Selected quad for the lemma: peace_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
peace_n	duke_n	king_n	savoy_n	2,090	5	11.6019	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A81938	Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world giving an account of the several religions, customs, and riches of each people; the strength and government of each polity and state; the curious and most remarkable things in every region; with other particulars necessary to the understanding history and the interests of princes. Written originally by the Sieur Duval, Geographer in Ordinary to the French King; and made English, and enlarged by Ferrand Spence.	Duval, P. (Pierre), 1619-1682.; Spence, Ferrand.	1685 (1685)	Wing D2919A; ESTC R229216	199,644	399

Tubal so strongly affirming what they said that they obtained belief And the Duke shortly after went with a parcel of Musketeers and subdued them easily they having no offensive Weapons but only Slings They Worshiped the Son and Moon fed upon nothing that had life but had good store of excellent Fruits Roots and Springs of Water wherewith Nature was well contented And though their Language was not altogether understood yet many of their Words were purely Basquish Reduced in this Discovery to Christianity but easily discernable from all other Spaniards by their tawny Complexions occasioned by the reverberation of the Sun-beams from the Rocky Mountains wherewith on all sides they are encompassed The People must necessarily have been some remnant of the ancient Spaniards who hid themselves amongst the Mountains for fear of the Romans Their Language and Idolatry speak them to be such For had they either fled from the Goths or Moors there had been found some Cross or other Monument of Christianity as in other places or some such mixture in their Speech as would have savoured somewhat of the ancient Romans The Duke of Alva by whose means this Valley was discover'd was the same who out of Vanity had himself call'd an whole Army composed of one sole Person The other States of the King of Spain are near France part of Flanders In Italy the Dutchy of Milan Final Orbitelle the protection of Piombin of Portolongon The Kingdoms of Naples of Sicily of Sardinia Oran Marsalquivir Melille Pennon de Velez Ceuta along the Coasts of Barbary upon the Mediterranean the Isle of Pantaralee The greatest part of America Several Islands and Places in the East and West-Indies Portugal POrtugal is a Kingdom ancient for above five hundred years in the Western part of Spain where was formerly Lusitania In all probability this Name of Portugal came from that of Porto a Town considerable for its Commerce and from that of Cale a small Place near it It is from the South to the North about a hundred and twenty Leagues in length in breadth five and twenty thirty and sometimes fifty It s Situation upon the Ocean and the experience of its Inhabitants in point of Navigation has given occasion to them to make Conquests in the four parts of the World and principally in the East-Indies Their Conquests have been in above five thousand Leagues of Coast in Brasil in Africa and Asia All their Places were near the Sea for they had no other design than that of rendring themselves Masters of Commerce True it is that during the War they were oblig'd to sustain against Spain for eight and twenty years together and by reason of the great Garrisons they were oblig'd to keep in those parts against the Hollanders whom they have nevertheless drove entirely out of Brasil they made but small profit and this moved them to give some places to the English by the Marriage of the Infanta of Portugal with Charles the Second King of England The Portugal Provinces have all their peculiar Commodities they afford among other things Lemons and excellent Oranges They have Mines the Greeks and Romans went to seek in Portugal the Gold which the Portuguese go to seek in the Indies They are so populous principally towards the Sea as that there are reckoned above six hundred Cities or priviledged Burroughs and above four thousand Parishes The Roman Catholick Religion is only receiv'd in this Kingdom those who are of the Jewish Race have been constrained to be baptized and are now known under the Name of New Christians There are three Arch-bishopricks Lisbon Braga and Evora ten Bishopricks The Arch-bishopricks of Lisbon and Evora have each of 'em full two hundred thousand Livers yearly Income Inquisitions are at Lisbon at Coimbre at Evora the Assembly of the Cortes or Parliaments at Lisbon at Porto Twenty seven Places have Generalities which they call Comarques and Almoxarifats The Order of Christ which resides at Tomar is the most considerable of the Kingdom the Kings are the Masters and Heads of it for on this Order depend all the Foreign Conquests Its Knights wear the Red and White Cross in the Middle whereas those of Avis wear it green those of St. James red These have their Residence at Palmella near Setuval The Revenue of the Kingdom without reckoning that of the Indies is said to exceed ten Millions of Livers I can hardly believe what the Portugals say that their King Don Sebastian was at the Charge of a Million of Gold upon the Harness of a Horse that the Trappings of the European Ladies were only the remains of those of Portugal In the Year 1640. this Kingdom withdrew it self from its Obedience to the King of Spain Then was admired the Great Secresie that was kept in that Affair among above two hundred persons for above a Year together The principal Motives of this Resolution were the Permission which his Catholick Majesty gave to others than to the Portugals of trading to the East-Indies the Tribute of the fifth that was proclaim'd in the Year 1636. by which the Government exacted five in the hundred of all the Revenues and Merchandizes in the Kingdom The Duke of Braganza was proclaimed King under the Name of John the Fourth This Prince reigned sixteen Years and had for his Successour Alphonso the Sixth who was deposed in 1667. His Marriage having been declared null Pedro his Brother married the Queen was made Regent of the Kingdom and made Peace with Spain The Conspiracy in the Year 1673. against this Prince obliged him to have the King fetch'd back from the Terzera and put into the Fortress of Sintra near Lisbon About two Years since a Marriage was concerted betwixt the Infanta and Victor Ame Duke of Savoy but that Match is now wholly broke off and a new Treaty now on foot for the same purpose with the Prince of Tuscany This Kingdom contains six Provinces which are as many general Governments Entre Doaro and Minho Tralos-Montes Beyra Estremadura Alen-Teyo and Algarve Entre Douro and Minho is the most delicious and so populous that in the space of eighteen Leagues in length and twelve in breadth it has above a hundred and thirty Monasteries well rented fourteen hundred and sixteen Parishes five thousand Fountains of Spring-Water two hundred Bridges of Stone and six Sea-Ports Some call it the Marrow and the Delight of Spain Porto a City of four thousand Housholds drives a great Trade Bragra is renowned for the holding of several Councils by the Pretension of its Archbishop who styles himself Primate of the Spains Tralos-Montes has Minerals with the City of Braganza the Capital of a Dutchy of forty thousand Ducates Revenue wherein there are full fifty small Cities and other Lands which make the Duke of Braganza thrice Marquis seven times a Count and several times a Lord. The Princes of that Name now in possession of the Crown remain'd commonly at Villa Viciosa and had the Prerogative to the Exclusion of

the midst of the Low Countries has four Cities the Capitals of as many Quarters Bruxels Louvain Breda Boisleduc Bruxels is very populous the abode of a Prince or Governour whose Palace is very spacious Its Chanel which leads to Antwerp is one of the finest Works of the Country with prodigious Sluces which have cost immens Sums As well as at Avignon some of its Publick Edifices are to the number of seven The Church of St. Gudule is one of the finest of the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Soignes furnishes its Inhabitants with Game for hunting Louvain which some make to pass for the Capital of Brabant is one of the greatest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives occasion to the By-word That it is a City of Scholars as Bruxels is a City of Courtiers Antwerp a City of Merchants Mechelin a City of Advocates and Lawyers by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken by force in the Year 1655. by the French and Hollanders Breda belongs to the Prince of Orange and Hertoghen-Bosch or Bois-le-Duc to the States General of the Vnited Provinces as do also Berghen-op-Zoom and the Grave All these Places are well fortified Bois-le-Duc is so extraordinary strong by reason of its Marshes that it pass'd for Impregnable before it was taken upon which account they were us'd to say in Holland out of Raillery I will pay you when Bois-le-Duc is became a Beggar that is to say never The Brabanzon pretends the Priviledge of deliberating nothing out of the Limits of their Country The Marquisate of the Holy Empire has this Name from its Site upon the ancient bounds of France and the Empire whither the Emperour sent Governours who were call'd Marquesses There is only the City of Antwerp one of the best and most pleasant of the Netherlands the Emperour Charles the Fifth call'd it his Sunday or Holy-day Town the importance of its Situation has occasioned the making sumptuous Fortifications which consist of ten great Bastions and one of the strongest Cittadels of Europe flank'd with five regular Bastions fac'd with Brick and hewed Stones This Cittadel was built towards the higher part of the River rather than towards the lower that it might command the Town and receive Succours from the Country subject to its Prince the Duke of Alva who had made it plac'd his Statue therein which has since been taken away The Jesuits in Antwerp have a Church all of Marble look'd upon as one of the finest in the World Formerly above two hundred thousand persons were reckoned in this Town and about two thousand five hundred Ships upon the Scheld But the Inhabitants of this place do not now drive that great Trade they did since the Hollanders have seiz'd upon the Avenues of their River The City of Mechelin is the Residence of the States or Parliament of the Catholick Provinces of the King of Spain It s Barony is very small the Women of Mechlin being ready to lye in are said to cause themselves to be carried upon the Lands of Brabant that so their Children may enjoy the Priviledge of the Brabantins Namur is a Town of importance by reason of its passage over the Meuse at the place where it receives the Sambre from hence they transport Marble Ardoise Pit-Coal Charle-Roy upon the Sambre is one of the best Fortresses in the Netherlands Limbourg has only the Town of the same Name which is in any consideration with a strong Castle upon a Rock The French King made the Conquest of it in the Year 1675. but was bound to restore it to the King of Spain by the Peace of Nimmeghen The Bishoprick of Liege owes subjection to its Bishop as well in Spirituals as Temporals the Inhabitants gave it formerly the Name of Grace He is Elected by the Chapter his Residence was formerly at Tongres and Mastricht This Country is of a great Extent with several places lying within the Marches of the neighbouring Provinces Liege is a trading Town and as they say the Paradise of the Ecclesiasticks It was observ'd in the Year 1131. that there were amongst the Canons of its Cathedral Church nine Sons of Kings fourteen Sons of Dukes nine and twenty Sons of Counts and seven Sons of Barons 'T is very populous notwithstanding it was ruin'd by the last Duke of Burgundy When the ancient Priviledges subsisted there it had thirty two Trades and a Body of two and twenty Burgesses composed of Ecclesiasticks of Nobles and of the third Estate or Commonalty these twenty two were call'd most Honoured Lords and had the principal direction of Affairs The Elector of Cologn its Prince caus'd a Cittadel to be built here which was demolish'd by the French in the time of the late Wars The Town of Spa is known to us for its Medicinal Water Mastricht for its Fortifications and for the famous Sieges it has sustain'd It is made up of two Towns Mastricht reckoned to belong to the Duke of Brabant Wick of the Appurtenances to the Bishoprick of Liege The Peace of Nimmeghen has resetled the Hollanders in possession of Mastricht Cambresis is near France The City of Cambray has a good Cittadel the guard whereof was only confided to natural Spaniards when their King was Master thereof It has a Clock singularly wrought by the hand of a Shepherd and furnishes extraordinary fine Linnen or Cambrick Since the Year 1595. the Kings of Spain have attributed to themselves the Tempoporal Jurisdiction of Cambray the Emperours did not contradict them in this matter because they are of the same Family and the Arch-bishops had to no purpose solicited the re-establishment of their Right those Prelates style themselves Arch bishops and Dukes of Cambray Counts of Cambresis Princes of the Holy Empire tho' commonly they have neither Session nor Voice in the Diets In the Year 1677. the French King commanding his Army in person made himself Master of the Town and Cittadel of Cambray which were confirm'd to him by the Peace of Nimmeghen Lorrain LOrrain is a Country with the Title of Dutchy considerable for several advantages particularly for its situation between Champagne French-Luxembourg the Palatinate of the Rhine Franche-Comte all these Provinces are possess'd by the French except the Palatinate It brings forth plentifully all the Conveniencies of Life unless it be Oyl It has Jasper and stuff for the making of Drinking and Looking-glasses The Lorrainers are bigotted Catholicks There are reckoned three Bailiwicks that of Nancy Vaudrevange and Vauge where is Mirecourt Under the general Name of Lorrain may be comprehended the Dutchy of Bar which is of a double kind there is Barrois Royal on this side the Meuse and Barrois Ducal beyond the same River several Territories adjacent the Bishopricks of Metz Toul Verdun formerly Principalities of the Empire Imperial Towns of the same Name which since the Reign of French Henry the Second have own'd Subjection to the Crown of France It is to be noted that these Bishops are

possessed by the Crown of Sueden Of Denmark THE Danes make the Name of their Country come from Dan one of the Successors of Noah They make all their Kings to descend from him to Christian the Fifth now Reigning Grandson of Christian the Fourth who had the happiness to sway the Scepter above sixty Years The King of Denmark commands Countries of vast extent which for the most part are cold by reason of their Situation towards the North full of Mountains and Woods and Ice and Snow Of this Number are the Kingdom of Norway Greenland the Isles of Island and of Fero. Towards the North of America there be some Lands which bear the Name of New-Denmark Some Fortresses in Guinea Krankebar in Coromandel in the East-Indies acknowledg subjection to his Majesty of Denmark What is particularly comprehended under the Name of Denmark is the best inhabited the finest and the most fertile It is an Hereditary Kingdom since the Year 1660. before it was Elective the Nobility being now stript of the Prerogative it formerly possessed The King of Denmark styles himself Count of Oldembourg and Delmenhorst as the Eighth King of that Family into which the Crown of Denmark came in the Year 1448. by the Election of Christian I. He is now in possession of it and caused to be built there in the Year 1681. a new City with a Sea-Port under the Name of Christiana The Opinion of Luther is followed in Denmark since the Reign of King Frederiek Elected in the Year 1523. There is no great Trade drove in Denmark but there is a fine Revenue arising from the Customs which the Merchandizes pay that pass through the Streight of the Sound the Key of the Baltick-Sea This Streight is a Mile in breadth and the Course which the Ships there steer with the most safety and conveniency is nearer Cronembourg than Elsenbourg which belongs to the Crown of Sueden This Revenue is no longer so considerable since the Suedes do not pay there now what they did formerly and it would be less if the design was brought about that has been entertain'd of joyning the Baltick Sea to the Elve by the Lake of Swerin if the transportation of Commodities be continued by Land from Hambourg to Lubeck and if the Elector of Brandenbourg brings to perfection the Chanel which he has begun at Mulras for the transporting the Merchandizes of Poland and Silesia from the Oder into the Elve Ships of ordinary Bulk which take their way through the Streight of the Belt cast Anchor before Nibourg and there pay the Impost This Streight is broader but not so deep as that of the Sound by which means the Sea is there very rough the great Ships meet with several Islands there and do not willingly steer their Course that way which they take more directly and more conveniently through the Sound The King of Denmark raises also a great Revenue from the Cattel of his Dominions which afford 'em both very fat and in great plenty The Germans carry away from thence every Year above fifty thousand Oxen into their own Country Other Foreigners go into Denmark to buy Horses Such abundance is there of Deer that three or four hundred are sometimes killed in one Chace alone the Danes are us'd to salt and barrel 'em up for the victualling as they say the King's Ships the hunting of those Creatures is commonly perform'd in Chariots or a sort of running Waggons by reason these Machines do not fright away the Deer The Ports of Denmark are the Peninsula of Jutland and the Islands near the Streight of the Belt Schonen was yielded up to the Crown of Sueden by the late Treaties of Peace Jutland was the abode of Cimbres who have made Conquest in most of the Regions of Europe and who before they were defeated by Marius gave furious Alarums to the Romans There is somewhat Martial found at this day in the Danish Ladies they love Hunting and receive at Table rather than in their Chambers those persons who make 'em visits In Jutland there be four Diocesses towards the North Ripen Arhusen Alborg Viborg two Dutchies towards the South Sleswick and Holstein Those who inhabit near the Coast are at small Charges in making their Houses for that the Wind does often carry there such drifts of Sand as to constrain 'em to get out at the top of their Houses Kolding is the place of Custom for the Cattel Frederic-Ode which is now called Frederic for the rendring the termination of it the more different from that of Frederick-Ohrt in Holstein is in so important a situation that Charles Gustavus King of Sueden having taken it in the late Wars had then the means of making his Army pass over the Ice into all the Neighbouring Islands and go give the Alarum to Copenhagen which was an Action as bold as that never the like was heard of this Prince made the Cavalry march and lead the Artillery over great Arms of the Sea where before a Man on foot would have been afraid of venturing himself True it is that formerly some Battels have been fought there upon the Ice but commonly the War was made in those Parts by Land in Winter and by Sea in Summer The Dutchy of Sleswick was the ancient abode of the English It belongs to the Duke of Holstein who has his Residence at Gottorp and holds of the Crown of Denmark The City of Sleswick has the remains of the Re-intrenchments which were made there at divers times to hinder entrance into the Peninsula One of the late Dukes of Holstein caused Frederickstadt to be built upon the Eider with design of setling there the Guild-Trade He sent in the Year 1633. for that purpose a signal Embassie into Russia and Persia whereof we have both a fine and an exact Relation drawn up by Olearius Secretary of the Embassie Holstein otherwise Holsatia belongs to the King of Denmark and to the Duke of Holstein who have hitherto done Homage for it to the Emperor as Fief of the Empire and have had alternately the administration of Justice the Session in the Assemblies of the Empire and in all the Rights of Regality By the Peace of the Empire with Sueden Protection is granted the Duke against the King of Denmark which was of no use to him in the late Wars and he was only re-established in his Dominions by the Peace of Nimmighen His Riches consist in the Fishery and in the Transportation of Swine which are fatned in the Woods Some Lands in this Country bring forth for three years together the three years following they are covered with Water by the means of Ponds that are made to overflow The Principal Town is Riel which is near the Port of Christianpreis which was Fortified and near which has lately been built the Fortress of Frederick-Ohrt The greatest Isles of Denmark are Zealand and Fionia Copenhagen in Zealand is a Town of great Commerce the usual abode of the King It has a fine Castle-Royal

keeps in its Metropolitan Church call'd the Dome the Relick of St. Suaire wherein the Face of our Lord is imprinted with most of his Body It boasts of having of all the Cities of Italy brought the Press into use Nice near the Sea has several Roman Antiquities and a Cittadel which seems inaccessible by reason of its situation upon a Rock Montferrat has most of its Towns upon Hills very fertile in Corn and Wine By the Peace of Quieras a part of that Country was yielded to the Duke of Savoy the other remaining the Duke of Mantua's who possesses Casal near the Po. This Town is fortified with several Bulwarks and Half-moons with a Castle and a strong Cittadel composed of six great Bastions The Land of Milan is the most beautiful Country of all Lombardy and the finest Dutchy of Christendom now possess'd by the King of Spain The Ways are pleasant almost all in a direct line with Chanels of Spring-Water on both sides and rows and plantations of Trees which make them resemble Alleys and Walks The Champain of Milan is so fertile that there is not an Inch of Land but brings forth twice a Year The Nobility as well as in the Kingdom of Naples does not meddle with Commerce as does that of the other neighbouring States The City of Milan is called Great because it is full ten Miles in compass wherein it contains above two hundred and thirty Churches ninety six Parishes as many Convents and above a hundred Fraternities It is a general Mart of the Merchandizes of France of Spain of Italy of Germany so great a number of Artizans it has of all sorts that the Italians have it for a Proverb That Milan must be ruin'd if they would accommodate Italy with them It has ever passed for a second Rome tho' it has been besieged forty times and taken two and twenty Its strength consists rather in its Men than in its Walls it being reckoned to contain above three hundred thousand persons It s Castle is one of the finest Fortresses of Europe of six great Bastions Royal invested with Brick with Grafts and Ditches full of running Water The Coast of Genoa formerly called Liguria produces Muscate-Wines Olives in abundance all manner of good Fruits the Western part particularly is full of Lemmon Orange Fig Palm and Cedar-trees the Inland of the Country is mountainous full of Woods which furnish Materials for the making of Ships and Galleys The Situation of Genoa is upon the Sea-shore part in Plains part in Hills The City is full five Miles round and has Fortifications which are yet much greater in circuit for which reason it is the greatest the most trading and the most important of all Italy towards the West The Buildings and Structures of this Town are so magnificent and so beautiful that it is called the Stately tho' very much endamag'd by the late Batteries of the French One of the principal Revenues of its Inhabitants consists in the transportation of Silk-stuffs Parma the Capital of Parmezan is the common abode of the Duke of that Name of the House of the Farnezes a Feudatory of the Church It has a Cittadel whereon Money has not been sparing for the rendring it good and a fair Palace for its Princes dwelling Modena is the Capital of the Dutchy of the same Name fortified with Bulwarks after the ancient manner inhabited by above thirty five thousand Souls In Modena it was that Brutus was in vain besieged by Mark Anthony after the Murder of Julius Caesar Octavius having happily defeated the Army of him who would by this Siege have renewed the Civil Wars Mantua is seated in the Waters of a Lake of twenty Miles in circuit which only affords entrance by Causeys into the Town Its Mills do raise a good Revenue to this Duke the Jews who are there very numerous pay him a great Tribute The Ducal Palace is one of the finest and best furnish'd in all Italy The Demesn of Venice has so many Rivers Canals and Navigable Lakes that Merchandizes are easily conveyed into all its places The Republick is independent above twelve hundred Years standing the Bulwark of Christendom against the Turks The City of Venice is one of the greatest of Europe so populous that there are reckoned above three hundred thousand persons Those who have seen it may boast of having seen one of the Wonders of the World It s Arcenal is the finest the greatest and the best furnished upon Earth The Isles whereof the City is composed are separated from one another by Chanels wherein there be above fifteen thousand Boats which they call Gondoles The Church and Palace of St. Mark are very fine Structures the Treasury of St. Mark contains immense Riches The Bishoprick of Trent which belongs to its Bishop is under the Protection of the House of Austria The City of Trent is ancient inhabited both by Italians and Germans renowned for-holding the last General Council The state of the Church is look'd upon as so much the more considerable in that the Pope who is the Temporal and Spiritual Prince of it pretends to be the Chief and Soveraign Pontife of all Christendom the Patriarch of Rome and of the West Primate and Exarch of Italy Metropolitan of the Suffragan Bishops of Rome Bishop of St. John de Lateran Rome formerly the Capital of the finest greatest and most considerable Empire of the Universe was once the Mistress of the better part of the World famous for excellent Men who have surpassed others in Valour in Piety in Justice and Temperance It has had in its beginning Kings Consuls and Emperours the Papists call it Rome the Holy by reason of the Residence of the Popes We may say it has few Equals if we consider its Antiquities Churches Palaces and Curiosities Tuscany has three principal Cities Florence Siena Pisa formerly as many Republicks Florence the Capital of this State renowned upon the account of its Beauty is large and very populous The Palace of the Great Duke has fine Pictures Jewels of great value several Rarities Lucca fortified with eleven regular Bastions is famous for its Silks and Olives The Head of this Republick is a Gonfalonier or Chief-Standard-Bearer whose Charge lasts but two Months The Kingdom of Naples is the greatest State of Italy it belongs to the King of Spain who pays for it every Year a white Hobbey to the Pope with seven thousand Ducats The Spring is there so long and so full of Flowers the Autumn so loaded with Fruits that it is esteemed a Paradise The City of Naples is the abode of several Gentlemen which makes it be called the Gentile It is situated so advantagiously that it seems an abridgment of all the Beauties of Italy There are few Cities in Europe who have so many Churches and so many Cittadels as has Naples Germany GErmany has very fertile Provinces and a great number of fine Cities The Corn Fruits Salt and other Commodities afford a very considerable