Enemy to the French D. Alonso the famous Marquess of Pescara was Son to this Marquess and Inherited that Title of his Cousin Ferdinand who died without Issue The Marquess declared for Spain in Ischia upon Easter-day About the same time the Commendary Aguilera landed at Cotron 300 Men sent by the Spanish Ambassador at Rome The Commendary Gomez de Solis relieved the Castle of Cosenza and entred the City by force driving out the Earl of Melito who was in it with Four times his Number A dispute arose betwixt the French and Spaniards about the Prisoners taken at Rubo It was agreed that Horsemen taken Prisoners should lose their Horse and Arms and be Ransomed for a Quarters pay The French had taken Theodorus Bolala Captain of the Albaneses James de Vera who had the Command of the Artillery and Escalada a Spanish Captain of Foot with about 30 others They released all as had been agreed except those Three pleading that being Officers they were not within the benefit of the Cartel Yet now they would have all the Prisoners taken at Rubo Ransomed like private Men without considering that many of them were Gentlemen and Commanders The Great Captain was informed that according to the Custom of Naples in relation to the Cartel for Horsemen to be Ransomed for their Quarters pay it did not extend to such as were taken in pitched Battle or a Town taken by Storm All the old Soldiers being of this Opinion he answered the French accordingly and the Prisoners were reserved to Ransom themselves according to their ability or as they could agree with those that took them But the main design was to detain them that they might not be serviceable to the Duke of Nemours in the Battle which as things then stood it was believed must soon be fought CHAP. IX The Peace Concluded by the Archduke with France It takes no effect Succours from Spain arrive at Naples The Lord Aubigni defeated and taken AT such time as the Archduke was departing from Madrid he pressed the King his Father in-Law to let him understand his ultimate Resolution as to a Peace with France and give him Commission to Treat in case that King could be brought to any reasonable Terms At first the Catholick King would not consent suspecting the Archduke and his followers to be too well affected to the French and fearing to discourage his Friends in Italy if they heard he was upon Treating with France Nevertheless such Instance was made by the Archduke that he gave him a Commission with a very limited Instruction which he promised not to exceed and afterwards by F. Bernard Boil Abbot of S. Michael de la Cuxa sent him new Instructions and a larger Commission yet so that he should let no body know he carried that Commission but the Archduke who should swear not to reveal it and if he followed not the Instruction he should not give him the Commission till farther Orders The Archduke came to Lions at such time as the War was carried on in Apulia and Calabria as has been said and the Princess at Alcalà de Henares was delivered of a Son called Ferdinand being Baptized by the Archbishop of Toledo and the Duke of Najara and Marquess of Villena being Godfathers At Lions was the King the Pope's Legate and the Cardinal of Roan They began to Treat but not according to the Instructions The Abbot put the Archduke in mind they ought to proceed no farther without acquainting the King He was not allowed to send an Express but on the contrary was put to such a Nonplus being in the power of the French and his own People advising him not to regard the Instructions that he consented to what they pleased It was believed the French had bribed his followers The substance of the Agreement was that one of these Two Methods should be taken either the Catholick King should resign up his Part to his Grandson Prince Charles and the King of France his to his Daughter Claudia these Two young Princes being Contracted and that till such time as they were Married the Catholick Kings Part should be put into the Hands of the Archduke and the other to remain in the power of the French Or else that both French and Spaniards should possess each their own Part and Capitanata about which was the strife should be delivered in Trust to a Third Person These Conditions were extravagant for by the first the Spaniards were to lose what they held and the French were left in possession and the latter left the whole Dispute still undecided Mean while the Catholick King returned to Zaragoça to break up the Cortes that Sate still They agreed to furnish 200 Men at Arms and 300 light Horse at their own charge for Three Years both the Men and Officers to be Natives of the Kingdom These Men were soon raised and ordered to march to Russillon to oppose the French if they should attempt any thing on that side because the Marschal of Britany Captain General of France the Sieur de Dunois and the Grand Escuyer were marching with Forces towards Carcassonne Hereupon the King ordered his Forces to draw near to Figueras and D. Sanch de Castilla General of Russillon put all Places there in a Posture of Defence The King intending to be near the Frontiers came to Poblete where he had Intelligence from the Abbot Boil how the Archduke was pressed to come to Agreement contrary to his Instructions Orders were sent him by the King how to proceed All this availed nothing for the Peace was Proclaimed and the Archduke sent John Edin his Harbinger and the King of France Edward Bollotte of his Bedchamber to give notice of it to the Great Captain and Duke of Nemours that all Hostilities might Cease This done the Archduke departed towards Savoy to see his Sister the Lady Margaret with whom and the Duke of Savoy he stayed the Easter-Holidays John Edin and Edward Bollotte speeded on their Journey through Rome giving out the Peace was concluded They came to Barleta at such time as both Parties were preparing to come to a Battle particularly the Great Captain after 2500 Germans whom he had long expected came down the Gulph of Venice and joined him John Edin gave him the Archduke's Letter requiring him to cease from any farther Acts of Hostility but he was already advertized by the King of the Archdukes going into France and Commanded not to obey any Order of his unless Confirmed by his Majesty Therefore he answered those Orders could not be regarded till the King were acquainted with them and that Policy should not avail the French for he knew his Duty and would himself carry the Answer to the Duke of Nemours He was as good as his Word The Catholick King would not agree to this Peace but to satisfie the World proposed the restoring of King Frederick The King of France would not hear the Ambassador sent to this effect but turned him away with
There he died two Years after more glorious and great in despising than in obtaining the Empire This Year died Henry d' Albret King of Navarre His Daughter Joanna an abstinate Heretick succeeded him Anno 1556. On the 5th of February a Truce was concluded for Five Years betwixt France and Spain It was hoped that this Cessation might end in a lasting Peace both Parties being worn out with tedious Wars but all fell to nothing by reason of the War the Pope unseasonably raised At the beginning of this Year he began to persecute the Noblemen of the House of Colonna some of them fled others were taken all whose Estates he presently seized The Catholick King ordered the Duke of Alva not to suffer any wrong to be done to them On the other side the king of France having entred into a League with the Pope sent a powerful Army into Italy under the Conduct of the Duke of Guise These Forces marched through Lombardy to Rome where they stayed some time and then marched to the Kingdom of Naples They did nothing remarkable but the greatest part of them died of Sickness and the rest returned to France Mean while the Duke of Alva having possessed himself of most of the Pope's Dominions near Rome marched with his Army and incamp'd before that City He could easily have sacked it again but he had such respect for the Place that he forbore and made Peace with the Pope upon very reasonable terms But this was about the end of the ensuing Year At the beginning of this War Cosmo Duke of Florence prevailed with the Catholick King to deliver to him the City Siena To obtain his desire he alledged the Charge he had been at in the War with that City and that some promise had been made of delivering it to him The King yeilded to Necessity and put the City into his hands upon his paying a Sum of Money down and obliging himself to hold it of the Crown of Spain Anno 1557. The War betwixt France and Spain was not thus at an end but broke out in several Parts Success was so various that neither side had any great advantage to boast of Cardinal John Sicileus died the last day of May in his place succeeded as Archbishop of Toledo F. Bartholomew de Miranda of the Order of S. Dominick He arose so high to have a greater fall On the 13th of June departed this Life at Lisbon John the Third King of Portugal a very Religious and Renowned Prince His body was buried in the Monastery of Bethlehem King Sebastian his Grandson succeeded him In the time of King John the Inquisition was first brought into Portugal for the punishment of Hereticks and Jews He founded the University of Coimbra and endued it with great Revenues bringing to it learned Professors from all Parts and assigning them plentiful Salaries Cardinal Henry the Kings Brother following his Example some time after Founded the University of Ebora which was wholly delivered up to the Care of the Jesuits a heavy burden but very profitable The Catholick King had laid Siege to S. Quintin a strong Town on the Frontiers of Flanders seated near the River Some The French came to relieve the Place but were overthrown by Philibert Duke of Savoy the Spanish General with great slaughter and many French-men of Note made Prisoners The Catholick King came thither afterwards which so terrified the Besieged and encouraged our Men that the 4th Day after they took the Town by Assault Many Prisoners were taken within it and among them Gasper Coligni the French Admiral who governed the Town and was soon after the grand Incendiary in the Civil Wars of France There happened this Year mighty Floods particularly in Italy in the Month of September the River Arnus overflowed its Banks and did great harm at Florence and all the Country about The Tiber swelled to such a degree that it drowned most part of the City On the 14th of September being the day after was concluded the Peace with the Pope At Palermo in Sicily the great Floods overthrew many Houses and drowned a multitude of Men and Women It is reported 4000 Houses were thrown down All Spain suffered this Year extream scarcity of Bread Anno 1558. This Year many Thousands died of the Plague The Contagion broke out at Murcia and thence spread to Valencia and so at last to Burgos It lasted some Years before it was quite allay'd The King of France after the defeat of S. Quintin caused the Duke of Guise to leave Milan and return into France in January The Duke having gathered a mighty Army took Calis the only Town the English possessed in France The same Month died Queen Ellenor Charles the Emperor's Sister at Valladolid In her Will she left certain Towns she possessed in Burgundy to her Daughter Mary whom she had by Emanuel King of Portugal On the 18th of April Francis the Dauphin of France Married Mary Stuard Queen of Scotland afterwards a most Unfortunate Princess The Infection of Heresie spread in both the Kingdoms of France and Scotland and many of the Nobility were taâ—nted The War continued very hot in Flanders Among all other Actions the Battel of Graveling was remarkable There the French were defeated and sustained so great loss that they presently began to treat of Peace On the 21th of September the great Emperor Charles the Fifth departed this Life at the place of his Retirement His Body was deposited in that Monastery whence some Years after by Order of the Catholick King his Son it was translated to the Royal Monastery of the Escurial In England Queen Mary and Cardinal Reginald Poole died both at the same time and with them fell the Catholick Religion in that Kingdom Anno 1559. Her Sister Queen Elizabeth being declar'd Queen repealed all the Laws made in Defence of the Catholick Religion and restor'd the Reformation began in the time of King Edward The Pope on the 23th of January banish'd out of Rome his Nephews the Sons of his Brother John Alonso These were John Garrafa Duke of Paliano the Marquis Antony and Cardinal Charles Garrafa The Crimes laid to their Charge were very heinous and one of the greatest that they suffer'd none to have access to the Pope but such as pleased them and kept Spies to observe what every one spoke On the 5th of February Charles Duke of Lorrain Married Claudia the King of France his younger Daughter for her Father design'd Elizabeth the eldest should be Married to the King of Spain The Embassadors of both Crowns met at Cambray where they handled the Business so effectually that a Peace was concluded upon these Conditions That the Duke of Savoy should be restor'd to all his Dominions which was perform'd and he had also the City Aste given him tho it was the Portion of Valentina Daughter to John Galeazzo Duke of Milan That all Places taken during the War
Bohemia and Austria to his Brother Mathias reserving to himself a Portion for the maintenance of his Court. After this he died in the same City the 20th of January this Year Soon after the Electors met at Francford and chose Mathias Brother to the late Emperor his Successor This Year on the 25th of April died at Valencia Francis Hierome Simon a beneficed Priest of that City being 33 Years of Age The People reverence him as a Saint and have particularly signalized their Zeal herein The Archbishop would have hindred their Proceedings as too forward whereupon ensued many Tumults till at last this Affair was referred to Rome Anno 1613. About this time came into Spain the Latin History of Monsieur de Thou President of Parliament a great favourer of Hereticks and Enemy to Catholicks He neither spares the Popes nor Kings of France being an utter Enemy to the House of Guise once the great stay of that Crown He is sufficiently stuffed with Falshoods and was prohibited at Rome in the Year 1610. Soon after in Spain it was order'd to be purged A French Man writ learnedly against him and calls himself John Baptista Gallus which seems to be a feigned Name none daring publickly to write against a Person so great in Power as a President A false Catholick does more harm than an open Heretick as says S. Bernard Anno 1614. Upon Saturday the 24th of May there happened an Earthquake in the Island Tercera which did much harm In the Town of Playa the Mischief was greater for private Houses Monasteries and Churches were overthrown In the City Angla 11 Churches and 19 Chapels besides private Houses were destroyed In August our Fleet commanded by D. Luis Faxardo took the City Mamora as was before hinted It is seated upon the Ocean five Leagues from Tangier and twenty-five from Arzila Anno 1615. There had been of late War in Italy betwixt the Dukes of Savoy and Mantua The cause of it was that Alfonso Duke of Mantua who Married the Duke of Savoy's Daughter at his death left no Issue but one Daughter His Brother Alexander the Cardinal resigning up his Cap inherited that Dominion The Duke of Savoy pretended that his Grandchild the Daughter of the late Duke tho as a Woman she could not be Heiress to the Dukedom of Mantua yet she might to that of Montferrat which for some Years had been united to the other The matter came to Blows and the Duke of Savoy by force possessed himself of a great part of that Country The Catholick King Philip the Third to prevent the embroyling of Italy would have had this Difference determined by course of Law and because the Duke of Savoy refused took up Arms against him After some Bloodshed it was at last agreed on the 21th of July this Year that both Parties should disarm and the Difference be referred to the Emperor as the proper Judge those Dominions being Feoffes of the Empire The King approved not of this Peace and therefore the War broke out again D. Peter de Toledo Marquis of Villafranca after a long Siege took the City Vercelli Soon after Affairs being composed it was restor'd by D. Goniez de Figueroa Duke of Feria who succeeded the Marquis in the Government of Milan It was reported the Venetians underhand assisted the Duke in this War The Duke of Ossuna then Viceroy of Naples armed against them and in the Adriatick Sea took some of their Ships besides other harms he did them Soon after the Duke of Feria took Valtolina a most important Place as being the Pass between Italy and Germany which he fortified and put into it a strong Garison At Burgos on the 18th of October Prince Philip was Married by Proxy to the Lady Elizabeth Sister to the French King who was in the same manner contracted to Anne Princess of Castile This Princess two Days before renounced any Right or Title she might have upon the death of her Brother to the Kingdoms of Castile or Aragon or to the Low Countries The two Brides were exchanged upon the River Vedaso which parts France and Spain on the 9th of November The King himself was present at all these Ceremonies and together with the Prince his Son received the Princess his Daughter-in-Law at Burgos Thence about the end of the Year he return'd to Madrid The King of France received his Bride at Bourdeaux where he was with the Queen his Mother Anno 1616. A Ship that sailed from Holland in the Month of May the last Year after a long and difficult Voyage in January this Year beyond the Streights of Magellan in 57 Degrees of South Latitude discover'd another Passage into the South-Sea and to India This Ship having gone round the Globe return'd to Holland 2 Years and 18 Days after it set out from thence They lost one day in their Reckning and by that means called that Monday which was Tuesday and so throughout the Week Anno 1617. Upon Saturday the 15th of April in the Philippine Islands a notable Victory was obtained over the Hollanders D. John de Ronquillo who commanded there defeated 10 Galleons of there 's some of which were sunk others burnt and the rest fled These Rebels have done great harm in the Coasts of America along the South-Sea and possess'd themselves of many Places in India Anno 1618. In October the Duke of Lerma departed the Court leaving the Government of the Kingdom which he had chiefly managed for several Years having a Cardinals Cap sent him from Rome before he quitted Not long after D. Roderick Calderon his great Favourite was apprehended who after he had lain two Years and an half in Prison was condemned to Death and his Goods Confiscate D. Bernardin de Rojas y Sandoval Archbishop of Toledo died suddenly at Madrid the 7th day of December He was buried in the Chapel of our Lady which he built and richly adorn'd The King labour'd to bestow that Bishoprick upon his Son Prince Ferdinand then but 9 Years of Age. Anno 1619. Mathias the Emperor had lately resign'd the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia to his Cousin the Archduke Ferdinand The Bohemians Rebell'd and Wars ensued The Emperor died at Prague in March without Issue and the Electors assembling the 23th of August chose the same Ferdinand King of Hungary and Bohemia Emperor In April the Catholick King set out from Madrid for Portugal and made his Entry into Lisbon on the 29th of June On the 14th of July the Three Estates took their Oath to the Prince as Heir and next day the Cortes were opened The Pope in October Beatified F. Francis Xaverius one of the first Companions of S. Ignatius and Apostle of India Pope Gregory the XV. Canonized them both in the Year 1622. Anno 1620. Prince Ferdinand being before made Cardinal in May had possession of the Archbishoprick of Toledo given him The Bohemians proceeding in their Rebellion chose the Elector Palatin for
to plead for the Empire before the Pope and returns re infecta p. 216 The Fourteenth BOOK Chap. I. THE King of Morocco passes over into spain The War with the Moors The Christians twice defeated Death of Prince Ferdinand the Heir of Castile Troubles in Navarre betwixt the Natives and the French p. 217 Chap. II. Three Popes die in one Year Prince Sancho of Castile contrives to Vsurp that Crown from his Nephews The Death of Jayme King of Aragon and of Alonso of Portugal Peter succeeds the first and Denis the latter p. 218 Chap. III. The Practices of Prince Sancho He Rebels against his Father The King of Morocco comes to aid King Alonso returns home leaving 1000 Horse to serve under him King Alonso disinherits and curses his Son Prince Sancho p. 221 Chap. IV. The Conspiracy of John Prochita in Sicily against the French and slaughter of them call'd the Sicilian Vespers Kings of France and Aragon at War about Sicily Castile and Aragon under an Interdict at the same time p. 222 Chap. V. The Death of Alonso King of Castile The beginning of the Reign of King Sancho IV. The defeat of the French Fleet on the Coast of Italy Albarazin taken by the King of Aragon p. 224 Chap. VI. The French Invade Catalonia take Girona and retire back to France with loss The King of Morocco Besieges Xeres and is repuls'd The Death of the four Kings of France Aragon Naples and Morocco p. 226 Chap. VII The Kings of Castile and Portugal meet D. Lope de Haro flies to Navarre A Treaty in order to release the two Princes of Castile Charles Prince of Salerno set at liberty France and Castile joyn against Aragon Denis King of Portugal 's Issue p. 228 Chap. VIII Troubles in Castile The rightful Heirs to that Crown before Prisoners in Aragon set at liberty Wars on that account betwixt the two Crowns Badajoz Mutinies and is reduc'd An Interview betwixt the Kings of France and Castile p. 230 Chap. IX The Revolt of D. John Nun̄ez de Lara The Death of the King of Aragon His Brother Jayme Succeeds him Matches betwixt the three Kings of Spain Defeat of the Moors at Sea Original of the Dukes of Medina Sidonia p 232 Chap. X. Alcala de Henares made an Vniversity Tarifa Besieg'd by the Moors A brave Action of the Governour Sancho King of Castile dies Ferdinand IV. succeeds Peace betwixt France and Aragon p. 234 The Fifteenth BOOK Chap. I. NEW Troubles and Wars in Castile where Prince Henry takes the Government from the Queen Prince John Proclaimed King of Leon and Galicia Castile invaded by the Moors Portugueses and Aragonians p. 236 Chap. II. Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal setled by means of the double Alliances betwixt those Princes The Progress of the Wars in Sicily The Jubilee first Instituted Bilbao built and Prince John reconcil'd to the King p. 238 Chap. III. Of Raymundus Lullus and the Master of Calatrava The Marriage of King Ferdinand Peace concluded betwixt the Kings of Sicily and Naples A Synod of Bishops Troubles in Castile Pope Boniface dies Benedict XI succeeds him p. 240 Chap. IV. The Differences betwixt the Kings of Castile and Aragon reconcil'd After which they joyn in league against the Moors but to no considerable effect Death of Roger Lauria the great Admiral of Aragon and Divisions among the Moors p. 241 Chap. V. The King of Granada depos'd The King of Castile 's Sister Marry'd to the Duke of Britany The Extirpation of the Knights Templers The Death of Ferdinand IV. King of Castile p. 244 Chap. VI. The beginning of the Reign of Alonso XI King of Castile The many Confusions in that Kingdom by reason of his Infancy The Moors of Granada expell their King The Turks their Original and Growth p. 246 Chap. VII The Actions of the Catalonians in Greece The War in Andaluzia Death of Luis Hutin King of France Philip the Long succeeds him John XX. chosen Pope Defeat of the Moors by Prince Peter of Castile p. 248 Chap. VIII Institution of two new Orders of Knighthood in Aragon and Portugal Peter and John Princes of Castile kill'd by the Moors The Government of that Kingdom in Confusion A great Overthrow given the Navarrois by the Biscainers p. 249 Chap. IX King Alonso XI of Castile takes upon him the Government The Conquest of Sardinia by the Aragonians The Death of King Denis of Portugal His Son Alonso succeeds him Jayme II. King of Aragon is succeeded by his Son Alonso IV. p. 251 Chap. X. The Wars betwixt the Christians and Infidels Rebellions in Castile Aragon Castile and Portugal joyn in League The King and Queen of Navarre come into that Country and return again to France p. 253 The Sixteenth BOOK Chap. I. THE King of Granada goes into Africk Abomelique passes over into Spain The War with the Moors A Truce concluded Alonso de la Cerda rightful King of Castile submits to King Alonso the Possessor p. 256 Chap. II. The Moors of Granada murder Mahomet their King Wars among all the Christian Kings of Spain Alonso King of Aragon dies Fresh Rebellions in Castile The Portuguese Fleet beaten by the Castilians p. 257 Chap. III. The Death of Frederick King of Sicily A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal The Death of Abomelique and defeat of his Army Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon A Synod at Barcelona p. 259 Chap. IV. A new Invasion of Spain by Albohacen King of Morocco with 470000 Moors he Besieges Tarifa is there routed with the loss of 200000 Men by the Kings of Castile and Portugal Three defeats of the Infidels at Sea p. 261 Chap. V. The Siege and Surrender of Algezira The Infidels attempt to murder King Alonso of Castile The Earls of Derby and Salisbury come to his assistance out of England and the Earl of Faux out of France Robert King of Naples dies p. 263 Chap. VI. The King of Aragon Conquers Majorca and all its Dominions Great Troubles in Aragon The Rebels suppress'd An Vniversal Plague The Knights of Calatrava at variance at length reconcil'd p. 265 Chap. VII The Siege of Gibraltar the King dies and the Siege is rais'd King Peter succeeds him The Lady Ellenor de Guzman kill'd Some Nobles Rebel and are subdu'd Biscay annexed to the Crown of Castile Interviews of Kings p. 267 Chap. VIII Embassadors sent by King Peter into France to obtain for his Wife Blanch Daughter to the Duke of Bourbon who is brought into Spain and Marry'd to the King but he being before in Love with the Lady Mary de Padilla slights and forsakes his Queen p. 269 Chap. IX King Peter of Castile removes his Officers punishes some Rebels and reduces several Towns The War of Sardinia where Diseases rageing in the Aragonian Army that King claps up a dishonourable Peace and returns to Aragon p. 270 Chap. X. The Nobility of Castile particularly the King's Bastard Brothers in Rebellion they treat with the King without success the
Queen Mother joyns them the King gets the better and Executes many of them p. 272 The Seventeenth BOOK Chap. I. THE beginning of the War in Aragon many Rebellious Nobles in Castile put to Death The War betwixt Castile and Aragon carry'd on by Sea and Land p. 275 Chap. II. The Kings of Castile and Aragon both call the Moors to their assistance The War is carry'd on vigorously on both sides The Castilians treacherous to their King He punishes many of them The Computation of Time in Aragon altered p. 277 Chap. III. The Death of Queen Blanch and D. Maria de Padilla Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon The War with the Moors and Death of their King The King of Aragon 's Daughter Marry'd to the King of Sicily p. 278 Chap. IV. Castile and Navarre joyn in League The War is carry'd on successfully against Aragon by King Peter of Castile who declares the Lady Mary de Padilla to have been his lawful Wife The Death of John King of France and Constance Queen of Aragon p. 281 Chap. V. Count Henry Proclaim'd King of Castile King Peter expell'd the Kingdom Refus'd Entertainment in Portugal gathers a Fleet in Galicia and flyes into France to the Protection of the English p. 282 Chap. VI. The War betwixt France Navarre and Aragon King Peter of Castile supported by the English in France is brought into Spain by the Prince of Wales with an Army Overthrows Henry the Vsurper and recovers his Kingdom p. 284 Chap. VII King Peter Excommunicated and Absolv'd Count Henry returns into Spain is again receiv'd by many Places Toledo opposes him and is Besieg'd King Peter comes to its relief is overthrown betray'd to and murder'd by Henry the Bastard p. 286 Chap. VIII Several Foreign Princes pretenders to the Crown of Castile War with Aragon Portugal and Granada Affairs of Aragon Sardinia and Navarre The League betwixt Portugal and Aragon p. 288 Chap. IX The Siege of Carmona The King of Portugal Marries the Lady Ellenor de Meneses Peace betwixt Castile Portugal and Navarre p. 289 Chap. X. Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Aragon Several Matches of Princes French and Spaniards Besiege Bayonne in vain The Papal Chair restored to Rome Death of Frederick King of Sicily p. 292 The Eighteenth BOOK Chap. I. THE Wars of Navarre Matches of some of King Henry 's Children The Schism in the Church caused by the Election of the two Popes Urban and Clement The Death of the King of Castile and of Mahomet the Moorish King of Granada p. 294 Chap. II. King John succeeds his Father in the Throne of Castile Charles King of France dies Charles VI. succeeds him Pope Clement own'd in Spain thro' the French Interest p. 296. Chap. III. Charles Duke of Durazzo Crown'd King of Naples The War with Portugal Peace concluded The King of Portugal dies Actions of the Aragonians and Catalonians in Greece and of the former in Sardinia p. 297 Chap. IV. Portugal full of Divisions about the Succession to the Crown King John of Castile having been Proclaim'd at Lisbon enters that Kingdom has many places deliver'd to him Besieges Lisbon but is forced to raise the Siege and return to Castile p. 299 Chap. V. John the Bastard Master of Avis Proclaim'd King of Portugal King John of Castile sends his Fleet then enters Portugal himself with an Army The famous Battle of Aljubarrota and rout of the Castilians p. 301 Chap. VI. The Portugueses make an Inroad into Castile and defeat a Body of Castilians The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corun̄a and takes several Towns The Death of the Kings of Naples Aragon and Navarre p. 303 Chap. VII Peace concluded with the English The Heir of Castile in imitation of the Prince of Wales in England is created Prince of Asturias A Truce with Portugal and the Moors King John of Castile kill'd by a Fall from his Horse p. 304 Chap. VIII John King of Aragon upon complaint of his Subjects complies with their demands Irruptions of the French into Aragon Henry III. Proclaim'd King of Castile The Form of Government appointed there during his Minority p. 307 Chap. IX The Contentions betwixt the Nobility of Castile about the Government They agree on a Settlement then alter it The Affairs of the Moors at Granada War renew'd with Portugal King Charles VI. of France runs distracted p. 308 Chap. X. The Divisions among the Nobility of Castile continue A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal for 15 Years The Nobility at length pacify'd Sicily brought under the Aragonian Yoke p. 310 The Nineteenth BOOK Chap. I. KIng Henry takes upon him the Government The Cortes at Madrid Discontents among the Nobility The Death of the Master of Alcantara The Biscainers invade the Canary-Islands The Plague at Madrid p. 313 Chap. II. Another Rebellion in Castile quell'd by the King Pope Clement dies and Benedict XIII is Elected which continues the Schism The strange Death of John King of Aragon p. 315 Chap. III. The Queen of Navarre returns to her Husband The Earl of Faux invades Aragon The War betwixt Castile and Portugal renew'd Joseph King of Granada dies Mahomet his second Son Vsurps The Turks come over into Europe p. 317 Chap. IV. Two Franciscans Preaching to the Moors of Granada suffer Martyrdom The Truce with Portugal renew'd Two great Plagues in Spain and France The Year of Jubilee 1400. p. 319 Chap. V. The Death of the Queen of Sicily Of Tamerlan and Bajazet Pope Benedict again receiv'd in Castile The King of Castile has a Son born Pope Boniface dies Innocent VIII chosen at Rome p. 321 Chap. VI. Great Tumults in Aragon appeas'd by the Cortes A Battle betwixt the Castilians and the Moors The Cortes of Castile meet at Toledo and King Henry dies there A Notable Action of his p. 322 Chap. VII The Crown offer'd to Prince Ferdinand be refuses it John II. Proclaim'd King of Castile The Death of the Queen of Aragon The War of Granada Several Places taken by the Christians who also obtain a Victory at Sea p. 324 Chap. VIII The Murder of the Duke of Orleans by him of Burgundy The War carry'd on with the Moors and a Truce concluded Original of D. Alvaro de Luna Continuation of the Schism p. 326 Chap. IX The Death of Martin King of Sicily Several Pretenders to the Crown of Aragon Their several Claims Martin King of Aragon prefers that of his Nephew Prince Ferdinand of Castile tho' unjust p. 328 Chap. X. The Moors having done much harm in the Christian Territories Prince Ferdinand marches against them defeats them and takes Antequera and other Places Martin King of Aragon dies A Love Adventure p. 329 The Twentieth BOOK Chap. I. THE State of Christendom Nine Judges appointed in Aragon to decide the dispute about the Succession Arguments us'd by each of the Candidates The Government of King John of Portugal p. 332 Chap. II. Ferdinand Prince of Castile declar'd King of Aragon by the Judges and afterwards Proclaim'd at
Zaragoâ—a He settles the Kingdom Besieges and takes the Earl of Urgel who aspir'd to the Grown p. 333 Chap. III. The Christian Princes all Combine with the Emperor to put an end to the Schism in the Church In order to it King Ferdinand of Aragon has a Conference with Pope Benedict The Council of Constance The two Popes John and Gregory Abdicate p. 335 Chap. IV. The Portugueses pass over into Africk and take Ceuta All endeavours us'd to move Pope Benedict to resign the Papacy prove vain Ferdinand King of Aragon 's Death The Council of Constance puts an end to the Schism in the Church p. 337 Chap. V. The Death of the Queen of Castile Marriages of Princes Prince Henry of Aragon seizes the King of Castile Tumults in that Kingdom Strange Prodigies Many Colleges built in Castile p. 339 Chap. VI. Original of the Portuguese Discoveries King Alonso of Aragon adopted Heir to the Crown of Naples The King of Castile escapes from his Confinement and suppresses many of the Rebels D. Alvaro de Luna made an Earl p. 341 Chap. VII The Death of the Moorish King of Granada A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal The Interest of the Aragonians decays at Naples The Death of the pretended Pope Benedict p. 343 Chap. VIII The pretended Pope Benedict dying another is supported by the King of Aragon who plunders Marseilles prepares to make War upon Castile but comes to an Accommodation yet loses all his Interest at Naples p. 344 Chap. IX The Death of King Charles of Navarre King John Proclaim'd D. Alvaro de Luna Banish'd the Court of Castile Villanous Practices of the Nobility The King of Granada depos'd p. 347 Chap. X. D. Alvaro de Luna returns to Court greater in the Kings favour than ever The banish'd King of Granada restor'd Some Affairs of France and final end of the Schism in the Church p. 348 The Twenty First BOOK Chap. I. THE War betwixt Aragon and Navarre on the one side and Castile on the other The King of Navarre Crown'd John King of Castile breaks into Aragon with a powerful Army and does much harm there p. 351 Chap. II. Actions of the Aragonians against Castile Several Assemblies of the Cortes The Estates of the Princes of Aragon in Castile Confiscated A Truce concluded with that Crown for 5 Years War with the Moors p. 353 Chap. III. The Death of Pope Martin V. Eugenius IV. succeeds him The Moors of Granada overthrown in Battle Peace concluded with Portugal A Truce with the Moors Prince Peter of Aragon made Prisoner p. 354 Chap. IV. The declining posture of the Aragonians at Naples Yet that King is again invited thither and adopted anew by the Queen He agrees with Castile King John of Portugal dies Edward succeeds p. 356 Chap. V. The Council of Basil The Affairs of Naples And Death of the Duke of Anjou and Queen of Naples The Nobility of that Kingdom incline to favour the Aragonians The Pope expell'd Rome and restor'd p. 358 Chap. VI. Mighty Inundations throughout Spain A great Victory over the Moors The further Actions of the Aragonians at Naples The Kings of Aragon and Navarre taken by the Genoeses and set at liberty by the Duke of Milan p. 360 Chap. VII The Affairs of Italy after the King of Aragon was releas'd Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Aragon The Prince of Castile Marries the Princess of Navarre The Portugues loss in Africk p. 362 Chap. VIII The State of Spain and of the Catholick Church under great apprehensions of Troubles Actions of the Argonians at Naples King Edward of Portugal dies The Rebellion in Castile p. 364 Chap. IX The King of Castile and the Rebels agree The Rebellion breaks out again The King taken Prisoner Blanch Queen of Navarre dies Her Son Charles succeeds The Council at Basil deposes Pope Eugenius and choses Felix p. 365 Chap. X. The Progress of the Aragonians in Naples That City taken by them New Disorders in Spain The Archbishop of Toledo dies Of some Men famous for Learning p. 368 The Twenty Second BOOK Chap. I. THE success of the Aragonians in Italy The Rebellion in Castile The Death of the Queens of Portugal and Castile The Battle of Olmedo and Death of Prince Henry of Aragon p. 369 Chap. II. The Marriage of Ferdinand Bastard Son to the King of Aragon and appointed Heir to the Kingdom of Naples Mahomet King of Granada depos'd D. Alvaro de Luna chosen Master of the Order of Santiago p. 371 Chap. III. Disorders continue in Spain The Florentine War Pope Eugenius dies Nicholas V. succeeds him The Breach betwixt Castile and Aragon continu'd Several Noblemen of Castile apprehended Others fly p. 373 Chap. IV. The Earl of Benavente escaping raises new Tumults The Affairs of Portugal The Mutiny of Toledo Fresh Tumults among the Nobility of Castile The Mutiniers of Toledo punish'd p. 374 Chap. V. The Mutiny of Segovia The Affairs of the Crown of Aragon The Civil War in Navarre The Factions of the Agramonteses and Biamonteses there The Emperor Frederick Marries Ellenor Sister to the King of Portugal The Moors twice defeated by the Christians p. 376 Chap. VI. D. Alvaro de Luna the King of Castile 's great Favourite's Character and fatal end Mamet the Turk takes Constantinople Mahomet King of Granada depos'd Cruzadoes coin'd in Portugal p. 378 Chap. VII The Designs and Death of King John of Castile Discoveries of the Portugueses along the Coast of Africk Prince Henry Proclaim'd King of Castile Peace concluded betwixt Castile Aragon and Navarre The Character of Henry the new King of Castile p. 380 Chap VIII The great League made in Italy The Death of Pope Nicholas Calixtus succeeds him War of Granada King Henry of Castile Marries Joanna Sister to the King of Portugal Earthquakes in Italy p. 382 Chap. IX The Prince of Viana flies to Naples The Kings of Castile and Navarre meet and conclude a Peace The War with the Moors The Death of Alonso King of Aragon His Character and Will John King of Navarre Inherits the Crown of Aragon p. 384 Chap. X. The new War at Naples upon the Death of King Alonso and Succession of his Bastard Son Ferdinand Pope Calixtus dies Pius II. succeeds him Alcazar on the Coast of Africk taken by the King of Portugal Prodigies in Spain p. 386 The Twenty Third BOOK Chap. I. THE Council of Mantua Beginnings of Tumults in Castile War at Naples betwixt the Aragonians and House of Anjou Scanderberg Prince of Epirus comes to the assistance of Ferdinand King of Naples p. 401 Chap. II. War renew'd with the Moors of Granada The Prince of Viana Imprison'd and Releas'd His Death The Rebellion of Catalonia also in Navarre The Kings of France and Castile meet p. 402 Chap. III. The Catalonians send for Peter Constable of Portugal and Proclaim him Earl of Barcelona The Kings of Castile and Portugal meet The Rebellion in Castile D. Beltran de la Cueva great Favourite to King
Henry of Castile Created a Duke p. 404 Chap. IV. Proceedings and Defeat of the Rebels in Catalonia Death of Ismael King of Granada Progress of the Rebellion in Castile and most Villanous Action of the Rebels who Proclaim Prince Alonso King The King and they Disband p. 406 Chap. V. Peter Constable of Portugal dies The Rebels in Catalonia chose the Duke of Anjou for their King The Battle of Olmedo The Death of the Queen of Aragon and Prince Alonso of Castile The King recovers Toledo The Rebels of Castile affront the Pope's Legate and are Excommunicated p. 408 Chap. VI. John Duke of Lorrain supports and heads the Rebels in Catalonia for his Father Ferdinand Prince of Aragon declar'd King of Sicily The Crown of Castile offer'd to the Princess Elizabeth she refuses it Peace betwixt the King and Nobles p. 410 Chap. VII The Marriage of Ferdinand King of Sicily with the Princess Elizabeth of Castile and of the Duke of Guienne with the Princess Joanna who is sworn Heiress of Castile Differences betwixt the Knights of Alcantara and their Master and Troubles in Biscay The Portugueses take Arzila and Tangier in Africk p. 412 Chap. VIII The Tumults and Confusions in Aragon Sardinia and Navarre The King of Castile labours to reduce his Rebels Pope Paul II. dies Sixtus IV. chosen King Alonso of Portugal takes Arzila and Tangier in Africk p. 414 Chap. IX Catalonia reduc'd Charles Duke of Guienne dies Cardinal Borgia the Pope's Legate comes into Spain Interview of the Kings of Castile and Portugal The Master of Santiago strengthens himself against his Enemies Barcelona surrendred to the King of Aragon p. 416 Chap. X. The Pope's Legate's Practices against King Henry of Castile Massacre of the Jews Signal Loyalty of Peter de Peralta Traiterous Practices of Elizabeth Sister to King Henry of Castile A Synod at Aranda p. 417 The Twenty Fourth BOOK Chap. I. THE Princess Elizabeth pretends to be reconcil'd to her Brother and openly aspires to the Crown upon his Indisposition D. John Pacheco Master of Santiago dies Differences betwixt the French and Aragonians King Ferdinand goes to Barcelona Jews Massacred in Sicily Ferdinand and Elizabeth Proclaim'd King and Queen of Castile The King of Portugal undertakes the Protection of the Princess Joanna his Niece p. 420 Chap. II. The Death of Henry King of Castile Ferdinand and Elizabeth Vsurps the Crown of Castile from Joanna the Rightful Heiress and are Proclaim'd King and Queen The King of Portugal undertakes the Protection of the Rightful Heiress his Niece p. 422 Chap. III. The King of Portugal calls himself King of Castile and is assisted by many of the Nobility being contracted to Joanna the Rightful Heiress He takes several Places in Castile The French make Peace with England and engage to assist Portugal against Ferdinand p. 424 Chap. IV. Prince John of Portugal comes into Castile with Forces to his Father's assistance The Battle of Toro betwixt King Ferdinand and him of Portugal The latter defeated The Castilian Nobility forsake him and he returns home p. 426 Chap. V. The Tumults of Navarre The King of Portugal 's Zoyage into France Toro recover'd by the Castiliano from the Portugueses Several other Places retaken Charles the Bold Duke of Burgundy and Galcazzo Duke of Milan murdred p. 428 Chap. VI. King Ferdinand possesses himself of the Mastership of Santiago in trust which has ever since continued in the Kings of Spain War with the Moors of Andaluzia The King of Portugal after having Abdicated his Crown returns home and is restor'd by his Son p. 429 Chap. VII Sardinia entirely reduc'd The Birth of John Prince of Castile The Inquisition first setled in Spain Peace concluded betwixt France and Castile The Death of King John of Aragon p. 431 Chap. VIII Ellenor Queen of Navarre The Troubles of that Kingdom and her Death The Countess of Medellin raises Tumults in Castile Portugueses overthrown by the Castilians Heretical Opinions started and condemned in Spain King Ferdinand goes into Aragon p. 434 Chap. IX Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Portugal The Turks get footing in Italy and are again expell'd King Alonso of Portugal dies Henry the late King of Castile 's Grants vacated by the Cortes Prince John Son to King Ferdinand Sworn Heir of Castile p. 435 Chap. X. Francis King of Navarre comes out of France is Crowned and soon after dies A Conspiracy against the King of Portugal punished and the Conspirators punished Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal ratified Luis XI King of France dies p. 437 The Twenty Fifth BOOK Chap. I. THE beginning of the War with Granada King Albahazen surprizes Zahara Alhama taken from the Infidels and in vain besieged by them again p. 440 Chap. II. Preparations for carrying on the War against the Moors Loxa in vain besieged and that War laid aside for some time Some Tumults in Galicia A great slaughter of Christians on the Mountains of Malaga p. 441 Chap. III. The Moors defeated and Boabdill their King taken and afterwards released The Affairs of Navarre Pope Sixtus dies Innocent VIII succeeds him Marquess del Gasto and Pescara from whom descended p. 444 Chap. IV. Alora and other Places taken from the Moors Albohardil Vsurps the Crown of Granada and defeats the Earl of Cabra The Rebellion in Naples Birth of the Princess Katherine of Castile afterwards Wife to Henry VIII King of England p. 446 Chap. V. The Tumults in Aragon and Catalonia Several Towns taken from the Moors A Sedition in Galicia King Albohardil attacks the Castle called Albayzin in Granada and is repulsed Azamor on the Coast of Africk delivered to the Portugueses p. 448 Chap. VI. King Ferdinand takes Malaga and other Places from the Moors Albohardil King of Granada having been defeated by the Christians is expelled by his Subjects and Boabdil Proclaimed King Mighty Discoveries made by the Portugueses in the East p. 450 Chap. VII Tumults in Aragon the Cities Associate there The War with the Moors renewed and several Places taken from them which they with the same facility recover Maximilian King of the Romans aims to Marry the Princess Elizabeth of Castile p. 452 Chap. VIII The Masterships of all the Military Orders in Spain annexed to the Crown for ever Three Cities and other Places taken from the Moors Elizabeth Princess of Castile Married to Alonso Prince of Portugal His and his Father's Death p. 453 Chap. IX The War with the Moors now effectually renewed The Description of the City of Granada King Ferdinand lays Siege to it and Builds a Town for his Army to Quarter in during the Siege to shew his Resolution not to depart without being Master of that City p. 456 Chap. X. A mighty Mutiny raised in Granada by a Phanatick Moor. The City surrendred to King Ferdinand The Character of King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth Their Triumphal Entry into Granada and Vniversal Joy for their Success p. 457 The Twenty Sixth BOOK Chap. I. THE Affairs of Britany The
Jews expelled Spain Pope Innocent VIII dies Alexander VI. succeeds him Navarre pacified Roussillon and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand p. 460 Chap. II Discoveries and Conquests of the Spaniards in the West-Indies Controversies arise betwixt the Crowns of Spain and Portugal concerning their Discoveries Roussillon and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand p. 461 Chap. III. Palma one of the Canary-Islands Conquered The Mastership of the three Military Orders annexed to the Crown of Castile The Original of the Neapolitan War The Death of Ferdinand King of Naples p. 464 Chap. IV. The French invade the Kingdom of Naples An Account of Luis Sforcia Duke of Milan The French King at Rome Alonso King of Naples Abdicates The French possess themselves of the Kingdom of Naples p. 465 Chap. V. The League against the French carried on with wonderfull secrecy The French King returns home The Venetians overthrown by the French King Ferdinand of Naples successful against them and recovers that Noble City p. 468 Chap. VI The Death of John II. King of Portugal The French quite expell'd the Kingdom of Naples Ferdinand King of Spain honoured by the Pope with the Title of Catholick King The posture of Affairs in Portugal under Emanuel the new King p. 469 Chap. VII The Death of Ferdinand King of Naples The Emperor passes into Italy The Popes Forces defeated by the Ursini The Death of the Duke of Gandia The Marriage of Prince John of Spain Proposals concerning setling the Kingdom of Naples p. 472 Chap. VIII Progress of the Portugueses Discoveries in the East Peter Covillam and Alonso de Paira sent to India by Land Vasca de Gama sent to discover India by Sea with four Ships His Voyage till he came to Calicut p. 474 Chap. IX A short but particular Account of India what happened to Vasco de Gama at Calicut His bold Enterprize there and a Relation of his return to Portugal p. 476 Chap. X. An Account of the Navigation of Vasco de Gama and of all the Coasts of Africk as they lay in his way Of the Island of Zocotora and of all the Coast of Asia as far as China and the Method observed by the Portugueses in Sailing thither p. 478 The Twenty Seventh BOOK Chap. I. THE Death of the Prince of Castile Of Charles VIII King of France Matches of two Daughters of Spain The Prince of Salerno expelled Naples France and Spain agree Hierom Savonorola burnt at Florence p. 480 Chap. II. The King of Portugal sworn Heir to the Crown of Castile Elizabeth his Queen delivered of a Son dies The Duke of Milan expelled his Dominions Vniversity of Alcala founded Rebellion of the Mountain Moors p. 481 Chap. III. The Birth of the Emperor Charles V. The French possess themselves of the State of Milan and take the Duke and his Brother the Cardinal The great Year of Jubelee 1500. The League betwixt France and Spain Cefalonia taken from the Turks p. 484 Chap. IV. King Ferdinand 's double dealing The Princess Mary of Castile Marry'd to the King of Portugal The French and Spaniards jointly subdue the Kingdom of Naples Actions of the Great Captain p. 486 Chap. V. The French and Spaniards fall at variance about divideing their Conquest The Description of the Kingdom of Naples Frederick King of Naples puts himself into the French King's hands French perish by Pestilence and stress of Weather The coming of the Arch-Duke into Spain p. 488 Chap. VI. Further Actions of the Great Captain at Naples The Duke of Calabria contrary to Articles sent into Spain The French and Spanish Generals consult their Kings and have a Conference to adjust Differences in the division of Naples The beginning of the War betwixt them p. 490 Chap. VII The Arch-Duke of Austria and Princess his Wife sworn Heirs of Aragon He goes away for Flanders The Spaniards offer Battle to the French several small Actions betwixt them The Spaniards decline in Calabria are defeated p. 492 Chap VIII Great Booty taken by the Spaniards as also the Sieur de la Palisse A Combat betwixt 13 French and as many Italians Several losses of the French The Marques del Gasto comes over to the Spaniards p. 494 Chap. IX The Peace concluded by the Arch-Duke with France It takes no effect Succours from Spain arrive at Naples The Lord Aubigni defeated and taken p. 496 Chap. X. The Battle of Cirinola and great overthrow of the French Almost all the Kingdom of Naples subdued by the Great Captain His Reception into that Noble City p. 497 The Twenty Eight BOOK Chap. I. THE Siege of Gaeta The Death of Pope Alexander VI. Pius III. chosen Practices of the Spaniards The French invade Roussillion p. 501 Chap. II. The French Besiege Saulses or as the Spaniards call it Salsas The Siege raised Nineteen Sail of Infidels destroyed Pope Pius III. dies Julius II. chosen The French Army marches thro' Italy Two Defeats given them p. 502 Chap. III. The City Gaeta surrendred A Truce betwixt France and Spain The Prefect of Rome submits to Spain The Nobility of Naples swear Allegiance to Spain and several Cities of Italy sue for its Protection Truce for 3 years betwixt France and Spain p. 505 Chap. VI. Perfidiousness of Duke Valentine who is as perfidiously sent into Spain by the Great Captain contrary to his Promise and he ill represented to the King Projects of Peace betwixt France and Spain come to nothing p. 507 Chap. V. The League betwixt the Emperor the Arch-Duke and King of France The League against the Venetians The Death of King Frederick of Naples and Queen Elizabeth of Castile Contention about the Government of Castile betwixt King Ferdinand and King Philip. Treaties with France p. 509 Chap. VI. King Ferdinand becomes odious to his People The posture of Affairs in Italy The Emperor and King Philip of Castile Ratifie the Peace with France King Ferdinand agrees with the French King p. 511 Chap. VII Mazalquivir in Africk taken from the Moors The Nobility of Spain divided for and against King Philip. The Agreement made betwixt the two Kings Ferdinand and Philip The latter in England p. 513 Chap. VIII The Affairs of Portugal A bloody Mutiny at Lisbon King Ferdinand Marries Queen Germana King Philip comes into Spain and declares against the Treaty with King Ferdinand Death of Christopher Columbus p. 515 Chap. IX The Spaniards and Flemings at variance upon their first Meeting King Ferdinand raises Forces pretending to rescue his Daughter Many forsake him and he is forced to quit Castile An Interview of the two Kings p. 517 Chap. X. The two Kings of Spain agree and join in League Joanna King Philip 's Queen Distracted thro' Jealousie Troubles in Castile King Ferdinand and his Queen go to Zaragoca Jealeusie started against the Great Captain King Philip dies p. 519 The Twenty Ninth BOOK Chap. I. THE Settlement made by the Nobility of Castile after the Death of King Philip. The Catholick King goes over to Naples His Reception
successively Archbishops of Toledo The King desiring to settle the Catholick Religion he had embrac'd and Re-establisht the Church Discipline then much depraved consulted with Leander Archbishop of Sevil and by his Advice called a Council of all the Bishops under the Dominion of the Goths to meet at Toledo the Royal City for so it was called on account that the Kings had there fix'd their Residence This Council was opened and held their first Session at the beginning of May in the Year 589. It consisted of 5 Archbishops and 65 Bishops At the second Session the King presented the Prelates a Profession of the Faith and Abjuration of the Arian Heresie under his own and Queen Bada's Hand containing the Heads of the true Faith and particularly according to the Constantinopolitan Creed a Confession that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father and Son After the King 8 Bishops and 5 Noblemen presented a like Profession and Abjuration This done the Prelates proceeded to publish 23 Canons for Correcting and Establishing the Ecclesiastical Discipline Particularly they Ordained that none should receive the blessed Sacrament unless they with all that were present during the Mass publickly repeated the Constantinopolitan Creed Hence might proceed the Custom used in our Days of repeating the Articles of Faith and Apostles Creed before the Holy Communion The King by Edict Confirmed all the Decrees of this Council ordering them to be punctually observed in all points The Abbot Biclarensis who continued the Chronicon of his Times till this Year affirms that Leander Bishop of Sevil and Eutropius Abbas Servitanus were the Principal Men that regulated all the Decrees of this Council D. Lucas de Tuy adds that Leander was Primate of Spain and had here the Power of Legate Apostolick but this agrees not with the Acts of the Council it self by which it appears he had the third place among those Prelates Euphemius Bishop of Toledo the second and Mausona of Merida the first Which places I believe were given by Seniority and so Mausona as the eldest Bishop preceeded all the others The King confirmed the Decrees of this Council a thing new and never before used for the Roman Emperors in General Councils used to consent and agree to the Acts of the Fathers but never Confirmed or Determined any thing as not extending their Power to Ecclesiastical Affairs THE History of SPAIN The Sixth BOOK CHAP. I. The remaining Actions of King Recaredus He Marries Clodosinda Sister to Childebert King of Lorrain His Death Original of Dukes and Counts A New light of Glory seem'd to spread it self over all Spain after dispersing the former darkness perfect Peace was restor'd the preceding Commotions and Troubles being appeased and nothing but Mirth and publick Rejoycing was seen in all Parts It was a Blessing to behold those who were before divided and distracted by their various Opinions in Religion so that they agreed in nothing but the Tongue which was common to all now again united into one Body and reconcil'd as to their Sentiments in the Holy Faith of the Church This was a singular Mercy of God not only in respect to their present Felicity but even in the assured hopes of a lasting Happiness Forreign Princes Congratulated the King upon his great Success and each offered his assistance to carry on so good a Work Pope Gregory the Great Successor to Pelagius II. in the Year 590. at the beginning of his Papacy sent a Letter to Leander Congratulating the King's Reconciliation to the Church and telling how happy he will be if he perseveres to the end The King also understanding that Gregory was Elected Pope sent an Embassy to him of which Provinus the Priest was chief and with him went some Abbots with them he sent Presents of Gold and 300 Suits of Cloaths for the Poor of St. Peter in Rome for then it seems the Poor and the Hospitals were maintained upon the Revenues of the Church One thing designed by this Embassy was to obtain of the Pope to Confirm and Ratifie the Decrees of the Council of Toledo There are extant three Letters of Pope Gregory dated the ninth Year of his Papacy by which it may be concluded the Embassadors were forc'd back into Spain by Storms and long detain'd there as also that they made a long stay at Rome The first Letter is directed to Duke Claudius of Merida the Principal Man in Spain next to the King recommending to him the Abbot Cyriacus then going into Spain The second to Leander condoling his Sufferings by the Gout The third is to the King encouraging him to continue firm in the Faith he had receiv'd and commending his good actions With this Letter he sent him a piece of the holy Cross some Hairs of St. John Baptist a Key touch'd to the Body of St. Peter and some silings of the same Saints Chains To Saint Leander he sent the Pall. For at that time the Jews having offer'd large summs of Money that a Law pass'd against them might be Repeal'd the King had refus'd to grant it There is a common received Opinion among Spaniards tho' no Author mentions any such thing that the Spanish Embassadors returning into Spain among other Presents they had for the King and the Bishop Leander brought an Image of our B. Lady Carv'd in Wood sent by the Pope to the latter and that it is the same which many Years after was found in a Cave together with the Bodies of St. Fulgencius Bishop of Ezija and St. Florentina his Sister and which at this time is held in great Veneration at Guadalupe one of the chief Monasteries of the Order of St. Hierome in all Spain Whilst the Embassadors resided at Rome several Synods were held in Spain according to a Decree of the late Council of Toledo as is suppos'd which Ordain'd there should be Yearly Provincial Synods held for the reformation of Manners and the good of the Church One of these Synods was held by Leander at Sevil another at Narbonne in Gallia Gothica others at Zaragoça Toledo Huesca and Barceiona whose Acts are not here set down as belonging more properly to the Ecclesiastical History Let us return to the King who after the Death of his Queen Bada being desirous to conclude a Peace with the Kings of France and in order to it laying aside all former resentments sent Embassadors to Childebert King of Lorrain to ask his Sister Clodosinda in Marriage as was before hinted This Marriage was at last concluded Recaredus protesting to those Kings he never had any hand in the Death of Ermenegildus but had been very sensibly touch'd with his Brothers Misfortunes Clodosinda was before promis'd to Anthari King of the Longobards but Recaredus was prefer'd before him both in regard of the pressing instances he made as also because he was a Catholick and the other a Pagan Authors do not agree as to the time of the Celebration of the Nuptials but it
to the Feast of Easter The Marriage betwixt the Earl of Barcelona and the Princess Petronilla was agreed upon on the 11th of August that same Year 1137. This done D. Ramiro laying aside the care of the Government withdrew to the Church of St. Peter at Huesea still retaining the Title of King and Power of resuming that Authority when he should think fit All Officers were order'd to take the Oath of Fidelity to the Earl of Barcelona and because the Nobles on account of Service in that time of need had obtain'd Grants of many Towns and Castles from the King all such Grants were made void especially those that passed since the King chose the Earl for his Son-in-law As to Navarre it was ordain'd the Bounds of the Kingdoms should be the same that had been agreed upon at Pamplona and Valdoluengo As soon as Raymund entred upon the Government he had a Conference with the Emperor D. Alonso at Carrion where he obtain'd all the Lands that had been taken from the Crown of Aragon on this side Ebro should be restor'd but only to be held of the Crown of Castile This done he made his Entry into Zaragoça and was receiv'd with great applause having establish'd Peace William Raymund Seneschal or High-Steward of Catalonia had a great hand in all these Affairs and as a Reward had the Town of Moncada given him from him descends the Noble Family of Moncada in that Country CHAP. X. D. Alonso of Portugal takes the Title of King His Wars with the Moors War betwixt Christian Princes and Peace concluded Baeca and Almeria taken by the King of Castile and Lisbon by him of Portugal THese Confusions we have spoken of gave the Portugueses an opportunity of enlarging their Dominions and rendring their Name famous D. Alonso Prince or as some call him Duke of Portugal being a Man no less renowned in Peace than War ceased not enlarging and beutifying his Dominions At Coimbra he built the Monastery of Santacruz a stately Structure which he chose for his place of Burial and endow'd it with the Town of Leyra then taken from the Moors This was but an Introduction to greater Exploits for in the Year 1139. he broke into the Territories of the Infidels with a powerful Army and passing the River Tagus made War upon Ismar the Moorish King in those parts In this Expedition dy'd Egas NunÌ„ez D. Alonso's Tutor by whose wise Councels he had till then been govern'd In the City Porto there is a Monastery of Benedictive Monks founded by D. Egas in which are to be seen his and his Children Tombs That of his Wife D. Teresa is in the Monastery of Gereceda of Cistercians built by her two Leagues from Lamego Ismar understanding of D. Alonso's design gather'd all the Forces he could and four other Moorish Kings joyning him compos'd a Formidable Army The two Bodies had sight of one another in a Plain then call'd Vrichio now Cabeças de Ryes or King's-head a place fit to give Battle That Country is water'd by the River Palma which about Beja where it springs has little water but other Streams falling into it gathers such a Body that near Alcaçar do Sal where it falls into the Sea it is Navigable D. Alonso was surpriz'd to see so great a number of Enemies but Honour prevailing above Fear and the more for that two days before that is on the 25th of July being the Feast of S. James the Apostle his Soldiers had saluted him King he resolv'd to put all to the hazard of a Battle Having in few Words encourag'd his Men he order'd to sound a Charge the Enemy did the same and there ensu'd a most obstinate Battle both Parties fighting for Honour for their Lives and for the Dominion of all Portugal After a sharp dispute the Multitude of Moors gave way to the Valour of the Christians many of them were kill'd and many made Prisoners The Standards of the 5 Kings were taken and from them the Portugue Arms which are Azure five Escutcheons Others will have it that they signifie the five Wounds of our Saviour but I see no Authority for it In the time of Sancho II. King of Portugal there was added to the ancient Arms an Orle of Castles the number not fix'd then now they use seven This is the famous Battle so much and so justly extoll'd by the Portugues Writers after which the strength of Portugal increased in an extraordinary manner All the Glory of the King's Actions was sully'd by the Imprisonment of his Mother which Pope Innocent II. understanding sent the Bishop of Coimbra to treat with him about restoring her to her Liberty But the King was Deaf to all Advice therefore the Bishop leaving the City under an Interdict departed out of Portugal A Cardinal being also sent from Rome upon the same account had no better success but was oblig'd by the King's Threats to take off the Interdict he had laid upon the whole Kingdome King Alonso now Marry'd the Lady Malfada some say she was Daughter to Amalaricus Lord of Molina others to Amadeus Earl of Savoy By her he had D. Sancho D. Vrraca and D. Teresa The last Marry'd afterwards to Philip Earl of Flanders Besides these the King had a Bastard Son call'd Peter After the Nuptial Solemnities the Portugueses applyed themselves again to the War Santaren a Town of note seated on the Banks of Tagus was surprized and the Moors expell'd With the Booty taken in this Action the King founded the Monastery of Alcobaça of the Order of St. Bernard as he had vowed to do if he took that Town There was great strife betwixt Albohali head of the Family of the Almoravides and Abdelmon of the Almohades a New rising Family among the Moors about the Empire of Africk This gave the Christians an opportunity of subduing the Moors in Spain and indeed nothing supported them but the Wars we had among our selves Such was the Peace the Moors injoy'd in some places that they gave themselves to study and several Learned Men flourished among them especially at Cordova In this number some reckon Anicenne tho' others affirm he was never in Spain Averroes now â—â— fit Commentaries on Aristotle and Avenzor was Famous in Mathematicks especially Astrology Thus much of Cordova In Portugal the Christians took by force of Arms the Town of Sintra seated near the Promonrtorâ— by the Ancients called Artabrum and not far from the Mouth of Tagus This was a Convement place to receive Foreign Succours and Fleets arriv'd there from England France and Flanders bringing such considerable supplies that the King resolved to lay Siege to Lisbon the Metropolis of Portugal But before we Treat of that Famous Siege let us look back upon what we left behind Whilst these things hap'ned in Portugal the Aragonians and Navarrois were at War Both strove to bring D. Alonso of Castile to their part but Raymund Earl of Barcelona having
to return into France by Land about Autumn dismiss'd many hir'd Ships they had iâ— the 〈◊〉 Roses to 〈…〉 Charges Mean while Roger Lauria Admiral of Aragon having takeâ— the 〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉 Part of Italy came with great speed to relieve the King of Aragon being come upon the Coast of Spain he fell upon the French Fleet then out of Port consisting of few Ships and those unprovided and so easily overthrew them John Scoâ—us the French â—dmiral was 〈…〉 with 15 Galleys 12 others fled to the Port of Roses whence they had 〈◊〉 Their 〈…〉 burnt not only them but the very Town such was their Consteâ—nation and fled to the Camp whither they carry'd the News of their Defeat The King of France finding all things more Difficult than he had expected and much griev'd with Sickness repair'd 〈…〉 and leaving a strong Garrison in it march'd with the remainder of his Army towards Roussillon On the Pyrenâ—an Mountains the whole Army was in great Danger the Aragonians having secur'd all the Passes in hopes to take the King of France who by reason of his Indisposition was carry'd upon Men's Shoulders Great loss was sustain'd much Baggage lost and what was worst of all the King fatigu'd with the Journey dâ—'d at Peâ—pignan on the 6th of 〈◊〉 His Body as he had order'd was carry'd to the Church of â—â— Denis near Pariâ—s His Son Philip the Fair or the Beautiful succeeded him being before that King of Navarre Upon the Departure of the French all the â—had taken was recover'd by the 〈◊〉 Besides Prince Alonso sâ—nt over by his Father to that effect took all the Island of Majorca in 〈…〉 that the King of it had joyn'd with the French 〈…〉 his own Brother The King of 〈◊〉 design'd to pursue his good Fortune and had new Design◠〈…〉 to strengthen himself when Death put a Period to all his Resolutions He dy'd at 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 8th Day of November in the Prime of his Age being but 〈…〉 Six Years old 〈…〉 the height of his Glory He was call'd the Great for that 〈…〉 Sicily to his Dominions and for his other memorable Exploits He was an 〈…〉 being of â—â— only Presence Presence of large Stature a generous Spirit well skill'd at all Weapons especially in wielding a Pole-Ax He had a particular Way of â—â—ining Peoples Affections with Good Words Courtesey and Liberality He leâ—t no other Reflection on himself but his lying under an Excommunication till the end of his Life the Thoughts whereof often perplexed him and particularly at the Hour of his Death He was resolv'd of that Scruple in the last Agâ—ny by the Arch-Bishop of Tarragona having exacted to Oath from him that he would for the future be obedient to the Church His Body was Buried in the Monastery of Santa Cruz which is near that Place His Children went D. Alonso the Eldest whom in his Will he appointed Heir of his Kingdoms without making particular mention of Sicily then Jayme 〈◊〉 Peter Elizabeth and the 〈◊〉 Constance all Born of Queen Constance his Wife Arnaldus de Vallanova a most famous 〈◊〉 of those times was with the King when he dy'd This Man and all his Works were afterwards condemn'd by the Inquisitions Tostatus affirms he attempted with Humour 〈◊〉 and other 〈◊〉 to form a Man and that tho' it took not effect he went a great way towards it 〈…〉 is not our Business to argue the Truth of this Assertion CHAP. VII The King of Castile and Portugal meet D. Lope de Haro flies to Navarre A Treaty in order to release the two Princes of Castile Charles Prince of Salerno set at Liberty France and Castile joyn against Aragon Denis King of Portugal his Issue THis Year unfortunate in the Death of so many Princes was in some measure bless'd with the Birth of Prince Ferdinand Son to the King of Castile and born at Sevil while his Father was gone to Badajoz to appease some Troubles that were in those Parts The Care of his Education was committed to Hernan â—once â—â— Leon a Man of great Note and Zamora was appointed for his Residence as being a Place 〈…〉 and Pleasant Moreover the following Year which was 1286 in the Cortes or Parliament he was sworn Heir to the Crownâ— which was his Father's chiefest Caâ—e both in respect he fear'd his Nephews as also because his Marriage with the Queen was illegal upon account of Consanguinity He endeavour'd to obtain a Dispensation but could never Prevail with the Popes the King of France always opposing it in favour of the two excluded Princes his near Kinsmen King Sancho labour'd by all means to gain his Good Will and to that purpose sent the same Embassadors who went to him the Year 〈◊〉 and were the Bishop of Calaherra and Abbot of Valludoliâ— Philip the 〈◊〉 King of France was Crown'd at Rheimes on the 6th of January In Sicily Prince Jayme as soon as he neard of the Death of his Father took upon him the Title of King of Sicily and Prince of Apulia and 〈◊〉 as being possess'd of a good Part of the Kingdom of Napâ—â—â— and hoping in a short time to be Master of all that remain'd Yet all places were well fortify'd and provided to oppose the Siciliaâ—â— though the Valour and Industry â—â— Robert Earl of Arras to whom the King of France after the Death of King Charles had committed the Care of the Kingdom of Naples 〈◊〉 the III. King of Aragon being sometime taken up in fitting out a Fleet to invade Majorca and Minorca as was left him in Charge by his Father delay'd his Coronation â—â— the 14th of 〈◊〉 being Easter Sunday He was crown'd at Zaragaca by the Bishop of 〈◊〉 the See of Tarragona whose that Honour was being then vacant and took the usual Oath to preserve the Liberties of the People The Expences of the Royal Family were retrench'd and at the Cortes or Parliament held at Huesca the King granted that Valencia sometime before annex'd to the Crown of Aragon should be govern'd according to the Law◠〈…〉 that Kingdom Gonçalo Archbishop of Toledo a Person of great Esteem with the King here him company to S. Sebastian in order to a Conference between him and the King of France but they met not However the Arch-Bishop was sent by King Sancho and the Duke of Burgundy by him of France to Bayonne where a Treaty of Peace was earnestly labour'd upon The French would give Ear to no Proposals unless King Sancho would put away his Wife to whom he was illegally Married by reason of their Consanguinity and Marry one of the King of France his Sisters which were 〈…〉 after Wife to Edward King of England and Blanch Marry'd to the Duke of Austria King Sancho would hot be perswaded to putaway a Virtuous Wife by whom he had a Son and â— Daughter so the Treaty broke off and he return'd to the Queen to Vitoria The King was highly affended at the
Now by means of King Sancho they were reconcil'd and pardon'd The Kings parted about the end of the Year when he of Morocco rais'd his Siege and returu'd to Africk fearing Benedict Zacharias who was Equipping a great Fleet upon the Coast of Galicia besides the Town was strong and bravely defended These things concluded Spain at length was restor'd to Peace both at Home and Abroad Only D. John de Lara could not be pacify'd therefore King Sancho bent his Force against him and took the Towns of Moya and Canete which he had given him when he return'd from Aragon D. John having no Refuge left in Spain fled to France After him went the Arch-Bishop of Toledo sent by King Sancho to appease that King and continue the Amity that was betwixt them excusing the League made with Aragon as of absolute Necessity to prevent Civil-Wars The King of France answer'd he was no ways displeas'd at it but that his Brother Charles would freely renounce his Claim to Aragon provided that King would restore Sicily to the See of Rome While these things were in Agitation at the beginning of the Year 1292. Benedict Zacharias Admiral of Castile on the Coast of Africk fought 20 Galleys of the Moors and took 13 of them This Loss prevented the King of Morocco from passing over to Spain again as he had intended having a great Army ready for that purpose at Tangier King Sancho was encourag'd by this Success to set down before Tarifa which after a long Siege he took on the 21st of September The King of Portugal tho it was ask'd sent no Succour At the same time the Queen of Castile at Sevil was deliver'd of a Son call'd Philip. At first Roderick Master of the Knights of Calatrara was made Governour of Tarifa afterwards Alonso Perez de Gusman offer'd to defend it for one third of what was given to other Governours He had gather'd much Mony not only in Spain but in Africk while he serv'd the King of Morocco With it he bought several Towns in Andaluzia and added them to his paternal Estate He also gave great Alms and was therefore call'd the Good which Name his Family still keeps up From him are descended the Dukes of Medina Sidonia D. Alonso had a Son call'd John and a Grandson by him of the same Name marry'd to Beatrix Bastard Daughter to King Henry the II. who gave him the Town of Niebla in Dower with the Title of an Earl and therefore he call'd his Son Henry John the Son of Henry was by King Henry the Fourth created Duke of Medina Sidonia which Title continues in the Family Let us return to the Kings CHAP. X. Alcala de Henares made an Vniversity Tarifa Besieg'd by the Moors A brave Action of the Governour Sancho King of Castile dyes Ferdinand the Fourth succeeds Peace betwixt France and Aragon POpe Nicholas the Fourth and Sancho King of Castile earnestly endeavour'd to compose the Differences betwixt France and Aragon The Pope sent to this purpose Boniface Calamandra a Knight of S. John into Aragon but Death put a stop to his good Intentions The Sea of Rome was vacant two Years the Cardinals not agreeing King Sancho as to the Affairs of Aragon made amends for the want of a Pope for having receiv'd a favourable Answer from the King of France he invited the Aragonian to Guadalajara hoping they would terminate that Affair They met but nothing was concluded only they agreed upon another Conference at Logron̄o and invited Charles King of Naples thither who came not the Reason is not known but the Aragonian restor'd him his Children as had been promis'd by his Brother The following Year 1293. the Kings of Castile and Aragon met at Logron̄o all the fruit of the Conference was that they grew Jealous of each other The Father in Law treated the Son harshly and wrested all things to his own Advantage From that time the Aragonian began to have no Kindness for the Lady Elizabeth and to think of another Match and to this purpose pleaded Consanguinity and want of a Dispensation By the means of Calamandra he had a Conference with the King of Naples at Junquera where they treated of Contracting an Allyance by Marriage but very privately Time that discloses all Secrets made it appear they consulted about the Restitution of Sicily and marrying the King of Aragon to Blanch the Daughter of King Charles At this time King Sancho by a special Charter granted there should be publick Schools at Alcalà de Henares with the same Priviledges as at Salamanca Elizabeth Wife to D. John de Lara the younger dying the Lordship of Molina return'd to the King as next of Blood D. John de Lara the younger and Prince John the King's Brother began to raise Tumults The King to prevent a War reduc'd them by fair means D. John de Lara and his Father who now return'd from France were reconcil'd to the King Prince John the King's Brother retiring to Portugal thence together with D. John de Albuquerque made Incursions into the Country of Leon. The King sent D. John de Lara the Elder with Forces to oppose him but he was overthrown and taken Being set at Liberty he came to Toro where the King was very joyful for that he had a Daughter born there call'd Beatrix There was a Report that the King of Granada design'd to make War and he of Morocco to return into Spain therefore the King sent D. John de Lara with his two Sons D. John and D. Nun̄o to the Frontiers of Andaluzia But all this came to nothing for the Moorish Kings were quiet and D. John de Lara dy'd at Cordova This Storm being blown over Prince John the King's Brother rais'd another for he being commanded by the King of Portugal lest he should seem to infringe the Peace to depart his Kingdom went over to Tangier The King of Morocco thinking he might be of Use for carrying on the War in Spain entertain'd him Honourably and sent him with 5000 Horse to attack Tarifa Passing over into Spain he batter'd that Place with all manner of Engines and the Besieg'd encourag'd by their Commander Alonso Perez de Gusman and the Strength of their Wall defended themselves as resolutely It happen'd the Governour 's only Son was taken whom the Moors presented to the View of the Besieged threatning to cut off his Head unless they Surrendred The Father not the least daunted answer'd if he had an Hundred Sons they should all dye sooner than he would Stain his Honour by delivering that Place he had been Entrusted with and to shew his Resolution threw a Sword down from the Wall for them to Execute him with This done he went away to Dinner Soon after he return'd call'd by a great shout the Souldiers gave seeing those Bloody Barbarians execute the Innocent Child The Fact was more hainous because done by the Command of Prince John The Father understanding the Cause of that
this Condition he resolv'd to have recourse to Foreigners The King of Portugal was a declar'd Enemy of Castile therefore he resolv'd to try whether the King of Aragon would relieve him To this purpose he wrote to him begging his Assistance and pondering how great a Service it was to Christendom and how much Honour would redound to him by so Noble an Action The King of Aragon answer'd extolling his Loyalty but as to Relief said he could send none for that he had but just before concluded a Peace with the Moors and could not in Honour break his word Another War broke out at the same time from Portugal That King march'd with his Army as far as Salamanca Prince John King Ferdinand's Uncle and D. John NunÌ„ez de Lara joyn'd him after the Aragonian Army return'd home Having consulted what was best to be done it was thought expedient to Besiege Valladolid where King Ferdinand was With this Resolution they advanc'd to Simancas within Two Leagues of that City There many Gentlemen deserted the Portuguese Camp looking upon it as a shameful thing that a King should be Besieg'd by his Subjects The King of Portugal fearing lest the rest should do the same and securing the Passes he might find it difficult to return home besides Winter drawing on march'd hastily to Medina del Campo and thence to Portugal dismissing his Army The Forces the Queen had prepared for this War went by her Order to Besiege the Town of Paredes Nothing was done there for that Prince Henry with the Forces he had gather'd in Castile and the Kingdom of Toledo prevented their Design He pretended it was not proper to disturb the Cortes or Parliament then Sitting by bringing the War so near to them but in truth he was disgusted with the King and favour'd his Enemies The Queen dissembled and endeavour'd to gain him by Favours giving him at that same time the Towns of Santislevaâ— de Gormaz and 〈…〉 By the same means she drew to her D. John NunÌ„ez de Lara tho' no Confidence â—ould be reposed in him for he would have gone over to the Aragonians had they given him the Town of Albarazin The Cortes were held at Valladolid in the beginning of the year 1297. and there being great scarcity of Mony all Places promis'd to furnish a great Sum which they afterwards perform'd At the same time by the Valour of John Alonso de Haro the Navarrois were put to Flight who had surpriz'd part of the Town of Najara designing to recover those Parts they had old Pretensions to and particularly the Territory of Rioja D. Jayme King of Aragon at Rome whither he was call'd by the Pope was Proclaim'd King of Sardinia and Corsica Thither went from Sicily Constance his Mother Violante his Sister Roger Lauria the Admiral and John Prochita A Match was concluded betwixt the Lady Violante and Robert Duke of Calabria Heir to the Kingdom of Naples The Nuptials were perform'd with great State Pope Boniface himself officiating King Frederick prepar'd to defend the Kingdom which had been given him by so general a Consent of the People War was declar'd against him as the disturber of the Peace of Christendom and his Brother the King of Aragon appointed Generalissimo All things being thus order'd the King of Aragon return'd home to prepare for the War Rogor Lauria was sent to Naples to serve that King Queen Constance and John Prochita weary of so many Troubles and pitying the unfortunate State of Sicily stay'd at Rome Some say they both dy'd there but most Authors agree she ended her days Five Years after at Barcelona and was buried in the Monastery of St. Francis where there is a Tomb to this day with an Inscription and her Name CHAP. II. Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal setled by the means of double Allyances betwixt those Princes The Progress of the Wars in Sicily The Jubilee first instituted Bilbao Built and Prince John reconcil'd to the King THE King of Aragon being return'd home the Towns of Lerida Vlia Filera and Salvatierra were restored to the Crown of Navarre in pursuance of the Articles made at Agnani not fulfill'd till then Alonso Ronco a Frenchman was Viceroy of Navarre in the year 1298. The City Albarazin was taken from the King of Aragon's Bastard Brother and restor'd to D. John de Lara on pretence of doing him Justice but indeed to draw over that powerful Man D. John took the Oath of Fidelity to the King at Valencia on the 7th day of April This the King of Aragon did to strengthen himself to invade at once Castile and Sicily Attempts too great for his Power The King of Sicily forsaken on all sides was most exposed to Ruin He of Castile was reconcil'd to the King of Portugal by the means of two Matches that were concluded The one was betwixt King Ferdinand and Constance the Daughter of King Denis tho' she was under Age. They were Contracted with great Solemnity at Alcaniz a Town on the Borders of Portugal and the Publick Joy was the greater for that Blanch King Ferdinand's Sister was Marry'd to Prince Alonso Son and Heir to King Denis tho' but eight years Old which was the other Match The Bride was deliver'd to her Father-in-Law and carry'd to Portugal So eager were the Castilians upon securing of Peace that tho' nothing was given in Dower by the Portuguesse with his Daughter King Ferdinand with his Sister gave the Towns of Olivença Conguela and Campo de Moya which was no small disgrace to Castile but the necessity of the Times excus'd it All the King of Portugal did was to send 300 chosen Horse under the Command of D. John de Albuquerque to serve the King of Castile against Prince John his Uncle who stil'd himself King of Leon but all this came to nothing and those Horse return'd to Portugal as they came D. Alonso de la Cerda on the other side had taken Almazan and other Towns upon the Frontiers of Aragon and Garrison'd them Siguença was Attack'd by D. John de Lura but defended by the Valour of the Citizens The Conspirators wanted Mony and therefore lest Provisions and the Souldiers Pay should fail they Coin'd Some but of base Allay Denis King of Portugal at the Request of his Son-in-law brought a good Body of Men to his Assistance by the way of Cuidad Rodrigo but being more inclinable to Peace than that Time would bear he return'd to Portugal dissatisfy'd The reason of his disgust was that he would have the Province of Galicia given to Prince John who call'd himself King and to his Heirs and that he should keep the City Leon during his Life The Queen and Nobility of Castile would not consent to those Conditions as dishonourable and prejudicial Upon the King of Portugal's Return some Nobles of Castile whom Fear before aw'd began to Revolt But the great Wisdom of the Queen pacify'd them giving every one as much as
he could expect to gain by Rebelling Sicily was now distress'd with War Roger Lauria serv'd the French and Fortune seem'd to incline to the Side he took Many Towns in Italy were taken by his Conduct whereupon in Sicily he was Attainted of Treason and a great Estate that had been given him for his good Services was confiscated Soon after having taken the City Cantazara in Calabria and besieging the Castle he was Overthown in Battel by a much less Number of the Enemy many of his Men slain and the rest escap'd by the Favour of the Night His too great Contempt of the Enemy and Fighting with the Sun in his Face are said to have been the Causes of this Misfortune Roger Lauria himself being wounded lurk'd about some time till he made his Escape into Aragon meditating Revenge being the more sensible of this Disgrace for that it was the first that befell him From Aragon the King and Roger Lauria set Sail with a mighty Fleet in which were no less than 80 Galleys They went directly to Rome where the Pope Blest their Standard and gave them his Benediction At Naples Robert Duke of Calabria joyn'd them with another Squadron They scour'd the Coast of Sicily where at first they found less Opposition than had been expected The City Patti and some other Places about it were taken then turning Cape Milazzo near Mecina and passing the Streight they came to the City Siracusa and laid Siege to it Whilst the Forces of Aragon were employ'd at that Siege the People of Patti ran to Arms expell'd the Garrison and besieg'd the Castle which was possess'd by the Aragonians John Lauria was sent by the King with 20 Galleys to relieve the besieg'd and furnish'd them with Provisions and all other Necessaries but as he return'd was beaten by the Mecineses who lay in wait for him with a Squadron in the Streight and he with 16 of his Galleys taken The occasion of this disaster was thus the Sicilians were better acquainted with that swelling and rapid Streight where they Fought which is betwixt Italy and Sicily Siracusa held out bravely being encouraged by King Frederick who lay not far off waiting to lay hold on any Advantage that should offer Thus the Aragonians were constrain'd to raise the Siege having lost 18000 Men by Sickness At Mecina John Lauria was try'd and condemn'd as a Traytor and had his Head cut off Roger Lauria rav'd with Passion knowing that Affront was offer'd to him but could not then seek Revenge being gone into Spain with the King of Aragon As soon as the Winter was over they both return'd to Sicily with a greater Fleet than before Robert and Philip the King of Naples his Two Sons joyn'd them by the way They sail'd together to Cape Orlando near the City Patti the Fleet consisting of 56 Galleys and a great number of other Vessels King Frederick finding his Men in Heart since their last success tho' inferiour in Strength not having above 40 Galleys resolved to Fight but was defeated several of his Galleys taken and the rest put to Flight Roger Lauria in Revenge for his Cousin us'd great Cruelty towards the Prisoners killing many of them and among others Conrade Lança a Man of Note which drew the Catalonians into great Hatred King Frederick himself was in great danger for after a Brave Defence he fainted away and yet his Men brought off his Galley which with a few others got into Mecina The King of Aragon return'd into Spain being call'd by his People but the Pope and King of Naples were offended at him That memorable Battel was fought on a Saturday being the 4th of July 1299. The same year dy'd at Rome Gonçalo Cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo as appears by the Inscription on his Tomb in the Church of St. Mary the Greater in that City D. Gonçalo the IIId his Nephew succeeded him The French who remain'd in Sicily to prosecute their Victory divided their Forces Robert and Roger Lauria laid Siege to Rendazzo a strong Place in the mid-way between Patti and Catanea Philip Duke of Taranto went with part of the Fleet to scour the Coast about Cape Trapana King Frederick came upon him so unexpectedly that he was defeated and taken Prisoner which occasion'd a Treaty of Peace and those two Nations concluded an Allyance as Fortunate as the War had been Destructive It was now the last year of this Century viz. 1300. remarkable for the Jubile first instituted by Pope Boniface who ordain'd that every hundred years there should be a full remission of sins to all those that visited the Churches of Rome Clement the VIth reduc'd it to every 50 years and afterwards Sixtus the IVth considering the shortness of Man's Life to 25. In Biscay this year was Built the famous City Bilbao on the Bank of the River Ibaisebolo two Leagues from the Sea a Place of great Trade and therefore the Inhabitants of Bermeo all remov'd thither The King of Aragon founded an University at Lerida Navarre enjoyed a perfect Peace under the Government of the Viceroy Alonso Roleedo who sent Embassadors to the Queen of Castile then at Valladolid to demand Restitution of all the Country as far as Atapuerca a Town near Burgos alledging it appertain'd to the Crown of Navarre and had been wrongfully possess'd by the Kings of Castile The Queen entertain'd the Embassadors Nobly but gave them no satisfactory Answer whereupon they repair'd to D. Alonso de la Cerda and D. John Nun̄ez de Lara who having in vain attempted Valencia were retir'd to Duen̄as D. Alonso having heard the Embassadors easily granted what he had not and D. John de Lara was sent to France to desire Succours Little was done in that matter tho' D. Alonso de la Cerda and his Brother both follow'd D. John into France for they got nothing but good words and leave to raise Men in Navarre the King of France being engaged in a War in Flanders They accordingly form'd a Body in Navarre and making an Incursion into the Territory of Calahorra were routed by D. John Alonso de Haro Lord of Cameros D. John de Lara was taken and could not be releas'd till he deliver'd up all the Towns he held for the King and took the Oath of Allegiance The King of Aragon made use of this occasion to take from him the Town of Albarazin he had before given him Prince John the King's Uncle submitted himself in the year 1301. upon these Conditions viz. That he should forbear stiling himself King and restore all Places taken during the War That he should leave the Lordship of Biscay to which he pretended a Title by his Wife to D. James Lopez de Haro That in lieu thereof the Towns of Medina de Ruyseco Castronun̄o Mansilla Paredes and Cebreros be given him to support his Dignity CHAP. III. Of Raimundus Lullus and the Master of Calatrava The Marriage of King
of Castile whom Farax Reduan serv'd with 600 Moorish Horse sent by the King of Granada Count Henry was daily expected out of France with 3000 Lances yet all the Power of Aragon was Inferior to that of Castile wherefore Taraçona Tervel Segorbe Exerica and many other Places surrender'd The Castilians without Opposition peirc'd into the Heart of the Kingdom and took Monviedro On the 20th of July they besieg'd Valencia In Aragon they gave themselves for lost when Count Henry arriving reinforc'd their Army so that they durst advance towards the Enemy But the Army of Castile being much weaken'd with Garrisoning the Towns taken the King would not hazzard a Battel and therefore retir'd to Monviedro The Aragonian perceiving he could not draw the Enemy to a Battel retir'd to Burrlanna a strong Town 2000 Horse were sent by the King of Castile to disturb their March but they did nothing worth taking notice of Whilst these Things were in Agitation in Spain King John of France dy'd at London whether he went to ransom the Hostages left there when he was releas'd His Son Charles the Vth. succeeded him Charles the new King was an utter Enemy to him of Navarre therefore as soon as he was possess'd of the Kingdom he sent Bertran Claquin a famous General with an Army to invade his Territories in France This General took several Towns and overthrew in Battle Philip the King's Brother who soon after dy'd His death mov'd the King of Navarre to propose a Peace betwixt the Kings of Spain Besides he began to pity his Kinsman the King of Aragon and was envious of the Success of the Castilian Hereupon Luis the King of Navarre's Brother and the Abbot of Fuscan the Popes Nuncio went to treat with the King of Castile and found with him the Count de Denia and Bernard de Cabrera Embassadors from the King of Aragon These Gentlemen mollify'd the King of Castile's Heart especially by proposing two Matches one for him with Joanna Daughter to the King of Aragon the other for his Daughter Beatrix with John Duke of Girona Heir of that Crown This is what was propos'd publickly Underhand the death of Henry Earle of Trastamana and Prince Ferdinand of Aragon were contriv'd but the King of Aragon was unwilling to condescend Nevertheless whether it was to please the King of Castile or for any other Reason Prince Ferdinand was put to death at Castellon a Town near Burriana The old Animosities were reviv'd and he was about making his escape into France with some Castilians that follow'd him His Wife flying towards Portugal was taken by the way and afterwards sent to her Father Count Henry was not a little pleas'd at the death of Prince Ferdinand as being thereby deliver'd of a powerful Competitor in his pretensions to the Crown of Castile But his Joy had like to be but short for the next day he was in evident Danger of his Life without knowing any thing of it The Kings of Aragon and Navarre had agreed to meet together with Count Henry in the Castle of Vncastel belonging to the Aragonian on the Borders of Navarre and there to kill him The Count tho ignorant of the Design was jealous and would not go into the Castle To satisfy him John Ramirez de Arellano was made Governour of the Place in whom doubtless the Count had some Confidence and went thither upon his patole Some say this Meeting was at Sos on the Frontiers of Navarre This Caution sav'd Count Henry's Life for the Kings could not prevail with the Governour to suffer him to come to any harm He said the Count was his Friend and besides he had ingag'd his Honour to him and therefore on no account would blast his Reputation with the Name of Treachery About this time Constance Queen of Sicily ended her days at Catanea She left one Daughter called Mary who afterwards inherited her Father's Kingdom which in her right came to Martin Her Husband the Son of another Martin Duke of Monblanc and lastly King of Aragon The Treaty of Peace being broke up the King of Aragon went to Catalonia to provide for his defence He of Castile return'd to Sevil with such eager Desire of renewing the War that about the end of the Year he enter'd the Kingdom of Valencia took the Towns of Alicant Muela Gallosa Denia Gandia and Oliva and in the Month of December laid Siege to Valencia the Metropolis of that Kingdom CHAP. V. Count Henry proclaimed King of Castile King Peter expelled the Kingdom Refus'd entertainment in Portugal gathers a Fleet in Galicia and flies into France to the protection of the English THE King of Aragon who kept his Christmas at Lerida was much surpris'd at this Advance of the Castilians On the 23d of February 1364 he had a Conference with the King of Navarre at Sos. Count Henry was there being reconcil'd to the Two Kings or what is likelyest not knowing what had been design'd against him They make a Confederacy which was not lasting Castile they divided among themselves The King of Navarre was to have Biscay and old Castile he of Aragon the Kingdoms of Murcia and Toledo Count Henry all the other parts Only Bernard de Cabrera lik'd not these Proceedings therefore they resolv'd to kill him which was not so private but he had some notice of it and fled to Navarre Count Henry sent some Officers after him by whom he was apprehended at Carcastillo and deliver'd to the King of Aragon That King having gather'd his Forces march'd to raise the Siege of Valencia The Castilians would not come to a Battel but kept within their Intrenchments and so the Aragonians got into Valencia The Fleet of Castile consisting of 24 Galleys and 46 Ships sail'd to Monviedro there they understood that the Viscount Cardona was with 17 Galleys of Aragon in the River of Cullera The King of Castile made thither resolving to take them but at the Mouth of the River a sudden Tempest forc'd him back to the Port from whence he set out The King himself was in great Danger and therefore as soon as he Landed went in Pilgrimage to the Church of our Lady del Puch to give Thanks He is said to have done this Barefoot and in his Shirt which shews he was not so ungodly as he is represented After this the King of Aragon return'd to Barcelona he of Castile to Murcia and thence to Sevil in the Heat of Summer On the 26th of July Bernard de Cabrera was publickly put to death at Zaragoça the King himself giving Sentence against him and consiscating all his Lands This was doubtless a cruel Act for he had serv'd well was Innocent and had been the King's Tutor all his Crime was speaking the Truth to the King's Advantage but Kings love Flatterers The Queen the King of Navarre Count Henry and Count de Ribagorça contriv'd his death The War continu'd hot Ayora in the Kingdom of Valencia was taken by
stay to besiege it resolving to advance towards his Enemy who was incamp'd at Santaren The King of Portugal being too weak for his Enemy kept himself within the Walls and King Henry march'd away to Lisbon At his first coming he enter'd and burnt the Suburbs but the City being strong and well defended could not be taken However some Ships were burnt in the River and others taken by the Fleet of Castile a great Number of Prisoners and a rich Booty was carry'd away Mean while the Legate ceas'd not to labour for Peace and at last brought the two Kings together into a Boat upon the River Tagus on the 28th of March and they agreed to these Conditions That the King of Portugal by a certain Day should banish his Kingdom the Gentlemen that fled from Castile who were about 500 in Number That all Places taken during that War should be restor'd on both Sides That Beatrix Sister to the King of Portugal should be marry'd to D. Sancho Brother to King Henry and Earl of Albuquerque and Elizabeth Bastard Daughter to the King of Portugal to Alonso the Bastard of King Henry King Ferdinand gave Hostages for Security of Performance D. Sancho and the Lady Beatrix were presently marry'd at Santaren The Lady Elizabeth being but 8 Years of Age was delivered to King Henry and then the two Kings parted King Henry march'd directly against Navarre but the Pope's Legate reconcil'd those two Kings also The Navarrois restor'd the Towns of Victoria and Logron̄o Charles his Son was contracted to Ellenor Daughter to the King of Castile her Portion 120000 Crowns of Gold The Kings met at Briones a Town on the Frontiers where the Princes were marry'd and the King of Navarre gave his younger Son Peter to him of Castile as a Hostage When the King of Navarre return'd out of France he found that Bernard Bishop of Pamplona and Cruzate Dean of Tudela whom he had joyn'd in Commission with the Queen had not discharg'd their Trust faithfully They understanding the King's Displeasure fled the Bishop got to Avignon but the Dean was kill'd by the way as was suspected by the King's order The Bishop went on to Rome where he dy'd CHAP. X. Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Aragon Several Matches of Princes French and Spaniards besiege Bayonne in vain The Papal Chair restor'd to Rome Death of Frederick King of Sicily FRom Briones the King of Castile return'd to the Kingdom of Toledo he of Navarre to his Court whence he sent the Queen into France to appease that King who was highly offended suspecting the Navarrois had employ'd People to Poison him Then the King of Navarre went in Person to Madrid to perswade King Henry to forsake the French and side with the English Offering if he would pay the Arrears due to the Prince of Wales and his Army from King Peter that the English would quit their Claim to the Crown of Castile and lay down all other Animosities King Henry answer'd he would never depart from the Interest of France where he had found Relief in his Distress but that if the English would make Peace with France he would join in it and pay them as much as should be adjudg'd by impartial Judges Thus nothing was concluded and the Navarrois return'd to Pamplona the Castilian to Andaluzia The Lady Mary Daughter to D. Ferdinand de la Cerda marry'd in France to the Earl of Alençon sent to demand of King Henry the Lordships of Biscay and Lara as of right appertaining to her He reply'd if she would send two of her Sons to reside at his Court they should be put into Possession but having better Estates in France they never came In October Balthasar Spinola a Genoese came into Aragon as Embassador from the English to conclude a League against Castile They offer'd him if the Kingdom were conquer'd the Cities of Murcia Cuenca and Soria with all their Dependencies but the King of Aragon could not be prevail'd upon In February happen'd a great Earthquake in the Earldom of Ribagorça in which many Towns were wholly swallow'd up Luis Duke of Anjou came to Carcassonne to endeavour to settle a Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon fearing lest the English the mortal Enemies of France should become Masters of Castile After much debating it was resolv'd to referr the Dicision of their Differences to Guido Cardinal of Bolonia the Pope's Legate On the 15th of October Pope Gregory the XIth confirm'd the Order of the Fryers of S. Hierome first invented by certain Italian Hermits near the City Toledo Some Years after the Order of the Isidorians was taken from this same In December tho Peace could not be concluded a Truce was agreed upon till the Feast of Pentecost In the Year 1374 John Duke of Lancaster landed with an Army at Calis and being join'd by the Duke of Britany march'd across the Country to Bourdeaux with a Design to conquer Castile He sent Embassadors to the Kings of Aragon and Navarre to ask Supplies but they thought it safest to look on as Neuters King Henry fearing this Storm went to Burgos where he made all possible Preparations to withstand it D. Sancho his Brother endeavouring to appease a Sedition among the Souldiers was wounded in the Face with a Spear and dy'd The Lady Beatrix his Wife left with Child was deliver'd of a Daughter called Ellenor who was marry'd to Prince Ferdinand afterwards King of Aragon King Henry near Ban̄ares made a review of his Forces and found 1200 Horse and 5000 Foot a small Number but good Men. The English Forces consum'd by their long March when they came to Bourdeaux were not above 6000 strong and therefore had lay'd aside the Design of entring Spain Luis Duke of Anjou thinking this a good Opportunity to expel them France advis'd King Henry to joyn his Forces with him and besiege Bayonne King Henry took his Advice and besieg'd the Place but was forc'd by the Rains and want of Provisions to quit it Beltran de Guevara Lord of On̄ate did good Service in this Expedition for which the King at his return gave him the Valley of Leniz In August the Prince of Majorca enter'd the Country of Russillon with a powerful Army yet did nothing considerable On the other side the Lord of Bearne and Godfrey Recco a Breton made an Incursion into the Territory of Borgia and destroy'd all they came near The King of Aragon sent Francis de Perellas Viscount Roda to conclude a League with the Duke of Lancaster A violent Storm cast him upon the Coast of Granada where he was made Prisoner by that King in revenge for certain Vessels of his taken by the Aragonians and to please the King of Castile A new Embassy was sent by King Henry to Barcelona to establish Peace with the Aragonian On the 3d of November dy'd in Normandy Joanna Queen of Navarre at whose Request her Brother the King of France often pardon'd her Husband
make Peace and unite their Forces against the Enemies of the Gospel in Asia Death cut him off without doing any thing of what he intended In the Church of the Celestines at Paris there is to this Day an Arch in the Wall of the great Chappel with a curious Marble Tomb and an Inscription signifying LEO King of Armenia lies there The Christian Princes were weary of hearing the Legates of the Two Popes The King of Castile resolv'd to hold the Cortes at Medina del Campo to decide this debate in Castile The Legates of both Popes labour'd hard to be receiv'd believeing all Spain would follow whatever was decreed there Opinions differ'd some were for the one some for the other but the wiser sort were for standing Neuter as if there were no Pope till a general Councel had determin'd that Controversy Mean while the Queen on the 28th of November was deliver'd of a Son who was call'd Ferdinand exceeded all the Princes his contemporaries in greatness of Spirit and good fortune and at length came to be King of Aragon A great Number of Benedictine Monks came to the Cortes complaining that the Noble Men who were their Patrons did them signal Wrongs whereupon it was order'd that the King alone should be their Protector which lasted during his Reign D. Peter de Luna was one of the Cardinals that favour'd Clement who at the beginning of the Year 1381 sent him as his Legate into Spain to draw those Kings to his Party In Aragon he effected nothing but in Castile the Cortes which had been adjourn'd to Salamanca on the 20th of May acknowledg'd Pope Clement who resided at Aivignon The Interest of France sway'd more with them than Equity and Justice Many look'd upon it as a Judgment for this wrongful Decree that Queen Joanna the King's Mother a most Pious Woman and of so great Charity that she was call'd the Mother of the Poor dy'd soon after During her Widowhood she wore the Habit of a Nun and was bury'd with it at Toledo near her Husband Henry CHAP. III. Charles Duke of Durazzo Crown'd King of Naples The War with Portugal Peace concluded The King of Portugal dies Actions of the Aragonians and Catalonians in Greece And of the former in Sardinia CHarles Duke of Durazzo call'd by Pope Vrban came out of Hungary into Italy The Florentines gave him a great Summ of Mony that he might not enter Tuscany in warlike manner At Rome the Pope gave him the Title of Senator of that City and crown'd him King of Naples All things succeeded better than he had expected for all places even the City of Naples receiv'd him joyfully The Queen fortify'd herself in Castel Nuovo Otho her Husband was defeated and taken whereupon she deliver'd her self up to the Victor Soon after she was hang'd in the same place where she had strangl'd her Husband Andreasso Otho was set at Liberty Thus Pope Vrban was successful The Duke of Anjou had enter'd Italy with a powerful Army but he dy'd in Apulia Prince Luis of Navarre and the new King Charles had married two Sisters but that Prince was not with him in this Expedition being ingag'd in a War for recovering of Athens and Neopatria on the account of the antient Title the Kings of Naple had to those Dominions The chief of that Country being descended from Catalonia ceas'd not to invite the King of Aragon to take possession of those Dutchies as at last he did A new Storm broke out betwixt Castile and Portugal which reduc'd the Country to great Streights and put King John in danger of losing his Kingdom The English and Portugueses entred into a League and joyn'd their Forces against Castile The English pretended a right to the Crown of Castile because the Duke of Lancaster had marry'd the eldest Daughter of King Peter and the King of Portugal was not pleas'd to see his Title laid aside Besides he look'd upon John as an Excommunicated Person for adhering to Clement whereas Portugal was for Pope Vrban Alonso Earl of Gijon laid hold of this Opportunity to mutiny King John hasten'd to Oviodo the capital City of Asturias to reduce him and at the same time order'd Levies to be made and a Fleet equip'd against Portugal The Earl easily submitted but whether sincerely will appear hereafter The Rendezyouz of the Army was appointed at Simancas Assoon as all things were in readiness the King repair'd thither march'd directly into Portugal and laid Siege to Almeyda a Town not far from Badajoz The Place being strong and bravely defended the Siege went on slowly At Sea 16 Galleys of Castile met with 23 of Portugal They fought and the Castilians obtain'd a memorable Victory taking 20 of the Enemies Galleys and in them their Admiral D. Alonso Telez Earl of Barcelos This Victory had been more advantagious if well prosecuted but the Admiral of Castile Fernan Sanchez de Tovar satisfy'd with what he had done return'd to Castile which gave the Portugueses time to recover themselves and the English Fleet to come to Lisbon which was the greatest damage Nevertheless King John encourag'd by that Success sent a formal Challenge to the Enemy by a Herauld offering as soon as Almeyda were taken to advance two Days March to meet him The English being hot and resolute were for Fighting but they wanted Horse having brought none in the Fleet and it being difficult to raise them in Portugal Therefore the Herauld contrary to Justice was secur'd Winter drawing on the King of Castile withdrew without doing any thing of Moment but resolving to return with a greater Power at the beginning of the Spring of the following Year 1382. The Earl of Gijon again rebell'd and fled to Bragança but his Friends forsaking him and the Marques de Villena interposing he again submitted and was the second time pardon'd by the King The Marques for his good Service was created Constable an Honour new in Castile tho long us'd in other Countries Fernan Alvarez de Toledo and Peter Ruiz Sarmiento were made Mareschals equal to our Major-Generals Winter being spent the Randezvous was again appointed at Simancas that Country being plentiful to supply the Army As soon as all was in a readyness the King set out for Badajoz being inform'd that the Enemy design'd to invade Castile that way and were already advanc'd as far as Elvas which is but three Leagues from Badajoz The Portugues Forces were 3000 Horse and a great Number of Foot the English 3000 Horse and as many Archers In the Army of Castile were 5000 Horse and a much greater Number of Foot all old Soldiers and eager to fight Yet the King of Castile rather than put all to the hazard of a Battel thought good to make overtures of Peace D. Alonso de Castro was sent to make the Proposals The English were inclinable to harken to Peace being sorry they had undertaken a trouble some War so far from Home notwithstanding
enterment of his Father being then Sick at Girona nor attend the Government then in Confusion the Queen Dowager her Brother and many Men of Note being imprison'd they endeavour'd to fly for fear of the new King The Queen was accus'd by a Jew of having given her Husband some bewitching Potion severals were tortur'd and put to death on this account and the Queen condemn'd to the Wrack but it was not put in Execution yet all her Estate was seiz'd and she only allow'd a Pension to live on The first thing the King did was the submitting his Kingdom to Pope Clement as Castile and Navarre had done before John Earl of Ampurias being at Barcelona in Hopes to be rewarded for his Services to the new King while Prince was cast into Prison upon Pretence that he had call'd in the French to recover his Estate D. Ximeno Peres de Arenos the King's Lord Chamberlain was sent to compose the Affairs of Sardinia He agreed with the Lady Ellenor Arborea in behalf of her Son Marianus whom she had by her Husband Brancaleon Doria That the Judicature of Arborea should remain to them and their Heirs That for other Towns they pretended Right to they should be left to Arbitration That all Places taken during the War should be restor'd Both Parties having Sign'd these Articles the War ceas'd CHAP. VII Peace Concluded with the English The Heir of Castile in imitation of the Prince of Wales in England is created Prince of Asturias A Truce with Portugal and the Moors King John of Castile kill'd by a fall from his Horse THE Treaty of Peace with the English was still afoot and yet the War was vigorously Prosecuted 600 English Horse and as many Archers for the rest were consum'd with Sickness sat down before Benavente whith them 2000 Portuguese Horse and 6000 Foot Alvaro Osoiro the Governour defended the Place bravely and did the Enemy some Harm The King of Castile was unwilling to hazard a Battel which gave the Enemy the Opportunity of taking some Towns in that Neighbourhood Yet their Loss was greater than the Advantage they could propose to themselves for the Flague rag'd among the Foreigners and Famine consum'd them all Therefore after two Months spent in the Siege they return'd into Portugal The Treaty of Peace drew near to a Conclusion therefore the King of Castile sent back the Succours that came to him from France He also sent Embassadors to the Duke of Lancaster with Power to conclude The Duke was at Trancoso a Town in Portugal there he receiv'd the Embassadors The Articles agreed upon were That the King's Son and Duke's Daughter should immediately be contracted That the Bride by way of Joynture should have Soria Atiença Almaçan and Molina That the Dutchess her Mother should have Gaudalajara Medina del Campo and Olmedo That the Duke should have 600000 Florines paid him at certain times appointed and 40000 yearly during his Life and the Life of his Wife Constance These are the Heads of that Agreement The King of Portugal storm'd not thinking himself secure as long as he of Castile reign'd On the other side the Duke complain'd that the King had consummated the Marriage with his Daughter before the dispensation came and therefore from Porto sail'd directly for Bayonne in France Upon his Departure the Towns in Galicia that held for the English submitted to their King as did the Gentry that sided with them having obtain'd Pardon The King of Castile commonly resided at Salamanca or Toro to be at Hand upon all Occasions He sent Embassadors to Bayonne to ratify what had been concluded The greatest Difficulty lay in raising the Mony to pay the Duke of Lancaster To this intent the Cortes met at Briviesca about the beginning of the Year 1388. To oblige his Subjects the King granted all their Requests It was design'd to lay the Tax upon Estates without exempting the Nobility or Clergy but the great Ones opposing it as a Breach of Privilege other Methods were found out After the Cortes broke up the Kings of Castile and Navarre met first at Calahorra then at Navarrets where they renew'd their antient Friendship Queen Ellenor bore her Husband company and with his Consent stay'd in Castile to try whether her Country Air could cure her as she pretended but in reality to be parted from him as afterwards appear'd After this interview the King of Castile appointed the City of Palencia for the Cortes to meet because the Plague was still at Burgos Here his Son was with great Pomp marry'd to the Duke of Lancaster's Daughter Their Ages were not answerable the Prince being but 10 Years of Age the Lady Catharine 19. The eldest Sons of the Kings of England are call'd Princes of Wales In imitation of them the King of Castile created his Son Prince of Asturias and gave him the Lordships of Bijar and Andujar which Custom has continu'd to our Days and so we shall hereafter call the Heir of the Crown The chief Thing done at the Cortes was setling how the Mony for the Duke of Lancaster should be rais'd That done and Peace concluded Constance the Dutchess King Peter's Daughter laying aside the Title of Queen came in August to Medina del Campo to see the King who entertain'd her nobly and gave her the City Huete Betwixt the King and the Duke rich Presents pass'd particularly the Duke sent the King a very curious Crown of Gold The Dutchess went to Guadalajara and took Possession of that Place about the beginning of the Year 1389 The King stay'd at Madrid thither came Embassadors to him from the Duke of Lancaster desiring they might meet on the Borders of Guienne and Biscay He set out in order to it but fell sick by the Way at Burgos yet went on as far as Victoria where he took leave of the Dutchess sending some Persons of Note to bear her Company and excuse him to her Husband on account of his Indisposition In reality he fear'd meeting the Duke left he should endeavour to take him off from siding with the French and he was unwilling to disoblige the Duke or break with France The Duke thus disappointed communicated his Design to the Embassadors who answer'd they had no Orders about that Affair and so return'd to Victoria On the 13th of March as they were digging a Foundation in some part of the Church of S. Engracia at Zaragoça they found two Tombs with Inscriptions the one of S. Engracia the other of S. Lupercius Among the Articles made with the English there was one that any of the Allyes of either part should be admitted into that Treaty The Cortes of Castile met at Segovia and sent Embassadors to Portugal to try whether that King would come into the League He puss'd up with Success had resolv'd to continue the War and invade Galicia yet by the Industry of F. Ferdinand de Illescas one of the Embassadors he agreed to a Truce for
Almighty God for this Success and consecrated the great Mosque Roderick de Narvaez was left Governour of the City and Castle and took his Oath accordingly Some other small Towns and Castles were taken and all the Country of the Moors wasted Then Autumn being near stept the Army return'd to Sevil and was receiv'd with great demonstrations of Joy The End of the Nineteenth Book THE History of SPAIN The Twentieth BOOK CHAP. I. The State of Christendom Nine Judges appointed in Aragon to decide the Dispute about the Succession Arguments us'd by each of the Candidates The Government of King John of Portugal NOT only Spain but all Christendom was afflicted with bloody Wars civil Discord and such Confusions as made even Peace it self dangerous and destructive Italy was consum'd by the Schism that had continu'd so many Years and the unlimited Ambition of three Popes each pretending a Right to S. Peter's Chair This was in a great Measure the fault of the Emperors who ought to put a stop to those growing Evils Ladislaus King of Naples on the one side supported Pope Gregory the XIIth On the other Luis Duke of Anjou favour'd the Popes of Avignon Galeazzo Duke of Milan made his Advantage of these confusions to enlarge his Dominions and had taken Bâ—lania Abortus the Emperor dying the Empier of Germany was in an Uproar Wencestanâ— King of Bohemia by his neglect of the Government gave occasion to John Hus and Hierome of Prague to start new Opinions and raise Tumults The Eastern Empire since Tamorlan overthrew the Turks enjoy'd some Peace but they having somewhat recover'd themselves it was fear'd they would again pass the Helespent and subdue Greece To provide against this Storm Emanuel Palâ—â—ogus the Emperor went to Venice and thence pass'd into France to obtain Succours but his Labour was lost for that Kingdom was involv'd in War and full of Distractions since the Duke of Burgundy murder'd the Duke of Orleans In Aragon since the Death of King Martin the People were divided and could not agree who should inherit that Crown A civil War was much fear'd the all possible means were us'd to adjust that Affair by the Sentence of the Laws Many Meetings were held upon this Account and at first nothing was concluded These Troubles caused the Interest of Aragon to sink in Sardinia notwithstanding Peter Torrellas did what he could to support it tho with small Hopes of Success his Forces being inconsiderable and no Supplies coming to him from Spain In Sicily Bernard de Cabrera committed many Insolencies and at last presum'd to besiege the Queen Dowager in the Castle of Syracusa The King of Navarre understanding her Danger in his return from France took Barcelona in his way and arriv'd there on the 20th of December preceeding the Year 1411 to sollicit that the Queen his Daughter might return home for that since she had no Children it was not reasonable she should govern that Kingdom exposing her self for the Advantage of others The Government of Castile was divided betwixt the Queen Mother and Prince Ferdinand a dangerous Method especially for that some ill-meaning People ceas'd not to incense the Queen against the Prince but his Prudence and Patience defeated all their Contrivances He had happily concluded the War with the Moors and made a Truce with them for 17 Months then having setl'd the Affairs of Andaliza he return'd to Castile New Troubles were now fear'd for Frederick Duke of Benavente who had been long Prisoner at Momâ—al having kill'd the Governour of that Place made his escape This accident much perplex'd the Prince fearing lest he being a powerful Man and of the Blood Royal should disturb the Peace wherefore he caus'd all the Ways towards Portugal to be guarded This availed nothing for the Duke either by chance or relying upon the Friendship that was betwixt him and his Brother in Law the King of Navarre fled thither He took the wrong Course for Prince Ferdinand sent Embassadors to demand him and he was deliver'd up and secur'd in the Castle of Almodovar in the Territory of Cordova where he ended his Days Only Portugal enjoyed a lasting Peace and the new King by his good Actions made some amends for the fault in his Birth He built a Monastery of Dominicans at Aljubarrota called Batalla or the Battle in Memory of his Success over the Castilians in that Place On the Banks of Tagus he founded the Town of Almerin at Sintra erected a Royal Palace besides many other stately Works He was remarkable for administring Justice to such a degree that he caus'd Ferdinand Alfonso de Santarn his Vice-chamberlain to be taken out of the Church and burnt for having to do with D. Beatrix de Castro one of the Queen's Ladys and turn'd her out of the Court The Portugueses were so rich and powerful that they resolv'd to undertake new Conquests and pass over into Africk which was the first step they advanc'd towards mighty Undertakings This was the general Posture of Affairs in Christendom The Schism in the Chuch perplex'd all People considering what might be the End of it But the Succession to the Crown of Aragon was more hotly debated in Spain The Aragonians Catalonians and Valencians three Nations comprehended under the Crown of Aragon assembl'd every one apart to determine what ought to be done in relation to the Succession of the Crown Their Opinions and Inclinations could not be reconcil'd Each of the Candidates had Friends whose chief aim was to oblige the new King they thought to set up and drove their own Interest rather than his Most of the Catalonians favour'd the Earl of Vrgel and among them particularly the two noble Families of Cardona and Moncada Those of Alagon and Luna among the Aragonians sided with them and that so passionately that Antony de Luna to carry on his Design caus'd D. Garcia de Heredia Arch-bishop of Zaragoça to be murder'd way-laying him near Almunia for no other reason but only that he was the chiefest that oppos'd the Earl of Vrgel This was a hainous Action and accordingly resented The Actors were excommunicated and the Earl's Cause suffer'd by in for many dreaded a King who us'd such horrid means to obtain a Crown The Nobility of Aragon had recourse to Arms some to revenge the Death of the Archbishop others to protect the Murderer It was requisite for these Reasons to come to some Determination and the more for that a War was expected from France and the Troops of Castile appear'd on the Frontiers both sides threatning Force if the Crown was not given them by fair means The three Provinces having consulted what was to be done after much contesting agreed that 9 Judges should be chosen 3 of each Province These were to meet at Caspe a Town in Aragon there to hear and determine betwixt the Candidates Whatsoever 6 of them agreed to was to stand good provided one of each Province were of the Number
Cittadel into which the Citizens were retir'd Joseph Abencerrage came from Granada to relieve them but was overthrown and kill'd The Moors being ill affected to King Mahomet and favouring Benalmao Mahomet fled to Malaga and Benalmao was receiv'd into Granada on the first day of the Year 1432. In January the same Year Edward Prince of Portugal had a Son by his Wife the Lady Ellenor called Alonso afterwards famous for the Misfortunes that befel him All the People of Granada endeavoured to signify their Affection to the new King He took an Oath to be always a Friend to Castite and justly pay the Tribute agreed upon But he was of a great Age and therefore his Reign very short for he dy'd the 6th Month after his Accession to the Crown on the 24th of June Thus Mahomet the left-handed was again call'd from Malaga and restor'd to his Kingdom As soon as restor'd he made one Andilbar Governour of Granada instead of Joseph Abencerrage who was kill'd as has been say'd He concluded a Truce for a short time with Castile The Princes of Aragon ceas'd not to disturb the Peace on the Borders of Portugal and the King's Treasure being exhausted he could not withstand so many Enemies which oblig'd him to agree to this Truce Besides he was willing to oblige the King of Tunez who interceded for that King D. Alvaro de Isorna Bishop of Cuenca was sent to endeavour to reduce the Master of Alcantara who sided with the Princes of Aragon but could not prevail upon him Yet soon after some signs of Repentance appearing Dr. Franco was sent on the same Errand But he on a sudden deliver'd the Castle of Alcantara to Prince Peter and the Doctor himself to Prince Henry which render'd him incapable of the King's Mercy and also made him odious to the People as a Man who violated the publick Faith D. Frederick the Admiral and Peter Manrique the Lieutentant with a good Force were order'd to besiege Albuquerque and manage the War against the Princes of Aragon Gutierre de Sotomayor chief Commendary of Alcantara on the first of July at Night surpriz'd Prince Peter in his Bed and deliver'd him up to the King who in reward for this good Service made him Master of Alcantara in the place of his Uncle The Commendaries of the Order met and condemn'd D. John de Sotomayor whereupon D. Gutierre was chosen Master All the Nobles of Castile that had been imprisoned were discharg'd CHAP. IV. The declining posture of the Aragonians at Naples Yet that King is again invited thither and adopted anew by the Queen He agrees with Castile King John of Portugal dies Edward succeeds ALonso King of Aragon returning into Spain as has been said his Party wholly declin'd in Naples His Adversaries grew strong most of the Nobility sided with them and but few inclin'd to the Aragonians Yet they tho too weak to maintain that War undertook another The Family of Fregosa very powerful at Genoa being expell'd thence by Philip Duke of Milan had recourse for succour to Prince Peter who then supported the Interest of the King his Brother in Naples with a very small Power He hoping to make himself Master of that City or at least to be reveng'd on the Duke of Milan for the wrongs done during the late War joyn'd his Forces with the Fregosos and Fliscos and recover'd several places along the Coast of Genoa The Duke fearing to lose Genoa sent Embassadors to Spain promising the King to deliver to him the City Bonifacio the Capital of Corsica for which Island the Aragonians and Genoeses had long contended The King lik'd the Proposals and sent an Embassador into Italy to conclude the Peace Bonisacio could not be deliver'd the Senate of Genoa opposing it but instead of it they gave Portovenere and Letici Prince Peter came from Sicily whither he had return'd put Garrisons into those Places and leaving 6 Galleys with Duke Philip to guard the Coast sail'd away with the rest of the Fleet. Then having plunder'd an Island on the Coast of Africk call'd Circina now Charcana and setled the Affairs of Sicily and Naples he return'd to Spain to assist his Brothers without any hopes of recovering the Kingdom of Naples King Alonso however despair'd not believing the Forces of the Enemy would decay the Minds of the Natives would alter and the Queen her self grow weary of those Guests Nor was he deceiv'd for the Duke of Anjou was sent by the Queen into Calabria with orders to apply himself to the Military Affairs without concerning himself with the Government Caracciolo Seneschal of Naples gave this Advice hoping to draw all the Power into his own Hands and perceiving he was thereby grown odious he invited the King of Aragon into the Kingdom promising to stand by him Antony Vrsino Prince of Taranto a noble Person and ambitious of Honour sollicited the return of the Aragonians These advices mov'd the King of Aragon tho he did not wholly conside in those Men nor would he utterly reject their offers Therefore having fitted out a Fleet of 26 Galleys and 9 great Ships and left the Government of the Kingdom to his Brothers he resolv'd to sail over to Africk there to gain Reputation and be the nearer to his Friends With this design he set sail from Valencia and after touching in Sardinia arriv'd in Sicily The French had besieg'd the strong Castle of Trupia in Calabria and reduc'd it to such extremity that the besieg'd promis'd to surrender if not reliev'd in 20 Days Storms hinder'd the King from coming in time and the Place was deliver'd in his sight At Messina 70 Sail joyn'd the Fleet of Aragon and they altogether steer'd their Course for Gelves an Island on the Coast of Africk It is near to another Island call'd Sitre the lesser and is encompassed with dangerous movable Sands being but four Miles from the Continent full of Inhabitants and a delightful Place On the West it draws nearer the Continent to which it is joyn'd by a Bridge a Mile in length This enterprize was difficult the place being strong and well guarded for Bofferriz King of Tunez having intelligence of the Design was come thither to defend it At first landing the Aragonians took the Bridge and overthrew the Moors forcing them to retire to their Camp which also they enter'd and after a hot Dispute near the King's Tent put them again to flight The slaughter was not great nor the Booty but 20 pieces of Cannon were taken Nevertheless they could not make themselves Masters of the Island for the Islanders spent much time in capitulating till as they had design'd the Fleet for want of Provisions was forc'd to return to Messina There it was consulted how to recover Naples To forward this Design it happen'd that John Carracciolo was murder'd by the Contrivance of Corbella Rufa Wife to Antony Mariano Duke of Sessa she being the next to him in the Queen's Favour and
Aragonians out of Italy and particularly the Venetians Florentines and Genoeses joyn'd in a League at the Sollicitation of Pope Eugenius At the same time the War with the Moors went on in Spain Peace was like to be establish'd betwixt the other Kings at the procurement of the King of Navarre who design'd to bend all his Forces against Italy Two Castles the one call'd Galea the other Castilleja were taken from the Moors by Roderick Manrique who was abroad with a Party Soon after Henry de Guzman Earl of Niebla having besieged Gibraltar at the Mouth of the Streights was drown'd with 40 Men the Boat he was in oversetting being too full and the Sea running high D. John de Guzman his Son despairing of Success after that Misfortune rais'd the Siege and return'd to Sevil. This Gentleman was the first Duke of Medina Sidonia King John honouring him with that Title to comfort him for the loss of his Father and reward his signal Services The King was come to Toledo after having been at Alcala and Madrid Nothing was seen at Court but Sports and Pastimes without any regard of the War In this City the Peace betwixt Castile Aragon and Navarre was concluded on the 2d of September to the great Joy of all People These were the Articles agreed upon That Henry Prince of Castile should marry Blanch eldest Daughter to the King of Navarre That Medina del Campo Olmedo Roa and the Lordship of Villena be her Portion That in case they have no Issue those Places shall remain to the Crown of Castile upon paying to the King of Navarre a sum of Mony agreed upon That all Places taken during the War by either side be restor'd That all Deserters and Fugitives on both sides be pardon'd excepting the Earl of Castro and Master of Alcantara on the Part of Castile and Godfrey Marques of Cortes on the Part of Navarre Thus the Truce was chang'd into a League Defensive and Offensive against all Princes whatsoever excepting the Kings of France and Portugal on the Part of Castile and on the Part of Aragon the Duke of Milan and Gaston Earl of Faux whose Father dy'd not long before Gaston inherited the Earldom at 15 years of Age and was contracted to Ellenor the younger Daughter to the King of Navarre Great Joy and publick Thansgiving was throughout all Spain upon the proclaiming of this League The Earl of Castro soon after obtain'd his Pardon and return'd to Castile where for the future he behav'd himself better being humbl'd by his long Banishment What is said relating to the Earl of Castro is taken out of the Chronicles of Castile Those of his Family produce original Writings sign'd by Kings in Vindication of him and promising Restitution of the Estate taken from him during the Troubles It were well the Case were decided that we might know what to give credit to Mean while the King of Aragon ceas'd not to oblige the Neapolitans and endeavour to subdue them by Policy as well as Force Balthasar Rata Earl of Caserta one of the Governours appointed by the People embrac'd his Party Raymund Vrsin Earl of Nola did the same To oblige and attract him he was promis'd to Wife the Lady Ellenor of the Blood Royal Daughter to the Earl of Vrgel who not long before dy'd at Xativa This done the King took the Field and soon made himself Master of the Valley of St. Severino the City Salerno and Coast of Amafil Into all these Places he put Garrisons of Aragonians which secur'd his Interest and weaken'd the Party of Anjou Naples the chief City remain'd to gain which was not much doubted of the People being well-inclin'd to the Aragonians and they still possess'd of two Castles there notwithstanding all their late Misfortunes This proved a very sharp Winter for Frost and Snow insomuch that the oldest Men did not remember to have seen the like At Guadalajara where the King was on the first day of the Year 1437 7 Men going out to cut Wood were all Frozen to Death Many People dy'd through the extremity of the Cold. In this hard Weather the King would go into Old Castile and the Snow lay so deep on the Passes of the Mountains that he was forc'd to send before 300 Pioniers to clear the Ways From Roa he went to Osma in March and thence sent Prince Henry his Son to Alfaro a great Town on the Borders of Navarre Most of the Nobility went with him and he who appear'd above them all was D. Alvaro de Luna who not long before by meer Importunity had obtain'd of the Queen the Castle of Montalvan being before possessed of that of Escalona near Toledo Two Days after the Prince arriv'd at Alfaro the Queen of Navarre came thither with her Children and a great Train of Nobles The Prince and Princess were marry'd with extraordinary Pomp both of them being then at the Age of 12 Years Four Days were spent in rejoycing and then the Queen with the Bride return'd to her Country The King of Castile and the Prince his Son went to Medina del Campo There by advice of D. Alvaro de Luna and the Earl of Benavente the Lieutenant Peter Manrique was apprehended and sent to the Castle of FuentiduenÌ„a which caus'd mighty Tumults and Troubles in the Kingdom His Crime was conspiring with others to pull down D. Alvaro de Luna This year was fatal to the Portugueses for the slaughter made of them in Africk Five Brothers the King of Portugal being desirous of Honour and of enlarging their Dominions had resolved to attempt it in Africk among the Enemies of Christianity Mony was wanting for remedy whereof they obtain'd of Pope Eugenius the Croifade for all that would serve in that Expedition Hereupon a great Rabble of People gather'd together Prince Ferdinand Master of Avis being the hottest of the Brothers offer'd to command the Forces This Affair being debated in a grand Assembly Prince John the Master of Santiago in Portugal who was more cautious and discreet affirm'd that Africk ought not to be invaded unless with the united Force of the whole Kingdom All wise Men approv'd of what he said and among them the Princes Peter and Alonso Only Prince Henry favour'd Ferdinand's Design and he being a Person in great Repute for his Learning the 〈◊〉 advice prevail'd so that it was resolv'd to proceed in that Enterprize A Fleet being â—â—gg'd 6000 Soldiers were shipp'd aboard it which were given out to be 12000. On the 12th of August they set sail and in 15 Days arriv'd at Ceuta where they anker'd and held a Council of War It was resolv'd to besiege Tangier at the Mouth of the Strelghts opposite to Tarifa Accordingly the Siege was lay'd and the Town batter'd the space of 37 Days the Inhabitants defending themselves with great Resolution as those that were assur'd of Relief To raise the Siege came the Kings of Fez and Morocco with several Princes of
This done he went to Florence to see Pope Eugenius and thence into France After his departure Abruzzo Apulia and all other Places submitted to the Aragonians and thus Italy was in part pacify'd In Spain the Troubles did not cease the Nobility slighting the Government D. Luis de Guzman Master of Calatrava lay desperately Sick and was given over John Ramiroz de Guzman Chief Commendary of that Order and Ferdinand de Padilla the Master's Deputy contended who should succeed him The latter had secur'd the Votes of the Chapter that was to Elect. Therefore D. John resolv'd to obtain that Dignity by Force securing the Towns that belong'd to that Order D. Ferdinand with 400 Horse met him at Barajas defeated and took him Prisoner with his Son and two Brothers and by that means obtain'd the Mastership which yet he enjoy'd not long For the King design'd that Dignity for Alonso Bastard Son to the King of Navarre who Besieg'd Calatrava There the New Master was unluckily kill'd by a Stone one of his own Men was throwing at the Enemy After his Death D. Alonso was made Master of the Order In Biscay Tumults were rais'd upon two accounts One was that certain Societies that had been confirmed by the King fell upon the Estates of the Nobility Among the rest Peter de Ayala was Besieg'd in his Town of Salvatierra and reliev'd by his Cousin the Earl of Haro who having receiv'd a Letter in which he begg'd his Assistance swore he would not enter into a House till he had reliev'd him Another cause of these Troubles was the wicked Heresy of the Fratricelli newly started at Durango Many were put to the Wrack upon that account and others Burnt Alonso Mela a Franciscan Fryar the Ring-leader of them fled to Granada with several young Wenches where they liv'd lewdly among the Moors but at last he was put to Death by them This Man had a Brother call'd John Mela then Bishop of Zamora and afterwards a Cardinal In Portugal about the end of October dy'd Prince John the King's Uncle aged 43 years He was Constable and Master of Santiago By his Wife the Lady Elizabeth Daughter to his Brother D. Alonso Duke of Bragança he left a Son called James who inherited his Honours and Three Daughters Elizabeth Beatrix and Philippa from whom sprang great Princes D. Alvaro de Luna resided at Escalona and contriv'd to regain his former Power His Brother the Archbishop of Toledo dy'd at Talavera on the 4th of February which was a great Loss to him There only remain'd D. Roderick de Luna his second Cousin whom afterwards he promoted to the Archbishoprick of Santiago In that Confusion of times every noble Man seized upon what he could get and among them Peter Xuarez secur'd Talavera scarce admitting the King who came to quel those Disorders The Archbishop was bury'd in a beautiful Chappel of the Cathedral built by D. Alvaro After much Contention D. Gutierre de Toledo Archbishop of Sevil was promoted to the See of Toledo He was a Man too upright for those times and enjoy'd that Dignity but three Years The Bishop of Oviedo was Translated to Sevil he of Orense to Oviedo To conclude the Bishoprick of Orense was given in Commendam to John de Torquemada a Dominican afterwards Cardinal of S. Sixtus a Person of great Learning as appears by his Works His Contemporary was Alonso Tostado born at Madrigal renowned for his many Writings He came in process of time to be Bishop of Avila At Siena in Tuscany he put up several Propositions in Divinity offering to defend them in the Schools Some of them were dislik'd and the Cardinal Torquemada writ against him Tostado answered him not sparing the Pope's Authority to defend his Opinions He dy'd on the 3d of September 1455. The End of the One and Twentieth Book THE History of SPAIN The Two and Twentieth BOOK CHAP. I. The Success of the Aragonians in Italy The Rebellion in Castile The Death of the Queens of Portugal and Castile The Battle of Olmedo and Death of Prince Henry of Aragon THE Affairs of the Spaniards succeeded better in Italy than in Spain There was no great Difference betwixt the Castilians and Aragonians but their Fortune was different according to the Quality of them that govern'd The King of Aragon was an active and ambitious Prince and spar'd no Labour to advance his Glory Besides his Goodness and Bounty gain'd him the Affections of all his Subjects as well Italians as Aragonians In Castile the Power of D. Alvaro continu'd tho his Person was remov'd The King of Navarre endeavour'd net to redress what was amiss but to make himself Master of the King who always left the Government to another The King of Castile had some good Qualities but the bad were more prevalent He was addicted to Poetry and Musick and had a Genius that way lov'd Hunting and Sports but could not endure Business and therefore gave little attention to it and answer'd short His first Minister did what he would in his Name The King of Aragon having taken Naples and subdu'd all the Faction of Anjou on the 26th of February 1443 entred that City in Triumph after the manner of the antient Romans on a Chariot drawn by 4 White Horses another of the same sort being led before him All the Nobility and Gentry of the Kingdom follow'd the Chariot afoot and the Clergy went before singing Praises to Almighty God The People with loud Acclamations wished him a long and happy Reign He would not be crown'd saying That Honour was due to the Saints who assisted him to gain the Victory All the Streets were strew'd with Flowers and richly hung and all Places full of sweet Odours It only remain'd to gain Pope Eugenius with whom a Treaty was set afoot at Siena where he then was On the 15th of July they agreed upon these Articles That the Kingdom of Naples should remain to the King of Aragon and after him to his Son Ferdinand whom tho Illegitimate he appointed his Heir as to that Crown only That the King of Aragon should pay yearly to the Pope 8000 Ounces a sort of Coin then in use That he should endeavour to quel Francis Sforcia who proud that he had marry'd the Duke of Milan's Daughter had gain'd a great part of Marca Ancona The King perform'd more than he had promis'd for he in Person recover'd all Sforcia had taken in Marca Ancona and restor'd it to the Pope Peace was also concluded with the Genoeses they promising every Year whilst the King liv'd to present him with a great Bason of Gold But because this Act was perform'd in the sight of the People as a memorial of his Victory they continu'd it but 4 Years In Castile the King of Navarre using immoderately the Power he had unjustly acquir'd enjoy'd it but a short time He kept the King of Castile Prisoner placing People to watch his Words and Actions The Admiral and
Within 10 Days the Conclave elected Thomas Sarzana of Luca who took the Name of Nicholas the V. a good and virtuous Pope a great favourer of Learning Still the War continu'd in Milan and Duke Philip was earnest with King Alonso's Embassador to resign that Dutchy to him resolving to live a private Life so he could first be Revenged of his Son in Law Whilst Messengers passed betwixt them Duke Philip dyed in the Castle of Milan on the 13th of August That same Month the King of Castile married the Lady Elizabeth but without much Pomp by reason of the Tumults raised by the Nobility Immediately the King and Queen began to contrive the Ruin of D. Alvaro de Luna which was the Reward of his making that Match King Alonso of Aragon was by Duke Philip appointed his Heir in his Will In pursuance hereof Raymund Buil the King's Commissioner caused all the Officers in the Castle of Milan to take the Oath of Fidelity to him as Duke but the Rabble soon made themselves Masters of both Castles and rased them King Alonso could not repair thither being employed in the War with the Florentines from whom he had taken Ripa Maranica and Castellon de Pescara The Florentines implored aid of Frederick Lord of Vrbino and Malatesta Lord of Arimino The King besieged Piombino and took an Island near it called Lillo The People of Piombino articl'd to pay yearly as an Acknowledgment a Gold Cup with 500 Crowns The Florentines also came to Agreement with the King who went away to Sulmona leaving Garrisons in the Island Lillo and Castellon de Pescara Next King Alonso marched towards Milan but Francis Sforcia prevailed and wrested that Duchy from him In him began a new Race of Dukes as also an Hereditary War betwixt France Italy and Spain which has lasted to our Days as will appear in the proper Places Castile enjoyed no Peace for the Moors pressed on the one side and on the other the King of Navarre waited to make his Advantage of the Discord betwixt the Nobles of that Kingdom After a long Siege Torija surrendred to the King but at the same time the Aragonian Garrison in Atiença surprized the Castle called Pen̄a de Alcaçar in the Territory of Soria This moved the King to march to Soria with 3000 Horse At the same time the Cortes of Aragon sat at Zaragoça to make Preparations for War and ordered that every tenth Man by Lot should be listed However they sent Embassadors to the King of Castile to know what his Design was and advise him not to break the Peace The King answered he always used to go well attended but that the Aragonians had done ill in assisting the King of Navarre and if they did not forbear he would take other Measures He also sent Heraulds to make his Complaints in the Cortes and the Aragonians sent back another Embassy Whilst these Messages passed betwixt them a Party of Castile surprized the Castle of Verdejo in the Territory of Calatayud Thus all treaty of Peace ceased and they had soon come to blows but that a Conspiracy of the Nobles in Castile obliged the King to return to Valladolid There he kept his Christmas and began the Year 1448. At the same time a party of Navarre took the Town of Campeço and the Governour of Albarrazin Huelama a Town on the Borders of Castile The chief care was to reduce the Nobility and reconcile the Prince to his Father for he was a restless and inconstant Youth never fixed The Ambition of D. Alvaro de Luna and John Pacheco hindred any Agreement each of them striving to ruin the other D. Alonso de Fenseca Bishop of Avila a Person of great Judgment endeavoured to reconcile them To disappoint the Designs of the Nobility it was resolved on a Day appointed to apprehend many of them In order to put this Design in Execution the King and Prince met betwixt Medina del Campo and Tordesillas on the 11th of May. As it had been agreed it was performed The Earls of Benavente and Alva Henry Brother to the Admiral the two Brothers Peter and Suero Quin̄ones were apprehended and sent Prisoners to several Places It was layed to their Charge that they design'd to bring the King of Navarre into Castile but the People said this was meer Invention The Admiral and Earl of Castro fled to Navarre and their Estates were seized upon the Towns being unprovided which were Medina de Ruyseco Lobaton Aguilar Benavente Mayorga and many others James Manrique voluntarily delivered up the Castles of Navarrete and Trevin̄o as a Pledge of his Loyalty to the King The Cortes still sat at Zaragoça and a Truce for 6 Months was concluded betwixt Aragon and Castile The Earl of Castro after he fled from Castile remained in Navarre the Admiral came to Zaragoça on the 29th of May. There he consulted with the King of Navarre and agreed to go over to Italy to give the King of Aragon an account of Affairs At that time the King of Aragon lay before Piombino as has been said thither came to him at the same time the Admiral and Garci Alverez de Toledo Son to the Earl of Alva They were graciously received and the King promised to assist them In Castile some Months were spent in seizing the Towns belonging to the Nobility the King and Prince having consulted together agreed to Garrison the Frontiers especially against the Moors Alonso Giron Kinsman to John Pacheco was appointed to command the Frontiers about Hellin and Humilla with 200 Horse and 400 Foot with which Forces he overthrew a Body of Moors that made an Incursion on that side but his Men falling to Plunder the Infidels rallyed and charging them afresh cut off most of them the Commander with a very few escaping Prince Henry again offended at D. Alvaro de Luna withdrew from Madrid where he was with his Father to Sagovia This perplexed the King and he resolved to summon the Cortes to meet at Valladolid to seek some Remedy for these Evils Prince Henry by his Father's Command came to Tordesillas the King before he met him having declared in publick that he was resolved to be reconciled to his Son and to reward or punish the rest as they deserved and particularly that he would divide the Estates of the Rebels among those that had continued Loyal All the Representatives of Cities that came to the Cortes commended the King's Resolution only James Valera who was for Cuenca advised not to proceed against the Nobles Ferdinand de Ribadeneira told him what he had said would cost him dear but the King going away seemed not to approve of Ribadeneira's Boldness CHAP. IV. The Earl of Benavente escaping raises new Tumults The Affairs of Portugal The Mutiny of Toledo Fresh Tumults among the Nobility of Castile The Mutineers of Toledo punish'd THE Imprisonment of those great Men and Flight of the others caused great Troubles in Castile and all the Discourse was
of restoring them The Earl of Benavente made his Escape out of Prison by the Assistance of Alonso de Leon whom he bribed and the Governour of the Castle trusted 30 Horse were hid in a Wood and with them the Earl fled to Benavente where as soon as he came the Townsmen turned out the King's Garrison Then marching out relieved Alva de Liste besieged by the King's Party and took some small Towns The King alarmed at this News left D. Alvaro at Ocana to make Preparations for War and went himself in great haste to Benavente but that Town being well provided he passed into Portugal That Kingdom was then full of Joy for the Marriage of the King with Elizabeth Daughter to Prince Peter the King's Uncle and Governour of the Kingdom to whom he had been 7 Years Contracted This Lady was very Virtuous and Beautiful Of her was born D. John who dyed a Child and Joanna who also dyed and another D. John who lived many Years and succeeded his Father The King was young and Prince Peter had the whole Power of the Government which some great Men highly resented Among them the chiefest was D. Alonso Earl of Barcelos the Prince's Brother and by him created Duke of Bragança He perswaded the King to take upon him the Government and put to Death his Uncle for the wrong done to his Mother in depriving her of it The King contrived how to put this advice in Execution and Prince Peter having notice of it fled and made himself strong in Coimbra From thence he held Correspondence with some of the Citizens in order to possess himself of Lisbon Having layed his Design which could not be kept secret he set out but being attack'd in the way by a Party that lay in wait for him was killed with most of those that attended him in the Year 1449. Authors do not agree in what Month. He was a Man of a great Spirit and very wife It is said the King was much concerned at his Death but that is not likely since he lay long unburyed but at last was honourably Interred at Aljubarrota the Burial Place of the Kings His Son James was taken went afterwards to Flanders and his Aunt the Dutchess Elizabeth made Interest at Rome to have him chosen a Cardinal His Sister Beatrix went also to Flanders and was married to Adolphus Duke of Cleves After this Portugal enjoy'd Peace a long time and the King being come to Age governed prudently but was more Fortunate in the War he made with the Moors whilst young than in that with Castile in his latter Years He spent much of his Treasure in redeeming of Captives that were in Africk and is only censured for having been too much governed by his Courtiers and Favourites D. Alvaro being left at Ocan̄a as has been said to make the necessary Preparations for War found himself much streightned for Mony and therefore by way of Loan demanded a Million of Maravedles of Toledo a rich and large City Alonso Cota a considerable Citizen was employed to Collect this Mony but the Citizens opposed him saying it was contrary to their Charter D. Aloaro being informed of it order'd the Collection of the Mony to go on Hereupon the Town mutiny'd and gave the Alarm with a Bell from the great Church John Alonso and Peter Galvez two Canons were they that stirred up the People A Fellow that made Skins to carry Wine whose Name is not known headed the Rabble They fired the House of Alonso Cota and the Flame spreading all the Quarter of St. Mary Magdalen was consumed where most of the rich Merchants lived whose Houses were plundered This happen'd on the 26th of January The greatest Sufferers were those they call New Christians because descended from Jews Peter Sarmiento the Governour and his Lieutenant Marcos Garcia whom in contempt the People to this Day call Marquillos de Maçarambro◠that ought to have quell'd the Mutiny encouraged the Rabble This done fearing the Punishment they had well deserved they shut their Gates and their Joy was soon turned into Sorrow D. Alvaro of himself not being strong enough to appease those Tumults because Peter Sarmiento was his Enemy gave advice to the King who having taken Benavente repaired to Toledo and the Gates being shut against him took up his Quarters in the Hospital of S. Lazarus Several Cannon-shot were made at him from the City Peter Sarmiento put some Citizens upon the Rack plundered their Houses and executed them for Corresponding with the King The King removed to Torijos thither came Deputies to him from Toledo to tell him if he did not remove D. Alvaro de Luna and preserve their Franchises that and other Cities would proclaim Prince Henry King These Deputies were dismissed without any Answer The King besieged the City but Prince Henry coming to its Relief the Siege was raised yet the People would not deliver the Keys of the City or Castle to the Prince On the 6th of June the Citizens made an Order that none descended of Jews should be capable of any publick Employment A Dean of Toledo writ a Treatise to shew the illegality of that Ordinance and offered to defend his Opinion by publick Dispute He also writ largely about it to the Bishop of Cuenca shewing that many very noble Families were related to Jews So far he proceeded herein that Pope Nicholas by his special Bull condemn'd that Act or Ordinance This Bull bares date September the 24th 1449. Two years after he put out another Bull to the same effect The Archbishops of Toledo D. Alonso Carrillo and the Cardinal D. Peter Gonzales in two Synods one held at Alcala the other at Vitoria condemned it also Our Historians have omitted this Tumult of Toledo as I suppose for fear of making themselves odious but I would not omit it having found it in very authentick Manuscripts The King of Navarre ceased not to stir up the Nobility of Castile to Rebellion The Cities of Murcia and Cuenca were ill affected towards the King which was no small Encouragement to the Navarrois and his Adherents Many Incursions were made by the Aragonians into Castile and they took a great Booty of Cattle about Requena defeating a Body of the Townsmen who ventured out to recover it Nevertheless their Design of securing Murcia failed them Cuenca was attempted by the Aragonians invited thither by the Governour of the Castle which was then in the highest part of the City now only the Ruins of it remain Here also they were disappointed for Bishop Barrientos defended the City with great Resolution In Aragon the Admiral of Castile being returned out of Italy the King's Orders were read in a full Assembly of the States and some were for raising Forces and declaring War with Castile But the Commons oppos'd it and therefore other Methods were thought of It was propos'd to marry the Prince of Viana with the Earl of Haro's Daughter It was also laboured that
wrote his History positively asserts his being poisoned by the Marquess of Villena But I cannot find to what purpose that Nobleman should undertake such a hainous Crime CHAP. VI. John Duke of Lorrain Supports and Heads the Rebels in Catalonia for his Father Ferdinand Prince of Aragon declared King of Sicily The Crown of Castile offered to the Princess Elizabeth she refuses it Peace betwixt the King and Nobels REnce Duke of Anjou having accepted of the offer made him by the Catalonians because he was himself too Old to undertake that Expedition sent his Son John Duke of Lorrain who we said before was by the Aragonians drove out of Italy The King of France not regarding his League with Aragon sent him Supplies as soon as he had ended the Civil War with his Brother the Duke of Berri and Charles Duke of Burgundy John Earl of Armagnac between whom and the Duke of Lorrain there was a professed friendship brought him some Supplies with these Forces he began the War fortunately but the end was not suitable Barcelona received him with joy and it was resolved to carry the War to Ampurias The King of Aragon tho' Old and Blind repaired thither near Roses a Party of Aragonians was defeated The Body of the French Army marched towards Girona resolving if the Commandant Peter de Rocaberty came out to fight him if he kept close to Besiege the Place The Aragonians Marched out and in several Rencounters worsted the Enemy Prince Ferdinand came and put his Forces into the City whereupon the Siege was raised Soon after the Prince going out with a Party was defeated by the French and many of his Men killed Roderick Rebolledo who had behaved himself bravely in defence of the Prince was taken It was resolved to wear out the heat of the French therefore all the Frontiers were Garrisoned and Duke Alonso de Aragon left to Command there and observe the Enemy Prince Ferdinand returned to Zarogoza where the Cortes sate and was present when his Mother died as has been said above His Mother being dead and his Father 70 years of Age all the weight of the Government fell upon him therefore to give him the more Authority he was declared King of Sicily This was about the time that Prince Alonso of Castile departed this Life as we have declared The death of Prince Alonso being known at Zaragoça immediately Peter Peralta was sent to the Factious Lords of Castile to ask the Princess Elizabeth in Marriage for Prince Ferdinand His Father stayed at Zaragoça and he went away to carry on the War in Catalonia The Duke of Lorrain desiring to possess himself of Girona raised 15000 Men in Russillon and Cerdagne which with the Forces he had before was a Power too great for the Aragonians to cope with so that they could put no Relief into the Town which was closely besieged Nevertheless through the Valour of the Bishop of D. John Meliguerite and other Commanders it held out Mean while Prince Ferdinand had a Town called Verga delivered to him on the 17th of September From this time the Affairs of the Aragonians began to look with a better Aspect and the more for that the King recovered his Sight a thing then thought miraculous A Jew of Lerida undertook the Cure and couched a Cataract in the Right Eye on the 11th of September when he refused to proceed to the other saying There was no favourable Aspect of the Heavens but being pressed by the King on the 11th of October he perfected the Cure upon the Left Eye To add to this Publick Joy the Weather and want of Necessaries obliged the Enemy to raise the Siege of Girona In Portugal Prince John married his Cousin Eleanor not regarding the Promise he made to marry Joanna Princess of Castile Her Mother 's loose Life made her Birth suspected Ferdinand Duke of Viseo Father to the Lady Eleanor passed over into Africk obtained there some Victories over the Moors and returning home by his Wife Beatrix the Daughter of D. John Master of Santiago in Portugal had a Son called Emanuel who came in time to be King of Portugal The Portugueses talk of strange Prodigies seen at the Birth of that Child denoting his future Grandeur Upon the death of Prince Alonso many submitted to King Henry but the Peace was not lasting and the War that ensued wasted the Power of Spain Burgos returned to its Duty and at Madrid the Archbishop of Sevill the Earl of Benavente and other Noblemen did Homage to the King The Rebels having lost Prince Alonso resolved to offer the Crown to the Princess Elizabeth as they did at Avila the Archbishop of Toledo making an Harangue to persuade her and railing at the King She thanked them for their Offer and wishing long Life to the King her Brother intreated them to pay to him that Duty they offered to her Her Modesty surprized them all and she was thought the worthier to Reign They bent their Thoughts upon Peace and the more because the King had sent Commissioners to offer them all his Free Pardon At length Peace was concluded at Avila by the Archbishop of Sevill and Andrew de Cabrera Lord Steward of the Houshold upon these Articles That the Princess Elizabeth be sworn Heiress to the Crown That the Cities and Towns of Avila Ubeda Medina del Campo Olmedo and Escalona be given to her but upon Condition she shall not Marry without the King's Consent That the King be divorced from the Queen the Pope consenting to it That she and her Daughter be sent to Portugal That all the revolted Nobility be pardoned and restored to their Estates and Preferments taken from them during the Troubles Four Months were allowed for the Performance of these Articles These Conditions pleased not the Marquss de Santillana and his Brothers who thought it more for their Interest to have the keeping of the Princess Joanna The Queen with the Assistance of Luys de Mendoça was gone away by Night from the Castle where she was kept to her Daughter at Buytrago This much troubled the Archbishop of Sevil who had the Charge of keeping her During her Confinement she was delivered of Two Sons Ferdinand and Apostol who it is affirmed were bred in the Monastery of S. Dominick the Royal of Nuns in Toledo The Monastery of Guisando in the mid-way betwixt Madrid and Avila was appointed for the King and the Lords to meet There many Conditions were agreed to and much granted to the Nobles none of them doubting but the King and his Sister being weary of those Confusions would refuse them nothing they could ask It is said the King and Marquess de Villena had a private Conference the Substance whereof is not known but by what followed it was supposed it only tended to the securing the Marquess and advancing his Family On the 19th of September the Nobility did their Homage to King Henry and swore the Princess Elizabeth Heiress to the Crown
Person with 1500 Horse and a good Body of Foot to relieve the Castle of Burgos which he did and by the way took the Castle of Baltanas seated on the Mountains between Pisuerga and Duero sending the Earl of Benavente whom he found there Prisoner to Pen̄afiel The Portugues satisfied with this Action for that he had made a rich Booty and believing himself too weak to encounter King Ferdinand turned back without attempting the Relief of Burgos The Princess Joanna was at Zamora and Queen Elizabeth at Valladolid whence she moved with what Force she could gather to assist her Husband at Burgos if need were In July the Ambassadors of Castile and Aragon made their Submission to the Pope and were favourably received and entertained by him which offended the Portugues Ambassadors who said the Pope ought not to receive them till the Right both Parties pretended was cleared Therefore the Pope said he received those Ambassadors from Castile saving still to any others their Titles and Claims This Year was very remarkable throughout all Christendom for the great Jubilee granted by Pope Sixtus to be continued afterwards every 25th Year whereas before it was every 50th Many resorted to Rome to gain this Indulgence and among them King Ferdinand of Naples now by reason of his Age grown more Devout and Religious than he was before At the end of this Year the King of Aragon held the Cortes of that Kingdom at Zaragoça being in care about carrying on the War against Portugal and France And the more for that one Roderick Trahiguere not regarding the Truce then in being had with French Forces entred Catalonia taken the Town of St. Laurence and struck such a Terror into all the Country that all such as were of Age were by Edict commanded to appear in Arms a thing never done but in time of extream Danger In Castile the Portugues Forces prevailed and were encouraged by the Hopes of Succours out of France which were reckoned the more secure because a Peace was concluded betwixt the English and French in which the Dukes of Britany and Burgundy were included The Kingdom of Aragon was not able to withstand two such powerful Enemies therefore in November the King concluded a Peace for Seven Months with the French on the side of Aragon To weaken the Portugues he wrote to the Archbishop of Toledo in very courteous Terms desiring an Interview But the Archbishop was a Man too positive to be brought to condescend His Passion was so great he was often heard to say I made the Lady Elizabeth a Queen and I will bring her down to the Spinning-wheell King Ferdinand valued not his Threats believing if he were reconciled the Cardinal might be disgusted The Marquis de Villena and Master of Calatrava at this time went out of Old Castile to Almagro designing for Baeça the Castle of which City was besieged by their Adversaries Hereupon Ocan̄a a Town belonging to the Marquess mutinied The Earl of Cifuentes and John de Ribera with the Forces they carried out of Toledo turned out the Marquess's Garrison and left the Place to the Earl of Paredes who called himself Master of Santiago King Ferdinand hasted from Burgos to Zamora and secured that City with the Assistance of the Governour Francis de Valdes The Castle was besieged with a Resolution not to desist till it were taken A Meeting was proposed betwixt the King of Aragon and his Son as also the Princess Eleanor of Navarre to find some Method of settling the Disorders in Navarre as also to prevent any Succours coming to the Portugueses out of France through that Country King Ferdinand was busie at Zamora when the Castle of Burgos there being no hopes of Relief surrendered to Queen Elizabeth at the beginning of the Year 1476. James de Ribera was appointed Governour of it the Queen having an Affection for him because he was Tutor to Prince Alonso On the 17th of January died at Madrid Queen Joanna Wife to the last King Henry and Mother to the present unfortunate Queen Joanna Her Body was buried in the Church of St. Francis in a Tomb of White Marble near the High Altar For that end were removed the Bones of Roderick Gonçalez de Clavijo who went Ambassador to Tamerlan and after his return buik the great Chapel of that Church for himself to be buried in Thus even after death the weakest are wronged Many Reports were spread abroad about the Occasion of this Queen's Death most Historians say she was Poisoned by her Brother the King of Portugal CHAP. IV. Prince John of Portugal comes into Castile with Forces to his Father's Assistance The Battle of Toro betwixt King Ferdinand and him of Portugal The latter defeated The Castilian Nobility forsake him and he returns home JOhn Prince of Portugal was left at home to govern the Kingdom He being a forward Youth and understanding his Father advanced little in Castile raised 2000 Horse and 8000 Foot but ill Armed and Undisciplined With this Recruit he set out to join his Father Having passed the Bridge of Ledesma he attacked the Town of S. Felices but was repulsed On the 9th of February he came to Toro where he found his Father had 3500 Horse and 20000 Foot in Winter Quarters King Ferdinand lay before the Castle of Zamora with only 2500 Horse and double that number of Foot Thence he sent Orders to all his Forces to join him being assured the Portugueses would oblige him to raise the Siege or come to a Battle The King of Aragon advised him not to hazard a Battle as of dangerous Consequence if lost and costly tho gained With King Ferdinand were the Cardinal of Spain the Duke of Alva the Admiral and his Uncle the Earl of Alva Liste the Marquess of Astorga and the Earl of Lemos At Alahejos lay with a Body of Men D. Henry of Aragon the King's Cousin D. Alonso his Brother and the Earl of Trevin̄o ready to march to Zamora which is not far distant Queen Elizabeth from Burgos returned to Tordesillas to be the nearer upon Occasion The King of Portugal reinsorced by his Son resolved to relieve the Castle or at least to make a shew of so doing and accordingly marched out of Toro as if he intended to move streight towards the Enemy Yet on a sudden as if he had changed his Resolution passed the Bridge and marched on the other side of the River encamping over-against Zamora near the Monastery of St. Francis He planted his Cannon at the Foot of the Bridge which led from the City to his Camp so that he could not obstruct the Battering of the Castle nor was there any access to give him Battle Thirteen days were there spent in fruitless Disputes On the first of March at break of day he marched back breaking the Bridge that the Enemy might not pursue King Ferdinand having spent some time in repairing the Bridge resolved to follow and sent before D. Alvaro de Mendoça
own Order that is the Dominicans It had been began in the time of King Alonso the Wise The Church was doubtless built lately by the Cardinal John de Torquemada who had his Education in that House At this time the holy Tribunal of the Inquisition was first erected in Castile There were before certain Inquisitors of this nature but they had not the power nor the method that was now introduced The principal promoter and founder of this Court was the Cardinal of Spain moved to it by the great corruption caused by the mixture of Christians Jews and Moores Many Jews who had been Converted relapsed to their former Error and particularly the number was great at Sevil where the Inquisition first executed its Authority If their Crimes were hainous they were burnt if of a lesser hue their Goods were Confiscate their Persons condemned to perpetual Imprisonment or obliged to wear what they call a Sanbenito that is piece of yellow Baise hanging on the Breast and Back with a red Cross upon it which was a mighty Infamy It was thought too much severity that the Children should suffer for the Crimes of their Parents that the accuser should not be known nor confront the party accused as had ever been used in all Courts and lastly that Sins of this nature should be punished with death Some wholly condemned this severity yet others approved of and defended it The event has made it appear this Court has been very necessary and advantageous to the Kingdom Many wholesome Laws were at first Enacted and have since been enlarged to restrain the power of the Judges and keep them within the bounds of moderation that they may not be debauched by Avarice But the greatest security consists in that these Imployments are always bestowed on Persons of great learning and known integrity and piety The first Inquisitor General was F. Thomas de Torquemada of the Order of St. Dominick Confessor to the King and Queen and Prior of the Monastery at Segovia His Authority at first extended only to the Kingdom of Castile Four years after it comprehended all Aragon At first the Inquisitor General used to send his Commissioners to all parts as occasion required without having any fixed Tribunals Since it is established that the Inquisitor General with Five of the supream Councill determines all the most weighty Affairs of Religion at the Court where the other Tribunals are All smaller Affairs are committed to 2 or 3 Inquisitors who keep their Courts in several Cities The places where now the Inquisitors reside are Toledo Cuenca Murcia Valladolid Santiago Logron̄o Sevil Cordova Granada Elerena and in the Kingdom of Aragon Valencia Zaragoça and Barcelona An Edict was published by the Inquisitor General offering a free pardon to all guilty Persons who should come in and submit themselves 17000 as well Men as Women of all sorts are said to have presented themselves 2000 were burnt and a greater number fled From this beginning it has rose to be the most dreaded Tribunal in the World A proper remedy against the Calamities that soon after ensued and confounded many other Kingdoms Before the King and Queen of Castile went from Sevil they ordered that neither the Duke of Medina Sidonia nor the Marquess of Cadiz should be admitted into that City so the heats of the Factions being taken away all was in Peace On the Frontiers of Portugal Lope Vasco a Portugues Governor of the Castle of Mora secured that place for King Ferdinand and sent him advice of it that he might be relieved King Ferdinand was very desirous to make War upon Portugal in Person thinking it would redound to his Honour not only to defend his own but to invade another Neither his Father nor any of the wiser sort approved of his design as dangerous and unprofitable Therefore he sent D. Alonso de Cardenas Master of Santiago with 1500 Horse and 15000 Foot Nothing of Moment was done for John Prince of Portugal recovered the Castle of Mora which disappointed all their designs It was more requisite to secure Truxillo thither the King and Queen went taking Cordova in their way Mean while at Land a Town in the Territory of Cahors in France a Match was agreed betwixt Frederick second Son to the King of Naples and Anne Daughter of Amadee Duke of Savoy The King of France promised the Bride who was his Sisters Daughter a great Estate in France and offered to deliver up Russillon and Cerdaigne till such time as he performed or the King of Aragon paid the Money about which they were at variance This highly offended the Two Kings of Spain Father and Son who resented that the King of Naples without regard to their kindred should prefer the friendship of France before that of Spain and accept of those Places for which they were Engaged in War The Truce was near expiring and there was danger the War would again break out at a very improper time for both Nations The King of France was busie in the Conquest of Flanders In Castile all was not settled for the King of Portugal prepared to renew the War and the Countess of Medellin a Masculine Woman with Alonso de Monroy Deputy to the Master of Calatrava were revolted For these reasons John de Gamboa Governor of Fuenterabia and the Archdeacon of Almaçan by Order of King Ferdinand began to treat of an acommodation with the French Ambassadors who were at Bayonne They managed this Affair so well that the Truce was changed into a Peace upon the old Conditions that had been betwixt those Two Crowns and the King of Aragon was included which was only imposing upon him since the Lands in dispute were not restored to him However it was agreed Judges should be appointed to decide that Difference The joy conceived in Castile on account of this Peace was increased by some concurring Causes One was that the Earl of Alva Liste the Kings Unckle came to Truxillo having been à Prisoner ever since the Battle of Toro Another that the Archbishop of Toledo drove by necessity all his Revenues being Seized submitted to King Ferdinando and delivered up his strong Holds to be held by the King It was given out he held Correspondence with the King of Portugal still nevertheless he was pardoned Moreover Pope Sixtus revoked the dispensation he had given the King of Portugal for Marrying his Neece the Princess Joanna which many thought was too great a Compliance with the King of Naples at whose Suit it was done and misbecoming the Papal Authority In order to settle all their Affairs and particularly the Peace with France the Two Kings Father and Son designed to meet at Molina and Daroca When on a sudden the King of Aragon fell sick at Barcelona and died on the 19th of January 1479. His Body was buried at Poblete and he was so Poor that to defray the Charge of his Funeral his Houshold Goods were Pawned He lived 81 Years 7 Months and
great Virtue and Ability and had this Dignity conferred on him as a Reward for his good Services D. Ynigo Manrique Bishop of Jaen was translated in his stead to the Archbishoprick of Sevil. In Navarre a great Joy was allayed by a greater Sorrow King Francis who during the Troubles of Navarre had resided in France at last as had been agreed came to Pamplona with his Mother Uncles and a great Retinue of Nobility of France and Navarre He was received with great Pomp and a general Applause Crowned in the Cathedral and Proclaimed King on the 3d of October He was then in the flower of his Youth being 15 years of Age wonderful Beautiful and well inclined The first thing he did was to forbid upon Pain of Death any Persons whatsoever calling themselves Biamonteses or Agramonteses the hateful Names of those Factions which had so long distracted that Kingdom He made Luis Earl of Lerin Constable and gave him Larraga and other Towns to oblige him because he was powerful This done he took a Progress through the Kingdom punished Malefactors and secured the Authority of Magistrates It was proposed to Marry him to secure the Succession King Ferdinand offered his Daughter the Princess Joanna The King of France advised him to take to Wife the other Princess Joanna Daughter to King Henry then a professed Nun in Portugal thinking by this means to have an opportunity of subduing Castile Magdalen the young King's Mother an Ambitious Woman was more inclinable to this Match and therefore lest any Violence should be offered her Son persuaded him to repass the Mountains where he had large Dominions He was no sooner come to the City Pau or S. Paul in Bearne but he fell sick and died on the 30th of January 1483. His Body was buried in Lescar a City in Bearn His Sister Catherine succeeded him in the Throne as was her due By her Marriage soon after that Kingdom fell under the Dominion of the French who enjoyed it not long In Portugal King John punished some of the Nobility who had conspired to Murder him and with their Blood revenged their wicked Designs against his Person These Nobles were offended at the King 's Austere Temper his Severity in punishing Offenders and for his great freedom in declaring his Mind But above all they resented that contrary to ancient Custom the King's Alguaziles or Officers by his special Command apprehended and punished Malefactors upon their Estates They consulted together and expecting no Redress by fair Means resolved to use Force The Heads of this Conspiracy were the Dukes Ferdinand of Bragança and James of Viseo the most Powerful Men in the Kingdom and of the Blood Royal. Many others joined with them as the Marquess de Montemor the Earl of Haro the Duke of Braganca's Brothers D. Garcia de Meneses Bishop of Ebora his Brother Ferdinand and D. Lope du Albuquerque Earl of Penamacor This Conspiracy was discovered after this manner The Cortes sate at Ebora Some good Laws were Established and among other things it was provided that the Nobility should not have the Power of Oppressing the People This the Duke of Bragança complained was a Breach of the ancient Priviledges of the Nobility and offered to produce the Grants of Kings to his Predecessors Lope de Figueredo his Comptroller searching for these Papers found among them others which made out that the Duke held Correspondence with the King of Castile to the prejudice of the Crown of Portugal He carried them privately to the King who having viewed them ordered him to Copy them and return the Originals to the place where he found them It hapned the Queen in the Spring of the year 1483 was sick at Almarin after Lying in Her Brother the Duke of Viseo and her Brother in Law the Duke of Bragança came to visit her The King Entertained them kindly desiring to put a stop to that Mischief without hazarding a War At length one morning after hearing Mass he took the Duke of Bragança aside there he told him how he was informed of all his Designs and Treasonable Correspondence with Castile that he was with much difficulty induced to believe it and yet being convinced of the truth was willing to Pardon and bury it in oblivion advising him to consider none could be more his Friend than he that was so near a Kinsman and that if any thing had been amiss he ought to have advised him better or winked at any Error in the Government This Discourse of the King 's surprized the Duke He begged the King would not give Credit to Informers who strive to rise upon the Ruins of others assuring him he would not lay the stain of Disloyalty upon his Family and affirming with great Imprecations upon himself that all he said was true The King went away to Santarem the Dukes to their Estates no way departing from their Designs Mean while F. Ferdinand de Talavera Prior of Prado a Monastery of the Order of S. Hierome near Valladolid and the King's Confessor was sent to Portugal to Ratifie the late Peace and Propose that the Prince and Princess given as Hostages might be restored to their Parents which was accordingly done Only this Alteration was made in the former Articles that Prince Alonso should Marry the Princess Joanna the youngest Daughter of King Ferdinand because they were both of an Age. In May the Princess Elizabeth returned to Castile and Prince Alonso to his Father the Duke of Bragança accompanying him to Ebora where the Court was There he was apprehended upon Intelligence given by Gaspar Jusarte that he still held Correspondece with King Ferdinand by the means of Peter Jusarte Both Brothers were Rewarded for the Discovery The Duke was impeached of High Treason Tried and Condemned to Death His Execution was on the 22th of June With him suffered 6 other Fidalgos or Noblemen found guilty of the same Crime The Constable of Portugal the Dukes Brothers and others fled The Dutchess as soon as she received the News of her Husband's Death sent her 3 Sons Philip James and Denis to Castile Philip died there a Batchelor James was Pardoned and returned to Portugal Denis Married the Heiress of the Earl of Lemos in Castile His youth saved the Duke of Viseo the King only giving him a Reprimand the day after the Execution of the other Neither the Punishment of the one nor the Mercy extended to the other Duke had influence enough to prevail with the other Conspirators to desist They complained that no Man was safe and that the Duke of Bragança had been wrongfully put to death Therefore it was resolved the King should be murdered and the Duke of Viseo set up in his place They only waited an opportunity to give the Stroke but before it could be performed all the Conspiracy was detected after this manner James Tinoco had a Sister who was Mistress to the Archbishop of Ebora She having found out what was contrived discovered
that vast Ocean to refresh the Seamen with its Fruit Fish and Flesh tho' scarce Inhabited being but Four Leagues in length and so far from any Land Thence by the way of the Islands Terceras the Ships generally return to Lisbon in August or September The End of the 26th BOOK The History of SPAIN BOOK XXVII CHAP. I. The Death of the Prince of Castile Of Charles VIII King of France Matches of Two Daughters of Spain The Prince of Salerno expelled Naples France and Spain agree Hierome Savonarola burnt at Florence THE Affairs of Spain at one and the same time prospered in Italy and within Spain had a mixture of Felicity and Adversity Two Matches for as many of King Ferdinand's Daughters were concluded that is of the Princess Catherine with Arthur Prince of Wales and Heir to Henry VII King of England and of the Princess Elizabeth with Emanuel King of Portugal These Marriages were of great Importance because together with those of the House of Austria they bound such Mighty Princes to the Interest of Spain The Match with England was fully concluded upon the 15 of August 1497. To forward the Marriage with Portugal D. John Manuel that King's Foster-Brother came to Castile It was agreed that King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth should carry the Princess their Daughter to the Borders of Portugal where King Emanuel should meet them to consummate the Marriage upon the last Day of September Ceclamin was at first the Place appointed to meet but that Town wanting Conveniencies they spent three Days together at Valencia de Alcantara Their Joy was much abated by the News of the Indisposition of Prince John who died the 13 day after he was taken ill at Salamanca on the 4th of October to the great Loss and Grief of the whole Kingdom He left the Princess with Child but that availed little for in a short time after she miscarried The Prince's Body was carried to Avila to be buried in the famous Dominican Monastery of S. Thomas This dismal News came to Alcantara whilst yet the Rejoycing for the Wedding lasted but after King Ferdinand was gone King Emanuel begged of the Queen his Mother-in-Law not to let the Queen his Wife know any thing of it and so went away with her to Ebora There she was at last acquainted with the Death of the Prince her Brother She resented it as became a loving Sister but his Parents bore their Loss with great Magnanimity The Kingdom of Naples was not yet peaceable because the Prince of Salerno and his Party mistrusting the King fortified their Towns and Castles The first Demonstration that Prince gave of his Ill-will was That tho' he appeared when King Frederick was Proclaimed at Naples yet he would not be present at his Coronation under colour of Poverty However the Prince of Basiniano came to Court the day following to excuse himself and intercede for him of Salerno No means of Peace prevailed and the King was forced to march with his Army and besiege him in his strong Town of Diano Gonçalo Fernandez was now about returning to Spain as reckoning the War of Naples at an end To this purpose he had gone into Calabria thence to Sicily and now came to Naples to take his Leave of the King and Queen They pressed him to aid them in that Siege because the Defendants were numerous and the King's Party favoured them The Great Captain gathered 500 Spaniards and the King furnishing him 500 Germans he so straitned the Besieged tho' with much danger of his Person that the Prince was forced to surrender It was agreed That the Prince with all such as would follow him might safely depart the Kingdom with their Goods That all the Towns and Forts belonging to the Prince should be delivered up to the King he paying for the Cannon and Provisions in them Thus Diano was surrendered upon the 28th of December and the Prince put himself into the hands of the Duke of Melfi to be conducted to Sangalla a City in Marca de Ancona which sided with the King of France The Earls of Conça and Lauria his Confederates bore him Company He of Capacho being very old put himself upon the King's Mercy This same Year in Autumn D. John de Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia sent a Fleet over to Africk to People Melilla which is opposite to Almeria and had been abandoned by the Moors In recompence for the Charge he had been at that Town was given to the Duke and his Heirs for ever The Xeque or Lord of Gelves who was in Rebellion aginst the King of Tunez his Sovereign to secure himself under the Christian Protection delivered up that Island and Port to the Catholick King and in his Name to John de Lanuça then Viceroy of Sicily Captain Margarit was left with the Spanish Forces to secure that Island A solemn Embassie from France now met the King at Alcala de Henares The Proposals made were That the Two Kings with their joint Forces should invade Italy That as to the Kingdom of Naples the Catholick King should possess Calabria till such time as the French King in exchange should give him the Kingdom of Navarre and 30000 Ducats yearly for what it was worth above that Kingdom That the States of Milan and Genoa should belong to the French and all the rest of Italy be equally divided betwixt them The Catholick King was not averse from the Business of Naples but as for the rest of Italy would not be concerned without advertising the Empire who had so great a Right to it At last it was resolved King Ferdinand should send Ambassadors to France to prosecute this Treaty At this time all the Monasteries of Castile were reduced to the strict Observance of their Orders which the Dominicans Augustins and Carmelites easily condescended to The Franciscans at first made some resistance According to Agreement the King sent Ferdinand Duke of Estrada and Two others his Ambassadors to conclude a Peace with France At the same time it was believed the French King resolved to invade Roussillon but Death prevented his Designs He departed this Life at Amboise on the 17th of April 1498. The Duke of Orleans called Luis XII succeeded him At Blois where the New King was and afterwards at Orleans the Treaty of Peace was carried on that King always giving good Words and fair Promises only to gain time till he was settled in the Kingdom and could be divorced from his present Wife Sister to the late King in order to marry the Dutchess of Britany who since the death of the late King her Husband was for returning into her own Country He at last compassed his ends and had by that Dutchess two Daughters only the Eldest of which was married to Francis the Heir of that Crown Before the death of King Charles it was proposed that Caesar Borgia should resign his Cardinal's Cap to which purpose that King promised him an Estate in
in the Roman History and reaching to Campania The Moderns divide this Province into Abruzzo Citra and Abruzzi Ultra the River of Pescara being the Bounder of the Two Parts These Provinces in the Division of the Kingdom were adjudged to the King of France On the same side with Abruzzo is Apulia divided into Capitanata Terra di Bari and Terra di Otranto which runs as far as Taranto and thn Confines of Calabria On the other side beyond Naples begins the Principality whose Capital City is Salerno Then follows Basilicata formerly called Lucania and then Calabria where were the ancient Brutii upon the Coast of the Mediterranean In this Province is Cosenza the Capital City and Rogio upon the Streight of Meçina The Inland was called Magna Graecia where are Rosano Catançaro and Cotron As to the Principality it is dubious whether it ought to be comprehended in Calabria Touching Basilicata was the same Dispute and therefore the Kings agreed these Provinces should be divided Yet some affirmed that this Territory lying along the Mountains that part Apulia and Calabria made no distinct Province from them two but that as much as lies towards the East belongs to Apulia and towards the West to Calabria In Basilicata are Melfi Atela Barleta and other Cities Capitanata is that part which lies betwixt the Rivers Aufido and Tertoro in it are Manfredonia Monte Santangelo and Troya There is no doubt but that Territory was contained in the ancient Apulia since Ptolomy places Mount S. Garganus which is there Famous for the Church of S. Michael in Apulia And the Moderns always understood that Apulia began where Abruzzo ended and was divided into those three Parts already mentioned Nay several Authors mention Capitanata as a Territory of Apulia and always the Duty of the Cattel of Apulia was received in that Territory Let every one judge as he shall think fit it suffices to our Purpose that hence the French and Spaniards took occasion to decide that by the Sword which their Kings tho' often pressed to it could never be brought to resolve But this we shall speak of hereafter Now King Frederick who continued at Ischia as had been agreed being out of conceit with the Catholick King put himself into the hands of the King of France and his Wife and Children and the Cardinal Luis d' Aragon his Nephew upon promise of 30000 Francs to maintain his House His Sister Beatrix Queen of Hangary stayed in that Island and thence went over to Sicily Elizabeth his Niece who had been married to John Galeazo the Great Duke of Milan went to Bari in Apulia Whilst this Treaty was betwixt the King of France and the Deposed Frederick the Archduke in Flanders was courted to go over to Spain with his Wife that they might according to Custom be sworn Heirs to the Crown This Year was born to the Archduke a Daughter called Elizabeth The King his Father-in-Law was desirous to have him in Spain that he might be acquainted with the Customs of the Country and to break him of some youthful ill Habits he had learned of his Servants But they being used to Govern him were not willing he should stand in awe of D. John de Fonseca Bishop of Cordova who was sent to persuade him to come into Spain and the King of France invited him to take his way through that Kingdom as he did The Princess Catharine sailed from Corun̄a in a Fleet provided for that purpose to be married in England as had been agreed She set sail on the 25th of August With her went into England D. Alonso de Fonseca Archbishop of Santiago the Count and Countess of Cabra and other Persons of Note After their departure there arose such a Storm that the Fleet was scattered and tho' some Ships recovered Southampton the most were forced back to Laredo On the 2d of September they put to Sea again and arrived with the Princess in England She was married with great Solemnity to Prince Arthur at London But how much Misery did this poor Lady undergo through the Extravagancy of her wicked Husband This same Year the Lady Beatrix de Castro Daughter to the Earl of Lemos was contracted to Denis Brother to the Duke of Bragança the King giving them the Towns of Sarria Castro and Otera which the Earl of Lemos pretended to have a Right to In October a Peace was concluded at the City Trent betwixt the Emperor and King of France The chief Article was That Charles the Archduke's Son should marry Claudia that King's Daughter a Match often agreed upon but that never took effect The Fleets sent from France and Portugal at the instance of the Catholick King to aid the Venetians against the Turks did nothing worth relating That of Portugal only went to Corfou and returned The French went to the Island Scio belonging to the Genoeses and having only hindred the Turks from receiving their usual Tribute there suffered so much by Pestilence Stress of Weather and the Enemy that scarce 1000 Men of all the Fleet returned home They repaired to Apulia and were courteously entertained by the Great Captain 's Order The Venetians also returned home who had but 25 Galleys ill provided This Year the Turk put no Fleet to Sea which if he had there was no Force to oppose him In Spain the Catholick King published a Proclamation commanding all the Moors who were dispersed throughout Castile and Andaluzia called Mudejares either to become Christians or depart the Country About the end of the Year there was a certain Commotion which if not prevented in time might have produced a War D. Luis de la Cerda Duke of Medina Celi upon his Death-bed married his Mistriss to Legitimate D. John a Son he had by her D. In̄igo de la Cerda the Duke's Brother whose Son Luis married the Duke del Infantado's Daughter pretended he was Heir to that Estate The Duke of Medina Celi being dead the Duke del Infantado raised Men and laid siege to Cogolludo in order to seize all the Estate The King ordered him to disband his Forces and take his Course at Law The Duke was forced to obey and D. John was left possessed of his Father's Estate News was brought that the Archduke with his Wife were coming through France All the way they were nobly entertained At Paris on the 13th of December both Parties swore to the Peace before concluded at Trent and the Archduke did Homage to the King of France as Earl of Flanders The Princess would allow that King no Superiority Thence they set forward and through Guienne came to Fuenterabia on the 29th of February 1502. There they were received by the Constable of Castile the Duke of Najara the Earl of Trevin̄o his Son and the Chief Commendary D. Gutierre de Cardenas The more to express the Publick Joy leave was given that such as might wear Silk Doublets might also have Silk Coats and coloured which shews the Modesty of
he should have taken it and so the Breach had been the greater His chief care was to reestablish the Administration of Justice much depraved by the late Confusions He endeavoured to raise some Supplies of Money to help defray the past Expences and pay the Forces he was to keep on Foot which he Quartered about as might be least offensive to the People Some Companies of Spaniards whom he knew to be Insolent and Injurious he sent away to Spain in Two Ships He forgot not to repair the harms done during the War and particularly the Walls of Naples and Gasto Capua he secured with such Works as made it stronger than if it had been Walled These things he did to be in a readiness in case the Enemy should attempt any thing again and all was easie to him by reason of the great reputation he had gained not only in that Kingdom but throughout all Italy so that many Cities offered to side with Spain Genoa both the Factions of the Adornos and Fregosos consenting offered to revolt from the French so they were supplied with 2000 Spaniards Julian de Medicis Brother to Peter that was drowned in the River Garellano promised 100000 Ducats a Year from himself and his Party if he were restored to Florence whence at present he was Banished The Council of Pisa to avoid falling again into the Hands of the Florentines proposed either to submit themselves wholly to the Catholick King or to put themselves under his Protection The City Areço rather than continue subject to the Florentines made the same offers The Lord of Plombin a City tho' small yet of great importance for the defence of the Kingdom put himself under the Protection of Spain To be short Pandolfo Petrucci and Paul Ballon made the same Overtures for themselves and their Cities of Siena and Perusa Even in the City of Milan 600 of the Citizens offered their Service if he would attempt to Conquer that Dukedom All these practices were at an end by the Truce concluded in France by the Ambassadors Gralla and Antony Augustin for Three Years the Kingdom of Naples included The Catholick King Swore to observe it at Mejorada about the end of January One of the Articles was that the said Truce should be Proclaimed at Naples on the 25th of February which was not performed because the Great Captain would first have it made known to such as were still in Rebellion The Prince of Rosano would not admit of it but because the Commendary Solis on that score did not press Rosano he with his Forces sate down before Cherinthia where he did much harm Luis de Arsi tho' he admitted the Truce drove the Cattle of Andria and Barletta and took what Prisoners he could Our Commanders said that notwithstanding the Truce they might punish such of the Barons as committed any Insult after it and therefore pressed both them we have spoken of Venosa with its Castle was easily taken because Luis de Arsi left it unprovided when he retired thence to Trana and thence to France which in a Bravado he did with Colours flying and Beat of Drum Thus only Six Towns in that Kingdom and those remote from the Sea were left to the French The King of France pretended that all that was taken after the day appointed for proclaiming the Truce ought to be restored as unlawfully gained and suspected the Delay of proclaiming had been advisedly contrived to that purpose On the other side it was guessed he never intended to observe the Truce and had only contrived it to have the better Opportunity of taking the Spaniards at an Advantage which might well be believed because at the same time he had appointed John James Trivulcio his General in Italy besides 5000 Swissers and 500 Horse were daily expected out of France under the Command of the Lords of Aubigni and Alegre and the Marquess of Mantua and Duke of Ferrara raised all the Forces they could in Italy At the same time the Great Captain was dangerously sick which with the Report spread abroad of Re-establishing king Frederick and the Pope's soliciting to have him General of the French Forces gave occasion to People to discourse variously of matters of State and particularly the Coloneses took the Liberty to utter some bold Speeches All was again appeased by the Recovery of the Great Captain who pesently appyled himself to make all the necessary Prepations for a mighty War which was expected would break out again in that Kingdom All Italy and Spain suffered very much this Year by Famine and on the 5th of April being Good Friday there were great Earth-quakes in Castile and Andaluzia which overthrew many Buildings The greatest harm was done in some Towns on the Banks of the River Guadalquivir Lope Soarez de Albergaria Sailed from Lisbon with a good Fleet for India This same Year the Catholick King gave the Office of Lord High Steward to D. Bernard de Sandoval y Rojas Marquess of Denia of whose Family because often mention is made it will not be from the purpose to set down the latter part of their Genealogy Ferdinand Gutierrez de Sandoval who is said to have been chief Commendary of Castile was Father to D. James Gomez de Sandoval first Earl of Castro and Lord Lieutenant of Castile his Eldest Son was Ferdinand the Father of D. James Gomez de Sandoval whom King Ferdinand Created Marquess of Denia His Son was D. Bernard who we said was made Lord High Steward to the same King Ferdinand in which place he continued even after the King's death to Queen Joanna D. Bernard had by his Wife the Lady Frances Enriquez Four Sons and Six Daughters He had also a Bastard Son who for his good Parts came to be Archbishop of Sevil. Luis Eldest Son to D. Bernard was Father to Francis Earl of Lerma who died before him but left a Son called D. Francis Gomez de Sandoval who came to be Duke of Lerma and a Cardinal of whom we shall speak in another Place D. Ferdinand Youngest Son to the said Marquess had many Children and among them D. Bernard de Rojas y Sandoval Cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo to whom that Church is obliged for restoring to it the Lieutenancy of CaÄ™orla after it had been many Years Alienated CHAP. IV. Perfidiousness of Duke Valentin who is as perfidiously sent into Spain by the Great Captain contrary to his promise and he ill represented to the King Projects of Peace betwixt France and Spain come to nothing THE Vâ—netians after the death of Pope Alexander had possessed themselves of several Cities in Romania and aimed at the rest Duke Valentin being no way able to oppose them agreed to deliver such Forts as remained in his power to Pope Julius who sent one Peter de Oviedo to take possession but the Duke changing his Mind gave private Orders to his Lieutenant at Cesana to Hang the said Peter He did so whereupon the Pope Arrested
to take share in the plunder of the Houses The King hearing of this Tumult sent James de Almeyda and James Lopez to take cognisance of the matter The Two Friars that were the Ringleaders were put to death and burnt and many others punished The Strangers hoisting Sails got away with a rich Booty In Castile on the one side was expected the coming of the new King and Queen and on the other was great rejoicing for the Marriage of King Ferdinand and the Lady Germana From Salamanca went the Archbishop of Zaragoça with other Men and Ladies of Quality to Fuenterabia to attend the Bride King Ferdinand the Two Queens of Naples Mother and Daughter the Duke of Calabria and many more Lords went to Valladolid and thence to Duen̄as There on the 18th of March they were Married The Queen was great Niece to the Catholick King and Grandaughter to his Sister Ellenor Queen of Navarre The Popes dispensation was obtained with much difficulty the Emperor and his Son opposing it With the Queen came Luis d' Amboise Bishop of Albi Hector Pignatelo and Peter de Santandrea the King of France his Ambassadors There came also the Princes of Salerno and Melfi and other Barons of the Faction of Anjou to settle their Affairs Next day after the Marriage the King and Queen with all their Train set out towards Valladolid In that City the King took a solemn Oath in the presence of many Prelates and Noblemen to oblige himself and his Successors to the performance of all the Articles of the League with France A few days after the Neapolitan Barons did Homage to the King and Queen as rightful Sovereigns of the Kingdom of Naples for themselves and those that were absent This Solemnity being over the King set out for Burgos to meet the new King and Queen who he expected would Land at Laredo or some other Port of that Coast with whom went the Archbishops of Toledo and Sevil the Duke of Alva the Admiral the Constable and the Earl of Cifuentes All these seemed inclined to see all that was ordained by the Will of Queen Elizabeth performed At Torquemada the Catholick King received advice that his Son and Daughter were Landed at Corun̄a on the 28th of April The cause of their coming so late was the stay they made with the King of England and their being detained at Plymouth by the Weather They Landed at Corun̄a King Philip being perswaded it was best for him to be the farthest he could from his Father-in-Law to have time to find how the Nobility and Commonality stood affected towards him to behave himself accordingly being resolved not to stand to the late Agreement unless he were forced to it This was the Advice of D. John Manuel who had great influence over him and would have carried him to land in Andalucia if the Weather had permitted About this time Gonçalo Marin̄o de Ribera Commander of Melilla for the Duke of Medina Sidonia had the Town of Caçaça delivered to him by Composition It is in the Kingdom of Fez 5 Leagues from Melilla and has a good Port and remained in Propriety to the Duke of Medina Sidonia The coming of King Philip which ought to have produced Peace and a general Satisfaction might have caused an absolute Breach had not the Catholick King prudently quenched the spreading flame of Discontent which began to appear in all Places The Humours and Designs of the Two Kings were opposite in all respects As soon as King Philip Landed he sent to require the Earls of Benavente and Lemos as also the other Nobility of Galicia and Castile to Declare for him which was the way to raise Tumults rather than settle Peace Finding this contrivance answered his expectation and that many freely declared for him he presently professed he would not stand to the late Treaty concluded at Salamanca He also began to discountenance his Father-in-Laws Servants and one day speaking to D. Peter de Ayala told him that tho' he had in Flanders and England winked at his Proceedings in opposition to his Service he would no longer bear with it and since he was his Subject he should take care how he behaved himself He turned away the Alcaides and Alguaziles de Corte sent by King Ferdinand to attend upon him thinking his Father-in-Law designed to choose his Family He was well instructed not to allow of any Tutor or Overseer as D. John Manuel called it His followers exclaimed against the Catholick King especially for his Marriage and the Articles of it which gave away the Kingdom of Naples from his Daughter and Grandson In this particular no doubt they had reason but the King did it to gain the King of France On the other Side the Catholick King as soon as he heard of his Son-in-law and Daughters Landing sent D. Raimund de Cardona and Ferdinand de Vega to visit them and went himself towards Leon in order to meet them but stopped at Astorga till he knew their Will He ordered the Marquess of Villena who was come to Burgos with a great Train and the Duke of Najara who was raising his kindred and followers to go to Corun̄a in Warlike manner to forbear proceeding after that manner and to go thither with their usual Retinue He pressed his Son-in-Law to dismiss 2000 Germans he brought with him fearing that might give some cause of Discontent to the People He also sent Almaçan his Secretary to join with his Ambassadors D. Raimund D. Ferdinand de Vega D. Peter de Ayala and Gutierre Gomez de Fuensalida that they might agree upon the Place where he should meet his Son and Daughter which he desired might be very speedily and King Philip's followers laboured to delay as much as might be First Sarria then Ponferrada were the Places proposed for the interview but none pleased his People and particularly D. John Manuel who managed all and feared that if the Two Kings met the one being very subtle and the other open besides the respect due to a Father they would easily agree which was what he chiefly laboured to prevent To this purpose he told D. Peter de Ayala that the Catholick King might be perswaded three things whereon he much relied should never come to pass First that at the Interview there should be no manner of Discourse of Business Secondly that the meeting should be in the Field and not with equal Retinues but that King Philip should have much the greater Thirdly that the Catholick King should not Confide in the Favour of the Queen his Daughter for it would not avail him Great Offers were again made to D. John Manuel for himself and his Children to bring him over to King Ferdinand but he had a Spirit above all that At this time died at Valladolid Christopher Columbus Admiral of the West-Indies the first Discoverer of the New World Now also the Marquess of Villena the Earl of Benavente and the Duke of Najara were come to Corun̄a and
Kingdoms to come over with all the Forces he could make which he did with those that came from Tripoli and some other Horse D. Raymund de Cardona from Ancona repaired to Naples to recruit his Army and make the other necessary Preparations Before the Battel was fought Pope Julius provided for the celebrating the Lateran Council at the time appointed In order to it he appointed 8 Cardinals and some other Persons to attend that Affair and reform the City of Rome and his own Court that the foreign Prelates might not be scandalized at any Disorders He pressed the Bishops of Naples Sicily and Spain but particularly the Archbishops of Toledo and Sevil to repair to the Council that so he might bear down the Assembly at Pisa under the Schismatick Cardinals They about this time removed from Pisa to Milan and encouraged by the Success of the French published their Declaration against the Pope It contained That whereas they had often intreated him to come to the Council or at least not to obstruct the Sitting o' it and that instead of so doing he had caused much innocent Blood to be shed and there was no hope of his forsaking his Vices therefore they suspended him from Spiritual or Temporal Jurisdiction which they adjudged to the Council according to the Decrees of the Eleventh Session of the Council of Bosle and the Fourth and Fifth of the Council of Constance This Declaration was set up in the Churches of Milan Florence Genoa Verondâ— and Bolonia A Buisness that scandalized the whole World and made the Pope the more earnest to open the Council of S. John Lateran At length it was opened on the 10th of May. There were present the Cardinals of Rome many Prelates from several Parts and the Pope himself presided Egidius de Viterbo General of the Order of S. Augustin made a Learned Speech upon the Subject of their being there Assembled CHAP. IV. The War in Navarre King Ferdinand possesses himself of that Kingdom The Affairs of Italy The Great Captain stopped from going thither THE Truce betwixt the Emperor and Venetians and the Negociation of the Cardinal of Sion was the cause that on the 19th of May 16000 Swiss were come to Valcamonica and brought with them 18 Field Pieces Besides these 6000 came by the way of Novara and 2000 by Bergamo The Baron of Altsaxe was their General and with him came Matthew Cardinal of Sion Most of the French Forces abandoned Italy On the 27th of May above 20000 Swiss came to Verona which they easily took the French quitting both City and Castle Here Paul Capelo with 700 Men at Arms 800 Light-Horse and 4000 Foot of the Republick joined the Swiss They together pursued the French Army who retired to Aste on the utmost Borders of Milan the Sieur de la Palisse resolving to abandon Lombardy being terrified that the Germans had forsaken him Cremona Milan and almost all the Cities submitted themselves to this powerful Army and Ravenna was delivered to the Pope The Spaniards were for restoring that Dukedom to Maximilian Sforcia The Schismatick Cardinals fled into France Parma and Plasencia submitted to the Pope In Spain the Differences continued betwixt the Kings of Aragon and Navarre and the latter was fearful since the death of the Duke of Nemours that the other would pretend to that Kingdom in right of Queen Germana The French Ambassador in Navarre assured that King That his Master would stand by him with all his Forces and offered to give his youngest Daughter in marriage to the Prince of Viana These Promises so prevailed with that King that he entred into a League with France which proved his ruin Mean while the Marquess of Dorset with the English Fleet in which were 5000 Archers came to Passage a Port in Guipuscoa D. Frederick de Portugal Bishop of Siguença who was at S. Sebastian by the King's Order to furnish the English with all Necessaries went to welcome him A good Force was gathering in Castile to join with the English under the Command of the Duke of Alva King Ferdinand's Design was first to invade Navarre that he might leave aâ— safe behind He summoned the Corles of Aragon to meet at Monçon appointing Queen Germana to preside and ordered all the Forces of the Kingdom to be got together because he intented to Command in Person The Cortes agreed to maintain 200 Men at Arms and 300 Light Horse for the space of 2 Years and 8 Months The King of Navarre to divert this Storm sent his Mareschal Peter of Navarre to make some Composition The Catholick King resolved to besiege Pamplona and would have the Marquess of Dorset join with him but he excused himself saying he had no Orders to make War upon the King of Navarre and complained that the King's Forces were not ready to invade Guienne He said at first it had been easie to take Bayonne it being unprovided which now would be very difficult they having had time to prepare for their Defence The Duke of Alva waited for Orders at Vitoria His Forces which consisted of 1000 Men at Arms 1500 Light-Horse and 6000 Foot Quartered in Alava Rioja and Guipuzcoa Orders were brought the Duke to march to Pamplona and accordingly he entred the Kingdom of Navarre upon the 21st of July D. Luis de Biamonte who was banished Navarre led the Van. The Queen was gone to Bearne and the King was at Pamplona but no hopes being left of defending it retired to Lumbieâ—â—e Pamplona immediately surrendered to the Duke and all other Places were for doing the same Upon this King John sent Three Commissioners to the Duke who resigned up the whole Kingdom to King Ferdinand to be held in trust and consented to deliver up the Prince of Viana the King's Son King John withdrew over the Mountains All Places submitted except Estela and Val d' Ezua in the Mountain The French who came to succour King John were now in Bearne The Catholick King came to LogronÌ„o D. Antony d' AcunÌ„a Bishop of Zamora had been at Pamplona in the behalf of the See Apostolick to require King John not to side with the Enemies of the Church and was now sent to Bearne to advise that King not to deviate from the late Articles agreed upon He was taken at Salvatierra and delivered up to the Duke of Longueville the French General and Governour of Guienne who afterwards sent him back to carry on the Treaty of Peace he leaving Three Nephews Hostages for his Return Navarre submitting so easily made the French jealous of some Treachery to remove which Suspicion King John put Salvatierra into their hands and went himself to the King of France He had resolved with all his Forces to secure Guienne and on the other side King Ferdinand was making sure of Navarre He made all the Country Swear Allegiance to him as to their King pretending King John had broke the Capitulation Tudela submitted not till the Archbishop of Zaragoça
The Earl of Muro Governour of Apulia was commanded to go and reside at his Government and Michael de Ajerve to the Mountain of Abruzzo All had Orders to favour the Execution of Justice CHAP. VIII The Death of the Queen of France Truce betwixt France and Spain prolong'd The Affairs of Portugal ON the 9th of January 1514. dy'd the Queen of France Among others sent to condole with that King was F. Bernard de Mesa Bishop of Trin̄opoli from Queen Germana he had also Orders to sollicite for the Dukedom of Nemours and Lordship of Narbonne to which the Queen was Heiress upon the Death of her Brother Gaston de Foix. Ramiro Nun̄o de Guzman was sent Ambassador to Rome by King Ferdinand By the way on the 5th of March he concluded a Treaty with the Genoeses by which the King was obliged to protect that State and they to assist the King At the same time the Adornos were treating with the Swiss about changing the Government of that City In France the Bishop of Trinopoli again revived the Discourse of marrying that King's youngest Daughter to Prince Ferdinand in Order to a Peace and also of matching the King of France then a Widdower with Ellenor Sister to Prince Charles The Emperor and Venetians at last referred the Decision of the Differences between them to the Pope yet so that King Ferdinand should approve of his Decision On the 18th of March the Pope Decreed that the Emperor should keep Verona and Vincenza and the Venetians Bressa and Bergamo they paying down to the Emperor 250000 Duccats and 30000 yearly Before the Catholick King 's Approbation could be had the Venetians declared they would not stand to that Decision The Truce between Spain and France was prolonged for a Year more in order to conclude a Peace The Dauphin was against this Truce fearing lest if a Peace followed he might lose the Dukedom of Milan The Emperor was rather for it his Thoughts being bent against the Venetians But the King of England was so offended that on the 7th of August he concluded a League Defensive and Offensive with the King of France without making any mention of the King his Father-in-Law Luis Carroz the Spanish Ambassador at that Court laboured to appease the King as did Queen Catherine but all in vain Soon after D. Luis Carroz returned to Spain and the Bishop of Trinopoli went over from France to succeed him In Lombardy the Viceroy by Storm took Citadela a very strong Town between Padua and Treviso Prosper Colona with the Duke of Milan's Forces besieged Crema which was well defended for the Venetians by Renço Cherri Garcia Manrique lay at Robigo with some Companies of Men at Arms. Albiano who watched all Opportunities to revenge his Losses surprized them by night the Spaniards surrendred themselves and Garcia Manrique with the other Officers were sent Prisoners to Vincenza Renço Cherri sallied out of Crema by Night and setting upon part of the Duke's Forces commanded by Silvio Sabelo put them to the Rout and went himself to Bergamo which he took without any Resistance the Spaniards retiring into the Castle On the first of November came the Viceroy to their Relief and Renço seeing no Possibility of holding out surrendred the City upon Articles About the sametime the Castle of Lanterna at Gonoa which till now had held out for the French was delivered to Duke Octavian Fregoso Let us turn back a little The Great Turk having put an end to the War with his Brothers and the Sofi Ismael who took their part was fitting out above 150 Galleys and designed them against Italy It was supposed he woul invade by the way of Marca Ancona which belongs to the Church The Pope laboured to bring the Emperor Kings of England France Spain and Portugal and the Dukes of Milan and Genoa into a League Offensive and Defensive against the Turks but after he had made a great Progress herein it all fell to nothing Private Quarrels hindred those Princes from uniting and other Wars diverted the Turk from his Designs upon Christendom Only the King of Portugal enjoyed Peace and Prosperity being enriched with the Trade of India and successful in his Conquests in Africk About the end of the last Year he sent a solemn Embassy to the Pope to make his Compliment of Obeisance As a Token of his Grandeur he also sent very rich Presents which were a Pontisical Vestment of Cloath of Gold embroidered with Pearls and precious Stones the richest that had ever been in the Treasury of S. Peter An Ounce brought from Persia wonderfully fleet which an Indian carried behind him on horseback and had taught it when he made a Sign to leap off and hunt An Elephant covered with Cloath of Gold and a Castle on his back being taught besides other things to kneel before the Prince to dance to a Pipe and to fill his Trunk with Water and sprinkle the People Also a Rhinoceros a Creature not seen in Italy in many Ages It was designed to fight with the Elephant these Creatures being naturally Enemies But the Rhinoceros was lost the Ship being cast away upon the Coast of Genoa Tristan de Acun̄a a Gentleman well versed in the Affairs of India and principal Ambassador made his publick Entry into Rome upon the 12th of March. On the 20th the Day appointed to receive Audience of the Pope James Pacheco a great Civilian and one of Acun̄a's Companions delivered himself to the Pope in this manner King Emanuel of Pertugal most holy Father has sent us to felicitate your happy Assumption to the Pontificate wishing you may enjoy it many Years for the good of the Church as we all hope it will be and also to pay his Obedience as is usual and due yet done by him with a most ready Will which may make amends for the Delay caused by many great and weighty Obstacles He also humbly makes Suit to your Holiness to cast the Eyes of your fatherly Care upon making up the Breaches of Christendom upon reconciling the Christian Princes and uniting their Forces against the common Enemy who grows upon our Losses and builds his own Grandeur upon our Ruines For what Enterprize can be more glorious or profitable than this Let the past Rage suffice For they deserve no better Stile who turn their Weapons upon themselves To this Purpose it will be very requisite the Holy Council be continued as the King earnestly desires For his own part he promises not to be wanting to the publick Cause and if requisite will not spare his own Blood in this Quarrel It is all his Study to advance the Christian Religion as appears in India where to his immortal Glory he has set up the Holy Standard of the Cross among fierce and barbarous Nations even as far as the utmost Bounds of the Earth No less has he done in Africk having there spent his Treasures and employed the Bravery of his Soldiers Of the Spoil
occasioned before by too much Severity But it fell out otherwise than was expected for the French Flemish and German Hereticks conspired to revenge the Death of the Admiral of France and to secure Antwerp and other places They thought it would be easy to compass their Designs because the King of France was unprovided of an Army and in Flanders the Spanish Soldiers mutinyed for Pay being three Years in Arrears A great number of Horse at the beginning of Lent repaired to the Forrest of S. Germain through which the King of France was forced with all speed to retire to Paris Francis de Montmorency was suspected to be the Author of this Design upon the King as also of being a Favourer of the Hereticks The Spaniards in Flanders tho the chief Mutineers were punished were not appeased and yet Count Luis Brother to the Prince of Orange returning into the Country was overthrown on the 14th of April Great were the Confusions in France when the King died on the 4th of June leaving only one Daughter who lived not long after and the Crown fell to his Brother Henry then King of Poland The Turkish Fleet came to Tunez the 14th of July and on the 22d of August took the Castle of Goleta 24 Days after they took a Fort belonging to that City in which was a Spanish Garison D. John of Austria tho he lay then at Trapano in Sicily could not succour the Besieged Most Men blamed Cardinal Granville then Viceroy of Naples for not furnishing Men Money and Provisions in time Selymus the Great Turk died and Amurat his Son succeeded him About this time the King's Expences being great Duties on Goods were much raised and with the Pope's Permission the Towns belonging to the Church began to be sold The King of Portugal being naturally of a great Spirit which increased with his years sailed over with a Fleet unto Africk but did nothing worth remembring his great desire of extending the Christian Dominions suffered him not to rest In Genoa a Mutiny broke out in which-the new Nobles expelled the old ones out of the City To appease those Tumults the Cardinal John Moron was sent by the Pope a Commissary by the Emperor D. Charles de Borgia Duke of Gandia and D. John Ideaquez Embassador there were appointed by the Catholick King These after the Troubles had lasted two years adjusted all Differences Anno 1575. D. John of Austria came out of Italy into Spain and obtained of the King his Brother to appoint him his Lieutenant over all his Dominions in Italy with the Title of Vicar The Design was that no advantagious Opportunity offered might be lost as often happened by the Delays of the Viceroys This done in the same Fleet that brought him he returned to Italy to be in a Readiness to oppose the Great Turk who it was reported was preparing a mighty Fleet against the Christians This Report proved false But Moluco assisted by the Turks took the Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco from his Nephew Muley Mahomet Cheribo He pretended to justify this Proceeding by a Law some years before established which ordained that the King's Brothers should inherit before their Children Muley fled to Portugal and was the occasion of the great Loss sustained by the Portugueses in endeavouring to restore him The King of France kept the Dukes of Vendosme and Alençon Prisoners at Paris that they might not have the opportunity of embroiling the Kingdom Alençon made his Escape and fled to Normandy whither repaired to him not only the Hereticks but the Catholick Malecontents upon pretence of settling the Kingdom Soon after the Duke of Vendosme making his Escape came to him Anno 1576. Pope Gregory the 13th at Rome at length gave Judgment against Bartholomew de Miranda Archbishop of Toledo after he had been 17 years a Prisoner He died 18 days after in the Monastery of his Order called La Minerva in that City He was more fortunate while a private Man than in his great Dignity being a Person of Learning and Piety if in his latter years he had not given occasion to be suspected and even condemned as one not perfectly sound in matter of Religion Dr. Martin Aspizcueta of Navarre pleaded for him and writ in his Defence being the famousest Canonist of that Age as appears by his Works in Print no less pious than learned Maximilian the Emperor dying his Son Rodulphus already King of the Romans succeeded him in the Empire The Prince of Conde and John Casimir Son to the Palatin entred France by the way of Lorain with 30000 Men in favour of the Duke of Alençon for fear of whom a Peace was concluded with the Hereticks little to the King's Advantage D. Luis de Requesens Governor of Flanders dying the States of that Country met to consult what was to be done The result was that they conspired against their King and resolved to expel the Spaniards join with the Hereticks and take the Prince of Orange for their Head To colour their Treason soon after they sent for Mathias the Emperor's Brother out of Germany but abused him giving him the Name of Prince and doing what pleased themselves Whereupon in a little time leaving that shadow of a Principality he returned to Germany The Rebels in Flanders laid siege to the Castle of Antwerp at such time as the Spaniards being without a Head were in a Mutiny nevertheless they assembled from all parts to defend that Place The Garison of the Castle with all that resorted to them made not above 4000 Men. In the City were above 40000 able to bear Arms Yet their Multitude no way dismayed the Soldiers who falling upon them killed 14000 then plundered and set fire to that rich and beautiful City The same Day this hapned at Antwerp which was the 4th of November D. John of Austria came to Luxemburgh sent by the King of Spain to remedy the Disorders of the Low-Countries and for more Expedition he went through France in a disguise His coming availed nothing the Rebellion being too far advanced Anno 1577. Catherine Queen of Portugal died at Lisbon By her the eager Heat of King Sebastian her Grandson had bin hitherto curbed He and King Philip had an Interview at Guadalupe where they conferred about the Conquest of Africk for which Enterprize the Portugues was preparing and the Catholick King advised him not to go in Person but could not prevail In November a Comet appeared near the Sign Libra and the Planet Mars with a Tail of such extraordinary length and breadth as has scarce been seen After the Death of King Sebastian it was given out it threatned Portugal such are the Predictions of Astrologers and the Commonalty believe Comets portend change of Government Anno 1578. At Madrid on the 14th of April King Philip had a Son born of his Wife Queen Ann who was also called Philip the 4th Child this Queen had and out-lived the others As
all the difficult Mountains with his heavy Baggage and Train of Artillery without losing one head of Cattel This done he dispersed his Army in the Territories of Tubine Camagna Concano and Vignuela Here he expected the coming of 5 Regiments designed for Catalonia and hindred the French from sending Supplies to that Province All the Cattel taken about Cazal he caused to be restored the Governour of that Place and he of Torno giving Security they would for the future no more molest the Subjects of the Dukedom of Milan Then having sent 1600 Italians and Germans designed for Catalonia to Final and made a General Muster he put his Army into Winter Quarters In France all things tended to Rebellion The Queen Mother brought the King to the Parliament of Paris to be recognized as their Lawful Sovereign which they all offered to do when as things were disposed with the usual Pomp for so great a Ceremony but as soon as they broke up many of them fled to Rochelle The Prince of Conde having formed and concluded the League demanded more than it was possible to grant him Yet after this the Queen Duke of Orleans Prince of Conde and Parliament of Paris were again united but it lasted not long for in a little time the Prince of Conde took the Field as did also the King's Army The Duke of Bavaria our King's Cousin died at Munich his eldest Son succeeded him Peace was concluded betwixt the Duke of Neuburg and Elector of Brandenburg and in the midst of the publick Joy for the same died the Duke The Emperor summoned the Diet to meet at Ratisbon upon the 16th of May Cardinal Mazarin returning into France the Treaty of Peace then on Foot was broke off ond the Prince of Conde's Forces daily increased The City of London was exceedingly alarmed with the King's March out of Scotland but Cromwel having defeated his Forces at Worcester returned victorious and then marched to Scotland where all Places submitted to him This same Year Casimir King of Poland gave the Tartars a very signal Overthrow Anno 1652. The Glory of his Catholick Majestie 's Arms was much increased by the recovery of all the Principality of Catalonia Barcelona its Metropolis being restored to his Obedience as shall soon appear D. John of Austria the Marquess of Mortara and the Constable of Castile General of the Horse having signalized their admirable Conduct in all this Siege which tho' it enclosed a vast Tract of Ground was managed only by 8000 Men. But let us first say somewhat of the 3 General Chapters of the military Orders Assembled by his Majestie 's special Command Two Months before the time prefixed for the meeting the King sent out his Summons to all the Commendaries Knights Superiours and Clergy of those Orders to meet Those of the Order of Santingo on the first Day of July 1652 and those of Calatrava and Alcancara upon the 10th of the same Month. On the Day appointed all the Members of the Order of Santiago received the Blessed Sacrament in the Church of S. Hierome His Majesty as perpetual Administrator for the Order was seated on a Chair placed before the Altar where a Pontifical Mass had been sung by the Prior of Ucles the Chapter being kept within his Jurisdiction The Knights and Friars were placed in Order according to their Seniority the Knights with their white Cloaks and the Clergy in their Surplices On the King 's right hand was the Prior of Ucles and the chief Commendaries of his Precinct The Vicar of Merida who is Porter to the Order was ordered to shut out all secular Persons and admit none without his Majestie 's special Command The Vicar of Tudia who is Secretary was appointed to Register all that was done Then by direction of the Prior of Ucles one of the Friars with a loud Voice read the Rules of the Order and in his Majestie 's Name the Chapter was told that all that had been read was what they were bound to observe for the Honour of God and the glorious Apostle S. James and what had been in former Chapters established by the Kings Ferdinand Charles Philip the 2d and Philip the 3d as perpetual Administrators of the Order To which in the Name of the whole Chapter they all standing up uncovered the Prior of Ucles answered He kissed his Majestie 's hands and humbly requested of him to take into his Royal Care the Preservation and Increase of that Holy Order so advantageous to all Christendom and always so Loyal to the Kings of Castile Some Vacancies were there filled up and the Augustin Monastery called of the Lady Mary of Aragon was appointed for the Chapter to be continued in With much the like Ceremony on the 10th of the Month began the Chapter of the two Military Orders of Calatrava and Alcantara the former being upon the right hand of the King and the latter upon the left The Convent of Benedictines called S. Martin was appointed for that of Calatrava to continue their Sessions and that of S. Bernard for the Knights of Alcantara The particular Decrees of each Order made in those Chapters are to be seen in Print particularly those of Calatrava published by D. Hierome de Mascaren̄as Knights of that Order His Majesty desirous to divert the Queen with some extraordinary Sights brought to Court the Dedalus of our Times who surpasses even him of Crete this was a Florentine Gentleman well known in Germany and Italy whose Name was Vaggio The Theater of the Pallace at Buen Retiro was by him prepared and there the most ingenious part of Ovid's Metamorphosis represented Fortune appeared upon her Wheel breaking from amidst the Clouds and charming the Auditory with her Lute and sweet Voice The Heavens and Earth opened and Jove appeared upon his Throne the Terrestrial Gods rising out of the Bowels of the Earth The Son of the most beautiful Goddess appeared crossing the Ocean in a gilded Boat surprizing their Majesties with his melodious Harmony There were seen the famous Gardens of the Goddess and Queen of Cyprus the noisie Workmen of the God Vulcan wonderful Shipwrecks and terrible Storms of Thunder and Lightning The 2d Day the Councils were admitted to this Entertainment the 3d the Town of Madrid and the 4th the rest of the Court Multitudes flocking from all Parts of the Kingdom to share in this Princely Magnificence The Count de Monterrey considering the Destruction made by the Plague in Malaga Sevil Valencia and Barcelona and that now it began to spread in the Islands of Majorca Minorca and Sardinia to prevent its further Progress thought good to have Recourse to the Devotion of the Blessed S. Rosalia who from her tender Years led the Life of an Anchorit on Mount Peregrino near Palermo This Saint by her Intercession has several times delivered France Italy and the Empire from that Evil and was therefore by Pope Urban the 8th declared the Deliverer of Sicily from the Plague The
Spanish and Swiss Guards with their Lieutenants At a small distance followed the orderly Troop of Noblemen and Gentlemen belonging to the Court and the Captains of the Guards Next them were the Four Mace-bearers with short Roman Crimson Coats and Gilt Maces on their shoulders Then came the Regidores and next them the Kings at Arms with their Embroidered Coats and lastly the Corregidor and Duke of Medina on the right Hand carrying the Standard In this manner they came to the grand Market Place which tho large was then too little to contain the Multitude In the midst of it was raised a Scaffold covered with rich Carpets about 5 or 6 Foot high 30 in length and 20 in breadth with a Staire-case 12 Foot wide and Railed The Duke and Corregidor the Secretaries and the 4 Kings at Armes on both sides of them facing the Windows where the Kings use to see publick Spectacles then the eldest King at Arms who was then D. John de Mendoza with a loud Voice Three times Cried Silence silence silence Hear hear hear Then the Duke also with a loud Voice said Three times Castile Castile Castile for the Catholick King Charles II of the Name whom God preserve The Multitude unanimously shouted Let him Live let him Live let him Live This Ceremony being ended in the Market Place all the Company went to the Palace where the King was Seated in the Chair of the Emperor Charles V. thence he went and did the same in the Town All this being performed the Duke required of the Secretaries and Notaries to give it him under their Hands that he again Restored the Standard to D. Francis de Herrera Enriquez Corregidor of the Town The Corregidor having received it went up to the Council Chamber of the Town and fixed it in the Balcony under a rich Canopy there to remain 8 days and nights the continual lights in the Streets displaying the richness of it On the 2d of July being the Feast of the Visitation D Luis de Aragony Cardona Duke of Segorve and Cardona the eldest Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece was Commanded to go and gird on the King's Sword The Duke came to the Kings Appartment with a great Retinue and there Knighted the King girt on his Sword and kissed his Hand Upon the 8th of the Month the Duke of Cardona as eldest Knight of the Golden Fleece Summoned the other Knights to meet in the Queen's Apartment There met the Duke of Montalto the Princes of Avelino Astillano and Barbançon and the German Ambassador all Knights of the Order the Secretary of the Order being also present in the presence of whom the Duke put the golden Collar with the Fleece hanging to it about the King's Neck the Knights there present doing Homage to him in the Name of the whole Order for the Provinces they represented Astillano Avelino and Montalto for Italy Barbançon for Flanders the Ambassador for Germany and the Duke of Cardona for Spain in Virtue of the Popes Bulls granted the Kings of Spain as Administrators of the Military Orders within their Dominions Anno 1666. This Year began with a Treaty of Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal Some proposals were offered by the Military Commanders of both Kingdoms to the Two Queens then Governing for their Sons who were both under Age. These proposals being altogether managed at a distance by 3 Persons they could not come to any Agreement and both Parties were still in Arms. It pleased God to take to himself the Queen Mother of France Ann Mauricia of Austria upon whose death the King her Son began new Commotions there being none to allay Resentments betwixt the Two Nations No Body could guess what his great Preparations tended to for he like a good Soldier kept his Counsels secret raising great jealousies in all the Neighbouring Princes The Queen Regent of Portugal also departed this Life on the 25th of February On the 25th of April the Princess Margaret of Austria was Contracted to her Uncle Leopoldus Ignatius the Emperor Her departure was fixed for the 28th of the same Month She Travelled to Denia thinking to Embark there but being disappointed went thence to Barcelona Her Imperial Majesty came the 18th of July to Monjuy distant half a League from Barcelona whither she came by Sea D. Luis Gonzaga the Viceroy first then the Bishop Chapter and Magistrates went out to welcome and kiss her Hand which Ceremony lasted from 6 in the Morning till Noon All this while she was upon the Sea in the Admiral Gally encompassed by 27 others and much bigger than any of them being guilt all over even to the Oars the Stem and Stern set round with Christal Glass through which appeared her Majesties Bed At Noon she came to the Mole of the City and all the Cannon was Three times fired round the Gallys answering She stept out of the Gally upon a Bridge made on purpose that ran 200 yards into the Sea was Railed on both sides the Rails covered with Crimson Damask and the Ground with Red and Yellow Bays The Duke of Albuquerque handed her out then followed the Dutchess the Ladies Cardinal Colonna Two Bishops and the Dukes Two Brothers These were covered but the Viceroy and other Nobility had their Hats in their Hands At the Foot of the Bridge were Two rich Chairs which took up the Empress and Dutchess the rest went a-Foot to the Mole where they again came out of their Chairs and went into a Coach the Cannon now Firing the 4th time The Empress spent 3 days in Visiting the City and Churches all which time there were Fireworks and Illuminations at Night other sports being forbidden on account of the King's death Six days before her Majesty Embarked came 7 Galleys of Malta which Saluted 7 times with Vollies of small as well as great Shot Every Salute was answered by the City and the Rejoicing lasted Two Hours The 10th of August her Majesty Embarked being 3 times saluted by the Cannon of the Town her Fleet consisted of 34 Galleys Contrary Winds obliged them to put into Roses and Cadaques at length they arrived at Final where Cardinal Nepos the Pope's Legate the Duke of Savoy the Duke of Modena the Duke of Florence his Brother with other great Men expected her Majesty accompanied by 10000 Men to guard her to Trent There the Duke of Albuquerque delivered her to the Imperial Ministers sent to Receive her and taking his leave returned with all the Spaniards going over to Sicily to take Possession of the Viceroyship of that Island Cid Hamet the Moor after having been several times assisted by King Philip IV. and receiving many Favours at his Hands in Requital for all those Obligations resolved to surprize the Town of Alarache and to that effect provided all things necessary for an Escalade A Christian Captive understanding the Design fled with danger of his Life the 24th of February and the 26th came to the Bank of the River
Sigericus K. of the Goths murdred Walia K. of the Goths agrees with the Romans 418. Alans and Silingi subdued by the Goths Vandals and Suevians submit 410. 421. Gundericus K. of the Vandals aspires to the Sovereignty of all Spain Gensericus succeeds Gundericus 423. Honorius Reign'd above 28 Years Gensericus King of the Vandals passes over into Africk 440. 448. Theodoredus K. of the Goths Attila K. of the Huns in France Ann. Dom. 154. was the great battle fought against Attila K. of the Huns by the Romans Franks Visogoths wherein were 180000 Men slain Torismund succeeds Theodoredus Torismund Murdered 455. General Council at Chalcedon Theodorick K. of the Goths Theodorick K. of the Goths invades Spain 456. 460. 461. Broils ' among the Suevians 467. Euricus King after Theodorick 483. Alaricus Proclaimed King Two great Overthrows given the Goths by the Franks 506. Gesaleycus advanced to the Throne Francs overthrown 20000 killed 510. Gesaleycus his death 516. A Council at Tarragona 517. Three Synods 523. Amalaricus's Reign His death 531. Second Council of Toledo Tryal by Ordeal Theudis made K. by Election 541. Franks again invade Spain A great Plague 548. Theudis's Death Theudiselus Elected K. Is murdered 549. Agila Reigns 554. Is killed having Reign'd 5 Years and 3 Months The 5th General Council Athanagildus ascends the Throne 567. An Interregnum Suevians Converted Cause of the Suevians Conversion First Council of Braga The French call this Brunechilda Brunehault Unfortunate Marriages of the two Daughters of Athanagildus This Theodorick the Franch call Thierri * Doubtless it is Mariana that mistakes for the French Authors are positive in the Crimes of Brunechilda and that she committed them after the Death of Fredegunda Leuvigildus drives the Romans out of Spain 572. Second Council of Braga Leuvigildus chooses his two Sons Companions in the throne Ingundis Wife to Ermenegildus Persecuted for the Catholick Religion Bada Wife to Recaredus Ermenegildus the Kings Son Converted Messages betwixt the Father and Son Begining of the War betwixt Father and Son 580. Mahomet the Founder of Mahometism Born Anno Dom. 580. Sevil Besieged by Leuvigildus 586. Sevil taken Eremenegildus taken Death of Ermenegildus 586. Recaredus makes War in France Franks overthrown in Italy Leuvigildus Persecutes the Catholicks Suevians reduced under the Dominion of the Goths Kingdom of the Sueviens abolished 586. Death of King Leuvigildus The Causes of his Conversion Leuvigildus the first Goth that used the regal Ornament The Reign of Recaredus Conversion of the Goths Troubles on account of the change of Religion Recaredus restores the Church Possessions He Overthrows the Franks 587. Hereticks conspire against the King Conspirators punished Franks defeated by the Goths The third Council of Toledo 589. True Religion flourishes in Spain 590. Gregory the Great Pope Several Letters from him Several Synods Recaredus Marries Clodosinda Sister to Childebert King of Lorrain Romans defeated and Vascones subdued 610. King Recaredus dies Genealogy of the Kings of Spain Original of Dukes and Counts Liuva succeeds his Father Recaredus Is Murdered Witericus the Murderer of Liuva usurps the Crown Is killed and draged about the Streets 610. Gundemarus his Reign 612. His Death Fourth Synod at Toledo Subdues the Asturians Overthrow of Romans Peace with the Romans Jews Banished Synod at Sevil. 621. Sisebutus his Death Recaredus Reigned 3 Months Suinthila chosen King Romans quite expell'd Spain 626. Causes of Suinthila's ruin He is expelled by his own Subjects and the Franks 631. Sisenandus Usurps the Crown having expelled Suinthila and his Son A Synod at Toledo 634. 635 Chintila ascends the Throne by Election 636. The 5th Council of Toledo 〈…〉 5th 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 6th Council there 639. Tulga made King 641. Chindasuinthus Usurps with the assistance of the Army 647. The 7th Council of Toledo St. Gregory's Books sent for to Rome Monasteries Founded 648. Recesuinthus Advanced to the Throne by his Father The 8th Council of Toledo The 9th Council of Toledo 656. The 10th Council of Toledo 660. Increase of the Mahometan Power Recesuinthus his Actions and Death 672. Wamba his accession to the Crown Navarre revolts Rebellion in Gallia Gothica Paul General for the King takes part with the Rebels Paul declar'd King Wamba marches against the Rebels Recovers many Towns Narbonne taken Several otherplaces reduced The Rebels every where worsted Nismes carryed by Assault A miserable slaughter Paul taken Wamba return-into Spain Wamba his publick works Toledo a new Wall raised about it 675. The 11th Council of Toledo Third Council of Braga Laws Establish'd by Wamba A great Fleet of the Saracens destroy'd by the Goths 680. Wamba deposed Ervigius Usurps the Crown Wamba Reign'd 8 Years 1 Month 14 Days Ervigius the Usurper Governs well 681. The 12th Council of Toledo 683. The 13th Council of Toledo 684. The 14th Council of Toledo Many of these were rather Parliaments than Councils 6th General Council at Constantinople 687. Egica Anointed King The 15th Council of Toledo 688. Goths thrice defeated 693. The 16th Council of Toledo 17th and last Council of Toledo Witiza made his Father's Companion in the Throne 701. Egica dies Witiza's Reign His disorderly Life Murders Favila Death of Witiza 711. Original of the division of the Goths Roderick ascends the Throne The famous Count Julian who betrayed Spain to the Moors Roderick Ravishes Count Julian's Daughter Count Julian invites the Moors into Spain 12000. Moors pass over into Spain 713. Second coming of the Moors A Battle that lasted 8 Days 714. Horrid Treason of a Bishop The Christians overthrown Pelayus flies into Biscay The Infidels divide and over-run the Country Toledo taken Progress of the Moors Muza comes into Spain Takes several Towns Merida reduc'd An odd Project if true Abdalasis Son to Muza his Actions 716. Muza and Tarif at Variance The Mahometan computation of time call'd Hegira us'd in Spain Abdalasis the Moor Marries the Widow of K. Rhoderick End of Count Julian and his Family Deplorable State of Spain Irruption of the Moors into France Pelayus of the Blood Royal undertakes to oppose the Infidels Cause of Pelayus's taking Arms. Pelayus declared King 716. 1000 Christians miraculously overcame a great Power of the Infidels A Mountain falls 718. Muza's Death 719. Pelayus his Power increases 722. Leon taken by him Several Towns taken from the Moors Zama Governs Spain Aza or Adham Governs Several Governours 724. 731. The Moors from Spain again invade France Anno Dom. 734. was fought the great Battle between Charles Martel and the Moors that came out of Spain and Africk Pelayus his Death Favila succeeds him Is killed by a Bear Men Famous for Learning and Sancting Recaredus and D. Alonso the first Kings had the Title of Catholick Kings in Spain and then it lay Dormant until Ferdinand of Aragons time and was then revived by gift of Alexander the sixth Pope Aucupa Governs pain 739. Affairs of the Infidels 743. 744. Juseph Governs Spain 750. 753. King Alonso takes many Towns
the two Crowns A great Earthquake Orders of St. Hierome and St. Isidort 1374. French Spaniards besiege Bayonne 1375. Pope Gregory the XIth returns to Rome after the Papal Chair had been 70 Years at Avignon 1376. Frederick the IId of Sicily dies A general Peace in Spain 1377 The French invade Navarre Castile at variance with Navarre 1378 Marriages of K. Henry's Bastards Schism in the Church Troubles in Portugal 1379 Navarre and Castile make Peace Death of K. Henry Mahomet K. of Granada dies John succeeds to the Crown of Castile Castilian Fleet ravages the Coasts of Britany 1380. Great Floods Charles K. of France dies Charles the VIth succeeds Leo K. of Armenia in Spain A Schlsm Pr. Ferdinand born in Castile 1381. Pope Clement own'd in Castile Charles Duke of Durrazzo crown'd K. of Naples English joyn with Portugal against Castile 1382. Rebellion suppress'd Articles betwixt Castile and Portugal Death of the Qu. of Castile 1383. Marriage of the K. of Castile with the Princess of Portugal Ferdinand King of Portugal dies Divisions in Portugal about the Succession of the Crown King John of Castile proclaimed K. at Lisbon Portugueses that favour'd the K. of Castile The Master of 〈◊〉 a Bastard aspires to the C own of Portugal Lisbon besieged The Siege raised 1385. John the Bastard proclaim'd K. of Portugal Castilian Fleet ravages the Coast of Portugal K. John of Castile makes his Will Famous Battel of Aljubarota Castilians defeated All Portugal submits to John the Usurper Another verthrow of the Castilians France and Navarre joyn with Castile The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corunna Death of 3 Kings Of Peter K. of Aragon Charles Inherlts the Crown of Navarre John crown'd K. of Aragon Peace establish'd betwixt the English and Castilians 1388. Kings of Castile and Navarre meet Heir of Castile made Prince of Austurias Truce with Portugal 1390. Acts of the Cortes of Castile Truce with the Moors of Granada Pious Gifts of the K. of Castile K. John of Castile kill'd by fall from his Horse Qualities of King John of Aragon French invade Aragon 1391. Henry the IIId proclaimed K. of Castile K. John of Castile his last Will. Form of Government of Castile during the Kings Minority Strife among the Nobility of Castile They raise Forces They agree The Cortes settle the Government 1392. A Mutiny at Sevil. The War with Portugal breaks out again Troubles among the Moors K. John of Portugal his Issue Discord continues in Castile 1393. Truce with Portugal for 15 Years Arch bishop of Toledo arrested by the King Nobility of Castile reconcil'd Sicily reduc'd under the Dominion of Aragon K. Henry takes upon him the Government Biscainers invade the Canary Islands Cortes meet at Madrid 1394. The Plague at Madrid Discontents among the Nobility of Castile The Master of Alcantara cut off by the Moors Rebellion in Old Castile Mutinous Lords submit Fresh Troubled in Castile quleted Pope Clement dies the Schism continues Benedict the XIIIth chosen Pope 1395. Strange Death of K. John of Aragâ—â— Martin K. of Aragon â— Elleâ—â—â— of Navarre returns to her Husband Earl of Gijon declar'd Traytor The Archbishop of Santiago flies to Portugal The Earl of Faux invades Aragon 1396. Turks pass over into Europe Joseph K. of Granada his strange Death Mahâ—met Usurps Badajoz taken by the Portugueses 1397. Franciscan Fryars preach to the Moors of Granada 1398. Truce with Portugal renew'd Paul de Cartagenâ— famous for Learning Plague in Spain and France and great Floods French expell'd Aragon 1399. Works of Peter Tenâ—rio Archbishop of Toledo 1400. Plague in Spain Violante Daughter to the K. of Aragon marryed to Luis Duke of Anjoâ— 1401. Mary Q. of Sicily dies 1402. Tamerlan the Tatrar his exploits Embassies betwixt Tamerlan and the K. of Castile 1403. Great Floods The King of Navarre uses means to recover his Possessions in France 1404. Boniface the Pope dies and Innocent the VIIth is chosen at Rome Jews and Moors distinguish'd in Castile 1406. The Battle of Collejarts Cortes held in Castile Innocent the Pope dies at Roâ—◠〈◊〉 Gregory the XIIth is chosen Henry K. of Castile dies A notable Action of K. Henry 1407. K. Henry's Will Wonderful modesty of Prince Ferdinand who refuses the Crown being offer'd to him John the IId an Infant proclaim'd K. of Castile Aragon left without Heirs Government of Prince Ferdinand of Castile Government divided betwixt the Queen and Prince Victory of the Christians by Sea Luis Duke of Orleans murder'd 1408. Cortes of Castile grant suplies for War with the Moors D. Alvaro de Luna who he was Pope Benedict forsaken 1046. Alexander the Vth chosen Pope Animosities against Prince Ferdinand of Castile Martin K. of Sicily dies Martin K. of Aragon marries Pretenders to the Crown of Aragon Dispute concerning the Crown of Aragon Prince Ferdinand marches against the Infidels 1410. Moors overthrown Pope Alexander dies John the XXIIId is chosen Martin K. of Aragon dies Race of the Earls of Barcelona extinct Several Towns taken by the Christians A Love Adventure AnteqÌ„ueraÌ„ taken by Storm The Castle surrendred Turbulent State of Christendom Aragon divided about the Succession 1411. K. John of Portugal his Government Confusions in Aragon Judges appointed to decide the Right to the Crown of Aragon Earl of Vrgel's Pretensions Ferdinand declared King of Aragon by the Judges He is proclaim'd at â—aragoca Settles the Affairs of Aragon Archimbaud Earl of Faux his Death and Issue The new King's Actions K. Ferdinand and Pope Benedict meer 1413. He besieges the Earl of Vrgel in Balaguer The Earl surrenders himself Application for uniting the Church Ferdinand crown'd at Zaragoca King Ferdinand confers with Pope Benedict Council of Constance Jews converted 1415. Pope John forced to quit the Papacy Marriage of the Prince of Aragon with the Princess of Castile Ceuta taken by the Portugueses Interview of Princes at Perpignan Pope Benedict disown'd in Aragon 1416. Ferdinand of Aragon dies New Troubles in Castile 1417. John Hus and Hierome of Prague burnt Martin the Vth. chosen Pope The Canaries conquered Henry the Vth of England invades France Catherine Queen of Castile dies John King of Castile govern'd by the Archbishop of Toledo Marriages of Princes 1419. Nobility of Castile raise Tumults King John's Character D. Alvaro de Luna the great Favourite 1420. K. John of Castile under restraint Prodigles Discoveries by Henry Infante of Portugal Alonso K. of Aragon adopted Heir of Naples K. John of Castile makes his escape 1421. Prince Henry in open Rebellion Competitors for the Kingdom of Naples 1422. Prince Henry imprison'd Alvaro de Luna made an Earl Government of Toledo altered Also at Pamplona Gaston Heir of Navarre born 1423. Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal Troubles of Naples K. Alonso of Aragon besieges the Queen of Naples in her Palace Luis Duke of Anjou adopted Heir of Naples Joseph K. of Granada dies Benedict the pretended Pope dies Alonso K. of Aragon supports an Antipope Marseilles taken
by the Atagonians 1424. Affairs of Aragon unsuccesful at Naples 1425. Prince Henry of Castile born Victory obtain'd by the Queen of Naples Accord betwixt Castile and Aragon Charles K. of Navarre dies K. John proclaim'd Factions in Castile 1426. Conspiracy against D. Alvaro de Luna Conspiracy of the Nobles 1427. D. Alvaro de Luna banish'd the Court. The K. of Granada expelled by his Subjects Strange Fondness betwixt the King and D. Alvaro de Luna 1428. The Family of Davalos Fidelity of a Servant D. Alvaro de Luna returns to Court Peter Infante of Portugal a great Traer The banish'd K. of Granada restored Preparations for a War in Aragon A Synod at Taragena and end of the Schism in the Church War betwixt Castile Aragon and Navarre Peace concluded 1429. King John of Navarre crowned A new Breach of the Peace King John of Castile breaks into Aragon Aragonians invade Castile Truxillo recovered by a strange Contrivance Estates of the Princes of Aragon in Castile confiscated Truce for 5 Years War with the Moors Mighty Floods 1431. 1431. Pope Martin the V. dies Eugenius the IV. succeeds him A great Earthquake King John of Castile invades Granada Drives the Moors into that City Gives them a great overthrow Battle De la Higuera or the Fig tree Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal 1432. Mahomet K. of Granada again expell'd and restor'd The Aragonians decline at Naples Alonso K. of Aragon again invited to Naples He overthrows the Moors in Africk Differences betwixt Castile and Aragon composed Apparitions in the Air and other Prodigles 1433. K. John of Portugal dies His Son Edward succeeds him Council of Basil 1434. End of the Earl of Luna Pope Eugenius expelled Rome by the People Nobility of Naples favour the Aragonians Joanna Q. of Naples dies 1435. Great Floods in Castile Slaughter of the Christians A small Body of Christians defeats a great one of Moors Progress of the Aragonians at Naples A Sea fight the Aragonians defeated by the Genoeses Kings of Aragon Navarre Prisoners Generosity of the Duke of Milan Kings of Aragon Navarre set at Liberty 1436. Genoeses rebel and joyn with Pope Euganius the Duke of Anjou Confederacy against the Aragonians Castile Aragon make Peace Earl of Vrgel dies A violent Winter 1437. Fatal overthrow of the Portugueses in Africk Ferdinand Infante of Portugal left a Hostage with the Moors Troubles of Castile and in the Church 1438. Duke of Anjou in Naples Naples besieg'd by the Aragonians Plague in Portugal K. Edward dyes Conspiracy to destroy D. Alvaro de Luna 1439. Princes of Aragon joyn with the Rebels of Castile Agreement betwixt the King of Castile and the Rebels Pope Eugenius deposed Felix V. chosen New Commotions in Castile 1440. Progress of the Rebellion in Castile 1441. Charles the II. K. of Navarre K. John of Castile made a Prisoner by the Rebels Progress of the War in Naples Naples taken by the Aragonians 1442. Rebellion in Biscay Famous Men about this time in Spain Success of the Aragonians at Naples 1443. A Plot to rescue the K. John 1444. K. John of Castile makes his escape Queens of Castile Portugal dye 1445. Battle of Olmedo Affairs of Naples Mahomet K. of Granada imprison'd Prince of Castile Rebels D. Alvaro de Luna chosen Master of the Order of Santiago 1446. Towns taken by the Moors 1447. The Florentine War Castile Aragon still at variance 1448. Conspirators apprehended Others fly Earl of Benavente escapes and raises new Troubles Affairs of Portugal 1449. Mutiny in Toledo 1449. Nobility of Castile supported in Rebellion by the K. of Navarre The Moors ravage Andaluzia Prince Henry of Castile reconciled to his Father 1450. Mutiny at Segovia Embassies to the K. of Aragon for aid against the Turks 1451. Decay of the K. of Navarre's Power Two Factions in Navarre 1452. Two defeats of the Moors D. Alvaro de Luna his Character and fatal End 1453. Constantinople taken by the Turks K. of Granada deposed Cruzados first coined in Portugal Designs of K. John of Castile Cape of Good Hope discovered K. John of Castile dies 1454. Henry the IV. proclaimed K. of Castile 1455. K. Henry how disposed War in Italy Pope Nicholas dies Calixtus chosen Henry of Castile ravages the Territories of the Moors marries Joanna Sister to the K. of Portugal A Conspiracy against K. Henry 1456. Broils in Navarre Biscay 1451. The Prince of Viana flies to Naples Interview of the Kings of Castile Navarre Country of the Moors wasted 1458. Alonso the 5th King of Aragon dies at Naples New War in Naples Henry of Castile raises mean Persons in Opposition to the Nobility Alcacar in Africk taken by the Portugueses 1459. Grounds of new Troubles in Castile Prodigies General Council at Mantua War at Naples betwixt the Aragonians and House of Anjou Scanderbeg comes to the Assistance of Ferdinand King of Naples 1460. The Moors of Granada break the Peace Rebellion of Catalonia 1461. Civil War in Navarre Charles Prince of Viana dies A Friat stirs up the People of Navarre to Rebellion 1462. K. Henry of Castile proclaimed Earl of Barcelona by the Rebels 1463. Conference of the Kings of France and Castile Mutiny about Taxes 1464. Rebels of Castile join with the King of Aragon D. Beltran de la Cueva the Favourite created Duke Proceedings of the Rebels in Catalonia Overthrow of the Rebels 1465. Troubles increase in Castile A most Villanous Action of the Castilian Rebels Rebels Disband 1466. Confusions in Castile Peter the pretended Earl of Barcelona dies Rebels in Catalonia choose the Duke of Anjou for their King 1467. Olmedo doubtful Fight of the King with the Rebels 1468. The Popes Legate Affronted by the Rebels The Rebels Excommunicated John Duke of Lorrain in Catalonia for his Father Some Rebles submit but fresh troubles ensue in Castile A Prodigy 1469. Rebels reduced Rebellious Moors defeated A Bishop murdered Ferdinand King of Sicily marries Elizabesh Sister to the King of Castile 1470. Difference betwixt the Knights of Alcantara and their Master Confusion in Biscay Joanna Princess of Castile Contracted to the Duke of Guienne Troubles in Aragon Sardinia and Navarre 1471. Method of reducing the Rebellious Prelates Mutiny at Toledo and Sevil. Pope Paul II. dies Sixtus IV. chosen Tangier and Arzila taken by the King of Portugal Catalonia reduced 1472. Kings of Portugal and Castile meet The Master of Santiago strengthens himself against his Enemies Barcelona surrendred to the King of Aragon 1473. Reception of a Legate in Castile Evil Practices of the Legate Prince of Segorve comes into Castile Signal Loyalty of Peter de Peralta All Spain in Peace except Castile Elizabeth Sister to the King of Castile her Traiterous Practises A Synod of Bishops at Aranda Counterfeit Reconciliation of the Princess Elizabeth to the King her Brother 1474. King Henry of Castile supposed to be Poisoned Elizabeth the King's Sister openly aspires to the Crown The Master of Santiage dies
French and Aragonians at variance Henry K. of Castile dies Castile divided betwixt the Rightful Princess Joanna and Elizabeth the Usurper 1475. Ferdinand received in Castile Marquess de Villena his double Dealing Nobles of Castile join with Portugal in favour of the Rightful Heiress Ferdinand labours to gain the Nobility of Castile Alonso K. of Portugal proclaimed King of Castile being Contracted to the Rightful Heiress French and Portuguese Forces against Castile 1476 John Pr. of Portugal comes to his Fathers assistance into Castile Fight betwixt the Portugues and Castilian Armies Defeat of the Portugueses Great Disorders throughout Casile Factions in Navarre Alonso King of Portugal goes over into Africk and thence into France Endeavours to pacifie Navarre Toro surprized by the Castilians King Ferdinand chose Master of Santiago in trust Moores of Granada invade Murcia Noblemen secure to themselves all the strong holds Disorders in Sicily and Sardinia The King of Portugal resolves to go in Pilgrimage to Hierusalem and resigns his Crown to his Son John Prince of Portugal restores the Crown to his Father 1478 Sardinia reduced Birth of Prince John of Castile Inquisition first settled in Spain Actions on the Frontiers of Castile and Portugal Peace betwixt Castile and France 1479. John King of Aragon dyes Factions continue in Navarre Heretical oppinions condemned in Spain Counâ—ess of Medellin a turbulent-Woman Overthrow of the Portugueses King Ferdinand goes into Aragon Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Portugal 1480. Grants made by King Henry declared void by the Cortes The Turks take Otranto in Italy 1481. Ferdinand's Son sworn Heir of Castile Aragon and Catalonia Alonso King of Portugal dies John II. of Portugal Three great Men die 1482. Francis Crowned King of Navarre 1483. The young K. of Navarre dies Traitors punished in Portugal 1483. Ratifications of the Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal Luis XI King of France dies The famous War with the Moors of Granada 1481. Zahara surprized by the Moors 1482. Alhama taken by the Christians Alhama in vain besieged by the Moors Preparations for War with the Moors Loxa besieged by the Christians without success The War with the Infidels put off for some time Troubles Galicia 1483. Slaughter of the Christians Two Moorish Kings at Granada destroy one another Defeat of the Moores Moorish King taken Moorish King set at Liberty Rebellion in Navarre 1484. Pope Sixtus dies Innocent the 8th succeeds Alcara taken from the Moores Boabdil the Moorish King flies to Cordova Ronda taken Christians defeated Rebellion in Naples Tumults in Aragon and Catalonia 1482. Azamor in Africk submits to the Portugueses Divisions among the Infidels Loxa and other Places taken 1487. King Ferdinand takes Malaga and other Places Discoveries of the Portugueses Troubles in Aragon stop the progress of the War of Granada 1488. Several Places taken from the Moores The Moores recover the lost Towns Masterships of Military orders annexed to the Crown 1489. Three Cities and othe small Towns taken from the Moores 1490. The Moorish King submits Elizabeth Princess of Castile married to Alonso Prince of Portugal Death of Prince Alonso and King John his Father The Moorish King besieged by his own People The Plain of Granada wasted War with the Moors renewed 1491. Description of the City Granada K. Ferdinand builds a Town to lie in during the Siege of Granada A Phanatick Moor. Granada surrendered to K. Ferdinand Character of K. Ferdinand and Q. Elizabeth 1492. Affairs of Britany in France Jews banished Spain Pope Innocent VIII dies Alexander VI. succeeds Navarre pacified Discoveries and Conquests in the West-Indies Controversies betwixt Castile and Portugal about their Discoveries Roussillion and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand Palma one of the Canary Islands conquered Mastership of the 3 Military Orders inseparably annexed to the Crown Original of the Neapolitan War 1494 Ferdinand King of Naples dies French Invade Naples Luis Sforcia Duke of Milan French King at Rome 1495. Alonso King of Naples abdicates League against the French French King returns home Venetians overthrown by the French Ferdinand King of Naples successful against the French John II. King of Portugal dies Agreement between the Duke of Milan and French King 1496. Progress of the Affairs in Italy Ferdinand of Spain called Catholick King by the Pope Emanuel King of Portugal settles the Government England enters into the league against France Ferdinand King of Naples dies The Emperor Besieges Leghorn in vain The Pope Invades the Lands of the Urfini Duke of Gandia Murdered Proposals concerning the Kingdom of Naples Progress of the Portuguses discoveries 〈…〉 Mozambique discovered Description of India Vasco de Gama at Calicut Vasco returns to Portugal Account of the Navigation of Vasco de Gama 2 Daughters of K. Ferdinand matched 1497. John Prince of Castile dies Prince of Salerno expelled Naples Accord betwixt France and Spain 1498. Charles VII King of France dies Luis XII succeeds him Hierome Savanarola a famous Preacher in Florence burnt King of Portugal sworn Heir of Castile Queen of Portugal being delivered of a Son dies 1499. Perplexity of King Ferdinand 1499. The Duke of Milan expelled his Dukedom University of Alcalá Founded Moors in the Mountains Rebell Ferdinand assists the Venetians Birth of the Emperor Charles the 5th The Fr. posses themselves of the Duke and Dukedom of Millan 1500. Great Year of Jubilee Peace betwixt Fr. and Spain Cefalonia taken from the Turks Double-dealing of K. Ferdinand Disagreement betwixt the French and Spaniards Descripti-of the Kingdom of Naples Frederick King of Naples puts himself into the hands of the French French perish by Pestilence and Stress of Weather The Arch duke comes into Spain The Great Captain's Actions at Naples Disagreement about the Division of Naples Conference of the French and Spanish Generals Archduke and Princess sworn Heirs of Aragon Archduke returns to Flanders War betwixt the French and Spaniards at Naples A notable combat of Eleven on each side Several losses of the French Marquess del Gasto comes over to the Spaniards 1503. Great booty taken by the Spaniards Combat betwixt 13 French and as many Italiuns Several losses of the French Marquess del Gasto comes over to the Spaniards Archduke concludes Peace betwixt Spain and France The peace takes no effect Succours from Spain land in Naples Lord of Aubigni defeated and taken The Battel of Cirinola Almost all Naples subdued by the Great Captain Reception of the Great Captain at Naples St. German taken Gaeta besieged Practices of the Spaniards The French in Roussillon Pius III. Elected Pope Progress of the Siege of Saulses Ninetten Sail of Infidels destroyed Siege of Saulses raised Julius II. Pope French Army marches through Italy Mutiny in the Spanish Army Defeat of the French Notable Valour of a Spaniord Defeat of the French again Gaeta surrendred to the Great Captain Prefect of Rome submits to Spain Nobility of Naples swear Fidelity to Spain Several Cities of Italy Sue for Protection of Spain Truce for 3 Years betwixt France and
Spain Great Famine and Earth-quakes Perfidiousness of Duke Valentin The great Captain contrary to his faith given sends Duke Valentln into Spain The great Captain ill represented to the King The Emperor Archduke and King of France join in League League against the Venetians Calamities of Princes Frederick King of Naples dies Elizabeth Queen of Spain dies Differences about the Government of Castile 1505. King Ferdinand becomes odious to the People The Emperor and King Philip of Castile ratifie the Peace with France K. Ferdinand agrees with the French King Mazaliquivir in Africk taken Nobles in Castile for and against K. Philip. Accord twixt the 2 Kings Ferdinand and Philip 1506. King Philip in England Little Faith in King Fernand A bloody mutiny at Lisbon King Ferdinand Marries Queen Joanna King Philip lands in Spain King Philip declares against the Treaty with King Ferdinand Christopher Columbus dies Flemmings and Spaniards disagree Forces raised by Ferdinand Many forsake Ferdinand Ferdinand forced to quit Castile Interview of the Two Kings A League Defensive and Offensive betwixt the Two Kings of Spain Jealousie the cause of King Philip's Queen's Distemper New Troubles in Castile King Ferdinand and his Queen at Zaragoça Jealousies raised against the Great Captain King Philip dies Confusions upon the death of King Philip. Government settled for the present King Ferdinand in Italy He comes to Naples Uncertain Government of Castile Q. Joanna wholly unfit to Govern Embassies to K. Ferdinand at Naples Practices of the Emperor 1507. Q. Joanna delivered of a Daughter Mutiny at Toledo Duke Valentine slain K. John of Navarre subdues his Rebellious Subjects Treaty betwixt the Emperor and King Ferdinand Affairs of Naples setled Fâ—ench King in Italy Interview of the two Kings King Ferdinand returns to Castile The Emperor disgusted with Ferdinand The Emperor proceeds against Milan Malecontent in Andaluzia Punishment of the Mutiniers Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards Portugueses sustain loss at Azamor but relieve Arzila Conspiracies in Castile discovered League of Cambray Soldans Fleet worsted in India Death of Henry the VII of England Henry the VIII succeeds him Oran in Africk taken Venetians set upon on all sides Venetian Army routed Padua recovered by the Venetians Navarrois and Arragonians make War Accord betwixt the Emperor and K. Ferdinand Ferdinand desires Peace with Venice 1510. Bugia and other places taken by the Spaniards Goa in India taken by the Portugueses Vincenza taken by the Imperialists The Pope seizes the Lands of the Duke of Ferrara Cortes or Parliament held at Monçon Investiture of Naples granted to K. Ferdinand D. Garcia de Toledo sent with Forces into Africk Rout of the Spaniards in Africk King Ferdinand assists the Pope Cardinals fall of from the Pope Jealousies of Princes 1511. The Pope pressed to call a general Council Agreement betwixt K. Ferdinand and the K. of England The Emperor cannot be separated from France Success of the Portugueses in India The Pope in vain labours for an accommodation with France League for defence of the Church The War in Italy King of England prepares to invade France Bergamo and Bressa return to the Obedience of the Venetians Venetians overthrown by the French King and Queen of Navarre excommunicated The French advance towards the Confederates Preparations for the Lateran Council Swissers descend into Italy Grounds of the War in Navarre The Duke of Alva enters Navarre Navarre 〈…〉 Ferdinand French decline in Italy Florence Siena and Luca join with the Confederates Great Captain forbid to pass into Italy 〈◊〉 invaded by the French 〈…〉 Bressa taken by the Viceroy Duke Maximilian Sforcia recovers Milain 1513. Pope Julius dies Leo X. chosen Peace betwixt France and Venice A Truce betwixt France and Spain Actions in Navarre Revolutions at Gema Rendezvouz of French at Aste Swisse rout the French K. Henry of England takes Theourenne and Tournay Azaomr taken by the Portugueses Venice Canonaded Queen of France dies Truce betwixt Spain and France prolonged Preparations of the Turk against Italy An Ambassador from Ethiopia arrives in Portugal Luis King of France dies 1515. Alonso de Albequerque his Actions in India 4000 Portugueses slain in Africk Milan recovered by the French Overthow of the Swiss Great Captain ordered to be apprehended Barbarossa besieges Bugia in vain Great Captain dies 1516. K. Ferdinand dies French K in Italy Swiss routed Spaniards expelled Millan K. Ferdinand dies Navarre pacified Henry King of Navarre Mary Qu. of Portugal dies Cardinal Adrian K. Charles in Spain Downfal of the Sultans of Egypt Heresy of Martin Luther K. Charles his Sister married to Emanuel K. of Portugal Maximilian dies Charles the Fifth chosen Emperor Charles the Fifth Crowned Rebellion in Spain Navarre over-run by the French French in Biscay Emanuel K. of Portugal dies Pope Leo dies Adrian chosen Pope Return of the Emperor into Spain K. Christiern expell'd Denmark Death of Pope Adrian Leo the X. chosen Pope Overthrow of the French John King of Portugal marries the Emperors Sister Francis K. of France taken by the Imperialists Accord betwixt Spain and France K. Francis released The Emperormarries the Sister of the K. of Portugal Practices against the Emperor Turks over run Hungary Rome sacked Medicis expelled Florence Prince Philip sworn Heir of Castile Naples besieged Doria quits the French tervice Composition betwixt Fra. and Spain Agreement with Portugal Vienna besieged Coronation of the Emperor Diet at Ausburg Medicis restor'd to Florence Ferdinand chosen K. of the Romans Inundations in Flanders Change of Religion in England CivilWars in Swisserland The Emperor arms a-against the Turks Pope and Emperor meet at Bolonia Pope and King of France meet at Marseilles Pope Clement dies Paul III. succeeds Tuncz taken by the Emperor French invade Savoy Emperor in France Three things remarkable Diet at Worms Diu besieged by the Turks League against the Turks Truce for 10 Years French K. and Emp. meet The Empress dies Rebellion of Ghent Ebora made an Archbishoprick Jesuits confirmed By the Pope Disputes about Religion in Germany Council of Trent Swarms of Locusts Prince Philip Governour of Spain French and Turks take Nice A great Eclipse Barbarussa ravages the Coasts of Italy Emperor and King of England in League against France Marriage of Prince Philip. Proceedings against Hereticks Council of Trent opened Martin Luther's death Disputes betwixt Catholicks and Hereticks Death of two Kings and a Qu. Overthrow of the Saxons Council of Trent breaks up Concessions for reducing Hereticks Maximilian Governour of Spain Rise of the Xerifes in Africk Pope Paul dies Julius III. Elected Council of Trent again summoned War in Flanders Hereticks at the Council of Trent S. Francis Xaverius Turkish Fleet at Naples Siena expells the Imperialists Edward K. of England dies Birth of Prince Sebastian of Portugal Mary Qu. of England Marries Philip Pr. of Spain Julius dies Marcellus succeeds he dies and Paul IV. is chosen Pope Siena surrendred to the Emperor Abdication of the Emperor Truce betwixt France and
Spain Siena given to the Duke of Florence War renewed betwixt France and Spain John III. King of Portugal dies Battel of S. Quintin Great Floods Plague Calis taken Dauphin of France Marries the Queen of Scots Battel of Graveling Mary Qu. of England dies Elizabeth Queen of England Peace betwixt Fra. and Spain K. Philip Marries his third Wife Philip returns into Spain Pius IV. chosen Pope Spaniards worsted by the Turks Rebellion in France Disputes about Religion in France Council of Trent again opened 22 Gallies cast away Duke of Guise murder'd by the Hugonots Spaniards at the Council of Trent Calvin and Beza Penol in Africk taken Malta besieged by the Turks Synods in Spain Pius V. chosen Pope Solyman dies before Sigeth Rebellion of the Low Countries Queen of Scots Imprison'd Duke of Alva Governor of the Low-Countries Rebels in France besiege Paris Prince of Orange heads the Rebels in Holland Morisco's Rebel in Spain Hugonots twice over thrown Qu. Elizabeth Excommunicated Jesuits murder'd Cosmo created D. of Tuscany Earthquake Christian League against the Turk Battel of Lepanto Pope Pius dies French K's Sister married to the Prince of Navarre Several Places in the Low-Countries revolt League against the Turk dissolved Venetians make Peace with the Turk D. John of Austria at Tunez A Comet A new Governor in the Low-Countries King of France dies D. John made Vicar of Italy Archb. of Toledo condemned The Low-Countries conspire against Spain Antwerp plunder'd D. John in the Low Countries Catherine Q. of Portugal dies A Comet Birth of P. Philip. Sebastian K. of Portugal slain with all his Army in Africk General Defection of the Low Countries D. of Alenson in the Low Countries Cardinal Henry K. of Portugal Mount Etna Henry K. of Portugal dies Duke of Alva reduces Portugal Queen of Spain dies Alenson Heads the Rebels in the Low Countries Prince of Orange wounded Synod at Toledo Gregorian Account The Empress in Spain Antony the Bastard of Portugal vanquished Pr. James of Spain dies Alençon returns into France Prince of Orange killed Pr. Philip sworn Heir of Spain Duke of Savoy in Spain Pope Gregory dies Sixtus V. chosen Prince of Parma successful against the Rebels in the Low-Countries Conspiracy against the French King Q. of Scots murder'd Sr F. Drake attempts Cadiz 30000 Germans in France Spanish Armada against England destroyed Duke of Guise put to Death Henry III. King of France murder'd by Clement Antony the Bastard with the English Fleet at Portugal Escuriall finish'd Death of two Popes Mortality Antony Perez his Sufferings Mutiniers punish'd Tumults in Aragon appeas'd K. Philip aspires to the Crown of France Quiroga Archbishop of Toledo Archduke Albertus governs the Netherlands Valladolid made a Bishoprick Sir Francis Drake plunders the Coasts of America Cadiz plundred by Drake Amiens taken by the Spaniards Netherlands given to the Princess Elizabeth K. Philip the 2d dies Marriage of K. Philip the 3d. Great Jubilee The Court at Valladolid Birth of the Princess Ann. Final betrayed Embassy into England Peace betwixt Spain and England concluded Pope Clement dies Leo the 11. succeeds Birth of P. Philip. Princess Mary born A great Tax P. Philip sworn heir of Spain Truce with the Dutch Rebels St. Ignatius beatified Henry IV. King of France murder'd Alarache in Africk taken Morisco's banish'd Queen of Spain dies Marriages of Princes An Earthquake Mamora taken War of Savoy and Mantua Pr. Philip Marries the French K's Sister New Passage into the South-Sea Victory over the Hollanders Duke of Lerma leaves the Government K. Philip in Portugal Pr. Ferdinand Archbishop of Toledo Philip III. dies Pope Paul dies Gregory 15th succeeds Philip the 3d dies Philip 4th succeeds Two Sea Fights Rod. Chalderon beheaded Martyrdoms in Japan P. Gregory dies Vrban the 8th chosen Charles P. of Wales in Spain Ormuz taken by the Persians Discovery of Cathay and Tibet Conversion of Ethiopia Dutch in Brasil Dutch and Turks defeated Jubilee at Rome Breda taken Brasil recovered Cortes of Aragon Floods Persecution in Japan Cazal besieged Birth of P. Balthasar Theatines in Spain War in Italy Gustavus Adolphus French in Lorain Pernambuco taken by the Dutch Conversion of Chaldeans A Fire at Madrid Gustavus Adolphus kill'd Death of the Princess Governess of Flanders Duke of Feria in Alsace Wallestein Executed Monstrous Birth War betwixt Fra. and Spain Spaniards take Towns in Picardy Places in Guienne taken Storm of Wind and Rain Defeat of the French in Sardinia Ships taken Landresi taken by the French Marquis de Leganez in Savoy Dukes of Savoy and Mantua die Commotions in Portugal Dutch routed French twice over thrown An Earthquake Roussillon invaded by the French Catalonia rebels Portugal follows the Example The French join with the Rebels Perpignan taken by the French Great Floods Lerida recovered Elizabeth Q. of Spain dies Cortes of Aragon Valencia A hard Winter Cortes of Castile Olivença taken from the Portugueses Spaniards overthrown in Catalonia Castle of Termes taken Overthrow of the French French in Italy Places in the Low-Countries taken by the French Pr. Balthasar dies D. John of Austria at Sea Prince of Conde in Catalonia Montferrat invaded by the Spaniards Truce with Holland Rebellion of Naples Troubles of France Actions in Portugal Courtray taken Ipres delivered to the French Cambray relieved Charles K. of England murder'd Cromwel's Embassador in Spain killed Portolongone taken English Fleet before Lisbon Catalonians return to their Duty Tortosa taken Leopold the Archduke in Champagne Year of Jubilee Castle of Alcaraz surprzed Spanish Ambassador received by the Rebels in England French decline in Catalonia Queen of Spain delivered of a Daughter D. John of Austria at the Siege of Barcelona Feast of S. Rosalia Barcelona recovered Portugueses worsted Cazal taken Taking of Gravelin Dunkirk also gained Turenne overthrown by Conde Succours sent the French Rebels by the Spaniards French invade Catalonia with the Rebels Small Encounters in Portugal Repulfe of the French Pantheon finished French pass the Pyreneans Bulls for Portugues Bishops refused by the Pope Prince of Conti takes Ville Franche Duke of Lorrain apprehended Portugues Ambassador's Brother in England beheaded Pope Innocent X. dies Duke of Guise set at liberty Turks before Candia Perfidious Act of the Portugueses Peece with Oliver Cromwell English invade Hispaniola Ships taken Galleons destroyed Berga in Catalonia recovered D. John of Austria takes Solfona Pope Alexander VII chosen D John of Austria sent for Flaudert Defeat of the French at Valenciennes D. John takes S. Gillain French and English join Montmidy surrendred to the French Plague at Naples French obliged to quit the Siege of Alexandria Exploits of Mallorquins Spanish West India Fleet burnt by Blake Dunkirk taken by the French and English Great Floods Embassie from a Black King Marquess of Mortara attacks the French and is repulsed Duke of Ossuna makes an Irruption into Portugal Badajoz besieged by the Portugueses Badajoz relieved Posture of Affairs in Flanders Cessation of Arms betwixt France and Spain Conferences for Peace Peace Concluded A Bell Rings of it self K. Philip goes with the Princess his Daughter to the Frontiers Ceremony of Contracting the Princess The marriage of the Princess D. John of Austria commands against Portugal He takes Aronches and other Places Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Portugal Duke of Ossima his Actions in Portugal Prince Philip dies A terrible Storm Riches of the Spanish Fleet. Marquess de Leganez destroys many Moors about Oran War betwixt the Venetians and Tarks Turks enter Transilvania A Prodigy D. John of Austria enters Portugal He takes Borba and Juramenha D. John takes Evora and i◠afterwards routed Duke of Ossuna again in Portugal The K.'s Daughter Margaret married to the Emperor War betwixt the Emperor and the Turk Slaughter of the English Garison at Tangier Marques de Caracena General against Portugal K. Phil IV. dies K. Charles II of Spain proclaimed Overtures of Peace betwixt Spain and Portugal Queen Regent of Portugal dies Alarache in vain attempted by the Moors A murder committed by a Woman Turkish Fleet beaten The French begin the War in Flanders French Kingtakes Towns in Flanders Pope Alexander the 7th dies Clement the 9th chosen Rogusa destroyed by an Earthquake Peace concluded with Portugal Alonso K. of Portugal imprisoned by his Brother K. Alonso of Portugal sent to the Island Tercera D John of Austria Ld. Lieutenant and Capt. General of Aragon F. Nitard sent from Court Collation rf great Officers
laid aside the Government of the Kingdom was committed to the Duke of Benavente the Marques de Villena the Earl of Trastamara the Archbishops of Toledo and Santiago and the Masters of Santiago and Calatrava Of the 16 Representatives of Cities eight were appointed by turns for three Months at a time to joyn with the others The Majority of Votes among them to be of Force in any Affair The Arch-bishop lik'd not this Method thinking his Share in the Government too little tho he pleaded the greatness of the Number would cause Confusion yet he was forc'd to yield to the Importunities and Threats of the Nobility A certain sort of base Mony call'd Agnus Dei's was here regulated how it should pass The Archbishop of Toledo kept the Earl of Gijon Prisoner but fearing some Change of times labour'd to be discharg'd of him He was therefore remov'd to Monterrey and committed to the care of the Master of Santiago till his Case was adjudg'd At Sevil and Cordova the Rabble in a riotous manner fell upon the Jews plunder'd their Houses and offer'd them many Injuries the Magistrates not being able to prevent it Ferdinand Martinez Arch-deacon of Ecija with seditious Speeches made in the Streets stirr'd up the People This Example was follow'd in sundry parts of Spain On the 5th of August the following Year the like was done at Toledo LogronÌ„o Valencia and Barcelona Many Jews to save themselves pretended to turn Christians but this happen'd later CHAP. IX The Contentions betwixt the Nobility of Castile about the Government They agree on a Settlement then alter it The Affairs of the Moors at Granada Warrenew'd with Portugal King Charles the VIth of France rus distracted IT was the Custom of the States of the Kingdom to meet in a certain Church of Madrid The Duke of Benavente and Earl of Trastamara came arm'd into that Assembly leaving Guards about the Church as if it were besieg'd The Arch-bishop of Toledo was so affronted at this Action that he left the Court and went away to Talavera from which place by his Letters he stirr'd up the People to rise in Arms and deliver the Kingdom from those who under the Title of Governours were become Tyrants These same Complaints he sent to Pope Clement and to the Kings of France and Aragon Soon after the Duke of Benavente being disgusted withdrew to his Town of Benavente without taking his leave of the King He presently joyn'd with the Arch-bishop of Toledo and the Marques de Villena tho then absent being out of Castile sided with them Those that remain'd of the Governours sent abroad their Letters requiring all such as were Members to be present at the Cortes They excus'd themselves upon several accounts Pope Clement sent F. Dominick of the Order of Preachers and Bishop of Ponce his Nuncio with two Letters the one directed to the King the other to the Governours Both of them tended to express his Sorrow for the Death of King John and exhorted them to Unity in then Proceedings The Nuncio labour'd to reconcile the Nobles but all in Vain Embassadors came from France and Aragon to the same Effect all they could do was to renew the former Alliances From Navarre also came Embassadors to condole upon the King's Death with Orders to endeavour Queen Ellener should return to her Husband promising her all manner of kind Entertainment The Queen excus'd herself and the young King could not have more Power over his Aunt than her Brother had Mean while the Arch-bishop of Toledo gather'd Forces upon pretence of freeing the Kingdom from slavery but it was generally look'd upon as only the effect of his Ambition Endeavours for an Accommodation betwixt the Nobles were us'd but to as little Purpose as before The Citizens that had a share in the Government not thinking themselves safe at Madrid remov'd with the King to Segovin The Earl of Trastamara one of the Governours aspir'd to be Constable of Gustile pretending the late King had signify'd he design'd him that Honour It was not thought convenient to incense the Marques de Villena who was then in possession of it therefore 60000 Maravedies of the Marques his Sallery were assign'd him yearly for the present with a promise of the Place in case the Marques would not comply Besides those mention'd there joyn'd with the Arch-bishop of Toledo the Master of Alcantara and James Mendoça from whom the Dukes del Infantado are descended They gather'd 1500 Horse and 3500 Foot With this Force they march'd to Valladolid where the King was and encamp'd on the Banks of the River Pisuerga which runs by that City and soon after falls into the River Duerâ—â— Ellenor Queen of Navarre after much Labour spent therein prevail'd with the two parties to have a Conference Deputies met accordingly at the Town of Perales Thither came the Queen and Pope's Nuncio as Mediators The chief Dispute was whether King John's Will ought to be valid or not The Arch-bishop of Saniago cunningly demanded of him of Toledo whether he should have that Will allow'd in all its Articles He of Toledo made some hesitation fearing to be entrapp'd and particularly to disoblige the Duke of Benavente who was not nam'd in it At last he answer'd craftily he would provided the Duke of Benavente the Earl of Trastamara and the Master of Santiago might be added to the number of Governours it being so requisit for the publick Peace The other Party tho against their Wills as fearing to provoke those great Men consented It was agreed the Cortes should meet at Burgos to ratify what they had resolv'd upon mean while considerable Hostages were given on both sides Thus those Commotions ceas'd for that time By this new settlement the Arch-bishop of Toledo became so powerful it was fear'd he alone would sway more than all the rest in the Government Therefore the Arch-bishop of Santiago and his Associates thought it convenient to procure the Releasment of the Earl of Gijon that he might be a Foil to the Other Accordingly they took him out of Prison and brought him to Kiss the King's Hand who order'd him to be restor'd to his Estate The Cortes met at Burgos of had been agreed The settlement made being brought upon the Stage the Arch-bishop of Santiago said he would not stand to it unless the Earl of Gijon were admited as well as the other three Noblemen since he was inferiour to none of them for Birth or Estate It troubl'd the Arch-bishop of Toledo to be taken in his own Snare and the Case came to be hotly debated so that to prevent further Mischief it was consented to by both Parties that it should be left to Arbitration D. Gonzalo Bishop of Segovia and Alvar Martinez both well vers'd in the Civil and Canon Law were appointed Judges They could not agree but continu'd divided till the beginning of the Year 1392 when at last it was decree'd the Earl should be admitted The
with 4000 Aragonian Horse and 2000 Foot to invade the Duke's Territories on the side of Alexandria la Palla Ferdinand the King's Son and Duke of Calabria who had now 3 Children Alonso Frederick and Ellenor had 6000 Horse and 2000 Foot to make War upon the Florentines He entred the Territories of Cortona and Arezo wasted the Country burnt the Villages and took the considerable Town of Toyano He also overthrew Astor de Faenca who came first to the Assistance of the Florentines whereupon some other Castles were taken On the other side Antony Oleina having made himself Master of Vado a Town in the Territory ceased not thence to infest the Lands of the Florentines The War went on no less vigorously in the Dutchy of Milan Francis Sforcia endeavoured to draw Renée Duke of Anjou to his Assistance promising when that War was ended to aid him in recovering the Kingdom of Naples Renee found the Passes on the Mountains guarded by the Duke of Savoy and Marques of Montferrat and therefore came to Genoa by Sea with only two Ships and a small Retinue which soon rendred him contemptible Luis Dauphin of France who was afterwards King came as far a Ast with Forces to favour the Dukes of Milan and Anjou but at the end of three Months that Army returned into France without doing any Thing Thus the Affairs of the Milaneses and Florentines were in a dangerous Posture but the Ruin of others proved their Safety The loss of Constantinople inclined all Parties to harken to Peace and the more readily because it was given out the Turk design'd to pass over into Italy Simon de Camerino an Augustin Fryar a Man more active and fit for Business than Learned took such pains that in April he concluded a League betwixt the Venetians Florentines and Milaneses which was afterwards ratifyed in August The King of Aragon complained of the Falshood of the Venetians in that they should conclude any Confedracy without his Knowledge or Consent Hereupon he recalled his Son from Florence to Naples The Venetians Florentines and Milaneses fearing to offend so powerful a King sent Embassadors to him to excuse their Hastiness in concluding the League whereof they still offered to make him the Head begging if still he thought them faulty that he would forgive it To back them the Pope also sent the Cardinal of Fermo his Legate to the King He in a long Harrangue laid before him the Danger that threatned from the Turks offered him in the Name of the Confederates to be Head and General of the League and prayed he would not obstruct the Peace of Italy The King answered he neither began the War nor would be any hindrance to the Peace that he forgave the Affront done him in making any Confederacy without his Knowledge and was ready to take upon him the Command against the Infidels After the King had given his Answer the Articles of the League made betwixt the Venetians Florentines and Milaneses were read and were to this Effect That the Venetians Francis Sforcia and the Florentines shall inviolably observe what is here agreed unto among the Confederates for the term of 25 Years and longer if it shall be so thought fit and be in perfect League and Friendship with King Alonso of Aragon for the publick Peace of Italy and to oppose the Designs of the Turks That King Alonso shall defend the Venetians Milaneses and Florentines as if they were his own Subjects against all Enemies either Italians or Forreigners That in time of Peace to be in a readiness for any sudden War the King Venetians and Francis Sforcia be obliged to keep each of them in constant Pay 8000 Horse and 4000 Foot and the Florentines 5000 Horse and 2000 Foot well armed and equipped That if any War break out none of the Confederates shall make Peace without the Consent of the others nor joyn in League with any State in Italy without the Concurrence of all That if any of the Confederates be invaded each of the others be obliged immediately to send to their Assistance half his Horse and Foot which shall not be recalled till the War is ended That whosoever shall receive such Succour be obliged to assign them Quarters and furnish them with Provisions and other Necessaries at the same rates as the Natives have it That if any of the Confederates shall make War upon another of the Allyes then the others be obliged to send the same Supplies to him that is attack'd as if the other were none of the Confederates and yet the League to stand good in all other Respects That if any of the Allyes be invaded none of the others shall give his Enemies Passage through his Country or furnish them with Provisions but rather oppose them with all his Power These Conditions with only some small Amendments were approved of by the King All the Cities and States of Italy were included in the Confederacy except the Genoeses Sigismund Malatesta and Astor de Faença who were not admitted by the King The Genoeses because they observed not the Articles of Peace concluded on some Years before Sigismund and Astor because after receiving Mony from the King of Aragon for to pay their Men they went over to the Enemy This League it was generally hoped would advance the publick Interest of Christendom but all fell to nothing by the Death of Pope Nicholas who supported this great Colossus and departed this Life on the 24th of March. Within 14 Days the Cardinals elected in his place Cardinal Alonso Borgia who had before vowed and given it under his Hand if he were chosen Pope he would make War on the Turks calling himself Calixtus so great was his Assurance of obtaining that Dignity it being as was given out foretold him when a Child by F. Vincent Ferrer To requite whom for that Prophecy he Canonized him as he did S. Edmund an Englishman This Pope was born at Xativa in the Kingdom of Valencia of mean Parentage but he never did any thing that was little He proved a constant Enemy to the King of Aragon either because he thought it conduced to his Grandeur or that as it generally happens he hated him being more obliged than was in his Power to pay Thus he could never be prevailed upon to grant a new Bull of Investiture of the Kingdom of Naples to the King and his Son He was more studious of advancing his Kindred than became him for in one Day he made his two Nephews John Mila and Roderick Borgia Cardinals He also constituted Peter Borgia Brother to Roderick Vicar General of all the State of the Church Pope Alexander and Duke Valentine two Persons afterwards odious to the World for their wicked Practices were Branches that sprang from this Papacy Peace was ratifyed betwixt Castile and Aragon and the King of Navarre as had been agreed ceased pretending to any Towns in Castile receiving a Pension in lieu of them The Tumults in Navarre did not cease
Immediately upon the Submission of all the Cities to the King he took the Government of the City and Castle of Segovia from the Two Brothers of the House of Arias and gave it to Andrew de Cabrera who afterwards obtained great Preferments and Riches About this time near a Town called Peromoro in the Territory of Toledo great store of Blood ran from the Sheaves of Corn newly mowed which then surprized all Men and afterwards was found to denote the great Calamity that ensued in Spain The Marquiss de Villena being restored to his former Favour grew absolute to the great Dissatisfaction of the Nobility He persuaded the King and Princess Elizabeth to remove to Ocan̄a at the beginning of the Year 1469. His design was to marry the Princess to the King of Portugal and to that purpose D. Alonso de Noguera Archbishop of Lisbon with other Men of Note came Ambassador from thence The Archbishop of Toledo was for Matching her with Ferdinand King of Sicily and spoke of it openly after the departure of Peter Peralta the Aragonian Ambassador This Match pleased her best and she had declared she would not marry in Portugal The Marquess advised to marry her by force King Henry was dubious but at last resolved to dismiss the Portuguese Ambassador telling him it was not yet time to treat of that Affair The Cardinal of Arras came Ambassador from Luis XI King of France to demand the Princess Elizabeth in Marriage for his Brother Charles Duke of Berri which caused more Divisions among the Nobles Andaluzia was not yet perfectly reduced John Duke of Medina Sidonia dying Henry his Bastard Son inherited his greate Estate and rebellious Spirit D. Alonso de Aguilar and the Earl of Arcos sided with him and disturbed the Peace of that Country in the Name of the Princess Elizabeth It was thought fit the King should go in Person to quell those Troubles The Marquess de Villena at the same time resigned and made over that Marquisate to his Son James Lopez Pacheco hoping to obtain the Confirmation of the Mastership of Santiago from the King and Pope The Princess was left at Ocan̄a being again obliged to swear she would not marry or treat about it without the King her Brother's Consent or Privity The Earl of Benavente and Peter Hernandez de Velasco went to Valladolid to Govern the Kingdom during the King's absence CHAP. VII The Marriage of Ferdinand King of Sicily with the Princess Elizabeth of Castile and of the Duke of Guienne with the Princess Joanna who is sworn Heiress of Castile Differences betwixt the Knights of Alcantara and their Master and Troubles in Biscay The Portugueses take Arzila and Tangier in Africk KIng Henry going into Andaluzia was nobly entertained at Jaen by his Constable Irançu Soon after he reduced the City Cordova delivered to him upon Articles by D. Alonso de Aguilar and quelled the Tumults raised by that Gentleman and D. Peter de Cordova Earl of Cabra In the Summer he went to Sevil and did the same there The Moors did not infest our Borders being closely observed by those that Commanded on the Frontiers and divided among themselves Alquirçote Governor of Malaga an able Soldier finding himself Master of that City rebelled against his King Albohaçen many siding with him who were disgusted by the King or out of their natural Inconstancy They came to a Battel and Alquirçote being the weaker was overthrown He proposed a League with King Henry and came to meet him at Archidona on the Borders of the Kingdom of Granada bringing great Presents and was dismissed with a Promise of Succour Hereupon Albohaçen made several Incursions into the Christian Territories carried away great Numbers of Captives and Cattel and burnt all the Country He did much more Mischief than had been usually done of late upon the like Occasions yet took never a Town of Note Many Parties of Moors over-ran Andaluzia and Murcia but rather in the nature of Robbers than in warlike manner Let us return to the Princess Elizabeth whom many great Princes courted She was a Woman excellently Qualified and Virtuous but above all her Dower which was no less than a Kingdom drew so many to pretend to her At last Ferdinand King of Sicily took place of the Portuguese who was a Widower and the Duke of Berry being too much a Stranger His Father the King of Aragon left no means unessayed but gave rich Presents and made large Promises Gutierre de Cardena was her great Favourite and Gonzalo Chacon his Uncle govern'd him To the last was promised the Town of Casarrubios and that of Arroyo Molinos to the other the Town of Maqueda besides rich Gifts in hand and Assurances of Favours to come By their means with the Assistance of the Archbishop of Toledo the Match was made up and Articles agreed upon which chiefly tended to the giving all due Respect to King Henry as long as he lived and after his death that the whole Government should be in the Power of the Princess so that the King should bestow no Preferments on Strangers nor on others without her Consent That Match was privately concluded The War in Catalonia detained King Ferdinand for Girona was again besieged by the Enemy and at last forced to surrender Besides another Storm was raised in Navarre Nicholas Bishop of Pamplona going to Tafalla to meet the Princess Eleanor was murdered by the Procurement of Peter Peralta Messengers were sent to the King of Aragon to demand Justice they also complained the Murderer had possessed himself of Tudela and that the King was too free in giving Charters to several Towns They also prayed he would recover Estela and its Territory still held by the Castillians The Earl of Faux was dissacisfied and seemed to threaten War for which reason he was no less hateful to the King his Father-in-Law than Prince Charles had been The King gave these Deputies good Words but Peralta was not punished for that heinous Crime The Princess Elizabeth being uneasie fled from Ocan̄a towards Old Castile and being denied admittance at Olmedo went to Madrigal where her Mother was It was contrived by the Master of Santiago and Archbishop of Sevil to seize her but they were disappointed by the Archbishop of Toledo and the Admiral who with a Party of Horse carried her to Valladolid King Ferdinand fearing to be disappointed leaving the War in Catalonia went away to Valencia to raise the Money he had promised his Bride to keep House Thence he returned to Zaragoça and so in a Disguize with only four Persons attending him came into Castile At Osma he met the Earl of Trevin̄o who was privy to the Match and with him and 200 Horse removed to Duen̄as a Town belonging to the Earl of Buendia Brother to the Archbishop of Toledo There he saluted his Bride and on the 18th of October they were married at Valladolid the Archbishop of Toledo pretending he had a Dispensation
would be easier reconciled to the King who was his near Kinsman It is plain this was a breach of Articles In time of War Faith is not always observed but neither in Peace or War is there any regard to it where State Policy and the Interest of Princes is concerned The French and Spanish Generals in the Kingdom of Naples consulted together and with their Kings about agreeing the Differences that arose between them to avoid coming to Blows Not long before the Archduke was sworn Prince of Castile there came an Ambassador to Toledo from the King of France to Treat of this Affair He pretended that the Revenue of the Provinces allotted the King of France was much less than that of Calabria and Apulia and since some Recompence ought to be made he demanded the Country of Capitanata should be yielded to him The Catholick King answered That if the King of France thought the Division was not equal he would change Provinces with him yet if he insisted upon an Equivalent it should be made up out of the Principality and Basilicata because Capitanata was the best part of Apulia and there was no reason it should be rent from it In short he offered to remit the whole thing to the Decision of the Pope and Cardinals The King of France liked none of these Proposals being unwilling to quit the Title of King of Naples and Hierusalem if he Exchanged and threatned to use Force This Feud ran so high that being one day told by the Spanish Ambassadors that their King punctually observed all that had been agreed He answered He had done the same and in Defence of his Assertion was ready to Combat with the King of Spain or with the King of the Romans Gralla replied The King his Master was as just a Prince as any in the World which when required he was ready to make good in the Field The King of France said The King of Spain shall not be greater than I. And Gralla answered Nor you greater than the King my Master True it is the Catholick King used all possible means to prevent coming to a War The first Breach was when the Lord of Alegre who called himself Lieutenant of Capitanata came to raise the Siege the Spaniards had laid to Manfredonia as was hinted before and not content with that whilst the Great Captain besieged Taranto the French possessed themselves of Troya and other Places in Capitanata which they afterwards refused to restore Before things came to extremity the Generals agreed to have a Conference To this purpose the Great Captain went to Atela and the Duke of Nemours to Melfi Towns in Basilicata In the mid-way between them was the Chappel of S. Antony where they appointed to meet Both had with them Men Learned in the Law to plead their Title The French urg'd That what the Spaniards possessed yielded 70000 Duccats a year more than theirs and therefore it was fit they should have some Recompence made them The Spaniards insisted that they ought first to be restored to Capitanata wrongfully taken from them and then they would be ready to perform all Articles Nothing was concluded tho there passed great Civilities betwixt the Generals All hopes of Accommodation being taken away they resolved to try the Event of War Both Parties acquainted their Kings with it and writ to them for Supplies of Men and Money The Great Captain being scarce of Provisions quartered part of his Men in the Principality Captain Escalada with his Company drove the French out of Tripalda and possessed himself of that Town which is 30 miles from Naples Other Spanish Commanders made themselves Masters of other Towns in that Neighbourhood This was so highly resented by the King of France that he caused all the Effects of Spanish Merchants throughout his Kingdom to be seized The Catholick King was still for Composition even tho he were forced to resign to the French all they possessed in Capitanata which was the greatest part The Generals met again in the same place and made the Division again in appearance to the satisfaction of the French for the Principality Basilicata and Capitanata were to be divided which was as much as they could wish Whilst this was in agitation the French were reinforced by 1000 Swiss and 200 Horse sent from France besides a Supply of Money which puffed them up so as to commence the War a-new They took Venosa the Commander Peter Navarro being forced by his Men to surrender Quarata also yielded to them both Places being but 12 miles from Barleta where the Great Captain lay with most of his Forces Viseli in the Principality of Altamura revolted and the Spaniards by Sea having entred it were again expelled by the French who came to the Relief of that place Summer was now advanced and the French Camp at Quarata suffered for want of Water and Provisions our Horse cutting them off They removed thence and incamped on the Banks of the River Ofanto Then the Great Captain offered them Battle They refusing and drawing off towards Melfi some of our Horse fell in with their Rear killing many and taking part of the Baggage among which was some of the Equipage of the Duke of Nemours and the Lord of Aubeni The French would not hazard themselves till they were joined by 1000 more Swiss who were come to Naples and 400 Horse that were then at Florence The great Captain pressed his King for Supplies and particularly for 400 Horse and 2000 Foot of Gallicia and Asturias He recommended to the Ambassador D. John Manuel to send him 2000 Germans to mix with the Spaniards The Catholick King fitted out a Fleet under the Command of Bernard de Villamarin who was to transport 400 Horse and some Supplies of Money At the same time he perswaded the Emperor to invade Italy and put one of the Sons of the Deposed Duke of Milan into possession of that Dukedom And to gain the Pope he consented that Duke Valentin should be put into possession of Florence to hold that Dominion of the Empire with the Title of King CHAP. VII The Archduke of Austria and Princess his Wife sworn Heirs of Aragon he goes away for Flanders The Spaniards offer Battle to the French several small Actions betwixt them The Spaniards decline in Calabria are defeated THE Catholick King spent some days at Toledo to Entertain the Archduke and Princess then leaving the Queen there set out for Zaragoça to bring the Aragonians to his beck The Cortes of Aragon were to meet on the 19th of July but he sent to Prorogue them Being come to Zaragoça at the beginning of September because the Great Captain pressed for the Fleet he ordered one to be fitted out under the Command of Manuel de Benavides who was to transport 400 Horse and 300 Foot Soon after he ordered the rest of the Fleet to Sail with Luis Portocarrero Lord of Palma who had served well in the Wars of Granada and was
the Wall The Besieged resolved to quit the Bulwark which when they saw covered with the Enemy they blew up and sallying upon such as had escaped that danger put them to the Sword so that above 400 perished Fresh Forces still resorting to the Duke of Alva his Army was now increased to 400 Men at Arms 1500 Horse and 10000 Foot With this Power on the 13th of October he marched down and stood till Sun-set before the French Camp The Enemy would not leave their Works tho our Cannon played upon them and did some Execution At this time the Catholick King came to Girona to gather the Forces that were coming from Castile no fewer in number than those at Perpignan and better Armed He gave out he would attack the French in their Works if they refused to march out A Fleet was also provided under the Command of Estopin̄an for the Coast of Roussillon but was not yet come Whilst the King drew all his Forces to that part 19 Sail of Moors took the opportunity to do some harm upon the Coasts of Valencia and Granada Martin Hernandez Galindo Admiral of the Coast of Granada met them near Cartagena where after a hot Dispute they were all burnt or sunk This Joyful News being brought to the King he set out from Girona and came to Perpignan on the 19th of October There understanding the Distress of the Besieged he resolved that part of his Army should attack the French on the side next to France and the rest on the opposite part For the better effecting of it he first assaulted and took a Wooden Fort the French had raised to secure the passage into France The loss of that Fort and approach of the King so dismayed the Enemy that they drew off their Artillery that night to the Road of Narbonne and the day following marched off leaving part of their Baggage and Ammunition At first they came down into the Plain as if they had designed to fight but immediately wheeled off towards Narbonne The Aragonian and Catalonian Horse falling in upon their Rear made them abandon some of their Artillery and Baggage yet tho the King came up in Person the Enemy having their Retreat near at hand got off The King entring France took Leocata and some other Places about it On the 24th of October was born at Lisbon the Princess Elizabeth afterwards Empress and Queen of Spain Soon after came Ambassadors from France by whom a Truce was concluded for 5 Months betwixt the two Kings exclusive of Naples Thus the War ceasing the Marquess de Denia was left to Command on those Frontiers with 1000 Men at Arms 2000 Light Horse and 3000 Foot D. Dinas de Requesens was made Governor of Salsas and then the King returned to Barcelona Thence he sent Michael John Gralla and Antony Augustin his Ambassadors into France to endeavour to settle the Affairs of Naples for which the Catholick King was in Care because Supplies were going thither from France but chiefly because upon the Death of Pope Pius III. the Cardinal of S. Peter had been Elected Pope on the first of November by the Name of Julius II. He was by Birth a Genoese but in Assection a Frenchman and it was feared lest he should embroil all Italy Duke Valentin had influenced this Election At this time the Archduke departed out of Savoy to see his Father who advised him not to press the observation of the Peace he concluded with France He also offered if the Catholick King would furnish him with Money to make War in Lombardy but the Catholick King reposing no great Confidence in him time was delayed and nothing concluded It began now plainly to appear that the Princess Joanna was distracted which much troubled her Parents She pressed to be gone to her Husband and her Mother put her off with good Words because the Season was not proper It came to that that she offered to depart afoot from Mota de Medina where she was kept No way was left to stop her but taking up the Draw-bridge She perceiving she could not get away stayed at the Farriers and there eat and lay in a Kitchin not regarding the Coldness of the Weather and inconveniency of the place Neither could D. John de Fonseca Bishop of Cordova who was with her or the Archbishop of Toledo who came on purpose prevail with her to return to her Chamber till the Queen came who was sick at Segovia To please her she ordered a Fleet to be Rigged at Laredo to carry her as soon as the Weather would permit to Flanders whither her Husband the Archduke was come after his long stay in France and Savoy The French Army in Italy marched very slowly towards Naples They marched through Florence and Siena without any let under the Command of the Marquess of Mantua The Lord de la Trimouille being sick followed after but went no farther than Rome That City would not admit the French but suffered them to pass the River Tiber at the Bridge called Molle which is two miles from thence The Great Captain was in care how to continue the Siege of Gaeta and oppose those Forces that came to relieve it Francis de Rojas the Spanish Ambassador at Rome very opportunely supplied him with 2000 Spanish German and Italian Foot he gathered in that City and 100 Light Horse and made up 200 Germans and 500 Italians to send after the others D. Hugo de Moncada who had been in the Service of Duke Valentin led these Men. This Supply came very opportunely because the Siege of Salsas hindred any Succours coming from Spain As soon as the Great Captain understood the Enemy approached to the Borders of the Kingdom he marched with all his Army from Castellan towards them The first day he came to the River Garellano and leaving Peter de Paz with a Party to secure a Pass there advanced himself to S. German Then the French Army lay at Pontecorvo a Town of the Church only 6 miles off It was reported they were 1000 Curassiers 2000 Light Horse and 9000 Foot most of them Italians They had 36 Pieces of Cannon whereof 16 were large the rest Field Pieces Peter Navarro advanced with a Body to attack the Castle of Montecasino which still held for the French It was carried by main force to the great shame of the French who lay in sight and durst not relieve it It was given out the Duke of Mantua used to boast he desired nothing more than to come to a Battle with that Rabble The Great Captain encamped within a mile of him and then sent to offer him Battle since he was so desirous of it He answered they would meet at Garellano which River he would pass in despight of him This River has its Springs in Abruzzo and runs between S. German and the Lands of the Church in a narrow Channel but so deep it is scarce fordable There was no Bridge thereabouts but that of Pontecorvo
seized whereupon he went over to the other Party The Spanish Soldiers who according to the King's Order were to be dismissed tho' it was given out they should be sent to the Conquest of Gelves mutinied and much perplexed the Great Captain Yet he appeased and sent them to Spain as he was ordered The Emperor and King Philip met to ratifie the Treaty concluded with the King of France from whom came also the Cardinal of Amboise who took the Oath and did Homage to the Emperor in the Name of the King his Master for the Investiture of Milan granted to him and his Heirs Males and for want of them it was to devolve to his Daughter Claudia and Charles her Husband Yet in case that Marriage were disappointed through the King of France's means then that Dukedom should again fall to the House of Austria It was also declared that Investiture was given saving always a better Title which afterwards the Sons of Sforcia pleaded for recovery of that Dukedom On account of the first of these Conditions Prince Charles when Emperor pretended that Dominion appertained to him but then the King of France was to be repaid the 200000 Livres he gave for the Investiture Nothing was concluded concerning the Kingdom of Naples but the Marriage of Prince Charles and the Princess Claudia being confirmed it was supposed to be designed for her Dowry as had been before agreed These things perplexed the Catholick King who therefore contrived how to gain the King of France and secure himself on that side He thought the best way was to marry Germana de Foix that King's Niece F. John de Enguerra of the Order of S. Bernard and Inquisitor in Catalonia was sent to propose this Match This was so pleasing to the King of France that he resigned over the Kingdom of Naples to his Niece and her Heirs On the other side the Catholick King consented That in case he had no Issue by her that Kingdom should devolve to the King of France and his Heirs Besides he engaged to pay him 500000 Ducats within the space of 10 Years He also promised to restore the Barons of the French Faction which was hard to be done All the Prisoners the Great Captain had were also to be set at liberty and namely the Prince of Rosano and Marquess de Bitonto Only Duke Valentine and the Earl of Pallas were excepted On these Terms the King of France promised to aid the Catholick King against the Emperour and his Son in case they attempted to remove him from the Government of Castile Guicciardin adds That the Catholick King engaged to assist Gaston de Foix his Brother-in Law to conquer the Kingdom of Navarre to which he pretended to have Right As also That the King of France should send the Queen-Dowager of Naples with her Children into Spain and if she would not go then to order her to depart his Dominions All these Articles were agreed upon this Summer and on the 25th of August D. John de Sylva Earl of Cifuentes and Micer Thomas Malferit were sent from Segovia to France with the former Ambassador F. John d' Enguerra to Sign them They had also Orders to release the Prisoners at Naples and to secure the return of those that were banished It was also proposed to Robert de Sanseverino Prince of Salerno and Head of the Banished Barons to marry the Lady Marina d' Aragon Daughter to D. Alonso d' Aragon Duke of Villahermosa and Earl of Ribagorça which was so pleasing to the King of France that he endeavoured to hinder King Philip from going into Spain sending his Secretary to require him not to undertake that Journey till the Differences betwixt him and his Father-in Law were adjusted To make the surer of him he encouraged the Duke of Guelders to prosecute the War against him with a greater Power This Treaty put the Kingdom of Naples into an Uproar and those Barons who were possessed of the Lands of them that were fled combined to stand by one another Prosper Colona went to Rome and offered the Pope to conquer that Kingdom for him provided the King of France would quit his Claim The Nobility of Castile were no less disgusted it being reported That Queen Elizabeth before she died obliged King Ferdinand to swear he would never marry before she committed to him the Government of the Kingdom Some blamed the Great Captain because he did not declare for King Philip since that Match of King Ferdinand cut off Prince Charles from Inheriting the Kingdom of Naples whether the King had Issue or not King Philip was not a little offended to have the Kingdom of Naples absolutely disposed of from him and the Crown of Aragon left disputable if King Ferdinand should have a Son The Catholick King to prevent further Misunderstandings sent D. Peter Ayala the Protonotary who had been before Ambassador in England to Flanders that he with Gutierre Gomez de Fuensalida his Ambassador there should acquaint King Philip with the Treaty concluded and endeavour the Enlargement of Lope de Conchillos kept close Prisoner at Vilvorde As to the Marriage King Philip in general Terms answered He rejoiced at it that King Ferdinand was free and might marry where he pleased For what concerned Lope de Conchillos he said he was his Servant and received Wages from him and therefore having imprisoned him for his Demerits he did not design to release him Still the Venetians looked on without perceiving how great a Storm threatned them True it is they compounded with the Pope retaining Faença and Arimino and restoring what they had in the Earldoms of Imola and Sessena On these Terms they took into their protection the Duke of Urbino and the Prefect of Rome the Pope's Nephew whom the Duke had adopted and to the intent he might inherit the Dukedom given him to Wife the Daughter of the Marquess of Mantua his Brother-in-Law Advice was given to the Great Captain of the Peace concluded with the King of France and he ordered to come to Spain the Archbishop of Zaragoça being privately appointed Viceroy of Naples The Great Captain expressed Joy for the Peace and caused it to be proclaimed at Naples and as to his departure answered it should be very speedily but still he found Excuses to delay it which encreased the Jealousie before conceived of him and furnished much matter of Discourse tho' he sent his Secretary John Lopez de Vergara to justifie him CHAP. VII Mazalquivir in Africk taken from the Moors The Nobility of Spain divided for and against King Philip The Agreement made betwixt the Two Kings Ferdinand and Philip The latter in England THE Archbishop of Toledo never forsook the Catholick King but upon all occasions stood by him with extraordinary Fidelity and was a great Check to many disaffected Persons This Prelate was a Man of a mighty Spirit and more Generous than might have been expected of his mean Education He often pressed the
that held out for the French The Garrison of the Castle agreed to surrender upon the same Articles if not relieved in 21 days This same day being the 25th of October the Spanish Army mustered at Castanerola near Bressa It was found above 8000 Foot strong Commendary Solis was left in that City with 1000 Men the rest of the Army marched to besiege the Castle of Bergamo the City being already surrendered Admiral Villamarin sailed from Naples with 7 Galleys to join those of the Pope at Civita Vecchia in order to besiege the Castle of the Lantern at Genoa which held out for the French They found there 3 Galleys of Venice sent to the same effect Four other Galleys the Duke of Genoa had furnished but ill equipped The Siege went on slowly At Marseilles the French had but 6 Galleys and one Galleon The Schismatick Cardinals continued their Council at Lions and made large Offers to several Princes D. Hugo de Moncada Viceroy of Sicily sailed over to Tripoli to give Orders for fortifying that Place The Duke of Urbin lay between Ravenna and Bologna with 500 Men at Arms and 1000 Swiss His Italians who were more numerous daily ravaged the Country but did nothing considerable Maximilian Sforcia stayed at Trent till the French were quite expelled the Dukedom of Milan and the Milaneses had satisfied the Swiss who as they stood firm to his Interest so they would have their share in the Booty The Milaneses agreed to give them 150000 Ducats in hand and 40000 yearly for ever and offered Three Strong-holds in that Dukedom for their Security The Emperor coveted that Dukedom for one of his Grandsons but the Princes of Italy were against it In fine to put an end to all Disorders Maximilian Sforcia entred that City upon the 29th of December immediately preceding the Year 1513. He was received with the Pomp and Joy usually expressed to the former Dukes The Swiss Ambassadors presented him the Keys with much Ceremony Next care was to reduce those Places still held by the French The Marquess of Padula with the Spanish Infantry soon took the strong Castle Trezo on the Banks of the River Abdua That of Novara was surrendered to the Duke's Forces In order to conclude a Peace betwixt the Emperour and the Venetians the Truce which was expired in January was continued till the end of March The Cardinal of Gurse would have the same Conditions the Pope promised the Year before to the Emperour but the Venetians would hear of nothing unless Verona were restored to them It was thought convenient to make War upon them with the Forces of the Emperour Spain and Milan without making mention of the Swiss who it was believed would soon agree with the French through the Negociation of Monsieur de la Trimouille sent to that purpose which was the beginning of new Troubles The Viceroy to secure Milan where the French had still footing and Trivulcio had gathered 5000 Foot more Supplies daily resorting to them placed Prosper Colona at Aste with a good Body of Men to secure that Pass The Catholick King thought it convenient to make use of the Power of England against the French and because the English were not willing to mix with other Men he perswaded that King by the way of Calais to invade Normandy while at the same time he undertook to conquer Guienne and deliver it up to him King Henry fitted out 50 Sail to transport 9000 Foot all choice Men and well Armed and and at the same time sollicited the Catholick King to send him 50 Ships more It was not easie to answer in so many places at once for besides all other things in hand King Ferdinand was sick and Andaluzia in an uproar The occasion of his Sickness was a certain extravagant Potion the Queen made him drink at Medina del Campo in hopes of conceiving so Dr. Carvajal and Peter Martyr relate it as a thing allowed by all Men. The effect of it was such that the King grew very weak and delighted in nothing but being in the Woods His Disease daily encreased he had fainting Fits and Signs of a Dropsie Andaluzia mutinied upon the death of Henry Duke of Medina Sidonia He had a Sister by the same Father and Mother called Mencia and married to D. Peter Giron and also a Brother only by the Father's side called D. Alonso Perez de Guzman In his Will he appointed his Sister to Inherit affirmming the Second Marriage of his Father was invalid Upon this account D. Peter Giron thought to possess himself of that Estate and secure◠Medina and Sidonia The Lady Ellenor de Zun̄iga Stepmother to D. Mencia and the late Duke stood up for her Son who had the true Title and the King favoured his Cause intending he should marry the Lady Anne of Aragon Daughter to the Archbishop of Zaragoça This Dispute was like to be decided by force of Arms both Parties having powerful Supports Justice prevailed and the Brother of the Duke carried the Estate Gonçalo Marin̄o commanded at Bugia and Martin Argote at Oran as Lieutenant to the Marquess of Comares Some Skirmishes hapned with the Moors but nothing remarkable only that Muley Abdalla with some Forces came up to Bugia and burnt the Suburbs No part was left standing but one Tower where the Jews saved themselves Gon\l = c \alo Marin̄o breaking the Articles concluded with the Moors was the cause of this Misfortune for which he was removed from that Post and D. Raymund Carroz sent in his Place CHAP. VI. Pope Julius dies Leo X. Succeeds him The Truce betwixt Spain and France The War in Navarre and Revolutions at Genoa POpe Julius being sick and his Recovery despaired of Advice was sent to Milan Florence Siena and Luca to secure the Roads that the Schismatick Cardinals might not come to the Conclave At length the Pope died on the 20th of February The People mutinied at Rome and there was great Contention betwixt the Coloneses and the Ursini The Monastery of S. Paul of Benedictine Monks was plundered and other disorders committed Hierome Vic the Spanish Ambassador contributed much to pacifie the Multitude On the 4th of March the Cardinals entred the Conclave having first discharged the Son of the Duke of Mantua kept as a Hostage till then and on the 11th by Votes of almost all of them Cardinal John de Medicis was chosen Pope and took the Name of Leo X. That very day he declared he would continue in the League and bring the Emperor and King of England into it The Cardinals Carvajal and Sanseverino who were at Lions but in no great Esteem designed to go into Italy and get into the Conclave Prosper Colona favoured them and designed himself to go to Rome and have a Pope of his own creating But the Viceroy would not suffer him to go lest he should raise some Mutiny and put a restraint upon the Conclave The Cardinals came in a Galeon to Leghorn but
Ferdinand Gonçaga Governor of Milan seized that City and put a Garison into it The Pope fortified Parma and put Camillus Vrsinus into it Afterwards that Dominion was given to Octavius Farnesius Duke of Parma Son to Peter Luis Anno 1548. The breaking up of the Council of Trent was so much the more resented for that among the other Articles of Peace with the Princes and Cities of Germany one was That they should submit themselves to the determination of the Fathers in Matters of Religion This design failing to reconcile all Matters in Difference at the Diet at Auspurb a Book was published in Defence of the Catholick Doctrine but allowing the Laity to communicate in both Kinds and Priests to Marry It was called An Interim because to last till the Council met again and determined what was to be done Julius Phibug Michael Sidonia and Eilebius Agricola composed it In Saxony at the desire of Duke Maurice the Hereticks publish'd another Book called Adiapora that is Things Indifferent Philip Melancton was the Author of it and mentioned many things that ought to be Tolerated for the sake of Peace Matthias Illiricus and Nicholaus Gralius more rigid Hereticks wrote against this Book At the same time Muleasse King of Tunez came to Ausburg being expelled his Kingdom and having his Eyes put out by his own Son Maximilian Son to King Ferdinand came to Spain to Marry the Princess Mary his Cousin-German and to remain Governour in Spain because Prince Philip was to go for Flanders as he did in November in the same Fleet that brought Maximilian He landed at Genoa passed through Milan and Mantua and lastly at the beginning of the following Year came to Brussels in the Low Countries at such time as his Father was gone to Germany At the instance of Siceleus Archbishop of Toledo the Pope granted his Bull by which it was enacted That none descended of Jews Moors or Hereticks should have any Living in that Church D. James de Castilla the Dean and some others of the Chapter opposed this Decree but the most powerful Party prevailed Joanna d' Albret Daughter to Henry was contracted to the Duke of Cleves but the Match breaking off she now Married Antony of Bourbon Duke of Vendosme of the Blood Royal of France Anno 1549. This Year died Margaret Queen of Navarre and Mother to the above-mentioned Lady Joanna In Germany some Synods were held particularly at Treves Metz and Cologne by the Emperor's procurement to bring the deluded People to the Obedience of the Church In Africk a Man called Xerife the Son of a Merchant and himself a School-Master under the pretended Veil of Sanctity drew together a number of Armed People wherewith he expelled the Kings of Morocco Fez and Veles He of Veles fled for Refuge to the Emperor and afterwards to the King of Portugal of whom he received nothing but good Words This was the beginning of a bloody War in Africk In England Peter Martir at Oxford began publickly to teach the Heresy of the Sacramentarians and great Tumults happened about the Change of Religion They made Peace with the French who had began the War in Picardy restoring to them the City Bologn taken some Years before At Cigales on the first of November was born Anne Daughter to Prince Maximilian and Mary his Wife She was afterwards Married to her Unkle and was Queen of Spain Pope Paul died at Rome the 10th of November Anno 1550. Cardinal John Maria de Monte succeeded him by the Name of Julius the III. and lived after his Exaltation 5 Years 1 Month and 16 Days John de Vega Viceroy of Sicily on the Coast of Africk took the City called Africa formerly Leptis on the 9th of September expelling thence the Pyrat Dragut who used to set out thence and Ravage the Coasts of Sicily He put a Garison into it but soon after to save Charges utterly demolish'd it At Ausburg in Autumn was opened the Diet of the Empire at which the Emperor and his Son Prince Philip were present The Emperor strove to make his Son King of the Romans but his Brother King Ferdinand opposed it in favour of his own Son Maximilian who was come back from Spain being already chosen King of Bohemia and was now with his Father at the Diet. It was proposed to assemble a-new the Council of Trent and to make War upon Mecklenbourg where the Catholick Religion was wholly excluded Both these Propositions were offensive to Maurice Duke of Saxony tho he was appointed General of that War but what chiefly perplexed him was that the Emperor did not release his Unkle the Landtgrave of Hesse These were the Causes that moved the Duke to make War upon the Emperor who being at that time unprovided for it was reduc'd to great Extremities This Year was remarkable for the Jubilee and for the great numbers of People that repair'd to Rome to gain it Anno 1551. At the beginning of this Year died at Pavia Andrew Alciatus a famous Civilian and Humanist born at Milan who was first Professor in France and afterwards in Italy Pope Julius last December summoned the Bishops to meet again at Trent The Emperor caused the Pope's Edicts to be read at the Diet at Ausburg Duke Octavius Farnesius very unseasonably put himself under the Protection of France Ferrante Gonçaga to put a stop to his Proceedings besieged him in Parma This was the cause that Council was put off for some time but at length it was open'd in May. Cardinal Crecencius the Pope's Legate presided The Ecclesiastical Electors and many Prelates of Germany Spain and Italy were there present The King of France by his Embassador protested against their Proceedings Embassadors came from some German Princes to ask safe Conducts for the Heretical Ministers and Divines but the Conditions they proposed were so extravagant the Fathers thought it a lessening of their Authority to grant them After the Diet at Ausburg broke up Prince Philip return'd to Spain His Cousin Maximilian bore him Company as far as Genoa where he found the Princess Mary his Wife and his Children come thither by Sea out of Spain With them he return'd in December to Inspruck where the Emperor then was that City lying near to forward the Proceedings of the Council King Henry of France on the sudden commenced War in Flanders and Milan He call'd the Turkish Fleet to his Aid which on the Coast of Sicily took the Town and Castle of Augusta seated beyond the City Catania Thence they sailed over to Malta but not succeeding there crossed the Sea and on the Coast of Africk took Tripoli deliver'd to them by the Knights of Malta who had kept it ever since Rhodes was lost Two French Knights had the greatest share in that Treachery The Spaniards paid dearly for their Loyalty about 400 being put to the Sword It was given out the Turks did this in Revenge of the taking of the City of
of them was charming and many things supernatural have been done by them Anno 1629. On the 17th of October the Queen was delivered of a Prince who being Baptized by Cardinal Zapata was called Balthasar Charles Dominick This Prince lived till the 1646 when it pleased God to carry him to a better Life depriving Spain of the great hopes it had conceived of his excellent Qualities Luis the 13th the most Christian King of France after he had restored the Church to its Possessions in the Province of Bearne this Year ordered that Catholicks should preside in the Courts and Parliament at Pau. The first President by him appointed was Monsieur de la Marc a famous Civilian and great Historian The said King after he had secured Rochel and Montauban having a Victorious Army in a readiness resolved to turn it against the King of Spain To this purpose he agreed with the Duke of Savoy to raise the Siege of Cazal The Marquis Spinola had distressed that Place when the French Army surmounting many Difficulties came before it A Nuncio at the same time coming thither from the Pope and the Marquis dying nothing was done till the ensuing Year Anno 1630. This Year the Order of the Regular Clergy called the Theatines was first founded in the City Zaragoza by the pious and devout Placidus Mirtus At this time the joint Forces of the Emperor and Catholick King were victorious over the Venetians and over-run their Territories Mantua was plundered and Cazal so streightly besieged that if the pressing Instances of the King of France had not prevailed for a Peace it had doubtless been reduced to very great streights Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden upon pretence of restoring the Palatin and Duke of Mecklenburg and re-establishing the former Liberty of the Circles of Vpper and Lower Saxony declared War against the Emperor and invaded the Island of Riga The Emperor solemnly declared him an Enemy to the Empire Pope Vrban the 8th ordained that the Cardinals should for the future have the Title of most Eminent whereas before they were stiled most Illustrious King Philip with his Brothers Charles and Ferdinand accompanied his Sister the Queen of Hungary as far as Zaragoça on her way as she was going to be married to the then King of the Romans From Zaragoça his Majesty with his Brothers returned to Madrid and the Queen of Hungary continued her Journey to Barcelona D. Ferdinand Mascarenas Governour of Tangier obtained a notable Victory over the Moores of Morocco Pope Vrban beatified John of God the Father of the Poor Anno 1631. The French having before possessed themselves of the Valley of Valtolina between the Grisons and Milan and of Pignerol and other places in Italy now entred Lorain All this Country they brought under their Obedience Charles the Duke and his Brothers being forced to fly and the Dutchess made a Prisoner Their chief Design was to hinder any Supplies being sent to the Emperor against Gustavus Adolphus and to be revenged of the Duke who refused to enter into the League the French had made with Sweden The Hollanders gaping after the rich Trade of Brasil set out a Fleet commanded by Henry Lonck who arriving at Pernambuco had that Place delivered to him by the Governor Mathias de Albuquerque he being wholly unprovided to make any resistance Above 80 Persons of all sorts and among them 4 that had newly taken the Habit of S. Augustin suffered Martyrdom at Nangasaqui in Japan Anno 1632. On the 4th of July the Inquisitor General Cardinal Antony Zapata presiding and both their Majesties being present Judgment was given by the Inquisition against 7 perfidious Jews who renewed the Passion of our Saviour in his Image These 7 were burnt alive and 4 in Effigie besides others that suffered other Punishments This Year began the Conversion of the Chaldeans at the City Baçora by the means of an Augustin Friar so successfully that all those ignorant People called the Christians of S. John submitted themselves to the Pope giving it under their hands and sending the Instrument by F. Roderick of S. Michael his Preacher whom the Pope received with incredible Joy In the time of Pope Clement the 5th and Philip the 3d King of Spain F. Alexius de Meneses of the Order of S. Augustin Archbishop of Goa and Primate of India had reduced Multitudes of the Nestorians of that Country and afterwards himself instructed and baptized above 14000 Gentiles in those same parts The Count de Lin̄ares Viceroy of India understanding that the King of Mombaça had revolted and killed many Portugueses besides that being a Christian he had renounced the Faith sent Francis de Mora with a Fleet of 20 Sail who recovered the Fort the King and his People abandoning of it Prince Balthasar Charles was sworn Heir to the Crown March the 7th at the Church of S. Hierome in Madrid there being present the Prelates Nobility and Commonalty as is the Custom upon the like Occasions Monday the 7th of July a Fire broke out in the quarter of the Butchery of the Market-place of Madrid It raged so vehemently that after 33 Houses great and small were burnt it was look'd upon as a miracle that it could be stopped Some People were killed and the loss sustained was very great Prince Charles Brother to the King and Prince Cardinal died at Madrid the 3d. of July in the prime of his Years and with him the great hopes conceived of his Excellent Qualities Upon the 7th of October the Marquis de Flores Davila Governour and Captain-General of Oran fought a great Battel with the Moores call'd Benarages who live at the Mouth of the River Zahara 20 Leagues from that City The King at the request of the Princess of Flanders appointed the Prince Cardinal Ferdinand Governour of the Low Countries and accompanied him to Barcelona where he took Ship and passing over to Italy came to Milan on the 24th of May 1633. The Catholick Imperial Army and that of the Protestants under Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden fought a most bloody Battel two Miles from Lipstat in which both the King and Papenheim the Imperial General were killed and tho the Advantage was not great on either side the Swedes marching off by Night granted the Victory to the Imperialists Anno 1633. The most Illustrious Princess Elizabeth Clare Eugenia Governess of the Low Countries departed this Life at Brussells on the 1st day of December at the Age of 67 Years She was a Lady of singular Piety and of an Heroick Spirit Charles Duke of Lorrain General of the Catholick League was very successful in Alsace Count Mathias Galassus obtained several Victories in Silesia and the Spaniards took some Places in the Archbishoprick of Cologne A Treaty of Peace between the Emperor and Duke of Saxony was began by means of the King of Denmark and the Landtgrave of Hesse Darmstat but it sorted no effect the Rebels being
from the Empire and 5000 from England A covered way was made at Brussels and 6000 Men put into Garrison there whereof 2000 were Spaniards The Emperor made a League with the German Princes The Cantons of Switzerland promised to assist his Catholick Majesty with each 1000 Men. At the same time the Ministers in Spain spent their time in debating how to have a numerous Army in the low Countreys D. Luis Ponce Governour of Milan perceiving the great Warlike Preparations made by the French and guessing what their Aim might be visited all the strong places of his Government repairing the Dammage done by the violent Rains the Winter before and putting them in a Posture to oppose the Designs of the French The Marquess of Astorga S. Roman and Velada Ambassador from his Catholick Majesty made his public Entry into Rome with the usual Splendour but had not Audience Pope Alexander the 7th being then sick and soon after dying Upon his Death the College of Cardinals elected Cardinal Julius Rospigliosi to succeed him who took the Name of Clement the 9th His Promotion was highly applauded at the Court of Madrid where he was acquainted having been Nuncio there and being known to be well affected towards the Crown of Spain Publick Prayers were made at Vienna for the happy Deliverance of the Empress who soon after was brought to bed of a Son to the great Joy of the Imperial and Spanish Courts The Venetians understanding the great Preparations the Turks made against Candia sent three Ships laden with Ammunition and other Warlike Stores to the Relief of the Place Mean while the Batteries of the Infidels had made great Havock in the Town beating down many Houses and Churches The besieged in Revenge hung out a white Flag and the Turks flooking to the Walls they sprung three Mines and sallying killed above 3000 of them The prime Vizier caused the Bassa of Anatolia to be strangled because he had not sent him such Supplies of Men as he expected Upon the Gulf of Venice stands the rich City Ragusa the Head of a small Territory governed in the nature of a Republick but paying Tribute to the Turks It is strong populous and abounds in Wealth Simon Lascari Archbishop of Durazzo a Monk of the Order of S. Basil sent this Year a Relation to the Monks of his Order of the utter Desolation of this City by an Earthquake which overthrew all the Houses Churches and other Buildings whatsoever overwhelming all the People in such manner that only 18 Gentlemen who hapned to be abroad escaped All the Castles and other Fortifications were cast down and among them a new Fort raised by the Turks to command the City Anno 1668. All the Discourse at the Court of Madrid was that D. John of Austria would go to Corun̄a there to take Shipping for Flanders where it was thought he was to Command There arose many Differences about his Departure and great Offers were made him however it took no effect This Rumour moved the King of France who had a Squadron abroad infesting our Coast to order his Admiral to search all Ships and endeavour to intercept him This Year came to Court an Ambassador from the Great Duke of Muscovy the first that was seen here and therefore much admired His Retinue was great and his Entertainment magnificent Now at length the Peace was concluded betwixt Castile and Portugal by the Mediation of the King of Great Britain who had often proposed it to King Philip the 4th but without Success The Marquess del Carpio who was Prisoner at Lisbon ever since the Defeat of our Forces at Ebora was a great Instrument in promoting this Treaty However it had not been concluded but that the King of France invading the Low Countreys the Power of Spain was not then such as to oppose both Enemies and therefore chose to compound with the nearest to be at better leisure to withstand him that was farthest off The Count de Castrillo resigned the Office of President of Castile his Majesty consenting on Account of his continual Infirmities D. James Riquelme Bishop of Plasencia was chosen President of Castile in his Place and he dying soon after D. James Valladares then Bishop of Oviedo and afterwards of Placencia succeeded him This Year Portugal was threatned with a Civil War for Prince Peter younger Brother to Alonso King of Portugal not only revolted from him but cast him into Prison upon pretence that he was not of Capacity to Govern the Kingdom Not content with his Crown he also charged him of being impotent and thereupon took from him his Wife whom he also married having to authorise this Act God knows by what Practices obtained a Dispensation from the See of Rome It was reported the King had made his Escape out of Prison which had it been true would have turned to the Destruction of that Kingdom for doubtless he could not among forreign Princes have failed of Succours and he had many Friends at home who would have shown themselves if an Opportunity had presented but better Care was taken to secure that unfortunate King The Great Turk after the Defeat of his Fleet and the Loss sustained by the prime Vizier at Candia prepared to set out another numerous Fleet and to that effect sent Orders to all his Bassa's to gather all the Vessels they could in order to send powerful Succours to the Vizier at Candia In Poland the Diet was all in Confusion about the Election of a new King Some of the Electors refused to sit till all forreign Ministers were departed from Cracow and particularly the French Ambassador but he had too many Friends among the Palatines who stood by him and therefore the opposite Party could not prevail Anno 1669. Prince Peter of Portugal to rid himself of King Alonso his Brother who being near at hand might cause some trouble gave in Charge to a Gentleman in whom he reposed great Confidence to carry him to the Islands Terceras This Gentleman the Day before he was to have departed entred himself among the Jesuits and took the Habit. The Prince caused the Monastery to be beset and taking him forcibly out cast him into Prison Many Judgments were made upon his Imprisonment and the Courtiers who pretend to see farther than other Men suspected the Gentleman had Orders to kill the King by the way and to give it out that he had dy'd a natural Death How true this was is not ours to decide God who suffers none to pass unpunished will judge of it Her Catholick Majesty having regard to the great Merits and extraordinary Services of D. John of Austria was pleased to Constitute him Lord Lieutenant and Captain General of Aragon and Vicar General of Valencia Sardinia Majorca and the adjacent Islands of the Principality of Catalonia and Earldomes of Rousillon and Cerdagne with all other Dependencies upon the Crown of Aragon F. Everard Nitard the Queen's Confessor and a Jesuit
16 Of Gravelling 17 Of Lepanto 21 Bell Rings of it self 89 Berga in Catalonia recovered 72 Brasil recovered 37 Breda taken 37 Bulls for Portugues Bishops refused by the Pope 68 C. Cadiz Plundered by Drake 29 Calais taken 17 Calvin and Beza 19 Caracena Marquess General against Portugal 90. Catalonia Rebels Portugal follows the Example 43 Catherine Queen of Portugal Dies 24 Cazal Besieged 37 Taken 63 Ceremony of Contracting the Spanish Princess to the King of France 90 Cessation of Arms betwixt France and Spain 80 Chaldeans their Conversion 38 Change of Religion in England 7 Charles I. in Spain 2 His Sister Married to Emanuel King of Portugal Is chosen Emperor Crowned 3 Returns into Spain 4 Marries the Sister of the King of Portugal 6 Crowned Emperor 7 Arms against the Turks 8 In France 9 Abdicates 16 Charles II. King of Spain Proclaimed 98 Charles Prince of Wales in Spain 36 Christian League against the Turk 21 Christiern King of Denmark expelled 4 Civil Wars in Swisserland 8 Clement Pope Dies 8 31 Clement IX chosen Pope 93 Collation of great Offices 95 Comet 22 24 Commotions in Portugal 42 Composition betwixt France and Spain 7 Concessions for Reducing Hereticks 13 Condê Prince in Catalonia 46 Conferences for Peace 80 Conspiracy against the French King 27 Conti Prince takes Ville-Franche 68 Conversion of Ethiopia 56 Cortes of Aragon 37 Of Castile 44 Of Aragon and Valencia 44 Cosmo Created Great Duks of Tuscany 21 Council of Trent 11 Openea 12 Breaks up 13 Sunnnoned again 14 Opened again 18 Court at Valladolid 30 D. Dauphin of France Marries the Queen of Scots 17 Death of 2 Kings and a Queen 13 Of 2 Popes 28 Of the Princess Governess of Flanders 39 Defeat of the French in Sardinia 41 Of the French at Valenciennes 73 Diet at Ausburg 7 At Worms 9 Discovery of Cathay and Tibet 36 Disputes about Religion in Germany 10 Betwixt Catholicks and Hereticks 12 About Religion in France 18 Diu Besieged by the Turks 9 Downfall of the Sultans of Egypt 2 Drake attempts Cadiz 27 Plunders the Coast of America 29 Dukes of Savoy and Mantua Die 41 Dunkirk gained 64 Taken by the French and English 76 Dutch and Turks Defeated 36 Dutch in Brazil 36 Routed 42 E. Earthquake 21 32 42 Ebora made an Archbishoprick 10 Edward King of England Dies 15 Elizabeth Queen of England 17 Excommunicated 20 Elizabeth Queen of Spain Dies 44 Emanucl King of Portugal Dies 4 Embassy into England 31 From a Black King 76 Emperor and King of England in League against France 11 Empress Dies 10 Empress in Spain 25 Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Portugal 83 English Fleet Invades Hispaniola 71 Escurial finished 28 Etna Mount 25 Exploits of Mallorquines 75 F. Ferdinand King of Spain Dies 1 Ferdinand chosen King of the Romans 7 Ferdinand Prince Archbishop of Toledo 34 Feria Duke in Alsace 39 Final betrayed 31 Floods 37 Francis King of France taken by the Imperalists 5 Released 6 French King in Italy 1 French King and Emperor meat 9 French King's Sister Married to the Prince of Navarre 22 French King takes Towns in Flanders 93 French and Turks take Nice 11 French in Biscay 4 Invade Savoy 9 In Lorrain 38 Overthrown 42 Join with the Rebels 43 In Italy 46 Decline in Catalonia 58 In Catalonia with the Rebels 65 Pass the Pyreneans 67 Join with the English 74 Obliged to quit the Siege of Alexandria 74 Begin the War in Flanders 93 Galeons destroyed 71 General defection of the Low-Countries 24 Great Eclipse 11 Great Flooas 16 43 and 76 Great Jubilee 30 Great Tax 31 Gregorian Account 25 Gregory Pope Dies 26 Gregory XV. Pope 35 Dies 36 Guize Duke Murdered by the Huguenots 18 Guize Duke put to death 27 Guize Duke set at Liberty 69 Gustavus Adolphus 38 Killed 39 H. Hard Winter 44 Henry King of Navarre 2 Henry the Cardinal King of Portugal 24 Dies 25 Henry III. King of France Murdered by Clement 28 Henry IV. King of France Murdered by Ravillac 32 Heresie of Martin Luther 2 Hereticks at the Council of Trent 14 Huguenot Rebels twice overthrown 20 James Prince of Spain Dies 26 Jesuits Confirmed by the Pope 10 Jesuits Murdered 20 Innocent X. Pope Dies 69 Innundations in Flanders 7 John III. King of Portugal Marries the Emperors-Sister 5 Dies 16 D. John of Austria at Tunez 22 Made Vicar of Italy 23 In the Low-Countries 24 D. John of Austria at Sea 46 At the Siege of Barcelona 53 Takes Solsona 72 Sent for Flanders 73 Takes S. Gillain 73 Commands against Portugal 87 83 Takes Aronches and other Places 83 Enters Portugal Takes Borba and Iurumenha 86 Takes Ebora and is Routed 95 Is Lord Lieutenant and Captain General of Aragon 94 Jubilee Year at Rome 37 57 Julius III. Elected Pope 14 Dies 15 K. King of France Dies 23 L. Landresi taken by the French 41 League against the Turks 9 Dissolved 22 Leganez Marquess in Savoy 41 Leganez Marqess destroys many Moors about Oran 15 Leo IX Pope Dies 4 Leo X. chosen Pope 5 Leo XI shosen Pope 31 Leopold the Archduke in Champagne 57 Lerida Recovered 44 Lerma Duke leaves the Government 33 Low-Countries Conspire against Spain 23 M. Malta Besieged by the Turks 19 Mamora taken 32 Marcellus chosen Pope and Dies 15 Margaret King Philip IV. Daughter Married to the Emperor 95 Marriages of Princes 32 Marriage of the Princess of Spain to the Fr. King 90 Martin Luther's Death 12 Martyrdoms in Japan 36 Mary Queen of Portugal Dies 2 Mary Queen of England Marries Philip Prince of Spain 15 Dies 17 Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned 19 Murdered 27 Mary Princess Born 31 Maximilian the Emperor Dies 3 Maximilian Governour of Spain 13 Medices expelled Florence 6 Restored 7 Monserrat Invaded by the Spaniards 47 Monstrous Birth 39 Montmidi Surrendred to the French 74 Moriscoes Rebell in Spain 20 Banished 32 Mortara Marquess attacks the French and is repulsed 76 Mortality 28 Murder Commited by a Woman 92 Mutiniers Punished 28 N. Naples Besieged 6 Navarre Pacified 1 Over-run by the French 3 Netherlands given to the Princess Elizabeth 22 New Governour in the Low-Countries 22 New Passage into the South Sea 33 F. Nitard sent from Court 94 O. Olivenca taken from the Portugues 44 Orange Prince Heads the Rebels in Holland 20 Wounded 25 Killed 26 Ormuz taken by the Persians 36 Ossuna Duke makes an Irruption into Portugal 77 His Actions there 84 Again in Portugal 95 Overthrow of the French 5 45 Of the Saxons 13 Overtures of Peace betwixt Spain and Portugale 91 P. Pantheon finished 67 Parma Prince successful against the Rebels in the Low-Countries 26 Paul III. Pope Dies 14 Paul IV. Pope 15 Paul V. Pope Dies 37 Peace betwixt France and Spain 17 Betwixt Spain and England 31 With Oliver Cromwell 70 Concluded 89 Concluded with Portugal 94 Penol in Africk taken 19 Perfidious Act of Portugueses 70 Pemambuco taken by the Dutch 38 Perpignan taken by the French 43
Persecution in Japan 37 Philip II. Sworn Heir of Castile 6 Governour of Spain 11 His Marriage 12 Marries a Third Wife Returns into Spain 17 Aspires to the Crown of France 29 Dies 30 Philip III. Born 24 Sworn Heir of Spain 26 His Marriage 30 In Portugal 33 Dies 34 35 Philip IV. Born 31 Sworn Heir of Spain 31 Marries the French Kings Sister 33 Goes with the Princess his Daughter to the Frontiers 89 Dies 90 Philip Prince of Spain Dies 84 Pius IV. chosen Pope 17 Pius V chosen Pope 19 Dies 21 Places in Guienne taken 40 Places in the Low-Countries taken by the French 46 Plague 17 At Naples 74 Pope and Emperor at Bologna 8 Pope and King of France at Marseilles 8 Portugues Ambassador's Brother beheaded 69 Portugueses worsted 62 Posture of Affairs in Flanders 80 Practices against the Emperor 6 Proceedings against Hereticks 12 Prodigy 86 Q. Queen of Spain Dies 25 32 Queen of Spain Delivered of a Daughters 60 Queen Regent of Portugal Dies 91 Quiroga Archbishop of Toledo 20 R. Ragusa destroyed by an Earthquake 93 Rebellion in Spain 3 In Ghent 10 In France 18 In the Low-Countries 19 In Naples 47 Rebels in France Besiege Paris 20 Riches of the Spanish Fleet. 85 D. Roderick Calderon behended 35 Rome Sacked 6 Rousillon Invaded by the French 42 S. S. Francis Xaverius 15 S. Ignatius Beatified 32 S. Rosalia her Feast 62 Savoy Duke in Spain 26 Sebastian King of Portugal his Birth 15 Slain with all his Army in Africk 24 Several Places in the Low-Countries Revolt 22 Ships taken 41 71 Siena expels the Imperalists Surrendred to the Emperor Given to the Duke of Florence 16 Sixtus V. chosen Pope 26 Slaughter of the English Garrison of Tangier 98 Solyman Dies before Zigeth 19 Spaniards expelled Milan 1 Take Towns in Picardy 40 Overthrown in Catalonia 45 Worsted by the Turks 18 At the Council of Trent 18 Spanish West-India Fleet burnt by Blake 75 Armada against England destroyed 27 Ambassador Received by the Rebels in England 50 Storm of Wind and Rain 40 Succours sent the French Rebels by the Spaniards 65 Swarms of Locusts 11 Swisse Routed 1 Synods in Spain 19 Synod at Toledo 25 T. Termes Castle taken 45 Terrible Storm 84 Theatins in Spain 38 Thirty Thousand Germans in France 27 Three Remarkable things 9 Tortosa taken 57 Troubles in France 48 Truce for Ten Tears 9 Betwixt France and Spain 16 With the Dutch Rebels 32 With Holland 47 Tumults in Aragon appeased 29 Tunez taken by the Emperor 8 Turenne overthrown by Condê 64 Turks over-run Hungary 6 Before Candia 70 Enter Transilvania 85 Turkish Fleet at Naples 15 Turkish Fleet beaten 92 Twenty two Galleys cast away 18 Two Sea Fights 35 V. Valladolid made a Bishoprick 29 Venetians make Peace with the Turk 22 Victory over the Hollanders 33 Vienna Besieged 7 Urban VIII chosen Pope 36 W. Wallestein Executed 39 War in Flanders 14 Renewed betwixt France and Spain 16 Of Savoy and Mantua 33 In Italy 38 Betwixt France and Spain 40 Betwixt the Venetians and Turks 85 Betwixt the Emperor and the Turk 96 X. Xerifes of Africk their Rise 14 FINIS Tubal in Spain Description of Spain It s Situation and Form Rivers and Mountains of Spain Ancient and Modern division of Spain Language of Spain Customs of the Spaniards Fabulous Kings of Spain Geryon the first known King Osiris the Egyptian kills Geryon Orus or Hercules kills the three Sons of Gerion Hispalus King Hesperus Atlas expells Hesperus and Reigns Siculus Son of Atlas Inherits the Crown Saguntum built by the Greeks Bachus builds Nebrixa Lusitani so call'd from Lusus Argonauts in Spain Trojaus come into Spain Gargoris or Mellicola Abides's Birth and Education His Reign A wonderful Dearth The Celtae a People of France come into Spain Coming of the Rhodians Phenicians build Towns and settled in Spain Carthiginians their undertakings Beleares Islands 132. Argantonius's great Age. Nebuchadnezzar said to Conquer Spain Toledo and other Towns whence so call'd Carthaginians their first coming into Spain Baucius Capetus General of the Spaniards Phenicians driven into the Island of Cadiz They crave Aid of the Carthaginians Baucius again General against the Carthaginians Carthaginians make War upon the Phenicians 252. Famine and Earth-quakes 271. Sappho the Carthaginian Himilco and Hanno 307. Himilco sails along the Coast of Spain Hanno's Voyage to the Southward 312. Hanno and Himilco return to Carthage Hannibal the Elder sent to Govern Spain 315. A bloody Battle betwixt Spaniards 327. An universal Plague Wars in Sicily 346. Carthaginians discover a new Island Hanno in Sicily with 21000 Spaniards and 1000 Africans 336. 371. Hanno's Actions in Spain 398. Floods Earthquakes 405. Storms A Colony from Marseilles builds Empurias 419. Three remarkable things An Embassy to Alexander the Great The first Roman and Carthaginian War 502. 507. Earthquakes Hamilcar sent to Conquer Spain 516. 521. 524. Asdrubal succeeds Hamilcar 528. Asdrubal's Death 532. Hannibal Governs in Spain Saguntum Besieged Saguntum destroy'd 536. The Romans declare War the second time against Carthage Hannibal marches through France towards Rome Prodigies Gn. Scipio passes into Spain He overthrows the Carthaginians Prodigies in several Countries Hannibal's Progress in Italy The Romans success in Spain P. Corn. Scipio sent to assist his Brother 538. The Battle of Cannae Commotitions among the Spaniards 539. The two Scipio's defeat Asdrubal in Spain Famine Plague Carthaginians again routed 540. Carthaginians forced from the Siege of Illiturgum Carthaginian Army routed 541. Spaniards honour'd to incline them to serve the Romans 542. Syphax routed by Massinissa Romans Overthrown Two Seipio's slain L. Marcius restoreth the Roman Power in Spain Carthaginians attack the Roman Camp and are repuls'd Asdrubal and Mago routed and 37000 of their Men kill'd P. Corn. Scipio Proconsul of Spain 544. Scipio takes Carthagena 545. Asdrubal Barchinus Routed by Scipio 546. 547. 548. Asdrubal Son of Gisgo entirely Defeated by Scipio Scipio gains the Africans Memorable Siege of Astapa Massinissa joyns with the Romans 549. Mandonius and Indibilis Revolt 550. 552. 554. The Spaniards Revolt from the Romans who kill 15000 of them 555. 556. 557. Another Revolt 558. 559. Cato the first Consulin Spain Helvius recovers Iliturgum and fouts the Spaniards 40000 Spaniards killed by Cato Several Provinces submit Cato returns to Rome and Triumphs Several Governors of Spain L. Digicicius and P. S. Nasica M. Fulvius Nobilior and Caius L. Aemilius Lepidus Paulus Hypseus and Bebius Dives Flaminius Man Acidinus add Caius Catinius 568. Calpurnius Piso and Quintius Crispinus Terentius Varro and Paulus Sempronius Longus Pub. Manlius and F. Flaccus Posthumius Albinus and Sempronius Gracchus 576. M. Titinius Curvus and Quintus Fonteius 579. Ap. Claudius Centho Servilius Cepio and Furius Philo. M. Marcienus and Gn. Fabius Buteo 582. Sp. Lucrecius and M Junius L. Canuleyus 585. M. Marcellus Fonteyus Balbus Gn. Fulvius and C. Licinius Nerva Numantia its Description The terms of Peace with Numantia by
those Times At the beginning of this Year Lucrecia de Borgia was married to the Heir of the Duke of Ferrara her Portion was 100000 Ducats The Archduke and his Wife by the way of Burgos Valladolid Medina and Segovia came to Madrid The Catholick King and Queen came from Andaluzia to Guadalupe There to oblige Duke Valentine and in him the Pope they gave him the City Andria and other Lands in Naples with the Title of Prince It was also proposed that the Kings of Spain and France should settle an Estate upon King Frederick and his Children The King and Queen came to Toledo upon the 22d of April as did the Princes on the 7th of May having been stayed some days at Olias by reason of the Archduke's Indisposition At Toledo on the 22d of May they were sworn Heirs of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon in a great Assembly of Prelates and Noblemen They were tied in case they Inherited those Kingdoms to Govern them according to their ancient and known Laws At the same time that Spain rejoiced at the coming of these Princes England lamented the Death of Prince Arthur The Princess his Wife was supposed to be lest a Maid tho' they lived together as Man and Wife for 5 Months But the Prince was only 14 Years of Age and of so weak a Constitution that it gave sufficient Grounds to believe this might be true Ferdinand Duke d' Estrada was sent by the Catholick King to Condole with King Henry and to propose that the Princess might be married to his Second Son But he neither restored her Portion nor could for some time be brought to conclude that Match which afterwards proved so unfortunate Soon after the News was brought of that Prince's Death Mary Queen of Portugal was delivered at Lisbon of a Son whom they named John He afterwards Inherited his Father's Kingdom and was a most Renowned Prince CHAP. VI. Further Actions of the Great Captain at Naples The Duke of Calabria contrary to Articles sent into Spain The French and Spanish Generals Consult their Kings and have a Conference to Adjust Differences in the Division of Naples The beginning of the War betwixt them THE Great Captain as has been said laid Siege to Taranto some months before this time In that Town was the Duke of Calabria well provided to hold out Nevertheless the first day the Town was invested a Treaty was begun and at length the Duke by the means of Octavian de Santis concluded a Truce for Two months that he might have time to consult his Father both sides giving Hostages that nothing should be done to the prejudice of the other in the mean while Afterwards because the Messengers sent to King Frederick were not come back the Truce was prolonged till the end of the year upon the same Articles as before This Term also expiring without any Answer the Truce was still continued for Two months longer and the City put into the keeping of Bindo de Ptoiomeis a Subject of the Catholick King in whom the Great Captain reposed great Trust upon Condition that after that time the City should be surrendred without any farther delay but that the Duke with all his Treasure and Family should be free At the same time the Castle of Gerachi a Place of great importance 3 Leagues from the Sea was surrendred and the Prince of Salerno came to Treat with the Great Captain about coming over to his Party provided he and the Prince of Bisignano might be restored to their Estates He also demanded the Earldom of Lauria and 5000 Duccats Pension which his Predecessors used to be allowed by the Kings of Naples All these were extravagant Demands and denoted he had but a small Inclination to submit Many of the Barons who had withdrawn with King Frederick to Ischia came over now to the Great Captain Of them he admitted such as he thought were most important for his King's Service and among them Prosper and Fabricius Colona being informed the Venetians endeavoured to draw them into their Service D. James de Mendoça and In̄igo de Ayala took the City and Castle of Manfredonia by Intelligence they held with the Governour that was to keep that place for King Frederick notwithstanding the Lord of Alegre was marching at the same time to Relieve the Besieged At last the City Taranto according to Articles was delivered with its Castles to the great Captain And because one of the Articles of Surrender was That the Duke might have liberty to depart whither he pleased for the present he went to Bari which still held out for his Father tho the City was weak and the Castle but a plain House resolving to stay there for his Orders without which he would not do any thing The Great Captain earnestly desired to reconcile him to the Catholick King that be might not go to France which might cause some Troubles Proposals were made and he offered him 30000 Duccats a year for ever part in the Kingdom of Naples and part in Spain which was all he asked or could expect in that Condition The Duke liked the Offer but would conclude nothing without his Father's Consent Soon after the Dutchess Dowager of Milan his Cousin rather than to go to Sicily whither she was invited with the Queen of Hungary her Aunt retired to that City This Lady prevailed with the Duke to write a Letter to the great Captain praying him that notwithstanding the Capitulation by which he was at liberty to dispose of himself he would send him over to the Catholick King because he found his Father's Designs were not for his Advantage and yet he was not willing to act any thing publickly in opposition to him It is to be believed the Duke did not continue long in this mind for his Father by Letter pressed the Great Captain according to what had been Capitulated to give his Son his full Liberty urging that it was not like a Gentleman to break his Word and that he ought to remember how much he had been his Friend in the time of his Prosperity The Great Captain who kept a Guard upon him that he might not escape to the end to bring him to his Will besides the Revenue he had offered before now promised in the Name of the Catholick King to Marry him either to the Queen of Naples his Neece or with the Princess of Wales both very advantageous Proposals It was suspected that the Earl of Ponteza D. John de Guevera who always stuck by the Duke led him which way he pleased The Duke tho he went about Apulia in appearance free yet was so guarded that he could not get away nor scarce go a Hunting In fine this Business was so contrived that at Duke was brought back to Toranto and thence John de Conchillos had Orders to carry him in a Gally to Sicily and so to Spain it being believed Matters would be the better adjusted betwixt the Parties themselves and that the Duke