the Astrologer Gauricus he answered her the Kings head would be endangered by a Duell Others say the very night before his misfortune the Queen had the manner of his death presented in her dream But some who wisely observed not without admitation of Divine justice that the King who in the beginning of his Reign gave way to a serious Duell between two young Gentlemen of great families and with the Lords of his Court sate to behold it should in an unfortunate mock Duell loose both his life and Kingdome Howbeit he was then penitent for the fact and had made a vow never after to allow of any more such fighting and if in this last Tournament he sinned in the vain ostentation of his strength no doubt but he abundantly redeemed it in that admirable and Christian constancie of his soul in her extreamest agony Sure he had contributed much to the religious meekness of the French if he had buried this barbarous Recreation in his tomb This year that I may enlarge my History a little was fatall if we may so call it to many and great Princes that dyed one after another especially since no contagion reigned among the People very few vulgar corpses being then buried yet in the compass of one year most of the Lords of Europe were entombed There dyed the Emperour Charles the fifth and Henry the second of France Christian King of Denmark and Christiern also King of Denmark the last onely surviving four and twenty dayes Queen Elianor sister to Charles the fifth married first to Emmanuel King of Portugall then to Francis the first of France Mary who followed her brother Charles the fifth within less then a moneth and a Queen of England of that name and Bona Sfortza mother to Sigismund Augustus King of Poland the other two were wives to Kings one to Lodowick of Hungary the other to Philip the second of Spain There died Pope Paul the fourth attended by the funerals of ten Cardinals two Princes Electors the Archbishop of Cullen and the Prince Palatine Laurentius Priulus Duke of Venice and Hercules Este Duke of Ferrara not to name inferious Princes whose continued Obsequies filled the Annual Register so as that season seemed to be Deaths greater Harvest when he cropt the heads of Nations as Tarquin struck off the Poppy-heads King Philip therefore having now concluded a Peace departed with his Queen from Savoy into Italy for King Henries death had altered no part of the agreement and before his going into Spain to take possession of his Kingdomes he thought it best to settle not onely the Civil and Military but likewise the Ecclesiasticall State of the Low-Countreys Belgica by Forreiners called Flanders from the noblest part of it and the Low-Countreys from the low situation or as the Germans will have it from affinity with their language and manners is known by the name of the lower Germany it is indeed a little parcel of Europe as not much exceeding the fifth part of Italy nor above a thousand miles in compasse yet I hardly know any Countrey more rich or populous The Prince making as much of Flanders as the Kings of England set by the revenues of the Church used to do of that large Island It containeth Cities or Towns equall to Cities above three hundred and fiftie great Villages to omit the lesser above six thousand three hundred besides Forts that stand so thick as if the ground were sown with them Yet the ingeniousness of the People and their contrivance is such as their variety and plenty of manufactures are more then can be used in the narrow bounds of this one Nation The world hath not a more industrious richer or constanter Militia so as Mars seems here to set up school and teach the Art of War to people that come hither from all climates Then what unknown sea-coasts and Regions beyond the Line hath not the Hollander discovered as much as Nature by Land contracts their limits so much by Sea have they opened to themselves larger Countreys which they have subdued and peopled extending as it were the Suburbs of the seventeen Provinces The Cloth and Stuff they make not onely fill as great as it is all Europe but far and wide through every Nation of Africa and Asia they daily bear about the Low-Countreys Nay the West-Indians trucking for their Linen and Woollen have learned the names of the Low-Countrey cities To conclude we seldome at this day admire the workmanship of any Engines which the Low-Countrey men have not either invented or brought unto perfection Heretofore their wits were indeed kept under and depressed when their fortune was as low as their Countrey Now there is an other age and other manners Their love to learning their skill in Sea-fights their gainfull trade of Navigation the well-ordering of the Common-wealth by themselves created their stupendious Fire and Water-works proofs of no dejected natures are scarce any where to be matched I am sure so many together are not to be seen in all the rest of Europe as in this little plot of the Low-Countreys It is likewise proper to this Nation if left to themselves to hate fraud and by that credit which they know they themselves deserve to measure others They are not greatly taken with presents at least not long using benefits like flowers that please while they are fresh their sense of injuries is the same which they presently forget and easily pass over unless they conceive themselves sleighted then their fury is implacable They have likewise a shrewd guess of their own strength seldome undertaking any thing they do not compass Yet no people under heaven drive on a subtiler traffick either by Sea or Land inhabiting both the Elements and not obliged by the Laws of either In this they exceed that how great soever their gains or losses are a Common case with Merchants they passe it over with so little and dull a sense of joy or grief as you would think them factours for others not owners of the goods I suppose out of the native temper of their minds and the air of their Countrey that quickens them with colder spirits But in maintaining their liberty they are very fierce for they hold it an honour to undervalue all things in respect of that wherein they sometimes come nearer to licentiousness then liberty The whole Region of Belgica is divided according to their own calculation into seventeen Provinces which not long ago were either by affinity or traffick or arms associated under the Government of one Prince Philip was the first of all the Dukes of Burgundy under whose protection many more Belgick Provinces put themselves then ever submitted to any other For Burgundy Brabant Flanders Limburgh Lucemburgh Artois Haynolt Namurs Holland Zeland Frizeland the Marquisate of the sacred Empire were solely in his possession To these his sonne Charles
his resolution But those Censurers were mistaken The Monastery of S. Justus Sex Aur. Vict. in Caius Czs. The Emperours new habitation Febr. 1557. His family and how accommodated His contempt of the world How be disposed his time His riding to take the air His gardening His making of clocks or watches Jannell Turrianus whose Mathematicall inventions be much delighted in His extraordinary care of his soul. Joseph Seguenza in the History of his Order l. 1. By the Bull of Julius 111. 1554. Marc. 19 He disciplined himself His whip reverenced by his son Aug. 30. 1558. Immediately he falls sick Barthol Miranda Soon after he died Sept. 21. 1558. His funerals ushered with Prodigies in heaven Observed by Ian. Turrionus present at the Emperours death And in earth How long he reigned Diverse reasons commonly given for his resignement The new Kings first care The Duke of Savoy made governour of the Low-countreys The Truce between France and Spain broken Febr. On what occasion Thuan. l. 22. Decemb. The French invade the Low-Countreys Ferdinand of Tolledo Duke of Alva Iune 1557. Aug. 1550. The Spaniard first was conquerour at S. Quintins Presently after the French recovered Caliâ—e Ian. 1558. The Spaniard hath another victorie at Graveling Fortune seconds valour Iuly 1558. The womens crueltie to the French A Treatie of peace between the Kings Concluded by mediation of the Dutchess of Lorain At Cambray the Peace-making city April 1556. To the generall contentment Charles the V. Francis the I. Aug. 1529. Alice the Kings mother and Margaret the Emperours aunt The Peace confirmed by marriage Of the King of Spain to the French Kings daughter The King of France his sister married at the same time to the Duke of Savoy A Tournament at the wedding Where the King is victor Gabriel Count de Mongomary but soon after wounded Dies July 2. 1549. His death foretold Luc. Gaur Thus. l. 22. Lod. Guicciard l. 3. The history of the Netherlands 1559. Anonym in that Hist. Thua l. 3. 22. Vidus Cavocius Francis Vivonus The judgement of prudent men upon the Kings fate A strange conjuncture this year of Princes funerals King of Rome Of Belgium or the Low-countreys It s Name 〈◊〉 Greatness Wealth Guicciardine in his description of the Low-countreys Cities Towns Villages Forts Militia Navigation Trade of clothing Inclination Adv. Jien in his Tract of Holland attributes it to the air they live in The Character of a Low-countrey man Belgium divided into 17 Provinces Which come to one Prince three wayes Philip the Good had them by affinity Meyer l. 17. Charles the Souldier by Purchase and the Sword Pont. Heut l. 1. But he lost some of them Paulus Aemil. l. 10. and Pont. Heut l. 2. Part Maximilian recovered by arms The same Authour in the same book and lib. 5. Part by Treaty Guic. lib. 1. 4. 8. Belcar l. 8. Charles the fifth possessed himself of all together Pont. Heut lib. 11. and 9. The same l. 11. and Meter Guic. lib. 16. and Pont. Heut lib. 11. And though to have made a Kingdom of them Guic. Meyer Why he did not The distribution of the Provinces 1546. 1556. The government whereof King Philip gave to the Lords Lucemburgh to Count Mansfield 1559. Namure to Count Barlamont Lymburgh to the Count of East-Frizeland Haynolt to John Lanoi Lord of Molembase But he shortly after dying it was bestowed on the Marquess of Berghen Flanders and Artois to Count Egmont French-Flanders to John Momorancy Tournay to his Brother Florence Holland and Zeland to the Prince of Orange 1559. Frizeland and Overysell to Count Arembergh Gelderland and Zutfen be as then assigned to no one But afterwards he sent from Spain a Patent to Count Megen to be Governour of both Marc. 25. 1560. And another to the Prince of Orange after the death of Vergius Jan. 16. 1559. to govern Burgundy Brabant reserved for the Supream Governour of the Low-countreys The ordering of the Militia Especially of the Horse Whose troops were famous througout Europe Their Commanders The Admirall Generall of the Ordinance The disposition of Bishopricks whereof there were onely four in all the 17 Provinces Many therefore had wished their number might be encreased Which Charles the fifth went about to do The reason why he desisted His son Philip attempts it Treats about it with the Pope Concludes with him Fourteen Bishopricks were to be added to the four former Whereof three Archbishopricks The men chosen for those Dioceses Of the Governour of the Low-countreys Various conjectures as is usuall with the people who should be the man The major part conceive Count Egmont will be elected a man of much same and merit Many think the Prince of Orange will carry it a man of greater power and wealth Not undeserving But he doubts a repulse Christierna of Lorain is also designed for the place With generall approbation But Margaret of Parma is preferred before them all What hindred Count Egmont What the Prince of Orange What Christiern of Lorain Cic. l. 2. de Oratore Of Margaret of Parma Her Mother Her mothers Parents Education Perfections The Emperour falls in love with her Delivered of Margaret Anno 1522. whom Cesar conceals for her mothers credit and his own But at last it was discovered The Infant is sent to be educated by the Emperours Aunt And afterwards by his sister 1530. Her disposition Her delight in hunting 1496. Cesar promises her in marriage to the Duke of Florence Breaking the match intended with the Prince of Ferrara 1516. 1529. Francisc. Maria Feltrio The Florentines labour to break the match But in vain The Nuptials celebrated at Naples Soon after at Florence With a strange Omen 1536. Her husband slain the same year 1537. His successour sues to Cesar for Margaret But he casts his eye on the house of Farneze And marries his daughter to Octavio Farneze Francisco Maria Feltrio With whom at first she corresponded not 1541. But afterwards He was indeared to her By means of his Absence and Hazzards 1545. Her love to him increased See the ninth Book Not without some instrvening jarres Her masculine spirit And manly exercises She was of a ready wit Wonderfull discreet And religious Especially at the Eucharist Her yearly Charity to the poor Which juncture of excellencies principally moved the King to make her Governess of the Low-countreys A second Cause thereof A third A fourth more secret perhaps more true The King after her instructions gives her a pension And in a Chapter of the Knights of the Golden Fleece 1516. 1433. 1429. He declares her Governess And commands to them Religion and Obedience Hears the Estates Requests And grants them Then his Majestie goes into Spain The Dukâ—â— of Savoy into Italy The Dutchess of Parma to Bruxells The Kings unseasonable departure out of the Low-Countreys before a perfect settlement was made The like inconvenience in Spain when Charles the fifth went from thence to Germany 1520. The Causes why writers differâ—
any man or plunder of any house though the Wealth of the Towne was a great Temptation their Contumacy meriting Destruction The Generall went to their Court and first according to his Instructions disarmed the Townsmen and tooke from the City their Cannon which were 50 and all the rest of their Munition Then he caused Inquiry to be made for the Boutefeu's and Ringleaders of the Rebellion with the Hereticall Preachers and immediately laid 36 Principall rebels by the Heels but could not take any one Minister for they were slipt out of the Towne though the Ports had presently been shut up or guarded with Souldiers but being apprehended at St Amands they were brought back and committed to prison Afterwards the Citisens were beheaded their Teachers and some of their Souldiers hanged Lastly the Magistrates and Treasures and all other publique Officers were removed from their places their Charter and Priviledges forfeited till the King pleased to restore them The Governesse writing all these Particulars to the King and annexing a List of the Commanders and Souldiers Names that had done most gallant Service in the Siege humbly craved Leave to remunerate their Valour and Fidelity out of Delinquents Estates that the Souldiers might reap the Fruit of their Victory and Modesty and others be taught their duty Valenciens being in this manner settled and all consecrated Places restored to their pious Vses the Bishop of Arras likewise sent for out of Artois and eight Companyes charged vpon the Towne that He might keep the people in the feare of God and they in Obedience to the King it was wonderfull to see what a glorious name Norcarmius had got and what an alteration it made among the Rebels and Hereticks of all degrees when they heard Valenciens was taken insomuch as it was commonly reported that in this one Town were found the keyes of all the other Cityes In the meane while her Excellence receiving a new expresse signifying that Ferdinand of Toledo Duke of Alva was to come a little before his Majesty Whilst in the Lowcountryes all went as well as she could wish she thought it best to press what she had long since designed a Protestation from the Magistrates and all Officers of Peace and Warre wherein they should sweare without exception to obey any that should bee appointed in the Kings name Which she did not to sound any ones mind for she could well distinguish the Kings Friends and Enemyes nor in hope to oblige the Vnfaithfull which she knew was not to be done by any Tye but that shee might with lesse envy displace such men as should refuse the Oath or put them to death if they broke their Faith by which meanes the King at his coming might finde all parts of the Lowcountryes pacifyed The Governesse set this afoote in the begining of the yeare and acquainting the Senate with it told them she would take it as a speciall Service if the Lords would give Example which the rest would easily follow The first that Voted for it and promised to take the Oath was Peter Ernest Count Mansfeldt then the Duke of Areschott and the Counts Egmont Mela and Barlamont who afterwards performed what they then promised But Henry Brederod whom the Governesse by expresse Messengers and afterwards by Letters vrged to take this Oath of Allegeance as he that was both the Kings Subject and a Commander under him of a 100 horse of those 1400 raised for the Saftety of the Provinces a great while kept off at last because he was commanded to lay downe his Commission complaining that he was unworthily and injuriously dealt with refused the Oath and sent back the Horse The Oath was likewise refused but with more Civility by the Counts Hochstrat and Horne because they said they had sworne their Allegeance some yeares before and that they hoped was sufficient Hochstrat was at Antwerp Lieutenant Governour there for the Prince of Orange who was then in Holland and from this City gave Orders for Machlin whereof he was Governour in his owne right Therefore her Excellence that had long had an eye upon Hotchstrat as a man not to be trusted gave away the Government of Machlinâ—o â—o the Lord Semer one that was sound in Religion and Fidelity and wrote to Hochstrat how she had provided for that City which the Gheuses having lately had a plott upon it required a Governour that should be there resident Hochstrat as if he Vnderstood not the Governesses Anger lest he should seeme likewise sensible of his owne Offence in his Answer gave her infinite thanks that she had then eased him of that burden only whether he should lay down his Commission before the Senate of Machlin or by Letter signify so much unto them he expected her Highnesses Commands and if she further pleased to substitute another at Antwerp in absence of the Prince of Orange he should take that also for a speciall Favour But writing to Count Mansfeldt he layd aside dissimulation For when the Governesse had returned that she better liked his writing to the Machliners about the Resignation of his Government that Count Mansfeldt at the same time wrote him a Letter to the same effect counselling Hochstrat as his Kinsman for they were married to two Sisâ—ers of the Momorancyes Hochstrat to Elionor and Mansfeldt to Mary by all meanes to pacify the Governesse he answered jeeringly That he was much bound to him who having so many Imployments whereby he much eased the Dutchesse in her Government could yet descend so farre as to thinke of his poor Kinsman and to Vouchsafe him his Advise which Advise notwithstanding he needed not knowing well enough what was to be done In the meane time he joyed him of those great Imployments which shortly would be increased beyond his ambition by the coming of so many Whelps out of Spaine and Italy The businesse with the Prince of Orange went slowlyer on and with more trouble For he refusing the Oath among other Passages wrote to the Governesse that she would please to appoint a Governour for Holland Zeland and Burgundy since he understood it was the Kingâ—s Pleasure that he should resigne This held the Governesse in Suspense because she was not willing he sould declare himselfe an Enemy before she had sufficient Forces to subdue him She therefore sent to Antwerp Iohn Baptista Bertius her Secretary that found the Prince of Orange onely imployed about his private Occasions and having presented his Letters of Credence from the Governesse He made it appeare by many Arguments that the Prince of Orange's determination to resigne his Commands could not be approved either by the Governesse or any of the Lords not only because it would be disadvantageous to the Lowcountryes and dishonourable to the Prince of Orange himselfe but likewise because such kind of Governements confer'd by the
for contribution from both But I conceive by that Site he intended the Security of the Fort it selfe For when all the Levell between that and Holland lyes so much lower that the River is kept off by huge Piles of wood lest it should overflow the Fields and Villages it had been very inconsiderate to have fortified where the Enemy tearing up the Wood-piles the very water would have besieged the Place and have forced it to yield To which danger it is not subject being seated on the higher ground Though afterwards when the Low-countreys were divided and Holland brought into the power of the Enemy that fell out which was not at first thought of the Advantage of bringing into the Fort Supplyes out of the Provinces in obedience to the King of Spaine At the same time from the councell of Twelve nominated by Alva to determine without Appeale the causes of all Delinquents in the late Tumults by reason of their frequent Sentences of Death called the Councell of Bloud William Nassau Prince of Orange Anthony Lalin Count Hochstrat Florence Pallantius Count Culemburg William Count Bergen Henry Brederod and the other Lords fled out of the Low-countreys were upon Alva's command summoned to heare their Accusations and Impeachments read by the King's Advocate and to cleare themselves of the crimes charged against them But they presently sending a Paper to the Duke of Alva wherein they denyed his Councell to be a lawfull Court of their Companions of the Golden Fleece held it their safest course at a distance to defend their Common cause The Prince of Orange made suite to the Emperour Maximilian and implored his and the German Princes Assistance that by their Authority the Difference wit the Duke of Alva might be composed Unlesse perhaps he did it that under pretence of making his Peace the Spaniard might not looke into his preparations for a Warre Nor did Caesar or the Princes of the Empire deny their Patronage to the Low-country-men But the Duke of Alva answered to the Letters written by Maximilian and to the Duke of Bavaria's Embassadour whom the rest of the German Lords as one respected by the King had chosen to represent their Desires to the Governour that he did not this of himselfe but by command from the King and so hastning their cause to a Hearing yet expecting the number of dayes given for their Appearance when within that time none of them came in the Duke of Alva according to the power deputed to him by the King in that case to heare and determine pronounced the Prince of Orange his Brother Lewis and the rest that were summoned by Edict guilty of High Treason and confiscated their Estates Likewise he put a Spanish Garrison into Breda a Towne of the Prince of Orang'es and taking his Son Philip-William a Child of thirteene yeares old from the Vniversity of Lovaine where he was a Student sent him into Spaine where under the name of Catholique Education the name of Hostage was concealed This the Prince of Orange seemed passionately to resent execrating with continuall and publique Exclamations the cruelty used to a boy of thirteen whom neither his own Innocence nor the priviledges of the Vniversity of Lovaine could protect from Injury Yet many upon very good Grounds conceived his Son's Captivity was pleasing to this subtill Prince measuring all things by his own Advantage For if the King of Spaine prevailed and consequently he himselfe should lose all he had yet his Majesty might be mercifull to the boy bred up a Spaniard but if as he hoped it should otherwise fall out he had a younger Son Maurice Companion in his Father's Fortune and Heire to his Estate By the said Councell of twelve all such were particularly condemned as the Duke of Alva upon Examination by Inquisitours sent through the Provinces found to have violated Churches or holy Pictures or to have assembled at Sermons Consistoryes and turbulent meetings or to have conspired against the King either by wearing Cognizances and owning the names of Gheuses or by taking Armes or lastly by assisting the Rebells with their Endeavours Counsels or Forces Yet the wiser sort thought this to be an unseasonable Course and that rather till the Heads had been cut off the Body should have been gently handled and laid in a sleepe lest if it should be in motion that agility might easily decline the blow made at the head With the like fury the Duke of Alva commanded them to pull down Culemburg-House Where the Gheuses first received their Denomination and upon the place setting a Marble-pillar writ upon the Basis as a monument to posterity in foure Languages these words In this Area stood the House of Florence Pallantius ruined in memory of the execrable Treason hatched therein at sever all times against Religion the Roman Catholique Church their King and Countrey This Spectacle was rendred more horrid by the late newes from Spaine that Prince Charles was imprisoned by the King his Father's command and that Florence Momorancy sent as you have heard into Spaine by the Governesse was by warrant from the King a Prisoner in Segovia It was thought the same objections were against him that were against his Brother Count Horne but the Prince lost himselfe by his Favours to the Low-countrey-men Indeed the Judgement upon Montiny was certainly known he being condemned a yeare after to lose his Head but the cause of Prince Charles his Death which hapned in this yeare the more uncertaine and obscure it was the more litigiously do Writers strive to examine it most men having a naturall Ambition to search into Secrets and passe by things before their eyes Whatsoever I my selfe have by my Industry discovered that concernes Prince Charles I shall impartially unfold not regarding the conceptions of others Charles prince of Spaine was of a furious and violent nature and noted to be so from his Childhood at which time being presented by some Hunters with Levorets he killed them with his owne hands that he might have the pleasure of seeing them gaspe and dye The Venetian Embassadoâ—r tooke notice thereof and from thence made a Iudgment of the Child 's barbarous inclination with as much probability as long agoe the Areopagites censured the Boy that put forth the eyes of Quailes This I have read in the Letters touching the Affayres of Spaine writt by the said Embassadour to the Senate of Venice And the Prince himselfe dayly manifested the truth of these coniectures by his cruell and monstrous disposition not being at many times Master of himselfe as the Archbishop of Rossana the Popes Nuntio affimed writing to Cardinall Alexandrino And the Child grew more headstrong by reason of his Father's absence and the indulgence of Maximilian King of Bohemia who with his Queene Mary Daughter to Charles the fifth governed Spaine for King Philip. This his Granfather Charles the
joyns with the King of Spain agianst his Low-countrey Rebels l. 5. p. 134. He denies the Spanish armie passage through the Territory of Lions l. 6. p. 26. is not perswaded by the Hugonots to fight with the Spaniards ibid. sends for auxiliaries into the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 34. which are granted ibid. fights at St. Denis l. 6. p. 35. sends Cosse Colonel of Horse to assist the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 46. A rumour that he hath concluded a peace with the Hereticks and would send men into the Low-countreys in favour of the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 73. he commands the Hugonots to be massacred l. 7. p. â—6 Charles Duke of Gelderland l. 7. p. 47 Charles Count Lalin l. 2. p. 41. l. 3. p. â—5 Carolo Largilla l. 8. p. 2 Charles Duke of Lorain l. 1. p. â—0 Charles Cardinal of Lorain l 3. p. 56. l. 3. p. 61 75. l. 7. p. â—6 Charles Mansfult son to Peter Ernest l. 4. p. 92. chidden by his father for joyning with the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. he forsakes them l. 5. p. 119. besiegeth Valenciens l. 6. p. 10. is at the battel of Gâ—mblat l. 9. p. 50. his Regiment at Bovines l. 9. p. 53. attempts Nivel and is beat off l. 9. p. 56. the King gives him money l. 10. p. 7 Charles the souldier or fighter l. 1. p. 15 Carolo Scotto a Count l. 9. p. 45 Charles Tisnac the Kings Procurator in Spain for business of the Low-countreys l. 3. p. 73 74 Casembrat vide Iohn Casimir brother to the Palsgrave vide Iohn Castaneo vide Giovanni Baptista Castile its Arms l. 4. p. 78. President of the Councel of Castile l. 4. p. 82. l. 6. p. 23 Castle in the water l. 8. p. 20 Catharine of Medices Queen-Mother of France desires assistance against the Hereticks from Philip the second of Spain l. 3. p. 57. the like from Margaret of Parma Governess of the Low-countreys l. 3. p. 60. she comes to the Conference at Baion l. 4. p. 87. the death of her sonne Hemy foretold her l. 1. p. 13 Catharine daughter to King Philip the second l. 4. p. 82 Catholicks and Luthâ—rans joyn against the Calvinists l. 6. p. 4. the Catholicks defeat the Hugonots at Moncoure l. 7. p. 64. what they think of the Duke of Alva's departure from the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 81. they consent to the Pacification of Gant l. 8. p. 21. they adhere to the Estates l. 9. p. â—7 they together with the Hereticks take the Oath of fidelity to the Arch-duke Matthias l. 9. p. 39. they are expelled the Low-countreys by the Hereticks l. 9. p. 41. their Churches possessed by the Calvinists ibid. Câ—ttey Governour of Vlussing l. 6. p. 2 Causes of the Low-countrey tumults vide Tumult Cessation of Arms l. 9. p. 49 Cetona a Town l. 8. p. 14 Chiapino Vitelli Marquess of Cetona marcheth with the Duke of Alva as his Camp-master into the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 30. defends Graninghen l. 7. p. 54. desirous to fight th' Enemie l. 7. p. 61 62. falls upon an Ambuscado l. 7. p. 60. encounters the enemie and worsts him ibid. prohihited by the Duke of Alva to move against the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 61. falls upon a Battalion of the Prince of Orange's severed from the rest p. 61. fights upon the banks of Geta ibid. hurts Coll. Loverall p. 62. wrests the enemies Colours out of the Ensignes hand p. 62. his courage commended by the Duke of Alva ibid. sent by the Duke of Alva to the Queen of England l. 7. p. 66. sollicited to revolt by Coliny l. 7. p. 73. in a rage throws Coliny's letters into the fire p. 74 goes to besiege Mens l. 7. p. 79. is wounded ibid. his bold gallantry p. 79. he takes many towns in Holland l. 8. p. 8. is made Genrall of the Zeland expedition by Requesenes p. 9. besiegeth Ziritzee l. 8. p. 13. dicth ibid. his Funeralls l. 8. p. 14. his Corps carried into his Countrey ibid. his Encomion ibid. Christian King of Denmark l. 1. p. 13 Christierne daugthter to the King of Denmark Dutchesse of Lorain makes a Peace between Spain and France l. 1. p. 12. Hath the generall wishes to be Governess of the Low-Countreys l. 1. p. 19. what hinders her p. 20. Christiâ—rn King of Denmark l. 1. p. 13 Christopher Assonvill a Senatour l. 5. p. 99. l. 5. p. 137. l. 7. p. 52 57. imployed by the Duke of the Alva to the Queen of England p. 66. his relation l. 8. p. 19. 22. he is forcibly taken out of the Senate and committed Prisoner l. 8. p. 20 Christopher Bavier sonne to the Elector Palatine General at the battel of Mooch l. 8. p. 2 3 Christopher Fabritius Apostara executed l. 4. p. 84 Christopher Mandragonio Captain of a troop of Horse l. 6. p. 30. his gallant and bold attempt ibid. he attends the Queen with his Regiment into Spain l. 7. p. 69. Generall at the wading over the sea to Goes where he raised the siege l. 7. p. 77. he takes the Isle of Zuit-Beverland ibid. defends Middelburg against the Zelanders l. 8. p. 2. forced to render it by famine ibid. how much the enemie honoured him ibid. exchanged for Aldegund p. 2. Commands in chief at Sea in the Zeland Expedition l. 8. p. 9. sayls to the Isle of Philip-land l. 8. p. 9 10. thence to Duveland ibid. foâ—rds the sea on foot to Sceldt l. 8. p. 13. the citie of Zâ—â—â—zee the Head of the Island rendred to him ibid. the mutinous souldiers choose another Generall in his place l. 8. p. 17. the courage of his wife in holding the Fort at Gant l. 9. p. 31. victorious at the battel of Gemblac l. 9. p. 51. storms Sichem l. 9. p. 54. is preserved from fire miraculously l. 10. p. 5. the King payes his pension l 10. p. 7 Chius Theâ—dotus l. 9. p. 27 Churches how they came to be plundered in the Low-countreys l. 5. 121. when the sacriledge began ibid. how it continued p. 123. how great a losse in the principall Church of Antwerp l. 5. p. 126. restored to its use p. 130. l. 6. p. 18. destruction of Churches in Flanders l. 5. p. 126. Churches granted to Hereticks l. 5. p. 130. restored to Catholicks l. 6. p. 10. seized by Calvinists l. 9. p. 41 vide Ichâ—oâ—achy l. 5. p. 125 Ciâ—câ—onio vide Pedro. Cimace the Prince l. 8. p. 19 Cimace the Town taken by assault l. 9. p. 57. the Fort rendred ibid. Cittadella a Captain and an Engineer released by the Spaniards l. 8. p. 2. vide Francesco Cities in the Low-countreys numbered l. 1. p. 14. Cities the principall of Brabant not the Nether-lands l. 5. p. 98. their immunities and priviledges l. 2. p. 28 29 30 31. They mutiny against the Spanish Garrisons l. 2. p. 28 29 30. they revolt from the King l. 7. p. 72. submit to the Prince of Orange ibid. are reduced l. 7. p. 77 Cloâ—a de
about and fight againe by degrees to fall back till they came to that part of the plaine which he had shewed to Alphonso Leva then hee gave a private Signe for the Retreate and Gonzaga with his Horse stopped the enemy by renewing of the Fight Don Iohn still sending in fresh supplies Toledo lining the hedges with his Musketeers in the meane time Leva's men gave back so happily that at first they were too quick for the eye of the confederates But when they found the Spanish Foote to be upon their Retreate then the Battaile if ever any was a fierce one and it appeared both what courage and what necessity could do The Royaalists and they were but a very few most of them Foote being now without the danger of pursuite had the Cannon turn'd upon them from the Campe and were shot at both afarre off and neare at hand Yet their valour more then the place befriending them 700. Horse alone commanded by Giovanni Baptista à Monte and his brother Camillo not only stood against many thousands that charged them but sometimes beate them back and fought in their Rankes so firmly as they forced Colonell Norreys the stoutest enemy they had that day after three horses had been killed under him to fight afoote the rest of the confederate Cavalry not too much presuming upon themselves and tired with a Fight so long doubtfull at first all the Spanish Infantry and at last the Horse in face of the Enemi's Cannon were brought safely off Among which Horse no doubt but that Troope of Camillo's merited most Commendations that was last in the field commanded by Captaine Perott being a Troope of Reformados namely Hanniball Gonzaga Flamino Delphino Giovanni Mauriquio Lepido de Romanis Laurentio Tuccio Nicolao Caesio and others only Souldiers here else where Commanders The memory of all which men for example sake should be with their names extended to posterity if I could as readily know their persons as I doe admire their valours These lest the enemy should breake in opposing themselves and crowding together like a bulwarke covered the rest of the Cavalry with such constancy and contempt of Death that when any of them fell as if a piece of a worke were beaten downe the place was presently made good by a fresh man that stood behind That which befell Lepido killed with a shot and Dolphino who going to assist him was taken prisoner could not yet deterre Caesio from taking Delphino's place either by feare of Death or of captivity till at length they themselves when all the Horse were safe left the Field last and like excellent Actors in the Tragedy of Mars came off with infinite Applause So Generall Bolduc sounding a Retreate for feare his men might fall into a Counter-Ambuscado the Battaile ended begun with farre greater preparation then it was followed by either side with Execution For in all not above 400. men miscarried the losse of both parts being in a manner equall only more of the King's Army were hurt and taken more of their's slaine And the Generalls that day merited a quite contrary censure For Don Iohn redeemed the rashnesse of fighting with his judgement in ordering the Battaile Bolduc was cautious in the beginning but losing the opportunity of pursuing with all his Forces spoyled the conclusion of his Victory Wherefore in regard of his greater prudence and valour the Prince of Parma was famed through all the Royall Army who by a miraculous foreknowledge of Events premonished them of all that concerned the expedition and when the Army was so dangerously ingaged and the rest easie to be involved in the same Ruine with like Judgement and courage fetcht them off Insomuch that truely Alexander Farneze who ever till then wrote very sparingly in his own Commendations could no longer containe himselfe but in his Letters to his Mother Margaret of Austria inserted How he could not but thinke he had that day deserved more then ordinarily of the King whose Army the nearer it was to destruction the more be merited that saved it Indeed the oldest Commanders seeing their danger that were catched in a Trappe by the Enemy openly gave them for lost so as not one would undertake to make good their Retreat whose condition they accounted desperate Therefore he held it a greater Honour to himselfe by whom it was so willingly and fortunately attempted But this only her excellence might please to looke upon as the glorying of a Souldier to his Mother and he could not but thinke it fit to give her an account of those generous Spirits she had infused into him This while Don Iohn marched with his recovered Forces towards Areschott prepared if the enemy should follow him in the Rere to fight But when the confederaces either astonished at the extraordinary confidence of the Royalists or fearing to be answered with a stratagem appeared not Don Iohn free from further care returned to Thienen having won more glory among others with taking their Townes and Campe then among his owne that had run a hazzard and well knew their danger While these things were acted in the Low-countreys at the same time the Portugâ—ses fought unfortunately upon the Coast of Africa The newes of which overthrow Prince Alexander first received from Spaine accompanied with a Relation of what exceeded the Losse of that whole Army the King of Portugal's death and therefore sending Fabio Farneze to Henry Cardinall of Briganze Uncle to King Sebastian he condoled with him out of the private interest of Affinity the publique Misfortune and withall congratulated his Succession to the Crowne presenting him a change of Affections as suddaine as that of Cloathes in a Play But now the States having recruited their Army out of Germany and France Don Iohn alter'd his opinion and hearing that Areschot was betraied the Governour whereof Mutio Pagano a valiant and faithfull man sick a-bed rose notwithstanding to quiet the Tumult and was slaine upon the place Camillo Schiaffinate a Lieutenant of an undaunted Spirit in vaine resisting He began to feare that many other Townes would be guilty of like Treason which he could not yet relieve without weakning himselfe by dividing of his Army He therefore thought it his best to dismantle some Castles slight some Garrisons and calling away the Souldiers to bring into one place all his Forces till such time as money came from the King and Recruits from Italy and Germany But instead of men and money Don Iohn receiving Letters from Spaine that commanded him to try all wayes and meanes for an Accommodation Commissioners on both sides being chosen the businesse of Peace was set a foot againe But when they had delivered to Don Iohn three Heads which the States insisted on That he should surrender the Government of the Low countreys to the Arch-duke Matthias upon the same conditions which they had formerly sworne That Duke
Alencon and Prince Casimir should be comprehended in the Articles of peace That the province of Limburg and whatsoever Don Iohn had taken either by Force or Rendition in Brabant and Haynolt should before the end of August be restored to the States extreamely offended at these insolent demands Don Iohn as he used to do communicated his Resentment to the Prince of Parma He though he denied not the conditions to be indeed very unjust yet said It would be much worse if the States despairing of a peace with Spaine should put into the hands of the King of France the Frontier provinces which he had so oft attempted It was to be considered that even Charles the fifth and how great an Emperour was he could hardly cleare those Provinces of the French only What should the King's Forces do at the present commanded indeed by a Son to Charles the fifth but with a lesse number of men both against the French Nation and two other powerfull Armies His opinion was therefore that the Commissioners should be put in hope of peace till the King's pleasure was knowne as to those proposalls which if he accepted no doubt but in his wisdome he would provide another place worthy of his Brother but if looking upon their basenesse he rejected them then in case the Confederates were prosecuted with more severity hereafter his Majesty could not accuse his Brother and the Army as desirous to keepe the Warre afoote Don Iohn though he did not much feare the Confederates knowing them to be oppressed with their own multitude and understanding that Prince Casimir's Army marched in a body by themselves because they refused to obey Count Bolduc Generall for the States Yet constrained for want of men and money besides his Sicknesse both of body and mind which is able to breake the greatest Spirit and forcibly to cast it downe upon considerations at other times contemptible He resolved to follow Alexander Farneze's Counsell Though in his Letters to the King certifying their Propositions he with some bitternesse complained That the Rebells confidence received Incouragement out of Spaine and the Assistance promised to him by his Majesty was from time to time put off and when he intreated money only a returne was made of words wherewith a Warre cannot be managed unlesse they imagine that he is able out of Words to extract Gold He therefore humbly beseeched his Majesty either to subdue the Enemy or at least not to suffer the Generall of his Royall Army so unhandsomly to conclude a peace In the interim he commanded Serbellonio speedily to advance the Trenches which he had a while before designed not farre from Namure Don Iohn had chosen that ground upon the Hill of Buge close by the River Mose induced by convenience of the place and his Father's example who being pursued by Henry of France with three great Armies brought his Forces then very small to this ground and here intrenching secured them And now Serbellonio quick both at raising and defending workes had finished most of the Redoubts and drawne about a line by the directions of Scipio Campio of Pisaura an Engineer not inferiour to his Father Bartholomeo slaine at the Siege of Harlem where overtoiled with hasty labour or struck with a pestilentiall aire he fell dangerously sicke At the same time Don Iohn having now brought all his Army within the Trenches except the Horse which Octavio Gonzaga had 〈◊〉 upon the neighbouring Villages his owne sicknesse increasing would needs be carryed into the Campe. Both of them kept their beds and their Fitts tooke and left them in the same manner But the Physitians made farre different Iudgments of their two patients For they all and there was a whole Colledge of them either deceiving others or deceived themselves pronounced that Don Iohn would certainely recover but Sonbellonio could not possibly escape with life And what they said was credible enough this being aboue 73 yeares old he not yet 33 and yet when the young man dyed the old man was perfectly well againe Whereupon Hippolyto Pennonio grew into great Esteeme formerly commended by Duke Octavio for Physitian in Ordinary to his Son Prince Alexander who durst against the whole pack of those Doctours affirme that Serbellonio would live and Don Iohn die of that disease For which a long while being jeered and scorned he became thereby better knowne to the People and finally more honoured Vpon the day of Saint Matthew the Evangelist on which very day was twentie yeares dyed the Emperour Charles the fifth Don Iohn as if by remembring of his Fathers death he were minded of a time a like fatall to himselfe easting off all humane Cares transferred the whole Power of Peace and Warre upon Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma and in case he should dye declared him Governour of the Low-countreys and Generall of the Army till the King should otherwise determine And truly Prince Alexander doubted for a while whether he should undergo the Burthen not ignorant how miserable and broken a Province he must have and withall how much it would reflect upon his Honour if perhaps the King did not confirme upon him that Assignement It being more Disreputation to fall from a place of Eminence then never to have beene advanced Yet that he preserred his Faith to God and the King he writes to his Mother calling God to Witnesse that he should justly thinke himselfe a Traitour if when they had such an Increase of Enemyes and no Generall he should have deserted the Kings Army in that Conjuncture of time wherein undoubtedly all the remaining Catholique Religion and Allegeance to his Majesty would have beene indangered And forasmuch as the Duke of Parma did not very well like this Resolution of his Son 's nor gave Assent to his Acceptance of the Regency but reproved him for his overmuch confidence Prince Alexander at length answered his Father in these Words Sir Whereas in your Wisdome your Excellence thought fitt to admonish me as if I were gone too farre in accepting of that Government which by my endeavours should rather have beene transfer'd upon the Royall Senate of the Low-countreys it is no more then I my selfe imagined as when I wrote of Don Iohn of Austria's Sicknesse I signifyed to your Excellence But when I called to minde that after the death of the greate Comendador the Lowcountreys were undone by that very Trust of the Royall Power is the Senates hands which Ruine in all mens opinions had never hapned to the Provinces if his Successour had beene forthwith nominated And when I plainly saw the Losse of this Catholique Army without a Generall to be inevitable by reason of the feuds among the Lords and their discordant mindes some drawing one way some another and daily more slack in asserting the Kings Right and which is yet more considerable one or two of the greatest in his Army