possession_n of_o another_o man_n good_n honest_o or_o dishonest_o for_o there_o be_v one_o manner_n of_o obligation_n arise_v from_o the_o crime_n and_o another_o arise_v from_o the_o thing_n hold_v and_o detain_v by_o that_o crime_n the_o lacedaemonian_n think_v they_o have_v expiate_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o theban_n by_o lay_v a_o heavy_a fine_a upon_o phaebidus_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o league_n between_o they_o and_o the_o theban_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o cadmaean_a fort_n though_o they_o restore_v it_o not_o but_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v all_o grâ—â—e_n stand_v amaze_v at_o their_o injustice_n quod_fw-la cujus_fw-la facinoris_fw-la authorem_fw-la poena_fw-la affecissent_fw-la facinus_fw-la tamen_fw-la reipsa_fw-la approbarent_fw-la in_o that_o they_o punish_v the_o offendor_n yet_o in_o effect_n justify_v his_o offence_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v of_o bajazet_n record_v by_o leunclavius_n the_o former_a plutarch_n attribute_n to_o the_o advice_n of_o agesilaus_n who_o persuade_v the_o city_n agâ—silao_n plâ—â—_n agâ—silao_n to_o transfer_v the_o blame_n upon_o he_o but_o to_o preserve_v the_o fort_n to_o themselves_o but_o this_o kind_n of_o injustice_n be_v singular_a be_v usual_o as_o xenophon_n note_n punish_v by_o the_o especial_a providence_n of_o god_n 5._o hist_o cyr._n l._n 5._o thus_o be_v m._n crassus_n and_o qu._n hortensius_n much_o blame_v by_o cicero_n for_o detain_v part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n which_o be_v get_v by_o a_o testament_n that_o be_v forge_v though_o not_o by_o any_o fault_n of_o they_o but_o because_o this_o obligation_n as_o by_o a_o universal_a contract_n bind_v all_o man_n and_o create_v a_o certain_a right_n to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o thing_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o singular_a contract_n as_o be_v post-nate_a do_v from_o hence_o receive_v their_o exception_n which_o seem_v to_o illustrate_v that_o of_o tryphoninus_n a_o thief_n deliver_v that_o whereof_o he_o have_v rob_v i_o to_o sejus_n to_o keep_v for_o he_o right_n restitution_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o right_a owner_n and_o not_o to_o he_o who_o have_v usurp_a another_o right_n who_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o theft_n now_o the_o question_n be_v to_o who_o be_v sejus_n bind_v to_o restore_v it_o if_o we_o look_v only_o to_o the_o giver_n and_o receiver_n it_o be_v just_a that_o the_o thing_n entrust_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o that_o give_v it_o but_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o matter_n which_o take_v in_o all_o the_o person_n concern_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v restore_v doubtless_o to_o i_o from_o who_o it_o be_v fraudulent_o take_v whereunto_o he_o add_v et_fw-la probo_fw-la hanc_fw-la esse_fw-la justitiam_fw-la quae_fw-la
suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la ita_fw-la tribuit_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la distrahatur_fw-la ab_fw-la ullius_fw-la personae_fw-la justiore_fw-la repetitione_n and_o this_o i_o approve_v of_o to_o be_v justice_n which_o so_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o that_o it_o be_v not_o withhold_v from_o the_o just_a claim_n of_o any_o other_o person_n that_o have_v a_o right_a unto_o it_o now_o his_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o just_a title_n that_o claim_v by_o a_o right_a as_o ancient_a as_o propriety_n itself_o whence_o it_o likewise_o follow_v that_o he_o that_o ignorant_o accept_v of_o that_o from_o another_o in_o trust_n which_o afterward_o he_o know_v to_o be_v his_o own_o can_v be_v bind_v to_o restore_v it_o and_o the_o case_n which_o the_o same_o tryphoninus_n put_v concern_v good_n deposit_v by_o he_o who_o whole_a estate_n be_v before_o confiscate_v be_v better_a determine_v by_o this_o rule_n than_o by_o that_o which_o he_o there_o produce_v concern_v the_o profit_n gain_v by_o punishment_n for_o if_o we_o look_v strict_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o propriety_n it_o matter_n not_o whether_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o either_o way_n it_o carry_v with_o it_o all_o thing_n natural_a unto_o itself_o whereof_o this_o be_v one_o that_o every_o person_n be_v possess_v of_o another_o man_n good_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v restitution_n thereof_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n and_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o martianus_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o possident_fw-la res_fw-la condici_fw-la possunt_fw-la ab_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la justa_fw-la causa_fw-la possident_fw-la that_o good_n may_v by_o personal_a action_n at_o law_n be_v require_v from_o those_o who_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n be_v possess_v of_o they_o and_o from_o hence_o also_o spring_v that_o in_o ulpian_n he_o that_o find_v what_o be_v another_o be_v so_o strict_o bind_v to_o restore_v it_o that_o he_o can_v so_o much_o as_o require_v a_o reward_n for_o the_o find_n of_o it_o but_o he_o be_v to_o restore_v it_o with_o its_o fruit_n if_o any_o be_v save_v only_o to_o himself_o his_o reasonable_a charge_n ii_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o what_o belong_v to_o another_o of_o thing_n not_o extant_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n run_v thus_o that_o if_o another_o be_v enrich_v by_o what_o be_v i_o i_o not_o enjoy_v my_o own_o he_o stand_v oblige_v to_o restore_v to_o i_o so_o much_o as_o he_o be_v make_v the_o rich_a by_o what_o be_v i_o because_o as_o to_o that_o which_o he_o have_v gain_v by_o what_o be_v i_o he_o have_v the_o more_o and_o i_o for_o want_v of_o what_o be_v my_o own_o have_v the_o less_o by_o so_o much_o as_o he_o have_v gain_v for_o dominion_n be_v therefore_o general_o agree_v on_o that_o every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o proportion_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o own_o contra_fw-la naturam_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o cicero_n off._n 3._o ex_fw-la hominis_fw-la incommodo_fw-la suum_fw-la augere_fw-la commodum_fw-la for_o one_o man_n to_o enrich_v himself_o by_o that_o which_o be_v another_o man_n loss_n be_v unnatural_a say_v cicero_n and_o in_o another_o place_n that_o we_o shall_v build_v up_o our_o own_o power_n fortune_n or_o wealth_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o other_o man_n nature_n itself_o will_v not_o permit_v there_o be_v so_o much_o of_o natural_a reason_n in_o this_o say_n that_o the_o lawyer_n be_v enforce_v to_o decline_v the_o prescript_n rule_v of_o their_o law_n and_o to_o determine_v many_o case_n by_o this_o of_o equity_n as_o be_v the_o most_o convince_a a_o contract_n make_v by_o a_o servant_n be_v a_o factor_n shall_v bind_v his_o master_n unless_o proclamation_n be_v first_o make_v that_o no_o credit_n shall_v be_v give_v unto_o he_o but_o yet_o although_o such_o proclamation_n be_v make_v if_o that_o servant_n make_v any_o profit_n thereby_o either_o to_o himself_o or_o put_v it_o to_o his_o master_n account_n it_o shall_v be_v judge_v a_o fraud_n videtur_fw-la enim_fw-la dolum_fw-la malum_fw-la facere_fw-la qui_fw-la ex_fw-la aliena_fw-la jactura_fw-la lucrum_fw-la quaerat_fw-la for_o he_o seem_v to_o deal_v deceitful_o that_o make_v himself_o rich_a by_o another_o man_n loss_n where_o the_o word_n dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la signify_v whatsoever_o be_v repugnant_a to_o natural_a right_n and_o equity_n if_o a_o wife_n shall_v give_v unto_o her_o husband_n money_n which_o by_o the_o law_n she_o may_v require_v of_o he_o again_o the_o wife_n shall_v have_v either_o a_o personal_a action_n against_o her_o husband_n or_o shall_v relieve_v herself_o by_o that_o which_o be_v buy_v with_o her_o money_n because_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o husband_n be_v make_v the_o rich_a by_o it_o and_o therefore_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v make_v what_o he_o possess_v that_o be_v buy_v with_o her_o money_n so_o again_o if_o thou_o have_v spend_v or_o otherwise_o dispose_v of_o money_n which_o my_o servant_n have_v steal_v from_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v his_o i_o have_v a_o good_a action_n against_o thou_o for_o this_o reason_n because_o my_o good_n come_v into_o thy_o possession_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n pupil_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pay_v what_o they_o borrow_v yet_o if_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v the_o rich_a by_o what_o they_o borrow_v a_o action_n shall_v lie_v against_o they_o so_o likewise_o if_o thou_o contract_a with_o my_o debtor_n not_o as_o i_o but_o suppose_v he_o to_o be_v another_o man_n and_o borrow_v my_o money_n of_o he_o thou_o stand_v bind_v to_o pay_v i_o not_o because_o i_o trust_v thou_o with_o my_o money_n which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o mutual_a consent_n but_o because_o my_o money_n come_v into_o thy_o possession_n it_o be_v both_o just_a and_o righteous_a that_o thou_o shall_v restore_v it_o to_o i_o as_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n our_o modern_a lawyer_n do_v prudent_o judge_v of_o other_o the_o like_a case_n by_o these_o as_o namely_o that_o he_o who_o good_n whilst_o he_o lay_v conceal_v have_v be_v sell_v when_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o exception_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n that_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o sale_n of_o they_o and_o that_o he_o that_o accommodate_v the_o father_n with_o money_n for_o his_o son_n maintenance_n if_o the_o father_n be_v not_o able_a to_o discharge_v the_o debt_n shall_v have_v his_o action_n against_o the_o son_n if_o he_o enjoy_v any_o good_n that_o be_v his_o mother_n these_o two_o rule_n be_v thorough_o understand_v may_v guide_v we_o to_o give_v satisfaction_n in_o such_o case_n of_o conscience_n as_o be_v usual_o by_o as_o well_o lawyer_n as_o divine_n propose_v iii_o he_o that_o use_v another_o think_v it_o his_o own_o not_o bind_v to_o restore_v if_o the_o thing_n perish_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o hence_o appear_v that_o he_o that_o be_v possess_v of_o what_o be_v another_o yet_o think_v it_o to_o be_v his_o own_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o make_v any_o restitution_n if_o the_o thing_n itself_o so_o possess_v do_v perish_v because_o he_o have_v neither_o the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o any_o gain_n by_o it_o but_o he_o that_o know_o possess_v what_o be_v another_o be_v bind_v not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o for_o his_o fact_n in_o detain_v it_o iv_o yet_o be_v he_o bind_v to_o restore_v the_o fruit_n in_o be_v if_o any_o be_v second_o he_o that_o through_o ignorance_n possess_v another_o right_n be_v bind_v to_o restore_v not_o only_o the_o thing_n but_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v extant_a the_o fruit_n i_o say_v of_o the_o thing_n but_o not_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o own_o labour_n for_o though_o without_o the_o thing_n those_o fruit_n can_v not_o be_v perceive_v yet_o be_v they_o not_o due_a to_o the_o thing_n itself_o which_o without_o his_o labour_n can_v not_o have_v produce_v they_o now_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o obligation_n arise_v from_o propriety_n for_o he_o that_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v natural_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o fruit_n arise_v from_o the_o thing_n v._o yea_o and_o those_o that_o be_v consume_v unless_o otherwise_o he_o have_v not_o spend_v they_o three_o he_o that_o unknowing_o possess_v another_o man_n good_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v restitution_n both_o of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o the_o fruit_n that_o be_v spend_v if_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o must_v otherwise_o have_v spend_v as_o much_o of_o what_o be_v his_o own_o because_o he_o be_v by_o that_o so_o much_o the_o rich_a this_o suetonius_n high_o commend_v in_o caligula_n that_o those_o who_o he_o restore_v to_o their_o kingdom_n he_o likewise_o restore_v to_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o they_o for_o half_a the_o time_n they_o stand_v exile_v vi_o but_o not_o for_o those_o which_o he_o
neglect_v to_o perceive_v four_o that_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o make_v good_a that_o which_o he_o neglect_v to_o perceive_v because_o he_o neither_o have_v the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o any_o thing_n that_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o it_o vii_o nor_o those_o that_o he_o have_v give_v away_o this_o explain_v five_o if_o such_o a_o possessor_n shall_v give_v to_o another_o that_o which_o be_v give_v to_o he_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o restore_v it_o unless_o in_o case_n he_o have_v not_o give_v that_o he_o must_v have_v give_v as_o much_o other_o way_n by_o spare_v which_o he_o be_v so_o much_o the_o rich_a six_o if_o he_o sell_v the_o thing_n he_o buy_v he_o be_v not_o oblige_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o the_o overplus_n of_o the_o price_n it_o be_v buy_v for_o but_o if_o he_o sell_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v give_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o restore_v the_o price_n unless_o he_o have_v prodigal_o spend_v it_o which_o have_v it_o not_o be_v so_o give_v he_o have_v not_o so_o spend_v viii_o nor_o if_o he_o sell_v what_o he_o buy_v ix_o when_o he_o that_o sell_v what_o be_v another_o may_v reserve_v the_o price_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o seven_o that_o another_o man_n good_n though_o bona_fw-la fide_fw-la buy_v must_v be_v restore_v neither_o may_v the_o price_n give_v for_o they_o be_v require_v from_o the_o owner_n unto_o which_o rule_n we_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o add_v this_o exception_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o proprietor_n can_v not_o probable_o recover_v the_o possession_n of_o what_o be_v he_o without_o some_o charge_n as_o when_o thing_n be_v possess_v by_o pirate_n 5._o pirate_n ter._n heaut_n act._n 4._o scen._n 4_o 5._o for_o in_o this_o case_n what_o the_o owner_n will_v willing_o have_v spend_v to_o have_v recover_v his_o good_n may_v be_v deduct_v by_o he_o that_o deliver_v they_o for_o the_o very_a regain_n of_o the_o possession_n be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o charge_n and_o difficulty_n be_v according_o to_o be_v value_v which_o charge_n and_o trouble_v be_v save_v the_o right_a owner_n have_v thus_o lose_v his_o thing_n be_v repute_v by_o so_o much_o the_o rich_a and_o therefore_o since_o the_o buy_v this_o thing_n in_o the_o ordinary_a judgement_n of_o the_o law_n be_v of_o no_o value_n yet_o as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n say_v it_o be_v valuable_a if_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o what_o be_v we_o be_v at_o present_a in_o another_o man_n power_n may_v be_v buy_v and_o where_o thing_n so_o buy_v be_v strict_o require_v by_o the_o owner_n without_o any_o moderate_a allowance_n supradicto_fw-la summam_fw-la jus_fw-la summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la ter._n loc_fw-la supradicto_fw-la though_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o have_v this_o rigour_n so_o much_o of_o injustice_n in_o it_o as_o the_o one_o be_v a_o gainer_n by_o the_o other_o loss_n nor_o do_v i_o here_o require_v that_o the_o thing_n shall_v be_v buy_v with_o a_o intent_n to_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o owner_n in_o which_o case_n actionem_fw-la negotiorum_fw-la actionem_fw-la that_o a_o action_n of_o negotiation_n may_v arise_v as_o there_o be_v some_o that_o affirm_v so_o there_o be_v other_o that_o deny_v for_o such_o a_o action_n arise_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n neither_o have_v it_o any_o of_o those_o ground_n or_o principle_n whereupon_o nature_n introduce_v this_o obligation_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o which_o ulpian_n relate_v of_o funeral_n charge_n wherein_o a_o prudent_a judge_n do_v not_o always_o walk_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n as_o in_o mere_a action_n of_o negotiation_n but_o give_v himself_o a_o loose_a rein_v which_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o a_o action_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v and_o that_o which_o the_o same_o ulpian_n in_o another_o place_n say_v if_o any_o man_n mis-wage_a my_o affair_n not_o so_o much_o regard_v i_o as_o his_o own_o profit_n and_o shall_v disburse_v money_n in_o so_o do_v he_o shall_v recover_v by_o his_o action_n not_o according_a to_o what_o he_o lay_v out_o but_o according_a to_o the_o benefit_n that_o i_o receive_v by_o it_o so_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o good_n as_o in_o a_o tempest_n to_o secure_v the_o rest_n be_v cast_v overboard_o shall_v recover_v a_o part_n of_o their_o loss_n from_o those_o who_o good_n remain_v entire_a because_o he_o who_o good_n be_v so_o preserve_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o i_o be_v by_o my_o damage_n make_v the_o rich_a x._o another_o man_n good_n be_v sell_v can_v be_v restore_v but_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n eight_o he_o that_o buy_v another_o man_n good_n can_v restore_v they_o back_o to_o he_o that_o sell_v they_o to_o recover_v the_o price_n he_o pay_v for_o they_o because_o as_o soon_o as_o those_o good_n do_v come_v under_o his_o power_n as_o we_o say_v already_o the_o obligation_n begin_v to_o restore_v they_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n xi_o where_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v not_o know_v we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o restitution_n nine_o he_o that_o be_v possess_v of_o a_o thing_n and_o be_v ignorant_a who_o it_o be_v be_v not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n bind_v to_o give_v it_o to_o the_o poor_a though_o it_o be_v very_o pious_a so_o to_o do_v and_o in_o many_o place_n be_v well_o order_v to_o be_v so_o dispose_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o by_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n no_o man_n can_v claim_v a_o interest_n in_o it_o but_o the_o proprietor_n but_o to_o he_o that_o be_v ignorant_a who_o that_o be_v it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o it_o have_v none_o for_o de_fw-fr non_fw-la entibus_fw-la &_o non_fw-la apparentibus_fw-la eadem_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la of_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o and_o of_o thing_n that_o appear_v not_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n as_o to_o he_o to_o who_o they_o appear_v not_o xii_o what_o be_v receive_v if_o due_a whether_o the_o cause_n be_v honest_a or_o dishonest_a be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v natural_o ten_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whatsoever_o be_v receive_v which_o another_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v be_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o obligation_n honest_a or_o dishonest_a be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v although_o even_o this_o also_o be_v introduce_v by_o some_o law_n and_o that_o not_o without_o cause_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o no_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o restitution_n unless_o that_o thing_n belong_v to_o another_o man_n but_o in_o this_o case_n he_o that_o be_v the_o right_a owner_n before_o have_v willing_o transfer_v his_o right_n to_o another_o but_o it_o will_v be_v another_o thing_n where_o the_o manner_n of_o receive_v it_o be_v vicious_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o extortion_n for_o this_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o obligation_n whereof_o we_o discourse_v not_o at_o present_a 54._o present_a vid._n st._n aug._n ep._n 54._o xiii_o the_o opinion_n confute_v that_o hold_v that_o thing_n consist_v in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n may_v be_v transfer_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n neither_o be_v that_o true_a which_o be_v deliver_v by_o medina_n namely_o that_o the_o property_n of_o other_o man_n good_n may_v come_v unto_o we_o without_o the_o owner_n consent_n in_o case_n they_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v usual_o value_v by_o weight_n number_n or_o measure_n for_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n may_v be_v restore_v in_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n which_o be_v true_a if_o it_o be_v do_v with_o consent_n or_o if_o either_o by_o law_n or_o custom_n such_o a_o consent_n may_v be_v reasonable_o presume_v as_o when_o we_o restore_v what_o we_o borrow_v or_o when_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v spend_v or_o consume_v we_o restore_v the_o like_a in_o quantity_n and_o quality_n but_o without_o such_o a_o consent_n either_o express_v or_o presume_v and_o set_v aside_o case_n of_o necessity_n this_o give_v of_o one_o thing_n for_o another_o be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v of_o chap._n xi_o of_o promise_n i._o that_o natural_o a_o right_o may_v arise_v from_o promise_n the_o contrary_a opinion_n refute_v ii_o a_o bare_a assertion_n oblige_v not_o iii_o that_o natural_o a_o single_a promise_n oblige_v but_o from_o thence_o no_o right_n accrue_v to_o another_o iu._n what_o that_o promise_n be_v from_o whence_o a_o right_a arise_v to_o another_o v._o first_n it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o promiser_n have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n distinguish_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n about_o minor_n vi_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o error_n whether_o it_o oblige_v natural_o and_o how_o far_o vii_o a_o promise_v make_v out_o of_o fear_n bind_v yet_o be_v he_o that_o cause_v that_o fear_v bind_v to_o remit_v the_o promiser_n viii_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v
valid_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o promiser_n to_o fulfil_v it_o ix_o whether_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o something_o that_o be_v vicious_a do_v natural_o oblige_v explain_v by_o distinction_n x._o what_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o gain_v something_o that_o be_v before_o due_a xi_o the_o form_n of_o a_o firm_a promise_n xii_o the_o manner_n how_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v valid_o make_v by_o other_o where_o also_o be_v discuss_v that_o of_o ambassador_n exceed_v their_o commission_n xiii_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o factor_n how_o far_o they_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n where_o also_o be_v observe_v the_o error_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n fourteen_o to_o make_v a_o promise_n valid_a acception_n in_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v be_v requisite_a xv._o whether_o this_o acception_n ought_v to_o be_v certify_v to_o the_o promiser_n explain_v by_o distinction_n xvi_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v revoke_v the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v die_v before_o its_o acceptance_n xvii_o whether_o it_o be_v revocable_a the_o person_n die_v by_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v send_v explain_v by_o distinction_n xviii_o whether_o a_o promise_v be_v revocable_a be_v accept_v by_o another_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xix_o in_o what_o time_n a_o charge_n may_v be_v add_v to_o a_o promise_n xx._n how_o a_o weak_a promise_n may_v be_v make_v firm_a and_o valid_a xxi_o a_o promise_v make_v without_o cause_n be_v not_o natural_o void_a xxii_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o how_o far_o it_o oblige_v natural_o i._o that_o natural_o a_o right_o may_v arise_v from_o promise_n by_o our_o method_n former_o design_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o obligation_n make_v by_o promise_n where_o we_o find_v franciscus_n connanus_n a_o man_n eminent_o learn_v oppose_v we_o who_o hold_v that_o those_o promise_n that_o be_v not_o make_v for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n oblige_v not_o either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n and_o yet_o he_o confess_v that_o they_o may_v just_o be_v perform_v in_o case_n the_o thing_n promise_v be_v such_o as_o may_v just_o and_o honest_o be_v fulfil_v though_o no_o such_o promise_n have_v be_v make_v to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n he_o produce_v not_o only_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o lawyer_n but_o these_o reason_n also_o first_o that_o he_o who_o believe_v every_o rash_a promise_n causeless_o make_v be_v no_o less_o to_o be_v blame_v than_o he_o that_o believe_v none_o at_o all_o second_o that_o it_o will_v endanger_v most_o man_n fortune_n be_v man_n bind_v to_o perform_v all_o their_o promise_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v make_v more_o out_o of_o ostentation_n than_o a_o premeditate_a will_n and_o purpose_n to_o fulfil_v they_o last_o that_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o some_o thing_n shall_v be_v leave_v to_o every_o man_n honesty_n and_o not_o to_o reduce_v all_o promise_n to_o a_o necessity_n of_o performance_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v dishonest_a not_o to_o perform_v what_o we_o have_v promise_v the_o meaning_n be_v not_o that_o it_o be_v unjust_a but_o that_o it_o argue_v lightness_n and_o inconstancy_n in_o the_o promiser_n thus_o plead_v connanus_n urge_v beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o cicero_n who_o deny_v that_o those_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v to_o they_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v unprofitable_a or_o that_o infer_v more_o damage_n to_o he_o that_o make_v they_o than_o benefit_n to_o they_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v but_o yet_o in_o case_n the_o matter_n be_v not_o entire_a something_o have_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o one_o party_n than_o he_o will_v have_v the_o other_o party_n oblige_v not_o unto_o all_o that_o be_v promise_v but_o unto_o that_o only_a that_o be_v in_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o for_o those_o agreement_n that_o of_o themselves_o be_v not_o bind_v they_o receive_v their_o oblige_a power_n either_o from_o the_o contract_n wherein_o they_o be_v or_o whereunto_o they_o be_v adjoin_v or_o from_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o thing_n from_o whence_o arise_v partly_o action_n partly_o exception_n and_o prohibit_v reclaim_v but_o as_o to_o those_o that_o may_v have_v their_o obligatory_a power_n according_a to_o the_o law_n as_o those_o make_v by_o stipulation_n with_o some_o other_o they_o receive_v their_o bind_a faculty_n from_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n who_o efficacy_n be_v such_o as_o to_o make_v that_o which_o in_o itself_o be_v only_o honest_a to_o be_v even_o necessary_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o connanus_n take_v so_o general_o as_o he_o seem_v to_o express_v it_o can_v be_v current_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o will_v thence_o follow_v that_o those_o article_n of_o agreement_n that_o be_v make_v between_o king_n and_o between_o the_o people_n of_o diverse_a nation_n so_o long_o as_o nothing_o be_v on_o either_o side_n perform_v be_v of_o no_o force_n especial_o in_o such_o place_n where_o be_v no_o set_a form_n of_o league_n or_o sponsion_n find_v beside_o no_o reason_n can_v possible_o be_v give_v why_o law_n which_o be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v so_o many_o common_a covenant_n or_o promise_n of_o the_o people_n for_o so_o both_o aristotle_n and_o demosthenes_n term_v they_o shall_v add_v such_o a_o oblige_a force_n unto_o agreement_n and_o yet_o that_o every_o man_n own_o will_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o oblige_v itself_o can_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n especial_o where_o the_o civil_a law_n give_v no_o restraint_n or_o impediment_n unto_o it_o whereunto_o add_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v transfer_v by_o the_o will_n be_v sufficient_o declare_v and_o why_o therefore_o may_v not_o the_o will_v have_v the_o same_o right_n over_o a_o person_n either_o to_o transfer_v domiminion_n which_o right_o be_v less_o than_o dominion_n itself_o or_o to_o do_v something_o see_v that_o we_o have_v the_o same_o power_n over_o our_o action_n as_o we_o have_v over_o our_o good_n and_o herein_o likewise_o we_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o learned_a nay_o the_o hebrew_n hold_v that_o where_o the_o thing_n consult_v about_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o delay_n our_o silence_n be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o sponsion_n for_o as_o the_o lawyer_n say_v no_o title_n can_v be_v natural_o more_o assure_v than_o that_o which_o the_o proprietor_n do_v willing_o transfer_v to_o another_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v nothing_o so_o fit_a to_o preserve_v faithful_a deal_n among_o man_n as_o to_o observe_v and_o perform_v whatsoever_o be_v promise_v and_o agree_v upon_o between_o themselves_o so_o a_o decree_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n promise_v though_o there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n assign_v why_o it_o shall_v be_v due_a but_o the_o free_a consent_n of_o he_o that_o promise_v it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n he_o say_v paulus_n the_o lawyer_n do_v natural_o owe_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n must_v give_v indebiti_fw-la condictione_fw-la indebiti_fw-la upon_o who_o word_n and_o promise_n we_o have_v rely_v where_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o word_n oportet_fw-la must_v imply_v a_o kind_n of_o necessity_n neither_o may_v we_o admit_v of_o that_o which_o connanus_n take_v as_o grant_v that_o we_o be_v then_o say_v to_o rely_v upon_o a_o man_n faith_n when_o the_o thing_n cease_v to_o be_v entire_a that_o be_v when_o something_o be_v already_o perform_v by_o one_o party_n for_o paulus_n in_o that_o place_n treat_v of_o a_o personal_a action_n bring_v for_o a_o thing_n not_o due_a which_o present_o cease_v as_o soon_o as_o something_o upon_o what_o agreement_n soever_o be_v pay_v because_o even_o before_o when_o nothing_o be_v as_o yet_o perform_v on_o either_o side_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n what_o be_v promise_v aught_o to_o be_v give_v although_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o prevent_v the_o occasion_n of_o unnecessary_a suit_n do_v give_v little_a or_o no_o encouragement_n to_o exact_v it_o but_o tully_n in_o his_o office_n attribute_n so_o great_a a_o power_n to_o promise_n 1._o lib._n 1._o that_o he_o make_v faithfulness_n to_o be_v the_o very_a foundation_n of_o justice_n which_o horace_n also_o call_v the_o sister_n of_o justice_n as_o the_o platonist_n also_o do_v ofttimes_o express_v justice_n by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d come_v apul._n de_fw-fr plat._n plat._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr rep_n three_o degree_n of_o speak_v of_o thing_n to_o come_v truth_n which_o apuleius_n render_v by_o the_o word_n fidelity_n and_o simonides_n call_v it_o justice_n not_o only_o to_o restore_v what_o we_o have_v receive_v but_o even_o to_o speak_v truth_n that_o be_v to_o perform_v what_o we_o
of_o their_o promise_n not_o only_o among_o the_o roman_n but_o among_o the_o grecian_n and_o against_o some_o they_o introduce_v the_o benefit_n of_o restitution_n but_o these_o be_v the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o do_v no_o whit_n appertain_v to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n except_o only_o in_o this_o that_o where_o they_o be_v receive_v it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v observe_v insomuch_o that_o if_o a_o foreigner_n shall_v contract_v with_o a_o citizen_n he_o shall_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o the_o law_n of_o that_o city_n as_o if_o he_o be_v for_o that_o time_n a_o subject_a of_o that_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o case_n such_o a_o contract_n be_v make_v either_o on_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o some_o desert_a island_n or_o by_o letter_n between_o two_o person_n inhabit_v diverse_a nation_n for_o then_o such_o agreement_n shall_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o as_o be_v the_o agreement_n make_v between_o such_o as_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o supreme_a power_n as_o they_o be_v such_o for_o in_o these_o what_o they_o do_v private_o may_v by_o their_o law_n be_v make_v void_a when_o it_o be_v do_v in_o favour_n to_o those_o power_n but_o not_o when_o do_v to_o their_o punishment_n vi_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o error_n how_o far_o natural_o it_o oblige_v concern_v a_o promise_n make_v by_o a_o error_n or_o mistake_n in_o the_o person_n promise_v the_o question_n be_v yet_o more_o difficult_a for_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o that_o error_n which_o be_v about_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v and_o that_o which_o concern_v not_o the_o substance_n and_o then_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v whether_o the_o fraud_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o promise_n or_o not_o again_o whether_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v be_v guilty_a of_o the_o fraud_n or_o not_o and_o last_o whether_o the_o act_n be_v strict_o due_a or_o bind_v only_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n do_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o these_o case_n declare_v some_o act_n to_o be_v void_a and_o other_o valid_a but_o so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n that_o be_v injure_v the_o promise_n may_v be_v either_o revoke_v or_o reform_v but_o most_o of_o these_o distinction_n proceed_v from_o the_o roman_a law_n as_o well_o from_o the_o old_a civil_a law_n as_o from_o the_o praetorian_a and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v either_o not_o altogether_o true_a or_o not_o well_o digest_v but_o yet_o it_o suffice_v to_o chalk_v out_o a_o way_n for_o we_o to_o find_v out_o the_o natural_a truth_n for_o as_o concern_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o law_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n that_o when_o a_o law_n be_v enact_v upon_o the_o presumption_n of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o be_v not_o real_o so_o do_v as_o be_v suggest_v and_o believe_v that_o law_n be_v not_o oblige_v because_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n fail_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o law_n fail_v with_o it_o but_o when_o a_o law_n be_v ground_v upon_o such_o a_o presumption_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o that_o law_n from_o the_o word_n and_o from_o other_o circumstance_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o promise_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o belief_n of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o indeed_o never_o be_v do_v that_o promise_v natural_o be_v of_o no_o force_n because_o the_o promiser_n do_v not_o give_v his_o consent_n absolute_o to_o the_o thing_n promise_v but_o upon_o such_o a_o condition_n if_o not_o express_v yet_o presume_v as_o real_o be_v not_o as_o in_o that_o case_n mention_v by_o cicero_n of_o he_o who_o false_o believe_v his_o own_o son_n to_o be_v dead_a appoint_v a_o stranger_n to_o be_v his_o heir_n and_o yet_o in_o case_n the_o promiser_n be_v neglective_a either_o in_o his_o diligence_n to_o examine_v and_o search_v out_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o son_n death_n or_o in_o his_o care_n of_o express_v his_o own_o sense_n and_o do_v thereby_o occasion_n any_o damage_n to_o the_o person_n to_o who_o he_o make_v that_o promise_n he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v it_o not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o promise_n make_v but_o for_o the_o damage_n which_o through_o his_o neglect_n be_v sustain_v by_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o error_n or_o mistake_n in_o the_o person_n promise_v and_o yet_o that_o error_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o promise_v make_v the_o act_n shall_v be_v valid_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o want_v of_o a_o true_a consent_n but_o if_o in_o this_o case_n also_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v do_v by_o any_o fraud_n of_o he_o direct_o or_o indirect_o occasion_n that_o error_n what_o damage_n soever_o shall_v accrue_v to_o the_o promiser_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o error_n shall_v be_v by_o he_o repair_v but_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v but_o in_o part_n occasion_v by_o a_o error_n then_o as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n the_o promise_n shall_v stand_v good_a vii_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o fear_n oblige_v concern_v those_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v through_o fear_n question_n do_v arise_v no_o less_o perpiext_n for_o herein_o they_o do_v usual_o distinguish_v of_o fear_n which_o be_v either_o great_a and_o vehement_a or_o light_n and_o slender_a if_o great_a than_o they_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o absolute_o or_o in_o respect_n only_o of_o the_o person_n fear_v then_o whether_o it_o be_v occasion_v just_o or_o unjust_o and_o whether_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v or_o by_o some_o other_o as_o also_o they_o distinguish_v of_o the_o act_n whether_o free_a and_o generous_a or_o grievous_a and_o burdensome_a and_o according_a to_o this_o diversity_n be_v some_o act_n say_v to_o be_v void_a other_o revocable_a at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o promiser_n and_o other_o to_o be_v whole_o renew_v concern_v every_o one_o of_o these_o case_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o opinion_n but_o i_o do_v whole_o incline_v to_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o set_v aside_o that_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o sometime_o take_v away_o and_o sometime_o moderate_v the_o bind_a power_n of_o such_o promise_n he_o that_o promise_v any_o thing_n through_o fear_n be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v because_o the_o consent_n he_o give_v be_v not_o conditional_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o error_n but_o absolute_a for_o as_o aristotle_n well_o observe_v he_o that_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v shipwrack_v throw_v his_o good_n overboard_o 3._o eth._n nic._n 3._o will_v willing_o preserve_v they_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v wreck_v but_o upon_o a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o the_o present_a danger_n he_o be_v in_o he_o absolute_o resolve_v that_o his_o good_n rather_o than_o himself_o shall_v perish_v but_o yet_o we_o must_v also_o crave_v this_o allowance_n that_o if_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v do_v occasion_n not_o a_o just_a but_o a_o unjust_a fear_n though_o but_o slight_a and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o promise_n be_v so_o make_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o discharge_v the_o promiser_n if_o he_o desire_v it_o not_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v in_o itself_o void_a but_o for_o the_o damage_n that_o he_o sustain_v who_o make_v it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o injury_n do_v he_o 1._o see_v chap._n 17.6.19_o and_o p._n 3._o ch_n 19_o §._o 1._o but_o what_o exception_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n admit_v herein_o shall_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n be_v hereafter_o explain_v but_o that_o some_o act_n be_v rescind_v which_o be_v make_v through_o fear_n be_v occasion_v not_o by_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v but_o by_o another_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o do_v often_o either_o null_a or_o revoke_v act_n though_o free_o do_v if_o they_o that_o do_v they_o be_v of_o weak_a judgement_n seneca_n argue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o whatsoever_o either_o force_n or_o fear_n or_o necessity_n make_v we_o to_o grant_v 26._o lib._n 4._o cont_n 26._o may_v be_v revoke_v if_o that_o force_n or_o necessity_n be_v impose_v on_o we_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o grant_n be_v make_v but_o what_o say_v he_o be_v that_o to_o i_o what_o thou_o be_v compel_v or_o necessitate_v to_o do_v if_o not_o by_o i_o meam_fw-la culpam_fw-la oportet_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la mea_fw-la poena_fw-la sit_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o fault_n shall_v be_v my_o own_o
if_o the_o punishment_n be_v so_o now_o what_o we_o have_v before_o say_v concern_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v not_o amiss_o to_o be_v here_o repeat_v 4._o see_v b._n 3._o c._n 19_o §._o 4._o but_o what_o force_n or_o strength_n oath_n do_v add_v unto_o promise_n to_o confirm_v they_o shall_v be_v show_v anon_o viii_o what_o be_v promise_v aught_o to_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o promiser_n again_o that_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v strong_a and_o bind_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o thing_n promise_v either_o now_o be_v or_o hereafter_o may_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o promiser_n wherefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o no_o promise_n can_v bind_v we_o to_o that_o which_o be_v in_o itself_o unlawful_a for_o id_fw-la possumus_fw-la quod_fw-la jure_fw-la possumus_fw-la that_o only_o we_o can_v do_v which_o we_o can_v do_v which_o we_o can_v lawful_o do_v all_o promise_n receive_v their_o vigour_n from_o his_o right_n that_o make_v they_o beyond_o which_o they_o be_v of_o no_o force_n agesilaus_n be_v once_o challenge_v upon_o his_o promise_n answer_v bene_fw-la si_fw-la justum_fw-la sit_fw-la seu_fw-la minus_fw-la dixi_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la &_o promisi_fw-la you_o do_v well_o to_o urge_v it_o if_o what_o i_o promise_v be_v just_a but_o if_o not_o i_o only_o say_v it_o but_o do_v not_o promise_v it_o but_o if_o the_o thing_n promise_v be_v not_o now_o in_o our_o power_n but_o may_v be_v then_o do_v the_o strength_n of_o that_o promise_n hang_v in_o suspense_n because_o the_o promise_n be_v but_o conditional_a namely_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o shall_v lie_v in_o my_o power_n but_o if_o that_o condition_n whereby_o the_o thing_n may_v be_v in_o our_o power_n be_v also_o in_o our_o power_n then_o be_v he_o that_o make_v the_o promise_n oblige_v to_o do_v whatsoever_o be_v moral_o fit_a that_o his_o promise_n may_v be_v fulfil_v but_o the_o civil_a law_n null_v many_o promise_n of_o this_o kind_n also_o for_o profit_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v bind_v we_o unto_o as_o when_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n shall_v promise_v to_o marry_v another_o hereafter_o be_v now_o already_o marry_v and_o not_o a_o few_o other_o promise_v make_v by_o minor_n and_o child_n while_o under_o their_o parent_n tuition_n xi_o whether_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o do_v a_o act_n simple_o evil_a oblige_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v demand_v whether_o a_o promise_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o a_o act_n in_o itself_o vicious_a do_v natural_o oblige_v as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v promise_v a_o reward_n to_o he_o that_o shall_v kill_v another_o that_o this_o be_v a_o wicked_a promise_n do_v sufficient_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o it_o be_v make_v to_o excite_v a_o man_n to_o do_v a_o wicked_a act._n but_o yet_o not_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v vicious_o do_v do_v lose_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a right_n as_o be_v manifest_a in_o thing_n prodigal_o give_v wherein_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o gift_n be_v prodigal_o give_v retain_v thing_n prodigal_o give_v may_v lawful_o be_v retain_v the_o obliquity_n cease_v for_o the_o gift_n contract_v no_o soil_n from_o the_o giver_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v without_o sin_n be_v possess_v by_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v give_v but_o in_o promise_n make_v to_o a_o vicious_a end_n the_o vice_n remain_v so_o long_o till_o the_o crime_n be_v perpetrate_v for_o so_o long_a the_o very_a fulfil_n of_o the_o promise_n be_v a_o incentive_a to_o vice_n must_v needs_o be_v sinful_a which_o begin_v to_o cease_v when_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o such_o a_o promise_n until_o that_o time_n do_v hang_v in_o suspense_n as_o i_o say_v before_o concern_v the_o thing_n promise_v be_v not_o in_o our_o own_o power_n but_o the_o crime_n be_v do_v than_o the_o obligation_n arise_v from_o that_o promise_n break_v forth_o which_o from_o the_o beginning_n be_v not_o intrinsical_o want_v but_o hinder_v by_o a_o vice_n that_o be_v accidental_a a_o example_n hereof_o we_o have_v in_o judah_n the_o son_n of_o jacob_n 11._o judah_n promise_n to_o thamar_n gen._n 38._o val._n max._n l._n 8._o lib._n 2._o n._n 2._o ch._n 12._o §._o 9_o 10_o 11._o who_o perform_v his_o promise_n unto_o thamar_n who_o he_o deal_v with_o as_o with_o a_o harlot_n by_o send_v she_o the_o reward_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n then_o in_o force_n be_v due_a unto_o she_o though_o it_o be_v otherwise_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o sentence_n which_o c._n aquilius_n pass_v in_o the_o like_a case_n but_o in_o case_n that_o promise_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o fraud_n or_o injustice_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v or_o if_o it_o be_v make_v upon_o any_o unequal_a term_n or_o condition_n how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v rectify_v be_v another_o question_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v anon_o x._o concern_v a_o promise_n of_o that_o which_o be_v former_o due_a 2._o see_v book_n 2._o c._n 6._o §._o 2._o but_o when_o any_o promise_n be_v make_v for_o some_o cause_n former_o due_a it_o be_v not_o thereby_o the_o less_o due_a if_o we_o look_v unto_o natural_a right_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v our_o acceptance_n of_o that_o which_o be_v another_o because_o promise_n be_v natural_o debt_n though_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n precede_v but_o here_o also_o if_o any_o damage_n accrue_v by_o extortion_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o inequality_n in_o the_o agreement_n make_v that_o damage_n be_v to_o be_v repair_v according_a to_o such_o rule_n as_o shall_v be_v set_v down_o anon_o xi_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o firm_a promise_n make_v by_o ourselves_o now_o as_o to_o what_o appertain_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o promise_v it_o require_v as_o i_o say_v before_o concern_v the_o alienation_n of_o dominion_n some_o external_a act_n or_o sign_n sufficient_a to_o testify_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n which_o may_v be_v do_v sometime_o by_o a_o beck_n or_o nod_n but_o be_v usual_o do_v either_o by_o voice_n or_o writing_n xii_o of_o the_o like_a make_v by_o other_o but_o we_o may_v also_o be_v bind_v up_o by_o another_o man_n act_n if_o it_o appear_v that_o we_o have_v depute_v and_o empower_v he_o to_o act_v for_o we_o either_o as_o our_o instrument_n in_o that_o particular_a business_n or_o under_o some_o general_a notion_n or_o qualification_n and_o it_o may_v likewise_o happen_v that_o where_o the_o commission_n be_v to_o act_v in_o general_n he_o that_o be_v so_o commissionated_a may_v oblige_v we_o by_o act_v contrary_a to_o his_o private_a instruction_n for_o here_o be_v two_o distinct_a act_n of_o the_o will_n the_o one_o whereby_o we_o oblige_v ourselves_o to_o confirm_v and_o ratify_v whatsoever_o our_o agent_n shall_v do_v in_o such_o a_o business_n command_n of_o ambassador_n exceed_v their_o private_a command_n the_o other_o whereby_o we_o oblige_v our_o say_a agent_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o act_v beyond_o our_o secret_a instruction_n this_o we_o observe_v in_o relation_n to_o those_o thing_n which_o ambassador_n do_v promise_n for_o their_o master_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o instruction_n or_o letter_n of_o credence_n but_o exceed_v their_o secret_a command_n xiii_o the_o obligatition_n of_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o factor_n how_o far_o they_o natural_o extend_v from_o hence_o also_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o such_o action_n as_o be_v bring_v against_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o factor_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o good_n transport_v by_o sea_n into_o foreign_a part_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o action_n as_o quality_n of_o action_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o here_o we_o can_v but_o note_v the_o error_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n which_o by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o master_n do_v bind_v every_o one_o of_o the_o mariner_n for_o and_o in_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v both_o repugnant_a to_o natural_a equity_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v satisfy_v if_o every_o mariner_n be_v bind_v for_o what_o concern_v himself_o and_o also_o damagable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o man_n will_v thereby_o be_v deter_v from_o navigate_a the_o sea_n fear_v to_o be_v so_o strict_o and_o as_o it_o be_v infinite_o bind_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o master_n insomuch_o that_o in_o holland_n a_o country_n of_o late_a famous_a for_o merchandize_v this_o roman_a law_n both_o of_o old_a be_v and_o now_o be_v of_o no_o force_n nay_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v decree_v that_o the_o master_n and_o mariner_n in_o general_a shall_v each_o of_o they_o be_v bind_v no_o far_o than_o to_o the_o value_n of_o
the_o ship_n and_o the_o good_n that_o be_v therein_o transport_v fourteen_o to_o a_o good_a promise_n acceptation_n be_v requisite_a a_o pretend_v demand_n argue_v a_o acceptance_n if_o no_o alteration_n appear_v but_o that_o a_o promise_n shall_v transfer_v a_o right_n in_o the_o thing_n promise_v the_o acceptance_n of_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v promise_v be_v no_o less_o requisite_a than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a of_o alienation_n and_o herein_o tertullian_n in_o his_o book_n of_o fast_n speak_v like_o a_o civilian_n votum_fw-la cum_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la acceptatum_fw-la est_fw-la legem_fw-la in_o posterum_fw-la facit_fw-la a_o vow_n though_o free_o make_v yet_o when_o it_o be_v by_o god_n accept_v be_v as_o bind_v as_o a_o law_n and_o here_o also_o a_o precede_a demand_n of_o a_o thing_n promise_v if_o no_o alteration_n appear_v shall_v be_v judge_v a_o acceptance_n neither_o do_v that_o which_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v introduce_v concern_v such_o promise_n as_o be_v make_v to_o city_n hinder_v this_o which_o notwithstanding_o have_v so_o far_o prevail_v with_o some_o that_o they_o hold_v that_o the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o promiser_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n sufficient_a to_o transfer_v a_o right_n for_o the_o roman_a law_n say_v not_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v full_o complete_a and_o of_o force_n before_o it_o be_v accept_v but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o revoke_v such_o a_o promise_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v always_o accept_v which_o effect_n be_v not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o mere_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v introduce_v in_o favour_n to_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n for_o for_o these_o as_o the_o will_n and_o purpose_n of_o possess_v thing_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o occupancy_n so_o the_o will_n and_o purpose_n to_o accept_v of_o thing_n promise_v create_v a_o right_a xv._o whether_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o acceptation_n shall_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n it_o be_v also_o sometime_o controvert_v whether_o to_o make_v a_o promise_n full_o effective_a it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o thing_n promise_v be_v not_o only_o accept_v but_o that_o the_o acceptance_n be_v also_o make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n before_o it_o can_v obtain_v its_o full_a effect_n and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o either_o way_n the_o promise_v make_v may_v be_v bind_v as_o for_o example_n either_o thus_o this_o will_v i_o do_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v accept_v or_o thus_o this_o i_o will_v do_v if_o i_o shall_v understand_v that_o it_o will_v be_v accept_v and_o if_o the_o promise_n do_v imply_v a_o mutual_a obligation_n on_o both_o side_n than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o latter_a sense_n but_o if_o the_o promise_v be_v free_a and_o spontaneous_a than_o it_o be_v best_o to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o former_a sense_n unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v otherwise_o xvi_o whether_o a_o promise_v make_v may_v be_v revoke_v before_o it_o be_v accept_v again_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o such_o a_o promise_v make_v before_o acceptance_n for_o till_o than_o no_o right_n pass_v may_v be_v revoke_v without_o the_o imputation_n of_o either_o injustice_n yea_o or_o levity_n if_o it_o be_v real_o so_o intend_v when_o make_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v of_o force_n till_o it_o be_v accept_v so_o till_o then_o it_o can_v transfer_v no_o right_n it_o may_v also_o be_v revoke_v in_o case_n the_o person_n shall_v die_v to_o who_o such_o a_o promise_n be_v make_v before_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o it_o because_o the_o acceptance_n be_v refer_v to_o his_o own_o choice_n and_o not_o to_o his_o heir_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v away_o my_o right_n to_o such_o a_o man_n to_o be_v by_o he_o transfer_v to_o his_o heir_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v it_o unto_o his_o heir_n immediate_o it_o be_v very_o material_a to_o consider_v on_o who_o we_o bestow_v a_o benefit_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v neratius_n who_o can_v not_o believe_v that_o a_o prince_n will_v have_v grant_v that_o to_o he_o be_v dead_a which_o he_o have_v grant_v unto_o he_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v alive_a xvii_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v revoke_v if_o the_o party_n die_v who_o be_v authorize_v to_o make_v it_o explain_v a_o promise_n may_v also_o be_v revoke_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v authoze_v to_o make_v it_o because_o the_o bind_a power_n be_v in_o his_o word_n but_o not_o so_o if_o the_o grant_v be_v send_v by_o a_o messenger_n or_o a_o carrier_n because_o the_o oblige_a power_n be_v not_o in_o he_o but_o in_o the_o instrument_n he_o carry_v and_o therefore_o those_o letter_n import_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n may_v be_v convey_v by_o any_o man_n we_o must_v also_o distinguish_v between_o he_o that_o be_v depute_v only_o to_o signify_v the_o promise_n we_o make_v and_o he_o that_o be_v authorize_v by_o we_o to_o make_v that_o promise_n himself_o in_o the_o former_a case_n a_o revocation_n shall_v take_v place_n although_o it_o be_v not_o so_o express_v to_o he_o that_o carry_v the_o promise_n or_o grant_v in_o the_o latter_a case_n the_o revocation_n be_v of_o no_o force_n because_o the_o oblige_a power_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o he_o that_o be_v send_v to_o make_v it_o who_o if_o he_o do_v make_v it_o while_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n so_o to_o do_v that_o be_v before_o the_o revocation_n be_v make_v know_v unto_o he_o the_o grant_n shall_v be_v valid_a and_o the_o person_n that_o make_v it_o justify_v so_o also_o in_o the_o former_a case_n though_o the_o donor_n die_v yet_o may_v the_o gift_n be_v accept_v as_o be_v on_o his_o part_n perfect_a and_o complete_a although_o subject_n to_o a_o revocation_n which_o be_v apparent_a in_o ambassador_n but_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n it_o can_v because_o the_o gift_n be_v not_o actual_o give_v but_o only_o command_v to_o be_v give_v but_o where_o the_o matter_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o debate_n it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v that_o his_o command_n shall_v be_v execute_v unless_o some_o great_a alteration_n shall_v happen_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o namely_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n command_v it_o be_v true_a there_o may_v be_v many_o conjecture_n that_o may_v be_v of_o force_n to_o persuade_v we_o to_o think_v otherwise_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v admit_v that_o so_o what_o be_v in_o a_o good_a cause_n command_v to_o be_v give_v may_v notwithstanding_o abide_v with_o we_o and_o thus_o may_v that_o question_n that_o have_v be_v heretofore_o mute_v be_v answer_v whether_o the_o heir_n of_o he_o that_o be_v so_o command_v may_v be_v sue_v at_o law_n xviii_o whether_o a_o promise_v be_v revocable_a after_o it_o have_v be_v accept_v of_o by_o another_o controversy_n also_o do_v usual_o happen_v concern_v the_o accept_n of_o a_o thing_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o wherein_o also_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o that_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v to_o i_o of_o something_o to_o be_v give_v to_o another_o and_o that_o promise_v which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o name_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v give_v if_o the_o promise_v be_v make_v to_o i_o set_v aside_o that_o query_n introduce_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n whether_o any_o benefit_n do_v accrue_v unto_o i_o by_o it_o the_o right_n of_o accept_v the_o thing_n seem_v natural_o to_o be_v give_v to_o i_o and_o the_o power_n of_o transfer_v that_o right_n unto_o another_o if_o he_o also_o will_v accept_v thereof_o so_o that_o he_o that_o make_v the_o promise_n have_v no_o right_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o revoke_v it_o but_o i_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v may_v remit_v it_o for_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n so_o be_v it_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o word_n of_o such_o a_o promise_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v say_v not_o at_o all_o to_o concern_v i_o that_o another_o by_o i_o shall_v receive_v a_o benefit_n but_o if_o the_o promise_v be_v make_v in_o his_o name_n to_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v give_v we_o must_v then_o inquire_v whether_o he_o that_o accept_v of_o what_o be_v promise_v have_v a_o special_a command_n so_o to_o do_v or_o a_o order_n so_o general_a as_o may_v be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o include_v it_o or_o whether_o he_o have_v no_o such_o order_n at_o all_o if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o he_o have_v such_o order_n or_o authority_n to_o accept_v thereof_o i_o do_v not_o then_o conceive_v it_o necessary_a to_o inquire_v any_o
of_o some_o fact_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o some_o effect_n remain_v to_o another_o such_o as_o to_o thing_n be_v the_o concession_n of_o the_o use_n of_o they_o which_o be_v call_v lend_v and_o as_o to_o fact_n the_o performance_n of_o some_o work_n that_o be_v costly_a or_o obligatory_a which_o be_v call_v a_o mandate_n or_o charge_n whereof_o one_o species_n be_v something_o deposit_v or_o commit_v to_o our_o trust_n as_o namely_o our_o labour_n in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o thing_n now_o like_a unto_o these_o act_n be_v our_o promise_n of_o these_o act_n but_o that_o these_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v do_v extend_v to_o the_o time_n to_o come_v which_o also_o we_o will_v have_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o those_o act_n which_o be_v now_o to_o be_v explain_v iii_o and_o into_o such_o as_o be_v permutatory_n of_o such_o act_n as_o do_v infer_v profit_n by_o exchange_n some_z divide_z and_o dissipate_v the_o part_n other_o unite_v they_o and_o so_o introduce_v communion_n those_o which_o divide_v and_o separate_v the_o part_n the_o roman_a lawyer_n right_o distinguish_v into_o these_o three_o head_n do_v ut_fw-mi des_fw-mi facere_fw-la ut_fw-la facias_fw-la facere_fw-la ut_fw-la des._n first_o when_o we_o exchange_v one_o thing_n for_o another_o the_o agreement_n run_v thus_o i_o will_v give_v you_o this_o if_o you_o will_v give_v i_o that_o 2._o when_o we_o truck_v deed_n than_o it_o run_v thus_o i_o will_v do_v this_o for_o you_o if_o you_o will_v do_v that_o for_o i_o the_o 3d._n be_v mix_v as_o when_o we_o agree_v that_o if_o i_o do_v this_o for_o you_o than_o you_o shall_v give_v i_o that_o as_o the_o price_n or_o reward_n of_o my_o pain_n but_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n do_v exempt_a from_o this_o division_n some_o contract_n which_o they_o call_v nominati_fw-la not_o so_o much_o because_o they_o have_v proper_a name_n for_o so_o have_v those_o contract_n which_o be_v make_v by_o exchange_n also_o which_o they_o will_v not_o admit_v among_o their_o nominate_v contract_v but_o because_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o more_o frequent_a and_o ordinary_a use_n they_o have_v receive_v some_o certain_a force_n and_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o though_o nothing_o at_o all_o have_v be_v particular_o say_v yet_o by_o their_o very_a name_n they_o may_v have_v be_v sufficient_o understand_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o to_o those_o there_o be_v certain_a set_v form_n of_o action_n appoint_v whereas_o to_o other_o that_o be_v less_o ordinary_a that_o common_a form_n be_v not_o sufficient_a but_o the_o plea_n must_v be_v make_v in_o a_o form_n fit_v to_o the_o fact_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o prescript_n word_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o cause_n but_o this_o of_o frequent_a use_n why_o in_o these_o nominate_v convention_n if_o some_o thing_n requisite_a to_o a_o contract_n be_v by_o both_o party_n assent_v unto_o as_o in_o the_o sale_n of_o any_o thing_n if_o the_o price_n be_v on_o both_o side_n agree_v on_o yea_o though_o the_o matter_n be_v yet_o entire_a that_o be_v if_o there_o be_v no_o money_n pay_v nor_o any_o thing_n perform_v on_o either_o side_n yet_o be_v there_o enjoin_v a_o necessity_n of_o fulfil_v the_o contract_n on_o both_o side_n whereas_o in_o contract_v not_o so_o frequent_a whilst_o thing_n stand_v entire_a and_o nothing_o on_o either_o side_n perform_v there_o be_v indulge_v unto_o they_o a_o liberty_n to_o retract_v that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o may_v without_o any_o penalty_n revoke_v for_o the_o civil_a law_n restrain_v all_o coercive_a power_n from_o such_o contract_n and_o leave_v they_o whole_o to_o the_o faith_n and_o honesty_n of_o the_o contractor_n but_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n take_v no_o cognizance_n of_o these_o distinction_n for_o neither_o be_v those_o contract_n which_o they_o call_v innominate_v either_o less_o natural_a or_o less_o ancient_a nay_o even_o barter_n which_o they_o reckon_v among_o those_o that_o be_v innominate_v be_v both_o more_o simple_a and_o more_o ancient_a than_o those_o make_v by_o bargain_n and_o sale_n thus_o tacitus_n testify_v of_o the_o german_n that_o they_o use_v the_o more_o simple_a and_o ancient_a way_n of_o traffic_n that_o be_v by_o exchange_n of_o commodity_n for_o as_o servius_n right_o observe_v our_o ancestor_n do_v only_o exchange_v one_o thing_n for_o another_o how_o much_o more_o happy_a be_v that_o age_n say_v pliny_n when_o man_n exchange_v good_n for_o good_n the_o native_a commodity_n of_o one_o country_n for_o those_o of_o the_o growth_n of_o another_o the_o like_a he_o relate_v of_o the_o seres_z a_o people_n of_o scythia_n who_o have_v expose_v their_o native_a commodity_n to_o sale_n on_o the_o far_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n they_o take_v away_o what_o they_o find_v to_o be_v set_v by_o it_o if_o they_o be_v please_v with_o the_o exchange_n which_o kind_n of_o barter_v of_o commodity_n be_v yet_o in_o use_n in_o some_o part_n of_o africa_n we_o therefore_o take_v nature_n for_o our_o best_a guide_n do_v reduce_v all_o diremptory_a contract_n without_o take_v any_o cognizance_n of_o that_o roman_a distinction_n of_o nominate_v and_o innominate_v agreement_n unto_o these_o three_o head_n before_o name_v when_o we_o give_v to_o receive_v we_o either_o barter_v one_o thing_n for_o another_o which_o doubtless_o be_v the_o ancient_a way_n of_o traffic_n or_o we_o receive_v money_n for_o money_n as_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n or_o we_o receive_v good_n for_o money_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v or_o we_o receive_v the_o use_n of_o a_o thing_n for_o another_o thing_n or_o the_o use_n of_o one_o thing_n for_o the_o use_n of_o another_o or_o the_o use_n of_o a_o thing_n for_o money_n as_o in_o thing_n let_v and_o take_v to_o hire_v by_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v not_o only_o the_o bare_a use_n of_o a_o thing_n but_o also_o the_o fruit_n profit_n or_o proceed_v of_o it_o whether_o temporary_a personal_a hereditary_a or_o any_o other_o way_n however_o limit_v or_o circumscribe_v as_o among_o the_o hebrew_n that_o which_o be_v hold_v until_o the_o next_o jubilee_n some_o thing_n be_v give_v that_o after_o some_o interval_n of_o time_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v either_o in_o kind_n or_o to_o the_o same_o value_n as_o in_o thing_n that_o be_v lend_v and_o this_o kind_n of_o permutation_n be_v chief_o use_v where_o the_o thing_n exchange_v do_v consist_v in_o number_n measure_n or_o weight_n whether_o it_o be_v money_n or_o other_o thing_n the_o exchange_n of_o deed_n for_o deed_n do_v infinite_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o no_o less_o infinite_a variety_n of_o humane_a action_n but_o when_o we_o do_v that_o we_o may_v receive_v it_o be_v either_o work_n do_v for_o money_n as_o when_o for_o our_o daily_a labour_n we_o receive_v wage_n and_o this_o also_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o let_v ourselves_o to_o hire_v for_o profit_n in_o our_o several_a calling_n or_o when_o by_o our_o voluntary_a act_n we_o undertake_v to_o secure_v another_o man_n good_n from_o all_o casualty_n or_o contingent_a misfortune_n insurance_n insurance_n which_o manner_n of_o contract_n be_v hardly_o know_v to_o former_a age_n though_o now_o of_o frequent_a use_n or_o when_o we_o do_v somewhat_o to_o receive_v either_o thing_n or_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n for_o our_o pain_n iv_o as_o into_o such_o as_o be_v communicatory_a but_o such_o act_n as_o be_v communicatory_a do_v contribute_v either_o deed_n or_o thing_n or_o on_o the_o one_o side_n thing_n and_o on_o the_o other_o deed_n towards_o some_o public_a benefit_n all_o which_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o society_n or_o confederacy_n under_o which_o also_o we_o comprehend_v that_o of_o war_n when_o private_a man_n combine_v together_o to_o equip_v a_o fleet_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n against_o pirate_n or_o against_o such_o as_o invade_v they_o and_o such_o a_o combination_n be_v vulgar_o call_v the_o admiralty_n v._o act_v mix_v be_v either_o so_o principal_o but_o such_o act_n as_o we_o call_v mix_v be_v either_o principal_o and_o original_o so_o or_o be_v make_v so_o by_o the_o accession_n of_o some_o other_o as_o if_o i_o shall_v know_o give_v more_o for_o a_o thing_n than_o it_o be_v worth_a or_o than_o i_o can_v buy_v it_o for_o of_o another_o it_o be_v a_o mix_a act_n partly_o a_o gift_n and_o partly_o a_o buy_v so_o if_o i_o do_v contract_n with_o a_o goldsmith_n for_o so_o much_o money_n to_o make_v i_o so_o many_o ring_n of_o his_o own_o gold_n it_o be_v a_o mix_a act_n for_o i_o buy_v the_o gold_n and_o hire_v the_o workman_n and_o thus_o it_o happen_v also_o in_o society_n as_o that_o one_o part_n shall_v contribute_v deed_n and_o money_n but_o the_o other_o money_n only_o so_o likewise_o the_o grant_n of_o
the_o indian_a pearl_n the_o same_o do_v the_o indian_n put_v upon_o our_o coral_n for_o these_o thing_n be_v value_v by_o the_o opinion_n that_o nation_n have_v of_o they_o and_o no_o marvel_n say_v st._n augustin_n 16._o augustin_n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 11._o c._n 16._o for_o in_o the_o esteem_n of_o these_o man_n a_o horse_n be_v sometime_o buy_v at_o a_o far_o dear_a rate_n than_o a_o servant_n and_o a_o jewel_n than_o a_o slave_n etc._n etc._n so_o cicero_n qui_fw-la modus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o his_o rebus_fw-la cupiditatis_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la aestimationis_fw-la nothing_o so_o much_o heighten_v the_o price_n of_o these_o thing_n as_o the_o long_a desire_n that_o man_n have_v after_o they_o so_o likewise_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o thing_n that_o be_v most_o necessary_a be_v least_o prize_v where_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o they_o which_o seneca_n illustrate_v by_o many_o example_n where_o also_o he_o add_v this_o 15._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr l._n 6._o c._n 15._o the_o price_n of_o every_o thing_n vary_v with_o the_o time_n when_o thou_o have_v sufficient_o praise_v these_o thing_n they_o be_v so_o much_o worth_n as_o they_o can_v advance_v to_o more_o so_o likewise_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n that_o which_o give_v a_o just_a value_n to_o any_o thing_n be_v not_o the_o affection_n of_o any_o one_o person_n or_o the_o profit_n that_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a man_n can_v make_v of_o it_o but_o what_o it_o may_v be_v common_o sell_v for_o and_o this_o can_v be_v at_o all_o time_n alike_o and_o certain_a but_o it_o rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o pain_n expense_n and_o hazard_n that_o merchant_n be_v at_o in_o their_o importation_n neither_o do_v st._n augustin_n disapprove_v of_o it_o who_o upon_o the_o seventieth_n psalm_n bring_v in_o the_o merchant_n plead_v thus_o affero_fw-la è_fw-la longinquo_fw-la merces_fw-la merchant_n aug._n in_o psal_n 70._o of_o merchant_n mercedem_fw-la laboris_fw-la mei_fw-la unde_fw-la vivam_fw-la peto_fw-la dignus_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la mercenarius_fw-la mercede_fw-la sva_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o bring_v my_o merchandise_n from_o far_o i_o require_v but_o a_o reward_n for_o my_o pain_n that_o i_o may_v live_v the_o labourer_n be_v worthy_a of_o his_o hire_n but_o say_v the_o good_a father_n there_o de_fw-fr mendacio_fw-la &_o perjurio_fw-la agitur_fw-la non_fw-la de_fw-la negotio_fw-la it_o be_v not_o thy_o call_v but_o thy_o lie_v and_o perjury_n that_o we_o condemn_v moreover_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n may_v rise_v or_o fall_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n either_o of_o buyer_n of_o money_n or_o of_o the_o merchandise_n themselves_o beside_o such_o accident_n do_v sometime_o fall_v out_o as_o may_v just_o enhance_v or_o lessen_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n as_o namely_o we_o may_v haply_o sustain_v some_o future_a loss_n by_o the_o sale_n of_o they_o or_o for_o want_n of_o they_o or_o our_o gain_n we_o make_v by_o they_o may_v cease_v or_o we_o may_v be_v unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o they_o for_o some_o affection_n we_o particular_o bear_v either_o to_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o to_o he_o that_o give_v they_o and_o therefore_o we_o will_v not_o willing_o sell_v they_o but_o in_o favour_n to_o he_o that_o buy_v they_o all_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v declare_v to_o he_o with_o who_o we_o be_v to_o contract_n regard_v also_o may_v be_v have_v unto_o that_o damage_n or_o surcease_n profit_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o either_o the_o delay_n or_o anticipate_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o price_n agree_v on_o xv._o when_o a_o sale_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o when_o dominion_n pass_v as_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o bargain_n and_o sale_n be_v good_a from_o the_o very_a minute_n of_o the_o contract_n for_o though_o the_o thing_n buy_v be_v not_o actual_o deliver_v yet_o may_v the_o property_n by_o a_o bare_a mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n be_v transfer_v and_o this_o be_v the_o most_o simple_a and_o innocent_a way_n of_o bargain_v so_o seneca_n venditio_fw-la alienatio_fw-la est_fw-la &_o rei_fw-la suae_fw-la jurisque_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o alium_fw-la translatio_fw-la selling_n be_v the_o alienation_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o the_o translation_n of_o it_o together_o with_o our_o right_a and_o property_n in_o it_o to_o another_o but_o if_o it_o be_v so_o agree_v that_o the_o property_n shall_v not_o pass_v present_o then_o shall_v the_o seller_n be_v bind_v to_o transfer_v his_o dominion_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n both_o the_o profit_n and_o peril_n shall_v be_v the_o seller_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v twice_o sell_v â—hat_n sale_n shall_v be_v most_o valid_a which_o have_v the_o property_n first_o translate_v either_o by_o delivery_n of_o possession_n or_o otherwise_o for_o hereby_o do_v the_o moral_a power_n pass_v away_o from_o the_o seller_n to_o the_o buyer_n and_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o promise_n only_o shall_v stand_v for_o nothing_o xvi_o what_o monopoly_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n know_v the_o history_n of_o thales_n be_v well_o know_v monopoly_n be_v not_o all_o of_o they_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o they_o may_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n upon_o some_o just_a cause_n and_o at_o a_o certain_a rate_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o joseph_n in_o his_o government_n of_o egypt_n so_o also_o under_o the_o roman_n the_o alexandrian_n have_v the_o monopoly_n of_o all_o indian_a and_o aethiopick_n commodity_n the_o like_a may_v be_v institute_v by_o private_a man_n so_o that_o they_o retail_v they_o for_o moderate_a gain_n but_o they_o that_o like_o the_o oylman_n in_o velabrum_n shall_v purposely_o combine_v and_o either_o by_o fraud_n or_o force_n stop_v the_o importation_n of_o good_n that_o they_o may_v enhanse_v the_o price_n of_o those_o they_o have_v which_o be_v already_o at_o the_o high_a or_o that_o agree_v to_o buy_v all_o the_o good_n of_o that_o kind_n that_o come_v in_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v sell_v they_o at_o what_o rate_n they_o please_v be_v very_o injurious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o be_v bind_v to_o make_v reparation_n but_o if_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v they_o shall_v hinder_v the_o bring_n in_o of_o such_o merchandise_n or_o shall_v therefore_o engross_v the_o whole_a to_o themselves_o that_o they_o may_v vend_fw-mi they_o at_o a_o price_n respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o sell_v they_o not_o unreasonable_a they_o infringe_v the_o bond_n of_o charity_n as_o st._n ambrose_n prove_v by_o many_o argument_n 6._o off._n l._n 3._o c._n 6._o though_o to_o speak_v proper_o they_o violate_v no_o man_n right_n xvii_o how_o money_n receive_v its_o value_n as_o for_o money_n the_o office_n it_o perform_v it_o natural_o receive_v not_o from_o the_o sole_a matter_n or_o metal_n nor_o from_o its_o form_n or_o appellation_n but_o from_o a_o more_o general_a relation_n namely_o as_o we_o counterpoise_v it_o with_o other_o thing_n especial_o with_o those_o that_o be_v most_o necessary_a now_o the_o value_n that_o be_v put_v upon_o it_o if_o it_o be_v not_o otherwise_o agree_v on_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n that_o it_o bear_v at_o the_o time_n and_o in_o the_o place_n where_o payment_n be_v to_o be_v make_v now_o as_o michael_n ephesius_n right_o observe_v nicom_o ad._n 5._o nicom_o money_n itself_o vary_v as_o all_o other_o thing_n do_v according_a to_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o it_o for_o as_o we_o have_v not_o always_o a_o like_a occasion_n to_o use_v other_o thing_n and_o according_a to_o our_o desire_n of_o they_o so_o the_o price_n rise_v or_o fall_v so_o money_n do_v not_o always_o retain_v the_o same_o value_n but_o sometime_o it_o be_v more_o and_o sometime_o less_o worth_a but_o yet_o the_o price_n of_o money_n be_v most_o last_a which_o we_o use_v chief_o as_o a_o counterbalance_n to_o all_o other_o thing_n wherewith_o it_o be_v compare_v now_o that_o which_o be_v the_o measure_n or_o standard_n to_o all_o thing_n ought_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v constant_a and_o therefore_o gold_n silver_n and_o brass_n by_o themselves_o be_v of_o the_o same_o value_n almost_o always_o and_o in_o all_o place_n and_o as_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v useful_a or_o necessary_a be_v either_o rare_a or_o abound_v so_o the_o same_o money_n in_o weight_n and_o make_v of_o the_o same_o metal_n be_v sometime_o more_o and_o sometime_o less_o worth_a xviii_o rent_n not_o to_o be_v remit_v for_o barrenness_n or_o such_o like_a chance_n next_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v as_o cajus_n note_v be_v let_v and_o take_v to_o hire_v and_o steer_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n that_o which_o answer_v to_o the_o price_n be_v the_o
some_o contract_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n of_o usury_n and_o be_v vulgar_o so_o account_v which_o yet_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n as_o when_o the_o lender_n require_v somewhat_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n he_o have_v sustain_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a detention_n of_o his_o money_n lend_v or_o be_v frustrate_v of_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_n that_o he_o may_v have_v make_v by_o it_o deduct_v notwithstanding_o somewhat_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o incertainty_n of_o those_o hope_n and_o also_o for_o the_o labour_n and_o hazard_n he_o must_v have_v run_v for_o it_o so_o likewise_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o he_o that_o lend_v money_n to_o many_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n keep_v his_o money_n ready_a with_o his_o book_n of_o account_n and_o for_o the_o danger_n he_o run_v of_o lose_v the_o principal_a where_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o secure_v if_o any_o thing_n in_o these_o case_n be_v require_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v repute_v usury_n and_o if_o we_o will_v know_v what_o opinion_n the_o roman_a lawyer_n have_v of_o it_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o they_o hate_v the_o word_n foenus_fw-la so_o they_o will_v easy_o admit_v of_o vsura_fw-la vsura_fw-la non_fw-la propter_fw-la lucrum_fw-la petentium_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la moram_fw-la solventium_fw-la not_o that_o the_o lender_n desire_v to_o make_v again_o by_o the_o want_v of_o the_o borrower_n but_o because_o his_o money_n be_v not_o pay_v at_o the_o time_n agree_v on_o the_o difference_n be_v only_o this_o distinguish_v foenus_fw-la and_o usura_fw-la how_o distinguish_v foenus_fw-la be_v that_o which_o we_o contract_v for_o more_o than_o the_o principal_n mere_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o gain_n but_o vsura_fw-la be_v that_o which_o be_v give_v more_o than_o the_o principal_n lest_o the_o lender_n shall_v be_v damnify_v by_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o principal_n but_o since_o this_o word_n vsura_fw-la be_v abuse_v by_o some_o have_v get_v a_o ill_a report_n therefore_o have_v this_o latter_a age_n substitute_v in_o its_o room_n the_o word_n interest_n demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o pantaenetus_n deny_v peremptory_o that_o he_o deserve_v to_o be_v brand_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o usurer_n that_o lend_v what_o he_o have_v get_v either_o by_o merchandize_v or_o by_o his_o honest_a labour_n sub_fw-la modico_fw-la lucello_fw-la for_o some_o moderate_a gain_n partly_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v what_o he_o have_v so_o get_v and_o partly_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v gratify_v another_o it_o be_v record_v of_o germanus_n kinsman_n to_o justinian_n that_o he_o lend_v money_n to_o every_o man_n that_o need_v it_o to_o be_v employ_v 3._o goth._n l._n 3._o but_o never_o take_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o usury_n true_n it_o be_v that_o the_o scripture_n the_o father_n the_o canon_n law_n and_o the_o decretal_n do_v all_o declaim_v against_o usury_n so_o do_v the_o civilian_n baldus_n call_v it_o a_o profitable_a theft_n or_o piracy_n bartolus_n condemn_v all_o usury_n so_o do_v the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o most_o commonwealth_n yet_o be_v they_o content_v to_o tolerate_v it_o be_v restrain_v and_o moderate_v the_o hebrew_n word_n nishech_n signify_v a_o bite_a or_o grind_v usury_n such_o a_o lend_n of_o money_n as_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o charity_n devour_v the_o poor_a borrower_n the_o matter_n that_o bind_v the_o conscience_n be_v the_o debtor_n gain_v nothing_o by_o the_o money_n lend_v and_o not_o the_o take_n of_o much_o or_o little_a interest_n it_o be_v a_o more_o bite_a usury_n to_o take_v 2_o or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o he_o that_o get_v nothing_o than_o to_o receive_v 6_o or_o 8_o of_o he_o that_o make_v thereof_o a_o great_a gain_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o among_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o rob_v the_o rich_a no_o man_n be_v by_o the_o law_n bind_v or_o so_o much_o as_o admonish_v to_o lend_v to_o those_o who_o have_v no_o need_n and_o in_o case_n another_o man_n gain_n by_o what_o be_v i_o natural_a equity_n require_v that_o i_o shall_v be_v a_o gainer_n by_o so_o much_o as_o he_o by_o my_o mean_n be_v make_v the_o rich_a again_o if_o to_o a_o man_n that_o stand_v in_o present_a want_n i_o lend_v free_o until_o such_o a_o time_n prefix_v if_o he_o fail_v then_o of_o payment_n and_o i_o thereby_o incur_v any_o damage_n it_o be_v reason_n that_o he_o shall_v satisfy_v the_o damage_n and_o so_o interest_n may_v be_v due_a ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la for_o the_o loss_n i_o sustain_v also_o if_o a_o tradesman_n lend_v his_o money_n which_o he_o can_v spare_v till_o such_o a_o mart_n to_o be_v then_o pay_v and_o the_o borrower_n fail_v in_o his_o payment_n whereby_o he_o be_v disable_v to_o drive_v on_o his_o trade_n for_o the_o next_o year_n then_o shall_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v the_o damage_n the_o lender_n sustain_v propter_fw-la lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la by_o reason_n that_o our_o hope_n of_o gain_n cease_v again_o four_o man_n be_v partner_n in_o one_o shop_n two_o be_v age_a supply_n money_n the_o other_o two_o be_v young_a and_o active_a do_v take_v pain_n to_o improve_v it_o if_o they_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o care_n gain_v 20_o or_o 30_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o pay_v the_o other_o two_o be_v past_o their_o labour_n 6_o or_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o their_o maintenance_n can_v this_o be_v call_v bite_a usury_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o two_o lender_n take_v no_o pain_n nor_o run_v any_o hazard_n i_o answer_v yes_o they_o do_v doubtless_o take_v pain_n when_o they_o be_v able_a and_o they_o do_v now_o run_v a_o hazard_n by_o lend_v their_o money_n to_o they_o that_o be_v painful_a but_o have_v nothing_o it_o be_v record_v by_o procopius_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o germanus_n 3._o proc._n got._n l._n 3._o a_o kinsman_n of_o justinian_n that_o he_o lend_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o such_o as_o need_v it_o but_o never_o take_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o usury_n our_o king_n edgar_n forbid_v usury_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o send_v away_o all_o the_o banker_n who_o gregory_n the_o ten_o have_v send_v out_o of_o italy_n into_o england_n and_o place_v in_o lumbardstreet_n henry_n the_o eight_o allow_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o one_o year_n which_o edward_n the_o six_o repeal_v queen_n elizabeth_z tolerate_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n so_o do_v king_n james_n which_o charles_n the_o first_o reduce_v to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n which_o yet_o continue_v xxii_o what_o power_n the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v in_o the_o case_n but_o these_o humane_a law_n that_o tolerate_v a_o moderate_a gain_n for_o the_o use_n of_o money_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o in_o holland_n they_o permit_v 8_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o some_o and_o 12_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o merchant_n for_o a_o year_n as_o a_o reasonable_a compensation_n for_o that_o loss_n which_o the_o lender_n do_v or_o may_v sustain_v by_o the_o forbearance_n of_o his_o money_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o natural_a or_o divine_a but_o if_o they_o exceed_v this_o rate_n those_o law_n may_v afford_v impunity_n but_o no_o just_a right_n xxiii_o how_o contract_v concern_v ensurance_n be_v to_o be_v value_v a_o contract_n for_o the_o ensure_v of_o good_n from_o casualty_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n be_v altogether_o void_a if_o either_o of_o the_o contractor_n do_v know_v that_o the_o good_n be_v already_o safe_o arrive_v at_o the_o port_n or_o place_n whither_o they_o be_v bind_v or_o that_o they_o be_v perish_v by_o the_o way_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o parity_n or_o equality_n of_o knowledge_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v between_o such_o contractor_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o such_o a_o contract_n which_o be_v a_o loss_n but_o uncertain_a which_o in_o respect_n of_o both_o party_n may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v but_o at_o what_o rate_n these_o good_n be_v to_o be_v secure_v depend_v upon_o common_a estimation_n xxiv_o how_o in_o society_n with_o their_o several_a kind_n in_o social_a negotiation_n where_o traffic_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o joint_a stock_n of_o a_o company_n if_o every_o member_n contribute_v a_o equal_a proportion_n in_o money_n their_o gain_n or_o loss_n shall_v also_o be_v equal_a but_o if_o their_o proportion_n be_v unequal_a every_o member_n shall_v be_v rate_v according_a to_o his_o proportion_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v observe_v where_o the_o traffic_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v by_o joint_a service_n according_o as_o the_o service_n be_v by_o agreement_n either_o equal_o or_o unequal_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o yet_o in_o such_o negotiation_n service_n may_v be_v set_v against_o money_n
void_a now_o these_o thing_n do_v natural_o attend_v any_o oath_n whereby_o we_o may_v easy_o judge_v of_o the_o oath_n of_o king_n and_o of_o foreigner_n one_o to_o the_o other_o when_o the_o act_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n xx._n how_o far_o the_o prince_n power_n prevail_v over_o his_o subject_n oath_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o power_n our_o superior_n namely_o king_n prince_n master_n and_o husband_n have_v in_o thing_n that_o concern_v they_o in_o their_o respective_a right_n over_o their_o several_a relation_n and_o first_o we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o act_n of_o our_o superior_n can_v make_v a_o oath_n that_o be_v true_o obligatory_a void_a so_o that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v fulfil_v for_o this_o will_v be_v repugnant_a both_o to_o natural_a and_o divine_a right_n but_o because_o all_o our_o action_n be_v not_o full_o in_o our_o own_o power_n but_o so_o as_o they_o have_v some_o dependence_n on_o our_o superior_n therefore_o we_o grant_v that_o our_o superior_n have_v a_o twofold_a power_n over_o we_o concern_v that_o which_o be_v swear_v the_o one_o direct_v upon_o the_o person_n swear_v the_o other_o upon_o the_o person_n to_o who_o he_o swear_v the_o act_n of_o our_o superior_n may_v restrain_v the_o person_n swear_v either_o before_o he_o swear_v make_v such_o a_o oath_n void_a so_o far_o as_o the_o right_n of_o a_o inferior_a be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o his_o superior_a or_o after_o he_o have_v swear_v by_o forbid_v the_o performance_n of_o it_o for_o a_o inferior_a as_o such_o can_v not_o bind_v himself_o without_o the_o approbation_n of_o his_o superior_a beyond_o which_o he_o have_v no_o power_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o jewish_a law_n the_o husband_n have_v power_n to_o null_a the_o vow_n of_o his_o wife_n so_o have_v the_o father_n the_o vow_n of_o his_o child_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o his_o government_n seneca_n start_v this_o question_n what_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o law_n enact_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v do_v that_o which_o i_o have_v promise_v my_o friend_n to_o do_v for_o he_o which_o he_o thus_o resolve_v eadem_fw-la lex_fw-la i_o defendit_fw-la quae_fw-la vetat_fw-la the_o same_o law_n defend_v i_o that_o forbid_v i_o there_o be_v also_o some_o mix_a act_n between_o both_o as_o when_o the_o superior_a do_v appoint_v that_o his_o inferior_a shall_v bind_v himself_o by_o oath_n in_o this_o or_o that_o case_n namely_o through_o fear_n or_o want_v of_o judgement_n but_o with_o this_o limitation_n that_o the_o oath_n shall_v bind_v if_o his_o superior_a shall_v approve_v thereof_o and_o upon_o this_o foundation_n be_v build_v all_o dispensation_n and_o absolution_n from_o oath_n which_o prince_n in_o former_a time_n do_v exercise_n by_o themselves_o 35._o cap._n 35._o as_o suetonius_n testify_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o tiberius_n and_o vasquius_fw-la record_n to_o have_v be_v long_o use_v in_o spain_n which_o power_n they_o now_o remit_v that_o it_o may_v be_v with_o more_o piety_n execute_v unto_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n ancient_o the_o power_n to_o absolve_v from_o oath_n in_o who_o ancient_o so_o the_o act_n of_o a_o superior_a may_v be_v direct_v against_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v either_o by_o take_v away_o that_o right_n which_o by_o that_o oath_n he_o have_v gain_v or_o if_o as_o yet_o he_o have_v no_o right_a by_o forbid_v he_o from_o claim_v any_o right_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o oath_n and_o this_o he_o may_v do_v two_o way_n either_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n or_o for_o a_o more_o public_a good_a by_o virtue_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v what_o power_n prince_n have_v over_o their_o subject_n oath_n where_o he_o that_o swear_v and_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v be_v of_o several_a nation_n but_o he_o that_o upon_o his_o oath_n have_v promise_v any_o thing_n to_o a_o nocent_a person_n as_o to_o a_o thief_n or_o to_o a_o pirate_n as_o such_o can_v by_o way_n of_o punishment_n take_v away_o from_o he_o that_o right_o he_o have_v give_v he_o for_o then_o the_o word_n of_o his_o promise_n or_o of_o his_o oath_n shall_v have_v no_o effect_n at_o all_o which_o inconvenience_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v for_o the_o like_a cause_n the_o right_a of_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v can_v be_v compensated_a with_o the_o right_n of_o that_o which_o be_v before_o controvert_v in_o case_n the_o agreement_n be_v make_v after_o that_o controversy_n begin_v yet_o may_v a_o humane_a law_n remove_v that_o impediment_n which_o it_o have_v put_v in_o act_n of_o some_o certain_a kind_n in_o case_n a_o oath_n either_o of_o what_o kind_n soever_o or_o in_o some_o certain_a form_n be_v add_v as_o the_o roman_a law_n have_v do_v in_o such_o impediment_n as_o respect_v not_o the_o public_a direct_o but_o the_o private_a benefit_n of_o he_o that_o swear_v which_o if_o it_o may_v be_v do_v the_o act_n swear_v shall_v stand_v in_o force_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o natural_o it_o will_v if_o such_o a_o humane_a law_n be_v not_o either_o in_o oblige_v hiâ—_n faith_n only_o or_o in_o give_v also_o a_o right_n to_o another_o according_a to_o the_o diverse_a nature_n of_o act_n which_o we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o handle_v xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o oath_n christ_n forbid_v and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o precept_n of_o christ_n and_o by_o st._n james_n concern_v our_o not_o swear_v at_o all_o do_v not_o proper_o belong_v to_o assertory_n oath_n whereof_o we_o have_v several_a example_n in_o st._n paul_n but_o unto_o such_o as_o be_v promissory_a for_o a_o time_n to_o come_v 11.7_o james_n 5.12_o rom._n 1.9.9.1_o 2_o cor._n 1.23.11.31_o phil._n 1.8_o 1_o thes_n 11.9_o 1_o tim._n 11.7_o which_o be_v uncertain_a and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o opposition_n in_o the_o very_a word_n of_o christ_n you_o have_v hear_v it_o say_v to_o they_o of_o old_a thou_o shall_v not_o forswear_v but_o thou_o shall_v pay_v thy_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o swear_v not_o at_o all_o and_o by_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v add_v by_o st._n james_n that_o you_o be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v deceiver_n for_o so_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sound_v among_o the_o greek_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o job_n 34.30_o and_o mat._n 24.57_o the_o same_o may_v easy_o be_v evince_v by_o our_o saviour_n subsequent_a word_n let_v your_o speech_n be_v yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o which_o st._n james_n thus_o expound_v let_v your_o yea_o be_v yea_o and_o your_o nay_o be_v nay_o which_o be_v a_o plain_a figure_n which_o the_o rhethorician_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o former_a yea_o signify_v the_o promise_n make_v the_o latter_a yea_o the_o fulfil_n of_o that_o promise_n for_o this_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n yea_o be_v a_o adverb_n of_o yield_v grant_v or_o promise_v and_o be_v express_v by_o amen_o apoc._n 1.7_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n express_v it_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o quidni_fw-la which_o be_v a_o affirm_v or_o a_o assent_v to_o that_o which_o be_v ask_v of_o we_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o fulfil_n of_o a_o promise_n by_o st._n paul_n 2_o cor._n 1.20_o where_o he_o say_v that_o all_o the_o promise_n of_o god_n in_o christ_n be_v yea_o and_o amen_n hence_o arise_v that_o old_a heb._n adage_n a_o honest_a man_n yea_o be_v yea_o and_o his_o no_n be_v no_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o who_o word_n and_o deed_n do_v not_o accord_v be_v by_o they_o say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sometime_o off_o and_o sometime_o on_o as_o 2_o cor._n 1.18_o 19_o 19_o 2_o cor._n 1.18_o 19_o that_o be_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d their_o yea_o be_v not_o and_z their_z no_z be_v yea_o the_o meaning_n whereof_o be_v that_o they_o be_v inconstant_a unsettle_a always_o change_v so_o st._n paul_n himself_o expound_v it_o for_o when_o they_o charge_v he_o with_o levity_n he_o excuse_v himself_o say_v that_o his_o speech_n to_o they_o be_v not_o yea_o and_o no_o but_o as_o to_o himself_o it_o be_v always_o yea_o festus_n among_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n naucum_fw-la write_v thus_o some_o there_o be_v that_o think_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o signify_v a_o waver_a man_n now_o if_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yea_o and_o no_o signify_v lightness_n or_o inconstancy_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o yea_o yea_o and_o no_o no_o signify_v stayedness_n or_o constancy_n so_o
distinction_n to_o be_v observe_v where_o there_o be_v any_o probable_a reason_n for_o give_v or_o otherwise_o alienate_v what_o be_v the_o people_n but_o in_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v by_o any_o contract_n go_v about_o to_o alienate_v any_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n beyond_o what_o be_v permit_v unto_o he_o such_o a_o contract_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o force_n as_o be_v make_v of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o he_o to_o dispose_v of_o as_o much_o may_v be_v say_v of_o such_o kingdom_n as_o be_v limit_v and_o restrain_v if_o the_o people_n have_v exempt_v any_o either_o matter_n or_o kind_n of_o act_n from_o the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n for_o to_o make_v such_o act_n valid_a the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o their_o representative_n be_v necessary_o require_v as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v when_o we_o discourse_v of_o alienation_n now_o these_o distinction_n be_v observe_v it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o judge_v whether_o the_o exception_n of_o king_n who_o refuse_v to_o pay_v their_o predecessor_n debt_n who_o heir_n they_o be_v not_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a whereof_o we_o may_v read_v many_o example_n in_o bodine_n xiii_o of_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n which_o be_v revocable_a and_o which_o not_o neither_o be_v that_o which_o some_o affirm_v to_o be_v admit_v without_o a_o distinction_n namely_o that_o the_o benefit_n of_o prince_n which_o be_v free_o and_o liberal_o grant_v may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v revoke_v for_o some_o benefit_n a_o king_n may_v give_v out_o of_o what_o be_v his_o own_o and_o which_o be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o prayer_n or_o request_n of_o the_o grant_n may_v well_o pass_v for_o a_o perfect_a donative_n now_o these_o can_v be_v revoke_v unless_o from_o subject_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n or_o for_o public_a good_a for_o which_o also_o satisfaction_n must_v be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o public_a stock_n if_o possible_a but_o other_o benefit_n there_o be_v which_o only_o take_v away_o the_o bind_a power_n of_o the_o law_n without_o any_o contract_n and_o these_o be_v revocable_a for_o as_o a_o law_n universal_o take_v away_o may_v always_o be_v universal_o restore_v so_o also_o be_v particular_o take_v away_o it_o may_v be_v particular_o restore_v for_o no_o right_n be_v here_o acquire_v against_o the_o lawmaker_n fourteen_o whether_o the_o right_a king_n be_v bind_v by_o contract_n of_o a_o usurper_n but_o by_o such_o contract_n as_o be_v make_v by_o usurper_n or_o such_o as_o without_o any_o just_a title_n invade_v a_o kingdom_n neither_o the_o people_n nor_o their_o lawful_a prince_n be_v oblige_v for_o such_o have_v no_o right_n at_o all_o to_o bind_v they_o yet_o even_o these_o also_o shall_v be_v bind_v by_o those_o contract_n so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v enrich_v by_o those_o contract_n chap._n xv._o of_o league_n and_o sponsion_n i._o public_a agreement_n what_o they_o be_v ii_o divide_v into_o league_n sponsion_n and_o other_o convention_n iii_o how_o these_o differ_v and_o how_o far_o sponsion_n oblige_v iv_o menippus_n his_o division_n of_o league_n reject_v v._o league_n divide_v into_o such_o as_o oblige_v unto_o thing_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o from_o whence_o this_o arise_v vi_o and_o unto_o thing_n thereunto_o add_v which_o be_v either_o equal_a vii_o or_o such_o as_o be_v unequal_a which_o again_o be_v divide_v viii_o league_n make_v between_o those_o of_o a_o different_a religion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v lawful_a ix_o nor_o be_v they_o universal_o forbid_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n x._o nor_n by_o the_o christian_a law_n xi_o caution_n concern_v such_o league_n xii_o all_o christian_n be_v oblige_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n against_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n to_o christianity_n xiii_o if_o diverse_a of_o our_o confederate_n be_v at_o war_n which_o we_o ought_v to_o assist_v explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n fourteen_o whether_o a_o league_n may_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v renew_v tacit_o xv._o whether_o the_o breach_n by_o one_o party_n do_v free_a the_o other_o from_o be_v oblige_v xvi_o how_o far_o the_o sponsor_n stand_v oblige_v in_o case_n what_o they_o undertake_v for_o be_v refuse_v xvii_o whether_o a_o sponsion_n be_v know_v but_o not_o refuse_v do_v oblige_v by_o silence_n this_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n i._o public_a convention_n what_o they_o be_v all_o agreement_n be_v by_o ulpian_n divide_v into_o such_o as_o be_v public_a or_o private_a the_o public_a he_o expound_v not_o as_o some_o think_v by_o a_o definition_n but_o by_o example_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o whereupon_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v the_o second_o be_v that_o whereon_o the_o general_n on_o both_o side_n do_v agree_v among_o themselves_o about_o some_o thing_n touch_v the_o war._n by_o public_a agreement_n he_o understand_v those_o which_o can_v be_v make_v but_o by_o such_o as_o have_v the_o right_n of_o empire_n either_o great_a or_o lesser_a whereby_o it_o be_v distinguish_v not_o only_o from_o the_o contract_n of_o private_a person_n but_o from_o the_o contract_n which_o king_n make_v in_o their_o private_a affair_n although_o even_o from_o these_o private_a contract_n a_o war_n be_v sometime_o occasion_v but_o often_o from_o the_o public_a wherefore_o since_o we_o have_v sufficient_o treat_v of_o convention_n in_o general_a we_o will_v add_v thereunto_o some_o thing_n concern_v this_o kind_n which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o most_o excellent_a ii_o how_o divide_v now_o these_o public_a convention_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o may_v divide_v into_o league_n sponsion_n and_o other_o paction_n iii_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o the_o difference_n between_o league_n and_o sponsion_n we_o may_v learn_v out_o of_o the_o nine_o book_n of_o livy_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o league_n be_v such_o agreement_n as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o whereby_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v make_v liable_a to_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n if_o they_o infringe_v it_o and_o this_o among_o the_o roman_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v perform_v by_o herald_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o herald_n but_o a_o sponsion_n be_v where_o the_o general_n have_v no_o order_n from_o the_o supreme_a power_n to_o conclude_v any_o thing_n about_o such_o a_o matter_n do_v yet_o promise_v and_o undertake_v something_o concern_v it_o in_o sallust_n we_o read_v thus_o the_o senate_n as_o it_o be_v very_o fit_a have_v decree_v that_o without_o their_o and_o the_o people_n command_n no_o league_n shall_v be_v make_v 24._o lib._n 24._o hieronymus_n king_n of_o syracuse_n as_o livy_n relate_v contract_v friendship_n with_o hannibal_n but_o he_o send_v afterward_o to_o carthage_n to_o make_v of_o that_o alliance_n a_o perfect_a league_n wherefore_o that_o of_o seneca_n the_o father_n where_o he_o say_v 29._o cont._n l._n 4._o c._n 29._o in_o that_o the_o emperor_n strike_v up_o a_o league_n the_o roman_a people_n may_v be_v say_v to_o strike_v it_o up_o and_o to_o be_v conclude_v by_o it_o must_v be_v refer_v to_o those_o ancient_a consul_n or_o general_n who_o have_v receive_v special_a order_n from_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n so_o to_o do_v but_o in_o monarchical_a estate_n 2._o see_v book_n 3._o ch_n 20._o §._o 2._o the_o sole_a power_n of_o make_v league_n be_v in_o the_o king_n according_a to_o that_o of_o euripides_n adrastum_fw-la hunc_fw-la opus_fw-la jurare_fw-la namque_fw-la be_v jus_o habet_fw-la regni_fw-la potens_fw-la ut_fw-la civitatem_fw-la foedere_fw-la obstringat_fw-la svo_fw-la this_o adrastus_n ought_v to_o swear_v i_o say_v who_o be_v their_o sovereign_n the_o whole_a city_n may_v oblige_v this_o league_n for_o ever_o to_o obey_v now_o as_o inferior_a magistrate_n can_v oblige_v the_o people_n so_o neither_o can_v the_o minor_a part_n of_o the_o people_n oblige_v the_o whole_a but_o let_v we_o here_o inquire_v how_o far_o forth_o they_o be_v bind_v who_o not_o have_v the_o people_n right_a shall_v yet_o undertake_v that_o which_o the_o people_n only_o have_v a_o right_a to_o do_v some_o may_v think_v that_o if_o the_o sponsor_n use_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o effect_v that_o which_o they_o have_v undertake_v they_o have_v preserve_v their_o faith_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v 22._o vid._n sup_v ch_n 11._o §._o 22._o of_o promise_n make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o a_o three_o person_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o business_n concern_v which_o this_o contract_n be_v make_v require_v a_o strict_a obligation_n for_o no_o man_n in_o contract_n will_v either_o give_v or_o promise_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o own_o but_o expect_v that_o something_o shall_v be_v perform_v unto_o he_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o
as_o they_o be_v a_o nation_n and_o all_o king_n as_o they_o be_v king_n shall_v sympathize_v with_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o king_n that_o be_v oppress_v neither_o be_v every_o person_n more_o bind_v to_o defend_v his_o own_o member_n than_o prince_n be_v in_o obedience_n to_o christ_n to_o defend_v each_o other_o with_o that_o power_n which_o he_o have_v give_v they_o but_o this_o duty_n neither_o king_n nor_o people_n can_v well_o perform_v whilst_o christendom_n be_v invade_v by_o the_o enemy_n of_o christ_n unless_o they_o do_v mutual_o assist_v each_o other_o which_o can_v never_o be_v do_v successful_o unless_o they_o strong_o confederate_a together_o for_o that_o end_n and_o such_o a_o general_n league_n between_o christian_a prince_n have_v heretofore_o be_v make_v whereof_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v by_o general_a consent_n choose_v general_n whereby_o all_o christian_n be_v oblige_v to_o contribute_v either_o man_n or_o money_n according_a to_o their_o power_n as_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o religion_n which_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o common_a cause_n for_o the_o neglect_n whereof_o i_o can_v see_v how_o any_o people_n can_v plead_v excuse_n unless_o it_o be_v such_o as_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o inevitable_a war_n or_o afflict_v with_o some_o other_o general_a calamity_n at_o home_n xiii_o if_o our_o confederate_n be_v engage_v in_o several_a war_n which_o we_o ought_v to_o assist_v another_o question_n do_v often_o arise_v namely_o in_o case_n two_o nation_n be_v engage_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o both_o be_v our_o confederate_n whether_o of_o they_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o help_v where_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o must_v remember_v what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v that_o ad_fw-la bella_fw-la injusta_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la obligatio_fw-la no_o league_n can_v bind_v we_o to_o a_o war_n that_o be_v unjust_a he_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n if_o the_o war_n be_v against_o a_o strange_a prince_n yea_o if_o it_o be_v against_o another_o confederate_n the_o word_n of_o he_o that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o another_o be_v these_o si_fw-mi scivero_fw-la velle_fw-la te_fw-la aliquem_fw-la just_a offendere_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la generaliter_fw-la aut_fw-la specialiter_fw-la fuero_fw-la requisitus_fw-la meum_fw-la tibi_fw-la sicut_fw-la potero_fw-la praestabo_fw-la auxilium_fw-la if_o i_o shall_v understand_v 4._o see_v book_n 3._o chap._n 25._o §._o 4._o that_o thou_o will_v make_v a_o offensive_a war_n against_o any_o man_n upon_o a_o just_a ground_n and_o that_o i_o be_o either_o general_o or_o special_o require_v to_o give_v thou_o my_o assistance_n i_o shall_v do_v it_o to_o my_o utmost_a power_n thus_o demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v megalopolis_n the_o athenian_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o league_n to_o aid_v the_o messenian_n their_o confederate_n against_o the_o lacedaemonian_n their_o confederate_n if_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v the_o first_o aggressor_n which_o hold_v true_a unless_o in_o our_o article_n it_o shall_v be_v express_o forbid_v to_o send_v out_o any_o aid_n against_o such_o a_o confederate_a 6._o polyb._n l._n 6._o in_o that_o agreement_n which_o hannibal_n make_v with_o the_o macedonian_n there_o be_v this_o clause_n host_n erimus_fw-la hostium_fw-la exceptis_fw-la regibus_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quibuscum_fw-la foedus_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o amicitia_fw-la est_fw-la enemy_n we_o shall_v be_v to_o thy_o enemy_n except_o only_o such_o as_o be_v in_o league_n and_o amity_n with_o we_o if_o two_o nation_n be_v at_o war_n and_o both_o our_o confederate_n and_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v a_o just_a cause_n which_o may_v so_o happen_v we_o be_v to_o stand_v neuter_n and_o to_o assist_v neither_o so_o aristides_n if_o either_o of_o our_o confederate_n have_v require_v our_o aid_n against_o stranger_n it_o have_v be_v ready_o grant_v but_o if_o against_o one_o another_o we_o desire_v to_o stand_v neuter_n leuctrica_fw-la leuctrica_fw-la if_o both_o our_o confederate_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o just_a war_n against_o stranger_n and_o both_o send_v for_o aid_n if_o we_o be_v able_a we_o must_v send_v to_o both_o either_o man_n or_o money_n but_o if_o a_o prince_n shall_v be_v require_v by_o both_o to_o aid_v they_o in_o his_o own_o person_n have_v so_o promise_v then_o because_o his_o person_n can_v be_v divide_v it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o he_o shall_v prefer_v he_o with_o who_o he_o have_v contract_v the_o ancient_a league_n as_o the_o epirot_n answer_v the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o polybius_n the_o like_a answer_n be_v give_v to_o the_o campane_n by_o the_o roman_a consul_n in_o contract_a friend_n it_o be_v fit_a that_o we_o take_v care_n that_o the_o new_a do_v not_o supplant_v the_o old_a the_o ancient_a the_o league_n be_v the_o more_o inviolable_a thus_o ptolemy_n answer_v the_o athenian_n in_o the_o like_a case_n amicis_fw-la ferenda_fw-la auxilia_fw-la contra_fw-la host_n non_fw-la contra_fw-la amicos_fw-la we_o be_v to_o aid_v our_o friend_n against_o enemy_n but_o not_o against_o our_o friend_n which_o also_o will_v admit_v of_o this_o exception_n unless_o the_o latter_a league_n do_v bind_v we_o far_o than_o our_o bare_a promise_n for_o it_o may_v include_v a_o translation_n of_o the_o government_n and_o imply_v somewhat_o of_o subjection_n and_o thus_o we_o say_v that_o in_o sell_v of_o good_n the_o first_o sale_n be_v the_o best_a unless_o the_o latter_a shall_v also_o transfer_v the_o property_n and_o dominion_n so_o livy_n of_o the_o nepesines_n that_o the_o faith_n give_v upon_o their_o surrender_n bind_v they_o fast_o sanctior_fw-la deditionis_fw-la quam_fw-la societatis_fw-la fides_fw-la sanctior_fw-la than_o that_o give_v by_o former_a league_n as_o to_o their_o associate_n some_o there_o be_v that_o do_v more_o nice_o distinguish_v between_o these_o but_o what_o i_o have_v say_v i_o take_v to_o draw_v near_o as_o to_o simplicity_n so_o also_o to_o truth_n fourteen_o when_o renew_v a_o league_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n prefix_v be_v not_o easy_o presume_v to_o be_v renew_v through_o silence_n unless_o such_o act_n intervene_v which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v understand_v for_o a_o new_a obligation_n be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v presume_v xv._o the_o league_n be_v void_a if_o either_o party_n break_v it_o if_o either_o party_n violate_v the_o league_n the_o other_o party_n be_v free_v because_o each_o article_n of_o the_o league_n have_v the_o force_n and_o virtue_n of_o a_o condition_n thus_o thucydides_n determine_v it_o they_o say_v he_o be_v not_o the_o first_o breaker_n of_o the_o league_n who_o be_v desert_v seek_v for_o aid_n to_o other_o but_o they_o that_o perform_v not_o by_o their_o deed_n what_o they_o have_v promise_v to_o do_v upon_o their_o oath_n and_o in_o another_o place_n si_fw-la vel_fw-la tantillum_fw-la ex_fw-la dictis_fw-la pars_fw-la alterutra_fw-la transgrederetur_fw-la rupta_fw-la sunt_fw-la pacta_fw-la if_o either_o party_n shall_v transgress_v the_o article_n they_o have_v swear_v unto_o never_o so_o little_a the_o league_n be_v break_v this_o also_o be_v true_a unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o provide_v by_o the_o league_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v lest_o what_o be_v serious_o debate_v and_o solemn_o swear_v shall_v be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v break_v upon_o every_o rash_a offence_n xvi_o how_o far_o general_n engage_v be_v bind_v if_o the_o prince_n refuse_v sponsion_n be_v such_o promise_n or_o undertake_n as_o general_n make_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o sovereign_n for_o the_o performance_n whereof_o they_o engage_v themselves_o or_o give_v hostage_n till_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o their_o prince_n or_o senate_n the_o subject_a matter_n whereof_o be_v as_o diverse_a as_o of_o league_n they_o differ_v from_o league_n in_o the_o dignity_n of_o those_o that_o make_v they_o concern_v these_o engagement_n two_o doubt_n usual_o arise_v the_o first_o be_v if_o the_o matter_n engage_v for_o be_v refuse_v by_o the_o king_n or_o state_n how_o far_o forth_o be_v the_o party_n engage_v bind_v whether_o to_o make_v up_o what_o the_o king_n or_o state_n shall_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o grant_v or_o to_o restore_v all_o thing_n to_o the_o same_o state_n and_o condition_n as_o they_o be_v in_o before_o such_o agreement_n be_v make_v or_o to_o deliver_v up_o their_o own_o body_n and_o the_o hostage_n to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o second_o to_o equity_n and_o reason_n which_o we_o find_v urge_v by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o caudine_n controversy_n the_o three_o be_v most_o approve_a of_o by_o use_n and_o custom_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o two_o notable_a sponsion_n make_v at_o caudis_fw-la and_o numantia_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n may_v we_o admit_v numantia_n the_o sponsion_n make_v at_o caudis_fw-la and_o numantia_n that_o either_o the_o king_n or_o
but_o here_o it_o be_v also_o sometime_o question_v whether_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o tacit_a condition_n that_o thing_n remain_v so_o as_o they_o be_v when_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v which_o we_o deny_v unless_o it_o do_v manifest_o appear_v that_o that_o present_a condition_n of_o thing_n be_v include_v in_o that_o only_a reason_n which_o we_o have_v say_v and_o we_o read_v of_o nothing_o more_o frequent_o in_o history_n than_o of_o ambassador_n who_o understand_v so_o great_a a_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o state_n as_o will_v render_v the_o whole_a matter_n and_o cause_n of_o the_o embassy_n frustrate_v have_v return_v home_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n xxvi_o or_o from_o the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will_n which_o be_v take_v either_o from_o something_o that_o be_v unlawful_a necessary_a court_n of_o equity_n necessary_a the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o the_o will_n be_v guess_v at_o either_o by_o natural_a reason_n or_o by_o some_o other_o sign_n of_o the_o will._n the_o proper_a office_n to_o judge_v at_o the_o will_n by_o right_a reason_n aristotle_n assign_v to_o prudence_n in_o the_o understanding_n and_o in_o the_o will_n to_o equity_n which_o he_o very_o fit_o define_v to_o be_v the_o correction_n or_o moderation_n of_o that_o wherein_o the_o law_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o generality_n be_v deficient_a which_o ought_v to_o take_v place_n as_o well_o in_o testament_n as_o in_o contract_n respective_o for_o see_v that_o all_o emergent_a case_n can_v neither_o be_v foresee_v by_o the_o lawgiver_n nor_o except_v in_o the_o law_n therefore_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o some_o liberty_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o the_o exempt_n of_o such_o case_n as_o he_o that_o make_v the_o law_n will_v have_v exempt_v have_v he_o be_v present_a or_o can_v he_o have_v foresee_v it_o and_o yet_o be_v not_o this_o rash_o to_o be_v admit_v for_o that_o be_v to_o make_v himself_o lord_n over_o another_o man_n act_n but_o then_o only_o when_o we_o have_v sufficient_a sign_n to_o justify_v our_o conjecture_n whereof_o none_o can_v be_v more_o just_a than_o this_o when_o they_o will_v binds_z we_o to_o thing_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o god_n or_o nature_n for_o such_o law_n have_v no_o power_n to_o oblige_v be_v necessary_o to_o be_v exempt_v quaedam_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la nulla_fw-la significatione_n legis_fw-la comprehensa_fw-la sint_fw-la natura_fw-la tamen_fw-la excipiuntur_fw-la there_o be_v some_o thing_n say_v quintilian_n that_o natural_o be_v exempt_v although_o they_o be_v not_o comprehend_v by_o any_o signification_n of_o the_o law_n as_o he_o that_o have_v promise_v to_o restore_v a_o sword_n to_o he_o who_o entrust_v he_o with_o it_o if_o the_o man_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v be_v mad_a he_o ought_v not_o to_o deliver_v it_o lest_o he_o thereby_o create_v danger_n to_o himself_o or_o to_o some_o other_o that_o be_v innocent_a so_o neither_o be_v we_o to_o restore_v a_o thing_n to_o he_o that_o deposit_v it_o with_o we_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n demand_v it_o this_o i_o approve_v of_o say_v triphonius_n to_o be_v justice_n that_o so_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o that_o he_o detract_v not_o from_o the_o just_a claim_n of_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o such_o be_v the_o force_n of_o propriety_n be_v once_o introduce_v that_o not_o to_o return_v a_o thing_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n when_o know_v be_v altogether_o unjust_a xxvii_o or_o when_o some_o too_o great_a a_o charge_n arise_v to_o the_o promiser_n in_o comparison_n of_o that_o act_n the_o second_o sign_n shall_v be_v this_o when_o strict_o to_o follow_v the_o word_n of_o the_o promise_n or_o contract_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o and_o altogether_o unlawful_a but_o when_o it_o bind_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o to_o a_o prudent_a and_o weal-balanced_a judgement_n be_v too_o grievous_a and_o intolerable_a and_o that_o whether_o we_o respect_v humanity_n itself_o absolute_o or_o by_o compare_v the_o person_n promise_v and_o the_o thing_n promise_v with_o the_o end_n for_o which_o such_o a_o promise_n or_o contract_n be_v make_v so_o he_o that_o lend_v a_o thing_n for_o such_o a_o time_n may_v require_v it_o before_o that_o time_n if_o he_o stand_v in_o great_a want_n of_o it_o because_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o no_o man_n will_v willing_o do_v his_o friend_n a_o courtesy_n in_o that_o wherein_o he_o shall_v do_v himself_o a_o manifest_a injury_n so_o he_o that_o shall_v promise_v succour_n to_o his_o ally_n shall_v be_v excuse_v in_o case_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n at_o home_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o those_o force_n in_o like_a manner_n he_o that_o promise_v immunity_n from_o tribute_n and_o tax_n mean_v only_o from_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a tax_n not_o from_o those_o that_o may_v be_v impose_v in_o time_n of_o great_a danger_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n wherefore_o it_o be_v too_o loose_o say_v of_o cicero_n that_o those_o promise_n be_v not_o to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v unprofitable_a to_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v nor_o those_o which_o do_v more_o endamage_v the_o promiser_n than_o benefit_n he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v for_o the_o person_n promise_v be_v no_o competent_a judge_n whether_o the_o thing_n promise_v will_v be_v profitable_a to_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v promise_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o be_v before_o instance_a of_o apparent_a madness_n neither_o be_v every_o damage_n sufficient_a to_o absolve_v the_o promiser_n from_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o the_o damage_n must_v be_v such_o as_o even_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o act_n it_o may_v be_v believe_v that_o can_v it_o have_v be_v foresee_v it_o will_v have_v be_v exempt_v so_o he_o that_o be_v engage_v to_o do_v so_o many_o day_n service_n for_o another_o be_v acquit_v from_o his_o engagement_n if_o either_o his_o father_n or_o his_o son_n be_v affect_v with_o some_o dangerous_a sickness_n this_o be_v cicero_n opinion_n in_o this_o case_n if_o be_v retain_v to_o plead_v the_o cause_n of_o thy_o client_n thy_o son_n shall_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n fall_v desperate_o sick_a non_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la officium_fw-la 1._o off._n l._n 1._o non_fw-la facere_fw-la quod_fw-la dixeris_fw-la thou_o be_v not_o in_o duty_n bind_v to_o attend_v that_o cause_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n to_o be_v understand_v then_o do_v i_o break_v my_o word_n then_o may_v i_o be_v just_o charge_v with_o levity_n 35._o de_fw-fr benef._n l._n 4._o c._n 35._o when_o all_o thing_n remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o when_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v i_o do_v not_o perform_v what_o i_o promise_v but_o in_o case_n there_o fall_v out_o any_o unexpected_a change_n concern_v that_o whereupon_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v it_o give_v i_o liberty_n to_o consult_v anew_o and_o yet_o i_o preserve_v my_o faith_n i_o be_o haply_o retain_v in_o a_o cause_n wherein_o i_o do_v afterward_o conceive_v that_o my_o father_n may_v be_v damnify_v i_o have_v promise_v to_o take_v a_o journey_n into_o the_o country_n with_o such_o a_o companion_n but_o i_o understand_v since_o that_o the_o way_n be_v infest_a with_o robber_n i_o have_v engage_v my_o word_n to_o be_v present_a and_o to_o assist_v in_o such_o a_o business_n but_o be_o with_o hold_v by_o the_o unexpected_a sickness_n of_o my_o son_n or_o by_o my_o wife_n fall_v into_o labour_n omnia_fw-la esse_fw-la debent_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la fucrunt_fw-la cum_fw-la promitterem_fw-la ut_fw-la promittentis_fw-la fidem_fw-la teneas_fw-la all_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o they_o be_v when_o i_o promise_v to_o oblige_v i_o to_o do_v what_o i_o do_v promise_v where_o by_o all_o thing_n we_o must_v understand_v all_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o act_n which_o be_v in_o question_n 1595._o see_v camd._n anno_fw-la 1595._o the_o english_a do_v frequent_o make_v use_n of_o these_o politic_a maxim_n both_o with_o the_o hollander_n and_o with_o the_o hans-town_n as_o camden_n record_v for_o when_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o assist_v the_o state_n of_o holland_n have_v draw_v down_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o spain_n against_o herself_o and_o therefore_o for_o her_o necessary_a defence_n demand_v those_o vast_a sum_n lend_v they_o to_o prosecute_v their_o war_n they_o urge_v that_o that_o money_n be_v not_o due_a by_o their_o contract_n till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n and_o that_o until_o then_o she_o be_v oblige_v in_o honour_n to_o assist_v they_o she_o answer_v that_o a_o prince_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o contract_n when_o for_o just_a cause_n
that_o offer_v they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o perform_v they_o for_o until_o they_o be_v accept_v there_o be_v no_o right_o acquire_v as_o appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v promise_n and_o this_o offering_n of_o condition_n be_v less_o bind_v than_o a_o promise_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o damage_n do_v to_o one_o man_n through_o the_o default_n of_o another_o and_o the_o obligation_n thence_o arise_v i._o he_o that_o occasion_v the_o damage_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v it_o ii_o a_o damage_n be_v that_o which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o a_o man_n right_a strict_o take_v iii_o a_o man_n aptitude_n or_o fitness_n for_o a_o thing_n be_v exact_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o his_o right_n strict_o take_v iv_o that_o damage_n extend_v to_o even_o the_o fruit_n or_o profit_n of_o what_o be_v his_o v._n and_o to_o the_o surcease_n of_o gain_n and_o how_o vi_o of_o damage_n primary_o occasion_v vii_o and_o of_o such_o as_o be_v occasion_v secondary_o viii_o of_o damage_n occasion_v by_o omission_n primary_o ix_o and_o secondary_o x._o what_o they_o must_v contribute_v to_o the_o act_n that_o be_v thus_o far_o bind_v xi_o in_o what_o order_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o reparation_n xii_o this_o obligation_n be_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o damage_n that_o shall_v ensue_v xiii_o a_o example_n in_o a_o manslayer_n fourteen_o in_o he_o that_o offer_v violence_n otherwise_o xv._o in_o a_o adulterer_n or_o fornicator_n xvi_o in_o a_o thief_n robber_n and_o other_o xvii_o and_o in_o he_o that_o give_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o promise_n either_o by_o fraud_n or_o by_o fear_n that_o be_v unjust_a xviii_o what_o if_o that_o fear_n be_v natural_o just_a xix_o what_o if_o that_o fear_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n deem_v just_a xx._n how_o far_o the_o civil_a power_n be_v bind_v for_o damage_n do_v by_o their_o subject_n where_o the_o question_n concern_v prize_n take_v by_o sea_n from_o confederate_n contrary_a to_o public_a command_n be_v handle_v xxi_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v damage_n do_v by_o his_o beast_n or_o ship_n without_o his_o knowledge_n xxii_o damage_n sustain_v in_o a_o man_n credit_n or_o honour_n how_o to_o be_v repair_v i._o he_o that_o occasion_v the_o damage_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v it_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o a_o right_n unto_o a_o thing_n may_v accrue_v unto_o we_o from_o another_o three_o several_a way_n either_o by_o contract_n or_o by_o injury_n do_v we_o or_o by_o law_n concern_v contract_n i_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o let_v we_o now_o come_v unto_o that_o which_o be_v natural_o due_a unto_o we_o by_o reason_n of_o wrong_n do_v unto_o we_o for_o every_o fault_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o commission_n or_o omission_n that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o that_o which_o man_n either_o in_o respect_n to_o common_a humanity_n or_o in_o respect_n to_o their_o particular_a quality_n or_o calling_n ought_v to_o do_v we_o here_o call_v a_o wrong_n from_o such_o a_o default_n their_o natural_o arise_v this_o obligation_n in_o case_n any_o damage_n be_v do_v we_o namely_o that_o reparation_n be_v make_v we_o ii_o damage_n be_v that_o which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o right_v strict_o so_o take_v damage_n be_v haply_o derive_v à _fw-la demendo_fw-la i._n e._n from_o something_o that_o be_v take_v away_o from_o we_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o a_o man_n receive_v less_o than_o what_o be_v his_o right_n or_o his_o own_o whether_o that_o right_o do_v accrue_v unto_o he_o by_o nature_n mere_o or_o by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o humane_a fact_n as_o by_o dominion_n by_o contract_n or_o by_o law_n by_o nature_n a_o man_n own_o be_v his_o life_n not_o to_o destroy_v it_o but_o to_o preserve_v it_o his_o limb_n his_o reputation_n his_o honour_n and_o his_o peculiar_a action_n by_o dominion_n and_o by_o contract_n how_o any_o thing_n become_v our_o own_o we_o have_v be_v teach_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v and_o that_o in_o respect_n as_o well_o to_o thing_n as_o to_o other_o man_n action_n so_o likewise_o by_o law_n there_o arise_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o right_n for_o that_o the_o law_n claim_v the_o same_o or_o a_o great_a right_n over_o the_o person_n and_o estate_n of_o subject_n than_o any_o private_a man_n can_v have_v over_o his_o own_o thus_o have_v a_o pupil_n a_o right_a to_o exact_v from_o his_o guardian_n his_o utmost_a care_n so_o have_v the_o commonwealth_n from_o the_o magistrate_n and_o not_o only_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o every_o citizen_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o law_n shall_v warrant_v it_o either_o express_o or_o by_o sufficient_a consequence_n but_o from_o any_o man_n aptitude_n or_o fitness_n only_o because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o call_v a_o right_n and_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o that_o kind_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v distributive_a no_o true_a dominion_n or_o property_n can_v arise_v and_o therefore_o no_o obligation_n to_o restitution_n because_o that_o be_v not_o instant_o his_o own_o for_o which_o he_o be_v fit_a or_o capable_a for_o as_o aristotle_n well_o observe_v he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o transgress_v the_o rule_n of_o justice_n proper_o so_o call_v who_o out_o of_o parsimony_n relieve_v not_o a_o poor_a man_n with_o his_o money_n planco_n nic._n v._o c._n 4._o orat._n pro._n câ—_n planco_n this_o say_v cicero_n be_v the_o condition_n of_o a_o free_a state_n that_o they_o can_v by_o their_o vote_n either_o give_v to_o or_o take_v away_o from_o any_o man_n what_o they_o please_v and_o yet_o he_o present_o subjoin_v that_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o people_n may_v do_v even_o what_o they_o will_v not_o what_o they_o ought_v where_o the_o word_n ought_v be_v take_v in_o its_o large_a signification_n iii_o a_o strict_a right_o distinguish_v from_o a_o bare_a fitness_n but_o here_o we_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o we_o do_v not_o confound_v thing_n that_o be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n for_o he_o to_o who_o the_o choice_n of_o magistrate_n be_v commit_v be_v oblige_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o choose_v a_o man_n that_o be_v worthy_a and_o to_o exact_v this_o of_o he_o the_o commonwealth_n have_v a_o peculiar_a right_n in_o so_o much_o that_o if_o by_o his_o evil_a choice_n the_o commonwealth_n sustain_v any_o damage_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v it_o so_o any_o citizen_n that_o be_v not_o unworthy_a though_o he_o have_v no_o proper_a right_n to_o any_o office_n yet_o have_v he_o this_o true_a right_n that_o he_o may_v be_v a_o competitor_n for_o it_o as_o well_o as_o other_o and_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v be_v either_o by_o fraud_n or_o force_n hinder_v in_o this_o his_o right_n he_o may_v sue_v for_o satisfaction_n though_o not_o to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o office_n he_o seek_v yet_o to_o the_o value_n of_o his_o uncertain_a damage_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o he_o to_o who_o a_o testator_n will_v but_o be_v by_o fraud_n or_o force_n hinder_v can_v give_v a_o legacy_n for_o a_o capacity_n to_o receive_v a_o legacy_n be_v a_o certain_a right_n and_o consequent_o to_o hinder_v the_o testator_n of_o his_o freedom_n to_o bequeath_v it_o be_v a_o injury_n that_o require_v reparation_n iv_o a_o damage_n extend_v to_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n a_o man_n shall_v be_v understand_v to_o have_v less_o than_o his_o due_n and_o consequent_o to_o be_v damnify_v not_o only_o in_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_o the_o fruit_n arise_v from_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v perceive_v or_o not_o if_o he_o be_v to_o have_v perceive_v they_o deduct_v the_o cost_n which_o he_o be_v at_o in_o the_o meliorate_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o charge_n which_o he_o necessary_o shall_v have_v be_v at_o in_o the_o perceive_v of_o they_o according_a to_o that_o rule_n that_o forbid_v we_o to_o make_v ourselves_o gainer_n by_o other_o man_n loss_n v._o and_o to_o the_o gain_n that_o cease_v and_o how_o so_o also_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_n by_o that_o which_o be_v our_o own_o be_v valuable_a not_o as_o if_o it_o be_v gain_v but_o according_a to_o the_o nearness_n of_o our_o hope_n to_o gain_v it_o as_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o harvest_n to_o he_o that_o in_o hope_n thereof_o sow_v his_o own_o land_n vi_o of_o damage_n give_v primary_o beside_o he_o that_o immediate_o do_v the_o wrong_n other_o also_o may_v be_v oblige_v to_o reparation_n either_o by_o do_v what_o they_o ought_v not_o or_o by_o not_o do_v what_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v by_o do_v and_o that_o either_o primary_o or_o secondary_o primary_o as_o he_o that_o command_v the_o do_v of_o it_o he_o that_o be_v require_v give_v his_o consent_n unto_o it_o he_o that_o assist_v in_o
obligation_n that_o arise_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n ii_o among_o who_o this_o right_n take_v place_n iii_o whether_o a_o embassage_n be_v always_o to_o be_v admit_v iv_o against_o such_o ambassador_n as_o endeavour_v to_o raise_v sedition_n our_o defence_n be_v lawful_a but_o not_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n v._o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o the_o right_n of_o a_o embassage_n to_o who_o the_o ambassador_n be_v not_o send_v vi_o a_o enemy_n be_v bind_v if_o the_o ambassador_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o vii_o ambassador_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n viii_o the_o right_n due_a to_o ambassador_n be_v due_a also_o to_o their_o companion_n and_o follower_n if_o the_o ambassador_n please_v ix_o and_o to_o their_o movable_a good_n x._o example_n of_o obligation_n where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n to_o enforce_v xi_o how_o far_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n this_o right_n of_o embassage_n be_v in_o esteem_n i._o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n arise_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n we_o have_v hitherto_o discourse_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v due_a unto_o we_o intersert_v some_o few_o thing_n which_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n have_v supperad_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o come_v to_o such_o obligation_n as_o the_o very_a voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n have_v of_o itself_o introduce_v whereof_o the_o chief_a head_n be_v of_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n we_o have_v in_o all_o history_n mention_v make_v of_o the_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a right_n of_o embassage_n of_o the_o sanctimony_n of_o ambassador_n the_o right_n of_o nation_n peculiar_o due_a unto_o they_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n sacred_a among_o all_o nation_n sanctum_fw-la populis_fw-la per_fw-la saecula_fw-la nomen_fw-la age_n and_o nation_n do_v this_o name_n revere_a say_v papinius_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v strike_v a_o ambassador_n though_o send_v from_o a_o enemy_n he_o be_v say_v to_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n because_o ambassador_n be_v account_v sacred_a say_v pomponius_n and_o therefore_o if_o whilst_o a_o ambassador_n from_o any_o nation_n legationibus_fw-la i._o si_fw-la quis_fw-la d._n de_fw-fr legationibus_fw-la be_v resident_a with_o we_o war_n be_v denounce_v against_o they_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o if_o he_o please_v he_o may_v remain_v with_o we_o quintus_fw-la mucius_n will_v have_v he_o that_o presume_v to_o strike_v a_o ambassador_n to_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o that_o enemy_n who_o ambassador_n he_o be_v 15._o ant._n lib._n 15._o josephus_n also_o high_o extol_v the_o sacred_a privilege_n of_o ambassador_n who_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o same_o name_n and_o title_n as_o be_v the_o angel_n who_o be_v god_n ambassador_n corpora_fw-la legatorum_fw-la sancta_fw-la the_o person_n of_o legate_n say_v varro_n be_v holy_a 3._o varro_n 3._o so_o likewise_o cicero_n the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n be_v guard_v by_o all_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a who_o very_a name_n be_v so_o venerable_a that_o it_o secure_v their_o person_n not_o only_o among_o the_o law_n of_o their_o friend_n but_o among_o the_o very_a weapon_n of_o their_o enemy_n wherefore_o to_o violate_v this_o right_n be_v not_o unjust_a only_o but_o impious_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o plutarch_n call_v it_o 15._o vit._n aemil._n ant._n lib._n 15._o wherewith_o accord_v that_o also_o of_o josephus_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o ambassador_n be_v so_o sacred_a that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o reconcile_v one_o enemy_n to_o another_o for_o what_o can_v argue_v more_o impiety_n than_o to_o kill_v ambassador_n intercede_v for_o peace_n and_o to_o speak_v general_o say_v totilas_n 3._o procop._n goth._n 3._o ambassador_n be_v reverence_v among_o all_o nation_n though_o barbarous_a and_o good_a reason_n for_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o war_n they_o be_v the_o sole_a mediator_n for_o peace_n and_o he_o that_o assume_v the_o office_n of_o a_o ambassador_n do_v for_o that_o time_n put_v off_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o enemy_n ii_o among_o who_o this_o right_n take_v place_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n know_v that_o this_o right_n of_o nation_n whatever_o it_o be_v belong_v to_o such_o legate_n only_o who_o be_v send_v by_o such_o as_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n in_o both_o nation_n between_o themselves_o for_o such_o as_o be_v send_v from_o province_n particular_a city_n or_o other_o subordinate_a power_n be_v govern_v not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v between_o diverse_a people_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o ambassador_n in_o livy_n call_v himself_o the_o public_a messenger_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o roman_a senate_n declare_v that_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n be_v grant_v not_o to_o a_o citizen_n but_o to_o a_o foreigner_n and_o cicero_n to_o prove_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o send_v ambassador_n to_o m._n anthony_n say_v non_fw-la enim_fw-la cum_fw-la hannibale_n res_fw-la est_fw-la host_n reipublicae_fw-la sed_fw-la cum_fw-la cive_z for_o we_o have_v not_o now_o to_o do_v with_o hannibal_n a_o public_a enemy_n but_o with_o a_o citizen_n and_o a_o subject_a now_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o foreigner_n virgil_n will_v inform_v we_o as_o well_o as_o any_o lawyer_n can_v do_v a_o foreign_a land_n be_v that_o as_o i_o suppose_v which_o be_v free_a to_o we_o no_o duty_n owe_v but_o they_o that_o be_v confederate_n though_o upon_o term_n very_o unequal_a yet_o because_o they_o be_v svi_fw-la juris_fw-la a_o free_a people_n have_v likewise_o this_o right_n of_o send_v embassage_n yea_o and_o they_o also_o that_o be_v partly_o subject_n and_o partly_o free_a for_o that_o part_n wherein_o they_o be_v free_a but_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v conquer_v in_o a_o solemn_a war_n and_o drive_v out_o of_o their_o kingdom_n do_v lose_v together_o with_o their_o other_o good_n this_o right_n of_o send_v ambassador_n and_o therefore_o do_v paulus_n aemilius_n have_v conquer_v perseus_n in_o open_a war_n detain_v the_o herald_n which_o he_o send_v unto_o he_o but_o yet_o in_o civil_a war_n necessity_n do_v sometime_o plead_v for_o the_o admittance_n of_o this_o right_n though_o irregular_a as_o namely_o when_o the_o people_n be_v so_o equal_o divide_v into_o part_n that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o judge_v in_o whether_o part_n consist_v the_o right_a of_o empire_n or_o when_o two_o person_n with_o very_a equal_a title_n contend_v for_o the_o succession_n for_o in_o this_o case_n one_o nation_n for_o that_o time_n may_v be_v account_v as_o two_o 3._o hist_o l._n 3._o thus_o be_v the_o flaviani_n accuse_v by_o tacitus_n that_o in_o their_o civil_a discord_n they_o have_v violate_v the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n sacred_a even_o among_o barbarous_a nation_n in_o the_o vitellian_o and_o magnensius_fw-la in_o zosimus_n do_v long_o debate_v it_o in_o his_o mind_n 11._o zof_n l._n 11._o whether_o he_o shall_v dismiss_v philip_n who_o be_v send_v he_o on_o a_o embassy_n from_o constantine_n without_o answer_n or_o despise_v the_o privilege_n of_o ambassador_n detain_v he_o pirate_n and_o thief_n be_v enemy_n to_o civil_a society_n can_v have_v no_o benefit_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n spartactus_fw-la in_o appian_n offer_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o crassus_n but_o be_v reject_v with_o scorn_n and_o tiberius_n when_o tacfarinus_n send_v ambassador_n to_o he_o be_v high_o vex_v to_o see_v a_o traitor_n and_o a_o thief_n to_o treat_v with_o he_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o tacitus_n yet_o sometime_o these_o also_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n upon_o their_o faith_n give_v as_o of_o old_a those_o fugitive_n civili_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la in_o the_o pyrenean_n wood_n be_v who_o caesar_n mention_n yet_o be_v this_o a_o particular_a indulgence_n give_v at_o that_o time_n by_o he_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o natition_n be_v not_o due_a nor_o aught_o to_o be_v give_v to_o subject_n iii_o whether_o a_o embassage_n be_v always_o to_o be_v admit_v there_o be_v a_o twofold_a right_o due_a to_o ambassador_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n first_o that_o they_o be_v admit_v second_o that_o they_o be_v not_o injure_v as_o concern_v the_o former_a livy_n bring_v in_o hanno_n inveigh_v against_o hannibal_n in_o the_o senate_n of_o carthage_n thus_o our_o goodly_a general_n refuse_v to_o admit_v into_o his_o camp_n ambassador_n come_v from_o friend_n and_o for_o friend_n jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la sustulit_fw-la he_o have_v break_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o notwithstanding_o must_v not_o be_v understand_v so_o large_o as_o if_o none_o shall_v be_v deny_v for_o a_o prince_n may_v deny_v a_o
itself_o and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o earth_n and_o grave_n be_v to_o all_o man_n common_a and_o alike_o due_a eusebius_n also_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o euripides_n the_o law_n of_o mortal_n aristides_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o law_n common_a to_o all_o man_n papinius_n the_o law_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o general_a league_n of_o the_o world_n tacitus_n the_o great_a commerce_n of_o humane_a condition_n and_o lysias_n the_o orator_n the_o common_a hope_n of_o all_o he_o that_o hinder_v the_o burn_a of_o the_o body_n of_o dead_a man_n be_v say_v in_o claudian_n to_o divest_v himself_o of_o all_o humanity_n and_o by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n to_o reproach_n nature_n herself_o and_o by_o isidore_n to_o profane_v that_o which_o be_v holy_a and_o because_o the_o ancient_n observe_v that_o what_o right_n soever_o be_v common_a to_o all_o civilise_v nation_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v repute_v the_o more_o sacred_a be_v attribute_v to_o the_o god_n as_o their_o author_n as_o they_o do_v the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n so_o we_o find_v that_o they_o every_o where_n ascribe_v unto_o they_o this_o right_n also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o tragedy_n of_o euripides_n and_o in_o one_o also_o of_o sophocles_n you_o may_v find_v it_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ajace_n supplic_n ajace_n a_o divine_a law_n and_o in_o another_o antigone_n antigone_n you_o may_v find_v it_o reckon_v among_o the_o law_n of_o the_o go_n and_o isocrates_n discourse_v of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n which_o theseus_n make_v against_o creon_n bring_v in_o adrastus_n have_v lose_v his_o army_n before_o thebes_n and_o by_o creon_n deny_v leave_v to_o bury_v the_o dead_a supplicate_v theseus_n then_o king_n of_o athens_n that_o he_o will_v commiserate_v those_o brave_a man_n that_o lay_v unbury_v before_o thebes_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o be_v despise_v nor_o that_o common_a right_o violate_v which_o all_o mankind_n may_v lay_v claim_n to_o as_o be_v institute_v not_o by_o a_o humane_a but_o by_o a_o divine_a power_n which_o when_o theseus_n hear_v he_o immediate_o send_v his_o ambassador_n to_o thebes_n the_o same_o author_n exceed_o blame_v the_o theban_n for_o prefer_v their_o own_o decree_n before_o the_o law_n of_o the_o go_n and_o not_o only_a isocrates_n in_o this_o place_n but_o herodotus_n in_o his_o calliope_n diodorus_n siculus_n in_o the_o four_o of_o his_o history_n xenophon_n in_o the_o six_o of_o his_o grecian_a history_n and_o many_o other_o historian_n do_v unanimous_o assert_v that_o this_o war_n of_o theseus_n be_v undertake_v for_o the_o common_a cause_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o every_o where_o in_o all_o author_n of_o the_o best_a account_n we_o read_v this_o office_n of_o bury_v the_o dead_a commend_v unto_o we_o under_o the_o most_o specious_a name_n of_o the_o best_a virtue_n 1._o orat._n pro_fw-la quintio_fw-la lib._n 6._o c._n 11_o 22._o lib._n 5._o c._n 1._o cicero_n and_o lactantius_n commend_v it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n valerius_n maximus_n as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o courtesy_n quintilian_n as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o religion_n seneca_n as_o a_o act_n of_o compassion_n and_o humanity_n philo_n attribute_n it_o to_o pity_n and_o commiseration_n of_o common_a nature_n tacitus_n call_v it_o the_o commerce_n of_o humane_a condition_n and_o ulpian_n ascribe_v it_o to_o mercy_n and_o piety_n euripides_n and_o lactantius_n term_v it_o a_o act_n of_o justice_n and_o of_o piety_n 12._o lib._n 6._o c._n 12._o ultimum_fw-la illud_fw-la &_o maximum_fw-la pietatis_fw-la officium_fw-la est_fw-la peregrinorum_fw-la &_o pauperum_fw-la sepultura_fw-la to_o bury_v the_o stranger_n and_o the_o poor_a be_v the_o last_o and_o great_a duty_n of_o piety_n say_v lactantius_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o deny_v burial_n to_o the_o dead_a as_o the_o donatist_n do_v the_o body_n of_o the_o catholic_n optatus_n milevitanus_fw-la condemn_v as_o impiety_n and_o in_o papinus_n we_o read_v bello_fw-la cogendus_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la in_o mores_fw-la hominemque_fw-la creon_n by_o war_n and_o arm_n must_v creon_n be_v enforce_v to_o custom_n and_o humanity_n spartianus_n brand_v such_o man_n with_o infamy_n callae_n vita_fw-la cara_fw-it callae_n as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o respect_n or_o reverence_n at_o all_o to_o humanity_n and_o livy_n call_v it_o a_o brutish_a cruelty_n beyond_o the_o belief_n of_o humane_a anger_n homer_n bring_v in_o jupiter_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n as_o be_v offend_v at_o achilles_n for_o abuse_v the_o body_n of_o hector_n and_o lactantius_n condemn_v their_o wisdom_n as_o savour_v too_o much_o of_o impiety_n who_o esteem_v all_o care_n in_o bury_v the_o dead_a superfluous_a ii_o whence_o this_o custom_n arise_v upon_o what_o ground_n this_o custom_n of_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v at_o first_o introduce_v whether_o embalm_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o egyptian_n or_o burn_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n or_o inter_v as_o we_o now_o use_v which_o cicero_n approve_v as_o the_o most_o ancient_a 54._o nat._n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 54._o and_o after_o he_o pliny_n who_o make_v this_o difference_n between_o sepultus_fw-la and_o humatus_fw-la as_o if_o he_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v sepultus_fw-la who_o body_n be_v by_o any_o mean_v keep_v and_o preserve_v but_o he_o only_o to_o be_v humatus_fw-la that_o be_v cover_v with_o earth_n it_o be_v not_o agree_v upon_o on_o all_o side_n moschion_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o savage_a cruelty_n of_o the_o giant_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o devour_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o man_n cujus_fw-la abolitae_fw-la signum_fw-la est_fw-la sepultura_fw-la the_o abolish_n of_o which_o brutish_a custom_n be_v signify_v by_o sepulture_n other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o this_o mean_n man_n seem_v voluntary_o to_o pay_v that_o debt_n which_o nature_n will_v exact_v from_o we_o though_o we_o be_v otherwise_o unwilling_a for_o that_o all_o humane_a body_n be_v extract_v from_o the_o earth_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o say_v by_o god_n only_o unto_o adam_n but_o all_o both_o greek_n and_o latin_n do_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v cicero_n quote_v this_o out_o of_o euripides_n that_o reddenda_fw-la terrae_fw-la terra_fw-la earth_n must_v to_o earth_n return_v which_o also_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o solomon_n eccles_n 12.7_o 12.7_o eccles_n 12.7_o then_o shall_v the_o dust_n return_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v and_o the_o spirit_n shall_v return_v unto_o god_n that_o give_v it_o now_o on_o this_o subject_n what_o say_v solomon_n more_o than_o euripides_n who_o in_o the_o person_n of_o theseus_n say_v thus_o jam_fw-la sinite_fw-la terrae_fw-la mortuos_fw-la gremio_fw-la tegi_fw-la res_fw-la unde_fw-la quaeque_fw-la sumpserat_fw-la primordium_fw-la eo_fw-la recipitur_fw-la spiritus_fw-la coelo_fw-la redit_fw-la corpusque_fw-la terrae_fw-la jure_fw-la nec_fw-la enim_fw-la mancupî_fw-la sed_fw-la brevis_fw-la ad_fw-la aevi_fw-la tempus_fw-la utendum_fw-la datur_fw-la mox_fw-la terra_fw-la repetit_fw-la ipsa_fw-la quod_fw-la nutriverat_fw-la now_o let_v the_o dead_a be_v unto_o earth_n bequeath_v and_o each_o return_n from_o whence_o it_o once_o receive_v its_o be_v then_o will_v the_o spirit_n soon_o retire_v to_o heaven_n the_o flesh_n to_o dust_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v not_o give_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n lend_v that_o past_a and_o go_v the_o earth_n what_o it_o so_o lend_v soon_o seize_v on_o lucretius_n speak_v of_o the_o earth_n say_v she_o be_v of_o all_o the_o womb_n and_o common_a tomb._n pliny_n likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n receive_v we_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o be_v bear_v and_o be_v bear_v she_o nourish_v we_o and_o be_v bring_v up_o she_o always_o sustain_v we_o and_o at_o last_o be_v forsake_v by_o all_o the_o world_n she_o like_v a_o tender_a mother_n receive_v we_o into_o her_o own_o bowel_n again_o and_o there_o hide_v we_o flaccum_n see_v job_n 10.9_o in_o flaccum_n nature_n say_v philo_n have_v ordain_v the_o earth_n as_o man_n proper_a place_n not_o only_o while_o they_o live_v but_o be_v dead_a also_o ut_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la primos_fw-la suscepit_fw-la natales_fw-la suscipiat_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la hac_fw-la vita_fw-la exitum_fw-la that_o she_o that_o receive_v we_o from_o the_o womb_n may_v when_o dead_a afford_v we_o a_o tomb._n and_o yet_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v laudable_o do_v in_o man_n but_o what_o god_n have_v imprint_v some_o footstep_n thereof_o in_o some_o beast_n so_o also_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o this_o very_a thing_n 30._o lib._n 11._o 30._o pliny_n report_v of_o the_o pismire_n that_o they_o only_o of_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n beside_o man_n do_v bury_v one_o another_o and_o yet_o he_o himself_o speak_v of_o the_o dolphin_n say_v 8._o lib._n 9_o c._n 8._o that_o
qualemcunque_fw-la mortuum_n terra_fw-la condi_fw-la fas_fw-la sit_fw-la because_o it_o be_v always_o think_v a_o act_n of_o piety_n to_o inter_v all_o dead_a body_n whosesoever_o they_o be_v wherefore_o according_a to_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n the_o high_a priest_n though_o otherwise_o forbid_v to_o be_v present_a at_o any_o funeral_n yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o a_o man_n be_v find_v dead_a and_o unburied_a he_o be_v even_o himself_o command_v to_o bury_v he_o the_o very_a same_o be_v enjoin_v by_o the_o pontificial_a law_n among_o the_o roman_n as_o servius_n note_v christian_n have_v so_o high_a a_o esteem_n of_o this_o duty_n that_o for_o this_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o redemption_n of_o captive_n they_o have_v think_v it_o lawful_a to_o melt_v down_o their_o consecrate_a plate_n and_o to_o sell_v it_o there_o be_v also_o example_n that_o may_v be_v bring_v for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n but_o such_o as_o be_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o most_o and_o best_a man_n condemn_v hunc_fw-la oro_fw-la defend_v furorem_fw-la say_v virgil_n which_o servius_n thus_o expound_v o_o keep_v i_o from_o this_o rage_n i_o pray_v i._n e._n from_o that_o malice_n which_o rage_v even_o after_o death_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o claudian_n hominemque_fw-la cruentus_fw-la exuit_fw-la &_o teneum_fw-la caesis_fw-la invidit_fw-la arenam_fw-la bloody_z be_v they_o want_v humanity_n who_o to_o the_o slay_v a_o little_a dust_n deny_v wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o diodorus_n siculus_n ferinum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la mortuis_fw-la qui_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la sunt_fw-la naturae_fw-la geritur_fw-la to_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dead_a who_o be_v late_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o ourselves_o be_v brutish_a cruelty_n iv_o whether_o to_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a but_o yet_o as_o concern_v such_o notorious_a malefactor_n as_o have_v deserve_v death_n and_o according_a unto_o law_n have_v suffer_v there_o be_v some_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o divine_a law_n give_v to_o the_o hebrew_n which_o as_o it_o be_v our_o guide_n and_o directrix_fw-la to_o all_o other_o virtue_n so_o be_v it_o to_o this_o of_o humanity_n also_o do_v command_v that_o such_o as_o be_v hang_v on_o the_o gallow_n which_o be_v a_o death_n very_o ignominious_a among_o they_o as_o appear_v numb_a 25.4_o and_o deut._n 21.23_o shall_v be_v bury_v the_o same_o day_n whence_o josephus_n affirm_v 21.26_o 2_o sam._n 21.26_o that_o so_o great_a be_v the_o care_n that_o the_o jew_n take_v of_o burial_n that_o they_o take_v down_o the_o body_n even_o of_o those_o that_o be_v public_o execute_v before_o the_o sun_n go_v down_o and_o bequeath_v they_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o other_o of_o the_o jewish_a interpreter_n add_v this_o they_o do_v in_o reverence_n only_o to_o the_o image_n of_o god_n whereunto_o man_n be_v create_v homer_n record_v that_o aegysthus_n who_o to_o the_o sin_n of_o adultery_n have_v accumulate_v another_o sin_n 3._o odyss_n 3._o even_o that_o of_o the_o king_n murder_n be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v be_v notwithstanding_o by_o orestes_n the_o slay_a king_n son_n bury_v yea_o and_o among_o the_o roman_n ulpian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o body_n of_o such_o as_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o malefactor_n can_v not_o be_v deny_v their_o kinsman_n if_o they_o require_v they_o yea_o they_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o body_n else_o that_o will_v ask_v they_o as_o paulus_n understand_v it_o neither_o do_v those_o cruel_a emperor_n dioclesian_n and_o maximilian_n forbid_v burial_n to_o any_o though_o guilty_a of_o the_o great_a crime_n and_o according_o punish_a hos_fw-la sepulturae_fw-la tradi_fw-la non_fw-la vetamus_fw-la be_v the_o answer_n of_o both_o of_o they_o we_o do_v not_o forbid_v these_o to_o be_v bury_v the_o like_a custom_n there_o be_v among_o the_o roman_n as_o philo_z testify_v against_o flaccus_n yet_o example_n we_o have_v also_o of_o some_o who_o have_v be_v cast_v out_o unbury_v but_o this_o be_v more_o frequent_o do_v in_o civil_a than_o in_o foreign_a war_n and_o though_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o we_o to_o hang_v notoriours_n offender_n in_o chain_n to_o deter_v other_o yet_o whether_o this_o be_v commendable_a or_o not_o commendable_a the_o hang_a man_n in_o chain_n whether_o commendable_a be_v much_o dispute_v not_o only_o by_o politician_n but_o divine_n on_o the_o contrary_a we_o find_v they_o high_o commend_v who_o have_v themselves_o cause_v those_o body_n to_o be_v bury_v which_o they_o will_v not_o permit_v other_o to_o bury_v as_o pausanias_n king_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o be_v provoke_v by_o the_o aegeneti_n to_o retaliate_v what_o the_o persian_n have_v before_o do_v against_o leonides_n reject_v their_o counsel_n as_o unworthy_a of_o he_o or_o indeed_o the_o name_n of_o a_o grecian_a papinius_n bring_v in_o theseus_n bespeak_v creon_n thus_o vade_fw-la atra_fw-la daturus_fw-la supplicia_fw-la extremique_fw-la tamen_fw-la secure_a sepulchri_fw-la torment_n extreme_a go_v and_o endure_v yet_o of_o a_o sepulchre_n be_v thou_o secure_a josephus_n record_v it_o of_o the_o pharisee_n 24._o ant._n l._n 13._o c._n 24._o that_o they_o give_v a_o most_o sumptuous_a funeral_n to_o their_o king_n alexander_n jannaeus_n notwithstanding_o his_o barbarous_a cruelty_n exercise_v over_o the_o body_n of_o his_o dead_a countryman_n and_o though_o god_n have_v sometime_o punish_v some_o person_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o burial_n as_o he_o do_v jehoiakim_n and_o jezebel_n 22.19_o jer._n 22.19_o yet_o this_o he_o do_v by_o his_o own_o most_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v not_o bind_v up_o by_o any_o law_n but_o that_o only_a of_o his_o own_o will._n and_o whereas_o david_n keep_v the_o head_n of_o goliath_n 21.23_o 1_o king_n 21.23_o to_o show_v as_o a_o monument_n of_o his_o victory_n it_o be_v do_v upon_o a_o stranger_n a_o contemner_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o under_o that_o law_n where_o by_o the_o word_n neighbour_n none_o be_v include_v but_o the_o hebrew_n only_o v._o whether_o to_o those_o that_o kill_v themselves_o there_o remain_v yet_o one_o thing_n worthy_a our_o observation_n concern_v the_o burial_n of_o the_o dead_a namely_o that_o the_o jew_n as_o zealous_a as_o they_o be_v for_o this_o duty_n yet_o will_v not_o vouchsafe_v this_o honour_n to_o those_o who_o kill_v themselves_o and_o no_o marvel_n as_o josephus_n well_o observe_v 25._o observe_v ant._n lih_o 3._o c._n 25._o since_o no_o other_o punishment_n can_v possible_o be_v inflict_v upon_o those_o who_o esteem_v death_n itself_o to_o be_v none_o the_o milesian_n virgin_n as_o plutarch_n report_v be_v all_o at_o once_o surprise_v with_o a_o violent_a fit_n of_o melancholy_a and_o in_o a_o humour_n will_v needs_o die_v virt_n die_v a._n gell._n l._n 15._o c._n 10._o plut._n de_fw-fr mul._n virt_n no_o man_n know_v the_o cause_n why_o many_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o all_o persuasion_n and_o care_v take_v of_o they_o do_v strangle_v themselves_o and_o other_o daily_o attempt_v to_o do_v the_o like_a be_v prevent_v at_o length_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o a_o grave_a senator_n virgin_n the_o milesian_n virgin_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o that_o be_v find_v so_o hang_v shall_v be_v strip_v naked_a and_o with_o the_o same_o cord_n be_v first_o drag_v through_o the_o street_n hang_v in_o the_o market_n place_n and_o expose_v to_o public_a view_n the_o fear_n of_o shame_n be_v strong_a than_o the_o fear_n of_o death_n after_o this_o law_n make_v none_o be_v ever_o find_v so_o regardless_o of_o her_o honour_n as_o to_o attempt_v such_o a_o act._n servius_n upon_o the_o twelve_o of_o virgil_n aenead_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n ut_fw-la qui_fw-la laqueo_fw-la vitam_fw-la finisset_fw-la insepultus_fw-la abjiceretur_fw-la that_o whosoever_o hang_v himself_o shall_v be_v cast_v out_o unbury_v and_o very_o frequent_v it_o be_v among_o most_o nation_n 55._o nic._n 55._o to_o inflict_v some_o brand_n of_o infamy_n upon_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o as_o aristotle_n note_v which_o place_n andronicus_n rhodius_n expound_v say_v that_o they_o be_v prohibit_v burial_n which_o law_n dion_n chrysostome_n high_o commend_v among_o many_o other_o enact_v by_o demonassa_n queen_n of_o cyprus_n clesephontem_n aesch_n in_o clesephontem_n at_o athens_n in_o the_o time_n of_o aeschines_n he_o that_o kill_v himself_o have_v his_o hand_n bury_v apart_o from_o his_o body_n neither_o be_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o object_v with_o homer_n aeschyluâ—_n and_o other_o that_o the_o dead_a feel_v nothing_o either_o of_o pain_n or_o shame_n for_o no_o malefactor_n be_v put_v to_o death_n simple_o because_o he_o have_v sin_v but_o in_o regard_n that_o his_o death_n strike_v a_o terror_n into_o other_o quod_fw-la mortuis_fw-la accidit_fw-la à _fw-la vivis_fw-la metuitur_fw-la what_o happen_v to_o the_o
be_v about_o word_n only_o which_o a_o philosopher_n shall_v principal_o avoid_v for_o as_o he_o that_o write_v to_o herennius_n true_o note_n vitiosum_fw-la est_fw-la controversiam_fw-la intendere_fw-la propter_fw-la nominum_fw-la mutationem_fw-la 2._o lib._n 2._o to_o heighten_v controversy_n about_o the_o change_n of_o name_n be_v vicious_a and_o as_o st_n augustine_n argue_v against_o the_o academic_n turpe_fw-la est_fw-la disputationibus_fw-la in_o verborum_fw-la quaestione_fw-la immorari_fw-la cùm_fw-la certamen_fw-la nullum_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la remanserit_fw-la it_o be_v absurd_a to_o contest_v about_o word_n only_o when_o there_o remain_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o about_o thing_n xxiv_o yea_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n but_o the_o pardon_v of_o offence_n after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a seem_v to_o be_v more_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o integrity_n of_o a_o prince_n because_o he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n bind_v up_o by_o his_o own_o law_n which_o be_v true_a as_o the_o lawmaker_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o city_n and_o as_o so_o only_o consider_v but_o not_o as_o he_o sustain_v the_o authority_n 12._o vid._n sup_v c._n 4._o sect._n 12._o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o as_o such_o he_o may_v take_v away_o even_o the_o whole_a law_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o humane_a law_n be_v such_o that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o institution_n only_o but_o of_o its_o continuation_n they_o humane_a law_n alterable_a by_o he_o that_o make_v they_o but_o in_o case_n he_o do_v subvert_v or_o take_v away_o any_o law_n without_o some_o probable_a reason_n or_o cause_n he_o sin_n against_o the_o rule_n of_o polity_n but_o as_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o whole_a law_n so_o also_o may_v he_o take_v away_o the_o condemn_a power_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a fact_n the_o same_o law_n remain_v in_o force_n as_o to_o other_o by_o the_o example_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o as_o lactantius_n observe_v when_o he_o institute_v law_n for_o man_n do_v not_o intend_v to_o deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n of_o pardon_v such_o as_o shall_v offend_v against_o those_o law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o revoke_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n and_o to_o absolve_v a_o person_n though_o condemn_v to_o die_v say_v st_n augustine_n whereof_o he_o add_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n quia_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la subjectus_fw-la legibus_fw-la qui_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la leges_fw-la far_o because_o he_o be_v not_o subject_a unto_o law_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o magistrate_n be_v one_o and_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v another_o the_o magistrate_n be_v corrupt_a if_o his_o sentence_n be_v more_o remiss_a than_o the_o law_n but_o to_o mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o a_o severe_a law_n be_v sometime_o the_o glory_n of_o a_o prince_n seneca_n speak_v in_o the_o person_n of_o nero_n say_v occidere_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la 63._o symmachus_n lib._n 3._o ep._n 63._o seruare_fw-la nemo_fw-la praeter_fw-la i_o kill_v contrary_a to_o law_n no_o man_n can_v and_o save_v none_o can_v beside_o myself_o but_o this_o also_o must_v be_v understand_v so_o that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o probable_a cause_n but_o what_o these_o probable_a cause_n be_v though_o it_o can_v be_v particular_o define_v yet_o must_v we_o grant_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a after_o the_o law_n be_v past_a than_o those_o that_o be_v look_v at_o before_o because_o unto_o the_o other_o cause_n for_o which_o punishment_n be_v require_v there_o be_v superad_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v fit_a shall_v be_v maintain_v xxv_o cause_n free_v from_o punishment_n intrinsic_a 1._o intrinsic_a but_o the_o cause_n exempt_n any_o man_n from_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n be_v usual_o either_o intrinsical_v or_o extrinsical_a intrinsical_a as_o when_o the_o punishment_n compare_v with_o the_o fact_n be_v severe_a if_o not_o unjust_a xxvi_o or_o extrinsical_a extrinsical_a when_o a_o man_n former_a merit_n or_o some_o other_o thing_n commend_v the_o person_n offend_v plead_v strong_o for_o his_o pardon_n or_o when_o we_o discern_v some_o extraordinary_a hope_n of_o future_a good_a in_o the_o delinquent_n but_o especial_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v at_o least_o particular_o cease_v in_o that_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v inflict_v for_o although_o the_o general_a reason_n of_o a_o law_n where_o it_o be_v not_o counterballance_v with_o a_o contrary_a reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o uphold_v the_o vigour_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o the_o fail_v even_o of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o particular_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v so_o far_o operate_v that_o the_o law_n may_v more_o easy_o and_o with_o less_o detriment_n to_o authority_n be_v dispense_v with_o as_o gratian_n prove_v by_o many_o instance_n 7._o c._n 1._o q._n 7._o and_o this_o usual_o fall_v out_o in_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v commit_v through_o ignorance_n though_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a or_o through_o infirmity_n of_o mind_n which_o haply_o may_v though_o not_o without_o much_o difficulty_n be_v overcome_v whereunto_o a_o christian_a prince_n ought_v to_o have_v some_o regard_n in_o imitation_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o in_o the_o jewish_a law_n do_v merciful_o provide_v that_o most_o sin_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v by_o some_o kind_n of_o sacrifice_n be_v expiate_v as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o the_o four_o and_o five_o chapter_n of_o leviticus_n and_o as_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n we_o may_v find_v confirm_v both_o by_o word_n and_o example_n wherein_o he_o declare_v how_o willing_a he_o be_v to_o pardon_v such_o sin_n to_o those_o that_o repent_v as_o luke_n 23.34_o heb._n 4.15_o 1_o tim._n 1.13_o and_o by_o those_o very_a word_n of_o christ_n father_n forgive_v they_o for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v by_o which_o word_n theodosius_n the_o emperor_n be_v so_o wrought_v upon_o that_o he_o free_o forgive_v the_o antiochian_o who_o he_o have_v purpose_v to_o destroy_v as_o st_n chrysostome_n record_v xxvii_o yea_o though_o no_o such_o exemption_n be_v tacit_o include_v in_o the_o law_n hence_o than_o we_o may_v discern_v the_o error_n of_o ferdinandus_n vasquius_fw-la who_o teach_v that_o the_o law_n be_v in_o no_o case_n to_o be_v dispense_v with_o but_o only_o to_o such_o wherein_o the_o lawmaker_n have_v he_o be_v consult_v with_o will_v have_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v not_o his_o intent_n that_o in_o that_o case_n his_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v for_o vasquius_fw-la there_o do_v not_o well_o distinguish_v between_o the_o equitable_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o relaxation_n of_o it_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o reprove_v thomas_n and_o scotus_n for_o say_v that_o the_o law_n be_v bind_v though_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n do_v particular_o cease_v as_o if_o they_o take_v the_o law_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o bare_a letter_n which_o they_o never_o think_v but_o every_o relaxation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o may_v be_v and_o often_o be_v either_o grant_v or_o omit_v free_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v refer_v to_o equity_n proper_o so_o call_v that_o even_o that_o relaxation_n which_o be_v due_a either_o out_o of_o charity_n or_o polity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v thither_o for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o take_v away_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o some_o probable_a cause_n or_o upon_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o declare_v that_o that_o fact_n be_v not_o at_o the_o law-making_a so_o much_o as_o think_v upon_o by_o the_o maker_n of_o it_o but_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v the_o take_n away_o the_o punishment_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v their_o infliction_n xxviii_o all_o punishment_n be_v award_v according_a to_o man_n merit_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o appear_v that_o in_o punishment_n two_o thing_n be_v considerable_a first_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n second_o the_o profit_n that_o redound_v by_o the_o punishment_n as_o to_o the_o former_a nemo_fw-la puniendus_fw-la est_fw-la ultra_fw-la meritum_fw-la no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v beyond_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o offence_n for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o there_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o equality_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n according_a to_o that_o of_o horace_n 15._o epist_n 15._o adsit_fw-la regula_n peccatis_fw-la quae_fw-la poenas_fw-la irroget_fw-la aequas_fw-la let_v sin_n have_v rule_n which_o equal_a pain_n require_v and_o not_o plague_v
for_o other_o to_o follow_v xl._n war_n for_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n this_o also_o we_o must_v know_v that_o king_n and_o such_o as_o have_v equal_a right_n with_o they_o have_v also_o a_o right_a to_o exact_v punishment_n for_o offence_n do_v not_o against_o themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n only_o but_o for_o such_o injury_n as_o do_v not_o particular_o touch_v themselves_o but_o against_o any_o person_n by_o who_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n have_v be_v great_o violate_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o humane_a society_n by_o punishment_n which_o at_o first_o as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v in_o every_o particular_a person_n city_n and_o judicatories_n be_v now_o institute_v reside_v in_o such_o as_o have_v the_o supreme_a authority_n not_o so_o proper_o because_o they_o command_v all_o as_o indeed_o because_o they_o be_v command_v by_o none_o for_o that_o which_o take_v away_o this_o right_n from_o private_a man_n be_v their_o subjection_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n without_o who_o warrant_n they_o can_v attempt_v nothing_o of_o revenge_n yea_o and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o honourable_a it_o be_v to_o revenge_v other_o man_n wrong_n than_o our_o own_o by_o how_o much_o it_o may_v just_o be_v fear_v lest_o out_o of_o too_o great_a a_o sense_n of_o our_o own_o suffering_n we_o either_o exceed_v the_o just_a measure_n of_o punish_v or_o prosecute_v our_o revenge_n with_o too_o much_o malice_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o hercules_n be_v so_o famous_a for_o subdue_a those_o tyrant_n antaeus_n busyris_n diomedes_n etc._n etc._n and_o cleanse_v both_o sea_n and_o land_n from_o all_o such_o noxious_a creature_n which_o he_o do_v not_o out_o of_o ambition_n or_o desire_n of_o gain_n but_o to_o vindicate_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o oppress_a and_o to_o plague_v the_o unjust_a as_o philo_n testify_v of_o he_o legate_n de_fw-fr legate_n this_o character_n be_v likewise_o give_v of_o he_o by_o diodorus_n siculus_n many_o city_n he_o restore_v to_o a_o happy_a condition_n by_o take_v away_o insolent_a tyrant_n and_o such_o like_a oppressor_n for_o as_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v in_o another_o place_n orbem_fw-la obiit_fw-la poenam_fw-la de_fw-la iniquis_fw-la expetens_fw-la he_o travel_v through_o the_o world_n for_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o scourge_v tyrant_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v dion_n prusiensis_fw-la give_v of_o he_o say_v that_o he_o every_o where_o plague_v the_o wicked_a destroy_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o proud_a and_o transfer_v they_o unto_o other_o and_o for_o the_o general_a care_n that_o he_o have_v of_o all_o mankind_n aristides_n think_v he_o worthy_a to_o be_v translate_v among_o the_o go_n dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n record_v this_o and_o many_o more_o inhuman_a custom_n which_o hercules_n reform_v to_o the_o general_a benefit_n of_o mankind_n make_v therein_o no_o distinction_n between_o greek_n and_o barbarian_n 1._o lib._n 30._o c._n 1._o the_o like_a do_v pliny_n testify_v of_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v say_v he_o how_o much_o we_o owe_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o take_v away_o those_o monster_n among_o man_n who_o place_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o their_o religion_n to_o kill_v man_n and_o their_o wholesome_a food_n to_o eat_v they_o thus_o justinian_n command_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o abasgi_n to_o abstain_v from_o gelding_n their_o child_n 4._o goth._n 4._o as_o procopius_n relate_v and_o the_o king_n of_o incha_fw-mi in_o peruana_n compel_v all_o their_o neighbour_a nation_n that_o will_v not_o willing_o obey_v he_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o abstain_v from_o incest_n sodomy_n eat_v of_o man_n flesh_n and_o such_o like_a abomination_n whereby_o they_o obtain_v the_o just_a empire_n that_o we_o have_v ever_o read_v of_o their_o religion_n only_o except_v the_o like_a honour_n be_v give_v to_o theseus_n for_o destroy_v those_o great_a enemy_n of_o mankind_n sciron_n sinis_n and_o procrustes_n who_o in_o that_o age_n trouble_v all_o greece_n with_o their_o barbarous_a inhumanity_n 3._o lib._n 5._o c._n 3._o and_o be_v therefore_o by_o euripides_n call_v the_o scourge_n of_o wickedness_n my_o noble_a act_n through_o greece_n be_v so_o extol_v that_o i_o the_o scourge_n of_o wickedness_n be_o call_v for_o as_o valerius_n maximus_n report_v of_o he_o whatsoever_o monster_n of_o cruelty_n that_o age_n produce_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o body_n and_o the_o gallantry_n of_o his_o mind_n he_o subdue_v so_o that_o without_o doubt_n a_o war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v against_o parricide_n whereof_o the_o sogdians_z be_v in_o a_o high_a measure_n guilty_a for_o till_o they_o be_v reclaim_v by_o alexander_n they_o usual_o kill_v their_o own_o parent_n against_o cannibal_n or_o such_o as_o feed_v upon_o man_n flesh_n as_o the_o scythian_n do_v and_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n before_o the_o former_a be_v better_a instruct_v by_o alexander_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o hercules_n as_o plutarch_n in_o diodorus_n record_v against_o pirate_n and_o such_o as_o live_v by_o robbery_n at_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a for_o against_o these_o any_o prince_n have_v power_n to_o make_v war_n though_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o his_o government_n for_o of_o such_o barbarous_a people_n who_o be_v rather_o beast_n than_o man_n panathenaic_n in_o panathenaic_n it_o may_v true_o be_v verify_v what_o aristotle_n sometime_o say_v of_o the_o persian_n naturale_fw-la in_o eos_fw-la esse_fw-la bellum_fw-la that_o war_n against_o such_o be_v natural_a or_o as_o isocrates_n note_n the_o just_a war_n be_v that_o which_o be_v undertake_v against_o wild_a beast_n and_o the_o next_o be_v that_o which_o be_v undertake_v against_o such_o man_n as_o be_v brutish_a what_o say_v seneca_n though_o they_o do_v not_o infest_v my_o country_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v vexatious_a to_o their_o own_o 7._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 7._o though_o they_o be_v divide_v from_o i_o yet_o if_o they_o infest_v their_o own_o people_n they_o deserve_v for_o the_o pravity_n and_o corruption_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o manner_n to_o be_v destroy_v and_o so_o far_o we_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o innocentius_n and_o other_o who_o hold_v that_o war_n may_v lawful_o be_v make_v against_o such_o as_o do_v break_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o we_o can_v approve_v of_o that_o which_o vasquius_fw-la victoria_fw-la azorius_fw-la and_o molina_n have_v write_v namely_o that_o to_o justify_v a_o war_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o person_n that_o undertake_v it_o be_v injure_v either_o in_o himself_o or_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o he_o be_v the_o supreme_a or_o that_o he_o against_o who_o the_o war_n be_v make_v be_v under_o his_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n for_o whereas_o they_o make_v the_o right_a to_o punish_v to_o be_v but_o a_o effect_n proper_a to_o the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n we_o on_o the_o other_o side_n derive_v it_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v somewhat_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o book_n and_o sure_o if_o these_o man_n opinion_n from_o who_o we_o differ_v be_v admit_v one_o enemy_n shall_v not_o now_o have_v a_o right_a to_o punish_v another_o even_o after_o the_o war_n be_v undertake_v for_o any_o cause_n not_o punishable_a whereas_o most_o man_n do_v admit_v of_o this_o right_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n confirm_v it_o and_o that_o not_o only_a when_o the_o enemy_n be_v weaken_v and_o bring_v under_o but_o even_o whilst_o the_o war_n last_v not_o by_o any_o civil_a jurisdiction_n but_o by_o that_o natural_a right_n which_o be_v in_o force_n even_o before_o city_n be_v build_v and_o be_v yet_o in_o force_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n live_v disperse_v in_o private_a family_n and_o be_v not_o congregat_v into_o city_n xli_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o civil_a custom_n but_o here_o some_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o we_o do_v not_o mistake_v civil_a custom_n which_o in_o most_o nation_n be_v deserve_o receive_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n such_o almost_o be_v those_o wherein_o the_o persian_n differ_v from_o the_o grecian_n who_o common_a pretence_n for_o their_o make_a war_n upon_o the_o persian_n be_v to_o civilize_v they_o but_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v they_o do_v but_o cloak_v their_o ambition_n and_o covetousness_n under_o the_o title_n of_o reformation_n as_o if_o the_o disagreement_n between_o themselves_o and_o other_o in_o civil_a custom_n have_v be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n xlii_o and_o from_o the_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n not_o know_v to_o all_o man_n the_o second_o caution_n be_v this_o that_o among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o do_v not_o rash_o intersert_v such_o thing_n whereof_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v affirm_v that_o they_o
do_v not_o declare_v his_o knowledge_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v guilty_a so_o also_o st_n chrysostome_n not_o only_o the_o perjure_a person_n but_o they_o that_o know_v of_o it_o 14._o de_fw-fr statuis_fw-la 14._o conceal_v the_o perjury_n be_v guilty_a they_o that_o contribute_v their_o counsel_n and_o advice_n for_o so_o run_v the_o attic_a law_n he_o that_o give_v his_o counsel_n to_o a_o act_n that_o be_v wicked_a be_v involve_v in_o the_o same_o punishment_n with_o he_o that_o do_v it_o they_o that_o countenance_n encourage_v or_o commend_v a_o malefactor_n so_o st_n chrysostome_n pejor_fw-la peccante_fw-la qui_fw-la peccatum_fw-la laudat_fw-la he_o that_o praise_v and_o applaud_v a_o wicked_a act_n be_v more_o wicked_a than_o he_o that_o effect_n it_o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o lombard_n qui_fw-la facinorosum_fw-la astans_fw-la hortatur_fw-la pro_fw-la faciente_fw-la habetur_fw-la the_o by-stander_n that_o encourage_v a_o malefactor_n be_v equal_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o he_o they_o who_o have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o forbid_v and_o restrain_v offender_n do_v it_o not_o so_o think_v st._n chrysostome_n not_o they_o only_a that_o commit_v the_o theft_n but_o they_o also_o that_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o commission_n of_o it_o when_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o do_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o be_v punish_v just_o as_o he_o who_o hinder_v a_o wound_a person_n from_o be_v cure_v be_v as_o guilty_a as_o he_o that_o wound_v he_o even_o unto_o death_n so_o they_o who_o be_v strict_o bind_v in_o duty_n to_o help_v those_o that_o be_v oppress_v and_o do_v it_o not_o and_o they_o who_o do_v not_o dissuade_v when_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o and_o last_o they_o that_o conceal_v the_o fact_n which_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o some_o law_n to_o make_v know_v all_o these_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o punishment_n if_o there_o be_v in_o they_o such_o a_o malignity_n of_o spirit_n as_o may_v suffice_v to_o deserve_v punishment_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n ii_o how_o prince_n and_o state_n be_v punishable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fact_n of_o their_o subject_n this_o will_v be_v make_v clear_a by_o example_n where_o offence_n be_v but_o personal_a there_o the_o punishment_n be_v not_o to_o be_v national_a no_o community_n or_o other_o civil_a society_n of_o man_n may_v just_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o fault_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n without_o either_o commit_n or_o omit_v some_o fact_n or_o duty_n of_o their_o own_o whereunto_o they_o be_v general_o oblige_v for_o as_o st_n augustine_n well_o observe_v in_o every_o nation_n those_o sin_n which_o be_v commit_v by_o particular_a person_n be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o that_o be_v do_v in_o common_a as_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v assemble_v do_v unanimous_o decree_v it_o to_o be_v do_v hence_o arise_v that_o clause_n usual_a in_o all_o league_n si_fw-la defexerit_fw-la publico_fw-la consilio_fw-la if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v do_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o any_o public_a decree_n then_o shall_v the_o league_n be_v adjudge_v as_o break_v thus_o the_o locrian_o in_o livy_n excuse_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a senate_n say_v that_o their_o defection_n proceed_v from_o some_o ignorant_a and_o ill_a affect_a people_n and_o not_o by_o any_o public_a order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o rhodian_o in_o the_o same_o senate_n make_v their_o defence_n by_o the_o same_o argument_n distinguish_v between_o the_o public_a act_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o private_a act_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n there_o be_v no_o city_n say_v they_o so_o well_o govern_v but_o may_v sometime_o have_v some_o malignant_a citizen_n sit_v even_o at_o the_o stern_a beside_o a_o unexperienced_a multitude_n always_o and_o if_o the_o attempt_n of_o every_o private_a person_n be_v ground_n sufficient_a for_o a_o just_a war_n no_o city_n can_v long_o subsist_v thus_o st._n chrysostome_n likewise_o argue_v it_o be_v not_o the_o common_a crime_n of_o the_o city_n but_o of_o some_o stranger_n and_o foreigner_n who_o do_v all_o thing_n rather_o through_o rashness_n and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n than_o by_o reason_n neither_o say_v he_o be_v it_o just_a that_o so_o great_a a_o city_n shall_v be_v destroy_v for_o the_o indiscretion_n of_o some_o few_o nor_o that_o the_o innocent_a shall_v equal_o suffer_v with_o the_o nocent_a so_o neither_o be_v the_o sin_n of_o child_n to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o parent_n nor_o master_n to_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o their_o servant_n nor_o other_o that_o govern_v for_o those_o who_o they_o govern_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o delinquency_n of_o their_o own_o now_o of_o those_o way_n or_o mean_n whereby_o they_o that_o preside_v over_o other_o may_v be_v accessary_a to_o their_o sin_n and_o so_o involve_v in_o their_o punishment_n there_o be_v two_o of_o singular_a use_n and_o require_v our_o strict_a disquisition_n as_o first_o by_o connivance_n connivance_n 1._o by_o connivance_n for_o he_o that_o know_v that_o such_o a_o crime_n will_v be_v commit_v which_o he_o can_v hinder_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v it_o but_o do_v it_o not_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o crime_n when_o it_o be_v commit_v thus_o cicero_n argue_v this_o case_n against_o piso_n pisonem_fw-la cicero_n in_o pisonem_fw-la it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a say_v he_o especialâ—y_v in_o a_o consul_n whether_o he_o do_v himself_o stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o sedition_n by_o his_o own_o pernicious_a law_n and_o wicked_a speech_n and_o so_o disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o whether_o by_o his_o connivance_n he_o permit_v other_o so_o to_o do_v par_fw-fr est_fw-fr delinquere_fw-la &_o delinquentes_fw-la non_fw-la prohibere_fw-la it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n say_v agapetus_n to_o justinian_n to_o be_v wicked_a ourselves_o and_o to_o suffer_v other_o to_o be_v so_o when_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n to_o help_v it_o he_o that_o suffer_v a_o sinner_n to_o sin_n say_v arnobius_n add_v unto_o he_o the_o strength_n of_o confidence_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v salvian_n he_o who_o have_v a_o power_n to_o prohibit_v a_o wicked_a act_n and_o do_v it_o not_o do_v in_o effect_n command_v it_o and_o st._n augustine_n likewise_o he_o that_o do_v not_o resist_v and_o oppose_v himself_o against_o a_o sin_n when_o he_o can_v do_v it_o seem_v to_o give_v his_o consent_n unto_o it_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n if_o a_o servant_n do_v kill_v a_o man_n with_o his_o master_n knowledge_n the_o main_a guilt_n be_v transfer_v to_o his_o master_n as_o if_o he_o himself_o have_v be_v the_o murderer_n even_o so_o he_o that_o suffer_v his_o bondslave_n to_o be_v prostitute_v when_o he_o may_v rescue_v she_o be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n judge_v the_o prostitutor_fw-la by_o the_o fabian_n law_n if_o one_o man_n servant_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o master_n seduce_v another_o man_n servant_n the_o master_n of_o the_o seducer_n be_v punish_v for_o it_o but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o beside_o the_o bare_a knowledge_n there_o be_v also_o a_o power_n and_o authority_n sufficient_a to_o restrain_v and_o hinder_v the_o commit_n of_o it_o and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o law_n intend_v for_o when_o knowledge_n be_v command_v to_o be_v punish_v it_o be_v take_v for_o connivance_n or_o toleration_n so_o that_o he_o stand_v guilty_a who_o have_v a_o power_n to_o forbid_v the_o do_n of_o a_o wicked_a act_n do_v it_o not_o and_o in_o this_o case_n knowledge_n be_v take_v for_o that_o which_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n and_o so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o the_o fact_n be_v commit_v by_o his_o advice_n and_o counsel_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o master_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o servant_n crime_n though_o he_o do_v know_v thereof_o if_o that_o servant_n shall_v contemn_v his_o master_n authority_n and_o proclaim_v himself_o a_o freeman_n and_o as_o parent_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o child_n crime_n though_o they_o know_v of_o they_o if_o those_o child_n be_v not_o under_o the_o power_n and_o tuition_n of_o their_o parent_n because_o neither_o master_n nor_o parent_n have_v any_o power_n and_o authority_n over_o they_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n although_o they_o have_v power_n and_o authority_n over_o they_o and_o so_o may_v thereby_o prohibit_v the_o do_n of_o such_o crime_n yet_o if_o they_o know_v nothing_o of_o their_o purpose_n and_o intention_n to_o commit_v such_o act_n they_o can_v be_v punish_v for_o they_o for_o both_o these_o must_v necessary_o concur_v to_o make_v one_o man_n guilty_a of_o another_o man_n crime_n knowledge_n of_o the_o sin_n commit_v and_o not_o restrain_v they_o when_o it_o be_v in_o
child_n answer_v it_o be_v not_o for_o you_o to_o know_v what_o i_o intend_v to_o do_v with_o they_o that_o you_o yourselves_o may_v perish_v the_o more_o uncomfortable_o but_o withal_o we_o must_v note_v that_o god_n do_v not_o use_v this_o severity_n but_o for_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v commit_v proper_o in_o the_o reproach_n of_o himself_o as_o for_o the_o sin_n of_o idolatry_n sacrilege_n perjury_n and_o the_o like_a neither_o do_v the_o grecian_n themselves_o think_v otherwise_o for_o all_o those_o sin_n which_o be_v thus_o visit_v on_o posterity_n which_o they_o call_v stupendous_a be_v of_o this_o sort_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whereof_o plutarch_n discourse_v excellent_o in_o his_o book_n concern_v the_o late_a revenge_n of_o god_n and_o in_o aelian_a we_o find_v a_o delphic_a oracle_n to_o this_o very_a purpose_n denoun_v against_o the_o sin_n of_o sacrilege_n at_o scelerum_fw-la fontes_fw-la divinum_fw-la persequitur_fw-la jus_o necpote_n vitari_fw-la non_fw-la si_fw-la genus_fw-la ab_fw-la jove_n ducant_fw-la sed_fw-la capiti_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la nascunter_n ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la imminet_fw-la inque_fw-la domo_fw-la cladem_fw-la subit_fw-la altera_fw-la clades_fw-la vengeance_n the_o guilty_a do_v from_o heaven_n attend_v which_o none_o can_v '_o escape_v though_o they_o from_o jove_n descend_v upon_o themselves_o and_o on_o their_o child_n all_o plague_n after_o plague_n throughout_o the_o house_n shall_v fall_v the_o like_a we_o have_v in_o libanius_n who_o speak_v of_o some_o sacrilegious_a person_n say_v whereof_o some_o have_v already_o be_v punish_v other_o not_o yet_o but_o none_o shall_v escape_v and_o not_o only_o they_o but_o their_o child_n child_n after_o they_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o strabo_n and_o gellius_n in_o the_o story_n of_o the_o gold_n steal_v out_o of_o temple_n at_o tholouse_n concern_v perjury_n we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o like_a testimony_n above_o and_o concern_v idolatry_n we_o have_v a_o most_o pregnant_a example_n in_o jeroboam_n where_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o although_o god_n do_v thus_o threaten_v to_o visit_v the_o sin_n of_o parent_n upon_o their_o child_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o always_o do_v it_o especial_o if_o any_o spark_n of_o virtue_n appear_v in_o they_o or_o if_o the_o child_n do_v public_o declare_v his_o detestation_n of_o his_o father_n wickedness_n as_o andron_n pelaeologus_n do_v as_o be_v evident_a ezech._n 18._o and_o by_o divers_a example_n allege_v by_o plutarch_n in_o the_o place_n before_o recite_v and_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n where_o there_o be_v a_o clear_a discovery_n make_v of_o the_o punishment_n that_o attend_v we_o after_o this_o life_n than_o in_o any_o of_o the_o prophet_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o commination_n that_o extend_v beyond_o the_o person_n sin_v whereunto_o that_o of_o ezekiel_n have_v some_o respect_n though_o but_o obscure_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o prophet_n at_o that_o time_n be_v now_o though_o god_n do_v sometime_o visit_v the_o sin_n of_o parent_n on_o their_o child_n yet_o be_v this_o no_o warrant_n for_o we_o to_o do_v the_o same_o neither_o can_v there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n because_o of_o that_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n that_o he_o have_v over_o our_o life_n to_o take_v they_o away_o at_o his_o pleasure_n without_o any_o respect_n have_v unto_o our_o sin_n whereas_o man_n can_v have_v no_o such_o power_n but_o what_o our_o own_o crime_n give_v they_o and_o therefore_o as_o the_o sin_n so_o the_o punishment_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v beyond_o our_o person_n and_o therefore_o the_o very_a same_o law_n of_o god_n do_v express_o in_o another_o place_n forbid_v that_o either_o the_o father_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o the_o child_n or_o the_o child_n for_o the_o father_n deut._n 24.16_o which_o some_o of_o the_o pious_a king_n of_o israel_n do_v religious_o observe_v even_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n as_o amasias_n do_v which_o law_n be_v high_o commend_v both_o by_o josephus_n and_o philo_n as_o isocrates_n do_v the_o like_a law_n among_o the_o egyptian_n and_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n the_o same_o among_o the_o roman_n neither_o the_o sin_n nor_o punishment_n of_o the_o father_n leave_v any_o guilt_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o child_n say_v calistratus_n out_o of_o plato_n for_o it_o be_v just_a that_o every_o fox_n shall_v pay_v his_o own_o skin_n unto_o the_o fleaer_fw-mi and_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v carve_v out_o his_o own_o fortune_n and_o no_o man_n answer_v for_o his_o sin_n before_o god_n by_o a_o attorney_n will_v any_o city_n say_v cicero_n endure_v such_o a_o law_n that_o shall_v condemn_v the_o son_n or_o nephew_n if_o the_o father_n only_o or_o the_o grandfather_n do_v offend_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o roman_a grecian_a and_o egyptian_a law_n do_v forbid_v the_o put_n to_o death_n of_o woman_n with_o child_n as_o a_o act_n of_o injustice_n and_o cruelty_n xv._o if_o not_o child_n much_o less_o kinsman_n and_o if_o so_o then_o certain_o the_o law_n of_o the_o 10._o the_o dan._n 7.22_o justin_n l._n 10._o persian_n and_o macedonian_n adjudge_v to_o death_n all_o the_o kindred_n and_o relation_n of_o traitor_n that_o so_o they_o may_v the_o more_o dolorous_o perish_v as_o curtius_n speak_v be_v most_o cruel_a and_o unjust_a which_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n record_v as_o the_o severe_a of_o all_o law_n philo_z also_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o tyrant_n to_o put_v to_o death_n together_o with_o the_o person_n so_o condemn_v the_o five_o family_n that_o be_v of_o near_a kin_n to_o they_o which_o execrable_a custom_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o hear_v of_o among_o christian_n be_v a_o cruelty_n exceed_v any_o humane_a judgement_n xvi_o yet_o may_v child_n be_v deny_v something_n which_o otherwise_o they_o may_v have_v have_v but_o yet_o in_o case_n the_o child_n of_o such_o traitor_n may_v have_v or_o expect_v to_o enjoy_v any_o thing_n whereof_o the_o peculiar_a right_n be_v not_o in_o they_o but_o in_o the_o king_n or_o people_n it_o may_v be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o a_o certain_a right_n of_o dominion_n as_o it_o add_v to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o offender_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v the_o posterity_n of_o traitor_n be_v hold_v uncapable_a of_o honour_n as_o the_o child_n of_o such_o as_o be_v proscribe_v by_o sylla_n be_v among_o the_o roman_n so_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arcadius_n it_o be_v provide_v as_o a_o thing_n tolerable_a against_o the_o child_n of_o traitor_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v into_o any_o honour_n or_o office_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n xvii_o nor_o be_v subject_n proper_o punish_v for_o their_o prince_n crime_n now_o what_o have_v be_v here_o say_v of_o child_n may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v of_o such_o people_n as_o be_v true_o subject_n if_o the_o question_n be_v put_v whether_o they_o may_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o the_o sin_n of_o their_o king_n or_o of_o their_o governor_n i_o mean_v not_o here_o in_o case_n the_o people_n shall_v give_v their_o consent_n thereunto_o or_o act_v any_o thing_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o fault_n of_o their_o prince_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o punishable_a but_o we_o treat_v of_o that_o contract_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o body_n whereof_o the_o king_n be_v the_o head_n and_o the_o subject_n the_o member_n for_o as_o to_o those_o that_o give_v their_o consent_n and_o assistance_n to_o the_o sin_n of_o their_o prince_n it_o be_v true_a what_o philo_n observe_v of_o pharaoh_n in_o abraham_n time_n that_o the_o whole_a family_n feel_v the_o smart_n of_o pharaoh_n sin_n because_o no_o man_n have_v indignation_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o fact_n but_o all_o of_o they_o by_o commend_v it_o be_v as_o guilty_a almost_o as_o himself_o so_o josephus_n discourse_v of_o the_o judgement_n of_o jeroboam_n the_o people_n say_v â—e_n do_v likewise_o partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o king_n sin_n for_o they_o also_o be_v to_o be_v expel_v that_o good_a land_n and_o to_o be_v scatter_v into_o foreign_a nation_n because_o they_o be_v his_o companion_n in_o the_o act_n of_o his_o sin_n but_o in_o case_n the_o people_n yield_v not_o their_o consent_n yet_o may_v they_o partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n by_o reason_n as_o i_o say_v of_o the_o connection_n that_o there_o be_v between_o they_o and_o their_o prince_n david_n number_v the_o people_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v consume_v by_o the_o pestilence_n david_n think_v this_o to_o be_v hard_a deal_n because_o he_o think_v the_o people_n innocent_a but_o god_n say_v the_o text_n be_v angry_a with_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o move_v he_o against_o they_o to_o say_v go_v number_v the_o people_n 2_o sam._n 24.1_o and_o then_o take_v occasion_n by_o this_o sin_n of_o david_n to_o punish_v the_o sin_n
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o savageness_n proper_a to_o wild_a beast_n only_o and_o so_o do_v seneca_n 7._o lib._n 2._o the_o clem_v cap._n 7._o non_fw-la crudelitatem_fw-la sed_fw-la feritatem_fw-la dicimus_fw-la we_o can_v so_o proper_o call_v it_o cruelty_n as_o a_o kind_n of_o savage_a fierceness_n to_o delight_v in_o blood_n we_o may_v also_o call_v it_o madness_n whereof_o as_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n so_o be_v there_o divers_a symptom_n but_o none_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o delight_v in_o humane_a slaughter_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o aristotle_n he_o be_v cruel_a with_o a_o witness_n who_o be_v so_o far_o transport_v with_o a_o thirst_n after_o humane_a blood_n that_o he_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o friend_n and_o foe_n and_o that_o also_o of_o dion_n prusiensis_fw-la to_o engage_v ourselves_o in_o unnecessary_a war_n and_o to_o rush_v into_o battle_n without_o any_o provocation_n be_v a_o mere_a madness_n so_o likewise_o say_v seneca_n 37._o orat._n 37._o there_o be_v few_o or_o none_o so_o savage_a as_o to_o shed_v humane_a blood_n prodigal_o and_o that_o for_o blood_n sake_n only_o iii_o the_o war_n that_o have_v no_o justify_v cause_n be_v but_o predatory_a most_o man_n that_o make_v war_n have_v some_o cause_n that_o move_v they_o thereto_o some_o whereof_z have_v matter_n sufficient_a to_o justify_v they_o other_o none_o at_o all_o of_o this_o latter_a sort_n be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o heruli_n against_o the_o lombard_n a_o war_n without_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o such_o be_v the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o gaul_n as_o livy_n testify_v who_o think_v the_o best_a right_a to_o consist_v in_o their_o arm_n and_o that_o the_o long_a sword_n may_v take_v all_o but_o in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n qui_fw-la rogatus_fw-la de_fw-fr possidendi_fw-la causa_fw-la nullam_fw-la aliam_fw-la adfert_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la possideat_fw-la praedae_fw-la est_fw-la he_o who_o be_v demand_v by_o what_o right_a he_o hold_v any_o thing_n can_v show_v none_o but_o that_o have_v get_v it_o he_o will_v keep_v it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o thief_n a_o pirate_n or_o a_o usurper_n of_o another_o man_n right_a so_o aristotle_n of_o such_o as_o excite_v other_o to_o war_n say_v that_o they_o regard_v not_o at_o all_o whether_o to_o subdue_v their_o innocent_a neighbour_n be_v just_a or_o not_o such_o a_o one_o be_v brennus_n who_o hold_v that_o he_o have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o all_o who_o be_v strong_a of_o all_o such_o a_o one_o silius_n thought_n annibal_n to_o be_v pro_fw-la foedere_fw-la próque_fw-la justitia_fw-la est_fw-la ensis_fw-la who_o sword_n do_v awe_v both_o league_n and_o law_n and_o such_o be_v attila_n and_o all_o those_o who_o look_v not_o at_o the_o cause_n but_o at_o the_o success_n of_o war_n according_a to_o that_o vulgar_a say_n of_o most_o soldier_n quaeritur_fw-la belli_fw-la exitus_fw-la non_fw-la causa_fw-la it_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o end_n that_o crown_v the_o war._n for_o when_o once_o the_o dispute_n come_v to_o blow_n the_o vanquish_a party_n can_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o argument_n convince_v the_o conqueror_n that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o error_n nor_o shall_v reason_n be_v hear_v when_o the_o sword_n have_v decide_v the_o quarrel_n haec_fw-la acies_fw-la victum_fw-la factura_fw-la nocentem_fw-la est_fw-la this_o battle_n will_v the_o vanquish_v guilty_a make_v for_o let_v the_o cause_n be_v what_o it_o will_v the_o conquer_a party_n must_v be_v guilty_a still_o whereunto_o that_o of_o st_n augustine_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v 6._o de_fw-fr civit._n l._n 4._o c._n 6._o to_o invade_v the_o dominion_n of_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o be_v encourage_v by_o success_n to_o proceed_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o waste_v their_o country_n and_o out_o of_o mere_a ambition_n to_o destroy_v those_o who_o never_o injure_v we_o quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la nisi_fw-la grande_fw-fr latrocinium_fw-la nominandum_fw-la est_fw-la what_o can_v we_o call_v this_o but_o a_o grand_a robbery_n of_o such_o war_n as_o these_o thus_o speak_v vellejus_n that_o they_o be_v make_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o for_o pay_v and_o plunder_v so_o think_v cicero_n also_o that_o pride_n and_o haughtiness_n of_o spirit_n â—_o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n â—_o whereby_o we_o confront_v danger_n and_o endure_v all_o manner_n of_o hardship_n be_v no_o part_n of_o true_a valour_n if_o justice_n be_v want_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n speak_v agathias_n 2._o lib._n 2._o they_o who_o be_v transport_v either_o with_o a_o insatiable_a desire_n of_o rule_n or_o of_o riches_n or_o by_o a_o violent_a hatred_n shall_v without_o any_o other_o cause_n invade_v another_o man_n dominion_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o offend_v those_o that_o be_v inoffensive_a these_o man_n say_v he_o be_v both_o proud_a and_o dishonest_a of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v andronicus_n rhodius_n they_o who_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o do_v rob_v other_o be_v account_v wicked_a impious_a and_o unjust_a and_o such_o be_v tyrant_n and_o they_o who_o for_o plunder_v make_v city_n desolate_a 1._o ferinum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la caedes_fw-la &_o vastationes_fw-la nulla_fw-la accepta_fw-la injuria_fw-la venire_fw-la see_v bo._n 2._o chap._n 1._o §._o 1._o concern_v who_o philo_n upon_o the_o decalogue_n write_v thus_o they_o that_o have_v get_v the_o power_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n that_o spoil_v whole_a city_n be_v secure_v from_o punishment_n by_o be_v above_o the_o law_n these_o be_v man_n of_o a_o barbarous_a nature_n ambitious_a of_o rule_n and_o dominion_n commit_v great_a robbery_n yet_o cloak_v their_o villainy_n under_o the_o specious_a name_n of_o magistracy_n and_o empire_n which_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v call_v notorious_a villainy_n for_o to_o waste_v and_o depopulate_v country_n be_v by_o no_o injury_n provoke_v be_v brutish_a cruelty_n iv_o some_o cause_n be_v specious_a but_o not_o just_a other_o there_o be_v that_o pretend_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o just_a and_o warrantable_a ground_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v thorough_o search_v into_o will_v be_v find_v unjust_a and_o as_o livy_n speak_v a_o contest_v not_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o law_n or_o justice_n but_o by_o plain_a force_n some_o prince_n say_v plutarch_n make_v the_o same_o use_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o private_a man_n do_v of_o money_n not_o always_o for_o just_a end_n but_o for_o end_n suitable_a to_o their_o own_o fancy_n now_o though_o what_o cause_n be_v unjust_a may_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n know_v by_o those_o that_o be_v just_a rectum_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la obliqui_fw-la judex_fw-la for_o by_o a_o line_n that_o be_v straight_o we_o may_v easy_o discern_v that_o which_o be_v crooked_a yet_o for_o plainness_n and_o perspicuity_n we_o shall_v insist_v upon_o the_o principal_a head_n of_o they_o v._o as_o a_o uncertain_a fear_n and_o first_o our_o fear_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o swell_a power_n of_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o a_o just_a war_n for_o that_o our_o defence_n by_o arm_n be_v just_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v necessary_a which_o it_o can_v be_v unless_o we_o be_v most_o assure_v not_o only_o that_o he_o against_o who_o we_o make_v war_n have_v a_o power_n to_o do_v we_o wrong_n but_o that_o he_o have_v also_o a_o full_a purpose_n and_o resolution_n so_o to_o do_v which_o certain_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o as_o take_v place_n in_o moral_a matter_n that_o therefore_o our_o neighbour_n be_v not_o restrain_v by_o any_o former_a agreement_n build_v a_o fort_n in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o own_o dominion_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v be_v hereafter_o annoy_v be_v no_o just_a ground_n for_o we_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o because_o for_o prevention_n we_o also_o may_v do_v the_o like_a in_o any_o part_n of_o our_o own_o territory_n 1._o zonaras_n pausanias_n lib._n 1._o or_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o other_o the_o like_a remedy_n and_o not_o by_o war._n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o that_o make_v by_o lysimachus_n against_o demetrius_n be_v unjust_a unless_o warrant_v by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o other_o cause_n cauchi_n the_o cauchi_n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v with_o that_o of_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o cauchi_n the_o noble_a people_n of_o all_o germany_n who_o say_v he_o support_v their_o grandeur_n by_o justice_n without_o any_o extraordinary_a affectation_n either_o of_o glory_n or_o riches_n and_o yet_o without_o any_o disability_n or_o want_n of_o power_n to_o either_o they_o live_v quiet_o and_o without_o noise_n provoke_v no_o war_n nor_o be_v they_o waste_v by_o spoil_n or_o pillage_n spain_n though_o our_o own_o uncertain_a fear_n be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o we_o to_o make_v war_n yet_o may_v we_o use_v all_o lawful_a mean_n cautious_o to_o prevent_v danger_n before_o they_o fall_v this_o be_v
blame-worthy_a as_o he_o that_o injure_v he_o yet_o be_v not_o such_o covenant_n to_o be_v so_o far_o extend_v as_o to_o engage_v we_o in_o a_o war_n if_o there_o be_v no_o just_a cause_n 36._o amb._n de_fw-fr off._n l._n 1._o c._n 36._o wherefore_o the_o lacedaemonian_n before_o they_o have_v make_v war_n against_o the_o athenian_n refer_v the_o justice_n of_o their_o cause_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o their_o confederate_n 34._o liv._o l._n 34._o so_o do_v the_o roman_n before_o they_o begin_v their_o war_n against_o nabis_n make_v the_o grecian_a city_n judge_n in_o their_o case_n so_o simler_n simler_n simler_n concern_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o swisser_n if_o the_o lord_n shall_v make_v war_n against_o any_o man_n and_o it_o be_v know_v that_o his_o cause_n be_v just_a or_o if_o it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o the_o vassal_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o assist_v his_o lord_n but_o if_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o war_n be_v unreasonable_a then_o be_v the_o vassal_n bind_v only_o to_o defend_v his_o lord_n but_o not_o to_o offend_v another_o whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o though_o the_o case_n of_o our_o confederate_n be_v just_a yet_o if_o his_o case_n be_v desperate_a why_o a_o confederate_n not_o to_o be_v assist_v in_o case_n his_o condition_n be_v desperate_a and_o why_o and_o that_o though_o we_o shall_v assist_v he_o with_o what_o force_v we_o can_v there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o a_o good_a end_n we_o be_v not_o then_o bind_v to_o aid_v he_o because_o all_o alliance_n be_v at_o first_o make_v for_o preservation_n but_o not_o for_o destruction_n yea_o and_o we_o may_v defend_v one_o of_o our_o confederate_n against_o another_o of_o our_o confederate_n unless_o we_o be_v by_o any_o article_n in_o a_o former_a league_n particular_o forbid_v it_o thus_o the_o athenian_n may_v have_v defend_v the_o corcyrean_o if_o their_o cause_n have_v be_v just_a against_o the_o corinthian_n their_o more_o ancient_a associate_n v._o for_o our_o friend_n next_o to_o our_o confederate_n our_o friend_n be_v to_o be_v assist_v to_o who_o aid_n though_o we_o stand_v not_o engage_v by_o any_o league_n or_o promise_n yet_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o common_a friendship_n we_o ought_v to_o contribute_v towards_o their_o assistance_n if_o we_o may_v do_v it_o with_o ease_n and_o without_o any_o inconvenience_n to_o ourselves_o thus_o abraham_n too_o up_o arm_n in_o defence_n of_o his_o kinsman_n lot_n and_o thus_o the_o roman_n farbad_v the_o pirate_n of_o antium_n to_o rob_v the_o grecian_n their_o friend_n and_o kinsman_n and_o thus_o we_o often_o read_v it_o of_o the_o same_o roman_n that_o they_o frequen_o either_o make_v war_n or_o at_o least_o threaten_a so_o to_o do_v not_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o their_o associate_n only_o to_o who_o they_o stand_v oblige_v but_o for_o their_o friend_n and_o neighbour_n also_o upon_o no_o other_o account_n but_o that_o of_o love_n and_o friendship_n there_o be_v a_o old_a oracle_n that_o serve_v to_o guide_v we_o in_o this_o case_n non_fw-fr open_a juvisti_fw-la praesens_fw-la in_o morte_fw-la sodalem_fw-la effabor_fw-la tibi_fw-la nil_fw-la nisi_fw-la templi_fw-la finibus_fw-la exi_fw-la vi_o for_o any_o man_n last_o we_o owe_v our_o assistance_n to_o all_o mankind_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o near_a conjunction_n that_o there_o be_v between_o we_o which_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a to_o excite_v we_o to_o aid_v and_o to_o succour_v each_o other_o homo_fw-la in_o adjutorium_fw-la mutuum_fw-la generatus_fw-la est_fw-la man_n say_v seneca_n be_v bear_v to_o help_v each_o other_o and_o again_o 5._o cic._n de_fw-fr fin._n l._n 3._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 2._o sen_n de_fw-fr ira._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o de_fw-fr clem._n 2._o 5._o a_o wise_a man_n will_v as_o oft_o as_o be_v can_v prevent_v misfortune_n according_a to_o that_o of_o euripedes_n what_o beast_n from_o rock_n servant_n from_o altar_n have_v city_n distress_v the_o like_a from_o city_n crave_v and_o indeed_o that_o fortitude_n that_o defend_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o weak_a and_o innocent_a be_v full_a of_o justice_n say_v st_n ambrose_n but_o of_o this_o we_o have_v treat_v above_o vii_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v omit_v if_o either_o it_o endanger_v ourselves_o or_o take_v away_o the_o invader_n life_n here_o also_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o for_o one_o man_n to_o defend_v another_o or_o for_o one_o people_n or_o nation_n to_o protect_v another_o from_o violence_n and_o wrong_a be_v a_o debt_n whereunto_o we_o stand_v bind_v plato_n in_o the_o four_o of_o his_o law_n affirm_v that_o he_o that_o do_v not_o repel_v violence_n offer_v to_o another_o if_o he_o can_v do_v it_o deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v the_o like_a provision_n be_v make_v both_o by_o the_o hebrew_n and_o egyptian_a law_n 1._o law_n diodor._fw-la l._n 1._o but_o this_o general_n will_v admit_v of_o some_o exception_n for_o in_o case_n we_o can_v do_v this_o without_o incur_v some_o manifest_a danger_n unto_o ourselves_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o we_o abstain_v from_o attempt_v it_o for_o every_o man_n may_v prefer_v his_o own_o before_o the_o welfare_n of_o another_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n do_v that_o of_o cicero_n hold_v true_a he_o that_o do_v not_o defend_v another_o nor_o resist_v a_o injury_n when_o he_o can_v be_v as_o much_o to_o blame_v as_o he_o that_o desert_n his_o parent_n his_o country_n or_o his_o friend_n if_o he_o can_v that_o be_v with_o safety_n to_o himself_o for_o he_o himself_o in_o another_o place_n admit_v that_o some_o haply_o may_v he_o leave_v unprotect_a without_o blame_n sallust_n in_o his_o history_n give_v this_o wholesome_a advice_n let_v they_o say_v he_o who_o be_v in_o prosperity_n be_v about_o to_o engage_v themselves_o in_o a_o social_a war_n serious_o consider_v first_o whether_o they_o may_v then_o live_v in_o peace_n next_o whether_o the_o war_n they_o engage_v in_o be_v just_a safe_a honourable_a or_o otherwise_o inconvenient_a 15._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr l._n 2._o c._n 15._o succuram_fw-la perituro_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la ipse_fw-la non_fw-la peream_fw-la i_o will_v defend_v he_o say_v seneca_n that_o be_v ready_a to_o perish_v but_o so_o that_o i_o thereby_o perish_v not_o myself_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o rescue_v from_o death_n some_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n or_o to_o purchase_v some_o very_a great_a advantage_n unto_o either_o myself_o or_o my_o relation_n 8._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 1._o c._n 10._o see_v book_n 2._o ch_z 1._o §._o 8._o bonum_fw-la etiam_fw-la impendio_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la mei_fw-la tuebor_fw-la a_o good_a man_n say_v he_o though_o with_o the_o hazard_n of_o my_o life_n i_o shall_v defend_v and_o if_o i_o can_v rescue_v a_o bad_a man_n from_o thief_n by_o my_o clamour_n and_o outcry_n i_o shall_v willing_o strain_v my_o voice_n to_o do_v he_o good_a but_o yet_o if_o that_o good_a man_n be_v so_o oppress_v that_o he_o can_v be_v relieve_v without_o the_o death_n of_o the_o oppressor_n i_o be_o not_o bind_v to_o do_v it_o for_o if_o what_o i_o have_v say_v above_o be_v grant_v namely_o that_o the_o case_n may_v so_o happen_v that_o the_o person_n invade_v may_v choose_v rather_o to_o die_v himself_o than_o to_o be_v the_o death_n of_o the_o invader_n he_o that_o do_v believe_v the_o invade_v do_v wish_v or_o will_v choose_v rather_o so_o to_o do_v do_v not_o sin_n if_o he_o do_v not_o rescue_v he_o especial_o when_o the_o damage_n that_o be_v likely_a to_o befall_v the_o invade_a party_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n likely_a to_o be_v both_o irreparable_a and_o everlasting_a viii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v make_v upon_o another_o king_n for_o oppress_v his_o own_o subject_n another_o question_n be_v sometime_o start_v whether_o that_o war_n be_v just_a which_o be_v undertake_v to_o free_v another_o subject_n from_o the_o oppression_n of_o their_o own_o prince_n without_o doubt_n as_o soon_o as_o civil_a society_n be_v at_o first_o institute_v every_o governor_n have_v some_o peculiar_a right_n over_o his_o own_o subject_n according_a to_o that_o of_o euripides_n nos_fw-la quotquot_fw-la huius_fw-la colimus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la moenia_fw-la sufficimus_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nostra_fw-la judicia_fw-la exequi_fw-la we_o that_o within_o these_o wall_n reside_v suffice_v ourselves_o to_o punish_v our_o delinquency_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n also_o be_v that_o spartam_fw-la tibi_fw-la quae_fw-la contigit_fw-la orna_fw-la nobis_fw-la fuerint_fw-la cura_fw-la mycenae_n let_v sparta_n care_n be_v thou_o mycena_n shall_v be_v i_o thucydides_n among_o other_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n reckon_v this_o namely_o a_o power_n in_o itself_o to_o execute_v judgement_n and_o this_o he_o hold_v to_o be_v as_o necessary_a as_o the_o power_n either_o of_o ordain_v law_n or_o create_v magistrate_n and_o to_o this_o we_o may_v refer_v that_o of_o neptune_n concern_v aeolus_n 1._o virgil_n aen._n
it_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o itself_o so_o horrid_a 1._o quest_n nat._n lib._n 5._o c._n 18._o grat._n c._n 33._o q._n 1._o that_o nothing_o but_o pure_a necessity_n or_o perfect_a charity_n can_v denominate_v it_o just_a or_o honest_a so_o st._n augustine_n militare_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la delictum_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la praedam_fw-la militare_fw-la peccatum_fw-la est_fw-la simple_o to_o make_v war_n be_v not_o sinful_a but_o to_o make_v war_n for_o plunder_v and_o pay_v only_o must_v needs_o be_v wicked_a x._o especial_o they_o that_o make_v war_n for_o spoil_n nay_o to_o make_v war_n for_o pay_v or_o hire_n be_v likewise_o a_o sin_n if_o that_o be_v the_o only_a or_o principal_a thing_n we_o aim_v at_o though_o otherwise_o to_o receive_v pay_n for_o our_o pain_n when_o we_o be_v lawful_o call_v to_o fight_v be_v altogether_o lawful_a for_o who_o say_v st._n paul_n go_v to_o war_n at_o any_o time_n upon_o his_o own_o charge_n chap._n xxvi_o how_o war_n may_v be_v just_o wage_v by_o such_o as_o be_v subject_n to_o another_o command_n i._o who_o they_o be_v that_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o another_o ii_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v be_v admit_v to_o debate_n or_o be_v leave_v to_o their_o free_a choice_n iii_o if_o they_o think_v the_o cause_n unjust_a though_o command_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o make_v war_n iu._n what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o case_n they_o doubt_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n v._o if_o they_o can_v be_v satisfy_v their_o person_n be_v to_o be_v spare_v but_o their_o tax_n heighten_v vi_o in_o what_o case_n subject_n may_v just_o take_v arm_n in_o a_o unjust_a war._n i._o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v under_o another_o dominion_n hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o such_o as_o be_v free_a and_o have_v power_n to_o dispose_v of_o their_o own_o action_n there_o be_v other_o that_o be_v under_o a_o more_o servile_a condition_n and_o such_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o family_n servant_n subject_n and_o each_o particular_a citizen_n compare_v with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o city_n whereof_o they_o be_v ii_o what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v be_v leave_v to_o their_o own_o choice_n but_o these_o man_n if_o either_o admit_v to_o advise_v or_o leave_v to_o their_o own_o choice_n whether_o they_o will_v either_o take_v up_o arm_n or_o be_v quiet_a aught_o to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n which_o be_v already_o set_v down_o for_o those_o who_o be_v free_a have_v power_n to_o make_v war_n either_o for_o themselves_o or_o other_o iii_o what_o if_o they_o think_v the_o cause_n unjust_a but_o if_o command_v thereunto_o as_o usual_o they_o be_v then_o if_o it_o be_v evident_a unto_o they_o that_o the_o cause_n be_v unjust_a they_o ought_v altogether_o to_o forbear_v for_o that_o god_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v obey_v than_o man_n be_v not_o only_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o apostle_n but_o even_o of_o socrates_n also_o as_o plato_n testify_v in_o his_o apology_n so_o also_o think_v the_o hebrew_n doctor_n namely_o that_o king_n if_o they_o command_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o god_n law_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v obey_v for_o this_o josephus_n record_v of_o his_o countryman_n who_o be_v convict_v before_o herod_n for_o pull_v down_o the_o roman_a eagle_n which_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v erect_v over_o the_o great_a gate_n of_o the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n and_o demand_v how_o they_o dare_v do_v it_o return_v this_o answer_n 8._o ant._n lib._n 17._o c._n 8._o what_o we_o have_v do_v we_o do_v in_o vindication_n of_o god_n honour_n and_o of_o that_o divine_a law_n whereof_o we_o profess_v ourselves_o to_o be_v the_o disciple_n neither_o haste_n thou_o cause_n to_o wonder_v if_o we_o hold_v the_o law_n which_o moses_n deliver_v unto_o we_o from_o god_n himself_o to_o be_v more_o sacred_a and_o indispensable_a than_o thy_o decree_n neither_o do_v we_o refuse_v to_o suffer_v death_n or_o any_o other_o punishment_n thou_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o inflict_v upon_o we_o as_o know_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o suffer_v as_o malefactor_n but_o as_o martyr_n in_o a_o good_a cause_n that_o excellent_a say_v of_o polycarpus_n now_o ready_a to_o expire_v live_v still_o upon_o record_n namely_o to_o prince_n and_o potentate_n we_o owe_v all_o due_a honour_n and_o obedience_n yet_o not_o so_o as_o thereby_o to_o endanger_v our_o eternal_a salvation_n it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o st_n paul_n child_n obey_v your_o parent_n in_o the_o lord_n 6.1_o eph._n 6.1_o for_o this_o be_v right_n upon_o which_o word_n st_n hierome_n thus_o gloss_v for_o child_n not_o to_o 〈◊〉_d their_o parent_n be_v a_o sin_n but_o because_o parent_n may_v haply_o command_v that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a therefore_o he_o add_v in_o the_o lord_n and_o st_n chrysostome_n thus_o expound_v they_o child_n obey_v your_o parent_n in_o the_o lord_n that_o be_v in_o all_o thing_n wherein_o you_o shall_v not_o disobey_v god_n infidelem_fw-la ad_fw-la patrem_fw-la infidelem_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v for_o it_o be_v no_o small_a reward_n that_o god_n propose_v to_o we_o for_o our_o obedience_n to_o parent_n and_o magistrate_n for_o we_o be_v command_v to_o esteem_v they_o as_o our_o lord_n and_o both_o in_o word_n and_o deed_n to_o yield_v they_o all_o due_a observance_n yet_o so_o as_o the_o work_n of_o true_a piety_n and_o devotion_n be_v not_o thereby_o hinder_v but_o if_o thy_o obedience_n unto_o god_n call_v thou_o forward_o then_o that_o of_o st_n hierome_n hold_v true_a which_o he_o speak_v declamatory_o out_o of_o seneca_n per_fw-la calcatum_fw-la pergo_fw-la patrem_fw-la thou_o must_v go_v on_o though_o thou_o trample_a on_o thy_o own_o parent_n for_o our_o obedience_n unto_o our_o parent_n can_v justify_v our_o disobedience_n unto_o god_n for_o as_o the_o same_o apostle_n say_v every_o man_n shall_v receive_v from_o god_n according_a to_o his_o own_o work_n whether_o bond_n or_o free_a the_o like_a advice_n do_v st_n hierome_n give_v unto_o servant_n where_o he_o add_v 6.1_o in_o eph._n 6.1_o but_o when_o our_o carnal_a lord_n shall_v command_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o god_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o all_o flesh_n than_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v again_o in_o another_o place_n in_o those_o thing_n only_o be_v man_n subject_a unto_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n which_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o command_v of_o god_n so_o likewise_o chrysostome_n servant_n also_o have_v their_o bound_n and_o limit_n prescribe_v they_o by_o god_n 7.24_o in_o 1_o cor._n 7.24_o and_o how_o far_o they_o may_v go_v in_o their_o obedience_n be_v also_o command_v beyond_o which_o they_o must_v not_o proceed_v if_o the_o lord_n command_v we_o nothing_o that_o be_v by_o god_n forbid_v he_o be_v to_o be_v follow_v and_o obey_v but_o not_o beyond_o the_o like_a advice_n give_v clemens_n alexandrinus_n concern_v a_o wife_n let_v she_o say_v he_o obey_v her_o husband_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o do_v nothing_o against_o his_o will_n but_o what_o she_o believe_v may_v very_o much_o conduce_v to_o virtue_n and_o her_o own_o salvation_n so_o likewise_o tertullian_n we_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v say_v he_o by_o the_o apostle_n precept_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o magistrate_n prince_n and_o power_n in_o all_o obedience_n sed_fw-la intra_fw-la limit_n disciplinae_fw-la so_o far_o as_o they_o transgress_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o christian_a discipline_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o silvanus_n the_o martyr_n we_o therefore_o despise_v the_o roman_a law_n lest_o we_o shall_v thereby_o transgress_v the_o divine_a law_n and_o musonius_n if_o a_o son_n a_o servant_n or_o a_o subject_a martyrologio_fw-la in_o martyrologio_fw-la shall_v refuse_v to_o yield_v obedience_n unto_o either_o a_o father_n a_o master_n or_o a_o prince_n in_o such_o command_v as_o be_v impious_a and_o ungodly_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v account_v as_o disobedient_a injurious_a or_o wicked_a now_o as_o the_o obedience_n of_o servant_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n so_o be_v that_o of_o child_n to_o parent_n 7._o lib._n 2._o c._n 7._o aulus_n gellius_n approve_v not_o of_o this_o opinion_n that_o a_o father_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v obey_v for_o say_v he_o what_o if_o he_o command_v his_o son_n to_o betray_v his_o country_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o mother_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o the_o middle_a way_n be_v best_a and_o safe_a in_o some_o thing_n we_o must_v in_o other_o some_o we_o must_v not_o obey_v so_o seneca_n the_o father_n non_fw-la omnibus_fw-la imperiis_fw-la parendum_fw-la est_fw-la all_o command_v oblige_v we_o not_o unto_o obedience_n so_o quintilian_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o child_n shall_v execute_v all_o their_o parent_n command_v for_o there_o may_v be_v many_o thing_n which_o though_o
power_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o delegate_n as_o person_n public_o choose_v to_o do_v justice_n 41._o vid._n gaiiius_n de_fw-fr pace_fw-la publ_n l._n 2._o c._n 8._o n._n 7._o vasq_fw-la cont._n illust_n c._n 10._o sect_n 41._o who_o authority_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o force_n to_o oblige_v stranger_n as_o their_o own_o subject_n nay_o even_o between_o their_o own_o subject_n it_o make_v not_o a_o debt_n void_a that_o be_v just_o due_a for_o as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n observe_v verus_fw-la debtor_n licet_fw-la absolutus_fw-la sit_fw-la natura_fw-la tamen_fw-la debtor_n permanet_fw-la he_o that_o owe_v a_o real_a debt_n though_o he_o be_v discharge_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o judge_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n stand_v still_o oblige_v and_o when_o by_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o judge_n a_o creditor_n have_v take_v away_o from_o the_o right_a owner_n something_o that_o have_v not_o be_v the_o debtor_n as_o if_o engage_v unto_o he_o the_o question_n be_v put_v whether_o the_o debt_n be_v pay_v that_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o debtor_n scaevola_n prove_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v restore_v but_o between_o a_o subject_a and_o a_o stranger_n there_o be_v this_o difference_n subject_n be_v bind_v up_o by_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o judge_n though_o it_o be_v unjust_a so_o as_o they_o can_v neither_o resist_v the_o execution_n of_o it_o lawful_o nor_o by_o force_n recover_v their_o own_o right_n against_o a_o sentence_n unjust_o give_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o that_o power_n they_o live_v under_o but_o stranger_n have_v a_o coercive_a power_n though_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o use_v it_o so_o long_o as_o they_o may_v recover_v their_o right_n in_o a_o judicial_a way_n wherefore_o in_o such_o a_o case_n that_o both_o the_o person_n and_o the_o movable_a good_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o refuse_v to_o restore_v what_o be_v violent_o take_v away_o may_v be_v by_o the_o like_a violence_n take_v be_v not_o introduce_v by_o nature_n but_o by_o custom_n general_o receive_v in_o all_o nation_n the_o most_o ancient_a example_n of_o this_o we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o homer_n iliad_n where_o nestor_n be_v say_v to_o drive_v away_o the_o cattle_n of_o the_o elidenses_n because_o they_o have_v before_o plunder_v his_o father_n horse_n whereupon_o as_o the_o story_n go_v on_o proclamation_n be_v make_v that_o every_o man_n to_o who_o the_o elidenses_n do_v owe_v any_o thing_n shall_v come_v and_o partake_v of_o the_o spoil_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o that_o every_o man_n may_v have_v his_o just_a proportion_n another_o example_n we_o have_v of_o this_o in_o the_o roman_a history_n where_o aristodemus_n tarquin_n heir_n seize_v the_o roman_a ship_n lie_v in_o harbour_n at_o cumae_n which_o he_o detain_v for_o the_o good_n of_o the_o tarquin_n detain_v in_o rome_n and_o in_o aristotle_n we_o find_v a_o decree_n against_o the_o carthaginian_n to_o seize_v all_o foreign_a ship_n if_o any_o man_n have_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v vi_o this_o right_n reach_v not_o to_o the_o life_n of_o he_o that_o be_v take_v it_o have_v haply_o be_v believe_v among_o some_o people_n that_o the_o life_n of_o innocent_a subject_n do_v stand_v engage_v upon_o the_o like_a account_n and_o that_o haply_o upon_o this_o presumption_n that_o every_o man_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o his_o own_o life_n which_o power_n may_v be_v transfer_v unto_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v very_o imbrobable_a and_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v not_o consistent_a with_o sound_a divinity_n yet_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o such_o subject_n may_v be_v kill_v though_o not_o intentional_o 13._o book_n 1._o ch._n 1._o sect._n 12_o 13._o yet_o accidental_o namely_o when_o they_o shall_v attempt_v by_o force_n to_o impede_fw-la the_o execution_n of_o this_o right_n but_o yet_o if_o such_o a_o mischief_n may_v be_v foresee_v we_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o charity_n to_o forbear_v the_o prosecution_n of_o our_o right_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v since_o by_o that_o law_n we_o that_o be_v christian_n especial_o aught_o to_o set_v a_o great_a value_n upon_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n than_o upon_o our_o good_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v vii_o the_o distinction_n that_o be_v herein_o make_v between_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o civil_a law_n moreover_o as_o well_o in_o this_o as_o in_o several_a other_o case_n we_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o we_o distinguish_v between_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v proper_o due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o those_o that_o be_v due_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o by_o a_o mutual_a agreement_n between_o some_o people_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n all_o subject_n that_o be_v injurious_a unto_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n be_v liable_a to_o this_o law_n of_o reprizal_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o reside_v there_o whether_o they_o be_v native_n or_o stranger_n but_o not_o if_o they_o be_v only_a traveller_n or_o sojourn_v there_o but_o for_o a_o little_a time_n for_o these_o pignoration_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o tax_n which_o be_v raise_v for_o the_o discharge_n of_o public_a debt_n be_v impose_v on_o such_o as_o be_v constant_a inhabitant_n and_o not_o on_o such_o as_o be_v sojourner_n and_o so_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o place_n for_o a_o while_n only_o neither_o be_v the_o person_n or_o the_o good_n of_o ambassador_n be_v not_o send_v to_o our_o enemy_n any_o way_n liable_a to_o this_o right_n of_o pignoration_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o also_o in_o many_o place_n the_o person_n of_o woman_n and_o child_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n often_o exempt_v but_o even_o the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o addict_v themselves_o to_o learning_n or_o to_o merchandize_v may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v take_v by_o any_o as_o their_o person_n also_o be_v at_o athens_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o many_o place_n this_o right_n of_o seize_v good_n or_o person_n must_v first_o be_v demand_v from_o the_o supreme_a power_n but_o in_o other_o place_n from_o the_o judge_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o propriety_n of_o thing_n take_v pass_v immediate_o to_o he_o that_o take_v they_o to_o the_o value_n of_o his_o principal_a debt_n together_o with_o his_o charge_n so_o as_o the_o remainder_n ought_v to_o be_v restore_v thus_o do_v the_o venetian_n to_o the_o genoese_a as_o gregoras_n relate_v who_o ship_n say_v he_o be_v take_v at_o galata_n lade_v with_o wheat_n barley_n and_o salt_n for_o fish_n whereof_o the_o lake_n of_o copais_n 9_o gregor_n lib._n 9_o and_o maeotis_n and_o the_o river_n tanais_n afford_v great_a plenty_n they_o do_v not_o diminish_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o good_n but_o take_v great_a care_n to_o preserve_v they_o until_o have_v receive_v their_o just_a debt_n they_o restore_v all_o they_o have_v take_v entire_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n they_o that_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o prize_v take_v be_v usual_o cite_v and_o be_v adjudge_v lawful_a they_o be_v by_o public_a authority_n sell_v and_o divide_v among_o such_o as_o be_v concern_v in_o they_o but_o to_o be_v better_o inform_v in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n we_o must_v consult_v such_o as_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o civil_a law_n especial_o bartolus_n who_o have_v write_v much_o concern_v the_o matter_n of_o reprizal_n one_o thing_n i_o shall_v here_o add_v because_o it_o serve_v somewhat_o to_o allay_v and_o qualify_v the_o severity_n of_o this_o law_n in_o itself_o too_o rigid_a namely_o that_o they_o who_o either_o by_o the_o nonpayment_n of_o what_o they_o owe_v or_o not_o do_v that_o which_o be_v right_o to_o such_o as_o they_o have_v wrong_v do_v occasion_n the_o seize_v of_o their_o fellow-subject_n good_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n both_o of_o god_n and_o of_o nature_n to_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o those_o loss_n which_o other_o man_n through_o their_o fault_n have_v sustain_v cymon_n cymon_n thus_o plutarch_n of_o the_o syrian_n many_o of_o they_o say_v he_o will_v not_o contribute_v money_n but_o command_v those_o that_o have_v either_o receive_v or_o take_v away_o other_o man_n good_n to_o repair_v their_o loss_n chap._n iii_o of_o a_o just_a or_o solemn_a war_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o its_o denunciation_n i._o that_o a_o solemn_a war_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ought_v to_o be_v between_o divers_a people_n ii_o a_o distinction_n between_o a_o nation_n though_o do_v unjust_o and_o a_o company_n of_o thief_n and_o pirate_n iii_o yet_o sometime_o there_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o change_n iv_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n that_o he_o that_o make_v it_o shall_v
have_v sovereign_a power_n and_o how_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v v._o and_o that_o the_o war_n be_v solemn_o denounce_v vi_o whereunto_o what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o proper_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v require_v be_v handle_v distinct_o vii_o the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n be_v sometime_o conditional_a sometime_o simple_a and_o absolute_a viii_o in_o denunciation_n what_o belong_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o not_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o war_n be_v denounce_v against_o a_o prince_n be_v denounce_v also_o against_o his_o subject_n and_o associate_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o follow_v he_o x._o but_o not_o as_o by_o themselves_o consider_v this_o illustrate_v by_o example_n xi_o the_o reason_n why_o denunciation_n be_v requisite_a to_o some_o effect_n of_o war._n xii_o that_o these_o effect_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o war_n xiii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v make_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v denounce_v fourteen_o whether_o against_o he_o that_o have_v violate_v the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n a_o war_n may_v be_v make_v though_o not_o denounce_v i._o a_o solemn_a war_n ought_v to_o be_v between_o two_o diverse_a nation_n we_o have_v already_o say_v 4._o say_v lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o sect_n 4._o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a author_n a_o war_n be_v ofttimes_o say_v to_o be_v just_o not_o from_o the_o cause_n that_o excite_v it_o nor_o from_o those_o heroic_a action_n that_o be_v do_v in_o it_o but_o from_o some_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o right_n which_o one_o war_n have_v more_o than_o another_o but_o what_o manner_n of_o war_n this_o be_v be_v best_a understand_v by_o the_o definition_n which_o the_o roman_n give_v of_o a_o enemy_n host_n sunt_fw-la qui_fw-la nobis_fw-la aut_fw-la quibus_fw-la nos_fw-la publicè_fw-la bellum_fw-la decernimus_fw-la they_o be_v enemy_n say_v pomponius_n against_o who_o we_o public_o denounce_v war_n or_o who_o do_v the_o like_a against_o we_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o pirate_n and_o robber_n to_o the_o very_a same_o purpose_n speak_v ulpian_n wherefore_o as_o he_o there_o add_v he_o that_o be_v take_v by_o robber_n be_v not_o a_o slave_n to_o those_o that_o take_v he_o neither_o need_v he_o recover_v his_o freedom_n by_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n ingenuam_fw-la l._n postliminium_fw-la sect_n 2._o d._n de_fw-fr cap._n l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ingenuam_fw-la as_o one_o that_o return_v out_o of_o captivity_n do_v a_o piratis_fw-la aut_fw-la latronibus_fw-la captus_fw-la libre_fw-la permanet_fw-la say_v paulus_n the_o lawyer_n he_o that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o a_o robber_n or_o a_o pirate_n lose_v not_o thereby_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o citizen_n as_o he_o do_v that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o war_n by_o the_o german_n or_o by_o the_o parthian_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o ulpian_n in_o civil_a dissension_n although_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v dangerous_o wound_v yet_o do_v not_o the_o contest_v extend_v to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n they_o that_o betake_v themselves_o to_o either_o part_n be_v not_o such_o mortal_a enemy_n as_o they_o be_v to_o who_o the_o right_a of_o captivate_a man_n and_o of_o postliminy_n belong_v and_o therefore_o though_o they_o be_v take_v and_o sell_v yet_o whensoever_o they_o shall_v recover_v their_o liberty_n they_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o petition_v their_o prince_n to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o freedom_n because_o they_o never_o lose_v it_o by_o a_o just_a captivity_n this_o only_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o under_o the_o example_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n whosoever_o in_o any_o city_n or_o commonwealth_n have_v the_o supreme_a power_n have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v a_o just_a war_n according_a to_o that_o of_o cicero_n 4._o philip._n 4._o ille_fw-la hostess_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la habet_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la curiam_fw-la aerarium_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o be_v account_v a_o enemy_n who_o enjoy_v a_o commonwealth_n a_o court_n a_o treasury_n the_o consent_n and_o concord_n of_o citizen_n with_o some_o regard_n have_v if_o the_o matter_n require_v it_o to_o peace_n and_o league_n the_o word_n host_n signify_v proper_o a_o equal_a which_o pirate_n and_o robber_n can_v be_v to_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o make_v a_o just_a war._n ii_o a_o distinction_n between_o a_o nation_n do_v thing_n unjust_o and_o pirate_n and_o robber_n neither_o do_v a_o commonwealth_n cease_v to_o be_v a_o commonwealth_n because_o some_o act_n of_o injustice_n be_v public_o and_o general_o commit_v by_o they_o nor_o be_v robber_n or_o pirate_n to_o be_v deem_v a_o civil_a society_n because_o haply_o they_o do_v observe_v some_o kind_n of_o equality_n between_o themselves_o without_o which_o no_o society_n can_v possible_o long_o subsist_v for_o these_o latter_a be_v not_o as_o procopius_n speak_v 2._o speak_v vand._n 2._o turba_n hominum_fw-la lege_fw-la congregata_fw-la sed_fw-la injustitiae_fw-la causa_fw-la in_fw-la unum_fw-la coacta_fw-la a_o company_n of_o man_n associate_v under_o a_o law_n but_o force_v to_o unite_v to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o law_n whereas_o the_o former_a though_o guilty_a sometime_o of_o some_o injustice_n and_o so_o not_o without_o some_o fault_n yet_o do_v they_o associate_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o right_n and_o do_v right_o unto_o foreigner_n though_o haply_o not_o in_o all_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o in_o many_o place_n be_v almost_o obliterated_a yet_o certain_o according_a to_o those_o covenant_n and_o agreement_n which_o they_o have_v make_v with_o every_o nation_n or_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n by_o they_o use_v 1._o lib._n 1._o this_o the_o scholiast_n upon_o thucydides_n observe_v that_o whilst_o the_o grecian_n preach_v piracy_n as_o a_o lawful_a call_v they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n abstain_v from_o murder_n from_o rob_v by_o night_n and_o from_o drive_v away_o the_o ox_n that_o plough_v the_o earth_n 2._o lib._n 2._o and_o strabo_n record_v it_o of_o divers_a other_o nation_n who_o though_o they_o live_v by_o piracy_n yet_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o return_v home_o will_v send_v to_o the_o right_a owner_n that_o if_o they_o will_v they_o may_v redeem_v their_o good_n at_o indifferent_a prize_n and_o hitherto_o we_o may_v also_o refer_v that_o of_o homer_n ipsi_fw-la etiam_fw-la rapti_fw-la avidi_fw-la qui_fw-la aliena_fw-la pererrant_fw-la littora_fw-la concessu_fw-la superûm_fw-la si_fw-la praeda_fw-la reperta_fw-la est_fw-la navibus_fw-la impletis_fw-la abeunt_fw-la &_o vela_fw-la retorquent_fw-la quip_n deos_fw-la metuunt_fw-la memores_fw-la fandi_fw-la atque_fw-la nefandi_fw-la greedy_n of_o gain_n to_o foreign_a coast_n they_o stray_v if_o by_o their_o starry_a guide_n they_o find_v a_o prey_n with_o sail_n retort_v they_o go_v their_o ship_n full_o fraught_v fear_v the_o god_n mind_v what_o be_v good_a 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corrupt_a commonwealth_n as_o none_o at_o all_o which_o sentence_n of_o cicero_n st._n augustine_n thus_o correct_v neither_o can_v i_o therefore_o say_v true_o that_o that_o people_n be_v no_o people_n 24._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 19_o c._n 24._o or_o that_o commonwealth_n no_o commonwealth_n so_o long_o as_o there_o remain_v any_o society_n of_o a_o rational_a multitude_n unanimous_o congregat_v for_o the_o mutual_a defence_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o love_v a_o body_n though_o disease_a yet_o remain_v a_o body_n and_o a_o city_n be_v still_o a_o city_n so_o long_o as_o it_o have_v law_n and_o execute_v judgement_n and_o have_v other_o mean_n necessary_a for_o both_o native_n and_o stranger_n to_o preserve_v or_o recover_v their_o just_a right_n that_o which_o dion_n chrysostome_n observe_v come_v much_o near_a to_o truth_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o law_n especial_o that_o of_o nation_n be_v in_o a_o city_n as_o the_o soul_n in_o a_o humane_a body_n which_o be_v take_v away_o it_o remain_v no_o long_o
a_o city_n 1._o lib._n 10._o ep._n 1._o so_o likewise_o cicero_n in_o another_o place_n there_o be_v neither_o law_n nor_o judgement_n nor_o any_o sign_n to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commonwealth_n aristides_n in_o his_o persuasive_a oration_n to_o the_o rhodian_o for_o peace_n prove_v that_o many_o good_a law_n may_v very_o well_o consist_v even_o with_o tyranny_n and_o aristotle_n inform_v we_o rep_n lib._n 5._o the_o rep_n that_o he_o that_o strain_v the_o power_n either_o of_o the_o noble_n or_o of_o the_o people_n to_o too_o high_a a_o key_n mar_v the_o harmony_n of_o good_a government_n and_o first_o corrupt_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o then_o destroy_v it_o let_v we_o illustrate_v this_o by_o example_n that_o they_o who_o be_v take_v by_o robber_n be_v not_o make_v slave_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o opinion_n of_o ulpian_n but_o if_o a_o roman_a citizen_n be_v take_v by_o the_o german_n or_o parthian_n he_o lose_v his_o freedom_n and_o yet_o among_o the_o german_n 6._o lib._n 6._o the_o robery_n that_o be_v do_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n be_v blameless_a which_o be_v caesar_n own_o word_n tacitus_n record_v it_o of_o the_o garamantes_n that_o they_o be_v gens_n latrociniis_fw-la foecunda_fw-la sed_fw-la gens_n tamen_fw-la a_o nation_n whole_o addict_v to_o robery_n but_o yet_o a_o nation_n though_o the_o illirian_o spoil_v all_o they_o meet_v at_o sea_n without_o regard_n but_o yet_o to_o he_o that_o subdue_v they_o be_v a_o triumph_n grant_v which_o be_v deny_v to_o pompey_n who_o have_v purge_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n so_o great_a be_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o nation_n though_o corrupt_v and_o a_o company_n of_o man_n combine_v only_o to_o do_v mischief_n iii_o yet_o there_o often_o happen_v a_o change_n yet_o a_o change_n do_v sometime_o happen_v not_o in_o particular_a person_n only_o as_o in_o jephtha_n arsaces_n variatus_fw-la who_o of_o captain_n over_o thief_n and_o robber_n become_v lawful_a commander_n but_o in_o society_n also_o as_o when_o a_o company_n of_o robber_n or_o pirate_n shall_v forsake_v that_o wicked_a kind_n of_o life_n and_o unanimous_o betake_v themselves_o to_o a_o civil_a government_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o mamertine_n st._n augustine_n concern_v robbery_n speak_v thus_o when_o this_o mischief_n by_o the_o concourse_n of_o man_n of_o desperate_a fortune_n grow_v so_o great_a that_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n to_o inhabit_v and_o there_o build_v city_n raise_v fort_n and_o thereby_o be_v able_a to_o subdue_v nation_n than_o it_o assume_v the_o title_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o free_a state_n not_o as_o st._n augustine_n go_v on_o 4._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 4._o c._n 4._o that_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v what_o before_o they_o be_v but_o because_o what_o they_o former_o do_v through_o fear_n and_o therefore_o secret_o they_o now_o do_v with_o boldness_n and_o confidence_n it_o be_v a_o bold_a answer_n that_z diomedes_z the_o pirate_n make_v to_o alexander_n the_o great_a when_o he_o demand_v of_o he_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o so_o trouble_v the_o sea_n for_o the_o same_o say_v he_o that_o thou_o do_v the_o world_n but_o because_o i_o rob_v with_o one_o single_a ship_n i_o be_o call_v a_o pirate_n whereas_o thou_o because_o with_o a_o great_a fleet_n be_v therefore_o style_v a_o emperor_n but_o that_o which_o make_v this_o change_n according_a to_o what_o be_v here_o intend_a be_v not_o so_o much_o their_o impunity_n as_o their_o repentance_n for_o this_o st._n augustine_n require_v that_o desert_v their_o wicked_a course_n they_o live_v together_o under_o some_o wholesome_a law_n according_a unto_o which_o justice_n may_v be_v administer_v as_o well_o to_o stranger_n as_o native_n iv_o a_o solemn_a war_n ought_v to_o be_v between_o such_o as_o have_v sovereign_a power_n who_o they_o be_v that_o have_v sovereign_a power_n we_o have_v already_o show_v from_o whence_o we_o may_v also_o collect_v that_o he_o that_o have_v that_o power_n but_o for_o a_o part_n may_v for_o that_o part_n make_v a_o just_a war_n much_o more_o they_o who_o be_v not_o subject_n but_o confederate_n though_o on_o article_n very_o unequal_a thus_o be_v all_o the_o war_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o confederate_n the_o volscian_n latin_n spaniard_n and_o carthaginian_n just_a though_o their_o confederacy_n be_v make_v on_o very_o unequal_a term_n as_o we_o may_v collect_v out_o of_o history_n v._o a_o solemn_a war_n must_v be_v denounce_v neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_a to_o denominate_v a_o war_n in_o this_o sense_n just_a that_o it_o be_v make_v between_o such_o as_o have_v sovereign_a power_n but_o as_o we_o have_v hear_v before_o it_o must_v be_v public_o declare_v yea_o so_o public_o that_o both_o party_n may_v have_v equal_a knowledge_n thereof_o which_o ennius_n call_v the_o proclaim_n of_o war_n bellum_n infer_v non_fw-la ante_fw-la denuntiatum_fw-la injustum_fw-la est_fw-la to_o make_v war_n before_o it_o be_v denounce_v be_v unjust_a 15._o jos_n ant._n l._n 15._o to_o exercise_v hostility_n without_o denounce_v war_n or_o require_v satisfaction_n be_v not_o do_v like_o a_o christian_a nor_o allowable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o the_o english_a ambassador_n tell_v the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o therefore_o as_o cicero_n well_o observe_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o equity_n of_o a_o war_n 1582._o camd._n eliz._n a_o 1582._o be_v a_o right_a proper_a to_o the_o college_n of_o herald_n which_o be_v among_o the_o roman_n hold_v very_o sacred_a thereby_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o no_o war_n can_v be_v just_a but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v either_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n unjust_o take_v away_o or_o public_o decree_v and_o solemn_o proclaim_v not_o so_o clear_a be_v that_o of_o a_o ancient_a writer_n quote_v by_o isidore_n that_o war_n be_v just_a which_o be_v make_v by_o public_a edict_n either_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o our_o own_o or_o for_o repel_v a_o invade_a enemy_n livy_n describe_v a_o just_a war_n thus_o that_o war_n which_o be_v open_o decree_v by_o public_a edict_n and_o solemn_o denounce_v be_v just_a that_o be_v if_o it_o be_v so_o do_v by_o such_o person_n as_o have_v the_o supreme_a authority_n and_o the_o same_o author_n have_v first_o declare_v that_o the_o epirot_n have_v waste_v the_o territory_n of_o athens_n say_v that_o the_o athenian_n be_v first_o high_o incense_v against_o the_o epirot_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o their_o city_n first_o voluntary_o denounce_v and_o then_o wage_v against_o they_o a_o just_a war._n vi_o wherein_o what_o be_v require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o clear_a understanding_n of_o this_o and_o the_o like_a place_n which_o concern_v the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n we_o must_v accurate_o distinguish_v what_o thing_n be_v due_a by_o the_o strict_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o thing_n be_v honest_a and_o commendable_a though_o not_o by_o nature_n due_a three_o what_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n require_v to_o the_o obtain_n of_o the_o proper_a effect_n of_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n and_o last_o what_o thing_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o peculiar_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o some_o people_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n where_o force_n can_v be_v repel_v but_o by_o force_n and_o where_o punishment_n can_v be_v demand_v but_o of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o offender_n there_o the_o denounce_v of_o war_n be_v needless_a war._n 1._o the_o invader_n may_v be_v repel_v without_o the_o denounce_v of_o war._n sthenelaidas_n in_o thucydides_n plead_v thus_o 1._o thus_o lib._n 1._o non_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la verbis_fw-la &_o judciis_fw-la disceptemus_fw-la ultra_fw-la verba_fw-la laesi_fw-la it_o be_v vain_a to_o contest_v with_o word_n and_o argument_n when_o the_o wrong_n which_o we_o manifest_o sustain_v be_v more_o than_o verbal_a thus_o likewise_o do_v the_o platean_n in_o the_o same_o author_n plead_v 3._o plead_v lib._n 3._o by_o that_o law_n that_o be_v receive_v by_o all_o nation_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o repel_v he_o by_o force_n that_o shall_v invade_v we_o like_o a_o enemy_n so_o flaminius_n in_o diodorus_n peiresianis_fw-la diodorus_n excerp_n peiresianis_fw-la call_v all_o both_o god_n and_o man_n to_o witness_v that_o according_a to_o this_o law_n the_o king_n and_o not_o himself_o be_v the_o aggressor_n and_o if_o so_o then_o as_o latinus_n in_o halicarnassensis_n note_n every_o man_n that_o be_v by_o a_o war_n damnify_v may_v right_v himself_o upon_o he_o that_o begin_v it_o and_o as_o aelian_a out_o of_o plato_n quod_fw-la ad_fw-la propulsandam_fw-la vim_o suscipitur_fw-la bellum_fw-la 1._o lib._n 1._o non_fw-la à _fw-la caduceatore_fw-la sed_fw-la à _fw-la natura_fw-la indicitur_fw-la that_o war_n that_o be_v make_v against_o a_o invader_n need_v
that_o forbid_v it_o yet_o can_v he_o never_o attain_v unto_o that_o perfection_n of_o holiness_n that_o the_o gospel_n seem_v to_o commend_v unto_o we_o so_o for_o a_o believe_a husband_n to_o put_v away_o his_o unbelieve_a wife_n be_v lawful_a as_o st._n augustine_n affirm_v which_o with_o what_o circumstance_n be_v to_o be_v verify_v it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o purpose_n in_o this_o place_n to_o discuss_v but_o yet_o he_o may_v and_o that_o haply_o more_o laudable_o retain_v she_o wherefore_o he_o add_v both_o be_v equal_o lawful_a according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o divine_a justice_n for_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v prohibit_v by_o god_n but_o yet_o both_o be_v not_o equal_o expedient_a ulpian_n concern_v he_o that_o have_v sell_v his_o wine_n and_o covenant_v with_o the_o buyer_n that_o if_o he_o fetch_v it_o not_o by_o such_o a_o day_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o pour_v it_o out_o say_v that_o although_o he_o may_v do_v it_o yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o he_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v commend_v second_o this_o word_n lawful_a may_v be_v take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n although_o it_o consist_v not_o with_o piety_n or_o the_o rule_n of_o morality_n thus_o in_o many_o country_n fornication_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v not_o punishable_a among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o egyptian_n theft_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o quintilian_n we_o read_v that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o though_o not_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n commendable_a yet_o that_o be_v by_o the_o law_n tolerate_v as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n the_o body_n of_o the_o debtor_n may_v the_o divide_a among_o the_o creditor_n all_o which_o though_o in_o themselves_o unfit_a and_o unseemly_a yet_o be_v by_o some_o lawgiver_n permit_v to_o avoid_v great_a inconvenience_n licentia_fw-la plerumque_fw-la est_fw-la tentatio_fw-la disciplinae_fw-la licence_n say_v tertullian_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o the_o touchstone_n of_o discipline_n all_o thing_n say_v s._n paul_n be_v lawful_a but_o all_o thing_n edify_v not_o now_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v somewhat_o improper_a as_o cicero_n testify_v in_o his_o tusculan_n 5._o lib._n 5._o where_o speak_v of_o cinna_n who_o have_v be_v four_o time_n consul_n and_o have_v cause_v divers_a of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o roman_a nobility_n to_o be_v slay_v say_v thus_o shall_v we_o esteem_v this_o man_n happy_a nay_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o think_v he_o miserable_a not_o because_o he_o commit_v these_o thing_n but_o because_o he_o so_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n that_o he_o may_v lawful_o commit_v they_o not_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o sin_n sed_fw-la sermonis_fw-la errore_fw-la labimur_fw-la dum_fw-la id_fw-la licere_fw-la dicimus_fw-la quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la conceditur_fw-la but_o we_o be_v mislead_v through_o the_o common_a error_n of_o speech_n whilst_o we_o pronounce_v that_o lawful_a which_o be_v only_o permit_v injuria_fw-la summum_fw-la jus_o summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la whence_o columella_n conclude_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o prosecute_v our_o revenge_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o what_o we_o may_v for_o extreme_a severity_n be_v too_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o extreme_a cruelty_n yet_o notwithstanding_o though_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v not_o so_o proper_a yet_o be_v it_o among_o the_o roman_n very_o frequent_a as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o same_o cicero_n who_o thus_o bespeak_v the_o judge_n posthumo_fw-la orat._n pro_fw-la rabirio_n posthumo_fw-la quid_fw-la deceat_fw-la vos_fw-la non_fw-la quantum_fw-la liceat_fw-la vobis_fw-la spectare_fw-la debetis_fw-la you_o that_o be_v judge_n ought_v to_o consider_v not_o so_o much_o what_o in_o strictness_n of_o law_n you_o may_v do_v but_o what_o in_o every_o case_n be_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a to_o be_v do_v for_o if_o you_o regard_v your_o own_o power_n only_o you_o may_v put_v to_o death_n even_o who_o you_o will_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o say_v of_o king_n that_o they_o may_v do_v even_o what_o they_o please_v because_o they_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o lash_n of_o humane_a law_n yet_o be_v that_o advice_n which_o claudian_n give_v unto_o his_o prince_n much_o more_o worthy_o to_o be_v by_o all_o prince_n receive_v nec_fw-la tibi_fw-la quid_fw-la liceat_fw-la sed_fw-la quid_fw-la fecisse_fw-la decebit_fw-la occurrat_fw-la resolve_v to_o do_v not_o what_o you_o may_v but_o what_o become_v you_o musonius_n high_o blame_v those_o prince_n who_o study_v more_o their_o own_o prerogative_n 5._o declam_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o than_o the_o good_a of_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o say_v thus_o and_o thus_o i_o can_v do_v rather_o than_o thus_o and_o thus_o i_o ought_v to_o do_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v these_o two_o word_n licet_fw-la and_o oportet_fw-la it_o be_v lawful_a and_o it_o behoove_v place_v sometime_o in_o opposition_n one_o to_o the_o other_o 30._o lib._n 30._o as_o in_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n sunt_fw-la aliqua_fw-la quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la oportet_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la licet_fw-la some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_o we_o may_v do_v they_o so_o in_o pliny_n epistle_n thing_n that_o be_v dishonest_a we_o must_v avoid_v not_o as_o they_o be_v unlawful_a but_o as_o they_o be_v shameful_a and_o as_o cicero_n himself_o affirm_v the_o same_o est_fw-la enim_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la oporteat_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la licet_fw-la balbo_n orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n something_o be_v be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_a and_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o milo_n he_o distinguish_v between_o fas_fw-la and_o licet_fw-la attribute_v to_o the_o former_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a country_n so_o quintilian_n the_o father_n in_o one_o of_o his_o declamation_n tell_v we_o 251._o orat._n 251._o that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o look_v strict_o to_o what_o be_v a_o man_n right_a i._n e._n to_o what_o a_o man_n may_v do_v and_o another_o thing_n to_o respect_n that_o which_o be_v just_a aliud_fw-la est_fw-la spectare_fw-la jura_fw-la aliud_fw-la justitiam_fw-la iii_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a general_o that_o be_v not_o punishable_a in_o this_o sense_n therefore_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o enemy_n to_o hurt_v another_o both_o in_o his_o person_n or_o in_o his_o estate_n it_o be_v lawful_a i_o say_v not_o only_o for_o he_o that_o make_v war_n upon_o a_o just_a ground_n and_o that_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o that_o war_n contain_v himself_o within_o those_o bound_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prescribe_v he_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v but_o for_o both_o party_n and_o that_o without_o distinction_n so_o that_o he_o that_o do_v thus_o injure_v his_o enemy_n though_o he_o be_v apprehend_v in_o another_o prince_n dominion_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o a_o homicide_n or_o as_o a_o thief_n neither_o can_v any_o other_o prince_n for_o this_o only_a cause_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o sallust_n true_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a to_o the_o conqueror_n iu._n why_o such_o effect_n be_v introduce_v now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o licence_n grant_v by_o all_o nation_n be_v this_o because_o when_o two_o nation_n be_v at_o war_n for_o any_o other_o nation_n to_o judge_v where_o the_o right_o be_v have_v be_v dangerous_a for_o by_o that_o mean_n that_o nation_n may_v quick_o be_v entangle_v in_o the_o other_o war_n as_o the_o marseillian_o plead_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n and_o therefore_o they_o confess_v that_o they_o have_v neither_o wisdom_n nor_o power_n sufficient_a to_o determine_v whether_o of_o they_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n beside_o even_o where_o the_o war_n be_v manifest_o just_a it_o be_v a_o very_a nice_a thing_n by_o any_o outward_a token_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v the_o just_a rule_n or_o measure_n either_o of_o defend_v ourselves_o of_o recover_v our_o own_o right_n or_o of_o exact_v punishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n of_o the_o prince_n engage_v to_o determine_v of_o these_o thing_n among_o themselves_o than_o to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o other_o thus_o do_v the_o achaian_n demand_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o what_o have_v former_o be_v act_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n shall_v now_o fall_v into_o debate_n now_o beside_o this_o of_o licence_n and_o impunity_n there_o be_v another_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a and_o solemn_a war_n namely_o
example_n in_o all_o history_n as_o namely_o by_o the_o example_n of_o achilles_n in_o homer_n of_o mago_n and_o turnus_n in_o virgil_n which_o do_v therefore_o stand_v yet_o upon_o record_n to_o justify_v the_o like_a practice_n hereafter_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n for_o st._n augustine_n himself_o commend_v the_o goth_n for_o spare_v suppliant_n 2._o de_fw-fr civit._n dei_fw-la c._n 2._o and_o such_o as_o flee_v unto_o temple_n for_o protection_n yet_o say_v that_o which_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n they_o may_v do_v they_o think_v unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v neither_o be_v they_o always_o receive_v to_o mercy_n that_o beg_v it_o witness_v the_o grecian_n that_o side_v with_o the_o persian_n against_o alexander_n at_o that_o great_a battle_n fight_v at_o the_o river_n granicum_fw-la 12._o ann._n 12._o and_o the_o uspense_v in_o tacitus_n who_o crave_v leave_n but_o to_o depart_v their_o city_n with_o their_o body_n free_a be_v reject_v by_o the_o conqueror_n because_o it_o will_v have_v be_v think_v cruelty_n to_o have_v kill_v they_o in_o cold_a blood_n after_o they_o have_v yield_v themselves_o and_o hard_o to_o keep_v a_o guard_n upon_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n therefore_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o let_v they_o perish_v by_o the_o sword_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arms._n observe_v here_o also_o the_o right_n of_o war._n xii_o yea_o and_o to_o such_o as_o yield_v without_o condition_n neither_o do_v they_o always_o find_v mercy_n that_o surrender_v themselves_o without_o any_o condition_n at_o all_o but_o even_o these_o be_v sometime_o put_v to_o death_n as_o the_o prince_n of_o pomeria_fw-la be_v by_o the_o roman_n the_o samnite_n by_o sylla_n the_o numidian_n yea_o and_o vercingentoriges_n himself_o by_o caesar_n nay_o it_o be_v almost_o the_o perpetual_a practice_n of_o the_o roman_a general_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o their_o triumph_n 1._o dion_n 45._o livy_n 2._o cicero_n in_o ver._n 5._o livy_n lib._n 28._o annal._n 1._o to_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o captain_n and_o other_o commander_n whether_o they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n during_o the_o war_n or_o have_v yield_v themselves_o as_o cicero_n in_o form_n we_o in_o his_o five_o oration_n against_o verres_n which_o both_o livy_n and_o tacitus_n confirm_v nay_o the_o same_o tacitus_n record_v it_o of_o galba_n that_o he_o cause_v the_o ten_o man_n to_o be_v kill_v of_o those_o who_o upon_o submission_n he_o have_v receive_v to_o mercy_n and_o caecina_n upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o aventicum_n cause_v julius_n alpinus_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o be_v the_o principal_a instigator_n of_o the_o war_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o leave_v to_o either_o the_o mercy_n or_o the_o severity_n of_o vitellius_n xiii_o this_o right_a not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o other_o cause_n it_o be_v the_o usual_a custom_n of_o historian_n to_o ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o cruelty_n and_o outrage_n against_o captive_n or_o suppliant_n either_o to_o the_o like_a cruelty_n do_v by_o they_o unto_o other_o or_o to_o their_o obstinacy_n in_o resist_v they_o but_o these_o be_v rather_o pretence_n than_o just_a cause_n for_o retaliation_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v not_o to_o be_v execute_v but_o upon_o the_o same_o person_n that_o offend_v as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v where_o we_o discourse_v concern_v the_o communication_n of_o punishment_n but_o contrariwise_o in_o war_n this_o right_n of_o retaliation_n be_v often_o exercise_v on_o those_o who_o be_v in_o no_o measure_n guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v punish_v this_o custom_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o diodorus_n siculus_n the_o chance_n of_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n equal_a neither_o party_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o that_o in_o case_n they_o be_v vanquish_v what_o they_o intend_v to_o do_v against_o their_o enemy_n have_v they_o be_v victor_n that_o they_o must_v be_v content_v to_o suffer_v from_o they_o thus_o do_v philomelus_n the_o phocensian_a general_n persuade_v his_o enemy_n to_o refrain_v from_o a_o proud_a and_o insolent_a revenge_n by_o threaten_v to_o exact_v the_o like_a in_o case_n the_o victory_n fall_v on_o his_o side_n but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o pretence_n which_o be_v usual_o plead_v namely_o a_o obstinate_a endeavour_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o party_n 1._o goth._n l._n 1._o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o crime_n as_o the_o neapolitan_n allege_v to_o belisarius_n in_o procopius_n that_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a discipline_n it_o be_v ever_o account_v a_o capital_a crime_n to_o do_v otherwise_o especial_o if_o we_o be_v engage_v therein_o either_o by_o some_o natural_a obligation_n or_o by_o a_o honest_a and_o deliberate_a choice_n for_o in_o these_o case_n they_o seldom_o admit_v of_o any_o excuse_n be_v the_o fear_n or_o danger_n never_o so_o great_a 24._o polyb._n l._n 1._o &_o 5._o liv._o lib._n 24._o praesidio_fw-la decedere_fw-la apud_fw-la romanos_fw-la capital_fw-it est_fw-la to_o desert_n a_o garrison_n say_v livy_n be_v ever_o account_v among_o the_o roman_n a_o capital_a crime_n every_o man_n therefore_o may_v make_v use_n of_o this_o rigour_n and_o severity_n so_o far_o as_o he_o see_v it_o may_v conduce_v to_o his_o own_o advantage_n and_o be_v therein_o justify_v before_o man_n by_o that_o common_a right_n and_o licence_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o here_o treat_v fourteen_o it_o extend_v also_o to_o hostage_n this_o right_a or_o licence_n do_v sometime_o extend_v itself_o to_o hostage_n and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o those_o who_o voluntary_o give_v themselves_o as_o pledge_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o article_n agree_v upon_o but_o unto_o those_o also_o who_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o other_o thus_o we_o read_v of_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o hostage_n slay_v by_o the_o thessalian_n and_o of_o three_o hundred_o slay_v by_o the_o roman_n 4._o plut._n de_fw-fr claris_fw-la mulierib_n diony_n 16._o tac._n an._n 12._o 1_o mac._n 13.17_o hist_o 4._o where_o also_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o sometime_o child_n be_v admit_v as_o hostage_n as_o by_o the_o example_n of_o simon_n the_o maccabite_n we_o may_v learn_v and_o sometime_o woman_n as_o by_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o porsenna_n and_o by_o the_o german_n in_o tacitus_n xv._o to_o kill_v by_o poison_n unlawful_a as_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o this_o sense_n that_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prohibit_v so_o be_v there_o many_o thing_n forbid_v by_o the_o former_a which_o by_o the_o latter_a be_v tolerate_v for_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o if_o a_o man_n have_v deserve_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o the_o sword_n or_o by_o poison_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o say_v though_o otherwise_o it_o be_v far_o more_o noble_a so_o to_o invade_v another_o man_n life_n as_o to_o give_v he_o a_o equal_a power_n to_o defend_v himself_o but_o this_o be_v not_o due_a unto_o every_o man_n that_o have_v deserve_v to_o die_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n if_o not_o of_o all_o yet_o of_o the_o great_a and_o better_a part_n of_o they_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n no_o not_o of_o a_o enemy_n by_o poison_n which_o custom_n be_v introduce_v for_o a_o general_a good_a lest_o danger_n which_o be_v too_o rife_a and_o frequent_a in_o war_n shall_v be_v beyond_o all_o measure_n multiply_v and_o very_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n be_v first_o enact_v by_o king_n and_o emperor_n who_o life_n as_o they_o be_v principal_o guard_v by_o arm_n so_o be_v they_o most_o easy_o endanger_v by_o poison_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o sear_n of_o infamy_n 42._o lib._n 42._o this_o livy_n call_v a_o clandestine_v villainy_n speak_v of_o pyrrhus_n and_o claudian_n concern_v the_o design_n of_o pyrrhus_n physician_n who_o offer_v fabritius_n to_o poison_v he_o call_v it_o a_o detestable_a act_n 3._o offic._n l._n 3._o not_o fit_a to_o be_v speak_v so_o do_v cicero_n glance_v at_o the_o same_o story_n which_o offer_v of_o the_o physician_n the_o consul_n not_o only_o reject_v but_o discover_v unto_o pyrrhus_n not_o so_o much_o for_o his_o sake_n as_o to_o prevent_v the_o reproach_n and_o scandal_n that_o may_v ensue_v to_o themselves_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v of_o they_o that_o who_o they_o can_v not_o conquer_v by_o true_a valour_n they_o have_v by_o treachery_n destroy_v pyrrhi_n plut._n vit_fw-mi pyrrhi_n or_o as_o aulus_n gellius_n recite_v the_o epistle_n of_o the_o consul_n out_o of_o claudius_n quadrigarius_n communis_fw-la exempli_fw-la &_o fidei_fw-la ergo_fw-la visum_fw-la est_fw-la we_o think_v it_o
great_a or_o small_a there_o be_v no_o change_n of_o dominion_n but_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o judge_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o right_n over_o captive_n take_v in_o war._n i._o that_o captive_n take_v in_o a_o solemn_a war_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n slave_n ii_o yea_o and_o their_o posterity_n iii_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v unto_o they_o be_v unpunishable_a iv_o even_o the_o incorporeal_a thing_n that_o belong_v to_o captive_n may_v be_v acquire_v by_o war._n v._o the_o cause_n why_o this_o be_v ordain_v vi_o whether_o captive_n may_v make_v their_o escape_n vii_o or_o resist_v their_o lord_n viii_o that_o this_o right_n be_v not_o allow_v in_o all_o nation_n ix_o nor_o now_o among_o christian_n and_o what_o succeed_v in_o its_o room_n i_o captive_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n natural_o slave_n there_o be_v no_o man_n by_o nature_n servant_n to_o another_o that_o be_v no_o man_n in_o his_o primitive_a state_n or_o condition_n consider_v without_o any_o fact_n do_v by_o himself_o whereby_o his_o natural_a liberty_n be_v impeach_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 11._o show_v videlib_n 2._o ch_z 22._o §._o 11._o in_o which_o sense_n our_o lawyer_n may_v be_v understand_v when_o they_o say_v that_o to_o be_v another_o man_n slave_n be_v against_o nature_n but_o that_o this_o kind_n of_o slavery_n may_v at_o first_o be_v introduce_v by_o some_o fact_n do_v namely_o by_o some_o voluntary_a agreement_n or_o for_o some_o crime_n commit_v be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o natural_a justice_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o also_o show_v but_o by_o that_o law_n of_o nation_n 27._o book_n 2._o ch_z 5._o §._o 27._o whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v the_o word_n servitude_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n both_o as_o to_o person_n and_o as_o to_o its_o effect_n for_o as_o to_o the_o person_n not_o only_o they_o that_o surrender_v themselves_o to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o conqueror_n or_o that_o oblige_v themselves_o by_o promise_n so_o to_o do_v but_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v take_v in_o a_o solemn_a war_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v bring_v within_o our_o garrison_n be_v altogether_o account_v captive_n or_o slave_n as_o pomponius_n have_v well_o observe_v neither_o be_v it_o to_o any_o purpose_n to_o plead_v that_o they_o never_o bear_v arm_n against_o we_o nor_o declare_v themselves_o enemy_n by_o any_o hostile_a act_n see_v that_o in_o this_o case_n par_fw-fr est_fw-la omnium_fw-la fortuna_fw-la every_o man_n condition_n be_v alike_o yea_o even_o the_o condition_n of_o those_o who_o by_o mere_a fate_n happen_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o enemy_n territory_n at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o war_n unexspected_o break_v forth_o 2._o lib._n 2._o polybius_n speak_v of_o captive_n take_v in_o actual_a arm_n put_v the_o question_n thus_o quid_fw-la patiendum_fw-la est_fw-la his_fw-la ut_fw-la justa_fw-la supplicia_fw-la pendent_a what_o must_v these_o man_n suffer_v that_o their_o punishment_n may_v be_v just_a if_o any_o man_n say_v they_o may_v be_v sell_v with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n he_o answer_v at_o haec_fw-la belli_fw-la lege_fw-la etiam_fw-la illis_fw-la ferenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la qui_fw-la nihil_fw-la impii_fw-la commiserunt_fw-la but_o so_o say_v he_o may_v they_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n who_o never_o do_v we_o hurt_v philo_n note_v the_o very_a same_o where_o he_o say_v that_o many_o good_a man_n lose_v their_o natural_a liberty_n by_o occasion_n that_o be_v involuntary_a and_o mere_o accidental_a dion_z prusaeense_n recount_v the_o several_a way_n whereby_o a_o man_n may_v get_v dominion_n assign_v this_o as_o the_o three_o when_o a_o man_n have_v take_v a_o prisoner_n in_o time_n of_o war_n that_o never_o do_v any_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n make_v he_o his_o slave_n 2._o oppianus_n de_fw-fr piscatu_fw-la l._n 2._o so_o child_n be_v take_v in_o war_n may_v be_v lead_v away_o and_o make_v slave_n servius_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o virgil_n aenead_n speak_v of_o hesione_n the_o daughter_n of_o laomedon_n who_o hercules_n slay_v as_o he_o be_v go_v out_o of_o troy_n say_v that_o she_o be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n and_o give_v to_o telemon_n hercules_n his_o companion_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o grecian_n refuse_v to_o deliver_v she_o back_o to_o the_o trojan_n say_v she_o be_v a_o prisoner_n of_o war._n ii_o yea_o and_o there_o posterity_n neither_o be_v the_o person_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n only_o thus_o take_v make_v slave_n but_o their_o posterity_n for_o ever_o for_o whosoever_o be_v bear_v of_o a_o woman_n after_o her_o captivity_n be_v a_o slave_n bear_v for_o partus_fw-la sequetur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la the_o child_n will_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n martianus_n account_v all_o those_o for_o slave_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n who_o be_v bear_v of_o bondwoman_n and_o tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o wife_n of_o arminius_n a_o german_a prince_n who_o have_v be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o germanicus_n say_v that_o she_o have_v utrum_fw-la servitio_fw-la subjectum_fw-la meaning_n that_o whatsoever_o child_n be_v bear_v of_o she_o be_v bondslave_n iii_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v unto_o such_o be_v unpunishable_a the_o effect_n and_o consequence_n of_o this_o right_n be_v infinite_a so_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o unlawful_a but_o the_o lord_n may_v do_v it_o to_o his_o slave_n as_o seneca_n the_o father_n note_n 5._o note_n 1._o controu._n 5._o there_o be_v no_o torment_n but_o what_o may_v with_o impunity_n be_v impose_v on_o they_o nothing_o to_o be_v do_v but_o what_o they_o may_v be_v force_v to_o do_v by_o all_o manner_n of_o rigour_n and_o severity_n so_o that_o all_o kind_n of_o cruelty_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n without_o control_n or_o appeal_v be_v exercise_v upon_o captive_n be_v it_o not_o that_o this_o licence_n be_v somewhat_o restrain_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v universal_o indulge_v by_o all_o nation_n to_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o his_o slave_n say_v cajus_n the_o lawyer_n but_o he_o tell_v we_o withal_o that_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v limit_v otherwise_o unbridled_a power_n within_o their_o own_o territory_n quid_fw-la non_fw-la iustum_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o servum_fw-la what_o may_v not_o the_o lord_n do_v unto_o his_o slave_n say_v donatus_n upon_o terence_n yea_o 1._o andr._n act_n 1_o scen._n 1._o not_o only_o the_o person_n but_o all_o that_o be_v take_v with_o he_o be_v lawful_a prize_n ipse_fw-la servus_n qui_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la alterius_fw-la est_fw-la nihil_fw-la suum_fw-la potest_fw-la habere_fw-la he_o that_o be_v a_o slave_n say_v justinian_n esse_fw-la libro_fw-la omnem_fw-la virum_fw-la bonum_fw-la liberum_fw-la esse_fw-la and_o under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o can_v have_v right_a to_o nothing_o that_o be_v he_o before_o so_o likewise_o philo_n he_o that_o be_v a_o captive_n lose_v his_o right_n to_o all_o other_o thing_n no_o less_o than_o the_o power_n over_o himself_o iv_o even_o the_o thing_n incorporeal_a of_o the_o slave_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o lord_n hence_o then_o their_o opinion_n may_v be_v confute_v or_o at_o least_o restrain_v who_o hold_v that_o thing_n incorporeal_a can_v by_v the_o law_n of_o arm_n be_v acquire_v 2._o acquire_v lib._n 6._o cap._n 9_o 2._o val._n maximus_n record_v it_o of_o scipio_n nasica_n that_o whereas_o be_v consul_n he_o be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o carthaginian_n at_o lipara_n and_o so_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n have_v lose_v all_o yet_o fortune_n afterward_o smile_v upon_o he_o he_o recover_v all_o and_o be_v again_o create_v consul_n it_o be_v true_a that_o primary_o and_o by_o itself_o thing_n incorporeal_a can_v by_v war_n be_v gain_v but_o they_o may_v be_v lose_v as_o to_o the_o person_n who_o they_o former_o be_v but_o yet_o we_o must_v here_o except_v all_o thing_n that_o do_v proceed_v from_o some_o singular_a propriety_n in_o the_o person_n take_v which_o by_o no_o mean_n can_v be_v alienate_v as_o the_o right_n of_o a_o father_n to_o his_o son_n for_o such_o right_n if_o they_o do_v not_o remain_v with_o the_o person_n be_v altogether_o extinct_a v._o the_o reason_n why_o this_o institute_v now_o all_o this_o unlimited_a power_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n grant_v for_o no_o other_o cause_o than_o that_o the_o conqueror_n be_v allure_v by_o so_o many_o advantage_n may_v be_v willing_a to_o forbear_v that_o utmost_a cruelty_n which_o they_o may_v lawful_o use_v by_o kill_v their_o captive_n either_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o fight_n or_o afterward_o in_o cold_a blood_n the_o name_n of_o servant_n as_o pomponius_n tell_v we_o do_v at_o first_o arise_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o general_n who_o sell_v their_o captive_n and_o thereby_o preserve_v they_o from_o be_v slay_v servi_n quasi_fw-la servati_fw-la
that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o willing_a to_o forbear_v i_o say_v for_o it_o be_v no_o bargain_n or_o agreement_n whereby_o they_o stand_v oblige_v to_o save_v they_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o a_o persuasive_a argument_n draw_v from_o profit_n it_o be_v far_o more_o beneficial_a to_o the_o conqueror_n to_o sell_v his_o prisoner_n then_o to_o kill_v he_o and_o therefore_o he_o have_v the_o same_o power_n to_o transfer_v his_o right_n in_o his_o captive_n to_o another_o as_o he_o have_v to_o assign_v over_o unto_o other_o the_o right_n and_o property_n he_o have_v in_o any_o of_o his_o own_o good_n or_o chattel_n this_o power_n be_v also_o extend_v to_o the_o child_n that_o be_v bear_v after_o captivity_n because_o if_o the_o conqueror_n have_v use_v his_o power_n to_o the_o utmost_a they_o have_v not_o be_v bear_v from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o child_n that_o be_v bear_v before_o that_o captivity_n in_o case_n he_o be_v not_o take_v prisoner_n remain_v free_a therefore_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o child_n bear_v of_o such_o captive_n follow_v the_o mother_n condition_n because_o their_o chastity_n be_v not_o provide_v for_o by_o any_o law_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o strait_a guard_n keep_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o no_o presumption_n how_o great_a soever_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v who_o be_v the_o father_n and_o thus_o be_v that_o of_o ulpian_n to_o be_v understand_v lex_fw-la naturae_fw-la haec_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la qui_fw-la nascitur_fw-la sine_fw-la legitimo_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la matrem_fw-la sequatur_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v this_o that_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v without_o lawful_a marriage_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n that_o be_v general_n custom_n ground_v on_o some_o natural_a reason_n have_v mould_v this_o into_o a_o law_n 26._o law_n see_v second_o book_n ch_n 13._o §._o 26._o abusive_o sometime_o so_o take_v as_o we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o show_v they_o that_o be_v bear_v out_o of_o wedlock_n shall_v retain_v the_o name_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o mother_n and_o not_o of_o the_o father_n because_o of_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o other_o but_o that_o this_o unlimited_a power_n over_o captive_n be_v not_o introduce_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o nation_n in_o vain_a we_o may_v collect_v from_o the_o usual_a practice_n of_o civil_a war_n wherein_o all_o prisoner_n be_v common_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n because_o they_o can_v be_v sell_v for_o slave_n tertio_fw-la lib._n hist_o secundo_fw-la &_o tertio_fw-la which_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o otho_n and_o by_o tacitus_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o captive_n take_v at_o cremona_n say_v irritam_fw-la praedam_fw-la militibus_fw-la fecerat_fw-la consensus_fw-la italiae_fw-la that_o it_o be_v agree_v throughout_o all_o italy_n that_o no_o quarter_n shall_v be_v give_v whereby_o no_o booty_n come_v to_o the_o soldier_n by_o the_o sale_n of_o prisoner_n moreover_o whether_o the_o prisoner_n take_v shall_v belong_v to_o the_o people_n or_o to_o they_o that_o take_v they_o must_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o spoil_n be_v determine_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v in_o this_o case_n equal_v the_o condition_n of_o man_n with_o good_n so_o cajus_n the_o lawyer_n those_o thing_n that_o be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o that_o take_v they_o so_o that_o even_o such_o as_o be_v free_a man_n be_v by_o this_o law_n reduce_v into_o bondage_n vi_o whether_o such_o as_o be_v take_v may_v fly_v neither_o can_v i_o concur_v in_o opinion_n with_o those_o divine_n who_o hold_n that_o captive_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n or_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v of_o they_o be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n not_o to_o make_v their_o escape_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o their_o own_o garrison_n for_o herein_o i_o believe_v they_o err_v sure_o in_o this_o lie_v the_o difference_n if_o they_o can_v fly_v and_o make_v it_o good_a to_o their_o own_o garrison_n whilst_o the_o war_n last_v 28._o see_v chap._n 9_o of_o this_o book_n §_o .._o 5_o 6._o plin._n nat._n hist_o lib._n 7._o c._n 28._o by_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n they_o recover_v their_o liberty_n and_o all_o thing_n consequent_a to_o it_o of_o m._n sergius_n pliny_n report_v that_o be_v twice_o take_v by_o hannibal_n he_o both_o time_n make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o his_o chain_n but_o in_o case_n they_o make_v their_o escape_n to_o other_o or_o unto_o their_o own_o country_n after_o the_o peace_n make_v be_v redemanded_n they_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v but_o yet_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o the_o captive_n themselves_z be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o return_v for_o there_o be_v many_o law_n which_o bound_v only_o as_o to_o the_o outward_a judgement_n which_o do_v not_o at_o all_o restrain_v the_o conscience_n and_o such_o be_v these_o of_o war_n whereof_o we_o now_o discourse_v neither_o be_v it_o much_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o dominion_n do_v of_o itself_o induce_v such_o a_o obligation_n because_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o dominion_n possible_a it_o be_v that_o such_o there_o be_v as_o be_v of_o force_n only_o in_o humane_a judgement_n and_o so_o long_o only_o as_o the_o coercive_a power_n last_v which_o be_v frequent_o see_v in_o other_o kind_n of_o right_n such_o in_o some_o sort_n also_o be_v that_o law_n that_o make_v void_a some_o testament_n because_o forsooth_o they_o want_v some_o formality_n which_o the_o civil_a law_n require_v whereas_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o what_o be_v bequeath_v by_o such_o a_o testament_n may_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n be_v retain_v so_o long_o at_o least_o as_o nothing_o appear_v to_o contradict_v it_o and_o not_o much_o different_a be_v his_o right_n who_o have_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n unfaithful_o prescribe_v to_o another_o estate_n for_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o law_n even_o this_o man_n title_n shall_v be_v defend_v until_o it_o be_v make_v void_a by_o another_o sentence_n of_o the_o same_o law_n and_o thus_o be_v that_o riddle_n of_o aristotle_n resolve_v be_v it_o not_o just_a say_v he_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o own_o 5._o lib._n 2._o the_o cavillat_n c._n 5._o but_o whatsoever_o the_o judge_n have_v according_a to_o his_o understanding_n decree_v be_v by_o law_n confirm_v though_o in_o itself_o it_o be_v faâ—se_a therefore_o will_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v both_o just_a and_o unjust_a but_o in_o this_o question_n of_o we_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n imaginable_a why_o the_o nation_n shall_v respect_v any_o other_o right_o than_o that_o which_o be_v external_a and_o mere_o humane_a for_o the_o right_n of_o lay_v claim_n to_o a_o captive_n of_o force_v he_o of_o bind_v he_o and_o possess_v what_o he_o have_v or_o can_v do_v be_v of_o itself_o motive_n sufficient_a to_o persuade_v the_o conqueror_n that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o alive_a than_o to_o kill_v they_o but_o in_o case_n this_o can_v move_v the_o conqueror_n sure_o no_o obligation_n that_o can_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o conscience_n can_v do_v it_o which_o notwithstanding_o he_o may_v impose_v by_o require_v either_o his_o verbal_a or_o sacramental_a engagement_n if_o he_o think_v it_o necessary_a yet_o if_o the_o captive_n can_v make_v a_o escape_n and_o carry_v with_o he_o some_o good_n 10._o bemb_v lib._n 10._o his_o conscience_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o theft_n so_o as_o he_o carry_v away_o nothing_o but_o what_o be_v before_o his_o own_o in_o such_o law_n as_o arise_v not_o out_o of_o natural_a equity_n but_o be_v purposely_o make_v to_o avoid_v a_o great_a mischief_n we_o must_v not_o rash_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o interpretation_n as_o make_v that_o act_n to_o be_v sinful_a which_o be_v otherwise_o lawful_a nihil_fw-la interest_n quomodo_fw-la captivus_fw-la reversus_fw-la est_fw-la utrum_fw-la dimissus_fw-la ☜_o ☜_o a_o vi_o aut_fw-la fallacia_fw-la potestatem_fw-la hostium_fw-la evaserit_fw-la it_o matter_n not_o much_o say_v florentinus_n which_o way_n a_o captive_n get_v loose_a from_o his_o enemy_n whether_o he_o be_v free_o dismiss_v or_o make_v his_o escape_n either_o by_o force_n or_o fallacy_n because_o the_o right_n of_o hold_v a_o man_n captive_n be_v so_o a_o right_n that_o in_o another_o sense_n it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o injury_n for_o which_o reason_n paulus_n the_o lawyer_n call_v it_o a_o right_a as_o to_o some_o certain_a effect_n but_o a_o injury_n as_o to_o the_o intrinsic_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o from_o whence_o this_o also_o appear_v that_o a_o man_n be_v take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n and_o bring_v within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o
enemy_n can_v in_o his_o conscience_n be_v guilty_a of_o theft_n though_o he_o do_v as_o i_o say_v before_o carry_v away_o with_o he_o somewhat_o that_o be_v his_o own_o or_o though_o not_o his_o own_o yet_o that_o be_v due_a unto_o he_o as_o the_o reward_n of_o his_o labour_n if_o at_o least_o he_o have_v reserve_v any_o thing_n beside_o his_o sustenance_n provide_v that_o he_o himself_o owe_v nothing_o unto_o either_o his_o lord_n or_o he_o from_o who_o his_o lord_n claim_v his_o right_n unto_o he_o pertinent_a hereunto_o be_v those_o testimony_n of_o irenaeus_n and_o tertullian_n concern_v the_o departure_n of_o the_o israelite_n out_o of_o egypt_n and_o their_o carry_v away_o their_o good_n with_o they_o 2._o see_v the_o second_o book_n seven_o chap._n §._o 2._o which_o fact_n irenaeus_n seem_v to_o defend_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v but_o the_o recompense_n of_o so_o many_o year_n hard_a labour_n for_o say_v he_o the_o egyptian_n be_v indebt_v unto_o the_o hebrew_n not_o only_o for_o their_o good_n but_o for_o their_o life_n tertullian_n also_o handle_v the_o same_o subject_n speak_v thus_o the_o egyptian_n demand_v of_o the_o hebrew_n their_o vessel_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n martion_n lib._n 2._o cont._n martion_n the_o hebrew_n on_o the_o other_o side_n allege_v that_o the_o egyptian_n owe_v they_o much_o more_o as_o due_a unto_o they_o for_o their_o long_a and_o hard_a service_n thus_o also_o philo_n plead_v for_o his_o own_o country_n man_n mosis_fw-la vita_fw-la mosis_fw-la that_o they_o spoil_v not_o the_o egyptian_n out_o of_o covetousness_n but_o first_o as_o the_o reward_n of_o their_o long_a labour_n and_o then_o as_o a_o gentle_a mulct_n or_o punishment_n far_o inferior_a to_o their_o great_a oppression_n neither_o be_v it_o much_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o such_o a_o escape_n and_o take_v away_o of_o good_n be_v usual_o severe_o punish_v if_o the_o prisoner_n be_v apprehend_v because_o such_o and_o far_o great_a act_n of_o injustice_n be_v usual_o do_v by_o man_n of_o power_n against_o their_o inferior_n non_fw-la quia_fw-la aequa_fw-la sunt_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la ipsis_fw-la expedit_fw-la not_o because_o they_o be_v just_a and_o equitable_a but_o because_o they_o be_v for_o themselves_o expedient_a now_o whereas_o some_o canon_n do_v prohibit_v any_o man_n from_o persuade_v any_o servant_n to_o forsake_v his_o master_n service_n i_o answer_v end_n synod_n gangr_n see_v second_o book_n 5._o chap._n towards_o the_o end_n that_o in_o case_n such_o prohibition_n be_v refer_v to_o such_o servant_n as_o be_v deserve_o punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o liberty_n or_o have_v by_o some_o voluntary_a covenant_n or_o bargain_n make_v themselves_o servant_n than_o it_o be_v just_a but_o in_o case_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o such_o as_o be_v make_v slave_n by_o the_o misfortune_n of_o a_o unjust_a war_n or_o to_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v of_o they_o it_o only_o argue_v that_o christian_n ought_v to_o persuade_v christian_n to_o patience_n and_o sufferance_n rather_o than_o to_o such_o course_n which_o though_o lawful_a yet_o may_v give_v offence_n unto_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v those_o admonition_n of_o the_o apostle_n to_o servant_n to_o be_v understand_v unless_o we_o have_v rather_o say_v that_o those_o admonition_n seem_v only_o to_o persuade_v servant_n to_o strict_a obedience_n whilst_o they_o do_v serve_v which_o indeed_o be_v but_o consonant_a to_o natural_a equity_n for_o their_o labour_n be_v but_o equivalent_a to_o their_o sustenance_n vii_o whether_o they_o may_v resist_v their_o lord_n but_o whereas_o the_o same_o divine_n hold_v that_o a_o captive_n ought_v not_o to_o resist_v his_o lord_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o that_o external_a power_n that_o he_o have_v over_o he_o without_o injustice_n therein_o i_o agree_v with_o they_o but_o yet_o between_o those_o thing_n which_o before_o i_o deny_v and_o this_o that_o i_o here_o assert_v there_o be_v this_o manifest_a difference_n that_o external_a right_n which_o a_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o slave_n which_o consist_v not_o in_o a_o bare_a licence_n of_o do_v what_o he_o please_v to_o he_o but_o in_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n for_o do_v it_o be_v altogether_o vain_a if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o resist_v it_o for_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o servant_n by_o force_n to_o resist_v his_o lord_n or_o master_n it_o will_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o same_o servant_n to_o resist_v the_o magistrate_n that_o defend_v his_o master_n see_v that_o it_o be_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o that_o magistrate_n ought_v to_o defend_v the_o lord_n in_o that_o right_n and_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o this_o right_a therefore_o be_v like_a unto_o that_o which_o we_o nave_n elsewhere_o grant_v unto_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n in_o every_o city_n who_o forcible_o to_o resist_v be_v unlawful_a nay_o impious_a and_o therefore_o st_n augustine_n unite_v these_o two_o power_n say_v that_o subject_n shall_v so_o bear_v with_o their_o prince_n and_o servant_n with_o their_o master_n that_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o patience_n they_o may_v preserve_v their_o temporal_a estate_n and_o hope_v after_o eternal_a viii_o this_n not_o in_o force_n in_o all_o nation_n but_o this_o also_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o even_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o to_o captive_n have_v not_o at_o all_o time_n nor_o among_o all_o nation_n be_v receive_v though_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n be_v please_v so_o to_o understand_v it_o take_v perhaps_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o country_n which_o be_v then_o most_o know_v to_o they_o for_o the_o universal_a custom_n of_o all_o nation_n among_o the_o hebrew_n who_o do_v at_o little_a mix_v their_o custom_n with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n as_o they_o do_v themselves_o in_o marriage_n there_o be_v place_n of_o refuge_n for_o slave_n 23.15_o deut._n 23.15_o namely_o for_o such_o as_o become_v such_o by_o fate_n or_o misfortune_n rather_o than_o by_o any_o fault_n of_o their_o own_o whereupon_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v that_o privilege_n which_o among_o the_o franc_n be_v give_v unto_o slave_n to_o proclaim_v themselves_o at_o liberty_n 5._o bod._n de_fw-fr rep_n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o which_o be_v also_o now_o indulge_v not_o only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v take_v in_o the_o war_n but_o to_o all_o other_o slave_n whatsoever_o ix_o nor_o now_o among_o christian_n and_o what_o be_v introduce_v in_o its_o stead_n but_o even_o among_o christian_n it_o be_v universal_o agree_v that_o be_v at_o war_n among_o themselves_o they_o that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n be_v not_o make_v slave_n so_o as_o to_o sell_v they_o or_o to_o enforce_v they_o to_o servile_a office_n or_o to_o impose_v upon_o they_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o usual_o do_v on_o slave_n and_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o for_o they_o either_o be_v or_o at_o least_o shall_v be_v better_o instruct_v in_o the_o principle_n of_o christian_a charity_n than_o not_o to_o abstain_v from_o the_o shed_v the_o blood_n of_o those_o who_o misfortune_n only_o have_v make_v miserable_a unless_o it_o be_v grant_v they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v permit_v to_o use_v a_o little_a less_o cruelty_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n general_o receive_v among_o nation_n of_o the_o same_o religion_n that_o what_o good_n or_o chattel_n soever_o be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v lawful_a prize_n and_o for_o man_n take_v in_o war_n they_o neither_o make_v they_o slave_n nor_o kill_v they_o in_o cold_a blood_n as_o gregoras_n testify_v 4._o lib._n 4._o boërius_n also_o make_v mention_n of_o this_o custom_n whereunto_o he_o add_v that_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o france_n in_o england_n and_o in_o spain_n that_o in_o case_n a_o duke_n a_o baron_n or_o a_o earl_n be_v take_v in_o war_n they_o be_v not_o their_o prisoner_n that_o take_v they_o but_o the_o prince_n that_o maintain_v the_o war._n and_o this_o at_o least_o though_o but_o a_o small_a matter_n have_v christian_a religion_n bring_v to_o perfection_n 5._o plat._n de_fw-fr rep_n lib._n 5._o which_o socrates_n attempt_v to_o have_v do_v among_o the_o grecian_n but_o can_v not_o the_o same_o custom_n which_o christian_n observe_v among_o themselves_o do_v the_o mahometans_n likewise_o observe_v among_o themselves_o yet_o notwithstanding_o even_o among_o christian_n this_o custom_n still_o remain_v entire_a that_o such_o as_o be_v take_v in_o the_o war_n be_v keep_v in_o safe_a custody_n till_o their_o ransom_n be_v pay_v which_o common_o be_v set_v as_o the_o conqueror_n please_v unless_o otherwise_o agree_v before_o hand_n which_o right_o of_o keep_v prisoner_n be_v usual_o grant_v to_o those_o that_o take_v they_o unless_o they_o be_v person_n of_o honour_n who_o be_v always_o keep_v and_o maintain_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o of_o the_o
say_v of_o particular_a person_n may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o city_n and_o people_n that_o if_o they_o be_v free_a they_o may_v recover_v their_o freedom_n if_o the_o power_n of_o their_o friend_n and_o associate_n be_v able_a by_o force_n of_o aâ—ms_n to_o release_v they_o from_o the_o power_n of_o their_o enemy_n but_o if_o the_o very_a body_n of_o the_o people_n that_o constitute_v that_o city_n be_v dissolve_v i_o believe_v that_o they_o that_o succeed_v be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v the_o same_o people_n neither_o be_v those_o thing_n that_o former_o belong_v to_o that_o city_n to_o be_v restore_v unto_o they_o by_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n because_o a_o nation_n like_o a_o ship_n by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o its_o part_n do_v absolute_o perish_v for_o that_o its_o whole_a nature_n consist_v in_o the_o perpetual_a conjunction_n of_o all_o its_o member_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o city_n of_o saguntum_n though_o the_o place_n where_o it_o former_o stand_v be_v restore_v unto_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n eight_o year_n after_o its_o dissolution_n neither_o be_v thebes_n the_o same_o city_n after_o that_o alexander_n have_v sell_v the_o citizen_n for_o slave_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o what_o the_o thessalian_n owe_v unto_o the_o theban_n before_o such_o dissolution_n can_v not_o just_o be_v claim_v by_o those_o theban_n by_o postliminy_n and_o that_o for_o a_o double_a reason_n first_o because_o they_o be_v then_o a_o new_a people_n second_o because_o alexander_n whilst_o he_o be_v lord_n over_o they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o alienate_v that_o right_n and_o according_o have_v do_v it_o and_o last_o a_o debt_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o those_o thing_n which_o return_v by_o postliminy_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o what_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v city_n be_v that_o which_o the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n conclude_v of_o marriage_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v by_o captivity_n dissolve_v neither_o can_v they_o be_v restore_v by_o postliminy_n but_o must_v be_v redintigrate_v by_o the_o first_o consent_n of_o both_o party_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o among_o christian_n witness_v that_o of_o pope_n leo_n unto_o nicetas_n bishop_n of_o aquileia_n concern_v such_o marriage_n namely_o that_o as_o in_o slave_n or_o field_n or_o even_o in_o house_n and_o possession_n the_o right_a and_o title_n of_o they_o be_v preserve_v for_o those_o that_o be_v captive_n in_o case_n they_o shall_v return_v out_o of_o captivity_n so_o also_o in_o wedlock_n if_o either_o party_n be_v marry_v to_o another_o let_v they_o be_v reform_v see_v what_o hincmar_n have_v write_v to_o this_o purpose_n in_o his_o tract_n concern_v the_o divorce_n of_o lotharius_n and_o terberga_n to_o the_o thirteen_o interrogatory_n and_o the_o answer_n of_o pope_n stephen_n in_o the_o second_o tome_n and_o nineteenth_o chapter_n of_o the_o council_n of_o france_n x._o to_o those_o that_o return_v what_o right_n arise_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o understand_v what_o manner_n of_o right_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n postliminy_n give_v to_o free_a man_n moreover_o this_o very_a same_o right_n may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o far_o as_o it_o belong_v to_o thing_n agitate_a within_o the_o city_n be_v both_o restrain_v by_o add_v some_o exception_n or_o condition_n and_o also_o enlarge_v unto_o other_o profit_n and_o advantage_n as_o occasion_n serve_v as_o by_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n fugitive_n be_v exempt_v out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o this_o right_n so_o be_v also_o the_o son_n of_o a_o family_n over_o who_o the_o father_n be_v conceive_v not_o to_o have_v lose_v that_o paternal_a power_n and_o authority_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o for_o this_o reason_n as_o paulus_n observe_v because_o to_o roman_a parent_n their_o military_a discipline_n be_v ever_o dear_a than_o their_o own_o child_n whereunto_o agree_v that_o which_o cicero_n record_v of_o manlius_n that_o he_o strict_o uphold_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n though_o to_o his_o own_o grief_n that_o so_o he_o may_v the_o better_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o city_n wherein_o be_v also_o bind_v up_o his_o own_o which_o make_v he_o prefer_v the_o sovereign_n right_o of_o majesty_n which_o be_v then_o in_o himself_o before_o the_o bond_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o tenderness_n of_o a_o father_n towards_o his_o own_o son_n again_o some_o diminution_n of_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n be_v that_o which_o be_v ordain_v first_o by_o the_o athenian_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o roman_n namely_o ut_fw-la qui_fw-la redemptus_fw-la est_fw-la ab_fw-la hostibus_fw-la redemptori_fw-la serviat_fw-la donec_fw-la pretium_fw-la reddiderit_fw-la that_o he_o that_o be_v redeem_v shall_v serve_v his_o redeemer_n until_o he_o shall_v have_v repay_v his_o ransom_n but_o this_o be_v make_v in_o favour_n to_o the_o poor_a captive_n lest_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o provision_n make_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o money_n so_o pay_v many_o prisoner_n shall_v have_v be_v leave_v in_o perpetual_a slavery_n among_o their_o enemy_n but_o yet_o even_a this_o very_a slavery_n be_v many_o way_n mitigate_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o at_o length_n by_o the_o last_o law_n of_o justinian_n it_o be_v limit_v to_o five_o year_n service_n neither_o can_v the_o money_n pay_v for_o his_o redemption_n be_v recoverable_a after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n redeem_v so_o also_o by_o any_o contract_n of_o marriage_n between_o the_o person_n redeem_v and_o the_o person_n redeem_v it_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v forgive_v so_o if_o it_o be_v a_o woman_n that_o be_v redeem_v if_o the_o redeemer_n do_v prostitute_v her_o body_n the_o ransom_n be_v lose_v there_o be_v many_o other_o law_n make_v among_o the_o roman_n in_o favour_n to_o those_o that_o will_v redeem_v prisoner_n and_o to_o punish_v their_o kinsman_n for_o neglect_v they_o again_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n much_o enlarge_v in_o that_o not_o only_o those_o right_n in_o postliminy_n which_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v grant_v unto_o he_o that_o so_o return_v but_o general_o all_o thing_n and_o all_o right_n be_v as_o entire_o he_o as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o be_v also_o the_o attic_a law_n for_o as_o we_o read_v in_o dion_n prusaeensis_fw-la a_o certain_a man_n pretend_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o callias_n who_o have_v be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o slaughter_n at_o acanthus_n and_o as_o he_o say_v be_v keep_v as_o a_o prisoner_n in_o thrace_n when_o he_o have_v make_v his_o escape_n to_o athens_n claim_v by_o postliminy_n his_o inheritance_n from_o those_o that_o then_o have_v the_o possession_n thereof_o after_o his_o father_n we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v plead_v against_o his_o right_n only_o it_o come_v in_o issue_n whether_o he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o callias_n or_o not_o the_o same_o author_n likewise_o relate_v that_o the_o messenian_n after_o long_a captivity_n at_o length_n return_v receive_v both_o their_o liberty_n and_o country_n yea_o and_o those_o thing_n which_o either_o by_o usucapion_n or_o redemption_n seem_v to_o be_v take_v away_o out_o of_o the_o good_n or_o through_o disuse_n to_o be_v desert_v be_v all_o of_o they_o recover_v by_o a_o rescissory_a action_n for_o under_o the_o edict_n of_o make_v restitution_n to_o ancestor_n he_o also_o who_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o enemy_n be_v comprehend_v nay_o far_o the_o cornelian_a law_n provide_v for_o the_o heir_n of_o such_o as_o die_v in_o captivity_n and_o conserves_n all_o their_o good_n as_o lawful_o as_o if_o he_o that_o return_v not_o be_v at_o that_o very_a time_n when_o he_o be_v take_v dead_a now_o be_v it_o not_o for_o these_o civil_a law_n without_o doubt_n as_o soon_o as_o any_o man_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o enemy_n his_o good_n will_v present_o be_v they_o that_o have_v they_o in_o possession_n because_o qui_fw-la apud_fw-la host_n est_fw-la pro_fw-la nullo_n habetur_fw-la he_o that_o be_v under_o the_o enemy_n power_n be_v hold_v for_o none_o and_o then_o if_o he_o that_o be_v take_v shall_v return_v he_o shall_v receive_v nothing_o but_o such_o thing_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v due_a unto_o he_o by_o postliminy_n but_o that_o the_o good_n of_o a_o captive_n be_v confiscate_v and_o bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n in_o case_n he_o have_v no_o heir_n be_v a_o law_n peculiar_a to_o the_o roman_n only_o hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o thing_n that_o return_v now_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v receive_v by_o
postliminy_n xi_o how_o servant_n be_v receive_v by_o postliminy_n how_o fugitive_n and_o how_o they_o that_o be_v redeem_v among_o which_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v bondman_n and_o bondwoman_n yea_o even_o such_o ofttimes_o as_o have_v be_v alienate_v and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n by_o the_o enemy_n because_o as_o it_o be_v very_o well_o note_v by_o tryphoninus_n it_o be_v not_o just_a that_o his_o former_a master_n be_v our_o citizen_n shall_v be_v damnify_v by_o the_o right_n of_o a_o enemy_n by_o a_o edict_n of_o king_n theuderick_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o servant_n and_o tenant_n be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o return_v home_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o own_o lord_n if_o they_o be_v not_o before_o buy_v by_o some_o other_o from_o the_o enemy_n by_o way_n of_o traffic_n but_o by_o the_o wise_a gothick_n law_n a_o servant_n recover_v by_o war_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o master_n he_o pay_v unto_o he_o that_o take_v he_o the_o three_o part_n of_o his_o just_a price_n but_o in_o case_n the_o servant_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o enemy_n than_o be_v the_o lord_n to_o pay_v the_o full_a price_n for_o which_o he_o be_v sell_v with_o some_o advantage_n therefore_o that_o a_o servant_n may_v be_v capable_a of_o reception_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o his_o old_a master_n shall_v be_v either_o actual_o possess_v of_o he_o or_o at_o least_o that_o the_o servant_n be_v where_o he_o may_v easy_o have_v he_o if_o he_o so_o please_v and_o therefore_o whereas_o in_o other_o thing_n it_o may_v suffice_v that_o they_o be_v bring_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o our_o own_o territory_n this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o a_o servant_n to_o receive_v the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n unless_o it_o be_v also_o make_v know_v to_o his_o master_n that_o he_o be_v there_o for_o as_o paulus_n say_v if_o he_o lie_v skulk_a in_o rome_n and_o will_v not_o be_v see_v nor_o know_v to_o be_v there_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o receive_v by_o this_o law_n and_o as_o herein_o servant_n differ_v from_o thing_n inanimate_a so_o do_v they_o from_o the_o case_n of_o a_o freeman_n in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v not_o require_v in_o they_o to_o make_v they_o capable_a of_o be_v receive_v that_o they_o shall_v return_v with_o a_o intent_n to_o follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o city_n whereunto_o they_o return_v for_o this_o be_v require_v from_o he_o only_o that_o be_v to_o receive_v his_o own_o freedom_n and_o not_o of_o he_o that_o be_v to_o be_v receive_v by_o another_o sabinus_n sabinus_n for_o every_o man_n have_v a_o free_a power_n to_o make_v himself_o a_o member_n of_o what_o city_n he_o please_v but_o not_o of_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n neither_o do_v the_o roman_a law_n exempt_a fugitive_n fugitive_n fugitive_n servant_n from_o this_o right_n of_o reception_n for_o even_o in_o these_o may_v their_o old_a master_n claim_v their_o right_n as_o paulus_n note_n lest_o if_o we_o shall_v admit_v the_o contrary_a it_o shall_v prove_v injurious_a not_o to_o the_o servant_n who_o nevertheless_o be_v still_o to_o remain_v a_o servant_n but_o to_o the_o master_n who_o will_v want_v his_o service_n but_o general_o concern_v such_o captive_n as_o be_v redeem_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o soldier_n that_o may_v be_v true_o say_v by_o their_o general_n which_o some_o will_v so_o wrest_v as_o if_o it_o be_v mean_v of_o all_o thing_n receptos_fw-la eos_fw-la non_fw-la captos_fw-la judicare_fw-la debemus_fw-la &_o militem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la defensorem_fw-la eorum_fw-la decet_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la dominum_fw-la we_o be_v to_o esteem_v of_o these_o not_o as_o take_v but_o receive_v who_o we_o ought_v rather_o to_o defend_v and_o protect_v than_o insult_v over_o those_o captive_n that_o be_v ransom_v from_o the_o enemy_n be_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n they_o that_o redeem_v they_o but_o the_o sum_n pay_v be_v tender_v they_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v by_o postliminy_n receive_v but_o by_o the_o more_o recent_a law_n some_o thing_n have_v be_v change_v and_o that_o servant_n be_v take_v may_v be_v encourage_v to_o return_v they_o now_o propose_v present_a liberty_n to_o such_o as_o have_v be_v maim_v in_o their_o service_n and_o to_o the_o rest_n after_o five_o year_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o military_a law_n collect_v by_o rufus_n xii_o whether_o a_o people_n be_v subject_v by_o another_o may_v be_v receive_v by_o postliminy_n but_o unto_o we_o that_o be_v dutchman_n this_o question_n be_v more_o pertinent_a whether_o those_o people_n that_o be_v once_o subject_v to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o prince_n may_v return_v back_o to_o their_o former_a state_n and_o condition_n which_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o dispute_n in_o case_n not_o he_o who_o the_o empire_n have_v be_v but_o some_o other_o of_o their_o associate_n have_v recover_v they_o from_o the_o enemy_n whereunto_o the_o same_o answer_n i_o conceive_v may_v serve_v that_o be_v before_o give_v concern_v servant_n unless_o by_o some_o social_n league_n it_o be_v otherwise_o agree_v xâ—â—i_fw-la whether_o land_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v receive_v among_o thing_n that_o be_v receive_v by_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n the_o first_o that_o offer_v themselves_o be_v land_n whereof_o pomponius_n speak_v thus_o expulsis_fw-la hostibus_fw-la ex_fw-la agris_fw-la quos_fw-la ceperint_fw-la dominia_fw-la eorum_fw-la ad_fw-la priores_fw-la dominos_fw-la redeunt_fw-la the_o enemy_n be_v drive_v out_o the_o land_n return_v to_o their_o former_a owner_n now_o the_o enemy_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v drive_v out_o when_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o recover_v it_o again_o thus_o the_o island_n aegina_n which_o the_o lacedaemonian_n take_v from_o the_o athenian_n they_o restore_v to_o their_o associate_n who_o be_v the_o ancient_a lord_n thereof_o 7._o compare_v this_o with_o what_o be_v say_v above_o ch_z 6._o §._o 7._o and_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n be_v expel_v justinian_n and_o the_o emperor_n succeed_v restore_v the_o land_n unto_o the_o heir_n of_o those_o who_o ancient_o possess_v it_o notwithstanding_o those_o prescription_n which_o in_o other_o case_n the_o roman_a law_n do_v admit_v of_o against_o they_o the_o very_a same_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o law_n make_v by_o honorius_n who_o though_o spain_n have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o vandal_n for_o three_o hundred_o year_n 1._o vand._n l._n 1._o yet_o will_v not_o permit_v that_o any_o prescription_n shall_v be_v plead_v in_o bar_n against_o the_o ancient_a occupant_n 2._o council_n his_o pal_z 2._o as_o procopius_n testify_v which_o law_n we_o find_v also_o recite_v in_o the_o council_n of_o sivil_a where_o this_o be_v add_v as_o the_o reason_n non_fw-la enim_fw-la erit_fw-la objicienda_fw-la praescriptio_fw-la temporis_fw-la ubi_fw-la necessitas_fw-la interest_n hostilitatis_fw-la for_o no_o prescription_n of_o time_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v which_o be_v enforce_v by_o open_a hostility_n now_o look_v what_o right_o they_o have_v to_o the_o land_n the_o same_o also_o they_o have_v to_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v affix_v to_o the_o soil_n for_o even_o those_o place_n which_o have_v be_v former_o hold_v as_o sacred_a or_o religious_a be_v take_v by_o enemy_n if_o they_o do_v escape_v that_o calamity_n they_o also_o as_o if_o return_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o postliminy_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n as_o pomponius_n note_v wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o cicero_n concern_v diana_n in_o segesta_n p._n africani_n virtute_fw-la religonem_fw-la simul_fw-la cum_fw-la loco_fw-la recuperavit_fw-la by_o the_o valour_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n diana_n recover_v both_o her_o temple_n and_o worship_n wherefore_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o ground_n thus_o receive_v be_v likewise_o to_o be_v restore_v according_a to_o what_o pomponius_n write_v concern_v land_n first_o drown_v and_o afterward_o recover_v so_o in_o spain_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o a_o law_n that_o as_o well_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n as_o all_o the_o hereditary_a jurisdiction_n thereunto_o belong_v may_v return_v by_o postliminy_n the_o great_a at_o any_o time_n the_o lesser_a if_o claim_n be_v lay_v unto_o they_o within_o four_o year_n after_o their_o reception_n unless_o it_o be_v some_o strong_a fort_n which_o if_o lose_v and_o recover_v again_o be_v the_o king_n fourteen_o what_o difference_n be_v ancient_o make_v between_o thing_n movable_a concern_v moveable_n the_o general_a rule_n be_v quite_o contrary_a for_o they_o do_v not_o return_v by_o postliminy_n but_o be_v utter_o lose_v as_o be_v lawful_a prize_n and_o may_v therefore_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v wheresoever_o they_o be_v find_v they_o be_v adjudge_v his_o that_o buy_v they_o neither_o have_v the_o first_o owner_n any_o right_n at_o all_o to_o they_o though_o he_o find_v they_o either_o abroad_o among_o neuter_n or_o at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o country_n but_o
divide_v the_o body_n of_o the_o debtor_n if_o insolvent_a between_o themselves_o which_o law_n common_a custom_n do_v abhor_v so_o likewise_o cicero_n in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o office_n aliter_fw-la leges_fw-la 3._o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 3._o aliter_fw-la philosophi_fw-la tollunt_fw-la astutias_fw-la leges_fw-la quatenus_fw-la manu_fw-la tenere_fw-la possunt_fw-la philosophi_fw-la quatenus_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o intelligentia_fw-la the_o law_n take_v away_o fraud_n one_o way_n philosophy_n another_o the_o former_a by_o pinnacle_v the_o hand_n the_o latter_a by_o clear_v the_o understanding_n and_o inform_v the_o judgement_n ii_o this_o apply_v to_o what_o the_o law_n permit_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o marcellus_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n that_o which_o come_v here_o to_o be_v discuss_v say_v he_o be_v not_o what_o i_o have_v do_v against_o the_o syracâ—sians_n for_o what_o ever_o i_o have_v do_v against_o they_o as_o enemy_n the_o law_n of_o arm_n will_v justify_v i_o in_o but_o what_o those_o man_n be_v overcome_v ought_v in_o reason_n and_o equity_n to_o suffer_v aristotle_n discuss_v this_o question_n whether_o captivity_n arise_v from_o war_n be_v just_a seem_v to_o own_o this_o distinction_n 2._o pol_n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o vid._n sup_v c._n 4._o §_o 2._o some_o say_v he_o look_v only_o at_o that_o which_o the_o law_n permit_v for_o the_o law_n itself_o also_o be_v something_o that_o be_v just_a do_v hold_v that_o captivity_n in_o war_n be_v just_a but_o yet_o they_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v so_o absolute_o because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o war_n may_v be_v unjust_a other_o there_o be_v say_v seneca_n that_o create_v unto_o themselves_o a_o right_n by_o arm_n in_o another_o territory_n where_o these_o two_o word_n he_o right_v and_o in_o another_o territory_n do_o seem_v no_o less_o to_o clash_v than_o the_o arm_n whereby_o that_o right_o be_v get_v but_o that_o be_v there_o call_v right_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n permit_v only_o consonant_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o thucydides_n in_o that_o oration_n which_o the_o theban_n make_v to_o the_o roman_a senate_n as_o for_o those_o say_v he_o that_o be_v slay_v during_o the_o conflict_n we_o complain_v not_o for_o this_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n just_a nay_o the_o very_a roman_a lawyer_n themselves_o do_v often_o call_v that_o the_o right_n of_o captivity_n which_o in_o another_o place_n they_o term_v a_o injury_n and_o place_n it_o in_o opposition_n to_o natural_a equity_n and_o seneca_n respect_v that_o which_o often_o fall_v out_o namely_o when_o the_o war_n be_v unjust_a account_v the_o very_a name_n of_o slave_n as_o a_o badge_n of_o injustice_n the_o italian_n in_o livy_n 32._o ep._n 32._o detain_v from_o the_o syracusian_n that_o which_o they_o have_v gain_v by_o war_n be_v say_v to_o be_v obstinate_a in_o the_o detention_n of_o that_o which_o they_o have_v gain_v unjust_o and_o dion_n prusaeensis_n have_v declare_v such_o captive_n free_v as_o can_v make_v their_o escape_n home_o add_v this_o as_o be_v unjust_o bring_v under_o bondage_n so_o lactantius_n observe_v that_o the_o philosopher_n in_o all_o their_o discourse_n concern_v military_a affair_n always_o fit_v their_o oration_n rather_o to_o the_o public_a custom_n of_o the_o age_n they_o live_v in_o than_o to_o justice_n and_o true_a valour_n and_o st_n augustine_n in_o a_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o marcellinus_n tell_v he_o observe_v ep._n 4._o de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la observe_v that_o if_o in_o this_o world_n the_o precept_n of_o christianity_n be_v due_o keep_v no_o war_n can_v be_v make_v without_o some_o mercy_n and_o in_o another_o place_n among_o the_o true_a worshipper_n of_o god_n even_o their_o very_a war_n be_v peaceable_a iii_o what_o be_v do_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n a_o unjust_a as_o to_o internal_a justice_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n be_v unjust_a although_o it_o be_v solemn_o undertake_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n yet_o be_v all_o those_o act_n that_o be_v do_v in_o it_o unjust_a if_o we_o understand_v injustice_n not_o as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n but_o according_a to_o its_o natural_a acception_n as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o right_a reason_n equity_n and_o conscience_n so_o they_o that_o shall_v know_o either_o commit_v such_o act_n or_o assist_v in_o the_o do_n of_o they_o be_v include_v in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o 6.10_o 1_o cor._n 6.10_o who_o without_o repentance_n can_v enter_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n for_o repentance_n if_o true_a necessary_o require_v from_o such_o as_o have_v time_n and_o estate_n sufficient_a that_o he_o that_o have_v do_v wrong_a either_o by_o kill_a man_n spoil_v good_n drive_v away_o cattle_n or_o the_o like_a shall_v make_v satisfaction_n 58.6_o es_fw-ge 58.6_o and_o therefore_o do_v god_n himself_o renounce_v the_o solemn_a feast_n of_o the_o hypocritical_a jew_n 5.6_o numb_a 5.6_o because_o they_o do_v not_o suffer_v their_o captive_n unjust_o take_v to_o go_v free_a and_o the_o king_n of_o niniveh_n proclaim_v a_o fast_a throughout_o the_o city_n 2.10_o jonah_n 2.10_o and_o command_v all_o his_o subject_n to_o turn_v every_o one_o from_o his_o evil_a way_n and_o to_o empty_v their_o hand_n from_o all_o thing_n get_v by_o rapine_n and_o violence_n as_o be_v by_o the_o very_a dictate_v of_o natural_a reason_n teach_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o without_o restitution_n all_o their_o humiliation_n be_v but_o vain_a and_o fictitious_a non_fw-la differtur_fw-la ultionis_fw-la sententia_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la redduntur_fw-la universa_fw-la hier._n hier._n vengeance_n will_v not_o be_v long_o delay_v unless_o restitution_n be_v make_v to_o the_o full_a say_v hierome_n with_o who_o agree_v st_n augustine_n if_o that_o wherein_o we_o have_v sin_v be_v not_o restore_v be_v in_o our_o power_n we_o do_v not_o repent_v but_o dissemble_v neither_o be_v this_o the_o judgement_n of_o jew_n and_o christian_n only_o 17._o turcicor_n 5_o c._n 17._o but_o of_o the_o mahometan_n also_o as_o leunclavius_n inform_v we_o iu._n who_o and_o how_o far_o forth_o they_o be_v obige_v to_o restitution_n now_o they_o that_o be_v oblige_v to_o make_v restitution_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v in_o general_a be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n whether_o as_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n or_o as_o counsel_v and_o persuade_v thereunto_o and_o these_o be_v bind_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n as_o well_o for_o all_o damage_n that_o be_v usual_o do_v in_o war_n as_o also_o for_o all_o those_o unusual_o do_v if_o they_o be_v do_v by_o their_o either_o order_n or_o persuasion_n or_o by_o their_o permission_n in_o case_n it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o have_v hinder_v it_o thus_o also_o be_v captain_n bind_v to_o make_v restitution_n for_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v either_o spoil_v or_o take_v away_o by_o any_o under_o their_o command_n yea_o and_o the_o whole_a army_n in_o general_n that_o shall_v run_v headlong_o to_o any_o one_o common_a outrage_n as_o to_o fire_v a_o town_n or_o the_o like_a and_o for_o particular_a act_n every_o particular_a soldier_n shall_v satisfy_v for_o that_o loss_n whereof_o he_o be_v the_o author_n either_o solitary_a or_o concurrent_a with_o other_o v._o whether_o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v by_o he_o that_o take_v they_o neither_o may_v we_o herein_o admit_v of_o that_o exception_n which_o by_o some_o be_v bring_v of_o such_o as_o be_v only_a auxiliary_n if_o they_o be_v any_o way_n guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n to_o oblige_v any_o man_n to_o restitution_n without_o guilt_n the_o bare_a crime_n suffice_v some_o also_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o though_o the_o war_n be_v never_o so_o unjust_a yet_o the_o thing_n take_v in_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v because_o both_o party_n when_o the_o war_n begin_v be_v presume_v to_o agree_v to_o this_o that_o their_o good_n shall_v be_v they_o that_o can_v take_v they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o can_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o any_o man_n will_v rash_o give_v away_o his_o right_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o war_n be_v much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o contract_n but_o to_o the_o end_n that_o nation_n be_v once_o at_o peace_n shall_v rest_v so_o and_o not_o involve_v themselves_o in_o endless_a war_n against_o their_o will_n it_o be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o introduce_v this_o external_a right_n of_o dominion_n 11._o see_v book_n 2._o chap._n 11._o whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v which_o notwithstanding_o may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o that_o internal_a obligation_n to_o restitution_n nay_o these_o very_a author_n seem_v to_o assert_v as_o much_o in_o their_o discourse_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o take_v prisoner_n
wherefore_o the_o samnite_n in_o livy_n declare_v 8._o lib._n 9_o lib._n 8._o that_o the_o spoil_n which_o they_o have_v take_v from_o their_o enemy_n and_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n seem_v to_o be_v they_o they_o have_v restore_v which_o he_o say_v seem_v to_o be_v they_o because_o the_o very_a samnite_n themselves_o have_v before_o acknowledge_v that_o war_n to_o have_v be_v unjust_a not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o power_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n give_v in_o a_o contract_n make_v without_o fraud_n wherein_o there_o be_v some_o inequality_n to_o compel_v the_o contractor_n to_o fulfil_v his_o contract_n yet_o nevertheless_o he_o that_o receive_v more_o in_o value_n than_o what_o he_o give_v 9_o see_v book_n 2._o chap._n 9_o be_v bind_v though_o not_o by_o law_n yet_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n to_o even_o the_o balance_n by_o reduce_v the_o contract_n to_o a_o equality_n vi_o or_o whether_o by_o he_o that_o detain_v it_o yea_o far_o as_o though_o the_o damage_n be_v not_o do_v by_o ourselves_o or_o if_o it_o be_v yet_o without_o any_o fault_n of_o we_o yet_o if_o the_o thing_n take_v away_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n by_o another_o be_v in_o our_o possession_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o restore_v it_o because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n give_v natural_o just_a why_o the_o right_a owner_n shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o it_o for_o he_o never_o consent_v to_o its_o alienation_n nor_o be_v their_o any_o crime_n commit_v by_o he_o nor_o do_v he_o receive_v any_o recompense_n for_o it_o apposite_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o valerius_n maximus_n hasta_fw-la lib._n 6._o c._n 5._o sub_fw-la hasta_fw-la the_o people_n of_o rome_n say_v he_o when_o claudius_n have_v public_o sell_v some_o camerine_n prisoner_n take_v in_o the_o war_n although_o they_o see_v their_o treasury_n thereby_o fill_v and_o their_o empire_n enlarge_v yet_o be_v convince_v that_o their_o general_n have_v not_o deal_v very_o faithful_o in_o their_o conquest_n they_o with_o great_a diligence_n seek_v out_o those_o captive_n and_o redeem_v they_o restore_v they_o unto_o their_o land_n so_o also_o be_v that_o which_o josephus_n record_v of_o mark_n anthony_n 22._o ant._n l._n 14._o c._n 22._o who_o command_v the_o tyrian_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o jew_n those_o part_n of_o judaea_n which_o they_o withhold_v from_o they_o to_o release_v their_o prisoner_n and_o to_o return_v the_o spoil_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n thus_o we_o may_v read_v of_o the_o phocian_o that_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n even_o their_o public_a liberty_n together_o with_o their_o land_n former_o take_v from_o they_o be_v restore_v so_o likewise_o be_v the_o lygurian_o sell_v by_o m._n pompilius_n but_o redeem_v by_o the_o roman_n and_z together_o with_o their_o good_n set_v at_o liberty_n the_o self_n same_o decree_n pass_v for_o the_o abderite_n the_o reason_n be_v add_v because_o the_o war_n make_v against_o they_o be_v unjust_a thus_o macrinus_n release_v all_o the_o parthian_a prisoner_n and_o restore_v all_o the_o spoil_n because_o the_o roman_n have_v unjust_o break_v the_o peace_n and_o mahomet_n the_o turk_n dismiss_v upon_o this_o account_n all_o the_o captive_n take_v at_o sancta_fw-la maria_n in_o achaia_n yet_o may_v the_o present_a possessor_n of_o such_o good_n or_o person_n deduct_v so_o much_o for_o his_o either_o charge_n or_o labour_n as_o in_o probability_n it_o will_v have_v cost_v the_o right_a owner_n to_o have_v recover_v they_o but_o if_o he_o who_o without_o any_o default_n be_v thus_o possess_v of_o any_o thing_n so_o take_v have_v either_o consume_v or_o alienate_v it_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o make_v any_o far_a satisfaction_n than_o he_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v make_v the_o rich_a thereby_o chap._n xi_o moderation_n to_o be_v use_v in_o kill_v of_o man_n in_o a_o just_a war._n i._o that_o some_o act_n in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v not_o internal_o just_a explain_v ii_o according_a to_o internal_a justice_n who_o may_v be_v kill_v iii_o that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v just_o slay_v for_o his_o misfortune_n as_o they_o that_o be_v force_v to_o either_o party_n iu._n nor_o for_o fault_n intermediate_v between_o mischance_n and_o mischief_n this_o explain_v v._o the_o principal_a author_n of_o a_o war_n distinguish_v from_o those_o that_o be_v draw_v into_o it_o vi_o in_o the_o author_n we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v of_o the_o cause_n whether_o probable_a or_o improbable_a vii_o even_o to_o those_o who_o have_v deserve_v death_n the_o punishment_n may_v sometime_o be_v just_o remit_v viii_o care_n shall_v be_v take_v of_o the_o innocent_a that_o they_o be_v not_o unadvised_o kill_v ix_o infant_n to_o be_v spare_v and_o woman_n if_o not_o high_o criminous_a and_o old_a men._n x._o priest_n to_o be_v spare_v and_o such_o as_o addict_v themselves_o whole_o to_o learning_n xi_o as_o also_o husbandman_n xii_o yea_o and_o merchant_n and_o such_o like_a xiii_o and_o slave_n fourteen_o and_o such_o as_o surrender_v upon_o equal_a condition_n xv._o they_o also_o that_o deliver_v themselves_o up_o without_o condition_n xvi_o all_o these_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o mercy_n unless_o they_o be_v very_o criminous_a which_o how_o to_o be_v take_v xvii_o a_o multitude_n of_o offender_n may_v well_o be_v spare_v xviii_o hostage_n unless_o in_o themselves_o faulty_a be_v not_o to_o be_v slay_v xix_o that_o all_o unprofitable_a combat_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v i._o in_o a_o just_a war_n some_o act_n be_v not_o internal_o just_a neither_o be_v that_o general_o true_a that_o be_v common_o say_v he_o hazard_v all_o who_o what_o be_v just_o deny_v that_o of_o cicero_n be_v much_o better_o there_o be_v some_o good_a office_n to_o be_v perform_v 28._o offic._n l._n 1._o vide_fw-la lib._n 2._o ch_n 20._o §._o 2._o 28._o even_o to_o those_o who_o have_v injure_v we_o there_o be_v also_o some_o moderation_n to_o be_v use_v even_o in_o revenge_n and_o punishment_n and_o even_o in_o the_o sharp_a war_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v some_o grain_n of_o mildness_n and_o clemency_n if_o it_o be_v regulate_v according_a to_o christian_a discipline_n 4._o sen._n de_fw-fr clem._n lib._n 2._o c._n 4._o nay_o the_o very_a philosopher_n have_v already_o pronounce_v they_o cruel_a who_o though_o they_o have_v cause_n yet_o know_v no_o measure_n in_o punish_v cicero_n commend_v that_o golden_a age_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n 3._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 2._o pol._n 5_o 6._o lib._n 3._o the_o end_n of_o who_o war_n be_v mild_a and_o gentle_a and_o never_o otherwise_o but_o upon_o necessity_n aristotle_n note_n that_o the_o punishment_n take_v on_o the_o theban_n and_o heracleans_n savour_v more_o of_o cruelty_n than_o equity_n and_o thucydides_n speak_v of_o some_o that_o suffer_v punishment_n great_a than_o what_o be_v fit_a 3._o annal._n l._n 3._o so_o tacitus_n tax_v pompey_n for_o exact_v punishment_n far_o great_a than_o the_o crime_n deserve_v and_o in_o the_o same_o book_n he_o blame_v aug._n caesar_n that_o in_o punish_a adultery_n he_o be_v more_o cruel_a than_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n yea_o ofttimes_o than_o his_o own_o law_n although_o as_o juvenal_n speak_v in_o this_o case_n exegit_fw-la autem_fw-la interdum_fw-la ille_fw-la dolour_n plus_fw-la quam_fw-la lex_fw-la ulla_fw-la dolori_fw-la concessit_fw-la this_o grief_n sometime_o far_o great_a licence_n plead_v than_o any_o law_n to_o other_o grief_n concede_v so_o quintilian_n a_o punishment_n beyond_o what_o be_v humane_a be_v not_o to_o be_v exact_v from_o any_o unless_o it_o be_v from_o the_o very_o worst_a of_o parricide_n 26._o lib._n 26._o and_o therefore_o m._n antoninus_n the_o emperor_n do_v well_o when_o he_o write_v to_o the_o senate_n to_o be_v careful_a that_o their_o proscription_n be_v not_o too_o severe_a nor_o their_o punishment_n too_o cruel_a whereof_o ammianus_n likewise_o complain_v their_o rage_n against_o many_o be_v much_o great_a than_o either_o their_o error_n or_o crime_n deserve_v it_o be_v possible_a say_v aristides_n that_o they_o who_o take_v revenge_n for_o a_o injury_n do_v to_o themselves_o may_v be_v unjust_a if_o they_o shall_v exceed_v in_o measure_n for_o he_o that_o in_o this_o case_n proceed_v beyond_o his_o just_a bound_n be_v the_o author_n of_o a_o new_a quarrel_n and_o he_o that_o punish_v a_o malefactor_n beyond_o what_o he_o have_v deserve_v deserve_v himself_o to_o be_v punish_v this_o be_v ovid_n opinion_n of_o a_o king_n caede_fw-la nocentum_fw-la si_fw-la nimis_fw-la ulciscens_fw-la extitit_fw-la ipse_fw-la nocens_fw-la he_o that_o for_o blood_n too_o great_a revenge_n do_v take_v do_v sure_a himself_o the_o great_a murderer_n make_v the_o plataean_n in_o isocrates_n demand_v whether_o it_o be_v fit_a or_o reasonable_a to_o require_v for_o so_o small_a fault_n so_o great_a and_o grievous_a punishment_n and_o in_o his_o second_o oration_n for_o
liceant_fw-la est_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o hominem_fw-la licere_fw-la commune_v jus_o animantium_fw-la vetat_fw-la although_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v to_o a_o slave_n be_v lawful_a yet_o be_v there_o some_o thing_n which_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n prohibit_v to_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o as_o he_o be_v a_o man_n for_o whosoever_o be_v bear_v a_o man_n though_o he_o be_v a_o slave_n phelim_n phelim_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o thereby_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o man_n so_o seneca_n be_v they_o servant_n yet_o be_v they_o man_n 47._o epist_n 47._o be_v they_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o companion_n be_v they_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o humble_a friend_n be_v thy_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o fellow_n servant_n if_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v what_o power_n fortune_n have_v over_o either_o of_o we_o and_o a_o little_a after_o in_o the_o same_o epistle_n consider_v that_o he_o who_o thou_o call_v thy_o servant_n be_v bear_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n equal_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o common_a air_n equal_o to_o breathe_v live_v and_o die_v as_o thyself_o and_o if_o it_o have_v so_o please_v fortune_n may_v as_o well_o have_v see_v thou_o a_o slave_n as_o he_o now_o see_v thou_o a_o freeman_n and_o what_o we_o may_v read_v in_o macrobius_n be_v but_o the_o same_o advice_n that_o st._n paul_n commend_v unto_o we_o 4.1_o coll._n 4.1_o master_n do_v unto_o your_o servant_n that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a as_o know_v that_o you_o also_o have_v a_o master_n in_o heaven_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o admonish_v we_o not_o to_o terrify_v they_o with_o menace_n and_o threaten_n which_o he_o press_v upon_o we_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n because_o we_o also_o have_v a_o master_n in_o heaven_n who_o regard_v not_o such_o distinction_n of_o quality_n 14._o lib._n 7._o c._n 14._o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o clemens_n romanus_n we_o have_v this_o advice_n govern_v not_o thy_o man_n nor_o thy_o maid-servant_n with_o too_o much_o austerity_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v give_v by_o barnabas_n in_o his_o epistle_n lest_o thereby_o thou_o testify_v against_o thyself_o that_o thou_o fear_v not_o he_o who_o be_v the_o supreme_a lord_n both_o of_o they_o and_o thou_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n also_o exhort_v we_o to_o use_v our_o servant_n as_o our_o second_o self_n see_v that_o they_o be_v man_n as_o well_o as_o we_o imitate_v therein_o that_o wise_a hebrew_n if_o thou_o have_v a_o servant_n use_v he_o as_o a_o brother_n for_o he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o thyself_o iii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o innocent_a let_v we_o now_o admit_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o slave_n the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n to_o uphold_v his_o domestic_a discipline_n but_o then_o let_v that_o jurisdiction_n be_v use_v with_o that_o religious_a moderation_n as_o the_o magistrate_n use_v in_o the_o public_a this_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o seneca_n 47._o de_fw-fr clem._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 18._o &_o ep._n 47._o in_o thy_o bondman_n thou_o be_v to_o consider_v not_o what_o thou_o may_v inflict_v on_o he_o without_o the_o restraint_n of_o the_o law_n but_o what_o in_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n thou_o ought_v to_o do_v unto_o he_o which_o require_v sometime_o to_o favour_n even_o thy_o captive_n and_o thy_o slave_n who_o thou_o have_v buy_v with_o thy_o money_n 18._o de._n benes_z lib._n 3._o c._n 18._o and_o in_o another_o place_n compare_v subject_n with_o servant_n he_o say_v though_o they_o have_v different_a title_n yet_o be_v the_o licence_n over_o both_o the_o same_o which_o certain_o hold_v true_a in_o this_o particular_a in_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o either_o majores_fw-la nostri_fw-la domum_fw-la nostram_fw-la pusillam_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la esse_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la our_o ancestor_n say_v seneca_n do_v reckon_v every_o family_n as_o a_o little_a commonwealth_n 43._o ep._n 43._o so_o also_o pliny_n every_o man_n house_n as_o to_o servant_n be_v as_o a_o city_n insomuch_o that_o cato_n the_o censor_n as_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o will_v not_o punish_v any_o of_o his_o servant_n for_o never_o so_o great_a a_o fault_n nisi_fw-la postquam_fw-la damnatus_fw-la esset_fw-la etiam_fw-la conservorum_fw-la judicio_fw-la until_o he_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a by_o his_o fellow_n servant_n 15._o job_n 31.13_o 14_o 15._o whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o job_n if_o i_o do_v despise_v the_o cause_n of_o my_o manservant_n or_o of_o my_o maid-servant_n when_o they_o contend_v with_o i_o what_o then_o shall_v i_o do_v when_o god_n rise_v up_o and_o when_o he_o visit_v what_o shall_v i_o answer_v he_o do_v not_o he_o that_o make_v he_o make_v i_o and_o do_v not_o one_o fashion_n we_o both_o iu._n nor_o unmerciful_o to_o punish_v he_o yea_o and_o to_o lesser_a punishment_n as_o stripe_n and_o blow_n etc._n etc._n much_o of_o equity_n and_o favour_n be_v to_o be_v show_v to_o captive_n and_o bondman_n thou_o shall_v not_o oppress_v he_o or_o rule_n over_o he_o with_o rigour_n say_v the_o divine_a law_n concern_v the_o hebrew_n servant_n which_o since_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n 25._o levit._fw-la 25._o by_o reason_n of_o that_o affinity_n that_o there_o be_v between_o all_o mankind_n aught_o to_o extend_v to_o all_o servant_n upon_o which_o law_n philo_n thus_o gloss_v servant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o good_n of_o fortune_n be_v our_o inferior_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o our_o common_a nature_n our_o equal_n but_o the_o rule_n of_o divine_a justice_n say_v he_o be_v not_o that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o fortune_n but_o to_o nature_n master_n therefore_o be_v not_o to_o behave_v themselves_o towards_o their_o servant_n insolent_o nor_o to_o abuse_v that_o power_n which_o the_o law_n permit_v they_o thereby_o to_o grow_v cruel_a for_o these_o be_v sign_n not_o of_o a_o meek_a and_o calm_a but_o rather_o of_o a_o froward_a and_o intemperate_a mind_n domineer_a over_o their_o servant_n in_o a_o tyrannical_a way_n legationum_fw-la in_o excerp_v legationum_fw-la priscus_n compare_v the_o roman_n with_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o treat_v captive_n with_o much_o more_o mildness_n than_o other_o do_v perform_v unto_o they_o rather_o the_o office_n of_o father_n and_o tutor_n than_o of_o conqueror_n for_o as_o they_o studious_o withdraw_v they_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o own_o custom_n be_v unlawful_a so_o if_o they_o do_v offend_v they_o only_o correct_v they_o as_o son_n but_o to_o kill_v they_o as_o the_o scythian_n do_v they_o esteem_v utter_o unlawful_a there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o liberty_n indulge_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o lord_n and_o that_o not_o only_o whilst_o they_o live_v but_o at_o their_o death_n for_o whatsoever_o die_v they_o ordain_v or_o appoint_v to_o be_v do_v with_o that_o which_o be_v their_o own_o have_v the_o power_n and_o force_v of_o a_o law_n philo_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o special_a law_n as_o also_o st._n cyprian_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o demetrian_n high_o blame_v this_o severity_n towards_o servant_n if_o thou_o be_v not_o ready_o obey_v in_o all_o thing_n say_v they_o if_o thy_o will_n be_v not_o execute_v as_o a_o law_n thou_o grow_v present_o imperious_a and_o cruel_a thou_o torment_v thy_o slave_n with_o whip_n and_o scourge_n thou_o afflict_a he_o with_o hunger_n thirst_n nakedness_n and_o ofttimes_o wound_v he_o and_o throw_v he_o into_o prison_n and_o yet_o wretched_a man_n that_o thou_o be_v whilst_o thou_o thus_o abuse_v thy_o power_n towards_o thy_o captivate_v slave_n thou_o forget_v thy_o duty_n to_o and_o thy_o fear_n of_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o foolish_a and_o absurd_a say_v seneca_n seneca_n seneca_n than_o to_o make_v the_o condition_n of_o a_o servant_n worse_o than_o that_o of_o a_o beast_n he_o that_o will_v skilful_o manage_v a_o horse_n will_v not_o provoke_v and_o exasperate_v he_o with_o many_o stripe_n for_o unless_o he_o be_v gentle_o handle_v at_o the_o first_o he_o grow_v fearful_a and_o headstrong_a and_o again_o what_o can_v be_v more_o unseemly_a say_v the_o same_o seneca_n than_o to_o exercise_v that_o cruelty_n upon_o a_o man_n though_o our_o slave_n which_o we_o will_v be_v ashamed_a to_o exercise_v over_o dog_n or_o oxen._a to_o restrain_v which_o brutish_a cruelty_n it_o be_v wise_o provide_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n that_o if_o a_o master_n do_v strike_v out_o the_o eye_n or_o tooth_n of_o his_o servant_n injurious_o he_o be_v for_o that_o eye_n or_o tooth_n sake_n to_o let_v he_o go_v free_a exod._n 21.26_o 27._o whereby_o it_o fall_v out_o say_v philo_z that_o the_o master_n undergo_v for_o his_o cruelty_n a_o double_a punishment_n in_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o servant_n both_o labour_n and_o ransom_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v a_o three_o more_o grievous_a
to_o their_o people_n and_o if_o they_o do_v make_v war_n it_o be_v not_o for_o dominion_n but_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o conquest_n now_o unto_o this_o ancient_a custom_n it_o be_v that_o st._n aug._n labour_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o reduce_v we_o 15._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 4._o c._n 15._o let_v prince_n say_v he_o consider_v that_o it_o belong_v not_o to_o good_a king_n to_o take_v pride_n in_o the_o enlarge_a their_o dominion_n for_o as_o he_o there_o add_v major_a est_fw-la foelicitas_fw-la vicinum_fw-la habere_fw-la concordem_fw-la quam_fw-la malum_fw-la subjugare_fw-la bellantem_fw-la it_o be_v great_a happiness_n to_o have_v a_o good_a neighbour_n that_o be_v peaceable_a julian_n lib._n 5._o cont_n julian_n than_o to_o subdue_v a_o bad_a one_o that_o be_v troublesome_a upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o st._n cyril_n commend_v the_o hebrew_n king_n who_o always_o content_v themselves_o with_o their_o own_o bound_n without_o encroach_a on_o their_o neighbour_n which_o be_v the_o very_a sin_n for_o which_o the_o prophet_n amos_n do_v so_o severe_o reprove_v the_o ammonite_n iii_o which_o may_v be_v do_v either_o by_o intermix_v the_o conqueror_n with_o the_o conquer_a near_o unto_o this_o original_a draught_n of_o innocence_n come_v that_o prudent_a moderation_n use_v by_o the_o old_a roman_n what_o say_v seneca_n 34._o seneca_n lib._n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la c._n 34._o have_v our_o empire_n be_v have_v not_o a_o wholesome_a providence_n teach_v we_o to_o intermix_v the_o conquer_a with_o the_o conqueror_n our_o great_a founder_n romulus_n as_o claudius_n in_o tacitus_n tell_v we_o 1._o we_o annal._n l._n 5._o lib._n 1._o do_v so_o prevail_v by_o his_o wisdom_n that_o many_o people_n who_o the_o rise_a sun_n see_v his_o enemy_n the_o set_a sun_n see_v his_o subject_n and_o citizen_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n that_o do_v more_o ruin_n the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o the_o athenian_n than_o this_o that_o they_o always_o drive_v away_o the_o vanquish_a as_o stranger_n livy_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o rome_n be_v much_o augment_v by_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o conquer_a into_o their_o city_n whereof_o history_n afford_v we_o plenty_n of_o example_n as_o of_o the_o sabine_n the_o alban_n the_o latin_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o italian_a nation_n till_o at_o length_n caesar_n first_o lead_v the_o gaul_n in_o triumph_n and_o afterward_o admit_v they_o to_o be_v of_o his_o court_n and_o council_n cerialis_n in_o tacitus_n thus_o bespeak_v the_o gaul_n you_o yourselves_o be_v usual_o admit_v to_o command_v our_o legion_n you_o be_v they_o that_o govern_v not_o this_o only_a but_o other_o of_o our_o province_n there_o be_v no_o place_n of_o trust_n from_o which_o you_o be_v exclude_v wherefore_o as_o he_o there_o infer_v you_o ought_v in_o all_o reason_n to_o endeavour_v all_o you_o can_v to_o preserve_v that_o life_n and_o peace_n which_o you_o though_o vanquish_v do_v equal_o enjoy_v with_o we_o the_o victor_n nay_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o admirable_a by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n all_o that_o live_v within_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v make_v citizen_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o ulpian_n whereupon_o rome_n be_v then_o account_v as_o modestinus_n affirm_v communis_fw-la patria_fw-la the_o common_a city_n or_o every_o man_n country_n whereof_o claudius_n thus_o huius_fw-la pacificis_fw-la debemus_fw-la moribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la quod_fw-la cuncti_fw-la gens_fw-la una_fw-la sumus_fw-la to_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o prince_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o of_o the_o world_n he_o but_o one_o nation_n make_v iu._n or_o by_o leave_v the_o government_n to_o the_o vanquish_a another_o kind_n of_o moderation_n use_v in_o victory_n be_v when_o the_o government_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o same_o hand_n either_o of_o king_n or_o people_n who_o hold_v it_o before_o the_o conquest_n thus_o hercules_n bespeak_v king_n priamus_n hostess_fw-la parvi_fw-la victus_fw-la lacrymis_fw-la troad_n sen._n troad_n suscipe_fw-la dixit_fw-la rector_n habenas_fw-la patrioque_fw-la sede_fw-la celsus_fw-la solio_fw-la sed_fw-la sceptra_fw-la fide_fw-la meliore_fw-la tene_fw-la by_o a_o weak_a enemy_n tear_n o'erta'en_v take_v say_v he_o thy_o crown_n again_o ascend_v thy_o father_n throne_n on_o high_a but_o henceforth_o rule_v more_o moderate_o so_o also_o the_o same_o hercules_n have_v conquer_v neleus_n give_v his_o kingdom_n to_o nestor_n his_o son_n thus_o the_o persian_a king_n be_v wont_a to_o leave_v their_o kingdom_n to_o the_o king_n who_o they_o have_v conquer_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o bare_a victory_n thus_o do_v cyrus_n to_o armenius_n alexander_n to_o porus._n 21._o de_fw-fr clem._n lib._n 1._o c._n 21._o and_o this_o be_v it_o that_o seneca_n high_o commend_v in_o a_o conqueror_n nihil_fw-la ex_fw-la rege_fw-la victo_fw-la praeter_fw-la gloriam_fw-la sumere_fw-la to_o take_v nothing_o from_o the_o conquer_a beside_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o conquest_n this_o be_v triumph_n over_o victory_n itself_o and_o to_o declare_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o conquer_a worthy_a of_o the_o conqueror_n acceptance_n but_o the_o conquest_n itself_o thus_o pompey_n have_v overcome_v tigranes_n leave_v he_o a_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o govern_v as_o eutropius_n inform_v we_o and_o herein_o be_v antigonus_n extol_v by_o polybius_n that_o have_v bring_v sparta_n under_o his_o absolute_a power_n 6._o lib._n 6._o he_o give_v the_o citizen_n the_o free_a use_n of_o both_o their_o ancient_a law_n and_o liberty_n for_o which_o act_n his_o praise_n be_v high_o celebrate_v throughout_o all_o greece_n thus_o do_v the_o roman_n give_v unto_o the_o cappadocian_o who_o they_o have_v conquer_v a_o power_n to_o use_v what_o form_n of_o government_n they_o please_v and_o many_o nation_n we_o may_v read_v of_o which_o be_v conquer_a be_v notwithstanding_o leave_v free_a thus_o be_v carthage_n leave_v at_o liberty_n to_o live_v under_o their_o own_o law_n as_o the_o rhodian_o plead_v to_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o second_o punic_a war._n 32._o livy_n lib_n 32._o and_o when_o the_o aetolian_n tell_v quintius_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o firm_a peace_n until_o philip_n of_o macedon_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n he_o answer_v that_o they_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o their_o censure_n as_o be_v unmindful_a of_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n spare_v those_o who_o they_o have_v in_o their_o power_n add_v this_o withal_o adversus_fw-la victos_fw-la mitissimum_fw-la quemque_fw-la maximum_fw-la animum_fw-la habere_fw-la that_o he_o who_o be_v mild_a towards_o the_o conquer_a be_v ever_o hold_v most_o magnanimous_a v._o sometime_o by_o keep_v of_o garrison_n sometime_o though_o the_o empire_n be_v restore_v yet_o the_o conqueror_n security_n be_v also_o provide_v for_o thus_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o quintius_n that_o the_o city_n of_o corinth_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o achaian_n but_o withal_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v leave_v a_o garrison_n in_o acrocorinth_n which_o also_o be_v afterward_o withdraw_v and_o that_o chalcides_n and_o demetriades_n shall_v be_v detain_v until_o all_o fear_n concern_v antiochus_n shall_v cease_v iv_o sometime_o by_o impose_v tribute_n the_o imposition_n of_o tribute_n be_v ofttimes_o not_o only_o for_o the_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o war_n but_o for_o the_o mutual_a security_n of_o both_o the_o conqueror_n and_o the_o conquer_a for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v cicero_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o his_o brother_n quintus_n concern_v the_o grecian_n 1._o grecian_n lib._n 1._o ad_fw-la quintum_fw-la fratrem_fw-la epist_n 1._o write_v thus_o let_v asia_n also_o consider_v that_o unless_o she_o be_v secure_v by_o the_o roman_a power_n she_o can_v never_o be_v without_o a_o foreign_a war_n or_o domestic_a broil_n and_o since_o this_o power_n that_o secure_v she_o not_o possible_o subsist_v without_o tribute_n good_a reason_n it_o be_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v content_v with_o sopme_a part_n of_o her_o wealth_n to_o purchase_v to_o herself_o perpetual_a peace_n thus_o do_v petilius_n cerealis_n in_o tacitus_n plead_v for_o the_o roman_n 4._o hist_o l._n 4._o with_o the_o langre_n and_o other_o gaul_n we_o say_v they_o though_o often_o provoke_v yet_o by_o the_o right_n of_o conquest_n do_v offer_v unto_o you_o one_o only_a condition_n of_o peace_n namely_o that_o you_o pay_v your_o tribute_n for_o peace_n among_o nation_n can_v be_v defend_v without_o arm_n nor_o arm_n without_o pay_n nor_o can_v we_o pay_v our_o soldier_n without_o contribution_n hereunto_o likewise_o we_o may_v refer_v those_o other_o thing_n mention_v before_o 7._o lib._n 2._o c._n 15._o §_o 7._o where_o we_o discourse_v concern_v unequal_a law_n as_o the_o delivery_n of_o arm_n of_o fleet_n of_o elephant_n the_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o weapon_n the_o raise_n of_o
army_n and_o such_o like_a whereby_o the_o conqueror_n may_v be_v secure_v vii_o what_o profit_n arise_v from_o this_o moderation_n but_o that_o the_o conqueror_n shall_v leave_v the_o conquer_a possess_v of_o his_o own_o kingdom_n stand_v not_o with_o humanity_n only_o but_o sometime_o with_o policy_n among_o numa_n law_n this_o be_v commend_v for_o one_o that_o in_o those_o sacred_a rite_n wherewith_o they_o worship_v their_o god_n terminus_n 15._o plut._n quaest_n rom._n qu._n 15._o he_o will_v have_v no_o blood_n spill_v thereby_o intimate_v that_o nothing_o can_v more_o conduce_v to_o a_o last_a peace_n between_o neighbour_n prince_n than_o to_o content_a to_o live_v themselves_o within_o their_o own_o bound_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v of_o florus_n difficilius_fw-la est_fw-la provincias_fw-la obtinere_fw-la quam_fw-la facere_fw-la viribus_fw-la parantur_fw-la jure_fw-la retinentur_fw-la it_o be_v much_o more_o difficult_a to_o keep_v province_n than_o to_o make_v they_o for_o 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by_o a_o dry_a ox_n hide_n which_o be_v press_v down_o with_o our_o foot_n on_o the_o one_o side_n rise_v instant_o on_o the_o other_o and_o titus_n quintius_n in_o livy_n by_o a_o tortoise_n 1._o lib._n 27._o val._n max._n 4._o 1._o who_o whilst_o he_o gather_v himself_o up_o within_o his_o shell_n be_v safe_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o thrust_v out_o any_o one_o part_n he_o be_v expose_v to_o danger_n plutarch_n thus_o relate_v that_o when_o the_o achaian_n consult_v about_o the_o take_n of_o the_o island_n zant_n he_o dissuade_v from_o it_o tell_v they_o that_o it_o be_v a_o dangerous_a attempt_n if_o like_o the_o tortoise_n they_o thrust_v their_o head_n beyond_o peloponnesus_n and_o herein_o be_v that_o of_o old_a hesiod_n verify_v which_o plato_n likewise_o thus_o apply_v 3_o plato_n de_fw-fr leg._n 3_o dimidium_fw-la plus_fw-la toto_fw-la that_o sometime_o it_o be_v better_a to_o take_v up_o with_o the_o one_o half_a than_o to_o covet_v the_o whole_a when_o some_o nation_n as_o 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which_o he_o have_v already_o get_v to_o be_v sufficient_a viii_o example_n of_o the_o change_n of_o government_n among_o the_o conquer_a the_o lacedaemonian_n yea_o and_o the_o athenian_n also_o in_o their_o golden_a age_n never_o challenge_v the_o sovereign_a power_n over_o any_o city_n that_o they_o take_v by_o war_n only_o they_o require_v that_o they_o shall_v mould_v their_o government_n according_a to_o their_o own_o form_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_n use_v a_o aristocratical_a government_n wherein_o a_o few_o of_o the_o best_a govern_v the_o rest_n but_o the_o athenian_n use_v a_o democratical_a whereby_o the_o government_n be_v whole_o settle_v in_o the_o people_n 7._o lib._n 4._o de_fw-fr rep._n cap._n 11._o lib._n 5._o cap._n 7._o as_o thucydides_n isocrates_n and_o demosthenes_n teach_v we_o nay_o aristotle_n himself_o confirm_v as_o much_o in_o several_a place_n tacitus_n record_v the_o like_v do_v by_o artabanus_n at_o seleucia_n 6._o seleucia_n ann._n 6._o who_o assign_v the_o government_n of_o the_o common_a people_n to_o the_o nobleman_n according_a to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o custom_n for_o he_o judge_v it_o the_o next_o way_n to_o liberty_n to_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o people_n as_o to_o leave_v it_o in_o a_o few_o be_v the_o next_o way_n to_o tyranny_n but_o whether_o these_o alteration_n in_o government_n do_v conduce_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o conqueror_n be_v not_o our_o purpose_n in_o this_o place_n to_o determine_v ix_o if_o the_o empire_n be_v assume_v to_o leave_v some_o part_n thereof_o to_o the_o conquer_a but_o in_o case_n it_o be_v not_o think_v safe_a for_o the_o conqueror_n to_o leave_v the_o conquer_a altogether_o free_a yet_o may_v the_o matter_n be_v so_o moderate_v that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o government_n may_v be_v leave_v to_o they_o or_o their_o king_n with_o a_o reservation_n of_o some_o other_o part_n to_o the_o conqueror_n tacitus_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o make_v use_n of_o king_n themselves_o as_o instrument_n of_o subjection_n antiochus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v romans_z inservientium_fw-la regum_fw-la ditissimus_fw-la the_o rich_a of_o all_o the_o king_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_n the_o like_a we_o read_v in_o the_o commentary_n upon_o musonius_n namely_o of_o some_o king_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_n so_o in_o lucan_n atque_fw-la omnis_fw-la latio_fw-la quae_fw-la seruit_fw-la purpura_fw-la ferro_fw-la and_o every_o king_n who_o rome_n vast_a power_n command_v thus_o do_v the_o sceptre_n continue_v among_o the_o jew_n in_o the_o sanhedrim_n after_o archelaus_n confiscation_n and_o evagoras_n king_n of_o cyrus_n as_o diodorus_n testify_v tell_v the_o king_n of_o persia_n 15._o lib._n 15._o that_o he_o will_v obey_v he_o but_o as_o one_o king_n obey_v another_o and_o when_o darius_n be_v overcome_v alexander_n be_v willing_a to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o kingdom_n but_o upon_o this_o condition_n 17._o lib._n 17._o that_o he_o may_v command_v other_o but_o obey_v he_o only_o such_o king_n there_o be_v also_o ancient_o in_o italy_n who_o though_o they_o rule_v other_o yet_o be_v themselves_o subject_a to_o other_o king_n so_o in_o aeschylus_n we_o read_v that_o among_o the_o persian_n there_o be_v reges_fw-la regis_fw-la magni_fw-la subices_fw-la petty_a king_n 3._o leunclav_n lib._n 18._o lib._n 1._o c._n 3._o §_o 17._o lib._n 3._o c._n 8._o §_o 3._o that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o great_a king_n as_o there_o be_v now_o also_o among_o the_o turk_n now_o as_o concern_v the_o manner_n how_o a_o empire_n may_v be_v mix_v we_o have_v already_o treat_v but_o sometime_o a_o part_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v take_v away_o the_o rest_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o conquer_a as_o be_v usual_a after_o the_o conquest_n to_o take_v away_o some_o part_n of_o the_o field_n and_o to_o leave_v another_o part_n to_o the_o ancient_a occupant_n x._o or_o at_o least_o some_o liberty_n yet_o when_o the_o 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wherein_o as_o christian_n we_o stand_v oblige_v as_o in_o case_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o booty_n so_o take_v do_v not_o impoverish_v the_o commonwealth_n or_o the_o king_n that_o maintain_v the_o war_n or_o those_o particular_a person_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a arm_n against_o we_o but_o rather_o such_o particular_a person_n as_o be_v innocent_a who_o likewise_o be_v thereby_o reduce_v into_o so_o miserable_a a_o condition_n that_o in_o case_n we_o shall_v cast_v those_o who_o be_v private_o indebt_v unto_o we_o into_o the_o like_a we_o shall_v be_v think_v unmerciful_o cruel_a whereunto_o if_o we_o likewise_o add_v that_o the_o spoil_n we_o take_v from_o these_o contribute_v little_a or_o nothing_o either_o to_o the_o finish_n of_o the_o war_n or_o to_o the_o enfeeble_v of_o the_o enemy_n strength_n it_o will_v easy_o convince_v we_o that_o it_o will_v ill_o become_v a_o honest_a man_n much_o less_o a_o christian_n to_o make_v a_o advantage_n to_o himself_o by_o the_o sole_a infelicity_n of_o the_o time_n for_o which_o very_a thing_n it_o be_v that_o plutarch_n so_o high_o blame_v crassus_n say_v pleraque_fw-la horum_fw-la ex_fw-la igne_fw-la belloque_fw-la rapuit_fw-la nihil_fw-la magis_fw-la lucro_fw-la habens_fw-la quam_fw-la commune_v calamitates_fw-la the_o great_a part_n of_o who_o riches_n he_o gain_v by_o fire_n and_o by_o war_n raise_v his_o private_a fortune_n by_o nothing_o more_o than_o by_o public_a calamity_n v._o how_o a_o private_a war_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o a_o public_a but_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o public_a war_n there_o arise_v a_o private_a as_o if_o a_o man_n fall_v by_o accident_n among_o his_o enemy_n and_o be_v thereby_o in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n or_o good_n in_o which_o case_n such_o mean_n as_o we_o have_v already_o grant_v 1._o grant_v lib._n 2._o c._n 1._o may_v lawful_o be_v use_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n we_o read_v that_o sometime_o in_o war_n private_a profit_n be_v warrant_v by_o public_a authority_n as_o when_o a_o man_n have_v sustain_v some_o extraordinary_a damage_n by_o the_o enemy_n obtain_v of_o his_o prince_n a_o commission_n to_o repair_v his_o loss_n by_o what_o he_o can_v get_v from_o the_o enemy_n which_o also_o be_v to_o be_v limit_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 2._o as_o pledge_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n be_v that_o be_v leave_v in_o gage_n vi_o how_o far_o he_o stand_v oblige_v who_o without_o command_n hurt_v a_o enemy_n but_o in_o case_n any_o soldier_n or_o other_o shall_v in_o a_o just_a war_n set_v fire_n to_o a_o enemy_n house_n or_o destroy_v his_o field_n or_o commit_v such_o and_o such_o like_a act_n whereby_o the_o enemy_n be_v damnify_v without_o special_a order_n or_o command_v from_o his_o superior_n whereunto_o we_o must_v add_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n or_o for_o some_o other_o just_a cause_n that_o man_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a divine_n stand_v oblige_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n i_o have_v here_o add_v what_o they_o have_v omit_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o other_o just_a cause_n because_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o cause_n he_o may_v haply_o be_v bind_v to_o answer_v for_o it_o to_o his_o own_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o law_n he_o have_v transgress_v but_o not_o to_o his_o enemy_n to_o who_o he_o have_v do_v no_o wrong_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o answer_n which_o a_o certain_a carthaginian_a make_v to_o the_o roman_n who_o demand_v that_o hannibal_n shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o they_o we_o say_v he_o be_v not_o to_o dispute_v with_o you_o whether_o saguntum_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o private_a command_n of_o hannibal_n or_o by_o the_o public_a decree_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a senate_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v just_o or_o unjust_o do_v for_o it_o belong_v unto_o we_o only_o to_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n be_v our_o subject_n whether_o he_o do_v it_o by_o his_o own_o authority_n or_o by_o we_o this_o only_o concern_v you_o to_o inquire_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v by_o that_o league_n which_o we_o have_v make_v with_o you_o chap._n xix_o concern_v faith_n to_o be_v keep_v between_o enemy_n i._o that_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o enemy_n ii_o the_o opinion_n that_o faith_n be_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v with_o thief_n and_o tyrant_n refute_v iii_o this_o argument_n that_o such_o deserve_v punishment_n answer_v be_v not_o considerable_a when_o we_o treat_v with_o they_o as_o such_o iu._n nor_o will_v it_o avail_v to_o urge_v that_o the_o promise_n be_v extort_a through_o fear_n if_o he_o that_o make_v the_o promise_n be_v not_o himself_o affright_v v._o or_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v confirm_v by_o oath_n though_o with_o man_n such_o a_o violation_n be_v not_o punishable_a vi_o this_o fit_v to_o rebellious_a subject_n in_o arm_n vii_o a_o notable_a difficulty_n handle_v concern_v promise_n make_v to_o subject_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n where_o it_o be_v show_v viii_o that_o such_o promise_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o city_n ix_o or_o it_o may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o such_o subject_n x._o how_o the_o government_n of_o a_o state_n may_v be_v change_v xi_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o exception_n of_o fear_n appertain_v not_o to_o a_o solemn_a war_n xii_o this_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fear_n as_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n xiii_o that_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v even_o with_o such_o as_o be_v perfidious_a fourteen_o but_o not_o if_o the_o condition_n be_v not_o fulfil_v or_o if_o either_o party_n refuse_v to_o stand_v to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o agreement_n xv._o nor_o if_o the_o thing_n promise_v be_v counterballance_v by_o a_o just_a debt_n xvi_o though_o that_o debt_n be_v due_a upon_o another_o account_n xvii_o nor_o if_o the_o promiser_n be_v otherwise_o damnify_v 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agesilaus_n from_o his_o example_n conclude_v thus_o so_o great_a and_o excellent_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o every_o man_n but_o especial_o general_n to_o be_v just_a and_o to_o be_v so_o account_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o oath_n and_o promise_n 4._o leuct_v 4._o so_o aristides_n in_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o of_o all_o other_o public_a agreement_n they_o be_v ever_o most_o to_o be_v regard_v that_o be_v most_o just_a there_o be_v no_o man_n as_o cicero_z well_o observe_v but_o approve_v of_o and_o commend_v that_o affection_n of_o mind_n by_o which_o no_o profit_n be_v seek_v after_o but_o rather_o faith_n be_v preserve_v against_o profit_n it_o be_v the_o public_a faith_n only_o as_o quintilian_n the_o father_n right_o observe_v that_o make_v truce_n even_o among_o arm_a troop_n and_o that_o conserves_n the_o right_a of_o surrender_a city_n i'faith_o say_v the_o same_o quintilian_n 29._o lib._n 2._o c._n 29._o be_v the_o strong_a and_o most_o indissoluble_a bond_n of_o humane_a society_n sacra_fw-la laus_fw-la fidei_fw-la inter_fw-la host_n its_o reputation_n be_v great_a even_o among_o enemy_n fides_n sanctissimum_fw-la humani_fw-la pectoris_fw-la bonum_fw-la faith_n say_v seneca_n be_v the_o most_o precious_a ornament_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n the_o best_a gift_n that_o god_n bestow_v upon_o man_n the_o strong_a support_n of_o humane_a society_n it_o be_v the_o cement_n that_o bind_v up_o all_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n between_o man_n and_o man_n qua_fw-la sine_fw-la non_fw-la tellus_fw-la pacem_fw-la non_fw-la aequoâ—a_fw-la norunt_fw-la justitiae_fw-la censor_n tacitúmque_fw-la in_o pectore_fw-la numen_fw-la without_o she_o no_o peace_n be_v firm_a either_o by_o land_n or_o sea_n she_o be_v justice_n mate_n a_o inward_a deity_n the_o roman_n place_v she_o in_o their_o capitol_n next_o to_o
power_n to_o grant_v away_o even_o what_o be_v her_o own_o now_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n may_v be_v so_o clear_a and_o so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o exception_n lege_fw-la legem_fw-la quae_fw-la te_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la obstrictum_fw-la tenet_fw-la read_v over_o your_o own_o law_n 3._o lib._n 5._o c._n 3._o say_v valerius_n maximus_n to_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n whereunto_o you_o stand_v bind_v by_o your_o oath_n and_o such_o law_n the_o roman_n hold_v as_o sacred_a because_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o keep_v they_o as_o cicero_n testify_v we_o find_v in_o livy_n a_o very_a pertinent_a discourse_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n 3._o orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n lib._n 3._o though_o of_o itself_o more_o obscure_a where_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a expositor_n of_o the_o law_n he_o assert_n that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n be_v sacrosanct_a that_o be_v so_o holy_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v injure_v without_o perjury_n but_o so_o be_v neither_o the_o aedile_n judges_z nor_o decemviri_fw-la and_o yet_o to_o injure_v either_o of_o these_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n the_o ground_n of_o which_o difference_n be_v this_o because_o these_o latter_a be_v think_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n alone_o but_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o last_o place_n enact_v by_o the_o people_n be_v most_o inviolable_a yet_o whilst_o the_o law_n remain_v in_o force_n no_o man_n can_v pretend_v to_o a_o right_a to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n but_o that_o which_o defend_v the_o tribune_n beside_o the_o law_n be_v the_o public_a religion_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o they_o be_v all_o bind_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n not_o to_o offer_v violence_n unto_o they_o which_o they_o that_o take_v can_v not_o break_v without_o give_v a_o public_a scandal_n to_o their_o religion_n this_o light_n we_o receive_v from_o a_o place_n in_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_fw-la where_o it_o be_v thus_o record_v brutus_n call_v the_o assembly_n together_o propose_v it_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n may_v thenceforth_o be_v render_v inviolable_a not_o by_o the_o law_n only_o but_o by_o a_o public_a oath_n whereunto_o all_o the_o people_n give_v consent_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n be_v call_v sacred_a gracchi_n plut._n vit_fw-mi gracchi_n and_o therefore_o that_o fact_n of_o tiberius_n gracchas_n in_o depose_v octavius_n from_o the_o tribuneship_n allege_v that_o the_o tribunitial_a power_n have_v its_o sanctimony_n from_o the_o people_n but_o not_o to_o be_v exercise_v against_o they_o be_v much_o condemn_v by_o all_o honest_a man_n and_o therefore_o as_o i_o have_v say_v as_o well_o a_o city_n as_o a_o king_n may_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o oath_n in_o such_o agreement_n as_o they_o make_v with_o their_o own_o citizen_n or_o subject_n ix_o or_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n for_o the_o subject_n but_o yet_o far_o a_o promise_n or_o agreement_n make_v by_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o their_o own_o subject_n shall_v be_v valid_a be_v make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n who_o have_v give_v no_o cause_n of_o fear_n but_o wherein_o and_o how_o far_o forth_o that_o three_o person_n may_v stand_v interest_v in_o that_o promise_n be_v one_o of_o the_o nicety_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n we_o shall_v not_o here_o search_v into_o for_o natural_o it_o concern_v all_o man_n to_o provide_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o other_o thus_o we_o read_v that_o king_n philip_n have_v make_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o roman_n bind_v himself_o by_o promise_n not_o to_o revenge_v himself_o on_o those_o fugitive_n who_o during_o the_o war_n have_v side_v with_o the_o roman_n x._o how_o the_o public_a state_n may_v be_v change_v but_o yet_o possible_a it_o be_v as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v that_o a_o state_n may_v sometime_o become_v mix_v and_o as_o from_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n it_o may_v pass_v into_o a_o absolute_a aristocracy_n or_o democracy_n so_o also_o it_o may_v by_o covenant_n and_o agreement_n be_v transfer_v from_o any_o one_o of_o these_o simple_a into_o one_o mix_v of_o any_o two_o or_o of_o all_o so_o as_o they_o which_o before_o be_v subject_n may_v begin_v to_o settle_v the_o government_n in_o themselves_o or_o at_o least_o some_o part_n thereof_o even_o with_o a_o liberty_n to_o defend_v and_o protect_v their_o own_o party_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n xi_o that_o fear_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v no_o just_a exception_n but_o a_o solemn_a war_n that_o be_v such_o a_o war_n as_o be_v on_o both_o side_n public_a and_o denounce_v among_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o by_o that_o right_n which_o we_o call_v external_a it_o peculiar_o enjoy_v have_v this_o also_o that_o all_o promise_n make_v in_o that_o war_n or_o that_o conduce_v to_o the_o conclude_v of_o it_o be_v so_o firm_a and_o valid_a that_o though_o they_o be_v cause_v through_o a_o fear_n unjust_o bring_v yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v null_v or_o make_v void_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v because_o as_o many_o other_o thing_n though_o in_o themselves_o not_o altogether_o just_a yet_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n repute_v so_o so_o fear_v though_o it_o be_v in_o either_o side_n unjust_o cause_v yet_o shall_v it_o in_o such_o a_o war_n by_o the_o same_o law_n be_v account_v just_a which_o unless_o grant_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o such_o solemn_a war_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o too_o frequent_a can_v be_v neither_o moderate_v nor_o end_v both_o which_o be_v very_o expedient_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o this_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v be_v that_o right_n in_o war_n which_o cicero_n tell_v we_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v even_o with_o enemy_n 4._o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 3._o ver._n 4._o to_o who_o also_o it_o be_v elsewhere_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o right_n which_o a_o enemy_n may_v retain_v though_o in_o war_n namely_o not_o such_o only_a as_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o some_o such_o also_o as_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n neither_o do_v it_o hence_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n have_v extort_a any_o such_o thing_n may_v without_o the_o breach_n of_o piety_n or_o honesty_n retain_v what_o he_o have_v thereby_o get_v or_o compel_v another_o to_o perform_v such_o a_o promise_n swear_v or_o unsworn_a for_o internal_o and_o in_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o still_o remain_v unjust_a neither_o can_v this_o internal_a injustice_n of_o the_o act_n be_v otherwise_o remove_v than_o by_o the_o new_a and_o absolute_o free_a consent_n of_o the_o promiser_n again_o xii_o this_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fear_n as_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereas_o that_o fear_n be_v say_v here_o to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v cause_v in_o a_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fear_n as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v not_o disallow_v as_o for_o example_n a_o promise_n wrest_v from_o a_o ambassador_n that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n shall_v not_o yield_v the_o least_o advantage_n to_o he_o that_o extort_v it_o as_o mariana_n testify_v so_o in_o case_n any_o thing_n be_v extort_a through_o the_o fear_n of_o ravishment_n or_o through_o any_o other_o the_o like_a terror_n or_o affrightment_n contrary_a to_o our_o faith_n give_v this_o aught_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v no_o cognizance_n of_o any_o such_o fear_n again_o xiii_o that_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o perfidious_a that_o faith_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o perfidious_a we_o have_v in_o a_o more_o general_a treatise_n already_o prove_v which_o also_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o st_n ambrose_n which_o without_o doubt_n reach_v even_o unto_o such_o enemy_n as_o be_v altogether_o faithless_a such_o as_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v unto_o the_o roman_n who_o notwithstanding_o keep_v their_o faith_n inviolable_o with_o they_o for_o 6._o lib._n 6._o c._n 6._o as_o valerius_n maximus_n well_o observe_v the_o roman_a senate_n regard_v not_o what_o the_o carthaginian_n deserve_v but_o what_o in_o honour_n become_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v the_o testimony_n that_o sallust_n give_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o war_n say_v he_o between_o rome_n and_o carthage_n though_o the_o carthaginian_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o during_o their_o truce_n commit_v many_o outrage_n yet_o will_v not_o the_o roman_n upon_o any_o provocation_n permit_v that_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v do_v
concern_v such_o as_o have_v be_v by_o the_o chance_n of_o war_n make_v slave_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o dedition_n of_o such_o who_o be_v not_o banish_v seq_n lib._n 2._o c._n 21._o §._o 3._o &_o seq_n but_o do_v fly_v to_o avoid_v condign_a punishment_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o treat_v xlii_o war_n sometime_o end_v by_o lot_n to_o determine_v a_o war_n by_o lot_n be_v not_o always_o lawful_a but_o then_o only_o when_o we_o have_v a_o absolute_a propriety_n in_o the_o thing_n contend_v for_o for_o city_n be_v to_o be_v defend_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o life_n good_n chastity_n and_o such_o like_a of_o their_o citizen_n and_o king_n be_v more_o strict_o bind_v to_o defend_v the_o general_a safety_n of_o their_o kingdom_n than_o to_o omit_v those_o mean_n which_o for_o their_o own_o and_o other_o defence_n be_v most_o natural_a but_o yet_o in_o case_n he_o that_o be_v unjust_o invade_v shall_v upon_o due_a examination_n find_v himself_o too_o weak_a to_o â—ake_v any_o considerable_a resistance_n it_o may_v seem_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o refer_v the_o quarrel_n to_o the_o chance_n of_o a_o lot_n that_o so_o by_o expose_v himself_o to_o a_o danger_n that_o be_v uncertain_a he_o may_v avoid_v one_o that_o be_v certain_a of_o which_o two_o evil_n the_o lesser_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v xliii_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o event_n of_o a_o set_a number_n of_o combatant_n but_o here_o follow_v a_o case_n very_o much_o dispute_v namely_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o determine_v a_o war_n by_o the_o success_n of_o a_o battle_n fight_v by_o a_o appoint_a number_n of_o combatant_n as_o between_o on_o each_o side_n one_o as_o that_o between_o turnus_n and_o aeneas_n menelaus_n and_o paris_n or_o between_o on_o each_o side_n two_o as_o between_o the_o aetolian_n and_o the_o aelian_o or_o between_o on_o each_o side_n three_o as_o that_o between_o the_o roman_a horatij_n and_o the_o aâ—ban_n curatii_n or_o between_o on_o each_o side_n three_o hundred_o as_o that_o between_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o the_o argive_n whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o we_o look_v no_o far_o than_o unto_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v external_a without_o doubt_n such_o a_o decision_n be_v lawful_a for_o by_o that_o law_n every_o man_n may_v destroy_v his_o enemy_n any_o way_n but_o if_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n roman_n and_o other_o nation_n every_o man_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o his_o own_o life_n then_o sure_o there_o be_v nothing_o therein_o repugnant_a to_o internal_a justice_n but_o this_o opinion_n as_o we_o have_v often_o say_v be_v contrary_a not_o only_o to_o right_a reason_n but_o to_o god_n precept_n for_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n for_o his_o detain_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o may_v well_o spare_v 1._o lib._n 2._o c._n 7._o §._o 12._o &_o lib._n 2._o c._n 19_o §._o 5._o c._n 21._o §._o 1._o be_v as_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v to_o transgress_v the_o rule_n of_o charity_n whereunto_o let_v we_o now_o add_v that_o if_o he_o to_o who_o god_n have_v give_v life_n as_o a_o blessing_n shall_v set_v so_o mean_o by_o it_o as_o to_o cast_v it_o away_o for_o a_o trifle_n he_o sin_n both_o against_o god_n and_o his_o own_o soul_n if_o the_o thing_n contend_v for_o be_v worthy_a of_o a_o war_n as_o if_o it_o be_v undertake_v to_o preserve_v the_o life_n of_o many_o innocent_a person_n as_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n pretend_v when_o he_o challenge_v francis_n the_o first_o king_n of_o france_n to_o a_o single_a combat_n in_o this_o case_n we_o ought_v with_o all_o our_o power_n to_o endeavour_v it_o but_o to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o set_a combat_n cajetan_n aq._n 2.2_o c._n 95._o aâ—t_fw-la 8._o &_o ibi_fw-la cajetan_n either_o as_o a_o trial_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o cause_n or_o as_o a_o instrument_n of_o divine_a judgement_n be_v vain_a and_o abhorrent_n from_o true_a piety_n there_o be_v but_o one_o only_a case_n which_o render_v such_o a_o combat_n just_a and_o innocent_a and_o that_o too_o but_o on_o one_o side_n only_o which_o be_v when_o nothing_o can_v reasonable_o be_v expect_v but_o that_o he_o who_o maintain_v a_o unjust_a cause_n will_v otherwise_o be_v certain_o the_o victor_n and_o will_v prosecute_v his_o victory_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o multitude_n of_o innocent_n now_o he_o that_o shall_v in_o this_o case_n adventure_v his_o life_n by_o any_o mean_n whereby_o he_o conceive_v any_o probable_a hope_n to_o prevail_v must_v needs_o be_v innocent_a or_o at_o least_o so_o repute_v but_o yet_o we_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o many_o thing_n though_o not_o exact_o do_v yet_o may_v be_v by_o other_o if_o not_o well_o approve_v of_o yet_o permit_v for_o the_o prevention_n of_o great_a mischief_n which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v avoid_v like_o as_o in_o many_o place_n gripe_a usury_n and_o public_a stew_n be_v at_o this_o day_n tolerate_v wherefore_o in_o that_o case_n former_o put_v of_o two_o person_n pretend_v with_o equal_a title_n to_o one_o kingdom_n which_o can_v be_v divide_v if_o they_o shall_v offer_v to_o try_v their_o fortune_n in_o such_o a_o combat_n the_o people_n may_v safe_o permit_v they_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o a_o more_o general_a calamity_n which_o must_v otherwise_o necessary_o ensue_v the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v where_o such_o a_o combat_n may_v put_v a_o end_n to_o any_o bloody_a war._n thus_o do_v cyrus_n challenge_v the_o king_n of_o assyria_n and_o metius_n in_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_fw-la thus_o conclude_v that_o see_v that_o the_o contest_v do_v not_o concern_v the_o power_n or_o dignity_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o of_o their_o prince_n only_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o they_o only_a who_o be_v concern_v shall_v decide_v the_o quarrel_n by_o arm_n between_o themselves_o thus_o do_v the_o adrianopolitans_n answer_v mahomet_n when_o he_o and_o musa_n zilebe_n contest_v for_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n and_o so_o we_o read_v of_o sundry_a challenge_n make_v by_o several_a pretender_n to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o kingdom_n as_o of_o that_o which_o charles_n the_o five_o send_v to_o francis_n the_o first_o king_n of_o france_n and_o of_o many_o duel_n fight_v in_o such_o case_n as_o that_o of_o heraclius_n the_o emperor_n with_o cosroe_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n xliv_o whether_o the_o fact_n of_o a_o king_n do_v oblige_v the_o people_n where_o also_o we_o must_v note_v that_o they_o that_o cast_v their_o fortune_n upon_o the_o trial_n of_o such_o combat_n may_v haply_o lose_v their_o own_o right_n if_o any_o they_o have_v to_o the_o thing_n contend_v for_o but_o they_o can_v transfer_v any_o right_n to_o another_o unless_o the_o kingdom_n contend_v for_o be_v patrimonial_a and_o therefore_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o such_o agreement_n the_o consent_n not_o only_o of_o the_o people_n but_o of_o such_o as_o have_v any_o right_n to_o the_o succession_n if_o there_o be_v any_o then_o bear_v will_v be_v necessary_a and_o so_o it_o be_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o chief_a lord_n in_o those_o estate_n that_o be_v not_o free_a xlv_o who_o be_v to_o be_v adjudge_v the_o conqueror_n it_o be_v likewise_o frequent_o dispute_v where_o such_o combat_n be_v permit_v which_o be_v the_o conquer_a party_n see_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v absolute_o conquer_v unless_o all_o the_o combatant_n on_o one_o side_n be_v either_o kill_v or_o put_v to_o flight_n as_o in_o livy_n 1._o livy_n lib._n 3._o guic._n lib._n 1._o he_o that_o forsake_v his_o ground_n shall_v retreat_v either_o within_o his_o own_o bound_n or_o unto_o place_n of_o strength_n be_v say_v to_o be_v conquer_v among_o those_o three_o famous_a historian_n herodotus_n thucydides_n and_o polybius_n we_o read_v of_o three_o question_n propose_v concern_v victory_n the_o first_o whereof_o concern_v this_o of_o set_a combat_n but_o he_o that_o judicious_o weigh_v it_o shall_v find_v that_o both_o party_n depart_v the_o field_n without_o any_o true_a victory_n 1._o herod_n lib._n 1._o for_o the_o argive_n be_v not_o put_v to_o flight_n by_o othryades_n but_o march_v away_o by_o night_n steadfast_o believe_v and_o as_o confident_o proclaim_v themselves_o conqueror_n to_o their_o own_o countryman_n 1._o thucyd._n lib._n 1._o neither_o be_v the_o corinthian_n rout_v by_o the_o corcyrean_o but_o have_v fight_v it_o out_o gallant_o and_o perceive_v a_o strong_a fleet_n of_o the_o athenian_n near_o they_o without_o endanger_v their_o force_n with_o the_o athenian_n they_o make_v a_o safe_a retreat_n but_o philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n have_v take_v a_o single_a ship_n of_o attalus_n forsake_v by_o her_o mariner_n though_o he_o be_v far_o enough_o from_o destroy_v his_o whole_a fleet_n yet_o thereupon_o as_o
follow_v that_o sense_n that_o have_v the_o least_o of_o doubt_n in_o it_o but_o especial_o when_o the_o dispute_n arise_v between_o two_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o have_v no_o common_a judge_n between_o they_o may_v be_v presume_v to_o restrain_v the_o power_n of_o arbiter_n within_o those_o strict_a rule_n of_o justice_n which_o judge_n be_v usual_o confine_v to_o xlviii_o arbiter_n not_o to_o judge_n of_o possession_n where_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o such_o as_o be_v choose_v arbiter_n by_o a_o people_n or_o such_o as_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n over_o they_o aught_o to_o give_v sentence_n on_o the_o principal_a matter_n but_o not_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o possession_n for_o the_o judgement_n of_o these_o belong_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n dominion_n follow_v the_o right_a of_o possession_n and_o therefore_o till_o the_o cause_n be_v try_v no_o innovation_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v as_o well_o to_o avoid_v prejudice_n as_o because_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n out_o of_o possession_n be_v difficult_a wherefore_o livy_n in_o his_o book_n of_o plea_n between_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o massinissa_n have_v this_o observation_n legati_fw-la jus_o possessionum_fw-la non_fw-la mutarunt_fw-la ambassador_n do_v never_o alter_v the_o right_n of_o possession_n xlix_o what_o the_o power_n be_v of_o a_o pure_a dedition_n there_o be_v also_o a_o assume_v of_o a_o arbiter_n but_o of_o another_o kind_n when_o a_o man_n yield_v himself_o up_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o very_a enemy_n which_o be_v a_o pure_a and_o absolute_a surrender_n whereby_o he_o make_v himself_o a_o slave_n and_o give_v his_o enemy_n sovereign_a power_n over_o he_o thus_o the_o aetolian_n in_o livy_n be_v demand_v in_o the_o senate_n whether_o they_o will_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o roman_n this_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o l._n cornelius_n lentulus_n 37._o lib._n 37._o as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o appian_n about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n 14._o lib._n 14._o concern_v the_o affair_n of_o carthage_n let_v the_o carthaginian_n say_v he_o submit_v themselves_o to_o our_o censure_n as_o the_o vanquish_a usual_o do_v and_o as_o many_o other_o have_v former_o do_v then_o we_o shall_v see_v how_o thankful_a they_o will_v be_v for_o what_o we_o shall_v give_v they_o neither_o shall_v they_o call_v this_o a_o league_n for_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o league_n and_o this_o be_v great_a for_o if_o we_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o they_o they_o will_v never_o want_v some_o plausible_a excuse_n to_o break_v it_o allege_v that_o they_o have_v be_v first_o injure_v in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o for_o see_v that_o many_o word_n in_o that_o league_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o doubtful_a interpretation_n they_o can_v never_o want_v a_o pretence_n that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o cavil_v but_o when_o we_o shall_v have_v disarm_v they_o as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o our_o slave_n then_o at_o length_n they_o will_v perceive_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o that_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o and_o then_o they_o will_v despond_v and_o whatsoever_o we_o shall_v afterward_o give_v they_o they_o will_v thankful_o accept_v of_o as_o of_o a_o mere_a gratuity_n but_o here_o also_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o what_o the_o conquer_a aught_o to_o suffer_v what_o the_o conqueror_n by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o conquest_n may_v do_v and_o last_o what_o most_o of_o all_o become_v he_o the_o conquer_a party_n have_v yield_v themselves_o aught_o to_o suffer_v whatsoever_o the_o conqueror_n will_v impose_v upon_o they_o for_o be_v perfect_o enslave_v if_o we_o respect_v that_o right_n of_o war_n that_o be_v external_a they_o have_v nothing_o but_o what_o may_v be_v take_v from_o they_o even_o their_o life_n and_o personal_a liberty_n much_o more_o their_o good_n whether_o they_o be_v those_o that_o be_v public_a or_o those_o that_o belong_v unto_o they_o as_o private_a man_n 37._o lib._n 37._o the_o aetolian_n say_v livy_n have_v yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o will_n of_o their_o enemy_n dread_v nothing_o more_o than_o corporal_a punishment_n 4._o above_o book_n 3_o chap._n 8._o sect._n 4._o and_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v when_o all_o thing_n be_v surrender_v it_o rest_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o conqueror_n what_o he_o will_v take_v away_o and_o wherein_o and_o how_o far_o he_o will_v punish_v the_o conquer_a pertinent_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o livy_n it_o be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o people_n or_o a_o king_n with_o who_o they_o be_v not_o join_v in_o friendship_n either_o by_o league_n or_o by_o equal_a law_n not_o to_o use_v their_o sovereign_a power_n over_o they_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o they_o until_o they_o have_v first_o deliver_v up_o unto_o they_o all_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a and_o until_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o hostage_n take_v away_o their_o arm_n and_o have_v place_v garrison_n in_o their_o city_n yea_o and_o sometime_o they_o that_o thus_o surrender_v themselves_o may_v be_v kill_v as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 18._o show_v above_o book_n 3_o chap._n 11._o sect._n 18._o l._n the_o duty_n of_o a_o conqueror_n towards_o the_o conquer_a but_o the_o conqueror_n that_o he_o may_v do_v nothing_o unjust_o ought_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v care_n that_o no_o man_n life_n be_v take_v from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o crime_n that_o deserve_v death_n as_o also_o that_o no_o man_n good_n be_v take_v from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o a_o just_a punishment_n for_o in_o the_o conqueror_n there_o be_v nothing_o so_o honourable_a nor_o in_o some_o case_n so_o necessary_a as_o in_o this_o manner_n to_o extend_v his_o clemency_n and_o liberality_n to_o the_o conquer_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o his_o own_o security_n finem_fw-la see_v book_n 3_o chap._n 15._o in_o finem_fw-la when_o cyrus_n have_v subdue_v the_o assyrian_n he_o comfort_v they_o by_o this_o assurance_n that_o their_o condition_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o that_o before_o it_o be_v their_o house_n land_n wife_n and_o child_n they_o shall_v free_o enjoy_v and_o in_o case_n any_o personal_a injury_n be_v offer_v they_o both_o he_o and_o he_o will_v ready_o defend_v they_o admirable_a be_v the_o effect_n of_o those_o war_n that_o be_v conclude_v with_o a_o general_a pardon_n thus_o do_v nicholas_n the_o syracusian_a plead_v in_o diodorus_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o those_o that_o have_v yield_v to_o mercy_n they_o have_v say_v he_o yield_v themselves_o and_o give_v up_o their_o arm_n rely_v whole_o on_o the_o conqueror_n clemency_n quare_fw-la indignum_fw-la foret_fw-la eos_fw-la decipi_fw-la spe_fw-la nostrae_fw-la humanitatis_fw-la wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o everlasting_a dishonour_n to_o we_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v deceive_v in_o their_o confidence_n they_o have_v of_o our_o clemency_n and_o a_o little_a after_o who_o among_o all_o the_o grecian_n do_v ever_o inexorable_o condemn_v they_o to_o punishment_n who_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o conqueror_n mercy_n appian_n bring_v in_o octavius_n caesar_n thus_o bespeak_v l._n antonius_n when_o he_o come_v to_o surrender_v himself_o if_o the_o end_n of_o thy_o come_n hither_o have_v be_v to_o purchase_v thy_o peace_n only_o thou_o have_v find_v i_o not_o only_o a_o conqueror_n but_o such_o a_o conqueror_n as_o be_v thorough_o incense_v by_o the_o wrong_n thou_o have_v do_v but_o since_o thou_o be_v come_v to_o yield_v thyself_o thy_o friend_n and_o thy_o arm_n to_o our_o discretion_n thou_o have_v appease_v my_o anger_n and_o take_v away_o from_o i_o that_o power_n i_o have_v to_o have_v enforce_v thou_o to_o have_v accept_v of_o what_o condition_n i_o please_v for_o i_o be_o now_o to_o weigh_v not_o so_o much_o what_o thou_o deserve_v to_o suffer_v as_o what_o become_v i_o to_o grant_v wherefore_o i_o shall_v choose_v rather_o to_o consult_v my_o own_o honour_n by_o forgive_a than_o to_o gratify_v my_o passion_n by_o a_o just_a revenge_n we_o do_v often_o meet_v with_o these_o expression_n in_o the_o roman_a story_n namely_o that_o the_o conquer_a do_v yield_v themselves_o sometime_o to_o the_o faith_n sometime_o to_o the_o mercy_n or_o clemency_n of_o the_o conqueror_n as_o in_o livy_n to_o those_o ambassador_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o neighbour_n province_n to_o surrender_v their_o city_n to_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o give_v a_o gracious_a audience_n so_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o king_n perseus_n he_o say_v paulus_n earnest_o labour_v that_o he_o may_v be_v permit_v to_o surrender_v both_o himself_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v he_o to_o the_o faith_n and_o clemency_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n whereby_o nothing_o else_o be_v to_o be_v
approbare_fw-la potuit_fw-la nec_fw-la rescindere_fw-la voluit_fw-la the_o roman_a senate_n neither_o can_v approve_v of_o nor_o will_v for_o reason_n of_o state_n rescind_n many_o other_o such_o like_a example_n we_o may_v find_v in_o history_n iu._n what_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v contrary_a to_o command_v and_o here_o also_o we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o have_v former_o deliver_v namely_o that_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n may_v be_v oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o his_o general_n in_o case_n he_o transgress_v not_o the_o bound_n of_o his_o public_a office_n though_o he_o act_v contrary_a to_o his_o private_a instruction_n this_o equity_n be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o roman_a praetor_n in_o such_o action_n as_o concern_v factory_n for_o it_o be_v not_o every_o contract_n make_v with_o a_o factor_n that_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o he_o that_o employ_v he_o but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v make_v concern_v such_o good_n for_o which_o he_o be_v appoint_v his_o factor_n but_o in_o case_n it_o be_v public_o proclaim_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v thenceforth_o treat_v or_o make_v any_o agreement_n with_o such_o a_o man_n that_o man_n shall_v no_o long_o be_v treat_v with_o as_o a_o chief_a minister_n nay_o though_o such_o a_o proclamation_n be_v make_v yet_o if_o it_o appear_v not_o so_o to_o the_o contractor_n whatsoever_o shall_v be_v by_o he_o agree_v on_o shall_v bind_v the_o prince_n that_o first_o employ_v he_o moreover_o the_o condition_n of_o his_o preposition_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v treat_v with_o under_o such_o a_o certain_a condition_n and_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o such_o a_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o that_o person_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o business_n for_o which_o he_o be_v commissionated_a aught_o in_o all_o equity_n to_o be_v observe_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o some_o prince_n or_o people_n be_v more_o and_o some_o less_o bind_v by_o such_o contract_n as_o be_v make_v by_o their_o general_n if_o their_o several_a law_n and_o constitution_n be_v sufficient_o know_v but_o in_o case_n these_o be_v not_o well_o know_v then_o must_v we_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o most_o likely_a conjecture_n which_o always_o presume_v that_o to_o be_v within_o their_o power_n without_o which_o they_o can_v well_o discharge_v the_o office_n of_o a_o general_n but_o yet_o if_o any_o such_o inferior_a officer_n shall_v transgress_v his_o commission_n and_o promise_v more_o than_o he_o can_v perform_v he_o himself_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o full_a value_n unless_o some_o law_n sufficient_o know_v shall_v hinder_v it_o so_o likewise_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v any_o fraud_n in_o the_o case_n as_o if_o such_o a_o principal_a commander_n shall_v pretend_v to_o have_v a_o great_a power_n give_v he_o by_o his_o prince_n than_o indeed_o he_o have_v he_o shall_v then_o be_v oblige_v to_o satisfy_v for_o the_o damage_n thereby_o sustain_v yea_o and_o if_o through_o his_o crime_n some_o great_a injury_n do_v arise_v to_o the_o adverse_a party_n he_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v punishment_n answerable_a to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o former_a case_n his_o good_n shall_v make_v satisfaction_n and_o if_o those_o fall_v short_a his_o service_n or_o his_o corporal_a liberty_n in_o the_o latter_a his_o person_n or_o his_o good_n or_o both_o according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o crime_n neither_o will_v it_o suffice_v in_o the_o case_n of_o fraud_n to_o declare_v beforehand_o that_o he_o will_v not_o oblige_v himself_o for_o as_o well_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o damage_n do_v as_o punishment_n for_o a_o crime_n commit_v be_v both_o of_o they_o due_a not_o by_o a_o voluntary_a but_o by_o a_o natural_a obligation_n v._o in_o which_o case_n the_o other_o party_n stand_v oblige_v now_o because_o in_o all_o such_o contract_n either_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o principal_a minister_n do_v stand_v oblige_v therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o other_o party_n be_v thereby_o oblige_v for_o the_o contract_n can_v be_v say_v to_o halt_v and_o by_o this_o we_o may_v discern_v the_o power_n that_o subordinate_a commander_n have_v to_o oblige_v their_o superior_n vi_o what_o power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o inferior_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o inferior_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o a_o general_n have_v a_o power_n over_o his_o soldier_n and_o a_o magistrate_n over_o his_o citizen_n as_o to_o those_o act_n that_o be_v usual_o subject_a to_o their_o command_n but_o not_o otherwise_o without_o their_o consent_n on_o the_o contrary_a a_o agreement_n make_v by_o a_o general_n or_o a_o magistrate_n in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o profitable_a shall_v whole_o bind_v their_o inferior_n for_o this_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o their_o office_n and_o authority_n yea_o and_o in_o such_o thing_n also_o as_o be_v burdensome_a and_o chargeable_a so_o as_o those_o burden_n be_v such_o only_a as_o have_v be_v usual_o exact_v but_o as_o to_o those_o that_o be_v extraordinary_a they_o stand_v not_o oblige_v without_o their_o own_o consent_n and_o acceptance_n which_o thing_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n prove_v 18._o lib._n 2._o c._n 12._o §_o 18._o concern_v a_o stipulation_n make_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o a_o three_o person_n but_o these_o general_n will_v receive_v a_o clear_a light_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o these_o particular_n vii_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o general_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n it_o belong_v not_o to_o a_o general_n to_o look_v into_o the_o cause_n or_o consequence_n of_o a_o war_n it_o be_v his_o duty_n careful_o to_o manage_v the_o war_n but_o not_o to_o conclude_v it_o yea_o though_o he_o have_v the_o great_a power_n that_o can_v be_v give_v he_o by_o his_o commission_n yet_o shall_v it_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n only_o neque_fw-la enim_fw-la nos_fw-la jus_fw-la habemus_fw-la ordinandi_fw-la res_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la for_o neither_o have_v we_o any_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o what_o only_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n say_v belisarius_n to_o the_o goth_n thus_o agesilaus_n answer_v the_o persian_n de_fw-fr pace_n constituendi_fw-la jus_fw-la est_fw-la penes_fw-la civitatem_fw-la it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o make_v peace_n and_o therefore_o the_o peace_n which_o albinus_n make_v with_o jugurtha_n without_o order_n from_o the_o senate_n the_o senate_n break_v as_o sallust_n inform_v we_o thus_o likewise_o livy_n quî_fw-la rata_fw-la ista_fw-la pax_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la authoritate_fw-la senatus_n non_fw-la jussu_fw-la populi_fw-la romani_fw-la peregerimus_fw-la what_o stability_n can_v there_o be_v in_o that_o peace_n which_o be_v make_v without_o any_o order_n or_o decree_n either_o of_o the_o senate_n or_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o therefore_o neither_o do_v that_o promise_n make_v at_o caudis_fw-la nor_o that_o make_v at_o numantia_n bound_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v and_o thus_o far_o be_v that_o of_o posthumius_fw-la verify_v if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n whereunto_o a_o people_n may_v be_v oblige_v they_o may_v be_v also_o oblige_v to_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o all_o thing_n that_o concern_v not_o the_o conduct_n of_o war._n and_o this_o be_v apparent_a by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v about_o surrenders_n and_o about_o sponsion_n make_v for_o the_o leave_v or_o burn_v of_o city_n and_o concern_v the_o change_n of_o government_n viii_o but_o it_o be_v to_o grant_v truce_n to_o grant_v truce_n be_v in_o the_o power_n not_o of_o a_o general_n only_o but_o of_o inferior_a commander_n that_o be_v to_o such_o as_o they_o either_o assault_n or_o hold_v besiege_v so_o far_o forth_o i_o mean_v as_o it_o shall_v concern_v themselves_o and_o their_o force_n for_o other_o commander_n be_v not_o thereby_o oblige_v as_o we_o may-learn_a from_o the_o example_n of_o fabius_n and_o marcellus_n record_v by_o livy_n 24._o lib._n 24._o ix_o but_o not_o to_o dispose_v of_o man_n empire_n or_o land_n on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o dispose_v of_o man_n empire_n or_o land_n be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o general_n and_o therefore_o be_v tigranes_n dispossess_v of_o syria_n by_o the_o senate_n although_o it_o have_v be_v give_v he_o by_o lucullus_n 40._o lucullus_n just_a l._n 40._o neither_o be_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o massinissa_n to_o release_v sophonisba_n who_o he_o have_v take_v in_o war_n because_o as_o scipio_n plead_v she_o be_v under_o the_o power_n and_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n 30._o rome_n liv._o l._n 30._o but_o over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spoil_n the_o general_n have_v some_o kind_n of_o right_n yet_o not_o so_o much_o by_o virtue_n of_o
commendable_a wherefore_o they_o that_o blame_v king_n perseus_n for_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v delude_v through_o hope_n of_o peace_n have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o regard_n to_o justice_n and_o fidelity_n 42._o liv._o l._n 42._o as_o to_o the_o generosity_n of_o a_o mind_n emulous_a of_o martial_a glory_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_o collect_v from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o deceit_n and_o stratagem_n usual_a in_o war._n such_o be_v that_o stratagem_n wherewith_o asdrubal_n preserve_v himself_o and_o his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o ausetane_a forest_n and_o that_o also_o whereby_o scipio_n african_a the_o elder_a 30._o see_v bo._n 3._o c._n 1._o §._o 6._o etc._n etc._n livy_n l._n 26._o lib._n 30._o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o syphax_n his_o camp_n both_o which_o we_o find_v record_v by_o livy_n who_o example_n l._n silvius_n also_o follow_v in_o the_o social_a war_n at_o esernia_n as_o frontinus_n inform_v we_o v._o of_o dumb_a sign_n which_o by_o custom_n be_v significant_a there_o be_v also_o some_o dumb_a sign_n which_o through_o custom_n be_v significant_a as_o testify_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n as_o of_o old_a the_o branch_n of_o olive_n and_o among_o the_o macedonian_n the_o erection_n of_o pike_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o cover_n of_o their_o head_n with_o their_o shield_n these_o be_v then_o the_o usual_a sign_n of_o submission_n and_o rendition_n so_o also_o be_v the_o fold_n of_o the_o hand_n behind_o they_o among_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o turn_n of_o their_o shield_n and_o ensign_n downward_o among_o the_o roman_n 22._o lib._n 18._o lib._n 26._o lib._n 22._o as_o ammianus_n testify_v the_o german_n and_o from_o they_o some_o other_o nation_n express_v their_o submission_n by_o the_o hold_v forth_o of_o herb_n or_o grass_n as_o pliny_n tell_v we_o and_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o conqueror_n do_v usual_o cast_v away_o their_o arm_n and_o beg_v mercy_n as_o servius_n note_v upon_o virgil._n but_o he_o that_o will_v signify_v his_o acception_n of_o a_o surrender_n whether_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v quarter_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o we_o may_v inform_v ourselves_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v above_o in_o our_o day_n the_o hang_v forth_o of_o a_o white_a flagg_n be_v a_o tacit_a sign_n that_o a_o treaty_n be_v demand_v so_o among_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n as_o johannes_n magnus_n relate_v 30._o pliny_n l._n 15._o c._n 30._o the_o like_a do_v pliny_n write_v of_o the_o laurel_n all_o which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o several_a nation_n be_v no_o less_o significant_a and_o consequent_o as_o obligatory_a as_o if_o they_o be_v express_v by_o word_n and_o voice_n vi_o of_o a_o tacit_a approbation_n of_o something_o demand_v a_o sponsion_n make_v by_o a_o general_n how_o far_o forth_o it_o may_v be_v believe_v to_o be_v tacit_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o prince_n or_o people_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v 17._o declare_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 4._o §._o 15._o &_o bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o §._o 17._o as_o namely_o when_o both_o the_o act_n be_v sufficient_o know_v and_o thereupon_o some_o thing_n do_v or_o not_o do_v whereof_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o what_o proceed_v from_o their_o consent_n to_o that_o promise_n or_o agreement_n vii_o punishment_n when_o tacit_o remit_v we_o can_v conclude_v that_o a_o punishment_n be_v remit_v because_o it_o be_v for_o a_o time_n dissemble_v or_o connive_v at_o but_o some_o other_o act_n must_v necessary_o intervene_v which_o either_o by_o itself_o may_v argue_v either_o a_o perfect_a reconciliation_n as_o when_o a_o league_n of_o friendship_n be_v make_v with_o such_o a_o man_n or_o at_o least_o that_o the_o person_n offend_v have_v so_o great_a a_o opinion_n of_o the_o virtue_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o person_n punishable_a that_o what_o he_o former_o do_v deserve_v to_o be_v pardon_v whether_o this_o opinion_n be_v by_o word_n express_v or_o by_o such_o other_o mean_v as_o be_v usual_o take_v to_o signify_v as_o much_o viii_o whether_o the_o actor_n be_v pardon_v the_o instigator_n be_v also_o acquit_v another_o question_n we_o find_v discuss_v by_o polybius_n namely_o whether_o a_o punishment_n be_v remit_v to_o they_o that_o do_v the_o mischief_n may_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v remit_v to_o they_o that_o command_v it_o to_o be_v do_v which_o i_o conceive_v it_o ought_v not_o for_z singulos_fw-la tenent_fw-la sva_fw-la delicta_fw-la every_o fox_n ought_v to_o pay_v his_o own_o skin_n to_o the_o fleaer_fw-mi and_o every_o offender_n bear_v his_o own_o punishment_n a_o table_n put_v alphabetical_o guide_v to_o the_o principal_a matter_n and_o word_n contain_v in_o the_o treatise_n a._n abraham_n declare_v sarah_n to_o be_v his_o sister_n do_v not_o deny_v she_o to_o be_v his_o wife_n page_n 438_o abraham_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o four_o king_n with_o commission_n from_o god_n 13_o 15._o and_o give_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o spoil_n unto_o god_n page_n 468_o abraham_n son_n by_o keturah_n have_v legacy_n no_o land_n page_n 125_o abraham_n assist_v infidel_n in_o a_o social_n war_n page_n 185_o the_o absent_v right_o devolve_v upon_o the_o present_a page_n 114_o the_o absent_a sometime_o partake_v of_o the_o spoil_n page_n 476_o absolution_n and_o dispensation_n from_o oath_n from_o whence_o they_o arise_v 174._o to_o who_o they_o ancient_o belong_v ibid._n abstinence_n from_o spoil_v a_o country_n at_o peace_n page_n 431_o 432_o absurdity_n to_o avoid_v conjectural_a interpretation_n admit_v 197._o or_o other_o improper_a or_o figurative_a page_n 192_o 193_o what_o be_v accept_v in_o full_a of_o a_o debt_n be_v a_o discharge_v page_n 98_o acceptance_n to_o a_o promise_n that_o transfer_v a_o right_n requisite_a 154_o 155._o whether_o it_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n page_n 155_o acceptance_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o of_o what_o force_n page_n 156_o accusation_n criminal_a by_o none_o but_o person_n authorize_v page_n 374_o acquisition_n by_o war_n peculiar_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n 480._o natural_o just_a 405._o original_a acquisition_n page_n 88_o acquisition_n improper_o say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 134_o to_o action_n two_o thing_n excite_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o end_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o obtain_v it_o page_n 419_o act_n some_o abhor_v by_o humane_a nature_n page_n 6_o act_n contrary_a to_o oath_n sometime_o sinful_a sometime_o void_a page_n 173_o act_n beneficent_a permutatory_n page_n 157_o act_n diremptory_a commutatory_n mix_v page_n 158_o act_n general_o permit_v to_o all_o can_v just_o be_v deny_v to_o any_o without_o some_o cause_n page_n 86_o act_n in_o war_n either_o public_a or_o private_a what_o be_v take_v by_o the_o former_a be_v the_o state_n maintain_v the_o war_n what_o by_o the_o latter_a be_v they_o that_o take_v it_o page_n 472_o in_o such_o act_n of_o a_o king_n as_o private_a man_n do_v the_o civil_a law_n bind_v he_o but_o not_o in_o such_o as_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n page_n 177_o act_n against_o conscience_n unlawful_a page_n 411_o act_n not_o liable_a to_o humane_a law_n page_n 450_o act_n of_o king_n in_o which_o the_o law_n have_v power_n page_n 176_o act_n internal_a of_o the_o mind_n insufficient_a for_o alienation_n page_n 41_o act_n involuntary_a arise_v from_o voluntary_a natural_o account_v as_o voluntary_a page_n 203_o act_n inevitable_a to_o humane_a nature_n not_o subject_a to_o humane_a law_n 374._o nor_o such_o â—s_n be_v not_o direct_o or_o indirect_o destructive_a to_o humane_a society_n page_n 375_o act_n some_o in_o a_o just_a war_n not_o internal_o just_a page_n 498_o act_n of_o prepense_a maâ—â—â—_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v of_o humane_a frailty_n and_o be_v to_o be_v chastise_v of_o inevitable_a misfortune_n be_v to_o be_v pardon_v page_n 500_o actor_n be_v forgive_v whether_o the_o instigator_n be_v acquit_v page_n 370_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 136_o admonition_n concern_v thing_n do_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 494_o adopt_a son_n what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o they_o page_n 115_o adultery_n incest_n etc._n etc._n capital_o punish_v before_o moses_n page_n 16_o adultery_n to_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n betroth_v to_o another_o page_n 196_o of_o adultery_n he_o that_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n and_o he_o that_o marry_v she_o both_o guilty_a by_o the_o gospel_n page_n 106_o in_o adultery_n take_v if_o the_o husband_n kill_v the_o wife_n or_o the_o wife_n her_o husband_n the_o magistrate_n may_v remit_v the_o punishment_n but_o not_o the_o sin_n page_n 374_o a_o adulterer_n and_o a_o adulteress_n to_o what_o oblige_a page_n 202_o aetolian_n soldier_n of_o fortune_n page_n 549_o age_n 30._o year_n 3._o age_n 100_o year_n
page_n 99_o the_o agent_n unjust_a when_o the_o thing_n do_v be_v just_a and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a page_n 414_o 415_o agreement_n what_o be_v real_a and_o what_o personal_a 194_o 195._o make_v by_o general_n to_o be_v understand_v strict_o page_v 565_o agreement_n equal_a to_o be_v account_v real_a grievous_a if_o in_o doubt_n personal_a page_n 195_o agreement_n between_o general_n how_o they_o may_v bind_v their_o sovereign_n page_n 563_o aid_n when_o say_v to_o be_v send_v 558._o to_o send_v who_o excuse_v page_n 198_o aid_n be_v promise_v on_o one_o side_n only_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v at_o his_o charge_n that_o demand_v they_o page_n 193_o alexander_n call_v a_o robber_n or_o pirate_n page_n 70_o algerines_n pirate_n page_v 493_o alienation_n its_o right_n what_o natural_o require_v to_o it_o 118._o it_o may_v be_v make_v two_o way_n by_o commutation_n and_o by_o succession_n 122._o the_o whole_a can_v alienate_v its_o part_n without_o consent_n page_n 118_o 119_o to_o alienation_n some_o requisite_n be_v mere_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n page_n 120_o aliment_n in_o what_o sense_n due_a to_o our_o child_n page_n 123_o altar_n of_o mercy_n at_o athens_n page_n 397_o alteration_n of_o government_n none_o without_o violent_a commotion_n page_n 66_o 67_o another_o what_o be_v may_v be_v withhold_v to_o prevent_v danger_n to_o we_o page_n 434_o for_o another_o debt_n none_o bind_v natural_o but_o the_o heir_n page_n 403_o 404_o 446_o when_o another_o good_n may_v be_v take_v for_o a_o just_a debt_n page_n 122_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 499_o ambition_n embleme_v by_o babel_n which_o cause_v dispersion_n page_n 79_o ambition_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n to_o restrain_v no_o ground_n of_o war_n page_n 100_o ammunition_n for_o war_n no_o lawful_a prize_n in_o france_n 1543._o page_n 436_o amphibology_n frequent_o use_v by_o christ_n 441_o in_o some_o case_n commendable_a in_o other_o impious_a ibid._n in_o amphibology_n if_o our_o intention_n agree_v with_o either_o sense_n though_o misunderstand_v it_o be_v no_o lie_n 440._o not_o to_o be_v use_v in_o swear_a league_n page_n 190_o ambassador_n see_v ambassador_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o force_n among_o the_o athenian_n page_n 447_o anger_n what_o page_n 364_o animal_n to_o all_o nature_n have_v give_v arm_n page_n 12_o antiochus_n whether_o a_o usurper_n page_n 60_o apostle_n their_o power_n whether_o of_o divine_a institution_n 408._o some_o of_o they_o travel_v with_o sword_n page_n 33_o against_o apostate_n the_o israelite_n may_v take_v arm_n page_n 185_o appletree_n full_a of_o fruit_n so_o leave_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o camp_n page_n 532_o 533_o aptitude_n distinguish_v from_o right_a strict_o take_v 201._o it_o confer_v no_o right_a ibid._n arbiter_n either_o moderator_n or_o judge_n 552._o in_o case_n dubious_a tie_v up_o to_o law_n 553._o not_o to_o meddle_v with_o possession_n ibid._n succession_n if_o in_o doubt_n to_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o page_n 131_o by_o arbitrement_n war_n sometime_o end_v 552._o a_o safe_a way_n to_o end_v controversy_n between_o prince_n page_n 412_o 413_o arcifinious_a land_n page_n 94_o argument_n on_o both_o side_n equal_a to_o whether_o to_o incline_v 411._o which_o in_o moral_n be_v best_a page_n 412_o arm_n not_o to_o be_v use_v but_o against_o arm_n 504._o not_o capable_a of_o postliminy_n and_o why_o page_n 492_o a_o army_n when_o destroy_v 142._o what_o number_n make_v a_o army_n page_n 191_o the_o word_n arm_n what_o it_o signify_v page_n 192_o the_o arm_n and_o colour_n of_o a_o enemy_n to_o use_v lawful_a page_n 440_o the_o word_n art_n how_o understand_v page_n 191_o article_n of_o peace_n ought_v to_o be_v strict_o keep_v 536._o they_o oblige_v all_o alike_o 549_o 550._o the_o violation_n of_o any_o one_o break_v the_o whole_a ibid._n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v a_o general_n rule_n page_n 546_o article_n of_o peace_n be_v make_v know_v whether_o they_o bound_v the_o king_n in_o case_n of_o silence_n page_n 188_o article_n of_o peace_n break_v through_o necessity_n how_o take_v page_n 550_o the_o asian_a custom_n of_o divide_v the_o spoil_n 474._o their_o king_n absolute_a monarch_n page_n 47_o the_o assertion_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v how_o valid_a 151._o in_o what_o different_a from_o a_o promise_n page_n 444_o associate_n one_o may_v compel_v another_o to_o keep_v the_o league_n 50._o under_o the_o name_n of_o associate_n who_o be_v mean_v they_o only_o at_o present_a or_o they_o to_o come_v page_n 193_o associate_n ought_v to_o do_v each_o other_o right_o their_o subject_n be_v accuse_v page_n 49_o associate_n when_o to_o be_v defend_v 424._o when_o they_o partake_v of_o the_o spoil_n page_n 478_o associate_n be_v invade_v when_o the_o peace_n be_v break_v page_n 549_o associate_n in_o a_o unjust_a war_n oblige_v to_o damage_n and_o sometime_o to_o punishment_n 434._o how_o the_o controversy_n between_o they_o be_v to_o be_v adjudge_v page_n 50_o associate_n sometime_o oppress_v by_o associate_n page_n 51_o of_o associate_n which_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v page_n 187_o associate_n not_o name_v in_o the_o league_n to_o aid_v they_o break_v not_o the_o league_n page_n 193_o assassinate_v of_o a_o prince_n though_o our_o enemy_n private_o not_o allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 462_o 463_o atheist_n and_o such_o as_o deny_v god_n providence_n to_o be_v persecute_v in_o the_o name_n and_o behalf_n of_o humane_a society_n page_n 388_o 389_o at_o athens_n all_o that_o be_v unfortunate_o miserable_a find_v protection_n page_n 398_o the_o athenian_a government_n democratical_a the_o lacedaemonian_a aristocratical_a and_o according_o the_o conquer_a city_n form_v their_o government_n page_n 526_o author_n of_o war_n sometime_o excusable_a 502_o 503._o if_o it_o proceed_v not_o from_o hatred_n but_o seduction_n page_n 12_o 13_o the_o author_n and_o leader_n punish_v severe_o the_o rest_n threaten_v but_o not_o punish_v page_n 501_o 502_o b._n balneary_a thief_n page_n 382_o baltic_a sea_n how_o far_o the_o emperor_n page_n 138_o banish_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o their_o city_n page_n 115_o barbarian_n unjust_o account_v enemy_n by_o the_o grecian_n page_n 407_o the_o bargain_n natural_o good_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o if_o twice_o sell_v his_o title_n be_v best_a that_o get_v the_o first_o possession_n page_n 161_o barklay_n opinion_n concern_v resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o some_o case_n page_n 60_o 63_o 64_o bastard_n their_o right_n 124._o sometime_o make_v legitimate_a and_o how_o ibid._n sometime_o admit_v to_o succeed_v 125._o the_o roman_a law_n make_v no_o provision_n for_o they_o nor_o solon_n 123._o the_o canon_n law_n provide_v necessary_n for_o life_n only_o ibid._n of_o battle_n the_o time_n and_o place_n appoint_v page_n 454_o bee_n what_o be_v good_a for_o the_o hive_n be_v good_a for_o the_o bee_n pref._n viij_o beast_n their_o outrage_n whether_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o master_n 204._o from_o they_o some_o moral_a duty_n may_v be_v learn_v pref._n three_o four_o not_o capable_a of_o law_n 6._o justice_n improper_o attribute_v to_o they_o ibid._n yet_o some_o resemblance_n they_o have_v of_o it_o ibid._n kill_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n but_o by_o our_o right_n of_o dominion_n page_n 401_o beast_n do_v some_o of_o they_o abhor_v unnatural_a coition_n 108._o to_o all_o god_n have_v give_v some_o arm_n page_n 12_o beasts-wild_a bird_n fish_n be_v natural_o they_o that_o take_v they_o page_n 81_o benefactor_n in_o our_o testament_n first_o to_o be_v gratify_v and_o then_o friend_n oblige_v page_n 162_o benefit_n public_a prefer_v before_o private_a page_n 55_o 56_o benefit_n some_o due_a even_n to_o the_o wicked_a by_o we_o christian_n 184._o give_v by_o king_n if_o to_o the_o public_a damage_n be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v revoke_v but_o make_v void_a 179._o give_v by_o king_n whether_o to_o last_o long_o than_o their_o life_n ibid._n benjamite_n their_o controversy_n with_o the_o israelite_n page_n 169_o bigamy_n page_n 105_o 106._o bituitus_n betray_v by_o a_o pretence_n of_o parley_n page_n 569_o bishop_n office_n when_o oppose_v to_o king_n 408._o they_o may_v advise_v but_o not_o compel_v page_n 409_o body_n politic_a and_o natural_a their_o difference_n page_n 117_o 118_o bound_n of_o kingdom_n if_o doubt_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v arcifinious_a 137._o 138._o they_o change_v not_o though_o the_o river_n change_v page_n 95_o bonum_fw-la &_o aequum_fw-la i._n e._n the_o mere_a right_n of_o nature_n page_n 208_o the_o brabantine_a law_n concern_v the_o child_n by_o a_o second_o marriage_n page_n 125_o brethren_n come_v from_o one_o common_a stock_n be_v almost_o one_o and_o the_o same_o page_n 126_o brother_n kill_v his_o brother_n in_o the_o head_n of_o his_o enemy_n troop_n and_o
demand_v his_o reward_n page_n 458_o bugger_n may_v lawful_o be_v kill_v page_n 72_o burial_n due_a to_o enemy_n 216._o whether_o due_a to_o the_o notorious_o wicked_a 217._o a_o emblem_n of_o the_o resurrection_n 215._o observe_v by_o pismire_n and_o dolphin_n and_o bee_n page_n 214_o 215_o to_o bury_v he_o that_o be_v find_v dead_a the_o highpriest_n command_v though_o not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v present_a at_o a_o funeral_n page_n 216._o burial_n whether_o just_o deny_v to_o self-murtherer_n page_v 218_o burial_n deny_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 213_o 214_o burial_n its_o right_n whence_o ibid._n a_o bushel_n roman_n how_o much_o of_o we_o page_v 521_o c._n celare_fw-la what_o not_o every_o thing_n hide_v that_o be_v not_o reveal_v page_n 159_o caesar_n in_o his_o war_n destroy_v 1192000_o man_n page_n 421_o caesar_n forewarn_v of_o the_o ides_n of_o march_n page_n 559_o calistratus_n misunderstand_v the_o oracle_n instead_o of_o protection_n at_o athens_n find_v his_o death_n page_n 398_o canaan_n not_o promise_v to_o any_o person_n but_o to_o the_o people_n page_n 168_o canaanites_n capable_a of_o mercy_n if_o they_o yield_v page_n 169_o cannibal_n and_o sacrificer_n of_o mankind_n destroy_v page_n 384_o canon_n ecclesiastical_a of_o what_o use_n preface_n xviii_o the_o twelve_o canon_n of_o nice_a against_o war_n be_v occasion_v by_o licinius_n his_o cruelty_n page_n 28_o 29_o canon_n concern_v the_o waste_n of_o a_o enemy_n country_n page_n 514_o canon_n concern_v slave_n how_o understand_v page_n 483_o 484_o captive_n whether_o they_o may_v be_v at_o any_o time_n kill_v page_n 460_o against_o captive_n redemption_n law_n unjust_a page_n 561_o a_o captive_n promise_v to_o return_v bind_v he_o page_n 567_o captive_n lose_v not_o their_o thing_n if_o not_o find_v and_o take_v 562._o when_o they_o may_v be_v put_v to_o death_n page_n 508_o captive_n and_o thing_n not_o restore_v unless_o so_o agree_v 489._o their_o child_n slave_n page_n 481_o to_o captive_n take_v in_o war_n what_o in_o equity_n may_v be_v do_v page_n 520_o a_o captive_n release_v for_o exchange_n aught_o to_o return_v or_o pay_v his_o ransom_n his_o exchange_n be_v dead_a page_n 562_o a_o captive_a woman_n if_o her_o redeemer_n either_o marry_v she_o or_o prostitute_v her_o body_n her_o ransom_n be_v lose_v page_n 490_o captive_n to_o take_v in_o war_n dough_n far_o lawful_a page_n 519_o captive_n to_o redeem_v vessel_n consecrate_v may_v be_v sell_v page_n 216_o 217_o captive_n whether_o they_o may_v make_v their_o escape_n page_n 523_o a_o captive_n who_o take_v have_v a_o right_a to_o all_o he_o have_v so_o long_o as_o he_o keep_v he_o page_n 489_o a_o captive_n redeem_v to_o serve_v his_o redeemer_n how_o long_a page_n 490_o a_o captive_n may_v owe_v his_o ransom_n to_o divers_a 562._o his_o ransom_n agree_v shall_v bind_v though_o he_o be_v rich_a than_o be_v believe_v ibid._n a_o captive_n be_v a_o perpetual_a hireling_n who_o ransom_n be_v pay_v by_o his_o work_n page_n 519_o captivity_n better_o than_o death_n or_o desolation_n page_n 420_o captive_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n slave_n though_o they_o never_o act_v hostility_n against_o we_o page_n 483_o captive_n take_v in_o a_o public_a war_n distinguish_v from_o such_o as_o be_v slave_n for_o personal_a crime_n page_n 519_o 520_o captive_n how_o long_o in_o equity_n they_o may_v be_v detain_v page_n 519_o a_o captive_n allowance_n among_o the_o roman_n how_o much_o it_o contain_v of_o we_o page_v 521_o captive_n not_o exempt_v from_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 460._o yet_o to_o be_v spare_v page_n 506_o 507_o captive_n redeem_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o soldier_n not_o take_v but_o receive_v page_n 491_o captivity_n arise_v from_o a_o unjust_a war_n unjust_a page_n 495_o captivity_n into_o what_o now_o change_v page_n 484_o see_v slaves_n capua_n dissolve_v page_n 142_o carneades_n hold_v all_o lawful_a that_o be_v profitable_a confute_v pref._n three_o seven_o his_o argument_n against_o justice_n answer_v ibid._n carthage_n to_o be_v free_a how_o understand_v 194._o the_o captive_a promise_a to_o return_v and_o fail_v send_v back_o by_o the_o roman_n page_n 167_o the_o cauchi_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n well_o discipline_v yet_o always_o at_o peace_n page_n 406_o cavil_n concern_v interpretation_n of_o article_n page_n 191_o 194_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n defence_n recovery_n punishment_n page_n 70_o 71_o without_o cause_n to_o make_v war_n not_o cruelty_n but_o madness_n page_n 405_o cause_n may_v be_v good_a but_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o prosecution_n unlawful_a page_n 401_o cause_n of_o a_o war_n unjust_a page_n 404_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n three_o page_n 70_o cause_n and_o pretence_n distinguish_v page_n 404_o caution_n to_o limit_v the_o law_n of_o necessity_n page_n 82_o certainty_n there_o can_v be_v the_o same_o in_o moral_n as_o in_o mathematics_n page_n 410_o change_n of_o counsel_n be_v not_o evil_a if_o not_o from_o better_a to_o worse_o page_v 151_o to_o change_n a_o man_n will_n be_v natural_a ibid._n change_v of_o seat_n no_o loss_n of_o empire_n 142._o no_o more_o be_v the_o change_n of_o government_n page_n 143_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n may_v be_v require_v from_o the_o author_n of_o it_o page_n 518_o charity_n sometime_o forbid_v what_o law_n permit_v 434._o its_o rule_n extend_v far_o than_o those_o of_o justice_n page_n 518_o charity_n mitigate_v punishment_n unless_o hinder_v by_o a_o great_a charity_n page_n 381_o charity_n shall_v be_v extend_v by_o christian_n as_o christ_n extend_v his_o grace_n to_o all_o man_n page_v 186_o child_n bear_v of_o captive_n how_o far_o slave_n 523._o not_o to_o be_v punish_v for_o their_o parent_n 401._o in_o this_o case_n god_n no_o precedent_n for_o we_o and_o why_o 399_o 400_o 402._o how_o long_o they_o owe_v obedience_n to_o parent_n 104._o grow_v to_o discretion_n have_v a_o moral_a power_n over_o their_o own_o action_n and_o how_o ibid._n even_o of_o traitor_n spare_v by_o good_a prince_n 402_o 403._o to_o succeed_v their_o parent_n die_v intestate_a 123._o to_o nourish_v their_o parent_n like_o the_o stork_n ibld._n the_o child_n to_o follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o not_o natural_a 133._o why_o threaten_v to_o be_v visit_v for_o their_o parent_n page_n 402_o choice_n of_o the_o empire_n not_o in_o the_o citizen_n of_o constantinople_n but_o of_o rome_n page_n 144_o christ_n action_n not_o all_o imitable_a by_o we_o page_n 34_o christ_n not_o moses_n interpreter_n only_a page_n 16_o 17_o christian_n whether_o they_o may_v join_v with_o infidel_n in_o a_o social_n war_n page_n 185_o christian_a religion_n inoffensive_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o heathen_n 390._o be_v ground_v on_o matter_n of_o fact_n none_o to_o be_v thereunto_o compel_v page_n 389_o 390_o christian_n to_o persecute_v as_o such_o a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n 390._o not_o to_o be_v impress_v to_o serve_v in_o war_n against_o their_o will_n 431._o shall_v confederate_a against_o the_o enemy_n of_o christ_n 186_o 187._o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n in_o reference_n to_o god_n 171._o not_o to_o fight_v against_o christian_n under_o heathen_n 29_o 30._o make_v not_o christian_n slave_n nor_o turk_n turk_n 414._o to_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n how_o not_o safe_a for_o they_o 373._o shall_v not_o resist_v persecute_v emperor_n 57_o 58._o ought_v to_o assist_v christian_n persecute_v for_o religion_n 186_o 187._o whether_o they_o may_v enrich_v themselves_o by_o the_o spoil_n of_o enemy_n 535._o whether_o they_o may_v resist_v in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n page_n 60_o 61_o christian_n even_o unarm_v make_v war_n page_n 431_o church_n and_o thing_n consecrate_v to_o be_v spare_v page_n 414_o 515_o 516_o circumcision_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v 9_o why_o stranger_n be_v circumcise_v ibid._n not_o necessary_a to_o salvation_n the_o jew_n confess_v ibid._n a_o city_n what_o 8._o in_o what_o sense_n say_v to_o be_v free_a 407._o their_o right_a over_o their_o citizen_n page_n 114_o a_o city_n have_v no_o power_n over_o her_o banish_a 115._o revolt_a to_o receive_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o friendship_n page_n 510_o city_n and_o river_n immortal_a 141._o be_v by_o war_n conquer_v whether_o it_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o city_n page_n 485_o a_o citizen_n not_o to_o depart_v till_o his_o part_n of_o the_o public_a debt_n be_v pay_v 115._o nor_o in_o a_o siege_n till_o he_o have_v substitute_v another_o ibid._n be_v deliver_v up_o but_o not_o receive_v may_v return_v and_o remain_v a_o citizen_n 396._o whether_o they_o may_v forsake_v their_o city_n page_n 115_o a_o citizen_n though_o innocent_a whether_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o deliver_v himself_o up_o to_o preserve_v his_o city_n page_n 423_o 424_o city_n not_o to_o be_v punish_v if_o the_o criminal_a appear_v in_o judgement_n 396._o
though_o unjust_a cease_v not_o to_o be_v city_n page_n 451_o a_o citizen_n take_v by_o pirate_n lose_v not_o his_o freedom_n 456._o and_o a_o servant_n how_o they_o differ_v 486._o of_o rome_n all_o that_o live_v within_o the_o pale_a of_o the_o empire_n page_n 450_o the_o citizen_n right_o over_o their_o magistrate_n page_n 201_o a_o city_n how_o distinguish_v from_o a_o company_n of_o pirate_n 451_o 452._o war_n worse_o than_o tyranny_n page_n 65_o civil_a power_n wherein_o it_o consist_v 37._o empire_n gain_v by_o war_n and_o its_o right_n 485._o law_n may_v bind_v or_o restrain_v from_o that_o which_o nature_n leave_v free_a 81._o law_n some_o unjust_a page_n 127_o claim_v from_o a_o foreigner_n everlasting_a 182_o 183._o who_o best_a he_o that_o give_v the_o matter_n or_o form_n page_n 139_o clergyman_n exempt_v from_o war_n page_n 67_o clemency_n most_o become_v a_o prince_n 382_o 383._o to_o be_v use_v to_o the_o conquer_a the_o conqueror_n secure_v 527_o 528._o see_v in_o the_o mitigation_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o remission_n of_o punishment_n 382._o of_o the_o pharisee_n in_o punish_v 371._o motive_n thereunto_o 417_o 418._o emperor_n famous_a for_o clemency_n 501._o a_o great_a ornament_n to_o prince_n where_o their_o injury_n be_v do_v against_o themselves_o page_n 417_o 418_o 554_o etc._n etc._n college_n spare_v by_o the_o philistine_n page_n 506_o colony_n have_v the_o same_o right_a their_o mother_n city_n have_v 143._o not_o govern_v absolute_o by_o their_o mother_n city_n 49._o yet_o by_o the_o same_o law_n and_o magistrate_n 142_o 143._o usual_o the_o rise_n of_o free_a state_n page_n 143_o 144_o a_o command_v give_v for_o one_o thing_n whether_o fulfil_v by_o another_o more_o profitable_o 197._o without_o it_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o enemy_n to_o what_o oblige_a page_n 535_o 536_o commander_n inferior_a in_o some_o case_n may_v make_v war_n 35._o how_o far_o they_o may_v bind_v their_o soldier_n page_n 564_o command_v in_o war_n may_v be_v either_o general_a or_o special_a page_n 535_o command_n of_o a_o general_n must_v not_o be_v dispute_v but_o obey_v page_n 197_o command_n distinguish_v from_o counsel_n pref._n xviii_o of_o commerce_n the_o most_o ancient_a way_n be_v by_o exchange_n 157._o the_o liberty_n and_o for_o it_o toll_v due_a page_n 84_o 85._o a_o commonwealth_n be_v such_o though_o corrupt_a page_n 451_o the_o common_a safety_n sometime_o prefer_v before_o our_o own_o page_n 73_o community_n their_o right_n over_o their_o member_n page_n 3_o a_o community_n may_v arise_v by_o give_v a_o new_a form_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o another_o 139._o or_o through_o commixture_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o either_o ibid._n communication_n of_o crime_n between_o king_n and_o subject_n page_n 398_o 399_o communication_n of_o thing_n useful_a to_o other_o and_o not_o damageable_a to_o ourselves_o charitable_a page_n 82_o to_o compel_v stand_v not_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o inferior_a 46._o be_v compel_v they_o that_o war_n against_o we_o to_o be_v spare_v page_n 498_o 499_o compensation_n due_a to_o subject_n who_o good_n be_v alienate_v for_o public_a peace_n page_n 545_o 546_o concubinary_a marriage_n see_v marriage_n concubinate_a a_o kind_n of_o natural_a marriage_n page_n 112_o a_o concubine_n who_o and_o how_o allow_v page_n 113_o condition_n who_o offer_v or_o who_o accept_v which_o make_v the_o contract_n page_n 199_o condition_n hard_o impose_v on_o the_o weak_a party_n or_o the_o conquer_a page_n 183_o this_o condition_n thing_n stand_v as_o they_o do_v when_o tacit_o understand_v page_n 197_o condition_n not_o fulfil_v on_o the_o one_o side_n discharge_v the_o promiser_n page_n 541_o condition_n when_o severe_a seldom_o last_a page_n 529_o a_o confederate_a on_o unequal_a condition_n may_v obtain_v the_o supreme_a power_n page_n 48_o confederate_n their_o difference_n how_o determine_v page_n 49_o 50_o confederate_n engage_v in_o several_a war_n and_o both_o demand_v war_n which_o we_o shall_v assist_v page_n 187_o confederate_n one_o may_v be_v assist_v against_o the_o other_o unless_o express_o forbid_v by_o former_a agreement_n 424._o in_o their_o behalf_n war_n lawful_a in_o a_o just_a cause_n ibid._n the_o ancient_a to_o be_v prefer_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la unless_o in_o one_o case_n page_n 412_o 413_o confederate_n not_o to_o be_v assist_v in_o case_n desperate_a and_o why_o page_n 424_o conjecture_n useful_a when_o word_n admit_v of_o divers_a sense_n page_n 191_o conjecture_n restrain_v promise_n how_o guide_v page_n 193_o conjecture_n from_o the_o matter_n effect_n thing_n conjoin_v page_n 191_o 192_o the_o conqueror_n may_v give_v the_o conquer_a what_o he_o please_v 486._o as_o some_o part_n of_o the_o government_n or_o some_o liberty_n or_o freedom_n in_o religion_n page_n 527_o the_o conqueror_n may_v be_v secure_v by_o impose_v garrison_n or_o tribute_n on_o the_o conquer_a page_n 526_o that_o the_o conqueror_n may_v live_v secure_o be_v the_o end_n of_o war_n and_o how_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o cruelty_n page_n 524_o 525_o who_o be_v conqueror_n in_o single_a combat_n page_n 552_o to_o the_o conqueror_n to_o submit_v better_a than_o desolation_n page_n 119_o the_o conqueror_n may_v impose_v what_o law_n he_o please_v 485._o crown_v in_o the_o pavilion_n of_o the_o conquer_a 479._o more_o safe_a in_o a_o free_a than_o compulsory_a obedience_n page_n 527_o conscience_n not_o bind_v by_o some_o law_n page_n 482_o 483_o consecrate_a plate_n sell_v for_o what_o use_v page_n 216_o 217_o consent_n give_v signification_n to_o word_n not_o thing_n page_n 438_o constantine_n page_n 28_o a_o contract_n make_v with_o a_o servant_n bind_v his_o master_n 147._o bind_v according_a to_o law_n of_o the_o city_n wherein_o it_o be_v make_v but_o not_o if_o make_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o a_o desert_n page_n 152_o contract_n permutatory_n that_o separate_v the_o part_n have_v three_o head_n do_v ut_fw-la des_fw-fr etc._n etc._n 157._o mix_v principal_o or_o by_o accession_n and_o such_o as_o introduce_v communion_n page_n 158_o 159_o in_o contract_n a_o just_a proportion_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 160._o all_o error_n and_o mistake_n be_v to_o be_v rectify_v ibid._n the_o contracter_n with_o another_o for_o what_o be_v his_o own_o release_v his_o right_a page_n 98_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n and_o free_a state_n not_o always_o interpret_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n page_n 199_o of_o a_o contract_n the_o writing_n be_v but_o a_o last_a monument_n and_o no_o part_n ibid._n a_o contract_n in_o doubt_n be_v perfect_a before_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o writing_n when_o otherwise_o it_o must_v be_v so_o express_v ibid._n controversy_n in_o war_n not_o determinable_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n 122._o concern_v thing_n take_v in_o war_n shall_v be_v judge_v in_o any_o nation_n at_o peace_n where_o they_o be_v take_v according_a to_o their_o custom_n page_n 488_o corn_n and_o other_o thing_n useful_a in_o war_n may_v be_v sell_v to_o the_o enemy_n to_o pay_v soldier_n to_o destroy_v they_o be_v madness_n page_n 513_o 514_o of_o corn_n sow_o on_o another_o land_n by_o mistake_n who_o the_o fruit_n be_v page_n 139_o convention_n public_a how_o and_o when_o divide_a page_n 180_o in_o council_n general_n a_o king_n new_o make_v shall_v have_v the_o same_o place_n as_o the_o people_n be_v free_a have_v before_o page_n 143_o counsel_n of_o wise_a man_n how_o prevail_a page_n 25_o the_o thought_n of_o counter-passion_n restrain_v from_o wrong_n do_v page_n 371_o counter-passion_n have_v no_o equality_n if_o the_o nocent_a and_o innocent_a suffer_v alike_o page_n 381_o crassus_n how_o he_o gain_v his_o great_a wealth_n page_n 535_o creature_n natural_o wild_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o that_o take_v they_o page_n 469_o cruelty_n arise_v from_o vain_a fear_n page_n 72_o cruelty_n of_o the_o roman_a general_n in_o their_o triumph_n page_n 461_o custom_n and_o opportunity_n two_o great_a incentives_n to_o sin_n unless_o curb_v by_o severe_a law_n page_n 381_o custom_n civil_a sometime_o mistake_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 385_o cyrus_n his_o judgement_n concern_v the_o two_o coat_n page_z 4_o d._n in_o dearth_n stranger_n forbid_v corn_n yet_o sojourner_n not_o then_o to_o be_v expel_v page_n 86._o death_n voluntary_a in_o defence_n of_o chastity_n commend_v 219._o in_o some_o case_n allow_v by_o the_o jew_n as_o the_o death_n of_o samson_n saul_n etc._n etc._n ibid._n term_v a_o dismission_n ibid._n the_o only_a good_a thing_n to_o a_o incorrigible_a offender_n page_n 272_o 273_o day_n until_o such_o in_o a_o truce_n whether_o exclusive_o or_o inclusive_o to_o be_v understand_v 562._o in_o a_o league_n how_o understand_v page_n 191_o damage_n à _fw-la demendo_fw-la i._n e._n from_o take_v away_o a_o man_n right_a 200._o which_o may_v be_v either_o in_o the_o thing_n or_o profit_n
of_o they_o 201._o give_v by_o do_v or_o not_o do_v ibid._n direct_o or_o by_o consequence_n page_n 400_o damage_n do_v by_o another_o and_o the_o obligation_n thence_o 200._o do_v to_o our_o honour_n and_o fame_n how_o repair_v 204._o who_o occasion_n bind_v to_o reparation_n 200._o if_o do_v in_o war_n no_o action_n arise_v 547._o in_o war_n remit_v peace_n be_v agree_v page_n 546_o 547_o danger_n to_o prevent_v by_o treachery_n poison_n etc._n etc._n whether_o it_o justify_v the_o kill_n of_o any_o man_n 72._o to_o prevent_v we_o be_v sometime_o enforce_v on_o sin_n 378._o in_o thing_n equal_o doubtful_a choose_v that_o which_o have_v least_o danger_n page_n 412_o david_n how_o far_o forth_o he_o resist_v saul_n page_n 60_o debt_n not_o strict_o due_a not_o to_o be_v recover_v by_o war_n page_n 409_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o conquer_a may_v be_v remit_v by_o the_o conqueror_n page_n 410_o 411_o for_o debt_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o subject_n good_n liable_a 446._o upon_o breach_n of_o faith_n not_o to_o be_v sue_v for_o 211_o 212._o of_o one_o private_a man_n anoh_o ers_a good_n not_o oblige_a page_n 446_o debt_n of_o mercy_n liberality_n and_o gratitude_n not_o recoverable_a by_o law_n page_n 151_o decalogue_n the_o four_o first_o precept_n explain_v page_n 387_o etc._n etc._n deceit_n sometime_o take_v in_o a_o good_a sense_n 437_o 438._o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o natural_a right_a page_n 147_o a_o deceitful_a contract_n to_o what_o restitution_n bind_v page_n 203_o dedition_n conditional_a and_o its_o effect_n 183._o pure_a how_o far_o it_o extend_v 553._o what_o in_o equity_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o they_o 553_o 554_o see_v surrender_n defensive_a act_n break_v not_o the_o peace_n page_n 548_o defence_n we_o owe_v to_o the_o innocent_a and_o when_o page_n 424_o defendant_n in_o a_o just_a cause_n gather_v courage_n from_o a_o good_a conscience_n page_n 76_o defence_n in_o a_o public_a war_n ibid._n of_o our_o limb_n whether_o it_o justify_v the_o kill_n of_o any_o man_n or_o of_o chastity_n page_n 72_o he_o who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o defend_v other_o ought_v not_o rash_o to_o run_v himself_o into_o danger_n page_n 73_o defensive_a war_n lawful_a yet_o against_o the_o aggressor_n only_o and_o where_o the_o danger_n be_v certain_a and_o not_o opinionative_n only_a page_n 71_o 76_o defence_n in_o those_o who_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o war_n unlawful_a unless_o ample_a satisfaction_n be_v first_o tender_v page_n 77_o in_o defence_n of_o our_o good_n to_o kill_v a_o man_n natural_o lawful_a page_n 74_o delay_n in_o perform_v article_n of_o agreement_n when_o only_o to_o be_v admit_v page_n 548_o delivery_n not_o necessary_a to_o transfer_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 140_o degree_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v belove_v page_n 23_o demosthenes_n apologue_n of_o wolf_n and_o sheep_n page_n 423_o the_o denial_n of_o just_a thing_n justify_v the_o take_n of_o they_o page_n 86_o war_n be_v sufficient_o denounce_v though_o at_o the_o next_o garrison_n page_n 454_o denunciation_n its_o form_n 453._o conditional_a require_v either_o restitution_n reparation_n or_o punishment_n 453._o to_o be_v make_v by_o he_o that_o require_v satisfaction_n page_n 453_o 454_o before_o denunciation_n to_o make_v war_n unjust_a 452._o why_o necessary_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n 454._o absolute_a when_o necessary_a 453._o whether_o necessary_a the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n violate_a page_n 455_o war_n denounce_v against_o a_o prince_n be_v so_o against_o his_o subject_n and_o adherent_n page_v 454_o war_n without_o denunciation_n in_o what_o case_n lawful_a page_n 452_o in_o denounce_v of_o war_n what_o nature_n strict_o require_v not_o may_v be_v honest_o and_o laudable_o do_v ibid._n deposit_v thing_n after_o confiscation_n must_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o exchequer_n not_o to_o the_o owner_n page_n 147_o the_o difference_n between_o thing_n deposit_v lend_v and_o pawn_v and_o of_o their_o obligation_n page_n 160_o 161_o dereliction_n when_o presume_v 98._o of_o empire_n example_n page_n 100_o to_o destroy_v thing_n profitable_a to_o we_o and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o enemy_n folly_n 511._o multitude_n without_o distinction_n inhuman_a page_n 434_o desert_n place_n and_o land_n untilled_a give_v to_o stranger_n page_n 85_o thing_n clear_o deserted_n be_v the_o next_o occupants_n page_n 95_o despair_n make_v enemy_n invincible_a page_n 516_o not_o the_o bare_a detention_n but_o the_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o that_o which_o be_v another_o make_v it_o we_o page_v 122_o the_o detention_n of_o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n bind_v to_o restitution_n page_n 496_o devil_n who_o worship_n or_o man_n vice_n or_o that_o offer_v humane_a sacrifice_n to_o be_v persecute_v by_o all_o page_n 389_o dictator_n of_o rome_n have_v for_o a_o time_n kingly_a power_n page_n 40_o 42_o difference_n between_o prince_n how_o compose_a page_n 412_o 413_o diffidare_fw-la what_o page_n 454_o disability_n in_o a_o prince_n supply_v by_o a_o viceroy_n page_n 145_o discipline_n loose_a no_o distinction_n between_o friend_n and_o foe_n 533._o make_v soldier_n seem_v senator_n 531_o 532._o military_a the_o end_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o spartan_a law_n page_n 524_o discovery_n of_o place_n preoccupyed_n no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 406_o dispensation_n from_o penal_a law_n lawful_a 377._o distinguish_v from_o equity_n ibid._n to_o dispense_v with_o oath_n once_o in_o prince_n now_o in_o ecclesiastic_n page_v 174_o dissimulation_n whether_o lawful_a 438._o where_o truth_n be_v our_o guide_n and_o profit_v its_o companion_n folly_n page_n 404_o divorce_v permit_v in_o most_o nation_n page_n 106_o the_o divorce_v may_v marry_v after_o a_o set_a time_n to_o any_o save_v to_o he_o that_o pâ—t_v she_o away_o page_n 105_o dominion_n natural_o and_o by_o another_o gain_v 472._o of_o infant_n and_o madman_n 89._o conditional_a 97_o 98._o distinguish_v from_o its_o exercise_n 52._o external_a 470._o without_o internal_a 482_o 483._o over_o beast_n page_n 401_o in_o doubtful_a case_n what_o to_o do_v page_n 412_o servant_n in_o doubt_n that_o the_o war_n be_v just_a what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v page_n 429_o doubt_n whence_o in_o moral_n they_o arise_v 410_o where_o we_o doubt_v of_o we_o shall_v forbear_v page_n 411_o drown_v land_n to_o drain_v a_o time_n prefix_v 137_o lost_n if_o not_o drain_v or_o otherwise_o claim_v in_o ten_o year_n ibid._n due_o take_v in_o a_o twofold_a sense_n page_n 376_o duel_v page_n 368_o duellum_fw-la page_n 2_o duel_n in_o two_o case_n lawful_a page_n 76_o duel_n and_o combat_v to_o be_v avoid_v page_n 510_o dumb_a sign_n sometime_o by_o custom_n significant_a page_n 570_o e_z earth_n to_o earth_n 214._o judea_n call_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o earth_n 407._o all_o add_v to_o earth_n yet_o must_v be_v restrain_v to_o the_o country_n speak_v of_o ibid._n education_n if_o bad_a corrupt_v the_o natural_a constitution_n page_n 385_o education_n of_o king_n ptolomie_n son_n page_n 44_o ehud_n fact_n what_o page_n 66_o ambassador_n sacred_a in_o all_o nation_n page_n 206_o ambassador_n resident_a a_o upstart_n custom_n 207_o 208._o they_o have_v no_o privilege_n till_o admit_v 210._o nor_o in_o another_o territory_n without_o licence_n ibid._n a_o twofold_a right_o due_a to_o they_o admittance_n and_o indemnity_n 206._o in_o what_o case_n inviolable_a in_o what_o case_n not_o 208_o 209._o not_o admit_v for_o three_o cause_n 206._o their_o good_n secure_v against_o creditor_n 211._o their_o companion_n and_o attendant_n how_o far_o protect_a page_n 211_o 212_o ambassador_n if_o admit_v secure_v even_o among_o enemy_n 210._o not_o liable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n ibid._n move_v sedition_n may_v be_v send_v away_o 208._o perform_v the_o office_n blameless_a 200._o in_o what_o case_n they_o may_v be_v apprehend_v and_o kill_v 208_o 209._o not_o admit_v from_o traitor_n pirate_n page_v 206_o 207_o empire_n some_o patrimonial_a and_o alienable_a 42._o how_o divide_v into_o part_n 46._o each_o part_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v war_n 63_o 64._o it_o may_v be_v gain_v to_o the_o king_n or_o people_n by_o long_a possession_n or_o prescription_n page_n 100_o 101._o empire_n of_o rome_n distinct_a from_o the_o french_a and_o lumbards_n 143_o 144._o whether_o universal_a page_n 407_o empire_n of_o rome_n and_o germany_n whence_o they_o derive_v their_o right_a page_n 143_o 144_o empire_n relate_v to_o person_n and_o territory_n 118._o alienable_a with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n ibid._n if_o great_a hardly_o keep_v 526._o how_o far_o acquire_v by_o internal_a justice_n 524._o as_o in_o a_o king_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o war_n 485._o how_o firm_o alienate_v for_o peace_n page_n 544_o 545_o empire_n and_o dominion_n how_o they_o differ_v 88_o 89_o under_o one_o firm_a than_o divide_v 128._o by_o a_o
236._o under_o alexander_n deny_v to_o carry_v material_n to_o the_o temple_n of_o belus_n 428._o in_o what_o case_n not_o to_o associate_v with_o wicked_a king_n page_n 185_o ignorance_n excuse_n when_o page_n 237_o ignorant_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o a_o just_a war_n page_n 500_o ignorant_o and_o through_o ignorance_n distinguish_v ibid._n island_n and_o increment_n by_o inundation_n who_o 136._o float_a 137._o how_o distinguish_v from_o increment_n ibid._n image_n abhor_v by_o the_o persian_a magi_n 466._o to_o deface_v to_o he_o that_o believe_v to_o include_v a_o deity_n impiety_n ibid._n imperare_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 50_o impiety_n and_o open_a profaneness_n towards_o any_o that_o be_v acknowledge_v as_o god_n punishable_a page_n 392_o imprisonment_n unjust_a to_o what_o it_o oblige_v page_n 201_o importation_n of_o some_o good_n prohibit_v page_n 86_o of_o inequality_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v no_o cognizance_n if_o consent_v unto_o page_n 165_o incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 107._o two_o reason_n give_v against_o such_o page_n 109_o a_o increment_n what_o be_v thereby_o mean_v 138._o whether_o stop_v by_o a_o highway_n 139._o it_o be_v his_o who_o be_v the_o river_n be_v oâ—_n his_o who_o be_v the_o ground_n be_v that_o bind_v it_o 138._o it_o be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v grant_v if_o the_o land_n be_v arcifinious_a ibid._n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v the_o people_n ibid._n whether_o it_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o prince_n vassal_n ibid._n indian_n many_o wife_n 106._o no_n tribunal_n but_o for_o murder_n and_o injury_n do_v page_n 211_o induciae_fw-la whence_o page_n 558_o infant_n capable_a of_o dominion_n 89._o but_o not_o to_o dispose_v thereof_o without_o a_o guardian_n ibid._n so_o be_v he_o to_o inherit_v but_o not_o to_o dispose_v of_o it_o page_n 103_o infeudation_n 119._o make_v by_o king_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n void_a with_o consent_n how_o gain_v ibid._n ingratitude_n of_o the_o roman_n punish_v by_o m._n levinus_n with_o disfranchizement_n page_n 39_o to_o inhabit_v any_o country_n free_a for_o exile_n page_v 85_o injury_n fault_n mischance_n distinguish_v 500_o on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n just_a on_o the_o other_o 70._o what_o oblige_v to_o restitution_n what_o not_o page_n 531_o injure_v other_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o benefit_v ourselves_o page_n 82_o injury_n do_v we_o by_o our_o country_n prince_z parent_n to_o be_v patient_o bear_v page_n 58_o injury_n intend_v only_o sometime_o punish_v page_n 383_o innocent_n to_o be_v defend_v page_n 425_o 426_o the_o innocent_a not_o to_o be_v destroy_v with_o the_o nocent_a page_n 504_o the_o innocent_a falsehood_n of_o joseph_n to_o his_o brethren_n page_n 443_o instrument_n of_o the_o plough_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o pawn_n page_n 514_o to_o insult_n over_o the_o vanquish_a ignoble_a page_n 506_o 507_o intent_n sometime_o equal_o punish_v with_o the_o fact_n 381._o though_o ill_o oblige_v not_o to_o restitution_n page_n 383_o invader_n command_v how_o far_o oblige_v 62._o in_o what_o case_n he_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o a_o private_a man_n page_n 65_o for_o the_o interpretation_n of_o promise_n and_o contract_v some_o rule_n page_n 193_o what_o interpretation_n give_v to_o contract_n between_o enemy_n 558._o if_o odious_a in_o their_o full_a propriety_n if_o ambiguous_a in_o the_o large_a sense_n page_n 193_o interpretation_n of_o league_n 190_o sometime_o gather_v from_o the_o context_n 191_o 192._o if_o in_o doubt_n ought_v to_o favour_v the_o weak_a page_n 548_o intestates_fw-la estate_n to_o who_o natural_o it_o descend_v page_n 122_o invasion_n make_v by_o confederate_n or_o their_o subject_n whether_o it_o break_v the_o peace_n 548._o by_o subject_n when_o attribute_v to_o the_o prince_n ibid._n by_o inundation_n the_o owner_n may_v lose_v his_o right_a page_n 137_o inundation_n and_o increment_n thereby_o gain_v page_n 136_o 137_o josephus_n in_o expound_v the_o hebrew_n law_n flatter_v the_o roman_n page_n 466_o to_o judge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o war_n between_o prince_n dangerous_a page_n 457_o the_o judge_n office_n in_o criminal_a cause_n dangerous_a page_n 373_o a_o judge_n shall_v be_v tender_o affect_v as_o a_o father_n 416_o 417._o may_v be_v punish_v his_o sentence_n be_v unjust_a but_o not_o the_o executioner_n 429._o say_v to_o be_v just_a though_o the_o sentence_n be_v unjust_a page_n 55_o in_o judgement_n the_o matter_n not_o the_o person_n to_o be_v consider_v page_n 3_o 4_o to_o judge_n of_o a_o man_n meaning_n by_o his_o speech_n how_o due_a page_n 441_o judgement_n of_o zeal_n what_o page_n 445_o judgement_n contemplative_a and_o practical_a page_n 429_o judge_v of_o the_o supreme_a power_n caâ—tions_n page_n 41_o the_o judgement_n how_o steer_v in_o doubtful_a case_n page_n 411_o against_o judgement_n though_o erroneous_a nothing_o to_o be_v do_v ibid._n judgement_n capital_a why_o by_o christ_n permit_v 372_o 373._o christian_n may_v execute_v they_o but_o not_o affect_o ibid._n jus_n and_o justice_n how_o distinguish_v page_n 494_o just_a in_o war_n what_o page_n 2_o just_a take_v strict_o what_o page_n 414_o justice_n derive_v from_o jove_n pref._n vi_o justice_n and_o valour_n usual_o attend_v by_o victory_n twelve_o justice_n expletive_a and_o attributive_a page_n 4_o just_a cause_n procure_v friend_n twelve_o just_a cause_n add_v courage_n to_o soldier_n ibid._n justice_n commutative_a or_o expletive_a page_n 3_o justice_n how_o describe_v by_o porphyry_n v._o prefer_v to_o fortitude_n x._o it_o beget_v courage_n 430._o it_o so_o give_v to_o every_o one_o his_o own_o that_o it_o detract_v not_o from_o the_o just_a right_n of_o another_o 198._o it_o shall_v extend_v itself_o to_o all_o mankind_n x_o where_o justice_n be_v not_o require_v the_o long_a sword_n take_v all_o page_n 435_o k._n keturah_n son_n by_o abraham_n receive_v gift_n or_o portion_n but_o no_o inheritance_n page_n 125_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o enemy_n in_o the_o war_n be_v guiltless_a page_n 357_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n for_o slight_a injury_n be_v againast_n charity_n 73._o in_o defence_n of_o our_o good_n natural_o not_o unlawful_a page_n 74_o to_o kill_v a_o private_a man_n be_v murder_n but_o thousand_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n valour_n and_o virtue_n page_n 70_o to_o kill_v a_o nocturnal_a thief_n whether_o tolerate_v only_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o approve_v 75_o 76._o a_o incorrigible_a malefactor_n not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 368_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n after_o battle_n against_o charity_n page_n 506_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n private_o in_o his_o own_o quarter_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 462_o to_o be_v kill_v none_o for_o his_o valour_n in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n if_o good_a page_n 568_o to_o kill_v all_o that_o have_v offend_v brutish_a page_n 501_o who_o may_v be_v just_o kill_v in_o a_o just_a war_n according_a to_o justice_n internal_a page_n 498_o king_n grant_n when_o revocable_a and_o when_o not_o 180._o their_o contract_n do_v not_o always_o bound_v their_o successor_n page_n 178_o 179_o king_n how_o they_o serve_v god_n as_o king_n page_n 17_o 18_o king_n whether_o bind_v by_o prescription_n see_v prescription_n king_n that_o make_v law_n not_o subject_a to_o law_n 377._o not_o all_o constitute_v by_o the_o people_n 40._o not_o bind_v by_o their_o own_o law_n direct_o 101._o in_o name_n some_o not_o in_o power_n 39_o whether_o he_o may_v renounce_v his_o kingdom_n so_o as_o his_o son_n shall_v not_o inherit_v page_n 131_o king_n raise_v by_o providence_n fit_a for_o the_o time_n and_o people_n 41._o they_o have_v no_o superior_a but_o god_n 40._o their_o vice_n must_v be_v bear_v with_o patience_n ibid._n to_o revile_v they_o be_v wicked_a but_o to_o kill_v they_o though_o wicked_a horrid_a page_n 39_o a_o king_n person_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o case_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n page_n 66_o king_n regard_v honour_n more_o than_o power_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o abate_v of_o their_o right_n 54._o their_o private_a act_n subject_a to_o the_o law_n page_n 177_o against_o king_n the_o law_n that_o make_v void_a any_o private_a man_n act_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n be_v void_a ibid._n king_n promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n page_v 176_o a_o king_n word_n as_o firm_a as_o a_o oath_n page_n 175_o a_o king_n may_v null_a his_o own_o oath_n as_o private_a man_n antecedenter_v not_o consequenter_fw-la 177._o whether_o he_o may_v revoke_v his_o own_o act_n which_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n page_n 176_o king_n defend_v by_o severe_a law_n page_n 61_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n how_o the_o heir_n may_v be_v bind_v page_n 178_o how_o a_o king_n may_v be_v bind_v to_o his_o subject_n natural_o and_o how_o civil_o page_v 177_o king_n bind_v by_o their_o own_o law_n as_o a_o member_n not_o as_o the_o body_n
politic_a 377._o not_o punishable_a for_o their_o subject_n crime_n but_o for_o neglect_v of_o their_o own_o duty_n 393_o 394._o their_o oath_n may_v strengthen_v their_o power_n not_o lessen_v their_o supremacy_n page_n 44_o 45_o king_n vanquish_v what_o they_o have_v be_v the_o conqueror_n 479._o whether_o to_o be_v spare_v page_n 502_o 503_o king_n war_a for_o punishment_n bind_v to_o repair_v their_o subject_n loss_n page_n 420_o king_n though_o conquer_v yet_o substitute_v under_o the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o general_a care_n of_o humane_a society_n page_n 388_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o law_n and_o when_o page_n 177_o the_o king_n a_o minor_a mad_a a_o captive_n in_o who_o the_o power_n to_o make_v peace_n be_v page_n 544_o a_o king_n not_o reign_v by_o full_a right_n his_o act_n may_v be_v null_v by_o the_o people_n law_n page_n 176_o a_o king_n who_o pay_v not_o his_o army_n be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v the_o wrong_n do_v by_o it_o page_n 533_o a_o king_n murder_v nothing_o ensue_v but_o blood_n and_o slaughter_n page_n 65_o a_o king_n may_v claim_v relief_n by_o the_o law_n against_o such_o private_a act_n of_o his_o as_o be_v occasion_v by_o fraud_n fear_n error_n and_o against_o extortion_n page_n 176_o a_o good_a king_n respect_v what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v not_o what_o he_o may_v do_v page_n 46_o king_n of_o persia_n absolute_a yet_o swear_v not_o to_o alter_v the_o law_n page_n 45_o king_n falsify_v their_o oath_n judge_v after_o death_n ibid._n king_n of_o israel_n punish_v beat_v with_o rod_n 47._o in_o some_o case_n have_v not_o right_o to_o judge_v ibid._n kingly_a government_n assert_v by_o the_o gospel_n page_n 18_o kingdom_n absolute_a 38._o mix_v between_o monarchy_n and_o principality_n 47_o 48._o patrimonial_a if_o indivisible_a due_a to_o the_o elder_a son_n page_n 127_o kingdom_n transfer_v by_o the_o people_n be_v inheritance_n yet_o separable_a from_o other_o nor_o liable_a to_o debt_n ibid._n in_o what_o case_n alienable_a not_o possess_v in_o full_a right_n not_o alienable_a without_o the_o people_n consent_n page_n 44._o kingdom_n and_o principality_n promiscuous_o use_v page_n 41_o kingdom_n transfer_v by_o the_o people_n if_o in_o doubt_n individual_a and_o to_o descend_v rather_o to_o male_n than_o female_n 128._o more_o difficult_o keep_v than_o conquer_v 526._o how_o divide_v 143._o some_o hold_v during_o the_o people_n pleasure_n 42._o bound_a some_o by_o natural_a some_o by_o artificial_a bound_n page_n 94_o 137_o kingdom_n hold_v by_o a_o right_a usufructuary_n other_o by_o a_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n and_o so_o alienable_a page_n 42_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a may_v descend_v to_o such_o as_o be_v near_o to_o the_o first_o king_n page_n 127_o king_n absolute_a accountable_a to_o none_o 39_o have_v a_o right_n from_o god_n to_o command_v subject_n to_o obey_v 54._o of_o judah_n can_v not_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n but_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n may_v unless_o in_o some_o case_n page_n 63_o king_n govern_v not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o law_n but_o the_o law_n themselves_o for_o the_o public_a good_a page_n 38_o 39_o king_n in_o their_o private_a concern_v submit_v their_o case_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n which_o they_o themselves_o make_v page_n 50_o l._n lacedæmonians_n prefer_v the_o son_n bear_v after_o the_o father_n be_v king_n before_o he_o bear_v before_o 132._o they_o use_v more_o craft_n than_o force_n in_o their_o war_n 437._o their_o custom_n concern_v land_n take_v page_n 410_o levinus_n his_o advice_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n page_n 56_o land_n take_v in_o war_n be_v his_o that_o maintain_v it_o 472._o when_o say_v to_o be_v gain_v 470._o may_v be_v sell_v the_o measure_n name_v and_o yet_o not_o according_a to_o that_o measure_n page_n 137_o land_n some_o divide_a and_o artificial_o fence_v some_o assign_v by_o measure_n and_o some_o arcifinious_a page_n 94_o land_n if_o in_o doubt_v not_o judge_v arcifinious_a ibid._n now_o find_v if_o prepossess_v no_o ground_n of_o war_n if_o drown_v where_o presume_v to_o be_v desert_v page_n 137_o land_n drown_v natural_o not_o lose_v ibid._n gain_v by_o war_n several_a way_n dispose_v yet_o always_o as_o the_o people_n order_v 472._o recover_v by_o postliminy_n page_n 491_o humane_a law_n may_v ordain_v thing_n preternatural_a but_o not_o thing_n against_o nature_n page_n 81_o 89_o a_o lawmaker_n may_v take_v away_o the_o condemn_a power_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o particular_a act_n or_o person_n page_n 376_o 377_o law_n what_o 4._o of_o nature_n what_o it_o be_v ibid._n from_o whence_o pref._n v._o in_o some_o sense_n the_o law_n of_o god_n vi_fw-la not_o alterable_a by_o god_n himself_o 5._o distinguish_v into_o that_o which_o be_v so_o pure_o and_o that_o which_o be_v so_o for_o some_o certain_a state_n page_n 140_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n take_v in_o a_o twofold_a sense_n carnal_o and_o spiritual_o page_v 17_o law_n ceremonial_a and_o judicial_a when_o and_o how_o take_v away_o 19_o moysaicall_a have_v neither_o first_o nor_o last_o page_n 110_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n take_v place_n where_o the_o civil_a can_v be_v exercise_v page_n 368_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n explain_v by_o those_o give_v by_o god_n pref._n vi_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nature_n how_o prove_v and_o distinguish_v from_o other_o pref._n fourteen_o nothing_o in_o the_o old_a law_n repugnant_a unto_o it_o xviii_o it_o have_v sometime_o some_o show_n of_o change_n pref._n ix_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n violate_v every_o prince_n may_v make_v war_n page_n 384_o every_o man_n take_v that_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o it_o first_o imbibe_v page_n 385_o the_o law_n do_v not_o always_o null_a what_o it_o for_o bid_v 37._o of_o tithe_n and_o the_o sabbath_n how_o oblige_v christian_n page_n 10_o a_o law_n imply_v every_o man_n express_a conseâ—t_n 517._o ground_v upon_o presumption_n of_o a_o fact_n never_o do_v oblige_v not_o page_n 152_o 153_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n for_o land_n drown_v page_n 137_o the_o roman_a law_n concern_v such_o contract_n wherein_o the_o inequality_n be_v above_o half_a the_o value_n page_n 160_o 161_o the_o law_n in_o permit_v a_o private_a man_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n whether_o it_o free_v the_o conscience_n page_n 76_o 373_o 374_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v forbid_v what_o natural_o be_v lawful_a page_n 81_o the_o law_n of_o vsucapion_n whether_o it_o extend_v to_o the_o supreme_a power_n 101._o or_o to_o its_o part_n ibid._n the_o universal_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n particular_o fail_v in_o any_o one_o fact_n the_o law_n may_v be_v dispense_v with_o page_n 153_o 377_o how_o far_o a_o lawmaker_n oblige_v himself_o page_n 377_o etc._n etc._n hebrew_n law_n forbid_v polygamy_n and_o divorce_n page_n 105_o 106_o what_o law_n oblige_v page_n 530_o the_o hebrew_n law_n copy_n for_o christian_n except_o in_o three_o case_n page_n 10_o law_n and_o contract_n how_o they_o differ_v 178._o not_o all_o oblige_a 178_o 179._o common_a agreement_n among_o the_o people_n 150_o 151._o some_o very_a unjust_a page_n 121_o law_n adjudge_v criminal_n to_o death_n to_o be_v favourable_o interpret_v 59_o the_o divine_a law_n judge_v to_o death_n have_v sometime_o tacit_a exception_n ibid._n law_n respect_v that_o which_o be_v general_o profitable_a 56._o some_o may_v be_v make_v decree_a when_v and_o how_o the_o supreme_a shall_v be_v lose_v page_n 101_o law_n concern_v thing_n promise_v oblige_v 152._o judge_v to_o death_n the_o relation_n of_o criminal_a malefactor_n unjust_a page_n 403_o law_n civil_a concern_v the_o promise_n of_o minor_n page_v 152_o law_n pinnacle_n the_o hand_n philosophy_n the_o mind_n 160._o respect_n not_o small_a cheat_n and_o why_o ibid._n diverse_a concern_v buy_v and_o sell_v page_n 161_o law_n divine_a voluntary_a how_o different_a from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 7._o it_o oblige_v before_o it_o be_v write_v 8._o civil_a what_o 7._o whence_o pref._n seven_o ceremonial_a when_o abrogate_a and_o the_o judicial_a when_o page_n 9_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n oblige_v not_o stranger_n 8._o to_o the_o mos_n call_v law_n the_o israelite_n only_o stand_v oblige_v but_o to_o that_o of_o circumcision_n all_o abraham_n posterity_n page_n 9_o law_n have_v two_o part_n directive_n to_o king_n and_o coercive_a to_o subject_n page_n 39_o law_n give_v by_o god_n three_o time_n to_o adam_n noah_n christ_n 8._o the_o old_a not_o useless_a by_o the_o come_n of_o the_o new_a pref._n xviii_o law_n shall_v command_v thing_n possible_a 375._o give_v testimony_n of_o their_o integrity_n page_n 430_o law_n differ_v from_o counsel_n and_o how_o 3_o 4._o and_o from_o permission_n and_o how_o page_n 4._o a_o law_n make_v against_o murderer_n by_o force_n and_o arm_n judge_v all_o
practice_n have_v over_o we_o to_o commend_v or_o discommend_v any_o thing_n to_o humane_a sense_n page_n 111_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o saint_n the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o christ_n precept_n page_v 25_o the_o six_o precept_n write_v to_o adam_n and_o noah_n page_n 110_o precept_n of_o christ_n for_o nonresistance_n in_o what_o sense_n page_n 33_o precept_n of_o the_o gospel_n whether_o contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 16_o precept_n of_o the_o second_o table_n their_o order_n page_n 379_o prediction_n divine_a whether_o they_o confer_v a_o right_a page_n 411_o prayer_n and_o tear_n the_o best_a remedy_n against_o the_o tyranny_n of_o king_n page_n 47_o prey_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o greek_n roman_n french_a concern_v they_o 473_o 474._o sometime_o give_v to_o the_o soldier_n and_o why_o 475._o sometime_o to_o several_a use_n 477._o when_o this_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n begin_v 479._o it_o may_v be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 478_o sometime_o to_o subject_n and_o associate_n ibid._n the_o ten_o consecrate_v to_o god_n 468._o approve_a of_o by_o god_n page_n 468_o 469_o to_o prey_n upon_o stranger_n ancient_o lawful_a page_n 182_o after_o prey_n to_o hunt_v before_o the_o victory_n be_v assure_v dangerous_a page_n 479_o present_v government_n to_o obey_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o good_a subject_a page_n 99_o preparation_n extraordinary_a for_o war_n a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 383_o price_n of_o thing_n whence_o page_n 204_o by_o prescription_n title_n to_o empire_n may_v be_v get_v or_o lose_v 100_o 101._o yet_o not_o without_o some_o presumption_n of_o dereliction_n page_n 101_o prescription_n enforce_v by_o open_a hostility_n not_o good_a page_n 492_o by_o prescription_n may_v be_v lose_v what_o be_v separable_a from_o sovereignty_n 101._o whether_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o it_o ibid._n presumption_n sometime_o authoritative_a page_n 442_o priest_n not_o to_o be_v embroil_v in_o war_n 29._o exempt_v by_o the_o heathen_n 431._o to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n 505._o not_o to_o marry_v a_o woman_n divorce_v a_o widow_n or_o a_o whâ—re_a page_n 105_o prince_n to_o abstain_v from_o war_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o subject_n 418._o to_o regard_v their_o honour_n more_o than_o their_o power_n or_o profit_n ibid._n their_o life_n to_o be_v favourable_o censure_v 56._o not_o to_o be_v obey_v in_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n 427._o their_o vice_n to_o be_v bear_v with_o patience_n 56._o may_v alienate_v the_o people_n money_n for_o the_o public_a good_n yet_o satisfaction_n must_v be_v give_v 179_o 180._o better_a to_o forego_v somewhat_o of_o their_o right_n than_o harrass_n their_o country_n with_o intestine_a war_n page_n 99_o one_o prince_n may_v hold_v of_o another_o in_o fee_n and_o yet_o remain_v free_a and_o have_v supreme_a power_n page_n 66_o the_o prince_n elector_n consent_n include_v all_o the_o state_n in_o germany_n in_o any_o alienation_n page_n 119_o the_o prince_n of_o a_o free_a people_n may_v by_o force_n be_v restrain_v page_n 63_o a_o prince_n new_o make_v retain_v the_o same_o place_n which_o the_o people_n former_o do_v page_n 143_o principle_n of_o nature_n some_o by_o themselves_o manifest_a other_o by_o deduction_n page_n 385_o prisoner_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o a_o society_n 447._o release_v upon_o their_o promise_n to_o return_v whether_o they_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o do_v so_o page_n 567_o 568_o prisoner_n they_o be_v when_o carry_v into_o the_o enemy_n garrison_n 470._o take_v by_o thief_n no_o slave_n page_n 451_o a_o prisoner_n release_v to_o release_v another_o he_o be_v dead_a be_v bind_v to_o pay_v his_o own_o ransom_n but_o not_o to_o return_v page_n 562_o a_o private_a man_n oblige_v himself_o to_o a_o enemy_n whether_o he_o do_v it_o against_o the_o commonwealth_n 566_o 567._o shall_v not_o attempt_v to_o judge_v what_o be_v the_o people_n page_n 66_o of_o private_a man_n kill_v their_o enemy_n example_n page_v 167_o 168_o etc._n etc._n whether_o for_o private_a christian_n to_o kill_v malefactor_n be_v lawful_a page_n 373_o a_o private_a man_n how_o far_o what_o he_o take_v he_o may_v make_v his_o own_o page_n 434_o 435_o private_a agreement_n with_o enemy_n when_o void_a and_o when_o oblige_a page_n 566_o 567_o a_o private_a cause_n in_o war_n may_v be_v join_v with_o a_o public_a page_n 66_o private_a man_n not_o engage_v natural_o for_o public_a debt_n far_o than_o proportion_n page_n 446_o private_a profit_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o public_a pref._n viij_o private_a man_n must_v be_v careful_a of_o themselves_o but_o prince_n of_o other_o page_n 495_o privilege_n how_o interpret_v 207_o 208._o which_o to_o be_v large_o interpret_v page_n 560_o prize_n see_v reprizal_n procreation_n beget_v a_o community_n in_o thing_n procreate_v page_n 138_o 139_o prodigal_a gift_n may_v be_v receive_v 154._o but_o when_o give_v by_o prince_n to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o may_v be_v revoke_v page_n 180_o profit_n to_o procure_v to_o another_o to_o spend_v somewhat_o of_o his_o no_o theft_n page_n 442_o profit_n common_a the_o ground_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n pref._n seven_o unnecessary_a no_o ground_n of_o war_n page_n 406_o prohibition_n do_v not_o always_o null_a the_o thing_n be_v do_v that_o be_v prohibit_v page_n 112_o promise_n all_o do_v not_o derogate_v from_o sovereign_a power_n 45._o to_o be_v bind_v they_o must_v be_v accept_v 155._o whether_o the_o acceptance_n shall_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n ibid._n promise_n natural_o debt_n 154._o make_v by_o another_o bind_v ibid._n when_o such_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v revoke_v page_n 155_o a_o promise_v make_v whether_o revocable_a before_o accept_v or_o the_o person_n to_o who_o die_v before_o accept_v ibid._n a_o promise_n in_o itself_o invalid_a how_o it_o may_v be_v make_v good_a whether_o it_o may_v be_v revoke_v be_v by_o another_o accept_v 56._o make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o how_o far_o oblige_v ibid._n not_o to_o admit_v of_o this_o restriction_n thing_n remain_v as_o they_o be_v unless_o in_o one_o case_n 197._o make_v by_o oath_n bind_v not_o in_o two_o case_n 173._o some_o favourable_a some_o odious_a some_o mix_a page_n 192._o promise_v that_o more_o damnify_v the_o promiser_n than_o benefit_n the_o promise_a not_o to_o be_v perform_v when_o only_o true_a page_n 198_o in_o promise_v some_o case_n excuse_v the_o non-performance_n page_n 199_o promise_n to_o be_v understand_v as_o the_o word_n then_o signify_v if_o no_o other_o conjecture_n hinder_v page_n 191_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o king_n make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o subject_n bind_v page_n 540_o promise_n natural_o may_v transfer_v a_o right_n 150._o make_v through_o error_n or_o misbelief_n not_o bind_v 566._o how_o far_o natural_o page_v 152_o a_o promise_n make_v not_o to_o sail_v or_o go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n not_o to_o take_v arm_n not_o to_o make_v a_o escape_n bind_v page_n 567_o promise_n confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n inviolable_a page_n 539._o the_o force_n of_o a_o promise_n page_n 150_o to_o a_o promise_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v require_v in_o the_o promiser_n page_n 152_o a_o bare_a promise_n will_v bear_v no_o action_n ibid._n a_o promise_v call_v by_o the_o hebrew_n a_o bond_n and_o why_o ibid._n if_o rash_o make_v bind_v not_o ibid._n seldom_o make_v but_o to_o loss_n ibid._n promise_n transfer_v a_o right_o require_v some_o outward_a sign_n page_n 153_o a_o promise_v make_v out_o of_o fear_n how_o far_o natural_o oblige_v 154._o bind_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a ibid._n to_o a_o promise_n when_o a_o charge_n may_v be_v add_v page_n 156_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o some_o cause_n vicious_a oblige_v 154._o charge_v with_o somewhat_o beneficial_a to_o another_o how_o effectual_a page_n 156_o promise_n natural_o good_a sometime_o null_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n page_n 154_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o act_n of_o mercy_n gratitude_n etc._n etc._n oblige_v to_o ourselves_o but_o can_v be_v exact_v by_o law_n page_n 151_o prophecy_n none_n not_o yet_o fulfil_v can_v be_v understand_v but_o by_o the_o spirit_n of_o prophecy_n 409._o that_o of_o esay_n about_o the_o peaceableness_n of_o christ_n kingdom_n how_o understand_v page_n 20_o prophecy_n in_o expound_v caution_n to_o prince_n 409._o the_o pretence_n of_o fulfil_v they_o no_o cause_n of_o war_n ibid._n proportion_n arithmetical_a and_o geometrical_a whether_o proper_o they_o distinguish_v between_o justice_n expletive_a and_o attributive_a page_n 396_o propriety_n its_o beginning_n and_o growth_n 78_o 80_o it_o come_v in_o 1._o by_o partition_n 2._o by_o occupancy_n 80._o it_o may_v be_v hold_v by_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n page_v 89_o prosperous_a success_n in_o war_n
whether_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n justifiable_a page_n 437_o 438_o protectorship_n in_o the_o minority_n or_o disability_n of_o king_n to_o who_o page_n 44_o protection_n take_v not_o away_o civil_a liberty_n 49._o it_o do_v not_o always_o argue_v subjection_n 50._o due_a to_o the_o oppress_a but_o not_o to_o wilful_a malefactor_n page_n 496_o provocation_n to_o sin_n wbence_n 379._o cause_n of_o restrain_v ibid._n prudenceâ—onversant_a â—onversant_z about_o thing_n indifferent_a call_v the_o tree_n of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n 79._o a_o virtue_n proper_a to_o prince_n justice_n to_o man_n as_o man_n page_v 418_o 419_o 430_o prudential_n rule_n guide_v we_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o thing_n good_a page_n 430_o pupil_n not_o bind_v to_o pay_v debt_n unless_o they_o gain_v by_o what_o they_o borrow_v page_n 147_o public_a good_a prefer_v before_o private_a page_n 56_o public_a remonstrance_n forbid_v the_o importation_n of_o good_n before_o they_o can_v be_v make_v prize_n page_n 436_o 437_o public_a profit_n prefer_v before_o honesty_n confute_v pref._n x_o public_a safety_n consist_v in_o well_o command_v and_o well_o obey_v page_n 57_o public_a thing_n distinguish_v from_o thing_n common_a page_n 89_o punishment_n of_o king_n what_o page_n 41_o punishment_n what_o 362._o the_o cure_n of_o wickedness_n ibid._n proportionable_a to_o the_o crime_n ibid._n sometime_o public_a when_o the_o sin_n be_v secret_a ibid._n how_o say_v to_o be_v due_a page_n 363_o to_o punish_v all_o sin_n equal_o unjust_a page_n 362_o punishment_n to_o what_o end_n ordain_v 363_o 365_o all_o refer_v to_o the_o time_n to_o come_v 364._o not_o as_o sweet_a to_o the_o punisher_n but_o profitable_a to_o the_o punish_v ibid._n god_n punish_v sometime_o to_o show_v his_o power_n and_o mere_o for_o revenge_v ibid._n to_o punish_v the_o incorrigible_a with_o death_n better_a than_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o live_v page_n 366_o to_o punish_v any_o man_n have_v a_o right_a natural_o that_o be_v himself_o innocent_a page_n 367_o by_o punishment_n what_o benefit_n accrue_v page_n 368_o of_o punishment_n exemplary_a ibid._n all_o punishment_n not_o remit_v to_o the_o penitent_a objection_n answer_v first_o from_o god_n mercy_n page_n 372_o punishment_n not_o all_o capital_a 376._o not_o necessary_a when_o the_o end_n may_v be_v attain_v without_o it_o ibid._n may_v be_v remit_v both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a page_n 376_o 377_o of_o punishment_n some_o may_v be_v remit_v some_o severe_o exact_v some_o may_v be_v either_o page_n 376_o from_o punishment_n some_o cause_n exempt_a offender_n page_n 377_o punishment_n shall_v be_v proportion_v to_o merit_v 378._o do_v not_o always_o argue_v civil_a jurisdiction_n 385._o vary_v according_a to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o offender_n to_o judge_v between_o good_a and_o evil_a page_n 380_o 381_o beast_n proper_o not_o punishable_a page_n 401_o punishment_n by_o bare_a counter-passion_n reject_v page_n 381_o in_o punish_a regard_n to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n punish_v ibid._n no_o acceptation_n of_o person_n ibid._n the_o punishment_n of_o cattle_n steal_v out_o of_o the_o field_n or_o out_o of_o the_o house_n ibid._n punishment_n ought_v to_o be_v mild_a than_o the_o law_n 382._o exemplary_a upon_o such_o only_a as_o be_v incorrigible_a ibid._n of_o punishment_n a_o man_n may_v partake_v by_o reception_n of_o malefactor_n 395._o and_o how_o otherwise_o page_n 393_o punishment_n of_o individual_n be_v death_n of_o city_n desolation_n 399._o communicate_v between_o body_n politic_a and_o its_o member_n how_o far_a ibid._n how_o a_o man_n may_v be_v involve_v in_o the_o punishment_n that_o be_v not_o partaker_n of_o the_o crime_n with_o some_o caution_n page_n 400_o for_o what_o the_o major_a part_n decree_n the_o minor_a dissent_v be_v not_o punishable_a page_n 399_o none_n punish_v proper_o for_o the_o sin_n of_o another_o page_n 401_o punishment_n for_o public_a injury_n may_v be_v exact_v at_o any_o time_n during_o the_o offender_n life_n 400._o may_v be_v remit_v or_o mitigate_v for_o some_o precede_a merit_n page_n 417_o punishment_n better_o remit_v than_o exact_v by_o war_n especial_o by_o injure_a king_n page_n 416_o 417_o when_o punishment_n be_v tacit_o remit_v page_n 570_o in_o punishment_n the_o measure_n whence_o collect_v page_n 379_o in_o punishment_n retrospection_n to_o be_v have_v to_o our_o former_a life_n ibid._n punishment_n once_o due_a may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v page_n 399_o all_o punishment_n if_o great_a have_v somewhat_o of_o justice_n in_o they_o but_o somewhat_o also_o that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o charity_n page_n 376_o the_o purpose_n and_o intention_n only_o sometime_o punish_v page_n 383_o q._n qualification_n natural_a transfer_v no_o right_a page_n 368_o a_o question_n put_v if_o in_o the_o whole_a it_o can_v be_v assent_v unto_o it_o must_v be_v discuss_v in_o part_n page_n 114_o the_o quarrel_n be_v begin_v by_o he_o that_o provoke_v it_o page_n 499_o r._n rabirius_n perfidious_o deal_v with_o by_o marius_n page_n 565_o ransom_n agree_v bind_v though_o the_o prisoner_n be_v of_o better_a quality_n than_o be_v suppose_v page_n 562_o the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n vary_v page_n 523_o redemption_n of_o captive_n much_o favour_v among_o christian_n 561._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_o forbid_a page_n 562_o ransom_n whether_o chargeable_a upon_o the_o heir_n ibid._n a_o rape_n commit_v in_o the_o field_n and_o in_o the_o city_n the_o difference_n page_n 75_o ravishment_n whether_o in_o war_n lawful_a 463._o the_o most_o civilise_a nation_n restrain_v it_o 464._o against_o it_o no_o law_n extant_a before_o moses_n page_n 110_o reason_n adequate_v what_o it_o operate_v 408._o the_o foundation_n of_o law_n 6._o nature_n best_a guide_n page_n 11_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n direct_v we_o to_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o 192._o none_n so_o ready_o obey_v as_o he_o that_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n not_o always_o the_o same_o with_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n ibid._n when_o the_o self_n same_o reason_n justify_v a_o extend_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n of_o a_o promise_n page_n 196_o 197_o the_o reception_n of_o malefactor_n tolerate_v unless_o they_o be_v such_o as_o disturb_v the_o peace_n page_n 398_o 399_o 550_o 551_o the_o reception_n of_o exile_n fugitive_n and_o such_o as_o come_v to_o inhabit_v no_o breach_n of_o peace_n page_n 550_o 551_o redemption_n of_o captive_n much_o favour_v ibid._n the_o redeem_a how_o far_o bind_v to_o the_o redeemer_n page_n 490_o for_o the_o redemption_n of_o captive_n the_o consecrate_a vessel_n sell_v page_n 561_o reformado_n what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o internal_a justice_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o themselves_o or_o their_o prince_n 535._o what_o christian_a charity_n require_v of_o they_o ibid._n refuge_n city_n of_o what_o use_n page_n 397_o regal_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o roman_a dictator_n though_o not_o under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n page_n 41_o relief_n send_v to_o a_o town_n close_o besiege_v to_o what_o it_o oblige_v page_n 435_o religion_n man_n chance_n not_o choice_n every_o nation_n think_v his_o own_o best_a 389._o in_o what_o sense_n it_o belong_v unto_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 387._o it_o restrain_v both_o prince_n and_o people_n 386._o how_o necessary_a for_o humane_a society_n ibid._n its_o foundation_n be_v to_o know_v god_n and_o his_o providence_n 388_o 382._o it_o depend_v among_o the_o jew_n upon_o no_o other_o humane_a authority_n than_o upon_o the_o king_n and_o sanhedrim_n 59_o in_o defence_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o liberty_n war_n lawful_a page_n 416_o religion_n free_o leave_v to_o the_o conquer_a no_o prejudice_n to_o the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o religious_a place_n obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 465._o they_o ought_v to_o be_v spare_v page_n 515_o to_o remit_v punishment_n sometime_o better_a than_o to_o exact_v they_o page_n 376_o renegado_n punishable_a when_o page_n 396_o rent_n not_o to_o be_v abate_v for_o a_o barren_a year_n page_n 162_o renunciation_n of_o a_o kingdom_n whether_o it_o prejudice_v the_o child_n bear_v or_o unborn_a page_n 124_o 125_o 131_o reparation_n for_o damage_n do_v primary_o and_o secondary_o 201._o he_o that_o encourage_v or_o commend_v a_o malefactor_n be_v bind_v ibid._n to_o reparation_n how_o far_o a_o homicide_n be_v bind_v 202._o so_o for_o mutilation_n loss_n of_o liberty_n adultery_n ravishment_n robbery_n defraud_v of_o the_o king_n custom_n ibid._n the_o principal_n and_o accessary_n how_o far_o bind_v to_o repair_v damage_n page_n 201_o to_o reparation_n they_o be_v not_o bind_v that_o omit_v what_o in_o charity_n be_v due_a ibid._n reparation_n for_o damage_n do_v to_o friend_n by_o letter_n of_o marque_n grant_v against_o enemy_n whether_o due_a from_o the_o grantors_n page_n 203_o
ibid._n common_a worse_o than_o hangman_n ibid._n most_o backward_o to_o fight_v most_o forward_o to_o plunder_v 476._o bound_n by_o oath_n not_o to_o embezel_n the_o spoil_n 478_o how_o they_o march_v inoffensive_o in_o a_o country_n at_o peace_n 531._o their_o sword_n seal_v in_o their_o scabbard_n ibid._n soldier_n straggle_v and_o plunder_v to_o be_v assault_v as_o thief_n page_v 374_o specification_n page_n 88_o 139_o speech_n proper_a to_o man_n pref._n four_o spy_n to_o send_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 463._o yea_o and_o to_o kill_v they_o be_v discover_v ibid._n spoil_v take_v from_o a_o enemy_n who_o 471._o dispose_v of_o by_o the_o general_n 474._o sell_v by_o the_o quaestor_n and_o the_o money_n bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n without_o diminution_n 474_o 475._o sometime_o divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n 475._o sometime_o part_v by_o plunder_n 476._o whereof_o the_o general_n may_v take_v what_o he_o please_v 475._o sometime_o to_o they_o that_o have_v contribute_v extraordinary_o to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war_n 477._o sometime_o between_o the_o soldier_n and_o the_o state_n 478_o 479._o sometime_o to_o the_o maim_a and_o to_o widow_n and_o orphan_n 479._o sometime_o impart_v to_o our_o associate_n in_o war_n 478_o and_o to_o reformado_n 479._o may_v by_o a_o antecedent_n law_n be_v decree_v to_o public_a use_n 478_o sometime_o embezele_v and_o the_o commonwealth_n rob_v ibid._n take_v by_o public_a act_n the_o commonwealth_n but_o by_o private_a they_o that_o take_v they_o ibid._n of_o a_o town_n if_o storm_v the_o soldier_n if_o surrender_v the_o commander_n page_n 479_o sponsion_n what_o 187._o how_o far_o a_o general_n bind_v if_o the_o king_n refuse_v 188._o at_o caudis_fw-la and_o numantia_n oblige_v the_o army_n not_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n ibid._n make_v by_o general_n league_n by_o king_n page_n 179_o sponsor_n in_o war_n how_o far_o bind_v 180._o their_o estate_n may_v be_v sell_v their_o person_n enslave_v but_o their_o prince_n not_o oblige_v page_n 188_o so_o steal_v away_o the_o heart_n what_o it_o mean_v page_n 441_o stipulation_n be_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o deliberate_a mind_n page_n 152_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o slave_n may_v be_v take_v from_o he_o in_o what_o case_n 522._o how_o far_o his_o lord_n and_o how_o far_o his_o page_n 521_o the_o stoic_n dispute_v much_o about_o word_n 376_o 377._o they_o account_v it_o wisdom_n to_o know_v when_o and_o where_o to_o lie_v page_n 440_o to_o stranger_n to_o deny_v marriage_n unlawful_a 86._o their_o good_n not_o subject_n to_o the_o supereminent_a power_n of_o king_n 178._o they_o must_v observe_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o they_o live_v with_o 81._o to_o rob_v they_o ancient_o a_o honourable_a trade_n 182._o how_o they_o shall_v judge_v of_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n 480._o how_o a_o right_a may_v arise_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 141_o their_o good_n may_v be_v detain_v for_o our_o or_o our_o subject_n debt_n page_n 448_o subjection_n mutual_a between_o king_n and_o people_n refute_v 41._o public_a wat_fw-mi 117._o sometime_o require_v protection_n page_n 422_o subject_n sometime_o call_v servant_n 42._o when_o they_o may_v safe_o engage_v in_o a_o just_a war_n 43._o their_o good_n may_v be_v seize_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o their_o society_n 448._o how_o their_o right_n may_v lawful_o be_v take_v from_o they_o 178._o but_o not_o without_o just_a cause_n 179._o may_v just_o make_v war_n 427._o what_o they_o may_v do_v if_o the_o cause_n be_v unjust_a ibid._n or_o if_o they_o doubt_v not_o to_o execute_v the_o wicked_a command_n of_o their_o prince_n 428._o not_o punishable_a for_o their_o prince_n sin_n proper_o 411._o of_o a_o enemy_n may_v every_o where_o be_v present_v unless_o protect_v by_o another_o prince_n page_n 458_o a_o subject_n not_o to_o be_v solicit_v to_o kill_v his_o prince_n nor_o a_o soldier_n his_o general_n 462._o bound_n by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n but_o so_o be_v not_o stranger_n 448._o be_v invade_v the_o peace_n be_v break_v 549._o not_o if_o pirate_n ibid._n fight_v under_o a_o enemy_n whether_o it_o break_v the_o peace_n ibid._n whether_o they_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o be_v hostage_n 555._o and_o how_o ibid._n of_o another_o prince_n whether_o they_o may_v be_v defend_v page_n 425_o subject_n not_o to_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n prove_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o gospel_n 54_o 55._o their_o liberty_n liable_a to_o the_o fact_n of_o their_o prince_n 447._o as_o to_o they_o a_o war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 429_o 430._o take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o their_o prince_n 529._o may_v make_v war_n against_o their_o magistrate_n be_v authorize_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n page_n 53_o subjection_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n 117._o civil_a 485._o despotical_a ibid._n mix_v 486._o perfect_a and_o imperfect_a page_n 116_o 117_o success_n good_a of_o bad_a design_n no_o encouragement_n pref._n twelve_o succession_n be_v the_o continuation_n of_o a_o old_a title_n in_o the_o same_o family_n 42._o make_v man_n and_o kingdom_n immortal_a 117._o males_n prefer_v before_o female_n and_o the_o elder_a before_o the_o young_a 128._o to_o kingdom_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o king_n ibid._n the_o law_n be_v divers_a concern_v it_o 126._o to_o a_o intestate_a 122._o what_o if_o childless_a 127._o to_o a_o estate_n new_o gain_v 126._o in_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a how_o guide_v 127._o representative_a what_o 124._o not_o know_v to_o the_o german_n till_o late_o 126._o lineal_a agnatical_a 130._o cognatical_a 129._o that_o always_o respect_v the_o proximity_n to_o the_o first_o king_n 130._o in_o kingdom_n indivisible_a to_o the_o elder_a 127._o wherein_o the_o elder_a brother_n son_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n 132._o the_o sister_n son_n before_o the_o king_n own_o son_n 130._o who_o shall_v be_v judge_n of_o it_o if_o in_o doubt_n 131._o of_o the_o nephew_n before_o the_o uncle_n be_v but_o of_o late_a page_n 132._o succession_n to_o kingdom_n the_o same_o as_o to_o other_o estate_n when_o that_o kingdom_n be_v first_o establish_v 129._o wherein_o the_o antenate_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o postnate_a if_o the_o kingdom_n be_v indivisible_a 131._o why_o descendent_a rather_o than_o ascendent_a page_n 123_o 124_o the_o successor_n bind_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n 178._o and_o how_o far_o page_n 179_o suffer_v a_o man_n may_v by_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n and_o yet_o not_o for_o it_o page_n 400_o 401_o suffrage_n how_o to_o be_v reckon_v where_o divers_a society_n claim_v by_o unequal_a share_n page_n 114_o superior_n how_o they_o may_v lie_v to_o their_o subject_n 443._o what_o they_o may_v do_v about_o the_o oath_n of_o their_o inferior_n 173_o 174._o may_v compel_v their_o inferior_n not_o only_o to_o that_o which_o be_v just_o due_a by_o justice_n but_o by_o any_o other_o virtue_n page_n 423_o suppliant_n liable_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 461._o their_o right_a to_o who_o due_a 396_o 397._o to_o be_v protect_v until_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n be_v know_v 399._o to_o be_v spare_v 508._o unless_o guilty_a of_o some_o crime_n deserve_v death_n ibid._n supply_v send_v to_o a_o enemy_n by_o neuter_n page_n 435_o see_v relief_n supreme_a power_n what_o and_o in_o who_o 37._o not_o in_o the_o people_n 37_o 38._o it_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n subjective_a and_o potential_a 46._o not_o lessen_v by_o consent_v that_o their_o act_n shall_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n ibid._n a_o surety_n suffer_v not_o for_o the_o debt_n but_o for_o his_o engagement_n 400_o 401._o not_o to_o be_v trouble_v unless_o the_o principal_n be_v insolvent_a page_n 518_o to_o surrender_n unless_o succour_v come_v how_o to_o be_v understand_v page_n 531_o swallow_n feed_v their_o young_a by_o turn_n page_n 123_o t._n talio_n not_o to_o extend_v beyond_o the_o person_n page_n 508_o see_v retaliation_n talio_n buy_v off_o by_o the_o jew_n page_n 371_o tax_n that_o maintain_v the_o war_n restore_v by_o fabritius_n page_n 477_o the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n enter_v into_o by_o pompey_n and_o burn_v by_o titus_n 466_o 467._o its_o religious_a sanctity_n page_n 466_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o gentile_n burn_v by_o the_o jew_n ibid._n temple_n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v 514._o to_o violate_v they_o sacrilege_n page_n 515_o temptation_n vehement_a excuse_v in_o part_n page_n 378_o terminus_n will_v have_v no_o blood_n shed_v in_o his_o sacrifice_n page_n 526_o territory_n whence_o 470._o with_o what_o be_v fix_v therein_o be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v the_o king_n page_n 472_o terror_n alone_o give_v no_o internal_a right_o to_o kill_v page_n 508_o testament_n want_v some_o formality_n what_o effect_v it_o
may_v have_v 482_o 483._o to_o make_v be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 120._o they_o may_v be_v make_v by_o stranger_n by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n ibid._n by_o testament_n kingdom_n patrimonial_a may_v be_v bequeath_v but_o other_o not_o but_o by_o the_o people_n consent_n page_n 43_o 44_o to_o hinder_v a_o man_n from_o make_v his_o testament_n oblige_v to_o satisfaction_n page_n 201_o thebaean_a legion_n page_n 62_o 93_o 428_o theseus_n the_o scourge_n of_o wickedness_n page_n 384_o theft_n prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 5._o in_o extreme_a necessity_n lawful_a with_o some_o condition_n 81_o 82._o nocturnal_a and_o diurnal_a the_o different_a punishment_n and_o why_o 74_o 75._o against_o it_o severe_a law_n sometime_o mitigate_v through_o charity_n page_n 75_o 76_o it_o be_v theft_n to_o require_v more_o or_o give_v less_o in_o measure_n weight_n or_o number_n than_o be_v contract_v for_o page_n 160_o theft_n not_o punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n 76._o nor_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v approve_v though_o tolerate_v ibid._n a_o thief_n nocturnal_a may_v be_v kill_v in_o what_o case_n 32_o 75._o to_o kill_v whether_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v only_o tolerate_v or_o justify_v page_n 76_o thief_n live_v not_o without_o law_n pref._n ix_o and_o pirate_n have_v no_o right_n of_o embassage_n page_n 206_o no_o theft_n to_o spend_v somewhat_o of_o another_o to_n procure_v he_o a_o great_a profit_n page_n 442_o thing_n thus_o stand_v how_o and_o when_o understand_v 151._o steal_a lose_v not_o their_o property_n 97._o that_o have_v no_o owner_n the_o german_n give_v their_o prince_n 135._o give_v as_o lose_v cease_v to_o be_v we_o 98._o take_v from_o a_o enemy_n be_v they_o that_o take_v they_o though_o first_o take_v from_o friend_n 470_o 471._o take_v in_o a_o just_a war_n how_o far_a we_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 468._o move_a and_o movable_a take_v by_o private_a act_n in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v lawful_a prize_n 472_o 473._o useless_a in_o war_n may_v be_v spare_v 514._o sacred_a and_o religious_a receive_v by_o postliminy_n 492._o not_o the_o enemy_n not_o gain_v by_o war_n 470_o etc._n etc._n to_o defend_v justify_v interfection_n natural_o 74._o how_o far_o lawful_a by_o the_o gospel_n 75._o twice_o sell_v who_o right_a be_v best_a page_n 161_o thing_n to_o restore_v take_v for_o any_o satisfaction_n as_o thing_n to_o take_v away_o understand_v for_o any_o injury_n 456._o lose_v not_o their_o dominion_n till_o within_o the_o enemy_n garrison_n 492._o of_o enemy_n to_o spoil_v how_o far_o lawful_a page_n 411_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n what_o 99_o long_o out_o of_o possession_n of_o what_o force_n to_o prove_v dereliction_n page_n 98_o time_n and_o place_n of_o battle_n always_o proclaim_v page_n 445_o title_n none_o to_o be_v set_v on_o foot_n after_o four_o age_n 99_o 100_o to_o empire_n shall_v be_v fix_v 99_o original_o naught_o can_v by_o any_o postact_n be_v make_v good_a how_o understand_v page_n 100_o 101_o toll_n for_o importation_n of_o good_n in_o what_o case_n lawful_a 84_o 85._o for_o pass_a river_n and_o bridge_n ibid._n by_o sea_n may_v be_v lawful_o take_v page_n 93_o to_o traffic_n a_o right_a common_a to_o all_o 86_o it_o unite_v country_n remote_a ibid._n to_o hinder_v it_o with_o such_o nation_n unjust_a page_n 84_o in_o traffic_n by_o company_n how_o the_o gain_n be_v divide_v page_n 164_o traitor_n have_v no_o right_n of_o embassy_n 206._o against_o such_o and_o public_a enemy_n every_o man_n be_v a_o soldier_n 65_o 374._o to_o kill_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 462_o 463_o of_o treason_n against_o our_o country_n the_o danger_n not_o past_a a_o son_n may_v accuse_v his_o own_o father_n page_n 209_o to_o treason_n the_o next_o degree_n be_v to_o harbour_v traitor_n page_n 396_o traveller_n may_v for_o a_o while_n reside_v in_o any_o place_n page_n 85_o treasure_n find_v who_o it_o be_v 136._o the_o public_a not_o touch_v by_o mark_n antony_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n page_n 59_o treachery_n against_o robber_n and_o pirate_n when_o and_o why_o not_o punishable_a 463._o in_o a_o solemn_a war_n lawful_a unless_o by_o poison_n or_o private_a assasinatinn_n page_n 462_o tree_n of_o life_n what_o it_o signify_v and_o of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a page_n 79_o tribunal_n want_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n take_v place_n page_n 122_o tribune_n how_o make_v inviolable_a page_n 539_o tribute_n and_o tax_n due_a to_o king_n 3._o to_o maintain_v soldier_n page_n 20_o tributary_n associate_n page_v 57_o trifle_n not_o worth_a contend_v for_o page_z 21_o 22_o 23_o truce_n what_o a_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n 557._o when_o it_o begin_v to_o oblige_v and_o when_o it_o end_v 558_o 559_o break_v on_o one_o side_n or_o end_v needs_o no_o indiction_n of_o war_n 558_o 560._o continue_v no_o place_n to_o be_v surprise_v nor_o receive_v that_o will_v revolt_v 559._o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v within_o that_o time_n 559_o 560._o it_o may_v be_v make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n 565._o be_v end_v whether_o they_o that_o be_v forcible_o detain_v during_o it_o have_v a_o right_a to_o return_v page_n 559_o truth_n some_o easy_o assent_v unto_o other_o not_o but_o by_o three_o or_o four_o consequence_n page_n 385_o truth_n the_o same_o speak_v or_o swear_v page_n 175_o truth_n only_o to_o be_v speak_v in_o market_n page_n 441_o tyrant_n worse_o than_o hangman_n 426._o their_o scourge_n hercules_n 384_o with_o they_o faith_n to_o be_v keep_v if_o give_v as_o to_o such_o page_n 537_o 538_o v._n valentinian_n answer_n to_o his_o army_n page_n 40_o valour_n can_v prevail_v against_o nature_n nor_o dwell_v with_o famine_n page_n 119_o the_o valerian_n law_n in_o rome_n distinguish_v from_o solon_n in_o athens_n page_n 65_o the_o value_n of_o thing_n from_o whence_o page_n 161_o the_o vanquish_a to_o be_v treat_v gentle_o 527._o which_o may_v be_v do_v either_o 1._o by_o mix_v they_o with_o the_o conqueror_n 525._o 2._o by_o take_v nothing_o from_o they_o but_o what_o disturb_v peace_n 524._o 3._o by_o leave_v they_o their_o own_o empire_n 525._o except_v some_o strong_a garrison_n 526._o 4._o permit_v their_o own_o law_n magistrate_n religion_n with_o caution_n for_o the_o true_a religion_n 527._o 5._o by_o impose_v some_o tribute_n on_o they_o 526._o or_o some_o part_n of_o their_o government_n page_n 525_o variety_n of_o manner_n occasion_v by_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o the_o element_n page_n 375_o venom_n to_o use_v unlawful_a in_o war_n page_n 461_o 462._o see_v poison_n veracity_n a_o guide_n to_o all_o virtue_n page_n 444_o virtue_n some_o require_v moderation_n of_o affection_n other_o not_o pref._n xvii_o what_o the_o law_n enjoin_v the_o gospel_n require_v in_o a_o large_a measure_n page_n 10_o vice_n what_o not_o to_o be_v punish_v 374._o of_o thing_n contract_v for_o to_o be_v make_v know_v and_o why_o page_n 159_o victor_n who_o 552._o his_o duty_n towards_o they_o that_o yield_v page_n 554_o victory_n disdain_v unless_o get_v by_o manhood_n 445_o sometime_o the_o gift_n of_o fortune_n and_o not_o always_o the_o reward_n of_o valour_n 504._o be_v assure_v to_o waste_v thing_n be_v madness_n 513._o gain_v by_o fraud_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o gain_v by_o force_n page_n 437_o 438_o virgin_n milesian_n page_n 218_o virgin_n not_o to_o choose_v themselves_o husband_n page_n 107_o visible_a what_o be_v not_o have_v no_o certain_a right_a page_n 100_o that_o universals_z have_v a_o power_n to_o oblige_v singular_n 113._o their_o debt_n how_o far_o they_o bound_v their_o member_n page_n 545_o unborn_a the_o right_o defend_v by_o law_n lose_v by_o prescription_n page_n 187_o uninhabited_a place_n be_v the_o first_o occupants_n page_n 85_o unjust_a that_o be_v which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o humane_a society_n page_n 2_o unjust_o what_o be_v deny_v may_v just_o by_o war_n be_v take_v page_n 86_o unjust_a if_o the_o war_n be_v what_o ever_o be_v do_v in_o it_o be_v internal_o unjust_a page_n 495_o unjust_a war_n be_v no_o better_a than_o great_a robbery_n page_n 70_o to_o do_v unjust_a thing_n and_o to_o do_v unjust_o how_o distinguish_v page_n 428_o 429_o unlawful_a thing_n none_o to_o be_v urge_v unto_o page_n 446_o untruth_n whereby_o a_o by-stander_n be_v deceive_v no_o lie_n page_n 441_o unwilling_o what_o be_v do_v deserve_v pardon_n page_n 500_o vote_n in_o a_o society_n where_o divers_a claim_n unequal_a share_n how_o to_o be_v reckon_v page_n 114_o usurpation_n what_o 97._o of_o no_o force_n between_o king_n of_o divers_a nation_n ibid._n use_v common_a its_o authority_n in_o expound_v law_n page_n 25_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n natural_a page_n 78_o 79_o the_o use_n of_o a_o thing_n consist_v in_o abuse_n
be_v to_o be_v esteem_v beyond_o the_o thing_n page_n 162_o 163_o to_o use_v a_o man_n help_n be_v offer_v be_v lawful_a though_o to_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o it_o be_v unlawful_a page_n 446_o usurper_n who_o page_n 405_o a_o usurper_n not_o to_o be_v kill_v but_o oblige_v by_o private_a man_n by_o who_o he_o may_v 64_o 65_o 66._o his_o act_n bind_v not_o a_o lawful_a king_n 180._o but_o in_o some_o case_n his_o subject_n page_n 64_o 65_o usura_fw-la &_o foenus_fw-la how_o distinguish_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n page_n 163_o usury_n by_o what_o law_n forbid_v 162._o under_o it_o what_o gain_n fall_v ibid._n concern_v it_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v 164._o what_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n ibid._n w._n war_n and_o arm_n distinguish_v pref._n vi_fw-la when_o just_o make_v pref._n xi_o to_o be_v just_o manage_v ibid._n war_n define_v 2._o prove_v lawful_a by_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o nature_n 11._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 11_o 12._o by_o right_a reason_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o human_a society_n 12._o by_o sacred_a story_n 13._o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o all_o nation_n 14._o not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n not_o to_o the_o divine_a law_n ibid._n avoid_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o prevent_v some_o act_n which_o their_o religion_n allow_v not_o page_n 26_o war_n some_o lawful_a prove_v out_o of_o the_o father_n 26._o public_a private_a and_o mix_v 31._o private_a permit_v by_o moses_n 32._o after_o tribunal_n erect_v sometime_o lawful_a 31_o 32._o private_a in_o our_o own_o defence_n lawful_a 33_o 34._o solemn_a and_o less_o solemn_a ibid._n sometime_o make_v by_o inferior_a officer_n and_o whether_o such_o a_o war_n be_v solemn_a or_o public_a 35._o whether_o make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o prince_n ibid._n war_n to_o make_v without_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n treason_n ibid._n solemn_a can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 35_o 36_o 452._o the_o war_n of_o manlius_n against_o the_o galatae_n caius_n caesar_n in_o germany_n octavius_n and_o decimus_n cassius_n whether_o just_a page_n 35_o 36_o war_n against_o superior_n unlawful_a 54._o without_o cause_n unjust_a 70._o civil_a worse_o than_o tyranny_n page_n 65_o war_n shall_v be_v just_a if_o we_o will_v have_v it_o prosper_v 70._o it_o have_v three_o efficient_a cause_n principal_a auxiliary_a instrumental_a 66._o it_o begin_v where_o justice_n end_v 69._o its_o pretence_n always_o just_a though_o its_o cause_n sometime_o unjust_a page_n 70_o war_n cause_v for_o wrong_n do_v or_o in_o our_o own_o defence_n just_a 70._o make_v for_o other_o natural_o lawful_a 66._o to_o repair_v damage_n or_o to_o exact_a punishment_n lawful_a 383._o for_o punishment_n only_o seldom_o just_a 385_o 386._o make_v to_o lessen_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n only_o unlawful_a 76_o 77._o for_o sin_n against_o god_n whether_o lawful_a 386._o without_o cause_n suspect_v to_o be_v predatory_a 405._o the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o against_o wild_a beast_n next_o be_v that_o against_o man_n as_o brutish_a as_o beast_n page_v 384_o 385_o by_o war_n some_o thing_n gain_v be_v the_o king_n page_n 43_o 44_o war_n between_o christian_n not_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o scripture_n misunderstand_v 391._o then_o profitaable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n 412._o when_o unlawful_a though_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a 409._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 414_o 415._o undertake_v for_o religion_n or_o liberiy_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 416_o war_n make_v for_o a_o single_a subject_n not_o always_o convenient_a for_o the_o whole_a 422._o for_o the_o defence_n of_o subject_n lawful_a ibid._n for_o punishment_n seldom_o make_v by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n page_n 420_o the_o condition_n of_o war_n miserable_a page_n 421_o in_o war_n many_o change_n and_o chance_n happen_v which_o can_v be_v foresee_v page_n 418_o war_n may_v prudent_o be_v undertake_v where_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n 420_o 421._o may_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o subject_n on_o both_o side_n just_a 415._o denounce_v against_o prince_n and_o against_o all_o that_o be_v under_o his_o government_n 447._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v make_v as_o soon_o as_o denounce_v and_o in_o what_o case_n 455._o make_v by_o pirate_n or_o subject_n have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n ibid._n that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n take_v away_o that_o be_v public_o decree_v and_o solemn_o denounce_v page_n 452_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a i._n e._n not_o punishable_a 457._o its_o licence_n extend_v to_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n even_o stranger_n 458._o the_o innocent_a and_o nocent_a fare_n alike_o ibid._n its_o rage_n 459._o not_o to_o be_v wage_v but_o with_o some_o clemency_n 497_o 498._o especial_o among_o christian_n 495._o make_v against_o wall_n pillar_n house_n malicious_a page_n 512_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n as_o thing_n so_o a_o people_n take_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o liberty_n 530._o what_o be_v take_v shall_v be_v restore_v page_n 496_o a_o war_n may_v be_v mix_v in_o part_n public_a in_o part_n private_a 435._o may_v be_v make_v by_o soldier_n though_o wicked_a 431._o may_v be_v make_v against_o such_o as_o sin_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 384._o make_v to_o compel_v to_o christianity_n unlawful_a page_n 389_o war_n to_o be_v sometime_o avoid_v by_o prince_n for_o their_o subject_n sake_n 418._o make_v to_o establish_v peace_n 524_o 571._o for_o revenge_n not_o to_o exceed_v a_o just_a measure_n page_n 497_o 498_o unto_o a_o unâ—ust_a war_n none_o to_o be_v compel_v page_n 187_o war_n may_v lawful_o be_v make_v for_o friend_n and_o associate_n 424._o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n 425._o for_o any_o man_n page_v 424_o war_n then_o just_a when_o necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v our_o last_o remedy_n page_n 452_o wedlock_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o matrimony_n page_n 112_o of_o weight_n or_o measure_n to_o exact_v more_o or_o less_o than_o be_v contract_v for_o be_v theft_n page_n 160_o a_o wife_n may_v rocover_v from_o her_o husband_n what_o she_o lend_v he_o if_o thereby_o he_o be_v enrich_v 147._o she_o may_v claim_v the_o estate_n if_o buy_v with_o her_o money_n ibid._n she_o have_v power_n over_o her_o husband_n body_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n page_n 109_o wife_n many_o to_o have_v at_o once_o lawful_a of_o old_a ibid._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forsake_v they_o ibid._n in_o favour_n to_o they_o divorce_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n ibid._n wild_a beast_n how_o possess_v 135._o by_o the_o german_n give_v to_o their_o prince_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n ibid._n in_o private_a wood_n enclose_v be_v possess_v ibid._n whether_o the_o dominion_n be_v lose_v with_o the_o possession_n ibid._n and_o fish_n who_o they_o be_v 81._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 135_o will_n what_o have_v no_o know_a cause_n we_o refer_v to_o god_n will_v page_n 390_o the_o will_n in_o some_o case_n punishable_a 374._o natural_o mutable_a 379_o 380._o of_o the_o dead_a a_o law_n page_n 122_o the_o more_o of_o the_o will_v the_o great_a the_o sin_n ibid._n the_o will_n be_v move_v by_o thing_n real_o or_o imaginable_o good_a page_n 379_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a create_v a_o right_a page_n 122_o the_o will_v express_v by_o some_o outward_a sign_n create_v a_o guilt_n and_o make_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n page_n 383_o the_o will_n to_o show_v she_o own_o freedom_n act_v sometime_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n page_n 419_o 420_o wise_a man_n make_v war_n by_o constraint_n fool_n for_o delight_n page_n 421_o wisdom_n chief_a part_n be_v to_o direct_v ourselves_o in_o doubtful_a case_n the_o next_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o other_o of_o great_a learning_n and_o experience_n page_n 411_o 412_o wolf_n peace_n with_o sheep_n upon_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o dog_n page_n 423_o woman_n captive_n how_v favour_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n 464._o they_o have_v no_o guard_n for_o their_o chastity_n 482._o their_o child_n slave_n bear_v ibid._n woman_n succeed_v in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v patrimonial_a 127._o how_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 504._o their_o empire_n unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n page_n 144_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 504_o word_n signify_v by_o consent_n but_o thing_n and_o act_n not_o so_o 438._o in_o league_n take_v as_o vulgary_o understand_v page_n 190_o 191_o wreck_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n or_o peoples_n unjust_a page_n 121_o write_n be_v but_o last_a monument_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n page_n 199_o in_o a_o write_n if_o two_o clause_n clash_n and_o can_v be_v reconcile_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v incline_v ibid._n if_o its_o part_n can_v be_v reconcile_v the_o latter_a derogate_v from_o the_o former_a page_n 191_o wrong_n on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a page_n 70_o x._o xenophon_n institution_n of_o cyrus_n page_n 4_o xerxes_n his_o contest_v with_o artabazanes_n for_o the_o kingdom_n page_n 132_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o page_n 183_o y._n yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o what_o it_o signify_v page_n 174_o z._n of_o zeal_n the_o judgement_n page_n 369_o in_o zealand_n the_o vassal_n pay_v tribute_n for_o their_o common_a field_n to_o the_o state_n whereunto_o every_o man_n contribute_v his_o proportion_n page_n 138_o zeleucus_n his_o law_n concern_v such_o as_o drink_v wine_n contrary_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o their_o physician_n page_n 4_o zopyrus_n another_o sinon_n betray_v babylon_n to_o darius_n perfidious_o page_v 569_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n
injurer_n although_o those_o injury_n do_v not_o the_o least_o touch_v we_o and_o the_o great_a the_o wrong_a be_v the_o great_a be_v our_o indignation_n against_o he_o that_o do_v it_o no_o man_n be_v equal_o incense_v against_o he_o that_o cut_v a_o purse_n only_o as_o he_o be_v against_o he_o that_o commit_v a_o murder_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n justice_n be_v attribute_v to_o brute_n beast_n it_o be_v improper_o and_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o analogy_n or_o resemblance_n that_o it_o have_v to_o humane_a justice_n 5._o pliny_n l._n 8._o c._n 5._o as_o be_v that_o of_o the_o 30_o elephant_n record_v by_o pliny_n who_o can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v provoke_v to_o be_v instrumental_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o king_n bacchus_n in_o worry_v 30_o other_o elephant_n which_o he_o have_v bind_v to_o so_o many_o tree_n on_o purpose_n to_o have_v they_o destroy_v 10._o lib._n 10._o and_o that_o also_o of_o the_o asp_n record_v by_o the_o same_o pliny_n who_o have_v be_v say_v daily_o at_o a_o man_n table_n kill_v one_o of_o she_o own_o young_a one_o for_o kill_v the_o man_n son_n by_o who_o he_o have_v be_v so_o feed_v and_o will_v never_o afterward_o come_v into_o the_o same_o house_n these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a act_n not_o proper_o but_o only_o as_o they_o have_v some_o faint_a resemblance_n of_o justice_n and_o some_o light_a impression_n of_o reason_n 3._o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 5._o c._n 3._o seneca_n therefore_o deny_v that_o dumb_a beast_n partake_v any_o thing_n of_o humane_a passion_n yet_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o have_v somewhat_o that_o be_v like_a unto_o they_o they_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v angry_a yet_o have_v they_o some_o violent_a impulse_n like_v unto_o anger_n non_fw-la vitia_fw-la sed_fw-la vitiorum_fw-la simulachra_fw-la they_o have_v no_o vice_n but_o somewhat_o like_a unto_o humane_a vice_n as_o origen_n plead_v against_o celsus_n but_o whether_o the_o act_n itself_o whereupon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v decree_v be_v common_a to_o we_o with_o other_o live_a creature_n as_o the_o education_n of_o our_o issue_n etc._n etc._n or_o proper_a unto_o we_o only_o as_o that_o god_n shall_v be_v worship_v do_v nothing_o appertain_v to_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o right_n xii_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n how_o prove_v but_o that_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v usual_o prove_v two_o way_n either_o by_o argument_n draw_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la or_o by_o such_o as_o be_v draw_v à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la whereof_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v more_o convince_a the_o latter_a more_o vulgar_a and_o plausible_a the_o proof_n by_o the_o former_a way_n be_v by_o show_v the_o necessary_a convenience_n or_o repugnancy_n that_o there_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n with_o rational_a and_o social_n nature_n for_o whatsoever_o can_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o conservation_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o humane_a society_n must_v needs_o be_v institute_v as_o a_o law_n by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n who_o be_v the_o god_n of_o order_n that_o proof_n which_o be_v à _fw-la postoriori_fw-la be_v when_o we_o can_v though_o not_o demonstrative_o yet_o with_o very_o great_a probability_n collect_v and_o conclude_v that_o to_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v unanimous_o believe_v to_o be_v so_o by_o all_o or_o at_o least_o by_o the_o most_o civilise_v of_o all_o nation_n for_o if_o the_o effect_n be_v universal_a the_o cause_n must_v needs_o be_v so_o to_o but_o of_o so_o universal_a a_o persuasion_n there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o cause_n probabily_n give_v than_o that_o sense_n itself_o which_o be_v call_v common_a that_o of_o hesiod_n have_v be_v high_o celebrate_v by_o many_o what_o nation_n have_v avow_v ought_v not_o by_o private_a man_n be_v disallow_v quae_fw-la communiter_fw-la ita_fw-la videntur_fw-la fida_fw-la sunt_fw-la that_o which_o to_o most_o man_n seem_v true_a may_v be_v believe_v say_v heraclitus_n for_o we_o can_v have_v no_o strong_a proof_n or_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o can_v be_v demonstrate_v than_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o all_o nation_n that_o it_o be_v so_o this_o aristotle_n take_v to_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o powerful_a and_o convince_a proof_n si_fw-mi in_o id_fw-la quod_fw-la dicimus_fw-la omnes_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la if_o to_o what_o we_o say_v all_o man_n give_v their_o consent_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v cicero_n whatsoever_o all_o nation_n do_v grant_v must_v needs_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o nature_n 11._o 1_o tusc_n ep._n 117._o nic._n l._n 10._o 11._o so_o seneca_n also_o what_o appear_v the_o same_o to_o all_o man_n must_v undoubted_o be_v true_a he_o that_o derogate_v from_o this_o faith_n can_v never_o expect_v to_o be_v believe_v himself_o say_v aristotle_n so_o likewise_o tertullian_n quod_fw-la apud_fw-la multos_fw-la unum_fw-la invenitur_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la erratum_fw-la sed_fw-la traditum_fw-la what_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o most_o be_v not_o error_n but_o tradition_n i_o say_v before_o that_o that_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o nature_n that_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v so_o by_o all_o or_o at_o least_o by_o the_o most_o civilise_v nation_n and_o deserve_o for_o some_o people_n be_v so_o fierce_a and_o savage_a that_o they_o have_v hardly_o any_o humanity_n among_o they_o as_o prophyrie_n right_o observe_v now_o no_o man_n of_o sound_a judgement_n sure_o will_v impute_v this_o as_o a_o general_a reproach_n to_o all_o mankind_n sure_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a and_o the_o same_o with_o all_o mankind_n that_o be_v of_o sound_n and_o perfect_a mind_n rhod._n andr._n rhod._n but_o if_o it_o appear_v otherwise_o to_o such_o be_v of_o distemper_a and_o perverse_a spirit_n or_o have_v be_v so_o corrupt_v through_o a_o evil_a education_n that_o they_o have_v lose_v even_o common_a sense_n and_o all_o natural_a notion_n it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o weaken_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o law_n no_o more_o than_o it_o will_v evince_v that_o honey_n be_v not_o sweet_a because_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v so_o to_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a or_o of_o distemper_a palate_n not_o much_o discrepant_a from_o this_o be_v that_o of_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o pompey_n there_o neither_o be_v nor_o ever_o be_v any_o man_n by_o nature_n wild_a and_o unsociable_a many_o have_v indeed_o be_v make_v so_o by_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o live_v like_o beast_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n law_n and_o yet_o even_o these_o by_o change_v their_o manner_n of_o life_n or_o the_o place_n of_o their_o abode_n be_v easy_o reduce_v to_o become_v gentle_a and_o sociable_a and_o therefore_o aristotle_n in_o the_o description_n that_o he_o give_v of_o man_n make_v this_o as_o it_o be_v his_o proper_a passion_n that_o he_o be_v by_o nature_n a_o creature_n mild_a and_o tractable_a 3._o top._n l._n 5._o c._n 3._o especial_o if_o we_o judge_v of_o he_o according_a to_o that_o general_a rule_n that_o the_o same_o aristotle_n lay_v down_o quid_fw-la naturale_fw-la sit_fw-la spectandum_fw-la in_o his_o quae_fw-la bene_fw-la secundum_fw-la naturam_fw-la se_fw-la habent_fw-la non_fw-la in_o depravatis_fw-la 5._o pol._n l._n 1._o 5._o what_o be_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v best_a know_v by_o those_o that_o be_v perfect_a in_o their_o own_o kind_n and_o not_o by_o those_o that_o be_v deprave_v and_o corrupt_v for_o if_o we_o steer_v our_o judgement_n by_o this_o rule_n we_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v man_n to_o be_v in_o his_o own_o nature_n the_o most_o meek_a gentle_a and_o peaceable_a creature_n of_o all_o other_o as_o have_v nothing_o by_o nature_n give_v he_o whereby_o either_o to_o offend_v other_o or_o to_o defend_v himself_o beside_o as_o nature_n have_v make_v he_o the_o gentle_a of_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n so_o as_o philo_n observe_v have_v she_o make_v he_o sociable_a nay_o greedy_a of_o society_n and_o have_v also_o fit_v he_o thereunto_o by_o give_v he_o that_o excellent_a ornament_n of_o speech_n wherewith_o his_o passion_n though_o never_o so_o fierce_a and_o rage_a be_v sudden_o as_o if_o by_o some_o spell_n or_o incantation_n becalm_v xiii_o voluntary_a law_n another_o species_n of_o jus_o as_o take_v for_o a_o law_n there_o be_v which_o we_o call_v voluntary_a because_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n which_o be_v either_o divine_a or_o humane_a fourteen_o humane_a law_n divide_v we_o shall_v begin_v with_o that_o which_o be_v humane_a because_o it_o be_v more_o general_o know_v and_o this_o be_v either_o civil_a or_o that_o which_o be_v more_o extend_v or_o that_o which_o be_v more_o contract_v than_o civil_a the_o civil_a law_n be_v that_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o civil_a power_n the_o civil_a power_n
swear_v that_o create_v this_o obligation_n it_o be_v a_o error_n in_o cicero_n to_o hold_v it_o no_o perjury_n si_fw-mi praedonibus_fw-la pactum_fw-la pro_fw-la capite_fw-la pretium_fw-la non_fw-la attuleris_fw-la nulla_fw-la fraus_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la si_fw-la juratus_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la feceris_fw-la de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 3._o though_o a_o man_n do_v not_o pay_v the_o money_n which_o he_o promise_v by_o oath_n to_o robber_n for_o save_v his_o life_n because_o a_o pirate_n be_v not_o a_o particular_a enemy_n to_o this_o or_o that_o nation_n but_o a_o common_a enemy_n to_o all_o mankind_n cum_fw-la quo_fw-la nec_fw-la fides_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la nec_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la commune_v with_o who_o say_v he_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o keep_v either_o faith_n or_o common_a oath_n the_o very_a same_o he_o elsewhere_o say_v of_o tyrant_n namely_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o oblige_v by_o any_o oath_n or_o promise_n they_o make_v to_o or_o with_o they_o for_o though_o the_o difference_n be_v vast_a between_o a_o enemy_n and_o a_o pirate_n yet_o will_v not_o that_o difference_n much_o alter_v the_o case_n where_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o god_n and_o not_o with_o man_n and_o though_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o person_n be_v such_o as_o that_o he_o can_v claim_v a_o right_n in_o what_o be_v so_o promise_v yet_o to_o perform_v it_o be_v swear_v be_v a_o duty_n that_o we_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o therefore_o be_v a_o oath_n term_v a_o vow_n vow_n it_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o vow_n because_o be_v make_v to_o god_n we_o stand_v oblige_v before_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o neither_o can_v we_o grant_v what_o cicero_n assert_n that_o there_o be_v no_o society_n of_o right_n with_o a_o pirate_n or_o robber_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whatsoever_o be_v deposit_v with_o we_o by_o a_o pirate_n aught_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o triphonius_n right_o state_v this_o question_n wherefore_o neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o lay_v down_o the_o ransom_n which_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o pay_v so_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o take_v it_o away_o again_o because_o when_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o god_n we_o ought_v to_o deal_v simple_o and_o sincere_o so_o that_o it_o may_v have_v some_o effect_n and_o better_o it_o be_v to_o bear_v a_o temporal_a loss_n lysand_n vita_fw-la lysand_n than_o to_o provoke_v god_n by_o the_o breach_n of_o our_o vow_n for_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v qui_fw-la juramento_fw-la hostem_fw-la circumvenit_fw-la be_v ostendit_fw-la hostem_fw-la a_o se_fw-la metui_fw-la deum_fw-la contemni_fw-la he_o that_o circumvent_v a_o enemy_n by_o a_o false_a oath_n plain_o discover_v that_o he_o fear_v his_o enemy_n but_o despise_v god_n yet_o that_o what_o be_v so_o pay_v may_v by_o a_o due_a course_n of_o law_n be_v recover_v notwithstanding_o our_o oath_n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aquinas_n 7._o 2da_fw-la 2dae_fw-la q._n 89._o art_n 7._o and_o therefore_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v leave_n to_o depart_v upon_o his_o oath_n give_v to_o return_v though_o he_o come_v private_o back_o and_o then_o depart_v do_v not_o thereby_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n satisfy_v his_o oath_n yet_o if_o a_o man_n do_v haply_o break_v his_o faith_n with_o a_o pirate_n or_o a_o robber_n whether_o swear_v or_o unsworn_a he_o shall_v thereby_o incur_v no_o penalty_n among_o other_o nation_n for_o general_o all_o nation_n in_o detestation_n of_o these_o man_n who_o they_o account_v as_o common_a enemy_n to_o humane_a society_n be_v please_v to_o connive_v at_o whatsoever_o be_v though_o unjust_o do_v against_o they_o for_o they_o that_o break_v the_o communion_n and_o league_n that_o there_o be_v between_o all_o mankind_n be_v common_a enemy_n and_o can_v have_v no_o right_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n xvi_o whether_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o faithless_a but_o it_o be_v far_o question_v whether_o we_o ought_v to_o keep_v faith_n with_o they_o who_o keep_v not_o they_o with_o we_o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o of_o accius_n may_v be_v in_o this_o sense_n approve_v of_o namely_o t._n thy_o faith_n thou_o break_a haste_n a._n which_o i_o never_o give_v nor_o to_o the_o faithless_a give_v if_o our_o promise_n make_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n be_v manifest_o ground_v on_o some_o other_o promise_n which_o be_v as_o a_o condition_n whereunto_o we_o relate_v than_o that_o condition_n be_v not_o perform_v make_v void_a our_o promise_n though_o confirm_v by_o oath_n but_o if_o the_o two_o promise_n be_v of_o several_a kind_n and_o do_v not_o mutual_o respect_v each_o other_o than_o each_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v by_o he_o that_o swear_v it_o without_o any_o respect_n have_v to_o what_o the_o other_o do_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o silius_n so_o high_o extol_v the_o fact_n of_o regulus_n in_o that_o he_o keep_v his_o faith_n with_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o have_v be_v so_o often_o know_v to_o break_v they_o with_o the_o roman_n a_o manifest_a inequality_n in_o contract_n do_v natural_o afford_v cause_n sufficient_a either_o to_o reform_v or_o rescind_v they_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o although_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v change_v somewhat_o herein_o yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v in_o force_n where_o both_o party_n be_v of_o the_o same_o people_n recourse_n be_v often_o have_v to_o that_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v allow_v as_o we_o have_v also_o elsewhere_o show_v but_o yet_o if_o the_o contract_n be_v bind_v up_o by_o a_o oath_n notwithstanding_o this_o inequality_n our_o faith_n give_v unto_o god_n must_v be_v observe_v the_o psalmist_n give_v this_o character_n of_o a_o good_a man_n psal_n 15._o that_o if_o he_o swear_v to_o his_o neighbour_n he_o disappoint_v he_o not_o though_o it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n xvii_o how_o far_o the_o heir_n of_o that_o promise_n stand_v oblige_v and_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o where_o no_o right_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o person_n with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o such_o defect_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a but_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o oath_n that_o we_o have_v make_v to_o god_n there_o the_o hire_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o oath_n be_v not_o bind_v for_o although_o transeunt_fw-la bona_fw-la cum_fw-la onere_fw-la the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a do_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n with_o the_o debt_n which_o he_o owe_v i_o mean_v those_o good_n which_o be_v use_v in_o commerce_n with_o man_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o debt_n of_o mere_a piety_n gratitude_n or_o fidelity_n oblige_v his_o child_n for_o these_o do_v not_o appertain_v unto_o that_o right_n which_o among_o man_n be_v strict_o so_o call_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v xviii_o two_o case_n wherein_o the_o obligation_n cease_v moreover_o where_o the_o promise_n confer_v no_o right_a to_o the_o person_n yet_o if_o be_v swear_v it_o seem_v to_o respect_v another_o profit_n if_o that_o man_n will_v not_o accept_v thereof_o or_o if_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o release_v the_o promiser_n the_o oath_n shall_v not_o bind_v he_o so_o also_o if_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n cease_v in_o reference_n whereunto_o a_o man_n swear_v than_o the_o oath_n make_v to_o that_o person_n in_o relation_n to_o that_o quality_n be_v of_o no_o force_n as_o if_o a_o magistrate_n shall_v recede_v from_o his_o dignity_n and_o become_v a_o private_a man_n the_o obligation_n make_v by_o oath_n to_o he_o cease_v as_o curio_n right_o inform_v domitius_n his_o soldier_n who_o scruple_v at_o the_o oath_n they_o have_v former_o take_v how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o you_o say_v he_o shall_v be_v bind_v by_o oath_n unto_o he_o who_o have_v throw_v away_o the_o ensign_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o renounce_v his_o kingdom_n be_v now_o become_v a_o private_a man_n and_o a_o prisoner_n to_o a_o strange_a prince_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o add_v that_o the_o oath_n have_v lose_v its_o oblige_a power_n by_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o prince_n freedom_n xix_o when_o that_o which_o be_v do_v against_o a_o oath_n be_v void_a another_o question_n be_v sometime_o make_v whether_o a_o act_n do_v contrary_a to_o a_o oath_n be_v unlawful_a only_o or_o void_a where_o we_o must_v distinguish_v for_o if_o our_o faith_n only_o be_v engage_v the_o act_n that_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o our_o oath_n shall_v stand_v good_a as_o in_o testament_n and_o bargain_n and_o sales_n but_o in_o case_n the_o oath_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o it_o comprehend_v a_o utter_a abdication_n of_o any_o power_n to_o do_v that_o act_n then_o shall_v the_o oath_n prevail_v and_o the_o subsequent_a act_n be_v make_v