Wing of the Confederates Army being over-powered by the French who were much Superior to them in number his Royal Highness the Duke of Savoy commanded a Retreat which was executed in very good order the Germans carrying Seven or Eight Pieces of Cannon along with them and the Spaniards Five or Six The French got the Victory yet was their Loss greater than that of the Confederates for their Army which before the Battel consisted of 36000 Men was by their own Confession reduced to 30000. That of the Duke of Savoy consisted of 22000 of which they found but 5500 missing viz. 1500 of the Emperor's Troops as many of his Majesties of Great Brittain and Duke of Savoy's Forces and 2500 of the Spaniards The most considerable Loss of the Confederates was Duke Schomberg who having done Wonders at the head of his Regiment received a Mortal Wound of which he died 13 days after CHAP. III. The County of Nice THis County lies between the State of Genoa and part of Piedmont on the East Bounds the Mediterranean Sea called here Mare di Genoa or Riviera di Ponente on the South Provence in France on the West and Piedmont on the North. This Country is for the most part rough and mountainous Quality yet it is so well manured that they have little need of their Neighbours only some Places are defective in Wheat which they are supplied with from Piedmont and Provence It is divided into Six parts viz. The Vicariates of 1. Nice Bish Cap. 2. Barcelonnette 3. Solpello 4. Puerin The Counties 5. Bueil 6. Tende To which we may add the Principality of Oneglia incircled in the State of Genoa which belongs to the Duke of Savoy and that of Monaco which belongs to its own Prince The most Remarkable places in the County of Nice are Nice Bish Cap. Villa Franca Monaco Princip Oneglia Princip Tende Barcellonette I. Nice Nice Lat. Nicia is seated upon the Shore of the Mediterranean Sea at the foot of the Alps with a capacious Haven and one of the strongest Castles in Europe between the River Vas and Villa Franca It has the Title of an Earldom and Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ambrun and was Built by those of Marseilles and probably took its Name from some Victory they obtained against the Ligurians The City at present is great splendid and populous it has a Cathedral three Parishes one College and several Religious Houses The Amphitheatre that is still to be seen here with the Inscriptions of other Roman Monuments are abundant Testimonies of the Antiquity of this City It belonged to the Earls of Provence till 1635. when Queen Joan left it to Lewis II. Duke of Savoy with the County belonging to it and has ever since been Subject to that Family till the Year 1691. when it was taken by the French In 1543. Nice was taken by Francis of France and by the Turks under Barberosse who appear'd before it with 200 Sail but neither of them was able to take the Castle It stands 68 Miles S. of Pignerol 78 almost S. of Turin and 72 S. E. of Ambrun Long. 26 d. 52 m. Lat. 43 d. 18 m. II. Villa Franca About three Miles East of Nice is Villa Franca a Town and strong Castle now Subject to the French who took it in 1691. It has a large Port on the Mediterranean Sea III. Monaco Monaco or Mourges is a Principality between Nice and Oneglia composed of three little places viz. Monaco Roccabruna and Menton The access to Monaco is difficult and the Castle is Built on a steep Rock washed by the Sea where the Port is It is the Monaecium or Herculis Monoeci Portus of the Latins This Principality under the Protection of France belongs to the Family of Grimaldi Monaco stands Eight Miles E. of Nice Long. 27 d. 4 m. Lat. 43 d. 17 m. IV. Oneglia Oneglia is a Sea-Town and Principality incircled in the State of Genoa and belonging to the Duke of Savoy This Territory consists of a very pleasant Valley extreamly fruitful in Olive-Trees Wine and all other sorts of Fruits The City was Bombarded by the French in 1692. It stands 42 Miles E. of Nice Long. 27 d. 45 m. Lat. 43 d. 28 m. V. Tenda Tenda is a small Town with a good Castle in the County of Nice and the Head of a Territory of that Name It stands on the River Rodia in the Appennine 25 Miles N. E. of Nice and 19 S. of Coni. VI. Barcelonnette Barcelonnette or Barcelonne Lat. Barcelona and Villa Barcelonae is a Town and Valley formerly of Provence but now belonging to the County of Nice It was Built in 1231. in the time of Raimundus Berengarius the Fifth of that Name Count of Provence who called it so in Memory of Barcelona in Catalonia whence his Predecessors came into Provence others say it was Built before but being ruined by the Wars was Rebuilt by Raimundus It stands 42 N. W. of Nice CHAP. IV. Montferrat Lat. Monsferratus MOntferrat lyes betwixt Piedmont on the North and West the State of Genoa on the South Bounds Extent and Milan on the East It s Extent North and South is about 65 Miles and about 36 East and West This Country is Mountainous in most Places yet it is exceeding fruitful in all things Quality and comprehends near 200 either Boroughs Castles or Towns with the Title of Marquisate and Dukedom This Province was formerly part of Lombardy History It has had particular Lords since the beginning of the Tenth Century The Emperor Charles V. gave it to the Duke of Mantua notwithstanding the Duke of Savoy's and the Marquiss of Saluces's Claim to it which caused the War of Montferrat begun in 1613. after the Death of Gonzague II. Duke of Mantua Divers Treaties as of Verceille in 1614. of Ast in 1615. of Pavia in 1617. could not end this War which was like to inflame all Italy but at last a Peace was happily thus concluded at Queiras in 1613. Victor Ame Duke of Savoy had that part of Montferrat on this side of the River Po and beyond the Tever and the rest of the Province was yielded to the Duke of Mantua who sold the Capital City and Important Place of Casal to the French King in 1681. Monferrat is divided into four parts viz. 1. The Territory of Casal Casal Bish Cap. 2. The Territory of Trino Trino 3. The Territory of Alba Alba. Bish 4. The Territory of Acqui Acqui Of these the first is under the French the second and third under the Duke of Savoy and the last under the Duke of Mantua Article I. French Monferrat THE only place under the French in Monferrat is Casal Casal or Cazal of St. Vas Lat. Casale or Bodincomagus is seated upon the Po between Turin and Valence and is one of the strongest Places in Italy Pope Sixtus IV. made it a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan in 1474. at the solicitation of William Paleologue Marquiss
Long. 22 d. 44 m. Lat. 50 d. 24 m. V. Bouchain Bouchain Lat. Bochonium and Buccinium is situated upon the left Bank of the Scheld betwixt Valenciennes and Cambray It is a small Town but well Fortified and has a very good Castle It is the Capital of the County of Ostervand which in Times past belong'd immediately to the Eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault it belongs to the French ever since 1676. and stands 10 Miles S. W. of Valenciennes and 28 W. of Mons. VI. Soignes Soignes is a small inconsiderable Town on the River Senne Eight Miles N. E. of Mons. VII Roccles Roccles is also a small open Town Eight Miles almost N. E. of Mons. VIII Quesnoy Quesnoy is a small Town but pretty considerable for its strength Subject to the French since 1654. It stands Seven Miles S. E. of Valenciennes and 18 S. W. of Mons. IX Bavay Bavay is a little Town about Six Miles S. W. of Mons. X. Maubeuge Maubeuge is a strong rich little Town on the River Sambre 10 Miles S. of Mons. XI Beaumont Beaumont is a little Town Nine Miles E. of Maubeuge and 15 S. E. of Mons Subject to the French and demolish'd by them in 1691. XII Landrecy Landrecy Lat. Landrecium seated on the Fountain of the River Sambre is small but strongly Fortified and Famous for the Sieges it has endured The Emperor Charles V. Besieged it in 1542. for Six Months with 150000 Men and retired from it at last without success By the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. it was left to the French It stands 15 Miles S. W. of Maubeuge and 23 S. of Mons. XIII Avesnes Avesnes is a pleasant and well Fortified Town upon the River Hepre in le pays entre Sambre Meuse it was granted to the French by the Pyrenaean Treaty and stands 10 Miles S. of Maubeuge and 30 W. of Cambray XIV Chimay Chimay seated on the River la Blanche or the White is at the entrance of the Forests Six Leagues from Avesnes notwithstanding what it has suffered by the almost continual Wars it is now very well re-establish'd and has a fine Castle It stands 21 Miles S. E. of Maubeuge XV. Marienburg Marienburg stands on the River Blanche it derives its Name from Mary of Austria Queen of Hungary and Governess of the Low Countries who Built it in 1542. It s situation is so advantageous that it was look'd upon as impregnable Yet the French took it and kept it by the Pyrenaean Treaty and have since dismantled it It lyes 29 Miles S. E. of Mons. XVI Philippeville Philippeville was Built by the same Queen Mary of Hungary in 1555. and called by the Name of King Philip. Besides its Situation that is naturally strong it was excellently well fortified to oppose the French who are Masters of it now according to the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands 11 Miles W. of Charlemont 15 S. of Charleroy 20 S. W. of Namur and 24 S. E. of Mons. Places of Hainault belonging to the Spaniards I. Lessines LEssines or Lessin Lat. Lessina is a small City on the River Dender famous for the Manufactory of Linnen it stands 18 Miles N. of Mons 20 almost W. of Brussels and 22 S. of Ghent Long. 23 d. 8 m. Lat. 50 d. 50 m. II. Aeth At h or Aeth is not very large but Beautiful Rich and well Fortified seated upon the River Dender It was taken by the French in 1667. and confirmed to them by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle but restored to the Spaniards in 1678. by the Treaty of Nimeguen It stands on the Borders of Flanders 14 Miles almost N. W. of Mons. III. Enghien Enghien or Anguien is a small place on the Borders of Brabant and Flanders noted for its Manufactories of all sorts of Tapestries and for being the first Barony of the Provinces which gives the Title of Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon It stands 16 Miles N. of Mons. Two or three Miles S. of Enghien is the Village Steenkirk by the River Senne and Famous for the Battel that was fought there betwixt the Confederates Army and the French in 1692. The loss of Men was almost equal but the French carried the Day IV. Halle Halle is a small dismantled Town on the River Sennes plundered by the French in 1691. It stands 21 Miles almost N. E. of Mons. V. Braine-le-Comte Braine-le-Comte is another small inconsiderable Town nigh the Borders of Brabant between Brussels and Mons 13 Miles off the former and 14 off the latter VI. Fontain or l'Evesque Fontain or l'Evesque is also an inconsiderable Town of Hainault on the Borders of Namur 16 Miles E. of Mons. Article XI Of Cambresis Lat. Cameracensis Ager CAmbresis is bounded on the North and East with Hainault on the West with Artois Bounds and on the South with Picardy It s Extent South-East and North-West is about 30 Miles Extent and West about 16. This Country is very fruitful in all things except Wine Quality and has a Castle called Castle Cambresis where in 1559. there was concluded a Peace between Spain and France which last gave 98 considerable Places for St. Quentin Ham and Catelet The Chief Rivers here are 1. Scheld which washes Crevecoeur and Cambray Rivers and runs into Hainault 2. Selle which washes Castle or Chateau Cambresis and runs into Hainault 3. Sambre which goes through a little part of this Country and runs into Hainault The Cities or Walled Towns are but Three in number viz. Cambray Archb. Cap. Crevecoeur Chateau Cambresis Which are all under the French I. Cambray Cambray Lat. Cameracum seated upon the Scheld is great fair well Built and one of the strongest Towns of Europe with Two Cittadels in it Some Authors write that Camber King of the Sicambrians was the Founder of it Claudion King of France Conquered it in 445. and afterwards it fell to Charles the Bald in 843. and 870. after the Death of Lothaire II. and sometimes after it became the Subject of War between the Kings of France the Emperors of Germany and the Counts of Flanders Baldwin I. Count of Flanders took it and gave it to his Son Raoul The Emperors declared it a free Town but for all that the French never quitted their Claim to it In 1542. Francis I. of France consented it should be Neuter but the Emperor Charles V. took it the Year after and kept the Inhabitants in awe by a Cittadel Built at their own Expences It changed Masters some time after when the Duke of Alencon Brother to King Henry III. was made Count of Flanders in 1582. He was also Master of Cambray and left it to John Montiu Sieur of Belagny who soon after join'd himself to the League and afterwards made Peace with Henry IV. who made him Prince of Cambray and Mareschal of France in 1594. but the Spaniards surprised this Town and forced him to deliver them the Cittadel the 9th of October 1595. The Inhabitants
acknowledged Philip II. of Spain but the Archbishop made such Complaints and shewed such Reasons that the King was satisfied with being Master of the Cittadel and Protector of the Country and left all other Jurisdiction to that Prelate The Spaniards Fortified this Town very well and kept such a strong Garison in it that it was look'd upon to be impregnable Yet the King of France took it in 1677. The great Cittadel is upon a heighth which commands all the Town the Ditch is wrought in a Rock The Ramparts of the Town are also Environed with deep Ditches chiefly to the East defended with many good Bastions It reaches to the River and has another good Fort to defend it of that side which lying low may be soon drowned by drawing the Sluces The Chapter of this City is one of the most considerable of the Low Countries consisting of 48 Canons and 95 Ecclesiasticks which Officiate in our Lady's Church It 's affirmed that Diogenes a Grecian by Nation was the first Prelate of Cambray sent into France by Pope Siricius about 408. Pope Paul IV. made it an Archbishoprick in 1559. upon the Request of King Philip of Spain and the Bishopricks of Arras Tournay St. Omer and Namur were given for Suffragants The Archbishops take the Title of Dukes of Cambray Counts of Cambresis and Princes of the Empire The Streets of this Town are wide and very neat and the chiefest and richest end in a great Place where the Town-house is Built and has a very curious Clock There are also very good Manufactures as Cambray and especially of many sorts of Linnen that bear the Name of the City It stands 34 Miles S. W. of Mons 40 N. E. of Amiens and 94 almost N. of Paris Long. 22 d. 24 m. Lat. 50 d. 51 m. II. Crevecoeur Crevocoeur is a place of no great Moment on the River Scheld nigh Four Miles S. of Cambray III. Chateau-Cambresis Chateau-Cambresis is another inconsiderable Town of Cambresis on the River Selle 15 Miles S. E. of Cambray Article II. Of the County of Artois Lat. Artesia ARtois borders Picardy on the South The Boulonnois on the West Bounds The County of Flanders on the North and the Cambresis on the East It s Extent Extent South and North West is about 55 miles and about 40 West and East It is exceeding fertile in all sorts of Corn but more particularly of Wheat Quality which it produces in such a measure that this Province serves as a Granary to a great part of Flanders and Brabant It has in it twelve Cities or Walled Towns Cities 850 Villages Villages c. nine Chattelenies or Castlewards and several Abbeys and Monasteries The Chief Rivers in this Province are Rivers 1. Scharpe which here washes Arras and runs into Flanders nigh Douay 2. Lys which here washes Aire and St. Venant and runs into Flanders 3. Aa which here washes Reutly and St. Omers and runs into Flanders 4. Canche which washes Hesdin and runs into France Artois was subject to the Romans and afterwards to the Kings of Austrasia History and Government since whose times it has often changed Masters Lewis the XIth King of France made himself Master of Arras in 1477. after Charles the Bold or Rash Duke of Burgundy but Mary of Burgundy this Charles's Daughter brought it into the House of Austria marrying Maximilian the 1st of Austria Father of Philip I. and Grandfather of Charles V. and Ferdinand I. Francis the I. of France was forced by the Peace of Madrid in 1529. to quit Artois to the Spaniards which was afterwards possessed by Philip II and III. But the French re-conquered it under Philip IV. Son of the last who yielded it 'em by the 35 Article of the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. reserving to himself the Towns of Aire and St. Omer since taken by the French so that they are now Masters of all this Province The most remarkable places in Artois are Arras Bish Ch. Cit. St. Omer Bish Bapaume Hesdin Bethune St. Venant Aire Priory Therouane Lens Avesne le Comte Liques Pernes I. Arras Arras Lat. Rigiacum or Origiacum is seated on the Scharpe with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Cambray This is a very ancient City St. Vast who died in 540. was its first Bishop Lewis XI of France made himself Master of it in 1493. but restored it afterward to the Emperor Maximilian The Spaniards fortified it so as to think they had rendred it impregnable whereupon they caused the Emblem of some Rats running after Cats to be carved on the Frontispiece of one of the Gates of this City with these two boasting verses Quand ces Rats prendront ces Chats Les Francois prendront Arras That is When these Rats shall catch these Cats Then the French shall take Arras This Prophecy proved false for the Mareschals of Chaune Chatillon and La Meilleraye laid Siege to and carried it in 1640 after they had defeated the Cardinal Infanta that came to relieve the Place And the French leaving the said Emblem upon the Gate did but take away the P in the word Prendront of the second verse which quite alters the signification of the Motto as Quand ces Rats prendront ces Chats Les Francois rendront Arras That is When these Rats shall catch these Cats Then the French shall yield Arras The Spaniards sate before it in 1654. but were beat off with great loss so that it still belongs to the French who have made its Fortifications very strong and regular It is a place of large circumference well Peopled Rich and Trading The Streets are broad and fair adorned with a spacious Market-place Here is also a beautiful Cathedral a very wealthy Abbey and a strong Castle This City stands 20 miles almost of Cambray 30 N. E. of Amiens and 92 N. of Paris Long. 21 d. 55 m. Lat. 50 d. 20 m. II. St. Omer St. Omer in Latin Fanum Sancti Audomari and Vrbs Audomarensis lies on the River Aa in the Country of the Ancient Morins with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cambray St. Omer or Audomarus Bishop of Therouan built this City in 660. And Foulques Abbot of St. Bertin began to encompass it with Walls in 880. which was afterward finished by Baldwin II. Sirnamed the Bald Earl of Flanders in 902. who also joined the Abbey of Sithieu to the City Afterwards Therouan being demolished in the XVI Century there were instead of it founded two Bishopricks in 1559. viz. that of Bologne and of St. Omer Near to this City is a Lake containing several small floating Islands Inhabited by certain Families that never marry but among themselves without going out of these Islands which they make to go too and fro at pleasure either with Cords or Poles St. Omer is a great and fair City well fortified having on the one side the River and Marshes and on the other side is defended by a strong Castle with good Bastions and deep
and broad Ditches In 1639. the French besieged it but in vain About 1596. Philip II. of Spain founded here a College for English Jesuits endowing it largely they have since purchased Watton Cloyster which is within 2 Miles of St. Omer a very pleasant place and worth 500 pound per annum The Duke of Orleans the French Kings Brother took this Town in April 1677. after the Battel of Cassel and by the Peace of Nimeguen it was yielded to the French It is a Rich Trading City and remarkable for the Abbey of St. Bertin in which it is not lawful for Women to enter during life nor to be buried after St. Omer stands 17 miles S. of Dunkirk 21 E. of Boulogne and 36 N. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 22 m. Lat. 50. d. 52 m. III. Bapaume Bapaume is a very strong little Town the French took it in 1641. and it was left to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands on the borders of Picardy 14 miles almost E. of Arras and 15 S. W. of Cambray Long. 22 d. 5 m. Lat. 50 d. 9. m. IV. Hesdin Hesdin or Hesdinfert Lat. Hesdina or Hesdinum is a fortified Town on the River Canche and Frontiers of Picardy formerly situated a League from the Place where it stands now for it was ruin'd during the Wars between Francis I. and Charles V. and rebuilt by Emanuel Duke of Savoy the Emperors General in 1554. in a place called Mesnil Therefore called Hesdinfert alluding to the old Motto of the House of Savoy F.E.R.T. It enjoys a very good situation and is a very regular Exagon so well contrived and fortified that it is accounted one of the strongest Holds of Flanders yet it was taken by the French and yielded to them by the Treaty of the Pyrenees It stands 25 miles South of St. Omer Long. 21 d. 20. m. Lat. 50 d. 27 m. V. Bethune Bethune is the chief Town of the County of that Name it stands on the small River Biette It is a very good place pretty well fortified here are two Fairs which bring it a considerable Trade The French took it 1645. and it was yielded to them by the 35th Article of the Treaty of the Pyrenees Anno 1659. It has produced several great Men who have been Dukes Peers and Mareschals of France and done their Kings great service in the Wars It lies 18 miles N. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 46 m. Lat. 50 d. 38. m. VI. St. Venant St. Venant Lat. Fanum Sancti Venantii is a small Town on the River Lies It was taken by the French in 1669. and formerly a place of strength but now much neglected It stands 26 miles S. of Dunkirk and as many N. of Arras Long. 21 d. 39 m. Lat. 50 d. 44 m. VII Aire or Arien Aire is a very strong Town with a good Castle on the Frontiers of Flanders within three Leagues of St. Omer The River Lys runs through it it has fine Churches especially the ancient Collegiate Church called St. Peters to which Baldwin Count of Flanders added 14 Prebendaries in 1604. The French took this place in 1641. after a memorable Siege but it was quickly after retaken by the Spaniard It was again taken by the French in 1676. under the command of Mareschal D'Humieres It stands 25 miles S. of Dunkirk 28 N. W. of Arras and 26 E. of Boulogne Long. 21 d. 30 m. Lat. 50 d. 41. m. VIII Therouan or Terouane Therouane Lat. Teruana or Cicutus Morinorum was the Capital of the Ancient Morins It had formerly a Bishops See Suffragant of Rheims It was lookt upon as an impregnable place But Pontus de Laillan Lord of Bugnicourt took it in 1553. for Charles V. who ordered it should be demolished so that now there are but few Inhabitants who are subject to the King of France It stands on the River Lys five miles W. of Aire and nine S. of St. Omers Long. 21 d. 23 m. Lat. 50 d. 41 m. IX Lens Lens Lat. Lentium Nemetacum is a small Town upon the River Souchets formerly pretty well fortified but some years since slighted and dismantled The Prince of Conde gave the Spaniards a great overthrow here in 1648. and afterwards took the Town which was left to France by the 35th Article of the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands nine Miles N. of Arras and 15 W. of Doway Long. 21 d. 57 m. Lat. 50 d. 28 m. X. Avesnes le Comte Avesnes le Comte is but a small Town on the Frontiers of Picardy very much ruined by the Wars It stands eight Miles S. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 40 m. Lat. 50 d. 14 m. XI Liques Liques is a small Town on the Borders of Picardy seven miles W. of St. Omer and 12 almost S. of Calais Long. 21 d. 12 m. Lat. 50 d. 53 m. XII Pernes Pernes is also a small Town seven miles W. of Bethune 9 S. of Aire and 20 N. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 33 m. Lat. 50 d. 34 m. There are some other small inconsiderable Towns in Artois such as St. Paul Mont St. Eloy Renty Dire or Drien c. THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT II. The Course of the Rhine CHAP. I. Description of the River Rhine in general THE Rhine Lat. Rhenus has its Sources in the Alps in Mount Adula or St. Gothar Source in the Country of Grisons or Rhaetia two or three Leagues from the Fountain of the Rhone It springs from two Fountains the one called Veder Rhyn or first Rhine and the other Hindes Rhyn or the se second Rhine which join both together This River begins to be Navigable near Chur in Switzerland Course and entring into the great Lake of Constance it passes to Schaffouze and Basil from thence it runs into Alsatia and increasing by the Waters of many great Rivers it Waters the Palatinate of the Rhine The Archbishopricks and Electorates of Mayence or Mentz Treves or Triers and Cologne or Ceulen then the succession of Cleves and Juliers And finally it enters the Low-Countries at the Fort Schenk where it divides into two Branches whereof the one called Vahal runs through Nimeguen Tiel and Bommel and joining with the Meuse it looses its name The other branch takes its course towards the North almost as far as Arnheim where it separates into two parts whereof the one called the Yssel passeth to Doesburg and Zutphen and discharges it self into the Zuyder-zee The other Arm which since the year 860 has formmed a new Course by the over-flowing of the Sea is called Lech and runs not by Vtrecht and Leyden as it did then but to Wyck Cullemburg and Newport and finally dischargeth it self into the Merwe and from thence into the Ocean This River fam'd by the Greek and Latin Writers History is without doubt the greatest in Europe next the Danube and noted for the excellent Wine which grows on its Banks called Rhenish-Wine The Etymology of its name is variously discoursed of by Authors
Town and their over-great Love of Liberty by refusing 500 men the Emperor offered them for their security The old Fortifications of this Town were but a double Wall and a Fausse-braye so that it was not capable of making a long resistance but the French have fortified it very strongly There is a Cittadel built on that side that goeth to the Rhine and towards the Bridge there is a Horn-Work that runs a great way There are also two small Forts at the two chief Gates which lead toward Alsatia so that in case of a Revolt they can cut off all Communication with the Country There are also Forts in some Islands of the Rhine and some Redoubts so that all round this place there is one of the greatest Fortifications in Europe The Capitulations made with the French have not been hitherto well observed yet there is not above 200 Romish Converts This City is already sunk in its Trade and will sink more when the Fortifications are finish'd There is an University founded by the Senate in 1538. Strasburg stands 55 miles N. of Basil 140 W. of Ausburg 64 S. E. of Heidelberg and 70 E. of Nancy Long. 27 d. 26 m. Lat. 48 d. 28 m. II. Selestad Selestad or Schlestad situated on the River Ill was formerly free and imperial and of the Government of Haguenaw but now belongs to the Crown of France left to it by the Peace of Westphalia Its Fortifications were demolished in 1673. but new built in 1675. so that it is now a place of considerable strength It stands 21 Miles S. of Strasburg III. Weissemburg Weissemburg or Cron Weissemburg to distinguish it from Weissemburg in Bavaria is situate upon the River Luter in the Territory of Wasgow towards the Borders of the Palatinate of the Rhine Dagobert King of France built here a celebrated Monastery in 623. which in 1496. was chang'd into a College By the Peace of Munster this Place was granted to France In 1673. it suffered much by the Germans but is now rebuilding It stands 24 Miles N. of Strasburg IV. Landaw Landaw Lat. Landavia is situate upon the River Queick in the Confines of the Palatinate and Territory of Wasgow It was yielded to France by the Peace of Munster The French having plunder'd most Towns of the Palatinate and a great part of Schwaben In 1688. laid the booty up here where all was burnt by an accidental Fire May 1689. This place stands 13 Miles W. of Philipsburg and 16 S. of Spire Long. 27 d. 50 m. Lat. 49 d. 3 m. V. Molsheim Molsheim is a little Town on the River Brenche eight Miles W. of Strasburg the residence of the Prebendary of Strasburg VI. Saverne Saverne Lat. Taberna Alsatiae is seated at the foot of some Mountains near the Frontiers of Lorrain upon the River Lor in the Road that goes to Strasburg It is the usual residence of the Bishop of Strasburg who is Lord of it Near this place Anthony Duke of Lorrain defeated the Lutherans in 1525. It stands 16 Miles nigh W. of Strasburg VII Haguenaw Haguenaw Lat. Hagenoa is seated on the River Mater scarce two Leagues from the Rhine and about three N. from Strasburg it was an Imperial City and the Chief of the lower Alsace before it fell to the French The Emperor Barbarossa first Walled it about in 1164. and built a Palace therein Being seated in a Sandy unfruitful Soil the old Landgraves of Alsace did chiefly resort thither for the Conveniency of Hunting The other places of lower Alsace such as Seltz Ober Ruheim c. are not of great consideration Remarkable Towns of Vpper Alsatia I. Colmar COlmar Lat. Colmaria and Columbaria or according to others Argentuaria is an Imperial Town under the French and the Capital of Upper Alsace upon the River Ill. The Duke of Weymar assisted by the Troops of France made himself Master of this Town in 1633. but this Duke dying Colmar was yielded to the King of France by the Negotiation of the Mareschal of Guebriant and confirm'd upon him by the 47 Article of the Treaty of Westphalia where it is named amongst the Imperial Towns of Alsace Yet afterwards during the Wars of 1674. it was demolish'd and abandoned It It stands 13 Miles W. of Brisac 28 N. of Basil and 33 almost S. of Strasburg Long. 27 d. three m. Lat. 48 d. V. Ensisheim Ensisheim is a small Town once Imperial but now subject to the French 13 Miles S. of Colmar III. Ruffach Ruffach Lat. Rubeacum is a small Town upon the River Roltback in the Territory of Mundal once an Imperial and Free City but taken by the Mareschal of Turenne in 1675. after a great defeat of the Imperialists It 's one of the ancientest Towns in Alsatia and was for the fertility of its Soil for five hundred years the Seat of some of the Roman Nobility It stands 10 Miles S. of Colmar Munster Marbach Keibersperg c. are small Towns of little moment Remarkable Towns in Suntgaw I. Ferrete FErrete Lat. Ferreta which the Germans now call Pfirt stands 22 Miles W. of Basil with the Title of a County It was resigned to the French by the Pacifications of Munster and the Pyrenees II. Hunningen Hunningen is a Village a quarter of a League below Basil situated on the Rhine which the French have render'd very remarkable for the strong Castle they have lately erected there and which gives no little Umbrage and Jealousie to the Swissers This Fort is a regular Pentagon with Lodgings for 3 or 4000 Men Good Ramparts a large Ditch Horn-works Half-Moons and other Outworks Here is also a Bridge over the Rhine lodged partly on an Island which is fortified with an Horn-Work so that it is now one of the strongest Places in Europe being seated in a great Plain and commanded by no rising ground III. Mulhausen Mulhausen on the River Ill was once an Imperial and Free City but in 1515. Leagued with the Swissers and united to Suntgow It stands 13 Miles N. W. of Basil and 17 S. of Colmar but heretofore belonged to Alsatia Remarkable Towns in Brisgaw I. Brisac BRisac Lat. Brisacum or Brisacus Mons stands on a rising ground on the right Bank of the Rhine which has there a fine Stone Bridge This place is esteemed one of the strongest places of Europe whether its Situation be considered or what Art has contributed to render it regular so that some Authors call it the Cittadel of Alsatia Gustavus Horne a Suede made an attempt on this City in 1633. after his great advantages over the Imperialists but the Duke of Feria broke his Measures and threw succours into the Place The Duke of Weymar being sick at Newemburg near Brisac in 1639. the Marquiss of Guebriant possessed himself of this and the other Places which were left to the French King by a Treaty the year following and which have been yielded by the 47th Article of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. and confirmed again by the 60th Article of
Charleroy Charleroy Lat. Carolo-Regium is a Town and Fortress built upon a Mountain near the Sambre and Pieton it was but a Borrough called Charnoy until the Spaniards fortified it in 1666. and called it Charleroy from Charles their King The French took it the year after and kept it by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle The Dutch and Spaniards attempted this Town twice in vain the first time in 1672. and the second in 1677. But in the year 1678. it was yielded to the Spaniards by the Treaty of Nimeguen In 1692. the French Bombarded this Place In 1693 they sat down before it with a numerous Army the Marquiss de Villeroy carrying on the Siege and Luxemburg covering him so that King William of Great Brittain and the Elector of Bavaria not being strong enough to attack them they carried the Town by surrender after a gallant defence by the Marquiss de Castillo the Governour who held out against them 27 days open Trenches and capitulated on honourable Terms October 1. 1693. Charleroy stands 14 Miles W. of Namur and 26 S. of Brussels Long. 23 d. 42 m. Lat. 50 d. 28 m. III. Charlemont Charlemont Lat. Carolo-Montium is a small Town with a good Fortress built by Charles V. in 1555. upon the Top of a Mountain with strong Bulwarks and other regular Fortifications The Meuse runs at the bottom of this Mountain below Givet and affords the Town a great Trade This Town has been in the Hands of the French ever since 1680. It lies 20 Miles S. of Namur Long 24 d. 10 m. Lat. 50 d. 12 m. IV. Bouvines Bouvines or Bouvignes Lat. Bovinae and Boviniacum was environ'd with Walls in 1173. by Henry the Blind Earl of Namur after which the Countess Yolande granted it the Rights and Priviledges of a City In 1154. it was taken by the French It was afterwards retaken by the Spaniards But the French are Masters of it again It is but a small Town and of no great strength and is only considerable for its being a Pass between Namur and Luxemburg It stands on the Meuse about two Miles off Dinant and 12 S. of Namur Long. 24 d. 12 m. Lat. 50 d. 18 m. V. Flerus Flerus is but a Village yet very remarkable for the famous Battel that was fought here in 1690. in which the French got the better of the Confederates It stands almost six Miles N. E. of Charleroy and 10 W. of Namur Long. 23 d. 55 m. Lat. 50 d. 32 m. Article IX Of the Dukedom of Luxemburg THE Dukedom of Luxemburg is one of the XVII Provinces belonging of old to the Treviri Bounds it has on the East the Bishoprick of Triers from which it is separated by the Mosel On the North the Dukedom of Limburg and Liege On the West the Meuse which separates it from Champagne and Namur And on the South Lorrain It s Extent South and North is about 52 Miles Extent and West and East about 60. The West part of it is barren but abounds with Game that towards the East abounds in Corn Quality Minerals Quarries of Stone and yields Wine in some places The Chief Rivers here are 1. Moselle which here washes Mazieres Thionville Remich and Warserbillick Rivers and runs into Germany 2. Ourt which washes Hofalize La Rocke Durbuy and runs into Liege 3. Sour which washes Dietkick and Ethernack and falls into the Moselle Luxemburg at first had the Title of Earldom only but was made a Dukedom by an Emperor of the House of Luxemburg History It has about 20 Walled Towns Towns and 1200 Villages which are all under the French since 1684. that they took the Capital The House of Luxemburg is one of the most Noble Families of Europe for it has produced Five Emperors whereof Three were Kings of Bohemia and has been possessed of great Estates in Germany and France It has also yielded Six Queens and many Princesses The most ancient of this House that we have knowledge of was Sigefredus youngest Brother of Godfrey Earl of Verdun who by Exchange got the Castle of Luxemburg of Wiker Abbot of St. Maximinus of Trier April 17. 963. whence he took his Sirname and the Title of Earl which he left to his Posterity This Family afterwards became very considerable about the XIIIth and XIVth Centuries and was divided into Three Branches viz. That of 1. Luxemburg Ligni of 2. Luxemburg Brienne S. Paul and Pinci the Heiress of which Branch the present Mareschal of Luxemburg Married but he himself is descended of the Earls of Bouteville tho' he calls himself Francis Henry of Montmorency and has taken the Arms of that House The third Branch is that of Luxemburg Fiennes and Martigues which is also extinct The most remarkable Places here are Luxemburg Cap. Thionville Esche Virton Ivoix Montmedy Stenay or Altenay Damvilliers Maisiers Durbuy Bastoigne Vianden Arlon I. Luxemburg Luxemburg Lat. Luxemburgum or Augusta Romanduorum or Luciburgum is situated upon the River Else one part of it on a Hill and the rest in a Plain There is a very strong Castle and several regular Fortifications It has a Convent of the Order of St. Francis in which lyes Buried John King of Bohemia Father of Charles IVth Emperor of Germany slain by the English at the Battel of Cressy in 1346. This City has suffered much by the Wars between the French and the Netherlands In 1529. Charles V. took it from Francis I. of France In 1542. it was taken and sacked by the Duke of Orleans and retaken and treated in the same manner the Year following It is now under the French who took it in 1684. and have so much added since to its Fortifications as to render it almost impregnable It stands 18 Miles S. W. of Trier 31 N. of Metz 52 S. of Limburg and 100 S. E. of Brussels Long. 25 d. 34 m. Lat. 49 d. 41 m. II. Thionville Thionville Lat. Theodonis Villa upon the Moselle is so advantagiously situated and so well fortified that it has passed a long time for impregnable The Duke of Guise took it in 1558. but it was afterwards delivered to the Spaniards The French were beat before it in 1639. but they made themselves Masters of it in 1643. and kept it by the Pyrenaean Peace It was in this Town that Charlemagne generally assembled the Prelates and Barons of his Kingdoms as in 806. when he divided his Possessions between his three Sons This Town stands 13 Miles S. of Luxemburg Long. 25 d. 32 m. Lat. 49 d. 29 m. III. Esche Esche is but a small inconsiderable Town 10 Miles S. W. of Luxemburg IV. Virton Virton is another small Town about 22 Miles W. of Luxemburg V. Yvoix Yvoix is a small but pretty strong Town on the River Chier 33 Miles W. of Luxemburg VI. Montmedy Montmedy is a Place of no great bigness yet it is reckon'd a Place of considerable strength It is very conveniently situated upon the top of a high Hill the
he had Frederick the Vth. who was Chosen King of Bohemia in 1619. but Dethroned after the Battel of Prague in 1620. and his Territories were given to the Duke of Bavaria with the Dignity of Elector He died at Mentz in 1632. leaving behind him three Sons by Elizabeth Daughter of James the First of Great Brittain viz. Charles Robert and Edward Robert commonly called Prince Robert and well known in England was Created Duke of Cumberland and Died without Legitimate Issue Edward Died a Papist at Paris in 1663. leaving three Daughters by Princess Ann of Mantua one of them viz. Anne Married to the Prince of Conde Charles had part of his Fathers Inheritance restored to him by the Peace of Munster in 1648. and a Eighth Electorate was Created in his behalf viz. that of the Palatine of the Rhine and the Upper Palatinate remained in the Duke of Bavaria's Hands The Elector Charles Married Charlotte Daughter to the Landtgrave of Hesse Cassel by whom he had Charles and Elizabeth Charlotte who was Married to the Duke of Orleans only Brother to King Lewis the XIVth of France Charles Succeeded his Father in the Electorate and in 1671. Married Wiellielmine Ernestine Daughter to Frederick the IIId King of Denmark He died in 1685. without Issue and was Succeeded by Philip William Duke of Newburg a Popish Prince In 1688. and 1689. The French entered his Territories and laid most part of them wa st on pretence of the Allodial Claim'd by the Dutchess of Orleans Sister to the late Elector who died without Issue This Country is divided in two viz. the Palatinate properly so called and the Dominions of several particular Princes adjoining to it The Palatinate properly so called where are Heidelberg Cap. Manheim Frankendal Openheim Caub Creutznach Newstat Keiserslautern Bacharach Simmeren Earld Ingelheim Places adjoining to the Palatinate and Subject to several Princes Spire Imper. Bish Wormes Imper. Bish Philipsburg to the French Darmstat Landgraviat Deux-Ponts Dutchy Birkenfeld Earld Mont-Royal Remarkable Towns in the Palatinate of the Rhine I. Heidelberg HEildelberg Lat. Heilderberga which some think to be the Budoris of the Ancients is Metropolis of the Palatinate of the Rhine seated at the foot of an Hill on the Neckar over which it has a Wooden Bridge it is said to have formerly belonged to the Bishoprick of Worms but was granted to Lewis Count Palatine in 1225. It was enlarged by Robert Count Palatine who was Chosen Emperor in 1392. And Rupertus Count Palatine Founded an University here in 1346. This Town is large fair well Built and well Peopled and the usual Residence of the Elector who had a Noble Magnificent and Strong Castle here till the French blew it up in the present War when they were forced to leave it contrary to the Capitulation with the Dauphin in 1688. The Town-House and the Churches of St. Peter and the Holy Ghost are stately Buildings The Wine of this Place is much esteem'd The Castle is also Famous for a great huge Tun commonly called The Tun of Heilderberg The University has great Priviledges one of which is Power of Life and Death over all that belong to it without Power of Revocation or Infringement in the Prince himself This University has been Famous for many great Men and had one of the best Libraries in Europe which Count Tilly sent to Rome in 1622. after he had taken the Town which suffered extreamly in the late German Wars It was taken by the French in 1688. and a little while after burn'd and abandon'd In 1693. Heidelberg was Betrayed to the French King's Troops under the Command of Mareschal De Lorge the City laid in Ashes the Tombs of the Dead Princes and Princesses inhumanely Destroyed and their Corps exposed the Garrison and Inhabitants Cruelly Butchered and the Women after Protection brutishly Ravish'd Part of the Garrison flying to the Castle Capitulated A little while after Heidersdorf the Governour being Condemned to Death by a Council of War at Hailbron was Reprieved but degraded of the Teutonick Order led about the Imperial Camp in a Cart buffetted in a disgraceful manner by the Common Hangman treated with the heighth of Ignominy then Banished and Cudgelled to Death by the Peasants after he was let go by the Executioner Heidelberg stands 13 Miles N. E. of Spire 22 S. E. of Worms 18 N. E. of Philipsburg and 48 almost S. of Francfort Long. 28 d. 27 m. Lat. 49 d. 17 m. II. Manheim Manheim is seated on the Confluent of the Rhine and the Neckar It was taken and ruined by the Spaniards in the beginning of the XIIIth Century but was Rebuilt and handsomly Fortified by Charles Lewis Elector Palatine It was taken and abandoned by the French in 1689. and since that time they have intirely ruined it in a most Barbarous manner It stands 11 Miles almost N. W. of Heidelberg III. Frankendal Frankendal Lat. Franchendalia formerly no more than an Abbey afterwards a Place of Refuge for the Belgian Exiles about 1574. now a new City which was well Fortified scarce a League distant from the Rhine afterwards taken by the Spaniards and restored to the Elector Palatine by the Pacification of Munster but in the present War most cruelly laid in Ashes by the French It stands 18 miles N. W. of Heidelberg VI. Oppenheim Oppenheim Lat. Oppenhemium a small City Imperial and Free until it was granted with its Territory to Rupert Prince Palatine by the Emperor in 1402. It stands upon a Hill near the Rhine 11 miles almost S. of Mentz and 17 N. of Worms The French put a Garrison into it in 1688. and have Ruin'd it since V. Caub Caub is a little Town with the Castle of Gudenfelts on the Rhine against which in the middle of the River is the Castle of Pfaltz whence some but falsly would have the Princes Title of Pfaltzgrave derived VI. Creutznach Creutznach is a little Town on the small River Nake with a strong Castle Subject to the French since 1688. It stands 20 Miles almost S. W. of Mentz VII Newstat Newstat is a small Town seated on the River Spirebach Eight Miles N. of Landau and 15 almost W. of Spire and Philipsburg It is now Subject to the French VIII Keiserslautern Keiserslautern Lat. Caesaropolis is upon the River Lauter near the Dutchy of Deuxponts the French call it Caseloutre they took it in September 1688. under the Marquis of Boufflers after they had been repulsed in two several Storms It stands 28 Miles almost S. W. of Worms 32 W. of Spire and 40 almost S. of Mentz IX Bacharach Bacharach is a small Town on the Rhine once Free and Imperial now belonging to the Elector Palatine It stands 22 Miles W. of Mentz X. Simmeren Simmeren Lat. Simmera is the Capital City of a little Province of the same Name bearing the Title of Earldom This little Place is adorned and strengthned with a very considerable Castle It belongs to the Elector Palatine but is now Subject
Chambery 120 N. W. of Turin 120 S. W. of Basil 210 S. E. of Paris and 450 N. W. of Rome Long. 25 d. 38 m. Lat. 46 d. 4 m. II. Annecy Annecy Lat. Annecium is a pretty large Town at the foot of the Mountains of Saymenoz and upon a Lake of the same name The Lake is unfathomably deep four Leagues long and half a League broad and gives rise to the River Tioud which Waters Annecy by divers Channels This Town is the Residence of the titular Bishop of Geneve since 1535. has several Churches and Monasteries and the Houses are built upon Arches so that People may walk in its Streets by any Weather This City stands 22 miles S. of Geneva and 26 N. of Chambery Long. 25 d. 32 m. Lat. 45 d. 37 m. CHAP. II. Piedmont Lat. Pedemontium THE Principality of Piedmont lies betwixt the Milanese and Montferrat to the East Bounds the Republick of Genoa and the County of Nice to the South Extent Savoy and Dauphine to the West and Velais to the North. It is in length about 114. Miles and in breadth 80. This Country was formerly comprehended in Gallia Sub-alpina History and afterwards in Lombardy The Taurins Salassians Segusians Libicians and several other people did heretofore inhabit it But yet it is not well agreed upon how it came to be the possession of the Duke of Savoy The Duke's Eldest Sons bear the Title of Princes of Piedmont It is very considerable for its fertility good Air and the Wealth of the Inhabitants it abounds with Corn Wine Fruits Venison Cattel Hemp Minerals It contains besides Baronies and Lordships 15 Marquisates 52 Earldoms and 160 Walled Towns or Castles This Province may be divided into ten parts viz. 1. The Dukedom of Aost Aost Bish 2. The Principality of Masserene Masseran 3. The Seignory of Verceils Verceils Bish 4. The Marquisate of Ivrea Ivrea Bish 5. The County of Asti Asti Bish 6. Proper Piedmont Turin Archb. Cap. 7. The Marquisate of Susa Suza 8. The Marquisate of Salusses Salusses Bish 9. The Valleys of the Vaudois 10. French Piedmont Pignerol Article I. The Dukedom of Aoste Lat. Ducatus Augustanus THIS Dutchy lies at the foot of the Alps betwixt Valais on the North The Valleys of Sesia and Lordship of Verceil to the East Canavese and Piedmont proper to the South And the County of Tarentaise to the West It is the Country of the ancient Salassi comprehending six large Valleys besides that from whence it is named which the River Doere divides in the middle It is thought that this Dukedom was annexed to Savoy by the Marriage of Count Odon Son to Humbert I. with Adelais of Susa Widow of Hermannus Duke of Suabia in 1030. The remarkable Places here are Aoste Bish Cap. La Sale Morges Issogne Villeneuve St. Martin Chatillon I. Aoste Aoste Lat. Augusta Salassorum or Augusta Praetoria is so called in Latin either as being built by Augustus or else as being a Roman Colony It is a Bishop's see under the Archbishop of Tarentaise and has a Triumphal Arch raised by Augustus remaining almost entire besides a Colossus and several other Monuments of Roman Grandeur This City is 50 Miles E. of Turin and was the Birth-place of the famous Saint Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury Article II. The Principality of Masseran THIS is a small Territory within the Lordship of Verceils the only place of Note here is Massesaw subject to its own Prince who is of the House of Ferrari and is Protected by the Pope The Town stands upon a Hill 18 N. E. of Ivrea 22 N. W. of Verceils and 37 almost N. E. of Turin Long. 27 d. 48 m. Lat. 45 d. 10 m. Article III. The Lordship of Verceils THIS Lordship lies between Montferrat Ivree and Milanese and is exceeding fertile and well-peopled The places of Note here Verceils Beile Sautia c. I. Verceil Verceil Lat. Vercellae is situate upon the River Sesse with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Milan It has a good Castle a Cittadel and several Fortifications fine Churches and a famous Hospital This City flourished under the Romans but has had several Masters since their time for it has been a Common-Wealth afterwards under the Dukes of Milan and since under those of Savoy The Spaniards took it from the latter in 1638. but it was restored again by the Peace of the Pyrenees It stands 12 Miles N. of Casal 40 almost N. E. of Turin and as many West of Milan Long. 28 d. 17 m. Lat. 44 d. 50 m. II. Beile Beile is a small Town in the Seigniory of Verceil and the head of a Territory belonging to the Duke of Savoy It stands on a Hill 8 Miles W. of Masseran and 32 N. of Turin Long. 27 d. 43 m. Lat. 45 d. 3 m. Article IV. Marquisate of Ivrea THIS Marquisate lies between the Lordship of Verceil to East The Dukedom of Aost to the North the Marquisate of Suse to the West and part of Montferrat to the South The only place of Note here is Ivrea Bish Cap. Ivrea Lat. Eporedia is upon the River Doriabalta with a Bishop See under the Archbishop of Turin and a Marquisate belonging to the Duke of Savoy This City according to the Opinion of some Authors was Built two Years before the Birth of our Saviour in the Country of the Ancient Salassi and gave its Name to this Marquisate which formerly was so famous under Berengarius who contended for the Empire with the French descended from the Kings of Arles Anscharius was Marquiss of Ivrea which came under the Dominion of the Duke of Savoy in 870. This City is of great importance to the Duke of Savoy having a good Castle and other Fortifications It has been an Imperial City but the Emperor Frederick II. and William Count of Holland gave it to Thomus II. in 1242. And in 1344. John Marquiss of Montferrat yielded to Amadaeus VI. the Right he had to it It stands 22 Miles N. of Turin 29 E. of Susa and 32 W. of Verceil Long. 27d 33 m. Lat. 44 d. 55 m. The Canavese Between the City of Ivree and the River Po is the Country called Canavese which was heretofore part of Montferrat but now belongs to Piedmont since it was left to the Duke of Savoy by the Treaty of Querasque in 1631. There are no considerable Places in it Article V. The County of Asti THis County is incircled in Montferrat and has but Two Remarkable Places viz. Asti and Verua I. Asti Asti or Ast Lat. Asta is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Milan This City is seated on the River Tanare large and well fortified with a strong new Castle and Cittadel The County formerly depended upon the State of Milan but in 1531. Charles V. gave it to Charles III. Duke of Savoy It stands 16 Miles S. W. of Casal and 26 E. of Turin Long. 28 d. 2 m. Lat. 44 d. 28 m. II. Verua Verua lyes upon an Eminence and
is very well fortified The Spaniards laid Siege to it but to little purpose in 1625. It stands upon the Frontiers of Montferrat and the Banks of the Po 16 Miles N. E. of Turin Article VI. Proper Piedmont Piedmont properly so called lyes between the Montferrat on the East the Republick of Genoa on the South the Marquisate of Salusses on the West and the Marquisate of Suse and part of Montferrat to the North. The Principal Towns and Cities here are Turin Archb. Cap. Mondovis Bish Ceve Marq. Fossano Bish Rivoli Carignan Princip Vigon Savillano Coni Quieras Quiers Moncalier Orbassan I. Turin Turin Lat. Taurinum or Augusta Taurinorum is seated in a vast Plain having the River Po on the right and the Doire on the left It is the Residence of the Dukes of Savoy who have spared nothing to render it one of the pleasantest and strongest Towns of Italy It is adorned with a Senate a Chamber of Accounts an Archbishops See and an University There is the Old and New City with good Bastions Walls and Out-works The Duke's Palace is very Ancient and Magnificent especially the Gallery which is finely Embellish'd with a great number of Paintings Statues Arms Manuscripts and other Rarities There is also to be seen the Genealogies of the Dukes of Savoy the Coelestial Signs very well represented and 30000 Volumes in the Library There are also several other Beautiful Palaces in the Town with a great number of Noble-Men that form the Duke's Court which is one of the most Polisht of Europe The Streets are fine the Houses well Built the Churches very Magnificent The Cathedral is that of St. John which boasts of having many Relicks especially our Saviour's Winding-sheet There is a strong Cittadel flank'd with Five good Bastions and Built by the pattern of that of Antwerp Turin stands 20 Miles nigh E. of Pignerol 78 almost W. of Milan 100 almost E. of Grenoble and 120 S. E. of Geneva Long. 27 d. 26 m. Lat. 44 d. 34 m. II. Mondovis Mondovis Mondovi or Mondevi Lat. Mons Vici or Mons Regalis is seated at the foot of Mount Apennin two Leagues from the River Tanare with a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Turin It is large and the best Inhabited of all Piedmont after Turin There is an University and a Cittadel Built in 1573. by Emanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy on a Hill which produces fine white Marble This City stands 27 Miles S. of Turin III. Ceve Ceva is a little Town and Castle Eight Miles S. E. of Mondovi It is the Capital of the Country of the Langhes and has the Title of a Marquisate The Country about is full of Game especially Pheasants and Partridges IV. Fossano Fossano Lat. Fossanum is seated on the River Stura with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Turin erected by Gregory XIII It stands 24 Miles S. of Turin V. Rivoli Rivoli is a small Town on the River Dora about 7 Miles W. of Turin It has a very Sumptuous Castle VI. Carignan Carignan is situated upon the Po over which it has a fine Bridge with the Title of Principality It has a strong Castle and its Soil abounds with Mulberry-Trees for the Silk-worms Thomas Francis of Savoy Fifth Son of Charles Emanuel first of that Name Duke of Savoy and Catharine Michelle of Austria bore in this Age the Title of Prince of Carignan He was great Master of France and died in 1656. In 1625. he Married Mary of Bourbon Daughter to Charles of Bourbon and begot on her Joseph Emanuel John who died in 1656. Eugen Maurice Count of Soissons Annudeus Ferdinand Charlotte Christine both dead young and Louise Christine Married to Ferdinand Maximilian Carignan was taken by the French in 1691. and retaken in the same Year by the Duke of Savoy It stands 8 Miles S. of Turin VII Vigon Vigon is a little but fortified Place by the River Chison 13 Miles S. W. of Turin VIII Savillano Savillano or Savigliano Lat. Savilianum is a great Town upon the River Magra under the Duke of Savoy between Fossano to the East and Salusses to the West six Miles from either and 22 S. of Turin It is the Head of the Territory that bears its Name and has a very pleasant and advantageous Situation between two Rivers which renders it capable of being made very strong wherefore also Philibert Emanuel Duke of Savoy thought to make it the Capital of his Dominions IX Coni. Coni Lat. Cuneum is a strong Town and Castle Situated upon a Hill at the Confluent of two little Rivers the Stura and Ges It s Situation renders it naturally strong It held out against Francis I. but in 1641. the Count De Harcourt under Lewis XIII made himself Master of it Lewis the XIVth was not so Successful in 1691. for he was forced to raise the Siege This Town stands 35 Miles S. of Turin X. Quieras Quieras is a small but strong City situate upon a Hill by the River Tanare It was there that in 1631. a Peace was made between France the Empire the Spaniards the Duke of Savoy and that of Modena This Town stands 30 Miles S. E. of Turin XI Quiers Quiers or Chieri is very strong by its Situation It was formerly a fine City and a Republick but is now Subject to the Duke of Savoy This Place is very famous for the Fustians that are made there and for the Seed its Soil furnishes the Dyers withal The Count of Harcourt won a Battel near it from the Spaniards It stands Seven Miles almost E. of Turin XII Moncalier Moncalier is a small Town upon the Po nigh Four Miles S. of Turin XIII Orbassan Orbassan is a little Village Six Miles S. W. of Turin remarkable by the Battel fought near it Octob. 4. 1693. See Pignerol Article VII The Marquisate of Susa THis Dutchy Borders the County of Morienne in Savoy to the North Piedmont proper to East and South and Mount Genevre to the West The only Place of Note here is Suse Suse Lat. Susa Capital of the Marquisate of the same Name is upon the River Doere at the foot of the Alpes Cottiae now called Mount Cenis and Mount Genevre which separate Piedmont from Dauphine Some Learned Men take this to be the place where Augustus Erected his Trophy fourteen years before the Birth of our Saviour the Inscription being still to be seen on a Triumphal Arch in this City But others place it at the foot of the Maritime Alps near to a place called Tourbie by a corruption of the word Trophie and is confirmed by a piece of Stone on which are seen part of the Letters composing these words Gentes Alpinae Devictae with the Names of some other Nations Some are of Opinion that Augustus caused the same Trophy to be Erected in two several Places and so endeavour to reconcile both these Opinions The Sepulchre of Cottus whence the Cottian Alps take their Name was to be seen in this Town The adjacent Country abounds with Wine