subject_n to_o philip._n the_o merchant_n and_o seaman_n that_o be_v employ_v in_o that_o trade_n after_o it_o thus_o expire_v take_v a_o resolution_n to_o look_v out_o for_o those_o good_n in_o asia_n africa_n and_o america_n which_o they_o use_v to_o have_v from_o sevill_n and_o lisbon_n and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o that_o republic_n and_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n philip_n the_o three_o have_v succeed_v his_o father_n philip_z the_o second_o in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n 1598._o see_v plain_o that_o all_o endeavour_n that_o be_v use_v to_o bring_v the_o dutch_a to_o a_o peace_n prove_v ineffectual_a resolve_v to_o forbid_v they_o all_o manner_n of_o trade_n whatsoever_o with_o his_o subject_n hope_v that_o by_o take_v away_o that_o which_o support_v they_o to_o that_o time_n in_o their_o war_n they_o will_v have_v no_o mind_n to_o continue_v it_o when_o they_o shall_v see_v themselves_o deprive_v of_o such_o support_n it_o be_v visible_a that_o all_o the_o riches_n of_o holland_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o navigation_n and_o trade_n and_o that_o their_o great_a traffic_n be_v with_o spain_n whither_o they_o not_o only_o carry_v the_o merchandise_n of_o their_o own_o state_n but_o corn_n from_o poland_n and_o other_o northern_a country_n that_o they_o may_v in_o exchange_n carry_v home_o vast_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n philip_n the_o three_o execute_v his_o edict_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o severity_n a_o very_a exact_a search_n be_v make_v all_o over_o spain_n for_o dutch_a merchant_n and_o sailor_n some_o of_o which_o be_v condemn_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n and_o the_o galley_n other_o be_v cruel_o put_v to_o death_n by_o several_a kind_n of_o torture_n this_o interdiction_n of_o commerce_n be_v likewise_o pulish_v in_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o princess_n isabel_n who_o be_v at_o that_o time_n their_o sovereign_n the_o state_n general_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v not_o content_v with_o bare_o prohibit_v all_o commerce_n with_o spain_n they_o likewise_o forbid_v all_o other_o nation_n bring_v into_o their_o country_n any_o provision_n or_o other_o commodity_n whatsoever_o from_o spain_n declare_v that_o all_o that_o do_v so_o shall_v be_v esteem_v spanish_a partisan_n and_o be_v treat_v as_o enemy_n a_o copy_n of_o this_o declaration_n of_o the_o states-general_n be_v send_v to_o all_o prince_n that_o they_o may_v not_o pretend_v ignorance_n france_n come_v into_o the_o dutch_a scheme_n and_o declare_v that_o if_o after_o 6_o month_n any_o of_o her_o subject_n shall_v trade_v with_o spain_n they_o will_v in_o so_o do_v expose_v themselves_o to_o such_o inconvenience_n as_o the_o crown_n will_v not_o concern_v itself_o to_o remedy_n and_o the_o other_o power_n likewise_o acquiesce_v to_o this_o bold_a declaration_n notwithstanding_o these_o severe_a prohibition_n of_o the_o spaniard_n the_o dutch_a as_o before_o trade_v to_o all_o the_o spanish_a country_n by_o mean_n of_o passport_n the_o spaniard_n themselves_o give_v they_o for_o money_n which_o they_o often_o want_v to_o carry_v on_o their_o affair_n in_o short_a the_o truce_n of_o twelve_o year_n be_v conclude_v between_o spain_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1609_o and_o by_o it_o the_o freedom_n of_o trade_n be_v reestablished_a between_o the_o two_o nation_n and_o among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o trader_n of_o each_o nation_n shall_v pay_v no_o great_a duty_n than_o the_o inhabitant_n or_o ally_n of_o such_o nation_n who_o pay_v the_o low_a custom_n and_o that_o the_o dutch_a may_v be_v secure_v from_o apprehend_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o inquisition_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o same_o liberty_n as_o be_v stipulate_v to_o the_o english_a some_o time_n before_o in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o velasco_n which_o the_o constable_n of_o castille_n have_v make_v with_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o england_n the_o war_n that_o be_v revive_v in_o the_o year_n 1621._o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o that_o truce_n interrupt_v the_o trade_n of_o both_o nation_n till_o the_o year_n 1648_o when_o they_o conclude_v a_o perpetual_a peace_n at_o munster_n and_o from_o that_o time_n the_o trade_n the_o dutch_a drove_n with_o spain_n become_v much_o more_o considerable_a than_o ever_o by_o reason_n of_o those_o privilege_n that_o crown_v yield_v to_o they_o in_o that_o treaty_n those_o great_a advantage_n they_o offer_v the_o unite_a province_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a mean_n they_o make_v use_v of_o to_o draw_v the_o state_n from_o the_o french_a interest_n and_o to_o make_v a_o separate_a peace_n with_o they_o and_o which_o in_o effect_n be_v the_o save_n of_o that_o monarchy_n the_o dutch_a trade_n with_o spain_n continue_v from_o that_o time_n till_o now_o that_o be_v till_o the_o break_n out_o of_o this_o present_a war_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1702_o on_o account_n of_o the_o partition_n treaty_n which_o be_v design_v to_o exclude_v philip_n v._o the_o present_a king_n from_o succeed_a charles_n ii_o who_o lawful_a heir_n and_o successor_n he_o be_v it_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o observe_v how_o reason_n of_o state_n have_v unite_v these_o two_o nation_n the_o most_o averse_a to_o each_o other_o in_o the_o world_n and_o who_o hatred_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o spaniard_n seem_v irreconciliable_a the_o spaniard_n favour_v the_o dutch_a in_o their_o trade_n as_o much_o as_o they_o possible_o can_v particular_o since_o the_o year_n 1667_o in_o hope_n to_o have_v ruin_v that_o of_o the_o french_a and_o they_o be_v not_o unsuccessful_a in_o that_o respect_n but_o the_o dutch_a trade_n never_o flourish_v so_o much_o in_o spain_n as_o since_o the_o war_n between_o france_n and_o holland_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1672_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o present_a war_n for_o they_o not_o only_o furnish_v the_o spaniard_n with_o such_o good_n as_o they_o use_v to_o have_v from_o france_n but_o furnish_v themselves_o likewise_o from_o spain_n with_o what_o france_n use_v to_o supply_v they_o with_o before_o the_o several_a war_n of_o 1672_o and_o 1690._o the_o dutch_a trade_v very_o much_o to_o all_o those_o place_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o spain_n as_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n etc._n etc._n before_o this_o present_a war_n and_o which_o she_o have_v now_o lose_v as_o well_o as_o those_o which_o the_o french_a lose_v some_o time_n after_o that_o be_v to_o say_v during_o the_o three_o last_v campaign_n but_o their_o chief_a trade_n of_o all_o be_v that_o of_o cadiz_n and_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a be_v in_o that_o famous_a port_n of_o spain_n where_o the_o galleon_n be_v equipt_v out_o for_o peru_n and_o the_o flotilla_n for_o mexico_n and_o new_a spain_n and_o which_o return_n thither_o with_o their_o rich_a lade_n from_o those_o empire_n and_o bring_v almost_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n we_o see_v in_o europe_n however_o though_o the_o spaniard_n be_v the_o master_n of_o those_o country_n where_o gold_n and_o silver_n grow_v in_o such_o abundance_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o they_o have_v less_o of_o either_o than_o those_o nation_n that_o trade_n with_o they_o which_o show_v that_o mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n contribute_v much_o less_o to_o the_o enrich_n of_o a_o country_n than_o trade_n and_o commerce_n what_o follow_v be_v a_o true_a account_n of_o the_o good_n and_o merchandise_n the_o dutch_a use_v to_o carry_v into_o spain_n and_o bring_v thence_o before_o the_o last_o rupture_n that_o which_o they_o import_v consist_v chief_o of_o linen_n of_o all_o sort_n woollen_a stuff_n a_o great_a number_n of_o silk_n gold_n and_o silver_n stuff_v drug_n spice_n small_a iron_n wares_n mast_n and_o timber_n the_o linen_n bring_v into_o spain_n by_o foreigner_n ever_o be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o most_o considerable_a article_n of_o that_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a consumption_n both_o in_o spain_n and_o america_n the_o french_a furnish_v the_o spaniard_n a_o long_a time_n with_o this_o commodity_n i_o believe_v i_o shall_v not_o exceed_v the_o truth_n by_o affirm_v that_o this_o only_a article_n of_o the_o french_a commerce_n amount_v every_o year_n to_o about_o eight_o million_o of_o livre_n the_o linen_n that_o the_o dutch_a bring_v into_o spain_n be_v general_o of_o the_o fine_a sort_n that_o be_v make_v in_o overissel_n and_o about_o dovay_n and_o valenciennes_n they_o sell_v they_o in_o spain_n by_o the_o name_n of_o lawn_n and_o cambric_n they_o vend_v likewise_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o linen_n call_v perseilles_n and_o brabant_n it_o be_v very_o broad_a and_o coarse_a and_o serve_v the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n to_o wrap_v up_o good_n in_o beside_o this_o they_o sell_v a_o world_n of_o fine_a and_o coarse_a
memoirs_fw-fr of_o the_o dutch_a trade_n in_o all_o the_o state_n kingdom_n and_o empire_n in_o the_o world_n show_v its_o first_o rise_n and_o prodigious_a progress_n after_o what_o manner_n the_o dutch_a manage_n and_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n their_o dominion_n and_o government_n in_o the_o indies_n by_o what_o mean_v they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o trade_n of_o europe_n what_o good_n and_o merchandise_n be_v proper_a for_o maritime_a traffic_n whence_o they_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o what_o gain_n and_o profit_n they_o produce_v a_o work_n very_o necessary_a for_o all_o merchant_n and_o other_o concern_v in_o trade_n do_v from_o the_o french_a now_o print_v at_o amsterdam_n london_n print_v for_o j._n sackfield_n in_o lincolns-inn-square_a g._n davis_n under_o sergeants-inn_n in_o chancery-lane_n and_o sell_v by_o t._n warner_n in_o pater-noster-rore_a the_o author_n preface_n some_o person_n of_o honour_n and_o distinction_n who_o i_o ought_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o disoblige_v have_v engage_v i_o to_o write_v something_o upon_o trade_n which_o may_v give_v they_o a_o general_a idea_n of_o it_o as_o it_o regard_v politic_n i_o believe_v nothing_o will_v better_v answer_n that_o end_v than_o to_o give_v they_o a_o true_a notion_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o dutch_a which_o have_v diffuse_v itself_o over_o all_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n and_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v on_o account_n of_o trade_n that_o their_o republic_n have_v such_o a_o considerable_a rank_n among_o the_o state_n of_o europe_n this_o be_v what_o move_v i_o to_o undertake_v this_o small_a treatise_n and_o indeed_o i_o write_v the_o more_o willing_o on_o this_o subject_a of_o commerce_n because_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o my_o judgement_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o little_o understand_v in_o france_n especial_o by_o person_n in_o public_a employment_n and_o high_a post_n either_o in_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n the_o cabinet_n or_o the_o treasury_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a commerce_n be_v of_o so_o great_a importance_n that_o i_o make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o aver_v that_o according_a to_o the_o present_a conduct_n of_o the_o several_a state_n of_o europe_n there_o be_v very_o few_o thing_n in_o government_n which_o deserve_v more_o our_o attention_n than_o this_o article_n of_o commerce_n to_o be_v convince_v of_o this_o truth_n we_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o do_v but_o consider_v the_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o those_o country_n where_o trade_n flourish_v and_o those_o country_n who_o have_v none_o if_o we_o will_v only_o remember_v that_o england_n and_o holland_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o situation_n make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o europe_n regulate_v their_o principal_a interest_n always_o with_o a_o eye_n to_o their_o commerce_n and_o this_o be_v the_o principal_a motive_n which_o cause_v the_o last_o war_n that_o be_v the_o security_n of_o their_o trade_n we_o shall_v be_v entire_o satisfy_v that_o commerce_n ought_v to_o have_v no_o mean_a place_n in_o modern_a politic_n beside_o these_o consideration_n which_o be_v particular_a one_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o present_a state_n of_o europe_n there_o be_v yet_o other_o more_o general_a which_o ought_v no_o less_o to_o excite_v all_o prince_n and_o their_o minister_n and_o all_o those_o who_o have_v any_o share_n in_o government_n to_o know_v thorough_o the_o nature_n of_o commerce_n and_o the_o maxim_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o its_o be_v well_o carry_v on_o and_o manage_v since_o as_o bocalin_n very_o well_o observe_v agriculture_n and_o commerce_n be_v the_o breast_n which_o suckle_v and_o nourish_v the_o state_n truth_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v engrave_v in_o letter_n of_o gold_n in_o all_o the_o apartment_n of_o king_n prince_n and_o statesman_n to_o induce_v they_o to_o consider_v tradesman_n and_o merchant_n according_a to_o their_o merit_n to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o great_a state_n can_v flourish_v or_o indeed_o be_v at_o peace_n if_o it_o have_v not_o a_o great_a trade_n for_o be_v only_o by_o mean_n of_o trade_n it_o can_v draw_v to_o its_o self_n riches_n and_o plenty_n without_o which_o it_o can_v undertake_v nothing_o advantageous_a either_o to_o aid_v and_o assist_v its_o ally_n or_o extend_v its_o limit_n the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n be_v so_o well_o convince_v of_o this_o truth_n that_o though_o war_n be_v his_o predominant_a passion_n yet_o he_o very_o serious_o apply_v himself_o to_o make_v trade_n flourish_v in_o his_o dominion_n and_o be_v use_v to_o say_v that_o to_o put_v his_o soldier_n valour_n to_o the_o proof_n he_o be_v often_o oblige_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o his_o merchant_n my_o lord_n bacon_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a politician_n of_o his_o time_n look_v upon_o merchant_n to_o be_v so_o necessary_a that_o he_o compare_v they_o in_o the_o state_n to_o the_o blood_n in_o a_o man_n body_n which_o if_o it_o do_v not_o flourish_v say_v he_o a_o man_n may_v possible_o have_v some_o of_o his_o limb_n very_o strong_a but_o he_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o have_v empty_a vein_n and_o a_o lean_a habit_n of_o body_n qui_fw-la nisi_fw-la flouruerit_fw-la potest_fw-la quidem_fw-la aliquos-artus_n habere_fw-la robustos_fw-la sed_fw-la venas_fw-la vacuas_fw-la habitum_fw-la corporis_fw-la macrum_fw-la it_o may_v be_v prove_v from_o example_n almost_o as_o old_a as_o the_o world_n that_o state_n flourish_v in_o proportion_n to_o commerce_n as_o we_o may_v gather_v from_o what_o the_o holy_a scripture_n teach_v we_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o tyrian_n and_o sidonian_n but_o we_o need_v not_o run_v so_o far_o back_o into_o antiquity_n for_o example_n we_o need_v only_o consider_v the_o surprise_v change_n which_o trade_n have_v cause_v in_o our_o day_n if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v among_o our_o neighbour_n the_o power_n of_o england_n be_v once_o so_o inconsiderable_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n according_a to_o cambden_n observation_n that_o her_o predecessor_n nay_o even_o her_o own_o father_n when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o put_v a_o fleet_n to_o sea_n be_v oblige_v to_o hire_v ship_n from_o hamburgh_n lubeck_n dantzick_n genoa_n and_o venice_n but_o after_o the_o english_a by_o the_o care_n of_o that_o able_a princess_n apply_v themselves_o to_o traffic_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a protection_n she_o give_v to_o merchant_n it_o flourish_v in_o muscovy_n in_o all_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n the_o east_n or_o rather_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o in_o almost_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o queen_n soon_o become_v capable_a of_o maintain_v herself_o a_o great_a naval_a force_n which_o at_o last_o become_v the_o terror_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o narrow_a sea_n which_o make_v that_o nation_n go_v and_o attack_v more_o than_o once_o the_o power_n of_o philip_n the_o second_o not_o only_o in_o the_o new_a world_n but_o even_o on_o the_o very_a coast_n of_o spain_n in_o short_a that_o powerful_a queen_n follow_v so_o well_o those_o maxim_n of_o secure_v and_o increase_n the_o commerce_n of_o all_o her_o subject_n and_o their_o traffic_n on_o the_o foot_n of_o her_o naval_a force_n that_o she_o lay_v those_o solid_a foundation_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o commerce_n and_o maritime_a power_n of_o england_n two_o thing_n to_o which_o that_o nation_n owe_v to_o this_o day_n all_o its_o strength_n and_o grandeur_n but_o nothing_o can_v come_v up_o to_o what_o the_o dutch_a have_v do_v by_o commerce_n and_o it_o will_v ever_o be_v a_o subject_a of_o astonishment_n and_o wonder_n that_o a_o handful_n of_o merchant_n that_o flee_v into_o a_o little_a country_n which_o produce_v scarce_o enough_o to_o subsist_v its_o new_a inhabitant_n shall_v beat_v down_o the_o exorbitant_a power_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n and_o make_v that_o king_n sue_v for_o peace_n that_o they_o shall_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o so_o mighty_a a_o republic_n which_o we_o see_v at_o present_a in_o some_o manner_n to_o hold_v the_o balance_n between_o all_o the_o other_o power_n of_o europe_n but_o what_o be_v most_o wonderful_a and_o what_o ought_v most_v to_o surprise_v we_o be_v that_o the_o war_n never_o interrupt_v their_o trade_n and_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o very_a heat_n of_o war_n that_o they_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o of_o the_o east-indies_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v trade_v with_o their_o enemy_n the_o spaniard_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o precaution_n they_o take_v to_o the_o contrary_a which_o very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o support_n of_o the_o war._n the_o state_n general_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n see_v the_o industry_n of_o these_o merchant_n be_v of_o so_o great_a service_n to_o the_o republic_n protect_v and_o favour_v they_o in_o every_o
they_o go_v to_o visit_v the_o coast_n of_o america_n and_o africa_n and_o their_o adjacent_a island_n at_o last_o through_o almost_o infinite_a danger_n they_o penetrate_v into_o the_o east_n indies_n by_o mean_n of_o these_o several_a voyage_n they_o get_v at_o first_o hand_n the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o rich_a commodity_n which_o they_o before_o use_v to_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o at_o second_o hand_n at_o lisbon_n and_o sevill_n and_o their_o famous_a east_n india_n company_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1602_o behave_v themselves_o so_o dexterous_o that_o they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o best_a place_n the_o portugueze_n be_v master_n of_o in_o the_o indies_n and_o of_o almost_o all_o their_o commerce_n too_o in_o those_o part_n the_o truce_n of_o twelve_o year_n be_v conclude_v in_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o year_n 1609_o between_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n the_o state_n general_n omit_v nothing_o all_o that_o time_n to_o increase_v their_o trade_n where_o it_o be_v already_o establish_v or_o to_o establish_v it_o where_o they_o never_o have_v establish_v it_o before_o in_o the_o year_n 1612_o the_o grand_a signior_n allow_v the_o dutch_a a_o free_a trade_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n this_o treaty_n of_o alliance_n with_o the_o turk_n give_v a_o free_a and_o favourable_a access_n to_o their_o ship_n all_o over_o the_o mediterranean_a about_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o morocco_n and_o the_o emperor_n of_o japan_n permit_v they_o also_o to_o trade_n in_o all_o their_o dominion_n since_o which_o this_o republic_n may_v boast_v of_o have_v extend_v her_o commerce_n over_o all_o part_n of_o the_o old_a world_n except_o china_n the_o war_n break_v out_o again_o in_o the_o year_n 1621._o between_o spain_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n their_o east_n india_n company_n push_v on_o their_o conquest_n and_o commerce_n in_o the_o east_n with_o surprise_v success_n at_o the_o expense_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n their_o west_n india_n company_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1623._o notwithstanding_o the_o war_n beside_o those_o immense_a sum_n they_o gain_v by_o take_v of_o the_o spanish_a plate_n fleet_n and_o those_o considerable_a advantage_n they_o make_v by_o ruine_v their_o man_n of_o war_n possess_v themselves_o of_o part_n of_o brazil_n and_o the_o most_o important_a place_n the_o portugueze_v hold_v in_o guinea_n and_o the_o other_o country_n of_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o africa_n and_o can_v they_o but_o have_v keep_v the_o conquest_n they_o make_v in_o brazil_n be_v high_o probable_a they_o will_v have_v be_v entire_a master_n of_o it_o and_o in_o a_o few_o year_n will_v have_v get_v into_o their_o own_o hand_n all_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o portugueze_n in_o that_o place_n the_o unite_a province_n have_v obtain_v of_o the_o spaniard_n very_o great_a advantage_n for_o their_o commerce_n at_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o they_o push_v it_o on_o with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n during_o that_o calm_a their_o republic_n then_o enjoy_v and_o get_v together_o by_o that_o mean_n immense_a riches_n which_o put_v they_o into_o a_o condition_n to_o support_v the_o war_n which_o they_o have_v with_o england_n and_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1672._o in_o a_o word_n this_o famous_a republic_n have_v notwithstanding_o the_o war_n extend_v her_o trade_n over_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n where_o she_o have_v and_o still_o do_v maintain_v it_o with_o such_o prudent_a conduct_n and_o considerable_a authority_n that_o she_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o model_n for_o all_o other_o trade_v nation_n before_o we_o enter_v into_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o will_v be_v very_o necessary_a to_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o their_o fishery_n manufacture_n and_o navigation_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o fishery_n manufacture_n and_o navigation_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n it_o be_v certain_a as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v some_o manufacture_n establish_v in_o holland_n long_o before_o their_o fishery_n traffic_n and_o navigation_n but_o then_o this_o be_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o matter_n that_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o the_o fishery_n give_v birth_n to_o their_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o monsieu_n de_fw-fr wit_n and_o the_o most_o understand_a person_n in_o holland_n the_o subject_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n fish_n on_o their_o own_o sea_n coast_n lake_n and_o river_n and_o take_v vast_a quantity_n of_o cod_n haddock_n salmon_n sole_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n and_o how_o considerable_a that_o fishery_n may_v be_v and_o how_o great_a the_o quantity_n be_v which_o they_o carry_v to_o foreign_a country_n yet_o it_o may_v true_o be_v affirm_v that_o it_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n in_o comparison_n of_o their_o herring_n fishery_n which_o in_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n employ_v above_o twenty_o thousand_o men._n this_o fish_n which_o continue_v from_o midsummer_n day_n to_o the_o 14_o of_o september_n and_o from_o thence_o it_o hold_v to_o the_o 25_o of_o november_n be_v chief_o on_o the_o northern_a coast_n of_o england_n off_o of_o yarmouth_n wintertownness_n and_o the_o river_n humber_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o this_o republic_n the_o state_n general_n have_v always_o use_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o secure_v their_o countryman_n the_o herring_n fishery_n their_o regulation_n for_o that_o purpose_n be_v wonderful_a and_o the_o order_n almost_o innumerable_a they_o take_v great_a care_n to_o throw_v all_o away_o that_o be_v not_o extreme_o good_a and_o to_o salt_n the_o other_o in_o time_n that_o the_o salt_n be_v good_a and_o the_o quantity_n sufficient_a that_o the_o parcel_n be_v sweet_a and_o clean_o and_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o defect_n that_o may_v spoil_v the_o fish_n in_o short_a it_o must_v be_v own_v that_o the_o dutch_a omit_v nothing_o that_o may_v keep_v up_o the_o value_n and_o reputation_n this_o commodity_n have_v acquire_v by_o pass_v through_o their_o hand_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v think_v strange_a that_o the_o state_n general_n be_v so_o very_o careful_a of_o their_o herring_n fish_v and_o of_o their_o good_a way_n of_o cure_v they_o since_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a importance_n as_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o all_o their_o proclamation_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o commerce_n and_o the_o fishery_n the_o herring_n fishery_n be_v the_o great_a trade_n and_o the_o best_a gold_n my_o belong_v to_o the_o unite_a province_n this_o enrich_v so_o many_o family_n and_o employ_v so_o many_o people_n this_o make_v they_o build_v so_o many_o ship_n in_o holland_n which_o they_o send_v to_o all_o part_n lade_v with_o this_o commodity_n they_o sell_v vast_a quantity_n to_o the_o neighbour_a country_n and_o be_v very_o often_o pay_v in_o ready_a money_n be_v this_o which_o increase_v their_o commerce_n their_o privilege_n and_o even_o their_o revenue_n mounseur_fw-fr matteren_n assure_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1601_o in_o three_o day_n time_n there_o sail_v out_o from_o holland_n 1500_o buss_n to_o fish_n for_o herring_n a_o buss_n be_v a_o vessel_n build_v on_o purpose_n for_o this_o sort_n of_o fish_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v from_o 50_o to_o 60_o tun_n sir_n walter_n raleigh_n say_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1609_o the_o dutch_a employ_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n in_o this_o fishery_n 3000_o ship_n and_o 15000_o man_n and_o a_o dutch_a author_n who_o be_v employ_v by_o messieurs_fw-fr de_fw-fr wit_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o little_a while_n before_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n alone_o send_v out_o every_o year_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n above_o 1000_o buss_n and_o 150_o lesser_a vessel_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o dutch_a fish_n and_o sell_v every_o year_n above_o 300000_o tun_n of_o fish_n which_o at_o 200_o florin_n per_fw-la tun_n bring_v in_o every_o year_n 75_o million_o of_o liver_n of_o which_o 52_o million_o turn_n as_o they_o say_v to_o the_o country_n profit_n and_o the_o 23_o other_o million_o that_o remain_v go_v towards_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o such_o fishery_n so_o that_o if_o one_o consider_v that_o all_o the_o ship_n employ_v in_o fish_v be_v build_v in_o holland_n that_o all_o the_o cordage_n sail_n net_n and_o barrel_n be_v make_v there_o and_o that_o they_o find_v their_o own_o salt_n and_o provision_n for_o the_o subsistance_n of_o this_o great_a number_n of_o fisherman_n one_o may_v easy_o comprehend_v that_o this_o employment_n only_o maintain_v a_o incredible_a number_n of_o man_n and_o family_n not_o include_v all_o those_o who_o be_v employ_v to_o transport_v these_o fish_n to_o almost_o all_o the_o kingdom_n and_o country_n
hamburgh_n against_o the_o attempt_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o those_o of_o bremen_n against_o the_o swede_n till_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n make_v they_o permit_v the_o last_o to_o fall_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o short_a they_o have_v always_o a_o particular_a care_n not_o to_o suffer_v any_o new_a custom_n or_o impost_n to_o be_v lay_v on_o the_o navigation_n of_o these_o five_o river_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o they_o drive_v such_o a_o advantageous_a trade_n and_o render_v themselves_o so_o formidable_a by_o these_o mean_n they_o have_v extend_v their_o territory_n much_o beyond_o their_o usual_a limit_n and_o have_v be_v for_o six_o year_n together_o entire_a master_n of_o the_o electorate_v of_o cologne_n and_o principality_n of_o liege_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o spanish_a netherlands_o this_o country_n heretofore_o the_o seat_n or_o centre_n of_o a_o prodigious_a trade_n have_v now_o very_o little_a by_o the_o great_a application_n and_o address_n of_o the_o dutch_a and_o particular_o the_o people_n of_o amsterdam_n to_o hinder_v even_o its_o recovery_n again_o in_o flanders_n especial_o at_o antwerp_n in_o the_o truce_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1609_o the_o spaniard_n will_v have_v oblige_v they_o to_o take_v off_o the_o impost_n they_o lay_v on_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o scheld_v and_o other_o river_n during_o the_o war_n which_o give_v a_o great_a blow_n to_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o low_a country_n but_o the_o state_n general_n will_v never_o consent_v to_o it_o in_o hope_n entire_o to_o ruin_v the_o commerce_n of_o the_o low_a country_n subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o draw_v it_o to_o themselves_o when_o they_o make_v peace_n with_o spain_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n they_o take_v all_o imaginable_a precaution_n lest_o commerce_n shall_v be_v reestablished_a at_o antwerp_n through_o a_o long_a peace_n not_o doubt_v but_o the_o advantageous_a situation_n of_o that_o city_n for_o trade_n will_v once_o again_o revive_v it_o if_o not_o timely_o obstruct_v they_o stipulate_v then_o that_o they_o shall_v keep_v the_o scheld_v block_v up_o that_o all_o merchandise_n that_o go_v up_o that_o river_n shall_v pay_v certain_a custom_n at_o the_o fort_n of_o ryssel_n and_o that_o ship_n and_o large_a vessel_n shall_v pass_v no_o further_o but_o unlade_v their_o good_n into_o boat_n and_o small_a bark_n to_o carry_v they_o to_o antwerp_n they_o have_v no_o apprehension_n that_o trade_n shall_v ever_o flourish_v again_o at_o bruges_n or_o ghent_n since_o they_o be_v master_n of_o the_o canal_n of_o communication_n of_o sluice_n and_o sas_n van_n ghent_n to_o the_o very_a sea_n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v the_o dutch_a will_v never_o have_v consent_v to_o a_o peace_n with_o spain_n how_o advantageous_a soever_o it_o may_v be_v have_v they_o not_o see_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o hinder_v the_o re-establishment_n of_o commerce_n in_o flanders_n the_o trade_n the_o dutch_a drive_v in_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n both_o in_o obedience_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v principal_o establish_v at_o antwerp_n ghent_n bruges_n and_o mehclin_n the_o chief_a commodity_n they_o deal_v for_o in_o these_o province_n especial_o in_o the_o town_n of_o antwerp_n brussels_n and_o mechlin_n be_v thread_n and_o lace_n which_o they_o make_v with_o that_o admirable_a beauty_n and_o large_a quantity_n as_o be_v almost_o incredible_a from_o ghent_n and_o bruges_n they_o fetch_v a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o fine_a linen_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o for_o the_o table_n as_o other_o use_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v famous_a for_o serge_n the_o other_o for_o sheep_n leather_n brussels_n and_o audenarde_n for_o tapestry_n where_o a_o long_a while_n since_o begin_v those_o excellent_a manufacture_n that_o give_v birth_n to_o those_o of_o the_o gobelin_n in_o paris_n which_o for_o many_o year_n past_a have_v be_v and_o now_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a workhouse_n in_o the_o world_n to_o these_o town_n they_o send_v their_o own_o manufacture_n of_o stuff_n make_v of_o silk_n and_o wool_n spice_n drug_n coffee_n tea_n chocolate_a and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o muslin_n and_o indian_a stuff_n of_o all_o sort_n to_o this_o one_o may_v add_v the_o trade_n they_o have_v with_o lisle_n tournay_n and_o mons_fw-la of_o which_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n by_o the_o force_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o those_o of_o the_o high_a ally_n the_o trade_n of_o lisle_n consist_v chief_o in_o a_o sort_n of_o linen_n call_v there_o toil_v baptistes_n and_o baracans_n or_o coarse_a camblet_n the_o dutch_a in_o short_a be_v master_n of_o all_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o low_a country_n and_o that_o with_o all_o the_o liberty_n authority_n and_o ease_n imaginable_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o border_n on_o those_o province_n and_o the_o advantage_n they_o have_v of_o the_o river_n and_o canal_n that_o run_v by_o and_o through_o all_o the_o principal_a town_n and_o wonderful_o facilitate_v the_o carriage_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o good_n from_o one_o to_o another_o with_o great_a expedition_n and_o very_o little_a expense_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o trade_n with_o england_n the_o neighbourhood_n of_o these_o two_o nation_n have_v for_o many_o year_n since_o establish_v a_o mutual_a commerce_n between_o they_o but_o it_o have_v sometime_o be_v interrupt_v in_o the_o usurpation_n of_o cromwell_n the_o parliament_n make_v a_o law_n prohibit_v ever_o nation_n to_o bring_v into_o england_n any_o good_n or_o merchandize_n but_o what_o be_v of_o their_o own_o growth_n and_o manufacture_n this_o prohibition_n be_v principal_o level_v at_o the_o dutch_a who_o country_n produce_v very_o little_o that_o england_n have_v occasion_n for_o and_o have_v not_o then_o any_o thing_n like_o the_o manufacture_n they_o have_v at_o this_o day_n but_o at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v think_v prudent_a not_o to_o let_v those_o people_n grow_v too_o great_a or_o rival_n england_n in_o trade_n however_o the_o english_a i_o believe_v be_v not_o over_o severe_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o importation_n of_o spice_n from_o holland_n the_o dutch_a be_v master_n of_o they_o and_o which_o can_v not_o be_v have_v but_o through_o their_o mean_n the_o dutch_a on_o the_o contrary_a permit_v the_o english_a to_o bring_v into_o their_o port_n all_o sort_n of_o good_n whether_o they_o be_v of_o the_o growth_n of_o england_n or_o not_o the_o english_a bring_v into_o holland_n their_o woollen_a clothes_n of_o their_o own_o manufacture_n and_o other_o stuff_n both_o of_o wool_n and_o silk_n tin_n lead_v vitriol_n pitcoal_n virginia_n tobacco_n barbadoes_n sugar_n and_o other_o sugar_n of_o america_n the_o woollen_a manufacture_n that_o come_v from_o england_n into_o holland_n be_v the_o chief_a article_n of_o that_o trade_n their_o stuff_n sell_v ready_o stranger_n and_o particular_o the_o german_n come_v to_o buy_v they_o at_o first_o the_o english_a keep_v their_o store-house_n for_o cloth_n at_o middlebourg_n in_o zealand_n then_o at_o delst_n after_o that_o at_o rotterdam_n and_o now_o at_o dort_n the_o magistrate_n have_v grant_v they_o privilege_n for_o that_o very_a purpose_n there_o be_v certain_a day_n when_o they_o open_v their_o store_n to_o every_o body_n but_o they_o general_o open_v they_o when_o they_o have_v receive_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o cloth_n and_o they_o give_v notice_n some_o time_n before_o by_o circular_a letter_n lead_v and_o tin_n which_o the_o english_a carry_v to_o holland_n next_o to_o their_o cloth_n and_o stuff_n make_v the_o most_o considerable_a article_n the_o tade_n of_o the_o english_a with_o the_o dutch_a be_v carry_v on_o by_o the_o mouse_n the_o passage_n from_o england_n be_v very_o easy_a but_o i_o believe_v their_o good_n sell_v best_o at_o aâ—sterdam_n they_o take_v from_o the_o dutch_a their_o fine_a linen_n in_o payment_n and_o canvas_n for_o sail_n as_o also_o great_a quantity_n of_o paper_n since_o that_o republic_n have_v set_v up_o that_o manufacture_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silk_n of_o their_o make_n especial_o when_o the_o english_a prohibit_v trade_n with_o france_n the_o scotch_a since_o the_o year_n 1612_o have_v set_v up_o a_o glass-house_n in_o zealand_n where_o they_o make_v glass_n much_o after_o the_o english_a way_n they_o bring_v thither_o great_a quantity_n of_o coal_n but_o not_o near_o so_o good_a as_o the_o english_a several_a woollen_a stuff_n of_o their_o own_o manufacture_n and_o particular_o worsted_n stocking_n and_o if_o i_o be_o not_o mistake_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o ox_n and_o cow_n hide_v calf_n and_o sheep_n leather_n dog_n and_o rabbit_n skin_n as_o also_o lead_v and_o tallow_n the_o irish_a have_v no_o storehouse_n in_o all_o holland_n their_o great_a trade_n be_v from_o dublin_n cork_n and_o waverfard_n where_fw-mi they_o transport_v to_o holland_n pickle_a beef_n in_o barrel_n butter_n
callico_n stain_v in_o holland_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o colour_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o both_o in_o spain_n and_o america_n for_o lining_n of_o clothes_n i_o pass_v by_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o linen_n of_o less_o note_n which_o the_o dutch_a bring_v into_o spain_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o well_o as_o table_n linen_n tape_n and_o filleting_n both_o white_a and_o colour_a their_o woollen_a stuff_n be_v drab_n and_o serge_n camlet_n of_o all_o sort_n fine_a and_o coarse_a these_o stuff_n be_v all_o of_o their_o own_o manufacture_n as_o well_o as_o what_o they_o call_v black_a anacosy_n though_o this_o article_n may_v appear_v very_o considerable_a yet_o the_o dutch_a bring_v into_o spain_n other_o good_n of_o a_o far_o great_a value_n the_o several_a sort_n of_o silk_n which_o they_o bring_v in_o vast_a quantity_n amount_v to_o prodigious_a sum_n the_o spaniard_n use_v former_o to_o buy_v their_o silk_n from_o the_o french_a but_o since_o the_o establishment_n of_o these_o sort_n of_o manufacture_n in_o holland_n the_o french_a have_v entire_o lose_v that_o rich_a commerce_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n brocades_n which_o the_o dutch_a sell_v much_o cheap_a be_v true_a these_o rich_a stuff_n at_o first_o be_v neither_o so_o well_o make_v nor_o so_o beautify_v as_o those_o make_v in_o france_n but_o they_o be_v now_o come_v to_o that_o perfection_n in_o holland_n that_o there_o be_v but_o very_o little_a difference_n the_o dutch_a and_o they_o only_o furnish_v spain_n with_o cinnamon_n clove_n and_o nutmeg_n and_o such_o like_a spice_n they_o serve_v they_o likewise_o with_o pepper_n but_o the_o english_a share_n with_o they_o in_o that_o trade_n i_o have_v be_v assure_v that_o one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o cinnamon_n that_o the_o dutch_a have_v from_o the_o east_n indies_n be_v consume_v in_o spain_n and_o america_n especial_o in_o peru_n where_o their_o chocolate_a make_v a_o vast_a consumption_n the_o dutch_a likewise_o dispose_v of_o in_o spain_n a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o drug_n from_o the_o levant_n both_o for_o the_o apothecary_n and_o painter_n use_v i_o pass_v over_o the_o article_n of_o musk_n civet_n ambergrease_n etc._n etc._n which_o amount_v to_o no_o small_a sum_n they_o carry_v also_o into_o spain_n small_a iron_n ware_n work_v at_o nuremberg_n frankfort_n and_o liege_n steel_n and_o copper-work_n from_o sweden_n leather_n from_o denmark_n and_o russia_n leather_n for_o chair_n and_o coach_n great_a quantity_n of_o paper_n and_o card_n which_o they_o use_v to_o have_v from_o france_n white_a and_o yellow_a wax_n this_o last_o article_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o it_o be_v believe_v to_o exceed_v four_o million_o of_o livre_n as_o well_o by_o the_o dutch_a account_n as_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n that_o trade_n thither_o the_o spaniard_n especial_o those_o that_o live_v in_o the_o indies_n consume_v prodigious_a quantity_n their_o chief_a delight_n be_v to_o illuminate_v their_o church_n sunday_n and_o holyday_n in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o spaniard_n have_v from_o holland_n plank_n mast_n cordage_n pitch_n and_o tar_n and_o almost_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o ship_n beside_o all_o sort_n of_o ammunition_n and_o provision_n as_o herring_n salmon_n butter_n cheese_n and_o corn_n when_o there_o be_v a_o scarce_a year_n as_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o spain_n i_o must_v not_o forget_v timber_n for_o building_n nor_o that_o sort_n of_o wood_n they_o make_v pipe_n barrel_n and_o cask_n of_o to_o carry_v their_o wine_n and_o oil_n in_o to_o america_n these_o be_v the_o principal_a commodity_n the_o dutch_a bring_v into_o spain_n and_o which_o they_o will_v again_o undoubted_o continue_v to_o do_v after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o approach_a peace_n one_o may_v add_v to_o these_o the_o negro_n trade_n which_o slave_n their_o east_n india_n company_n furnish_v the_o spaniard_n with_o for_o america_n and_o this_o make_v no_o inconsiderable_a article_n in_o the_o dutch_a trade_n all_o these_o commodity_n very_o few_o except_v be_v equal_o proper_a for_o spain_n and_o america_n but_o the_o great_a part_n be_v send_v into_o the_o new_a world_n and_o peru_n alone_o make_v a_o great_a consumption_n than_o all_o mexico_n it_o must_v be_v observe_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o importance_n that_o only_o the_o spaniard_n can_v trade_n to_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o that_o all_o nation_n else_o be_v forbid_v on_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o trade_n thither_o either_o direct_o or_o indirect_o however_o by_o mean_n even_o of_o the_o spaniard_n themselves_o they_o have_v find_v out_o the_o secret_a to_o send_v to_o those_o part_v all_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n on_o their_o own_o account_n the_o method_n be_v to_o find_v out_o some_o spaniard_n of_o worth_n and_o probity_n and_o entrust_v he_o private_o to_o sell_v your_o good_n in_o the_o indies_n in_o his_o name_n who_o will_v certain_o do_v it_o for_o you_o and_o return_v you_o faithful_o your_o profit_n this_o indirect_a way_n of_o trade_n to_o america_n be_v very_o frequent_a in_o spain_n and_o it_o be_v scarce_o ever_o know_v that_o a_o spaniard_n betray_v his_o trust_n the_o court_n of_o madrid_n be_v not_o unacquainted_a with_o these_o practice_n but_o policy_n make_v she_o connive_v at_o they_o the_o dutch_a have_v likewise_o find_v out_o the_o way_n of_o trading_n thither_o secret_o or_o indeed_o to_o speak_v better_a direct_o by_o the_o way_n of_o the_o island_n curazao_n which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o town_n of_o cartagena_n the_o merchant_n of_o that_o famous_a place_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o town_n along_o the_o maritime_a coast_n have_v a_o very_a good_a understanding_n with_o the_o duchess_n who_o they_o furnish_v with_o the_o merchandise_n of_o the_o country_n and_o carry_v their_o good_n even_a aboard_n their_o vessel_n while_o they_o lie_v at_o anchor_n in_o some_o convenient_a place_n near_o the_o coast_n and_o in_o exchange_n receive_v from_o they_o the_o merchandise_n of_o europe_n the_o trade_n between_o the_o new_a world_n and_o spain_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o the_o galleon_n and_o flotilla_n there_o be_v beside_o some_o few_o vessel_n but_o those_o be_v but_o inconsiderable_a the_o galleon_n be_v design_v as_o i_o hint_v before_o entire_o for_o the_o commerce_n of_o peru_n which_o be_v by_o far_o the_o rich_a and_o the_o flotilla_n for_o that_o of_o mexico_n the_o galleon_n may_v sail_v from_o cadiz_n at_o any_o time_n but_o the_o flotilla_n be_v oblige_v to_o depart_v in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n to_o avoid_v the_o stormy_a wind_n that_o be_v very_o rife_o in_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n during_o the_o month_n of_o september_n these_o two_o fleet_n keep_v the_o same_o way_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o island_n of_o antilles_n thence_o the_o galleon_n continue_v their_o course_n till_o they_o come_v to_o cartagena_n and_o at_o last_o to_o portobello_n where_o be_v keep_v the_o famous_a fair_a between_o the_o merchant_n of_o peru_n and_o spain_n the_o flotilla_n on_o the_o contrary_a take_v its_o course_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o pass_v between_o the_o island_n of_o cuba_n and_o jamaica_n arrive_v at_o the_o port_n of_o vera_n cruz._n in_o come_v back_o the_o galleon_n and_o flotilla_n must_v meet_v and_o anchor_v at_o the_o havana_n a_o very_a famous_a port_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o cuba_n then_o they_o sail_v together_o through_o the_o canal_n of_o bahama_n and_o keep_v still_o in_o sight_n of_o land_n direct_v their_o course_n northward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o azore_n and_o touch_v at_o those_o island_n whence_o they_o fall_v direct_o down_o to_o cadiz_n and_o now_o i_o be_o treat_v of_o the_o commerce_n of_o spain_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o if_o i_o give_v some_o particular_a account_n of_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o have_v relation_n to_o america_n what_o else_o the_o dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n furnish_v the_o spaniard_n with_o be_v pay_v for_o in_o money_n by_o the_o merchant_n of_o america_n as_o well_o as_o of_o those_o of_o spain_n the_o chief_a merchandise_n of_o america_n be_v gold_n and_o silver_n pearl_n emerald_n cochinele_n indigo_n that_o which_o the_o french_a call_v lie_v the_o vigogne_n quinquina_fw-la cocoa_n vanilles_n tobacco_n leather_n wood_n of_o campechy_a and_o other_o considerable_a commodity_n the_o gold_n and_o silver_n come_v to_o spain_n by_o the_o the_o galeon_n and_o flotilla_n but_o the_o galleon_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v design_v only_o for_o peru_n bring_v great_a quantity_n be_v chief_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o potosi_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chereassa_n that_o almost_o all_o the_o silver_n come_v that_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o europe_n asia_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n and_o the_o spanish_a piece_n of_o eight_o be_v no_o less_o know_v and_o seek_v after_o in_o china_n and_o all_o the_o
from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o golconda_n cinnamon_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n and_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n and_o java_n cloves_n and_o nutmeg_n from_o the_o isle_n of_o ceylan_n from_o the_o molucca_n island_n indigo_n from_o amphion_n cotton_n silk_n lacca_n and_o agate_n from_o the_o great_a mogul_n country_n silk_n weave_v and_o raw_a gold_n stuff_v and_o carpet_n rhubarb_n sena_n and_o other_o drug_n from_o persia_n myrrh_n frankincense_n manna_n balsam_n of_o arabia_n gold_n ivory_n tiger_n skin_n bezoar_n and_o african_a lion_n skin_n section_n iii_o of_o the_o mean_n the_o dutch_a take_v to_o establish_v themselves_o in_o the_o indies_n the_o dutch_a for_o many_o year_n furnish_v themselves_o with_o all_o these_o rich_a commodity_n i_o mention_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n at_o lisbon_n where_o they_o sufficient_o abound_v but_o the_o crown_n of_o portugal_n in_o the_o year_n 1580_o be_v unite_v to_o that_o of_o castille_n the_o severity_n they_o some_o time_n after_o suffer_v in_o the_o spanish_a dominion_n under_o philip_n ii_o oblige_v they_o to_o abandon_v that_o trade_n and_o be_v the_o real_a cause_n of_o put_v they_o on_o that_o great_a undertake_n of_o go_v themselves_o to_o the_o indies_n and_o there_o to_o furnish_v themselves_o direct_o with_o those_o very_a commodity_n they_o use_v before_o to_o have_v from_o portugal_n the_o insuperable_a difficulty_n of_o this_o great_a enterprise_n deter_v they_o a_o long_a while_n and_o they_o know_v not_o in_o the_o least_o the_o navigation_n of_o those_o vast_a sea_n they_o be_v to_o sail_v over_o and_o be_v as_o much_o stranger_n to_o the_o language_n genius_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o indian_n the_o portugueze_v always_o keep_v these_o thing_n very_o close_o and_o private_a from_o the_o rest_n of_o europe_n but_o nothing_o trouble_v they_o so_o much_o as_o the_o portugueze_v man_n of_o war_n and_o other_o ship_n that_o be_v continual_o sail_v every_o where_n on_o those_o sea_n and_o which_o they_o believe_v they_o can_v not_o possible_o avoid_v to_o surmount_v this_o difficulty_n they_o endeavour_v to_o open_v a_o passage_n into_o china_n and_o the_o indies_n through_o the_o north_n but_o the_o insuperable_a obstacle_n they_o meet_v with_o by_o reason_n of_o those_o prodigious_a rock_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o white_a or_o freeze_a sea_n make_v they_o abandon_v that_o project_n as_o too_o dangerous_a in_o short_a they_o take_v up_o a_o resolution_n to_o take_v the_o same_o rout_n as_o the_o portugueze_n and_o according_o some_o of_o the_o most_o resolute_a merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o zealand_n fit_v out_o from_o the_o texel_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n 1559_o four_o vessel_n lade_v with_o good_n for_o the_o east_n indies_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o precaution_n they_o take_v in_o this_o voyage_n they_o find_v many_o rub_n lay_v in_o their_o way_n especial_o by_o the_o portugueze_n who_o do_v all_o they_o can_v to_o starve_v they_o but_o for_o all_o that_o three_o of_o these_o ship_n one_o of_o which_o by_o the_o sailor_n negligence_n they_o be_v force_v to_o abandon_v arrive_v in_o holland_n in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n 1561._o this_o prove_v at_o least_o a_o save_a voyage_n for_o those_o that_o be_v concern_v in_o it_o make_v they_o hope_n for_o better_a success_n for_o the_o future_a and_o upon_o this_o foundation_n they_o begin_v to_o form_v several_a company_n in_o holland_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o indian_a commerce_n nothing_o contribute_v so_o much_o to_o their_o happy_a success_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o trade_n as_o the_o favourable_a reception_n they_o meet_v with_o from_o several_a indian_a prince_n secret_a enemy_n to_o the_o portugueze_v on_o account_n of_o their_o pride_n tyranny_n and_o indiscreet_a zeal_n of_o their_o missionary_n which_o raise_v they_o a_o great_a number_n of_o enemy_n who_o for_o a_o long_a time_n only_o wait_v for_o a_o opportunity_n to_o declare_v themselves_o against_o they_o a_o english_a gentleman_n who_o integrity_n can_v be_v question_v say_v that_o the_o dutch_a conduct_n be_v very_o prudent_a never_o undertake_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o indian_n from_o who_o they_o never_o exact_v any_o contribution_n as_o the_o portugueze_n do_v but_o only_o content_v themselves_o with_o establish_v their_o own_o commerce_n and_o ruine_v that_o of_o the_o portugueze_n these_o several_a dutch_a company_n trade_v separately_z to_o the_o indies_n till_o the_o year_n 1602_o when_o the_o state_n general_n judge_v it_o proper_a to_o unite_v they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o spaniard_n and_o portugueze_n and_o to_o attack_v they_o if_o occasion_n so_o require_v out_o of_o these_o several_a company_n be_v form_v that_o general_a east_n india_n company_n which_o alone_o for_o twenty_o year_n together_o can_v carry_v on_o the_o navigation_n beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n their_o stock_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o about_o 6500000_o florin_n or_o guilder_n be_v so_o well_o manage_v by_o these_o able_a merchant_n that_o they_o have_v entire_o destroy_v the_o great_a empire_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o portugueze_v in_o the_o indies_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o both_o and_o found_v on_o their_o ruin_n a_o state_n who_o power_n may_v vie_v with_o that_o of_o their_o republic_n in_o europe_n the_o dutch_a who_o settle_v first_o in_o the_o indies_n content_v themselves_o to_o stand_v on_o the_o defensive_a against_o the_o portugueze_n whenever_o they_o attack_v they_o but_o see_v with_o all_o their_o policy_n and_o address_n they_o can_v never_o obtain_v of_o they_o permission_n to_o trade_v quiet_o to_o the_o indies_n the_o general_n company_n resolve_v to_o attack_v they_o as_o brisk_o in_o their_o turn_n and_o put_v themselves_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o repel_v force_n by_o force_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1605_o they_o seize_v upon_o the_o fortress_n the_o portugueze_n have_v in_o the_o island_n of_o amboina_fw-la this_o be_v the_o first_o solid_a foot_v the_o company_n get_v in_o the_o indies_n and_o that_o island_n to_o this_o very_a day_n be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a government_n the_o company_n have_v in_o those_o part_n this_o first_o conquest_n be_v follow_v by_o that_o of_o the_o other_o molucca_n island_n and_o consequent_o make_v they_o master_n of_o the_o spice_n the_o rich_a and_o most_o important_a commerce_n of_o any_o in_o the_o world_n they_o have_v a_o intention_n in_o the_o year_n 1606_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o important_a place_n of_o malacca_n but_o the_o obstinate_a resistance_n they_o find_v there_o make_v they_o lay_v aside_o the_o execution_n of_o that_o enterprise_n till_o another_o opportunity_n the_o spaniard_n find_v by_o experience_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o drive_v the_o dutch_a out_o of_o the_o indies_n by_o force_n offer_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o they_o and_o acknowledge_v they_o a_o free_a people_n if_o they_o will_v abandon_v the_o india_n trade_n how_o great_a soever_o these_o offer_n be_v they_o make_v no_o manner_n of_o impression_n on_o the_o dutch_a who_o peremptory_o refuse_v they_o and_o rather_o choose_v to_o continue_v a_o long_a war_n as_o it_o prove_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o enter_v into_o only_o to_o obtain_v their_o liberty_n which_o be_v then_o offer_v to_o they_o on_o such_o hard_a condition_n than_o to_o abandon_v the_o east_n india_n trade_n and_o they_o do_v not_o sign_v the_o truce_n in_o the_o year_n 1609_o but_o on_o condition_n they_o shall_v trade_v free_o to_o the_o east_n indies_n in_o all_o the_o place_n they_o use_v to_o do_v during_o the_o war._n though_o the_o company_n be_v oblige_v to_o continue_v the_o war_n in_o the_o indies_n the_o spaniard_n so_o ill_o observe_v the_o truce_n yet_o that_o do_v no_o way_n hinder_v they_o from_o strenuous_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n even_o to_o the_o principal_a place_n of_o the_o east_n where_o before_o it_o be_v unknown_a and_o unheard_a of_o the_o trade_n of_o japan_n which_o they_o settle_v in_o the_o year_n 1611_o be_v of_o the_o great_a consequence_n and_o they_o know_v so_o well_o afterward_o how_o to_o improve_v it_o that_o since_o the_o year_n 1616_o they_o be_v the_o only_a people_n in_o europe_n that_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o those_o part_n the_o fort_n which_o king_n isnagar_n give_v they_o leave_v to_o build_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandel_n have_v screen_v they_o from_o the_o resentment_n and_o insult_v of_o the_o portugueze_v of_o st._n thomas_n establish_v firm_o their_o commerce_n there_o and_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a in_o the_o indies_n in_o 1609_o they_o begin_v to_o build_v their_o city_n of_o batavia_n on_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o small_a town_n of_o iventra_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o
time_n they_o be_v the_o sole_a arbiter_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n all_o over_o the_o north._n but_o this_o trade_n which_o be_v for_o two_o century_n successive_o the_o most_o flourish_a that_o ever_o be_v begin_v to_o decay_v about_o the_o year_n 1500_o on_o account_n of_o their_o fall_v out_o with_o one_o another_o and_o of_o which_o mutual_a division_n the_o english_a and_o dutch_a make_v such_o considerable_a advantage_n especial_o the_o latter_a that_o it_o fall_v almost_o entire_o into_o their_o hand_n and_o have_v continue_v so_o ever_o since_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o vigorous_a effort_n these_o hanse_v town_n have_v make_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o retrieve_v it_o so_o true_a it_o be_v that_o when_o commerce_n have_v once_o change_v its_o course_n it_o be_v the_o most_o difficult_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n to_o bring_v it_o back_o again_o by_o this_o one_o may_v see_v the_o state_n and_o condiof_o the_o trade_n of_o europe_n during_o the_o last_o age_n and_o how_o it_o be_v divide_v between_o the_o italian_n and_o german_n but_o the_o portugueze_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o fifteen_o century_n have_v find_v out_o a_o new_a passage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n by_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n all_o the_o trade_n which_o the_o venetian_n drive_v to_o the_o east-indies_n for_o spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o east_n soon_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n so_o that_o lisbon_n become_v the_o chief_a magazine_n or_o store-house_n for_o these_o good_n whence_o the_o rest_n of_o all_o europe_n may_v be_v convenient_o furnish_v and_o supply_v soon_o after_o the_o portugueze_v make_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n cadiz_n and_o sevill_n be_v full_a of_o all_o the_o rich_a and_o valuable_a commodity_n the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n produce_v gold_n and_o silver_n grow_v more_o common_a in_o europe_n and_o navigation_n every_o day_n come_v to_o a_o great_a perfection_n trade_n grow_v more_o lively_a and_o flourish_a and_o from_o that_o time_n all_o nation_n in_o europe_n strive_v to_o trade_n with_o the_o portugueze_n and_o spaniard_n who_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o sole_a master_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o north_n be_v find_v of_o extreme_a necessity_n to_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n who_o live_v towards_o the_o south_n for_o beside_o wheat_n and_o other_o grain_n they_o have_v from_o thence_o other_o commodity_n as_o material_n proper_a for_o build_v ship_n navigation_n and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n stand_v as_o much_o in_o need_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o south_n as_o wine_n salt_n oil_n etc._n etc._n but_o then_o the_o voyage_n from_o the_o baltic_a to_o the_o mediterranean_a be_v very_o long_o and_o full_a of_o difficulty_n which_o yet_o have_v since_o be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v insuperable_a the_o advantageous_a and_o happy_a situation_n of_o the_o port_n of_o flanders_n between_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n the_o manufactury_n of_o linen_n and_o woollen_a cloth_n which_o flourish_v in_o those_o part_n since_o the_o ten_o century_n together_o with_o the_o free_a fair_n of_o these_o town_n tempt_v the_o merchant_n both_o of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n to_o set_v up_o their_o storehouse_n or_o magazine_n for_o good_n at_o bruges_n and_o afterward_o at_o antwerp_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o the_o exchange_n of_o good_n with_o each_o other_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o great_a ease_n and_o conveniency_n and_o half_o the_o expense_n and_o trouble_v of_o the_o voyage_n entire_o save_v the_o great_a trade_n and_o manufacture_n of_o the_o low_a country_n make_v antwerp_n indisputable_o the_o most_o considerable_a town_n in_o the_o world_n for_o wealth_n and_o commerce_n but_o as_o the_o trade_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v entire_o owe_v to_o the_o ruin_n of_o antwerp_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o look_v a_o little_a far_o back_o the_o better_a to_o discover_v the_o true_a origin_n of_o the_o commerce_n and_o manufacture_n of_o the_o low_a country_n which_o be_v once_o so_o famous_a throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n caesar_n observe_v in_o his_o commentary_n that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o low_a country_n be_v very_o laborious_a and_o industrious_a both_o for_o invention_n and_o imitation_n his_o word_n be_v est_fw-la summae_fw-la genus_fw-la solertiae_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la ad_fw-la omne_fw-la imitanda_fw-la quae_fw-la a_o quoquo_fw-la traduntur_fw-la aptissimum_fw-la lib._n 7._o these_o people_n always_o be_v and_o be_v to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v in_o caesar_n time_n and_o it_o must_v be_v own_a that_o they_o have_v bring_v the_o art_n of_o weave_v to_o its_o high_a perfection_n not_o to_o mention_v several_a other_o for_o which_o the_o world_n be_v indebt_v to_o they_o it_o be_v say_v the_o fleming_n be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o northern_a people_n that_o make_v all_o sort_n of_o woollen_a and_o linen_n clothes_n their_o country_n yield_v the_o fine_a flax_n in_o the_o world_n and_o england_n produce_v the_o most_o excellent_a and_o best_a of_o wool_n baldwin_n surname_v the_o young_a count_n of_o flanders_n contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o subject_n commerce_n by_o set_v up_o about_o the_o year_n 960_o free_a fair_n in_o several_a town_n of_o his_o dominion_n which_o draw_v thither_o vast_a number_n from_o the_o neighbour_a province_n who_o come_v to_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o these_o commodity_n and_o indeed_o they_o deal_v for_o vast_a quantity_n there_o be_v no_o duty_n or_o custom_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o any_o good_n export_v thence_o this_o woollen_a and_o linen_n trade_n which_o at_o first_o begin_v in_o france_n and_o germany_n very_o much_o increase_v for_o three_o century_n during_o all_o which_o time_n nothing_o be_v more_o flourish_a than_o the_o trade_n of_o flanders_n the_o successor_n of_o baldwin_n have_v lay_v several_a duty_n or_o custom_n on_o these_o free_a fair_n and_o the_o flemish_a manufacture_n to_o raise_v money_n in_o order_n to_o defray_v the_o expense_n they_o be_v at_o in_o several_a war_n with_o france_n be_v the_o real_a cause_n that_o the_o woolen_n and_o linen_n clothworker_n who_o number_n be_v almost_o infinite_a make_v several_a cruel_a insurrection_n in_o ghent_n in_o the_o year_n 1301._o and_o other_o of_o these_o workman_n who_o live_v in_o the_o open_a country_n find_v but_o little_a shelter_n there_o in_o war_n time_n go_v away_o in_o great_a number_n to_o tillemont_n and_o louvain_n from_o whence_o they_o disperse_v afterward_o into_o several_a part_n of_o brabant_n the_o duke_n of_o brabant_n one_o will_v have_v imagine_v may_v have_v take_v warn_v by_o the_o ill_a conduct_n of_o the_o fleming_n which_o be_v attend_v with_o so_o many_o inconvenience_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o take_v the_o very_a same_o measure_n and_o in_o their_o turn_n lay_v several_a duty_n upon_o manufacture_n which_o likewise_o cause_v insurrection_n in_o several_a place_n of_o brabant_n particular_o at_o louvain_n where_o the_o clothworker_n have_v kill_v several_a magistrate_n to_o escape_v unpunished_a flee_v some_o of_o they_o into_o england_n and_o other_o into_o holland_n those_o who_o get_v into_o england_n give_v the_o english_a the_o first_o insight_n into_o cloth_n make_v and_o show_v they_o how_o to_o work_v their_o own_o wool_n to_o the_o great_a detriment_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o low_a country_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o to_o the_o year_n 1404_o and_o even_o since_o the_o english_a sell_v their_o wool_n to_o the_o fleming_n and_o take_v their_o clothes_n in_o payment_n not_o only_o the_o clothworker_n of_o brabant_n go_v into_o holland_n but_o a_o great_a many_o from_o flanders_n do_v the_o same_o and_o settle_v chief_o at_o leyden_n where_o that_o art_n of_o cloth-working_a have_v continue_v ever_o since_o to_o shine_v out_o in_o its_o full_a lustre_n thus_o we_o plain_o see_v how_o lay_v on_o too_o high_a duty_n be_v what_o remove_v good_a part_n of_o the_o manufactury_n of_o flanders_n into_o brabant_n and_o from_o that_o province_n into_o those_o beyond_o the_o maese_n and_o into_o england_n where_o they_o have_v raise_v the_o woollen_a manufacture_n to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o perfection_n it_o can_v possible_o admit_v of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a be_v very_o desirous_a to_o keep_v to_o themselves_o these_o important_a and_o valuable_a manufactury_n take_v particular_a care_n not_o to_o burden_v they_o with_o too_o heavy_a custom_n or_o tax_n we_o shall_v explain_v in_o another_o place_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o their_o wise_a policy_n and_o conduct_n about_o the_o year_n 1400_o the_o art_n of_o salt_v or_o pickle_v of_o herring_n be_v find_v out_o by_o a_o fleming_n of_o pierulem_fw-la which_o much_o encourage_v this_o sort_n of_o fishery_n as_o be_v of_o very_o great_a advantage_n and_o together_o with_o the_o
altogether_o impracticable_a to_o put_v this_o project_n in_o execution_n the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o set_v up_o a_o east_n india_n company_n as_o also_o other_o for_o the_o levant_n and_o northern_a trade_n in_o order_n to_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o such_o merchandise_n of_o those_o country_n as_o they_o shall_v have_v occasion_n of_o and_o in_o return_n with_o what_o may_v be_v necessary_a for_o their_o use_n without_o have_v recourse_n to_o stranger_n to_o quit_v themselves_o entire_o of_o foreign_a assistance_n they_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o in_o france_n the_o manufactury_n of_o other_o country_n imagine_v at_o the_o same_o time_n those_o other_o country_n can_v not_o be_v without_o french_a good_n and_o provision_n and_o that_o they_o will_v take_v off_o the_o same_o quantity_n as_o usual_a and_o by_o consequence_n will_v be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v ready_a money_n when_o they_o see_v the_o french_a take_v no_o more_o of_o they_o in_o return_n be_v on_o this_o view_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1667_o the_o french_a lay_v new_a duty_n on_o foreign_a good_n especial_o manufacture_n which_o consequent_o make_v they_o much_o dear_a than_o their_o own_o and_o be_v do_v with_o intent_n to_o make_v the_o people_n prefer_v their_o own_o to_o foreign_a manufacture_n the_o dutch_a see_v themselves_o attack_v in_o the_o most_o sensible_a part_n so_o well_o traverse_v this_o new_a establishment_n of_o the_o french_a company_n that_o at_o last_o they_o fall_v of_o themselves_o they_o forget_v nothing_o that_o may_v ruin_v the_o manufacture_n of_o france_n they_o set_v up_o for_o make_v themselves_o those_o very_a good_n they_o use_v to_o have_v from_o france_n and_o sell_v they_o much_o cheap_a than_o the_o french_a can_v do_v reason_n of_o state_n join_v to_o those_o of_o trade_n and_o the_o enmity_n of_o both_o party_n to_o each_o other_o break_v out_o at_o last_o into_o a_o open_a war_n which_o be_v proper_o speak_v a_o trade_n war._n the_o conduct_n of_o the_o dutch_a during_o the_o treaty_n of_o aix_n la_fw-fr chapelle_n the_o triple_a alliance_n make_v afterward_o with_o england_n and_o sweden_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spanish_a low_a country_n and_o their_o gasconading_n language_n make_v the_o king_n resolve_v they_o shall_v feel_v his_o resentment_n to_o humble_v this_o republic_n it_o be_v think_v nothing_o will_v go_v so_o far_o as_o the_o ruine_v their_o trade_n by_o lay_v still_o new_a duty_n on_o such_o merchandise_n as_o shall_v be_v bring_v into_o france_n or_o else_o entire_o to_o prohibit_v it_o the_o states-general_n try_v all_o way_n to_o engage_v the_o french_a to_o regulate_v their_o duty_n upon_o entry_n by_o the_o tariff_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1664._o and_o to_o execute_v the_o treaty_n of_o commerce_n of_o the_o year_n 1662._o but_o find_v they_o can_v do_v nothing_o they_o begin_v to_o fight_v the_o french_a with_o their_o own_o weapon_n that_o be_v they_o prohibit_v all_o french_a wine_n and_o brandy_n enter_v their_o port_n and_o lay_v new_a duty_n upon_o all_o good_n of_o the_o french_a manufacture_n and_o the_o provision_n and_o other_o merchandise_n that_o a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o use_v continual_o to_o have_v from_o france_n they_o then_o buy_v and_o deal_v for_o from_o other_o part_n the_o french_a soon_o perceive_v a_o very_a great_a diminution_n of_o their_o commerce_n the_o war_n come_v on_o between_o france_n and_o holland_n in_o the_o year_n 1672_o trade_n on_o both_o side_n be_v entire_o prohibit_v however_o mounseur_fw-fr colbert_n happy_o foresee_v that_o will_v be_v a_o very_a difficult_a matter_n for_o france_n to_o continue_v long_o a_o war_n wherein_o probable_o all_o europe_n may_v be_v engage_v against_o she_o if_o no_o body_n take_v off_o her_o good_n and_o merchandize_n give_v passport_n to_o every_o one_o that_o will_v come_v and_o trade_n thither_o and_o to_o this_o wise_a and_o sage_a conduct_n may_v be_v just_o attribute_v good_a part_n of_o the_o happy_a success_n which_o afterward_o attend_v that_o kingdom_n that_o war_n end_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o nimeguen_n which_o be_v conclude_v the_o 10_o of_o august_n 1678._o the_o very_a same_o day_n a_o new_a treaty_n of_o commerce_n be_v strike_v up_o in_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o french_a and_o dutch_a shall_v enjoy_v reciprocal_o the_o same_o liberty_n in_o respect_n of_o commerce_n and_o navigation_n in_o each_o other_o dominion_n as_o they_o do_v before_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o war._n in_o consequence_n of_o this_o treaty_n the_o tariff_n of_o 1667_o be_v entire_o abolish_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o dutch_a and_o that_o of_o 1664_o be_v set_v up_o in_o its_o stead_n general_o for_o all_o sort_n of_o good_n whatsoever_o that_o they_o shall_v bring_v into_o that_o kingdom_n or_o export_v thence_o one_o will_v have_v think_v that_o this_o will_v have_v establish_v a_o last_a commerce_n between_o the_o two_o nation_n however_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1680_o the_o french_a provision_n and_o other_o good_n especial_o silk_n bear_v no_o price_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o those_o that_o trade_v thither_o be_v very_o sensible_a that_o oftentimes_o they_o rather_o lose_v than_o gain_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v so_o true_a be_v it_o that_o commerce_v once_o destroy_v never_o again_o recover_v itself_o those_o gentleman_n who_o have_v the_o mangement_n of_o affair_n after_o the_o death_n of_o monsieur_n colbert_n without_o have_v any_o manner_n of_o regard_n to_o this_o last_o treaty_n set_v up_o the_o tariff_n of_o 1667_o and_o considerable_o augment_v the_o duty_n in_o hope_n to_o augment_v the_o sale_n of_o their_o own_o manufacture_n the_o dutch_a see_v their_o commerce_n continual_o attack_v in_o such_o open_a manner_n and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o hope_n of_o reestablishing_a matter_n on_o the_o ancient_a foot_n apply_v themselves_o more_o than_o ever_o with_o all_o care_n and_o diligence_n to_o put_v themselves_o in_o that_o condition_n as_o never_o more_o to_o have_v occasion_n of_o the_o french_a manufacture_n and_o they_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o this_o last_o article_n that_o they_o set_v up_o among_o themselves_o those_o very_a manufactury_n as_o the_o make_v silk_n gold_n and_o silver_n brocades_n hat_n paper_n ribbon_n and_o lace_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o french_a since_o that_o time_n have_v find_v to_o their_o no_o small_a detriment_n a_o prodigious_a decrease_v of_o their_o trade_n in_o these_o several_a article_n i_o believe_v it_o may_v very_o true_o be_v say_v that_o these_o trade-quarrel_n be_v partly_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n break_v out_o again_o between_o france_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1690._o the_o declaration_n of_o this_o war_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o most_o severe_a and_o long_a prohibition_n of_o commerce_n that_o ever_o be_v know_v and_o have_v hitherto_o continue_v and_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v will_v only_o make_v the_o dutch_a know_v they_o can_v very_o easy_o let_v the_o french_a provision_n alone_o time_n will_v make_v it_o appear_v whether_o after_o the_o peace_n the_o dutch_a will_v resort_v to_o the_o port_n of_o france_n with_o such_o number_n of_o merchants-ship_n as_o before_o and_o we_o shall_v see_v whether_o they_o will_v take_v off_o such_o vast_a quantity_n of_o provision_n and_o good_n of_o the_o french_a manufacture_n as_o in_o time_n past_a be_v much_o to_o be_v wish_v they_o will_v as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o commerce_n as_o the_o good_a of_o the_o state_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o trade_n with_o spain_n notwithstanding_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o dutch_a from_o spain_n philip_n the_o second_o pretend_v he_o know_v nothing_o of_o their_o trade_n in_o his_o dominion_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o his_o ally_n and_o though_o he_o see_v very_o well_o that_o such_o trade_n must_v inevitable_o furnish_v they_o wherewith_o to_o maintain_v their_o revolt_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v it_o worth_a his_o while_n to_o deprive_v they_o of_o it_o it_o be_v the_o general_a opinion_n that_o that_o prince_n act_v after_o that_o manner_n because_o he_o have_v occasion_n for_o the_o merchandise_n of_o the_o north_n to_o equip_v his_o fleet_n and_o which_o he_o can_v have_v no_o other_o way_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o dutch_a it_o be_v believe_v he_o be_v likewise_o afraid_a that_o if_o he_o shall_v shut_v they_o out_o of_o the_o spanish_a port_n they_o will_v be_v very_o powerful_a at_o sea_n open_v themselves_o a_o way_n into_o the_o new_a world_n however_o notwithstanding_o this_o connivance_n of_o that_o monarch_n the_o spaniard_n in_o time_n treat_v the_o dutch_a merchant_n that_o trade_v to_o spain_n with_o such_o cruelty_n and_o lay_v on_o they_o such_o heavy_a duty_n that_o they_o be_v foree_v to_o leave_v off_o trade_n thither_o as_o well_o as_o to_o portugal_n which_o then_o be_v
east_n except_o japan_n where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o mine_n of_o silver_n than_o in_o all_o the_o country_n of_o europe_n that_o which_o come_v to_o we_o from_o new_a spain_n be_v dug_n out_o of_o the_o mine_n of_o st._n lewis_n de_fw-fr zacatecas_n some_o league_n from_o mexico_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o that_o empire_n peru_n chili_n and_o the_o new_a kingdom_n of_o grenada_n be_v the_o three_o country_n that_o produce_v the_o most_o gold_n these_o be_v the_o several_a mine_n of_o these_o two_o valuable_a metal_n and_o where_o every_o day_n they_o make_v new_a discovery_n which_o make_v all_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n so_o eager_a to_o trade_n with_o the_o spaniard_n in_o reality_n this_o commerce_n be_v the_o most_o profitable_a the_o return_v be_v always_o in_o gold_n and_o silver_n pearl_n emerald_n quinquina_fw-la and_o laine_v de_fw-fr vigogne_n come_v with_o the_o galleon_n for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o fish_n for_o pearl_n near_o the_o terra_fw-la firma_n the_o mine_n of_o emerald_n be_v near_o santa_n fe_o de_fw-fr bagota_n in_o new_a granada_n laines_n de_fw-fr vigogne_n come_v from_o potosi_n quinquina_fw-la from_o the_o province_n of_o quillio_n which_o be_v likewise_o in_o peru._n cochineal_n indigo_n cocoa_n vanilles_n and_o the_o wood_n of_o campechy_a general_o from_o new_a spain_n or_o mexico_n the_o province_n of_o guatimala_n afford_v the_o best_a cochineal_n which_o they_o call_v there_o meteq_n and_o be_v the_o best_a and_o dear_a of_o all_o there_o be_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n consume_v all_o over_o europe_n in_o die_v scarlet_a there_o be_v no_o less_o a_o consumption_n of_o indigo_n for_o die_v blue_n the_o best_a if_o i_o mistake_v not_o come_v from_o guatimala_n the_o wood_n of_o campechy_a which_o be_v use_v in_o die_v black_n come_v from_o jacatan_n cocoa_n and_o varnilles_n be_v two_o fruit_n with_o which_o they_o make_v chocolate_a the_o first_o come_v general_o from_o the_o island_n curazao_n miracuebo_fw-la and_o gayaquil_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o terra_n firma_n and_o the_o other_o from_o ducapello_n and_o mexico_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o south-sea_n the_o tobacco_n we_o have_v from_o spain_n come_v from_o vernia_n miracuebo_fw-la the_o havana_n and_o st._n domingo_n i_o think_v that_o which_o come_v from_o the_o havana_n be_v best_a to_o make_v snuff_n of_o the_o other_o to_o smoak_n their_o leather_n come_v general_o from_o mexico_n the_o island_n of_o st._n domingo_n the_o havana_n curazao_n and_o buenos_n air_n and_o be_v by_o much_o the_o best_a of_o any_o and_o most_o valuable_a tobacco_n and_o leather_n make_v a_o great_a article_n in_o the_o spanish_a trade_n and_o the_o dutch_a take_v off_o vast_a quantity_n i_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o sarsaparilla_n the_o roâ—…_n contrayerva_n the_o balsam_n of_o peru_n and_o other_o small_a article_n that_o come_v to_o we_o from_o the_o new_a world_n the_o principal_a merchandise_n of_o their_o own_o growth_n that_o the_o spaniard_n furnish_v these_o country_n with_o be_v wool_n wine_n fruit_n oil_n soap_n salt_n soude_z or_o kalt_n iron_n and_o steel_n the_o spanish_a wool_n be_v ever_o in_o high_a esteem_n on_o account_n of_o its_o fineness_n and_o excellency_n there_o be_v however_o great_a difference_n the_o best_a come_v from_o the_o province_n of_o andalusia_n valentia_n castille_n arragon_n and_o biscay_n the_o dutch_a when_o they_o have_v a_o free_a trade_n with_o spain_n take_v off_o vast_a quantity_n it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a in_o their_o manufacture_n of_o cloth_n the_o french_a italian_n and_o even_o the_o english_a themselves_o lie_v out_o considerable_a sum_n in_o this_o commodity_n so_o that_o it_o may_v true_o be_v say_v that_o the_o spanish_a wool_n be_v the_o great_a article_n in_o their_o trade_n on_o this_o side_n the_o southern_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n produce_v great_a quantity_n of_o excellent_a red_a and_o white_a wine_n the_o chief_a port_n where_o these_o wine_n be_v ship_v off_o to_o foreign_a part_n be_v alicant_n and_o malaga_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a much_o more_o red_a than_o white_n come_v from_o port_n st._n marry_o port_n real_a st._n lucar_n and_o rosa_n in_o the_o bay_n of_o cadiz_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wine_n that_o grow_v about_o that_o bay_n be_v white_a and_o be_v common_o call_v xere_n wine_n the_o dutch_a lie_v out_o large_a sum_n in_o these_o wine_n as_o well_o as_o in_o canaryand_n brandy_n since_o they_o buy_v none_o of_o the_o french_a the_o spaniard_n since_o this_o war_n have_v sell_v much_o more_o wine_n than_o before_o for_o whereas_o during_o the_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1691._o the_o duty_n run_v only_o for_o 3000_o butt_n they_o have_v since_o rise_v to_o 16000_o the_o dutch_a take_v off_o likewise_o abundance_n of_o olive_n from_o the_o island_n of_o majorca_n as_o well_o as_o from_o sevil_n and_o malaga_n beside_o great_a quantity_n of_o fig_n raisin_n almond_n and_o other_o dry_a fruit_n i_o have_v be_v well_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o year_n but_o they_o lade_v five_o or_o six_o ship_n with_o these_o good_n include_v orange_n lemon_n and_o caper_n the_o soap_n of_o alicant_n and_o carthagena_n be_v always_o esteem_v the_o best_a of_o any_o soude_z or_o kalt_n which_o be_v a_o herb_n that_o turn_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o stone_n after_o be_v burn_v and_o which_o be_v use_v in_o make_v soap_n and_o grass_n grow_v in_o large_a quantity_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o valencia_n and_o murcia_n and_o foreigner_n take_v off_o a_o great_a deal_n from_o both_o place_n the_o dutch_a be_v wont_a to_o lay_v out_o great_a sum_n with_o the_o spaniard_n for_o iron_n and_o spanish_a salt_n there_o be_v a_o world_n of_o this_o salt_n all_o round_a about_o the_o bay_n of_o cadiz_n and_o the_o island_n of_o iva_n iron_n be_v the_o product_n of_o biscay_n and_o navarre_n and_o as_o there_o be_v no_o better_a in_o europe_n so_o for_o that_o very_a reason_n there_o be_v every_o year_n a_o great_a consumption_n of_o this_o necessary_a metal_n the_o dutch_a every_o year_n employ_v in_o the_o cadiz_n trade_n about_o thirty_o sail_n of_o ship_n beside_o those_o that_o unlade_v themselves_o at_o that_o port_n and_o continue_v their_o course_n to_o the_o strait_n they_o tell_v you_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o departure_n and_o arrival_n of_o the_o galleon_n the_o number_n of_o the_o dutch_a vessel_n that_o trade_n to_o cadiz_n common_o increase_v to_o 15_o or_o 20._o the_o ship_n that_o trade_n to_o cadiz_n except_o those_o lade_v with_o corn_n go_v always_o without_o convoy_n though_o their_o artillery_n and_o lade_n be_v very_o considerable_a which_o make_v other_o nation_n often_o put_v their_o good_n aboard_o these_o vessel_n as_o well_o for_o safety_n as_o cheapness_n of_o freight_n they_o pretend_v that_o the_o dutch_a receive_v every_o return_n of_o the_o flotilla_n and_o galleon_n about_o five_o million_o for_o good_n send_v to_o the_o indies_n and_o near_o upon_o as_o much_o for_o those_o sell_v at_o cadiz_n add_v to_o this_o the_o indirect_a trade_n to_o america_n actual_o carry_v on_o by_o the_o way_n of_o curazao_n a_o article_n of_o no_o little_a consequence_n i_o have_v only_o one_o word_n more_o to_o say_v and_o that_o be_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o trade_n the_o dutch_a carry_v on_o with_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o spain_n they_o come_v into_o every_o port_n but_o the_o trader_n of_o bilboa_n and_o st._n sebastian_n be_v they_o that_o deal_v most_o with_o the_o dutch_a the_o port_n of_o the_o former_a be_v the_o most_o considerable_a be_v the_o magazine_n of_o the_o province_n of_o old_a castille_n and_o leon_n this_o town_n by_o its_o commerce_n furnish_v these_o two_o province_n with_o woollen_a stuff_n silk_n lace_n ribbon_n hat_n paper_n small_a ware_n and_o iron_n work_v bring_v thither_o by_o the_o dutch_a who_o likewise_o bring_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o ship_n salt_n and_o corn_n of_o which_o they_o consume_v great_a quantity_n in_o those_o place_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o province_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n they_o bring_v much_o the_o same_o good_n to_o st._n sebastian_n as_o bilbao_n which_o be_v again_o send_v into_o navarre_n the_o country_n of_o guipuscoa_n the_o astury_n etc._n etc._n from_o all_o this_o side_n of_o the_o country_n the_o commodity_n to_o be_v export_v be_v wool_n from_o arragon_n navarre_n and_o old_a castille_n excellent_a iron_n from_o guipuscoa_n where_o the_o iron_n mine_n chief_o be_v nut_n chestnut_n lemon_n orange_n anchovy_n from_o calica_n the_o trade_n of_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v chief_o at_o malaga_n cartagena_n alicant_n valentia_n almarica_n and_o majorca_n etc._n etc._n which_o afford_v all_o the_o commodity_n i_o speak_v of_o above_o to_o wit_n wine_n oil_n olive_n
java_n it_o be_v fortify_v by_o a_o citadel_n compass_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o eighteen_o bastion_n which_o be_v so_o strong_o build_v that_o this_o town_n afterward_o hold_v out_o three_o sieges_n against_o the_o king_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o java_n as_o soon_o as_o batavia_n be_v finish_v the_o general_n company_n make_v it_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o their_o territory_n in_o asia_n and_o the_o centre_n of_o all_o commerce_n in_o those_o part_n the_o dutch_a general_n make_v it_o the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n live_v in_o the_o citadel_n with_o his_o court_n and_o council_n since_o the_o company_n trade_n so_o wonderful_o increase_v and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v the_o most_o considerable_a of_o all_o asia_n the_o dutch_a make_v new_a conquest_n and_o the_o king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o asia_n strike_v with_o the_o success_n and_o grandeur_n of_o the_o company_n soon_o come_v and_o covet_v their_o alliance_n in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o erect_v several_a public_a and_o private_a building_n at_o batavia_n of_o extraordinary_a beauty_n and_o magnificence_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v now_o and_o have_v a_o long_a time_n since_o be_v the_o wonder_n of_o asia_n both_o for_o its_o beauty_n and_o commerce_n for_o there_o be_v never_o a_o day_n but_o you_o may_v see_v vessel_n enter_v the_o port_n from_o bengal_n siam_n malacca_n the_o molucca_n and_o philipine_n island_n china_n and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n not_o include_v those_o that_o come_v from_o europe_n the_o truce_n end_v in_o 1621._o the_o two_o party_n viz._n the_o portugueze_n and_o dutch_n prepare_v themselves_o for_o war_n both_o in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a world_n of_o all_o the_o advantage_n the_o dutch_a get_v in_o the_o indies_n over_o the_o portugueze_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1640_o be_v the_o great_a for_o in_o that_o very_a year_n the_o company_n in_o short_a make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o town_n of_o malacca_n and_o by_o that_o conquest_n become_v master_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a straight_o in_o all_o asia_n in_o effect_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o important_a place_n the_o portugueze_n have_v in_o the_o indies_n its_o situation_n be_v wonderful_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o china_n and_o the_o molucca_n island_n and_o they_o always_o keep_v there_o a_o strong_a garrison_n and_o a_o good_a fleet_n which_o strike_v a_o terror_n into_o all_o the_o neighbour_a island_n on_z thr_fw-mi one_a of_o december_n in_o the_o same_o year_n 1640_o the_o portugueze_n shake_v off_o the_o castillian_a yoke_n and_o make_v the_o duke_n of_o braganza_n their_o king_n who_o be_v acknowledge_v as_o such_o not_o only_o by_o all_o portugal_n but_o by_o all_o the_o state_n that_o crown_v possess_v in_o asia_n africa_n and_o america_n as_o the_o portugueze_n be_v not_o at_o war_n with_o the_o dutch_a but_o as_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v so_o they_o desire_v a_o alliance_n with_o the_o dutch_a with_o who_o in_o the_o year_n 1641._o they_o conclude_v a_o truce_n for_o ten_o year_n for_o all_o place_n belong_v to_o each_o nation_n both_o on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n the_o line_n there_o be_v to_o be_v a_o free_a navigation_n for_o both_o party_n every_o where_o and_o each_o be_v to_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o those_o place_n they_o hold_v in_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n at_o the_o time_n of_o publish_v the_o truce_n this_o treaty_n be_v not_o capable_a to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o dutch_a conquest_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o truce_n they_o have_v sign_v they_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o town_n of_o gallo_n and_o columbo_n two_o of_o the_o principal_a place_n the_o dutch_a or_o rather_o the_o portugueze_n have_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o ceylan_n and_o this_o put_v into_o their_o hand_n the_o whole_a cinnamon_n trade_n and_o in_o some_o sort_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o strait_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o ceylan_n and_o cape_n comorin_n so_o that_o by_o these_o mean_v they_o govern_v the_o two_o most_o powerful_a passage_n of_o asia_n the_o portugueze_v be_v not_o able_a to_o have_v any_o justice_n do_v they_o for_o the_o infraction_n of_o the_o truce_n thus_o make_v by_o the_o dutch_a resolve_v to_o do_v themselves_o justice_n and_o accordin_o make_v a_o insurrection_n and_o general_a revolt_n in_o brazil_n which_o cost_v the_o dutch_a the_o loss_n of_o all_o they_o possess_v in_o that_o place_n and_o almost_o ruin_v their_o west-india_n company_n the_o war_n also_o break_v out_o in_o good_a earnest_n between_o the_o two_o nation_n in_o the_o east_n and_o last_v 16_o year_n in_o which_o time_n the_o dutch_a take_v from_o the_o portugueze_v almost_o all_o the_o trade_n they_o have_v leave_v in_o the_o east-indies_n the_o take_n of_o several_a castle_n and_o strong_a place_n by_o the_o dutch_a in_o 1661._o belong_v to_o the_o portugueze_v from_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o indian_a sea_n as_o far_o as_o suratte_n strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o that_o vast_a country_n that_o the_o city_n of_o goa_n be_v afraid_a they_o must_v have_v fall_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o dutch_a company_n they_o get_v beside_o a_o battle_n near_o dabul_n the_o consequence_n of_o which_o be_v very_o fatal_a to_o the_o portugueze_v for_o several_a little_a king_n on_o this_o side_n the_o ganges_n follow_v always_o the_o strong_a side_n leave_v the_o portugueze_v to_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o dutch_a who_o by_o reduce_v the_o town_n and_o island_n of_o medea_n which_o be_v oblige_v to_o be_v abandon_v to_o they_o see_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o chilas_n the_o expense_n and_o trouble_v the_o company_n be_v at_o during_o this_o war_n do_v not_o hinder_v they_o from_o take_v all_o method_n to_o advance_v their_o commerce_n in_o the_o year_n 1653_o they_o make_v a_o new_a establishment_n at_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o ship_n that_o shall_v make_v the_o voyage_n of_o india_n there_o be_v at_o present_a a_o great_a town_n and_o a_o fort_n with_o 6_o bastion_n that_o command_v all_o the_o road._n the_o air_n be_v very_o good_a plenty_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o game_n and_o the_o soil_n produce_v good_a corn_n and_o wine_n so_o that_o that_o this_o port_n be_v of_o the_o great_a benefit_n and_o advantage_n to_o their_o fleet_n which_o here_o take_v in_o fresh_a provision_n notwithstanding_o the_o ill_a success_n that_o the_o dutch_a company_n meet_v with_o in_o the_o several_a attempt_v they_o make_v to_o settle_v their_o commerce_n with_o china_n they_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o year_n 1655_o to_o make_v a_o great_a than_o ever_o by_o send_v thither_o a_o splendid_a embassy_n with_o rich_a present_n for_o the_o emperor_n of_o tartary_n who_o be_v then_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n it_o be_v believe_v they_o will_v have_v carry_v their_o point_n notwithstanding_o the_o stratagem_n of_o the_o jesuit_n and_o portugueze_n who_o both_o pay_v dear_a enough_o afterward_o for_o the_o ill_a service_n they_o do_v the_o dutch_a on_o that_o occasion_n this_o same_o company_n suffer_v yet_o a_o more_o troublesome_a mortification_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o where_o they_o be_v drive_v by_o force_n out_o of_o the_o island_n of_o formosa_fw-la which_o lie_v between_o china_n and_o japan_n this_o loss_n be_v very_o considerable_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o great_a trade_n they_o drive_v with_o both_o these_o empire_n in_o the_o same_o year_n 1661._o the_o portugueze_n and_o dutch_n be_v both_o weary_a by_o a_o war_n so_o pernicious_a to_o they_o both_o sign_v a_o peace_n at_o the_o hague_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o this_o treaty_n the_o dutch_a quit_v brazil_n entire_o to_o the_o portugueze_v for_o a_o good_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o some_o advantage_n in_o respect_n of_o trade_n the_o jealousy_n afterward_o between_o the_o viceroy_n of_o goa_n and_o the_o general_n of_o batavia_n grow_v so_o great_a that_o this_o peace_n be_v not_o at_o all_o observe_v in_o the_o east_n indies_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o the_o dutch_a take_v from_o they_o the_o best_a place_n they_o have_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n viz._n coulan_n cananor_n cochin_n and_o grandanor_n thus_o in_o less_o than_o the_o space_n of_o one_o year_n almost_o 150_o league_n of_o the_o country_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n exchange_v their_o governor_n and_o from_o the_o portugueze_n come_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o company_n which_o much_o augment_v their_o commerce_n in_o the_o province_n of_o guzaratte_n indoston_n and_o bengal_n the_o portugueze_n be_v not_o the_o only_a people_n the_o company_n fall_v out_o with_o they_o have_v several_a war_n with_o the_o indian_a king_n but_o that_o
company_n be_v oblige_v to_o take_v all_o that_o the_o amboiner_n bring_v they_o for_o which_o they_o be_v to_o allow_v they_o 8._o d._n a_o pound_n nutmeg_n and_o mace_n grow_v only_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o banda_n of_o which_o the_o dutch_a be_v likewise_o master_n and_o they_o take_v great_a care_n to_o hinder_v the_o increase_n of_o these_o tree_n and_o have_v use_v the_o same_o precaution_n to_o secure_a to_o themselves_o this_o rich_a commerce_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o cinnamon_n and_o clove_n they_o be_v not_o master_n of_o the_o clove_n and_o nutmeg_n till_o they_o have_v conquer_v the_o king_n of_o macassar_n and_o to_o rid_v themselves_o of_o all_o apprehension_n for_o the_o future_a they_o oblige_v he_o to_o drive_v all_o the_o portugueze_v out_o of_o his_o country_n and_o shut_v out_o of_o his_o seaport_n all_o ship_n that_o shall_v come_v from_o europe_n except_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o dutch_a company_n which_o have_v effectual_o make_v they_o absolute_a master_n of_o that_o rich_a trade_n for_o the_o people_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o macassar_n be_v near_o neighbour_n to_o those_o of_o the_o molucca_n island_n use_v to_o take_v under_o hand_n vast_a quantity_n of_o clove_n and_o nutmeg_n and_o sell_v they_o to_o the_o portugueze_n and_o english_a at_o a_o low_a price_n than_o the_o company_n which_o di_fw-mi not_o a_o little_a prejudice_n their_o commerce_n in_o short_a the_o dutch_a have_v spare_v no_o pain_n to_o secure_v to_o themselves_o only_o the_o spice_n trade_n spice_n be_v commodity_n much_o esteem_v and_o seek_v after_o all_o over_o the_o world_n and_o whole_o possess_v by_o the_o dutch_a have_v put_v they_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o other_o commodity_n in_o the_o universe_n in_o a_o word_n the_o spice_n be_v the_o basis_n of_o their_o great_a commerce_n and_o go_v as_o ready_a money_n in_o a_o great_a many_o country_n how_o great_a soever_o the_o quantity_n of_o clove_n bring_v into_o europe_n may_v be_v they_o sell_v yet_o much_o more_o in_o the_o indies_n where_o the_o company_n have_v fix_v the_o price_n of_o clove_n to_o 75_o stivers_n a_o pound_n and_o nutmeg_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o 60_o stivers_n when_o they_o give_v they_o in_o payment_n a_o english_a memorial_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1663._o say_v that_o the_o dutch_a with_o the_o spice_n that_o they_o sell_v in_o the_o great_a mogul_n country_n persia_n bengal_n and_o coromandel_n and_o all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o red-sea_n both_o in_o arabia_n and_o egypt_n etc._n etc._n buy_v the_o provision_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o these_o vast_a kingdom_n proper_a for_o europe_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o the_o spice_n i_o may_v add_v pepper_n and_o ginger_n pepper_n grow_v chief_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n and_o in_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n and_o java_n of_o which_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n the_o large_a and_o small_a most_o part_n of_o the_o large_a sort_n come_v from_o malabar_n and_o be_v what_o general_o be_v send_v into_o europe_n the_o small_a come_v from_o bantam_n achem_n etc._n etc._n very_o little_a of_o this_o sort_n come_v to_o we_o for_o the_o mahometan_n consume_v almost_o all_o of_o it_o pepper_n be_v a_o commodity_n that_o abound_v very_o much_o in_o those_o part_n and_o cost_v the_o dutch_a but_o little_a in_o the_o indies_n it_o sell_v so_o well_o in_o persia_n arabia_n china_n and_o japan_n that_o those_o empire_n produce_v nothing_o but_o what_o may_v be_v purchase_v by_o pepper_n which_o be_v the_o only_a commodity_n that_o go_v as_o ready_a money_n and_o by_o which_o they_o get_v cent_z per_fw-mi cent_z at_o least_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o there_o be_v great_a consumption_n of_o pepper_n in_o the_o indies_n than_o in_o europe_n and_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o person_n of_o good_a credit_n and_o capacity_n that_o it_o be_v more_o wholesome_a in_o those_o hot_a country_n than_o in_o cold_a and_o temperate_a climate_n the_o indian_n put_v it_o whole_a into_o their_o dish_n or_o at_o most_o but_o bruise_a and_o never_o ground_n as_o we_o do_v and_o so_o do_v the_o mahometan_n the_o english_a have_v often_o complain_v and_o not_o without_o reason_n that_o the_o dutch_a do_v all_o they_o can_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o pepper_n as_o they_o now_o be_v of_o the_o spice_n trade_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n 1669_o after_o this_o manner_n viz._n we_o be_v very_o well_o assure_v that_o the_o dutch_a have_v long_o since_o have_v a_o design_n to_o force_v the_o prince_n and_o governor_n along_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n achem_n the_o western_a coast_n of_o sumatra_n and_o java_n etc._n etc._n and_o those_o prince_n and_o governor_n have_v often_o report_v that_o they_o have_v force_v they_o not_o only_o to_o enter_v into_o treaty_n with_o they_o in_o relation_n to_o their_o pepper_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o country_n but_o in_o their_o treaty_n of_o peace_n have_v tie_v they_o up_o to_o hinder_v all_o other_o nation_n from_o trade_v with_o they_o and_o have_v actual_o make_v war_n against_o those_o who_o will_v not_o accept_v of_o such_o condition_n they_o have_v even_o block_v up_o their_o port_n and_o forbid_v entrance_n to_o other_o people_n and_o by_o these_o mean_n have_v take_v from_o they_o all_o liberty_n of_o trade_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o have_v make_v they_o comply_v with_o their_o demand_n which_o practice_n tend_v to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o english_a trade_n in_o the_o east-indies_n ginger_n be_v the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n somewhat_o like_o a_o rosetree_n grow_v about_o malabar_n a_o town_n in_o the_o great_a mogul_n country_n and_o which_o yield_v the_o great_a quantity_n and_o supply_v all_o foreign_a part_n the_o indian_n english_a dutch_a and_o all_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north_n use_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o candy_a ginger_n to_o warm_v the_o stomach_n and_o help_n digestion_n among_o the_o drug_n i_o may_v reckon_v indigo_n saltpetre_n sugar_n lacca_n ambergris_n musk_n tea_n rhubarb_n borax_n benzoin_n bezoar_n etc._n etc._n indigo_n be_v make_v of_o a_o herb_n much_o resemble_v our_o hemp_n they_o rot_v the_o leaf_n in_o little_a pond_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n which_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o kind_a of_o clay_n and_o then_o a_o little_a afterward_o it_o become_v indigo_n all_o that_o which_o come_v from_o the_o east-indies_n for_o there_o be_v some_o that_o come_v likewise_o from_o the_o west-indies_n be_v make_v only_o in_o the_o mogul_n country_n except_o a_o small_a quantity_n that_o come_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o golconda_n that_o which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o province_n of_o agra_n be_v esteem_v the_o best_a it_o be_v believe_v the_o dutch_a every_o year_n bring_v into_o europe_n 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o weight_n of_o indigo_n from_o agra_n good_a part_n of_o which_o be_v send_v into_o germany_n and_o muscovy_n where_o they_o use_v it_o as_o as_o they_o do_v in_o other_o country_n for_o die_v blue_a saltpetre_n as_o well_o as_o indigo_n come_v from_o the_o mogul_n country_n agra_n and_o pattua_n two_o town_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bengal_n yield_v the_o most_o this_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a article_n in_o the_o dutch_a trade_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o bring_v vast_a quantity_n and_o as_o good_a as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n the_o last_o fleet_n that_o come_v from_o the_o indies_n on_o the_o company_n account_v bring_v 28170_o quintal_n which_o be_v all_o consume_v in_o holland_n in_o make_v gunpowder_n for_o the_o republic_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o say_a kingdom_n of_o bengal_n much_o coarse_a sugar_n which_o the_o dutch_a buy_v in_o great_a quantity_n to_o refine_v in_o holland_n and_o sell_v afterward_o with_o great_a profit_n lacca_n be_v particular_o to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o pegu_n and_o azen_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o bengal_n and_o guzoratte_n it_o be_v a_o kind_a of_o gum_n which_o exquisite_a production_n be_v make_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o indian_a ant_n or_o pismire_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o bee_n make_v their_o honey_n there_o be_v red_a lacca_n and_o black_a but_o there_o be_v nothing_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o black_a as_o the_o red_a sort_n out_o of_o the_o red_a the_o indian_n have_v the_o secret_a to_o extract_v that_o beautiful_a scarlet_a colour_n with_o which_o they_o die_v their_o silk_n and_o calico_n and_o they_o make_v it_o serve_v for_o any_o other_o colour_n they_o please_v they_o also_o use_v it_o to_o lacquer_n their_o fine_a cabinet_n and_o other_o indian_a work_n and_o to_o make_v a_o kind_a of_o sealing-wax_n be_v a_o good_a commodity_n for_o the_o dutch_a for_o it_o cost_v in_o india_n general_o ten_o stivers_n a_o pound_n
family_n which_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a expense_n he_o have_v a_o key_n to_o every_o magazine_n and_o can_v take_v out_o what_o he_o will_v without_o give_v a_o account_n to_o any_o one_o it_o may_v be_v say_v his_o authority_n in_o some_o sort_n will_v equal_v that_o of_o the_o late_a prince_n of_o orange_n be_v it_o not_o in_o the_o be_v power_n to_o revoke_v it_o when_o they_o please_v for_o in_o effect_n he_o be_v stadtholder_n captain_n general_n and_o high_a admiral_n of_o the_o indies_n his_o court_n be_v more_o pompous_a his_o train_n more_o magnificent_a than_o be_v that_o of_o those_o prince_n and_o surpass_v even_o some_o king_n in_o europe_n when_o he_o go_v out_o 50_o horse_n guard_n go_v before_o his_o coach_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o a_o fine_a company_n of_o foot_n 12_o page_n walk_v of_o each_o side_n of_o his_o coach_n and_o all_o very_o rich_o and_o magnificent_o dress_v when_o he_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o indian_a king_n be_v with_o extraordinary_a pomp_n and_o splendour_n all_o which_o serve_v very_o much_o to_o gain_v admiration_n and_o respect_n from_o the_o people_n of_o asia_n who_o be_v mighty_o take_v with_o outward_a show_n and_o finery_n in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v few_o king_n in_o europe_n who_o make_v so_o splendid_a a_o figure_n and_o appearance_n as_o his_o governor_n general_n especial_o if_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o good_a sense_n for_o than_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o govern_v the_o council_n as_o he_o please_v the_o world_n have_v see_v a_o example_n of_o this_o in_o the_o person_n of_o monsieur_n speelman_n who_o do_v every_o thing_n after_o his_o own_o way_n make_v war_n and_o peace_n when_o he_o please_v and_o the_o be_v general_a that_o stand_v in_o awe_n of_o he_o approve_v of_o every_o thing_n he_o do_v the_o director_n general_n who_o be_v the_o second_o person_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n in_o the_o indies_n have_v every_o thing_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o be_v answerable_a according_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a counselor_n be_v not_o reckon_v in_o any_o debate_n when_o the_o general_n and_o the_o six_o ordinary_a counselor_n of_o state_n be_v present_a when_o a_o counsellor_n die_v or_o any_o other_o member_n of_o the_o assembly_n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o counselor_n to_o appoint_v his_o successor_n who_o must_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o general_a company_n if_o i_o be_o not_o much_o mistake_v monsieur_n champtiffe_o who_o succeed_v mounseur_fw-fr speelman_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o council_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o company_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v two_o principal_a merchant_n who_o charge_n be_v to_o see_v the_o ship_n lade_v and_o unlade_v these_o be_v very_o considerable_a post_n and_o be_v esteem_v the_o best_a next_o be_v of_o the_o council_n there_o be_v six_o governor_n of_o province_n viz._n the_o governor_n of_o coromandel_n the_o governor_n of_o amboina_fw-la the_o governor_n of_o banda_n the_o governor_n of_o ternate_a the_o governor_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ceylan_n and_o the_o governor_n of_o malacca_n i_o have_v be_v assure_v that_o those_o six_o governor_n be_v all_o absolute_a in_o their_o respective_a province_n and_o that_o they_o can_v be_v displace_v by_o the_o council_n of_o batavia_n the_o particular_a governor_n of_o all_o the_o place_n from_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v call_v commander_n i_o do_v know_v if_o the_o council_n of_o batavia_n have_v the_o nomination_n of_o they_o or_o the_o assembly_n of_o seventeen_o however_o i_o be_o certain_a that_o the_o assembly_n nominate_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n the_o general_n and_o his_o council_n choose_v all_o the_o commissioner_n merchant_n and_o subaltern_n officer_n however_o if_o any_o one_o be_v recommend_v by_o the_o sharer_n they_o take_v care_n to_o provide_v for_o he_o very_o well_o beside_o the_o council_n of_o state_n at_o batavia_n there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v supreme_a judge_n of_o all_o process_n civil_a and_o criminal_a and_o have_v even_o the_o power_n to_o try_v the_o governor_n general_n and_o condemn_v he_o to_o death_n if_o find_v guilty_a of_o treason_n the_o dutch_a company_n the_o better_a to_o carry_v on_o trade_n in_o the_o east-indies_n to_o secure_v the_o country_n and_o all_o fort_n and_o magazine_n or_o storehouse_n they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o in_o those_o place_n maintain_v a_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o vessel_n from_o thirty_o to_o sixty_o piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o above_o five_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n officer_n common_z soldiers_z and_o seaman_n in_o their_o pay_n the_o company_n maintain_v in_o the_o indies_n in_o all_o twelve_o thousand_o regular_a troop_n but_o in_o every_o place_n where_o there_o be_v a_o dutch_a garrison_n there_o be_v always_o great_a number_n of_o the_o native_n capable_a of_o bear_v arm_n which_o they_o always_o put_v in_o the_o front_n when_o they_o go_v to_o battle_n i_o have_v be_v inform_v that_o in_o these_o different_a country_n the_o company_n have_v beside_o their_o regular_a troop_n above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n able_a to_o carry_v arms._n the_o major_a general_n command_v all_o the_o troop_n under_o the_o governor_n general_n he_o be_v the_o second_o person_n in_o the_o indies_n the_o company_n in_o time_n of_o war_n augment_v their_o force_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a vessel_n can_v equip_v forty_o of_o the_o large_a sort_n there_o be_v many_o crown_a head_n in_o europe_n who_o will_v find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o do_v as_o much_o however_o all_o the_o great_a power_n that_o this_o famous_a company_n have_v in_o the_o indies_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o result_n of_o the_o industry_n of_o a_o small_a number_n of_o man_n of_o about_o 60_o substantial_a and_o understand_a trader_n firm_a and_o constant_a in_o their_o undertake_n and_o who_o want_v nothing_o of_o be_v so_o many_o sovereign_a prince_n but_o their_o independance_n on_o the_o state_n general_n in_o other_o respect_v this_o famous_a company_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o absolute_a in_o holland_n and_o in_o all_o other_o place_n nominate_v all_o magistrate_n admiral_n general_n and_o all_o governor_n send_v and_o receive_v ambassador_n to_o and_o from_o king_n and_o sovereign_a prince_n make_v peace_n and_o war_n when_o ever_o it_o please_v and_o by_o its_o own_o authority_n administer_v justice_n institute_n officer_n to_o execute_v it_o absolute_o in_o its_o own_o name_n punish_v and_o pardon_n crime_n give_v reward_n and_o present_v worthy_a the_o grandeur_n and_o magnificence_n of_o king_n establish_v colony_n build_v fort_n levy_n troop_n maintain_v army_n and_o great_a garrison_n fit_v out_o fleet_n of_o man_n of_o war_n and_o coin_n money_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o discover_v by_o this_o account_n that_o the_o india_n trade_n must_v bring_v immense_a treasure_n to_o the_o company_n beside_o the_o dividend_n the_o company_n make_v every_o year_n to_o the_o sharer_n it_o supply_v those_o exorbitant_a expense_n which_o it_o be_v oblige_v to_o make_v in_o the_o indies_n and_o europe_n to_o pay_v all_o the_o officer_n director_n commissioner_n soldier_n and_o seaman_n in_o build_v fortification_n buy_v ammunition_n for_o all_o place_n and_o a_o infinity_n of_o other_o expense_n for_o building_n freight_v and_o victual_v great_a number_n of_o large_a and_o small_a ship_n for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o augmentation_n of_o its_o maritime_a force_n the_o gain_n of_o the_o company_n more_o than_o their_o expense_n and_o disbursment_n amount_v general_o to_o three_o million_o of_o gold_n every_o year_n include_v the_o return_v all_o freight_n pay_v which_o come_v to_o 15_o or_o 16_o million_o of_o livre_n a_o year_n reckon_v one_o with_o the_o other_o amount_v in_o the_o whole_a to_o 50_o million_o of_o livre_n the_o immense_a gain_n of_o this_o company_n since_o their_o establishment_n excite_v the_o french_a in_o 1664_o to_o undertake_v this_o trade_n but_o experience_n have_v make_v they_o know_v that_o what_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o dutch_a be_v not_o always_o convenient_a for_o other_o people_n in_o short_a this_o trade_n that_o have_v gain_v they_o such_o vast_a riches_n be_v master_n of_o the_o spicery_n can_v never_o be_v of_o advantage_n to_o any_o country_n or_o people_n who_o must_v employ_v ready_a money_n in_o purchase_v at_o very_o dear_a rate_n and_o at_o second_o hand_n such_o commodity_n by_o which_o they_o get_v twenty_o for_o one_o or_o else_o take_v from_o they_o such_o good_n as_o be_v destructive_a to_o their_o own_o manufacture_n this_o have_v actual_o be_v the_o case_n of_o france_n for_o when_o the_o king_n prohibit_v all_o paint_a indian_a stuff_n to_o be_v wear_v in_o that_o kingdom_n they_o see_v in_o a_o moment_n their_o manufacture_n of_o slight_a woollen_a stuff_n recover_v