with the assistance of the Spaniards and Imperialists to oppose the designes of the French Mazarine had his eye continually on the Liberty of Italy and on the Conservation of Mantua at that time besieged which was one of his principal Instructions and seeing the maintaining Duke Charles of Nevers in the possession of his Hereditary Countreys in Italy depended on the Protection of the French he advertised the Ministers of the most Christian King of the powerful Forces of the Confederate enemies that Cardinal Richlieu might opportunely provide against them and shun the approaching danger To this and to the easier Acquist of Pignerol Spinola's clashing with the Duke of Savoy and refusing to assist him in such manner as he desired did not a little conduce and was cause that he died afterward with discontent and that the Imperialists missed of obtaining their designes The Duke sent the Abbot Scaglia into Spain to represent to the Catholick King that Spinola giving ear to the Propositions of the Cardinal Legate for an Accommodation occasion'd all the ill success and that the French through his fault were got on this side the Mountains for which the King being full of indignation against Spinola in opposition to whom there wanted not the Suggestions and Arts of those that envied his Employment resolved to take from him all Authority and Command of the Army which through so great experience of his worth he had conferr'd upon him Mazarine continuing a Mediator between each party demean'd himself with such exquisite Sagacity and with so sweet a manner Negotiating sometimes with one sometimes with another that he rendred himself equally beloved and confided in by all and continuing by Play and Familiarity to acquire every ones Friendship he came at length to penetrate into the most hidden Caballs and to discover the most secret Designs He by this means seasonably advised the Duke of Mantua's General of the Surprisal the Imperiallists were plotting against that City on the side of the Mincio not over carefully guarded by the Besieged Spinola in the mean while had laid siege to Casal with a most flourishing Army and had begun very much to streighten it Mazarine brought on new Treaties and persuaded Spinola to condescend to some honourable and honest Accommodation He formed a Writing to the satisfaction of the Duke of Savoy of Spinola and of Colalto and immediately went to find the King of France at St. John di Moriana who staid there expecting the yielding up of Montmelian attaqu'd by his Forces and brought back from the King what he desired He returned into Piemont but in those few days of his absence the face of Affairs being changed by the surprize of Mantua as also by the death of the Duke of Savoy and that Spinola was far advanc'd in the siege of Casal his first Projects were confounded and he was forced to mould new ones with which he went back to the most Christian King at Paris by order of his Patron Cardinal Antonio He was received there with great Honour and demonstrations of high Esteem for his Person and obtained His Majesty's assent to the Agreement with which he hastened to find Vittorio Amadeo the new Duke of Savoy and Collalto He demonstrated to them the good inclination of the King to the accord and left them satisfied and inclined to the Peace But because Spinola longing to take Casal seemed likely to withdraw himself from the Treaty Mazarine went again to find him at the Camp and with convincing Reasons disposed him to the Agreement He requested that for the Honour of the King and himself the City and Castle of Casal might be deposited in his hands the French retaining still the Cittadel promising to resign up the said City and Castle within the term of 15 days and that Mantua should likewise be delivered up to that Duke for the performance of which he offered in Hostage his own Son The King of France condescended to the Proposals of Spinola and gave order to his Lieutenants Generals to conclude the Treaty but in the very point of effecting it the King of Spain sent an Express depriving Spinola of all Authority At which he was so much cast down and struck with grief that when Mazarine returned to give him an account of his Negotiation and how he had accomplished what Spinola had desired and proposed he could get no other Answer from him then these two words V. S. es hombre da bien pero jo tambien Your Lordship is an honest man and I am so too And thus walking to and fro and stamping he shewed himself to be agitated by a most fierce and secret grief Wherefore temporizing with artificial Excuses he gave no other Answer then the former words often reiterated Finally Cardinal Antonio resolving to see the end of it with the approbation of the Duke of Savoy and Collalto sent back Mazarine to Spinola who was sick in bed and prevailed so much that Spinola in the end not being able to resist the force of the Reasons produced by Mazarine broke out into a grievous lamentation in defence of his Honour saying M' hanno levato l' honore They have taken away my Honour Then calling one of his Servants he ordered the King of Spains Letter to be brought by which all his Power was taken from him and shewed it to Mazarine that he might know the true cause of his Irresolution and said again M' hanno levato l' honore They have taken away my Honour Afterwards turning himself to the other side of the bed with the Letter in his hand he aggravated his Misfortune and the injury done to his Reputation and the Merit of so many Services performed by him to the Crown of Spain for 40 years together The business being in this posture Mazarine by order of Cardinal Antonio entered upon new Negotiations and proposed a Suspension of Arms but Spinola being dead and the Marquess di Sante Croce entering upon his Command who found all things in disorder by the death of the General underwrit the Truce which was already subscribed to by the Duke of Savoy and Collalto In the mean while the French Army descended into Piemont to relieve Casal and each Party hoping to win by their Arms the business was in a ready way to be decided by them To that purpose the French Army advance within sight of the place The Legat made use of Mazarine also in this occasion who flying like Lightening now to one side now to the other behaved himself with such dexterity that in the very instant that both Armies were ranged in Battalia ready to engage he concluded the Peace to the general satisfaction of all and with so great applause for himself that by this action the way was open'd to those Grandeurs which afterwards he arrived at becoming in a manner absolute Moderator of the greatest Affairs of the World Upon putting the Peace in execution the Spaniards by their slow departure out of the Territories of
Monferat giving some apprehension to the French they presently conveyed several Troops into the Cittadel of Casal contrary to the Articles of the Stipulation whereat the Duke of Feria taking Alarm advanced part of the Army to fall upon the French in their disorderly return into Piemont Cardinal Antonio having advice thereof so order'd the matter that Mazarine not only gave notice to the chief Commanders of the French Army but likewise by gentle means delayed Galasso and Piccolomini who were advancing to fight them so that the French had time to retreat without any disturbance With new windings and Negotations he finally adjusted every thing and by his means the Peace was fully concluded at the Treaty at Chirasco in which Mazarine was the person that by the Popes order negotiated secretly with the Duke of Savoy and caused him to deliver up Pignerol to the King of France whereat the Spaniards took so great distaste that calling him Traytor made bitter complaints against him to the Pope and Cardinal Barbarine who ignorant of the private Orders given to Mazarine by His Holiness and believing that he had gone beyond those of his Patron began to favour the Spaniards complaints denied to give him Audience and sollicited the Pope that he would appoint that a Process might be drawn up against him The Pope to please the Cardinal his Nephew gives way to it but underhand encouraged Mazarine not to fear any thing who was shunn'd and murmurr'd against on all sides by the wicked and hollow-hearted Courtiers Truth lying hid and Lies taking place to please those on whom they had dependance At length being admitted to the Audience of Cardinal Barbarine with sweetness of language and much respect he lamented the wrong done him and the slender Acknowledgments he had received in recompence of all his pains and eminent services performed to the Holy Church and all Italy and so efficacious were his Reasons that the Cardinal was much mollified but as there was an Antipathy between their Genius and his malignant Enviers never ceasing to torment him the aversion he had conceived against him could never be eradicated out of his heart Mazarine in the mean time by his courteous carriage and affability made it his business to gain Friends and Acquaintance declaring that mens Fortunes did depend on their good Friends who are preserved by means of Services and Civilities the most proper Instruments to captivate mens Affections And therefore putting in practice this Maxime he began to gain the good will of many that were ambitious of his Friendship by which means having at last overcome all oppositions and abated the bitterness of Barbarine That Preferment was offered him both by this Cardinal and his brother Cardinal Antonio that at other times he had sought after and could never obtain and the Election being in his own power he chose rather to serve Cardinal Antonio then Francesco their Humours suiting better together for Antonio was of a magnanimous spirit and generous in the highest degree The Place he gave him was Vice-Treasurer with an Assignment of 800 Crowns a year but His Eminence afterwards having changed the Office of Treasurer to be Legat of Avignon declar'd him his Auditor setting a high value on him for those Affairs And a little after the Pope willing to give him some sign of his not-forgotten thankfulness made him his Houshold Chaplain and Vice-Legat of Avignon and afterward sent him Nuntio Extraordinary into France to sollicite the most Christian King for the Restitution of Lorrain to that Duke as also to endeavour to prevent the War which began to break out betwixt the two Crowns by the surprisal of Philipsbourg and afterward of Treves with the imprisonment of that Elector But before he went from Rome he married two of his Sisters Marguerit the Elder to Count Girolamo Martinozzi of Fano and Girolama the younger to Lorenzo Mancini both of them of ancient Families Monsignor Mazarine taking his Voyage towards France in the Quality of Apostolical Nuntio Extraordinary was kindly received and splendidly treated by all the Princes thorough whose Dominions he passed but especially he found an extraordinary kind Reception in the Royal Court of Savoy No sooner arrived at Paris but he revived his Friendship with his former Acquaintance and suddenly gained a Sympathetical correspondence with all the Statesmen and Grandees of that Court and particularly contracted an intimate Friendship with the Count de Chavigny principal Secretary of State Cardinal Richlieu's greatest Confident and most imployed by him The King the Queen and Richlieu himself esteemed him highly and the Cardinal was never better pleased then when any occasion offered it self to discourse with the Nuntio in whom he admired the Acuteness Eloquence and handsom way of representing of business Chancing once to fall sick the King himself honoured him with a Visit The Popes Mediation for Peace proving ineffectual by reason of the too high Pretensions of both Parties at the end of two years His Holiness recalled Mazarine who notwithstanding in his Nuntiature did not omit to perform many important Services for the Holy See He went directly to Avignon where he staid about six Moneths demeaning himself with seemly decorum and with all affability He finished and adjusted many things and did not neglect to cultivate a most intimate correspondence with Cardinal Richlieu oftentimes presenting him with divers choice things from Italy Finally having obtained leave to return to Rome he went by Sea and having given the Pope and the Cardinal Nephew an account of his Negotiations he was received by them with all demonstrations of Esteem The Pope who was a Prince of a deep understanding taking delight to discourse with a person of so lively a Wit enrich'd with the knowledge of the Affairs of the world admitted him often to Audience entertaining him for many hours together Cardinal Barbarine growing jealous of so great esteem and familiarity and not enduring that any one should insinuate himself so far in his Uncles favour rigorously forbid him his so frequent Visits and cajoling His Holiness with his Discourses by which he had wrought upon him to be content that Cardinal Antonio might be honoured by the most Christian King with the Protectorship of that Crown to the great disgust of the Spaniards and their Party who encreasing their disdain against Mazarine as the Contriver of this blow they began to study by what means they might lessen him and avoid those prejudices to their Interests which they did prognosticate by his professed Devotion to France Though he did not enjoy the good Graces of him that was prevalent in the Popes affections yet by his extraordinary ability he still maintained the Reputation he had merited for his good Services towards the Holy See and continued his Protection under Cardinal Antonio Some differences happening betwixt the House of Medici and Don Filippo Colonna by his Mediation they were composed And it was no small matter he did in hindering greater disorders
at Court that Barbarin had changed his first inclinations having been gained by the Pope and the Spaniards upon the hopes of having the Ecclesiastical Revenues of Naples and Sicily restored to him and the money seized upon in Rome by the Chamberlains when the Pope pretended to ruine the family of the Barberines by forcing them to an account The Pope was inclined to a reconciliation with the Barberines because having not long to live he thought it not convenient to leave his Kindred at variance with these great persons who were still very powerful in Rome the Spaniards also concurred herein thereby to disengage this Family from their dependence on France that they might not oppose them in the Election of a New Pope Cardinal Francesco cherishing himself as was supposed with these hopes complain'd having no other pretence that they made little account of him in France seeing that Cardinal Mazarine had married his Neece to the Duke of Mercoeur without concerning himself to finde out a Match for the Princess Lucretia Barberini at which he manifested so much displeasure that he sent his Nephew the Abbot Don Maffeo to Lions to bring away privately the said Princess and the Prince Don Carlo Praefect of Rome into the Countrey of Vicenza in Italy which was done while Cardinal Antonio was at Paris without his having the least inckling of it This resolution seemed strange in France and the more because the same Cardinal Barbarine had sent his Cousin Colonel Vaini a Person of great value and esteem some years before into France to ratifie the Espousals betwixt that Prince and his said Neece After this uniting of Cardinal Barberin with the Pope to engage that family to him by a streighter Tye a Marriage was concluded between Don Maffeo Barbarine at that time Abbot and a Grand Neece of his Holiness in consideration of which the Prince Governour was promoted to the Cardinalship who renounced his Primogeniture to his Brother Bride-groom as hereafter shall be said FINIS THE TABLE A. Anger 's in Armes page 155 Archbishop of Rouen deputed to Court page 157 Assembly of the Citizens of Paris page 172 Army of the Princes at Estampes page 175 Encamped betwixt St. Clou and Furenne page 218 Assembly at the Palace-Royal page 349. Gives great disturbance to the Princes page 347 B. Brisac put into the Kings hands page 326 The Battel in the Surburbs of St. Anthony page 230 Barcelona rendered to the Spaniards page 415 C. Cardinal Mazarine his Birth 1 His Voyage into Spain 2. He betakes himself to the Wars 3. Makes a Relation of the Affairs of the Valtoline 5. Endeavors to put himself in the Barberins service ib. Returns to his Studies 6. Goes to Milan with Sacchetti ib. Returns to Rome 8. is sent back to Cardinal Antonio 9. treats with the Count de Collalto ib. He captivates the affection of the Duke of Savoy 11. Chasteauneuf banished Paris 433 Chavigny endeavours to make his Peace with Mazarine 380 his death 383 Counsellor Brussel lays down his office of Prevost of Merchants 346. Cardinal de Retz deputed to the King 328 The City begins to treat with the Court 338 Casal delivered to the Duke of Mantua 416 Cardinal Mazarine his Advice to the King 318 His return to Paris 477 His Artifices to render the Princes odious to the Parisiens 292 his Plots to to reduce Bourdeaux 451 Contrives the Imprisonment of Cardinal de Retz 435 He goes to the Camp 432 Endeavors to gain those of the contrary party 423 Cardinal Antonio Barbarin Legate à Latere for the Peace 8 Protector of France 27 Sends Mazarine to Spinola 16 Cardinal Francesco Barberine complains of Mazarine 21 Grows jealous of him 27 Cardinal Richlieu takes an affection to Mazarine 12 Conspiracy of the Duke of Beaufort against Mazarine 45 Cardinal de Sancta Cicilia Vice-Roy of Catalonia 48 The Coadjutor of Paris and the Count de Chavigny envy Mazarins fortune 60 Commotions at Bourdeaux quieted 87 Cardinal Mazarine sent to the Court of France 11 treats with Cardinal Richlieu ib. He begins to render good Offices to the French treats with Spinola ib. passes into Savoy to the King of France 14 after the death of Spinola he propounds a Suspension of Arms 18 Concludes the Peace 19 treats secretly with the Duke of Savoy to deliver Pignerol to the French 20 Enters into the service of Cardinal Antonio 23 is made his Auditor ib. is sent Nuntio Extraordinary into France ib. gains the Affections of the French Ministers of State 24 is recall'd to Rome 25 the King of France recalls him to Paris 28 Nominates him to the Cardinalship 29 Flempotentiary for France at the Treaty of Munster 30 Extraordinary Embassador into Savoy ib. is made Cardinal 32 Extraordinary Honour conferrâ—d on him he causes the Command of the Army to be conferr'd to the Duke'd Anguien 35 Godfather to the Dolphin 38 He endeavours to confirm the Alliance with the foreign Princes 40 He draws the Princes of Este to the French Faction 49 His good Offices to the Barberins 52 Endeavours to preserve the friendship of England 61 His dissimulation with Conde 72 His Art to draw the three Princess together ib. He endeavors to quiet Bourdeux 78 He leaves Paris 103 Arrives at Havre de Grace 102 Departs the Kingdom 105 He is complemented by several Princes 112 endeavors to divide the Princes and the Frondeurs 113 Recall'd by the King 126 Returns into France with an Army 142 is kindly received by the King 151 Endeavors to gain the Duke of Lorain 187 Raises discord among those at Bourdeaux 414 He encourageth the Court of Savoy to persist in their Union with France 421 Great commotions in Paris 130 Chafteauneuf chief Minister 132 retires from Court 156 The Count de Servient recalled to Court 158 the Count de Chavigny and others dispatched to Court 177 consternation of the Parisiens upon the retreat of the Duke of Lorain 217 The Cardinal de Retz hinders the Peace 242 The Court resolves to destroy the Army of the Princes 228 The Court of Aids assemble at Pontoise 338 The Colonels of Paris go to the King page 386 D. The Duke of Angoulesm imprisoned 311 Duke of Orleans Lieutenant General of the Crown 286 The death of the Duke of Bouillon 226 Designes of the Cardinal the Retz 324 The Duke of Nemours slain by the Duke de Beaufort 295 Duke of Beaufort invites the people to assemble at the Place-Royal 208 Made Governour of Paris 258 renounces his Government 385 The Duke of Savoy complains of Spinola 14 the Duke of Lorain stopt going out of Paris 387 Dutchess of Chevreuse disgusted with the Prince of Conde 68 Divers Lords banish'd Paris 406 Disturbances in divers parts of the Kingdom 76 Duke of Wittenbergs baggage plundred 359 Dutchess of Chevreuse undertakes to free the Princes 81 Duke de Mercoeur marries the Cardinals Neece 126 His Marriage questioned in Parlement 127 Decrees of the Parlement against the Cardinal 132 Death
imprisonment of the Princes were taken out of the Monastery and brought to live in the Palace Royal with the Dukes of Mercure and Candale only son of the Duke of Espernon so that they plotted all they could to hinder the chastisement of those of Bourdeaux and to reconcile themselves to the Princes and to release them with design to fall altogether upon the Cardinal and having ruined him to fall upon the Princes and remain sole in the Government To this end they flattered the Dutchess of Chevreuse with hopes of marrying her daughter to the Prince of Conty and she being in great credit and esteem with the Duke of Orleans by her means they gained the good-will of that Duke and with various Artifices perswaded him to press the Queen that the Princes might be brought from Vincennes to the Bastile of which place the Councellour Brussel one of the chief of the Frondeurs being Governour they thought by this means to get the Princes into their custody and to unite themselves with them to confound the Cardinal or if they should be able to ruine the Cardinal of themselves then to detain the Princes still prisoners and keep the dominion in their own power They joyned themselves thereupon in a stricter union and diligently laboured to hinder the King from going into Guienne using innumerable devices to frustrate this intention of the Cardinal who for all that mock'd at all the tricks of his enemies and with more discerning and wise Counterplots deluded them Their endeavors to hinder the Voiage into Guienne not succeeding they found out another pretext to stir up the people giving out that Mazarine was the only Obstructer of the Peace and that they ought to consider of the means to force him to conclude it the the Duke of Beaufort with like pretexts endeavored to regain his credit with the people from which he was much fallen ever since the Cardinals Visit The Court at this time went into Guienne The Duke of Orleans remained in Paris in quality of Lieutenant General of the Crown The Cardinal though he found himself strong enough in forces to chastise the Bourdelese yet did not omit according to his wonted custom to seek by fair means and by treaty to quiet these differences knowing the ill consequences that follow the bloody remedies of Arms against ones own Subjects But the Bourdelese that were back'd by the Parliament of Paris by the Faction of the Princes by the Frondeurs and by the very Spaniards obstinately prepared themselves to a defence The Spaniards making advantage of this diversion recovered Piombino and Portolongone in Italy And in Flanders joyning with Mareschal Turenne they took Rhetel and la Chappelle over-running the Countrey within ten Leagues of Paris The Frondeurs rejoycing at this Progress of the enemy thought of nothing more then of the delivery of the Princes to counterballance the Cardinal hoping that the Obligation in freeing them from Prison would cancel the demerit of making them Prisoners None was more zealous to serve the Dutchess of Chevreuse then the Coadjutor who by means of Letters reciprocally convey'd to and from the Princes had gained a promise from the Prince of Conty to marry her Daughter Hereupon the Dutchess pressed the Duke of Orleans that he would likewise set his helping hand to their liberty But the Persuasions of Monsieur Tillier Secretary of State left by the King at Paris to assist the Duke of Orleans prevailing with the Duke and knowing the danger that if the Spaniards should advance as far as the Castle of Vincennes they might set the Princes at liberty consented that they should be remove to the Castle of Marcoussy to keep them still in the Kings Power The Spaniards making use of this favourable conjuncture for their interests thought to increase the animosities of the Parisiens by sending a Trumpet from the Arch-Duke with Letters to the Duke of Orleans inviting him to a Treaty for a General Peace with a shew of sincere intentions The Duke willingly lent an ear to this invitation hoping thereby to acquire no less glory abroad then credit and good-will amongst the French wherefore dispatching several Courriers to Court they to please him sent him Power and Authority to Treat the Cardinal not doubting but that quickly as it afterwards happened he should discover the Arts by which this Engine was levell'd The Princes friends in the mean time did not let slip this opportunity to instigate the people so much the more against Mazarine affixing several papers in divers parts of the City in the Mareschal de Turenne's name containing in substance that there being in the Cardinal as great a reluctancy to the peace as in the Archduke and the Spaniards there was a readiness and inclination for it they ought by no means to lose this opportunity of enjoying again so great a happiness aggravating withall the miseries and ruine that by the continuation of the war hovered over all France To this effect the Marquess de Bagni Apostolical Nuntio with the Count dâ— Avaux went to Soissons to confer with the Archduke about the first Overtures Where they not onely found none on the part of the Catholick King but also were slightly answered by Don Gabriel di Toledo that it behoved them to expect Orders from Spain whilest the Archduke made account he had been Plenipotentiary having made the invitation with such earnestness and importunity Those of Bourdeaux in the mean while were reduced to great streights by the assault made upon the Town by the Kings Army so that they inclined to an Accommodation nor did the Court shew much aversion thereunto for the apprehension they had of the commotions of Paris wherefore the King granted them a general Amnesty without giving ear to their importunities for the delivery of the Princes but giving them the satisfaction in the removal of the Duke of Espernon from that Government the rest remaining in the same state This Peace of Bourdeaux was received with unexpressible bitterness by the Frondeurs who jealous that the Cardinal would set the Princes at liberty without acquainting them they united themselves afresh with the Duke of Orleans and sought by all means to set him at odds with Mazarine whom they gave to understand that the Court should return Paris and this with intent to hinder him of those advantages that he might reap by the Voyage of Tholouse and Provence which was of the Cardinal for many weighty reasons who preferring the urging desire of the Duke of Orleans for the Kings return to Paris and the necessity of providing for the securing of the Princes in causing them to be transported to a safer place then Marcousy before any other consideration he brought back their Majesties towards Paris and they remained at Fountainbleau whither the Queen invited the Duke of Orleans to consult Affairs of great importance but in effect it was onely to win him to the removal of the Princes a thing dreaded by the Frondeurs who foreseeing
hands of the Secretary of the Parlement the Circumstances of his Espousals with the Avouchment of them to be communicated to his Father the Duke of Vendosme that all the Decrees against the Cardinal his Domesticks and Kindred should be renewed and particularly against Madamoiselle Mancini who especially was prohibited to return into France and if she were there to depart within 8 days The Declaration that the King was to set forth against the Cardinal was likewise read and the Duke of Orleans made them adde The damage which ensued upon his hindering the General Peace as also for undertaking the War against Bourdeaux without his consent The Prince of Conde obtained to be added That his imprisonment was for no other cause but that he would not consent to the Marriage of the Cardinals two Nieces with the Dukes of Mercoeur and Candale Upon the retirement of Servient Tillier and Lionne the Regent saw it necessary to elect a new Council to which the Duke of Orleans assenting counselled thereunto by the Dutchess of Chevreuse and the Coadjutor who had pressed him a great while before they could prevail it was resolved on to call the Marquess de Chasteauneuf to exercise the charge of Chief Minister the Marquess of Vieville to be Superintendent of the Finances and to confirm the Chief President Keeper of the Seal and the Coadjutor was nominated to be Cardinal Chasteauneuf taking upon him the Management of Affairs began immediately to think upon those means that might hinder the Cardinals return which were to make the King to go into Berry and from thence towards Poictu for the further off he was the more difficult and impracticable it would be for the Cardinal to return as well for the Animosities of the Parlement as for the ill season of the year being to pass 14 Rivers and by keeping the King absent he should put the Duke of Orleans into the Government of Affairs which was his principal end These designs of Chasteauneuf being suspected by the Cardinals Confidents who discovering that there were but few in the Council which delivered their mind cordially the rest onely in appearance and to gratifie the Queen professed themselves good friends concluded that there was no better Expedient for their Majesties and for the Cardinal himself then to make use of their power and to get that by force which they could not obtain by reason and fair means To this intent the Abbot Ondedei by the Kings Order who with reiterated Letters had recall'd the Cardinal to Court hasted to Brules to let Mazarine understand the necessity of taking this course and to inform him really of what past assuring him of their Majesties good intentions for whose service it was absolutely necessary he should return to his Charge it being manifest that there was no person served them with more readiness and cordiality The Cardinal hearkened to what the Abbot delivered for having found him in all occasions of an ingenious free and sincere nature he much confided in him but he rested somwhat doubtful in his resolution for fear of making a greater alteration in Affairs and of giving new matter to the Male-contents and to his Enemies to raise pretexts for Seditions and Tumults to quiet which he thought it best to remain in exile with the loss of all he had gained hitherto But in the end the reasons alledged by the Abbot prevailing who with an equal zele to his hearty affection laboured to make him comprehend the necessity of his return he determined with his own mony to make without delay a Levy of four or five thousand Souldiers giving the command of them to the Mareschals at la Ferté Seneterre and d'Hoquincourt the Counts de Novailles and Broglio his intimate friends and persons of great integrity who took upon them the command and with all diligence applied themselves to serve him desiring earnestly to see him readmitted to his former State to his Enemies shame and reproach This being resolved on the Cardinal desired a Pass-port of the Spaniards to return to Bovillon which was by them delay'd foreseeing perhaps of what prejudice his return to Court might prove Wherefore departing suddenly from Brules instead of going to Juliers without drawing bit he rode to Duren a City belonging to the Duke of Newbourg from thence to Aix la Chapelle and so to Liege to Huy and lastly to Dinan whither the Counts of Novailles and Iroglio came to him to agree on the Levies for which he there disbursed the Moneys and in 40 days time that he staid there they raised their whole number of Souldiers Upon this news the Parlement renewed the Decree against the Cardinal laying to his charge that he had infringed their Order by levying of Souldiers to enter again into France and did what they could to hinder his return but he continuing at Dinan hastened with all diligence the new Levies that he might accompany them to reinforce the King and the time of his motion drawing nigh he renewed his request to the Spaniards for a Passport but it not appearing one night unexpectedly in 18 hours riding without drawing bit he came to Bovillon not without danger of being snapt by the Prince of Conde's Troops who watched diligently to intercept him skirting ever and anon the adjacent Campagne From hence he sent word to advertise the Spanish Commanders that he was gone and since they had not favoured him to with the desired Pass for himself desired that they would at least vouchsafe one for his Nieces which was immediately granted and with much Honour they were served and convey'd to Bovillon by Don Antonio Primentelli and from hence arose the good correspondence betwixt him and the Cardinal which afterward so much conduc'd to the Peace of the two Crowns to which the Elector of Colen contributed much by encouraging Mazarine to so pious and holy a work He went on to Sedan and determined as soon as might be to advance with his levied Souldiers and with those the Mareschal d' Hoquincourt had gathered who had Order from the King to joyn with him and with one Body to enter into France This novelty made a great noise in Paris but alarm'd most the Frondeurs the Parlement and the Dukes of Orleans and Beaufort who being surprised when they least imagined with clamorous complaints gave out that it was a thing not to be endured that the Court should so notoriously infringe their Promise and Word so often given and that the contempt was too remarkable to see themselves so palpably deluded The Parlement therefore decreed that in prosecution of the Judgment concluded four days before against the Cardinal to depute some with a Message to their Majesties to complain of what was acting on the Frontiers against their service by levying of Souldiers distributing of Mony and bruit of Mazarine's return all contrary to the Kings Declaration and his Royal Word for the maintaining of which they should beseech him with all earnestness that the
chief Minister of State with the Kings good liking Prince Thomas of Savoy as one who besides being his great Confident was of an incomparable Integrity in whom the King might wholly confide without any suspicion he left also the Count de Servient a Person no less Politick then versed in all the Affairs of the Kingdom Tillier the Secretary of State a man of great wit and understanding ready to execute the Court-orders with faithfulness and zeal and these three for the Negotiations of the State and the War he left besides with the Queen for the directions of the most important and most secret Affairs the Abbot Ondedei who was afterwards Bishop of Fregius Counsellor of State to Her Majestie of whose known and experienc'd fidelity and practice in managements he had full assurance This being done he took leave of their Majesties with that tenderness which his ardent affection urged him to and the 19. of August 1652. departed from Pontoise for Sedan passing first to the Mareschal de Turenne's Camp to view the Army which from Lagny was already advancing into Brie to oppose the March that the Duke of Lorain was taking after the Prince of Wirtemberg had sent back the Count of Fuensaldagna's Spaniards into Flanders and proceeding in his journey with a good Convoy he came to Sedan and from thence went to Bouillon where he staid expecting from time the fruits of his truth and innocency The Prince of Conde understanding that the Cardinal was going and by consequence the Pretext of the War ceasing He sent the Marquess de Jersé to the Army of Lorain to which were joyn'd the Troops that Wirtemberg conducted to the Princes with direction to take his time and set upon the Cardinal in his journey and take him prisoner But the Spaniards upon this becoming diffident he was by their means advertized and shunn'd the danger seeing the Ministry of Spain knew that it was for their interest that the Cardinal should subsist for under this colour the civil dissentions in France were kept afoot from which they drew much profit The same day the King the Queen and all the Court went to Compeigne and the better to dispose the minds of the Parisiens to joyn themselves to their party the King so soon as he was arrived at Compeigne put forth a General Act of Oblivion the Contents whereof imported after a summary Rehearsal of all things past from the year 1648. till that time a General Pardon and abollition of all that had been done against his Royal Service making void and of no effect all the Informations Decrees Sequestrations and other Proceedings following thereupon by occasion of the disorders from the first of February 1651. till this time as also His Majesties Declarations of the month of September and the 8. of October in the same year upon this Condition that the Duke of Orleans the Princes of Conde and Conty and all others of their party should lay down their Arms within three days after the Publication of this Act. To this end the Duke of Orleans should send to His Majestie within the term of three days an Act subscribed with his own Hand by which he renounced all Treaties Leagues and Confederations made with what Prince soever without his Majesties Approbation the like was enjoyn'd the Prince of Conde and Conty who were also at the same time to put into the Kings Hands necessary Orders as well to send the Spanish Souldiers out of Stenay and Burg in Guienne and other places wheresoever as also to cause the Enemies Ships to draw off from the Coasts of France That the said Duke of Orleans and Prince of Conde should cause the foreign Troops that were about Paris to march directly to the Frontiers of Flanders and unite their Souldiery to the Army of Turenne and la Ferté Seneterre and all those who were further off within the space of fifteen days declaring that those who should fail to perform in the space of three days the Contents of this Amnesty should reap no benefit by it from which his Majestie only excepted the Crimes committed betwixt particular persons which were to remain as before without other alteration This Amnesty with such an Exception at the end of it was esteemed only as an Artifice by those that did not desire it though for that time it took no effect for it was publish'd abroad that not including those that had fought in duel and assaulted the Town-house the 4. of July it rested in the Will of the King to chastise whom he pleased under colour of this Delinquency yet it ceased not to leave an impression in many who understanding the cavil introduc'd by the Princes and the Frondeurs were much offended having always believed that when the Cardinal should be gone the Princes and the Parlement would have cast themselves at the Kings feet But although those with the Frondeurs had no thought to receive the said Amnesty though it should be made in the forme they desired nevertheless they feined themselves zealous for the publick good shewing themselves very well pleased at the Cardinals departure The Duke of Orleans and the Prince of Conde went afterward to the Parlement where it was concluded to present the King their thanks for sending away the Cardinal and the Sovereign Courts and the body of the City send Deputies to the King to the same effect and to compleat all that was necessary for the welfare and repose of the State A little after the Parlement resolved to desire the King again to return to Paris and the Princes declared that they were ready to lay down their Armes so an Amnesty were granted them in good forme making the same Protests in the Chamber of Accounts and Court of Aids The Duke of Orleans dispatch'd a Courier to the Duke d' Anville his Friend and a Minister of State very dear to the King and most faithful to the Queen to obtain of his Majestie Passports for the Deputies that were appointed to negotiate the final Peace But d' Anville having kept the Courier a while sent him back empty because it did not seem decent for the King to enter into other Treaties since by the Amnesty he had perfected every thing and expected that the Princes should suddenly lay down their Armes as they had formerly declared to do so soon as the Cardinal was gone from Court D' Anville writ withal another Letter to the Duke of Orleans importing that he believed the Passports would be granted if they renewed their requests directly to the King himself which being done a Passport was granted to the Mareschal d' Estampes to come to Court not as a Deputy but as a meer Courtier and at the same time some secret Negotiations were renewed betwixt the Secretary Goulas the Marquess de Chasteauneuf and the Dutchess of Aiguillon the drift of which was to take off the Duke of Orleans from the Union with Conde they clearly perceiving that the Declarations that he made
the Dutchess of Chevreuse and the Marquess of Chasteauneuf Condé's Enemies endeavoured to separate the Duke of Orleans from the Prince and unite him to the Court that so remaining together near the King they might hinder the return of Mazarine and having ruined the Party of Condé get the management of Affairs into their own hands And this was the onely true cause of all the Caballs of these Lords for they had no ill will against the Kings service onely thought to do it handsomer then Mazarine did who was hated by many as a stranger and not beneficial Yet notwithstanding the troubles of the Court the Kings Troops went on with the Siege of Monterond and took it obliging the Defendants to yield it up for want of Provisions Brisac was likewise put into the Kings hands by the Mareschal of Guebriants Lady through the Address of Mazarine after strange occurrences happened in that place by the Intrigues of Charlevois who was taken prisoner and of the Count d' Harcourt who under some vain pretences that he was not secure at Court retired into that Fortress and staid there some time till he had spent all the Money he had got in managing the Kings Army in Guienne in which Affair Mazarine had the whole direction and ordered the matter so dexterously that the Count d' Harcourt refusing the Offers of the Spaniards and Imperialists returned at last to his due obedience The Princes in the mean time prosecuted their design to streighten so the Camp of Turenne that forcing them to quit the Post they might fight him and destroy him by the superiority of their Forces Turenne staid there with much hardship hoping to weary out the Parisiens and reduce them to their duty obliging them to drive away the strangers from the Town But all this while there happened no Action of moment because both Parties proceeded with caution and reserve lest they should receive any disaster so that the Countrey being on all sides overrun by the Souldiers Paris chiefly found the trouble and incommodity none being secure to traffick without the gates without danger of being robb'd and kill'd Upon these disorders the Townesmen began to frequent the Assemblies more then ordinary to devise how to free themselves from these tedeous miseries The 5th of September it was resolved on in the Town-house to send some of the Body of the City to supplicate the King to come to Paris For the same effect the Clergy likewise deputed some of theirs and the Cardinal de Retz was chosen their Head as Coadjutor of that Archbishoprick He went in a very splendid Equipage and made a most elegant Oration to their Majesties exhorting them to return to Paris The motive of this his going as the report went was to gratifie the Parisiens in their desire for the Courts return to gain the credit as Mediator of so great a work for the universal good and drawing advantage by Mazarines absence render himself necessary at Court gain the Kings favour and by means of the Duke of Orleans make his way The Kings answer was in general and like to the others formerly given to those that went upon the same account which was that he was ready to grant their request whensoever the Enemies of the publick peace should be driven away And this was the result and drift of the Court according to the advice of Mazarine to stir up the City against the Princes who though they laboured all they could to make them understand that the Amnesty given at Pontoise was full of Prevarication they could not so prevail but the major part accepted it and not onely in Paris but also in Bourdeaux it caused some dispute 'T is true that the Princess of Condé the Prince of Conty the Dutchess of Longueville and others being in this remote City their Presence and Authority prevailed The new Council of the Ormiera determined not to permit by any means the Parlement to accept it without the consent of the Prince of Condé The Bourdelois were in this point more resolute and constant because the Kings Army in Guienne wanting a General after the departure of the Count d' Harcourt they hoped encouraged thereunto by Count Marcin to recover the Towns and places possessed by the said Count d' Harcourt especially the Kings Troops being grown lasie and negligent they let Marsin attempt what he pleased Wherefore it being necessary to provide another Chief by the counsel of Mazarine the Government of the Army and the Province was conferred on the Duke of Candale onely Son of the Duke of Espernon a young Prince sprightly and generous and valiant above measure who undertook divers Enterprises and finally constrained the Bourdolois to return to their obedience THE HISTORY Of the Managements of Cardinal MAZARINE LIB III. AT the same time the Duke de Mercoeur was in Provence with Commissions for Governour of that Province yet without the dismission of the Duke of Angoulesme who was the true Governour but by order of the King was kept Prisoner in Berry because having promised His Majesty not to go into Provence without his Permission but to stay at Paris he notwithstanding afterwards under colour of going to his estate went out of the way with design as it was discovered by Mazarine to foment the sedition begun in the City of Tolon by this imprisonment with the diligence of the Duke of Mercoeur and the direction of Cardinal Mazarine Tolon was restored to its former obedience and the gates were opened to the Kings Troops and all the Province thereupon kept in peace which was otherwise threatned with sedition and troubles The Duke of Angoulesme remained prisoner three months but afterwards the King being assured by the promises and good intentions of the Dutchess his wife and by the interposition of the Duke of Joyeuse his son-in-law he was set free the beginning of October following and was permitted to stay in Paris and at Court keeping all this while the Patents of Governour of Provence but few months after he passed to another life and with his death his Family was extinct At the same time that the Cardinal of Retz with the other Deputies of the Clergy were compleating their business with their Majesties at Compeigne the Deputation of the Commons of Paris was sent back by the King with the Answer which followeth That his Majesty always preserving a gracious inclination for his good City of Paris and having a perfect knowledge of their fidelity and disposition to his service and their due obedience did suffer an unspeakable grief of heart to understand the oppression which it underwent and particularly since the fourth of July all seeming to be perverted which he had endeavor'd to make known his right intentions in opposition to that malice and violence through which those Conflagrations Massacres and other strange effects had taken place for no other end then to turn away his faithful subjects from their obedience that the Officers and lawful Magistrates
the 9th of October in the Assembly held at the Town-house divers were chosen and deputed to go to Court and to intreat His Majesty again to return to Paris but because His Majesty did not admit of publick Messages from an Assembly where the Duke of Beaufort pretended Governour of Paris used to be present contrary to the Kings Prohibition so that by consequence the Assembly was accounted unlawful it was proposed in Parlement and concluded on that the Duke of Beaufort should be desired to renounce his Charge voluntarily that he might not hinder the conclusion of the Peace which was so earnestly sought for by all wherefore Beaufort remitted it into the hands of the Duke of Orleans who had conferred it upon him The whole Body of the Militia of Paris was also resolved for Peace and knowing that the presence of the King was necessary for the consummating of it they made choice at the same time of 250 persons Colonels Officers and other Inhabitants to go and render their due respects to His Majesty and to entreat him that he would honour his good City of Paris with his return These Officers having given notice of this to the Court and desired the accustomed Pasports they were immediately granted and the King himself wrote to them with Orders to come to S. Germans Octob. 14. where he intended to be that night and besides this Letter to all in general he sent one in particular to every Colonel in which he thanked them for the affection and goodwill which they expressed to his service He wrote also to the Communalty and commanded them to call a general Assembly and to restore to their Offices the Prevost of the Merchants and the Sheriffs which had been turned out The Prince of Conde seeing by all these changes that his longer stay at Paris would be to no purpose and that every thing was in readiness to receive the King he resolved to hasten his departure The Duke of Lorrain also took leave of his Brother in Law the Duke of Orleans upon the 11th of October to follow his Army which were on their march not far off but at his going out of S. Martins Gate the Guard stopt him for not having a Pasport from the Communalty and were very near giving him some affront for some of them reproching him for all those evils which had happened to France proposed to have him imprisoned and detained till his Forces were out of the Kingdom and he had given satisfaction for the damage they had done to the Country about but this was not put in execution for the respect they bore to the Duke of Orleans but they gave him a thousand injurious words and the next morning they permitted him to depart upon His Royal Highness command The Prince of Condé went away two days after together with the Duke of Wirtemberg the Duke of Rochefocaut the Prince of Tarante and many other peesons of Quality who resolved to take their Fortunes with him At his going away he said as he passed through the streets That the Parisiens hoped for the return of the Court but that would not end the War He went afterwards towards Rheims a great City and Metropolis of Champagne with intention to lay hold of what he could in that Province that he might the better winter there under the Protection of Stenay and Mauson two places upon the Mose which held for him At his departure from Paris he left a printed Manifesto in which he set forth how much he had done for the publick and in particular for the Parisiens exhorting them not to trust to the Court and to believe that he could by the force of Arms have constrained them to make Peace Conde therefore and all the Officers of the Army having thus abandoned Paris upon the fifteenth following the aforesaid Colonels and Officers went to St. Germains Accompanied with two hundred Citizens more who joyned with them upon the way They had a favourable audience in which they express'd the general desire of all to see these mists cleared up by the splendour of his Royal Presence and assured His Majesty of their inviolable faith and entire Obedience engaging faithfully their word that they would be all in armes upon any occasion ready to spend their lives and fortunes in his Royal service beseeching him not to refuse them this favour but to be touched at their sighs and tears proceeding from their sincere and zealous devotion protesting to him finally that he should finde nothing from them but due observance and a perfect propensity to make good the Character which they bore of His most humble and most faithful subjects The King Answered them with his own mouth that he should be mindful all his life-time of the service they had done him upon this occasion and desired them to be always assured of his affection and that although the disorders stirrâ—â— up by those who were revolted might oblige him to take some other journey yet nevertheless seeing they had so great a desire he was resolved to go with the first occasion to Paris and would signifie to the Prevost of the Merchants and the Sheriffs what he thought necessary to that effect the Deputies gave him thanks and did their obeisance to their Majesties severally who were pleased to receive them with testimonies of extraordinary satisfaction After this they were treated with a Dinner and had leave to depart to Paris with so much joy of the people that seeing them pass through the streets and hearing the News of the Kings sudden return they loaded them with benedictions and deafned them with their continual shoutings of Vive le Roy. The same day that the Colonels went to St. Germains his Majesty before he left Mantes answered the Letters which the Duke d' Anville had delivered him from the Duke of Orleans to desire an Act of Oblivion in better forme then the former the Contents were that the King did not desire any further Declaration from the said Duke it being sufficient if he made his word good which he had so often given to lay down his Arms and send the foreign Troops to the Frontiers thereby to free Paris his Majesty having nothing more to do seeing he had already publish'd a General Amnesty and such an one as the most seditious could not find what more to adde to it for their security and less to pretend that it should be registred at Paris seeing that it was done publickly in the Parliament at Pontorse so that his Majestie having anticipated all that the Duke desired of him without any reservation there remained nothing but that he on his side should perform his Promises And that therefore his Request for Passports was superfluous and from the purpose because it tended to no other end but to gain time till the Spanish Troops commanded by the Duke of Wirtenberg were drawn near Paris to joyn with those at the Prince of Conde and to amuse the people whilst that another
with Restriction of the Council to the plurality of Voices he was confirmed in this determination by the Prince of Conde who by the Authority he had above the other Counsellors imagined to turn and wind all at his pleasure wherefore the Councel of Mazarine for the uncontrolled Authority of the Queen conformable to the examples of former Regencies remained fruitless That which only remained to settle the Kings minde was to have an assurance that the Cardinal would not return into Italy after his death wherefore having earnestly besought him never to abandon his sons importun'd him to a direct promise as likewise the Queen not to permit him upon any pretext whatsoever to quit the Affairs and to engage him the more he was pleased that he should answer for the Dauphine at the Holy Font in Quality of Godfather together with the Princess of Conde confessing that he did it more straitly to oblige him to his sons service His Majestie well knowing the need he should have of him in his unripe years The King dead it seemed not convenient to the Queen to suffer that Authority to be retrenched in such manner which other Queens had enjoyed freely wherefore she permitted her self to be perswaded against the sense and counsel of the Cardinal to make the Parliament annul the Will of her late husband which Mazarine foreseeing would prove a mortal blow to the State and highly prejudicial to the Regent her self did not only forbear to appear in Parliament but likewise prepared himself to retire which was by no means assented to by the Queen who having the Authority of the Regency confirmed to her not only assured him of an entire confidence but engaged him also to remain minding him of his promise made to the King never to depart from his children and notwithstanding the great oppositions made against Mazarine by the enemies of Richlieu and by the disaffected he carried himself so well that in a short time he engrossed all Affairs The Bishop of Beauvais whom the Queen had added to the Councel where in those few days of his direction all things were fallen into disorder being excluded On the contrary Mazarine entred upon the business of the Kingdom with very lucky beginnings when many important considerations would have been enough to have discomposed the stoutest mind in so dangerous a condition of so Infantine a Minority The unquiet nature of the French desirous of Novelties easie to be drawn into sedition the Court full of turbulent spirits many prisoners set free many returned from their exile others who before for their rebellious attempts durst not so much as shew their heads now so arrogant as to pretend a share in the Government The Parliament depressed and discontented desirous to recover their lustre and dilate their power The Provinces oppressed by the grievances of a long War more inclined to disloyalty then obedience the Princes disposed to the most desperate attempts to make their advantage of these Conjunctures the people animated to shake off so weighty a yoke The apprehension not ill grounded that the Confederates of France fearing the unstable Resolution in a womans Regency and for their own proper Interests were ready to relinquish their former Union And lastly all the Concerns of the Crown threatning on all hands fear and terror Yet nothing could dismay the courage of the Cardinal resolved to despise all danger for the Royal service He applied himself suddenly to strengthen and conserve the external and internal vigour of the Kingdom And procured in the first place to confirm the Confederates in their Adherence to the Crown writing to all with such assuredness of the stability of the Regency in the established mutual Union and with such motives of honour and profit to themselves that he easily confirmed them in their Confederations thus in that beginning was established to the Crown the Amity of the Swedes of the Duke of Savoy of the Langrave of Hesse of the States of Holland of the Catalonians and of the Portugals a League which rendred the Power of France so much the stronger and feared and which at last did so much cooperate to the Conclusion of the Peace And secondly considering that intestine evils are most dangerous and aptest to destroy the Individual and foreseeing how much Civil discords do indamage a State he placed all his care to preserve the Peace of the Kingdom by uniting the Royal Family which was easily brought to pass for some years To handsel the Regency with some egregious deed he propounded and against the opinion of every one undertook the Siege of Teonville a place of great importance which happily succeeding he gained great commendation Frieburg afterward being attacqued by the Army of the Elector of Baviere with manifest danger to be lost he opportunely provided to relieve it causing the Queen to command the Duke of Anguien to joyn speedily his Troops to those of Mareschal Turenne and to bring timely succours which succeeded prosperously by which means not only the possession of that City was kept which had already capitulated but also other considerable Conquests were acquired The French Armies passing beyond the Rhine the Danube and the Lech and the Duke d' Anguien having gained a singular victory they over-ran Spire Ghermensain Landau Bindemo Cronach and Magonza By like advantages in those parts the Confederates were got in a condition to lend their helping hand at any time of need who by making themselves Master of a great part of Franconia and Suevia they became much stronger then their enemies but chiefly by the taking of Hoilbrun yet an Imperial City of very grear importance confirmed to them by the Treaty of the Truce concluded at Ulme with the Elector of Bavaria He cooperated afterward to the Peace of Munster and quickly saw it concluded with notable advantages to the Crown of France to which he establish'd the possession of both the Alsatia's and the two very strong places of Brijac and Phillipsburg near the Rhine opening a Pass into Germany at their pleasure By this Peace there did accrew to France the three Bishopricks of Metz Tul and Verdun and by the creating Metz a Parliament heretofore found a matter of much difficulty firmly established the controverted Jurisdiction of them with an absolute and perpetual possession ratified by the Emperor and the several Orders of the Empire The cares of the Cardinal were not restrained to these Expeditions only but at the same time he was likewise intent upon the Caballs of the Cabinet finding himself compelled by the Court-Intrigues to apply himself to extinguish in the beginning every spark of Civil trouble and oft-times to ward his own life from the treacheries of his enemies By this his care he saved himself from the Conspiracy contrived against him by the Duke of Beaufort who thinking the Cardinal an obstacle against his high designes by the occasion of a certain Collation which the Count of Chavigny had prepared for the Queen at the Castle of
of Conde it not seeming decent to the Greatness of the King who was Master not to be able to have near him such as he liked best And albeit any other consideration might require that the Cardinal should continue out of the Kingdom the pretensions of the Parlement and the Frondeurs were sufficient that to confound them the contrary should be done by which means the Soveraign Authority independant from all other might shine with greater lustre and not to permit so scandalous an Example that the Servants should impudently give Law to their Master These Reasons were fomented by the first President more then any other being no friend to Chasteauneuf and alienated from the Prince for having no greater passion then that of his service to his King He had a principal part in this resolve sufficiently knowing the need that they had in Court of a prime Minister thoroughly inform'd of all the Affairs of the Kingdom The President was called to Poictiers with the Marquess of Vieville The Parisiens and the Parlement regretted their departure so much the more by how much they knew it prejudicial to their Party that a person of so high estimation had totally given himself up to the Kings Interest and the Cardinals Chasteauneuf for this cause not being able to make good his Maxim he took himself to those Arts which were suggested to him by his many years experience in the Affairs and Interests of the Court. To disturb then Mazarine's return he writ to the Sieur de Fremont Secretary to the Duke of Orleans to dispose his Master to come to Court because by his presence giving countenance and support to them that opposed the Cardinal he should easily prevail to hinder the designs of those that adhered to him But the Coadjutor on the contrary foreseeing that the Duke would be quickly brought about to the Queen and instead of opposing would condescend to her satisfaction he opposed the counsel of Chasteauneuf and with great sagacity diverted the journy of His Royal Highness who had undertaken it if instead of writing to Fremont he had writ to the Count of Chavigny and the Secretary Goulas In that interim the Mareschal de Hoquincourt had rendezvouz'd his Troops about Laon to joyn with the Cardinal who was ready with others under his pay to enter into France wherefore having agreed to meet about Derlans and Espernay upon the Marne in the beginning of January the Mareschal began to move the 18th of December and the Cardinal leaving his Nieces at Sedan advanced likewise toward Espernay with 5000 chosen fighting men and there calling a Council of War it was concluded that the Mareschal with 1000 Horse should secure the Passes on the Rivers Aube and Sene which he accordingly did passing luckily without any opposition by l' Anglure and l' Aube and crossed the Sene at Mery where the Regiments of Horse and Foot under the command of the Sieur de St. Mor joyned with him and receiving intelligence that the Duke of Orleans had sent out four Companies to Pont sur Sonne Hoquincourt charged them routed some Horse which infested the road to Sens and compelled the Sieur de Morandiere Commander of the Dukes men to quit his Post and retire It was thought that the Princes did not do all their endeavour to hinder this return for perceiving that their Affairs were in a most desperate condition the whole Kingdom concurring in favour of the King they knew that nothing could keep them from their last tottering but some new pretext that might give an honest colour to their Cause and retard the Subjects from the assistance which they contributed to their Soveraign And it was suspected that instead of providing to defend the Passes with some competent Forces which they might sooner have gathered together they delayed so long till the Cardinal was far advanced into the Kingdom and it was believed that not onely the Princes that were in Paris promoted this design but that it was also secretly fomented by the Prince of Conde it being known that he had made Gourville and others to sollicit the Cardinal to undertake his return to Court hoping that this would serve him either for a pretext to justifie his proceedings or for an occasion to piece with him because he had rather have to do with Mazarine then with Chasteauneuf The thoughts in the mean time of the Coadjutor were to induce the Duke of Orleans to frame a third Party of Male-contents and Enemies to Mazarine which perhaps might be seconded by the Courtiers that were averse to him and therefore he used all industry to make the plot succeed imagining that the Queen being intimidated by the Duke more firmly adhering to Conde she would be necessitated to keep the Cardinal further off in which case Orleans uniting himself to the Interest of the Court and fortifying himself with the Troops of Lorrain he should totally ruine the Prince But the Count of Chavigny and the rest of Conde's friends kept Orleans firm making him understand that he could not sustain himself but by uniting with the Prince and though they should not fully make sure of him they hoped at least to prevent him by closing with the Court in which case he would hardly be able to uphold himself In the interim the Duke of Nemours coming to Paris confirmed in the name of the Prince of Conde the Treaty with Orleans and the result was for the keeping out of the Cardinal and to make peace with Spain The news being spread in Paris of Orders given out by the King different to his former Declarations it is not to be imagined how the contrary Spirits were enraged yet they could do no more then make a noise so long as the Kings Authority was prevalent in the Kingdom but however the Cardinal was thwarted by the one side yet he was animated by the other for the Parlement of Brittain being sollicited by that of Paris to frame a like Ordinance in favour of the Princes against the Cardinal they ordered quite contrary that all Proceedings against him should be suspended till the Prince returned to his duty and the Spanish Troops were departed the Kingdom The Tumults of the Frondeurs continuing the Parlement decreed to proceed to the sale of the Cardinals goods and not to ratifie the Kings Declaration against the Prince till that against the Cardinal had first taken effect from whence it behoved that he should again quit the Kingdom if they meant that the Parlement should pass the Declaration They had many Consultations great in appearance but weak in substance and some Overtures to the King succeeded them The Court talked in ambiguous terms and amused them still with hopes because Time which ripens all things they hoped would also maturate the bitterness of the turbulent minds The Queen afterward sent to exhort the Duke of Orleans to retire from Paris to remove the umbrage that they had of him but the design succeeded not and increased the distrust
him that the world might know that he was Master The Parisiens the day following had another general Assembly and selected some Deputies to desire their Majesties to remove the Cardinal further off and to return to Paris but it was to no purpose the Court standing firm in their resolution not to sully the Royal Authority endeavouring to gain time and to keep Paris Neutral that they might not supply the contrary Party with Men and Money of which they stood in need enough The Princes and the Parlement on the other side studying to maintain themselves in the Peoples favour did not omit to imploy all their industry to stir up the people against the Kings Ministers and because it was necessary to keep afoot the commerce of Paris to hinder the Kings Army from passing the Sene they made some Levies which joyn'd with some other Troops of the Princes to scower the neighbouring Campania The Army of the Princes possest themselves of the Country of Estampes situated betwixt Orleans and Paris where they found a great quantity of Corn and here they intended to abide and fortifie themselves with hopes by maintaining this Post to keep Paris and Orleans faithful which was the main scope of all While the Kings Army lay quarter'd at Chartres and thereabouts they cast themselves into Estampes with their Lieutenants Generals for the Prince and the Dukes of Nemours and Beaufort were gone to Paris where they staid to make sure of the Frondeurs and their Party a good part of whom desiring the Kings return hearkened willingly to the Treaties that thereupon were had about the entry and reception of His Majesty who if at that instant he had frankly shewn himself he would have been received with all joyfulness and applause and the Princes and their Party chased away since the Citizens were at last weary of these hurly-burlies but nothing was done the King not daring to venture himself on the peoples instability nor willing to let the Cardinal depart as he often pressed to take away all pretext from the Male-contents The Kings Army besieged that of the Princes in Estampes where followed divers skirmishes and amongst the rest a very bloudy one in possessing themselves of the Suburbs The Court fixed at St. Germains and here the first Deputation which was sent was in the name of the Duke of Orleans and the Prince of Conde who dispatched thither the Count de Chavigny the Secretary Goulas and the Duke de Rohan Chabot Chavigny was for the Prince Goulas for Orleans and Chabot for both At first they declared that they would not treat with the Cardinal but this was only a shew for they had secret order to see him and to seek all ways to come to an Agreement with him with a firm resolution to gain him to their particular interests supposing that he to continue in France and in his Ministry would easily condescend to their pretensions They were secretly in the Cardinals Cabinet treated with him and Chavigny a person of great worth propounded to the Cardinal to make an entire Agreement with the Prince by granting him four Demands One was to make the Count d' Ognon Duke and Peer the Count de Marsin a Mareschal of France the Prince of Conty Governour of Provence and the Prince himself Plenipotentiary for the General Peace To the two first the Cardinal did comply because they simply concerned only honourable titles But the Government of Provence and the Plenipotentiary of the Peace he did wholly reject declaring he would never consent that for his particular interest the Kings Authority and Service should be prejudic'd This Deputation was of huge prejudice to the Princes because it was made in a time that the Parliament and the Parisiens were more incensed against the Cardinal and when all the Sovereign Courts had deliberated to require his removal and that the Commonalty of Paris were of the same mind in a time that the Duke of Orleans and the Prince had declared in Parliament that for a general satisfaction they desired nothing but the banishment of the Cardinal so that the people seeing them act against such express Declarations from thence forward they were not a little jealous of their carriage and many that were very well inclined towards them began to be more wary in their proceedings which was afterward one of the principal causes of their fall In the neck of this Deputation the Deputies of the Parliament appear'd at St. Germains with their Remonstrances to their Majesties about giving the Cardinal his Congé against whom the President Nesmond spake with great liberty The King heard them with much civility and afterward told them that he was very well informed of the good intentions of the Parliament and wish'd that they were as well perswaded of his That he would confer with his Privy Council and in three days they should understand his will with such words and general termes concluding nothing the Deputies return'd to Paris The same day those sent from the Chamber of Accounts and Court of Aids had Audience and the Answer was the same he gave the Parliament also the Provost of Merchants the Sheriffs the Attorney-General the City-Notary and others deputed from the Communalty presented themselves before his Majestie representing to him the unhappy state of his Subjects and of the necessity of dismissing the Cardinal the sole cause of all the distasts and differences The Keeper of the Seals answer'd that his Majestie was assured of the good affection of the City of Paris and to satisfie them he intended to return thither so soon as the Passes should be open and this he said to give them a wipe that in the same time they made these Addresses they endeavored to hinder his coming cutting off the Bridges of the Sene and Marne The King therefore not yielding to condescend to such licentious demands the Male-contents took occasion to exclaim against his Council who on the other side complaining of the Subjects Proceedings every thing went more and more into confusion and all the faults which indeed did concern onely a few interessed people and Male-contents were charged upon Mazarine against whom their hatred and fury not abating he was commonly called The root of all evil and The cause of all the miseries of that flourishing Kingdom which would have been more unhappy wanting the protection of the Cardinal and the power of the Princes and of the Parlement increasing if the Kings Authority had been diminished which the more independent and absolute the more profitable to Subjects who are always most miserable where there are most Masters The Parliament Assembled to hear the Answers that the Deputies brought from Court where were present the Duke of Orleans and the Prince of Conde with all the chief of the Faction when the News came that the Royallists were assaulting the Bridge of St. Cloud defended by a little Fort whereupon the Prince of Condé mounting suddenly on Horseback with several Gentlemen and above eight
in the mind to obey the Kings Orders The Princes without answering any thing retired judging their Party not strong enough to make them determine on the Union which they desired and coming out of the Parquet so is the Tribunal or place rail'd in where the Lords sit called to accompany the Duke and the Prince the Mareschal was presented by an impertinent fellow with a posie of straw with which sawciness being much incens'd turning himself briskly told him that if it were not for the respect he bore to his Royal Highness he would cause him presently to be thrown out at the window and hang'd upon a Gibbet The Princes going out said that place was full of Mazarines who had a mind to prolong and gain time which occasion'd so great a commotion that the Souldiers of the Princes and the seditious people fell to discharge against the windows and doors Some Officers of the Princes to give countenance to this business had appointed several Musquettiers with their Leaders who having attempted in vain to raise a tumult in some other parts of the City came at last to this place mingling themselves with the people One of the people that stood upon the steps of the Cross in the midst of the place happened in this time to be kill'd by a shot whether by chance or on purpose which much more increas'd their rage and fury every one beginning to cry the Mazarines had made that shot and therefore they ought to kill them all menacing those that were within the Town-house and in this hurly-burly many were heard to cry Union Union and away with the Mazarines and all running with the straw in their Hats like so many possess'd with Furies they began to commit the accustomed insolencies that the indiscretion and bestiality of the rabble are wont to inspire The City-Companies that guarded the Town-house fled presently away which emboldning the seditious more and more they ran to fetch wood from the next boats and set fire to the great Gate endeavouring to get in to commit all the insolencies that blind passion could prompt them to In this danger the Mareschal and divers others undauntedly resolved rather to perish gloriously then to submit and save their lives weakly and dishonorably wherefore they prepared for a generous defence The Mareschal ordered them to make a Barricade of great Pieces of Timber above stairs at the entrance of the great Hall that looks into the Court which was defendde and maintain'd bravely by the Mareschals Guards He gave order likewise to spare their powder till night and in the mean time they should defend themselves with the stones of the pavement but at the same instant the great Gate being burnt and fallen down the seditious assaulted the Barricade where Blancart Commissary of the Princes Army received a mortal wound of which he died a little after with him some other Souldiers of the Princes were also slain While this pass'd the Prince of Conde was at the Palace of Orleans where having notice that the business went contrary to his intention which was to put them in fear but not to carry it on to extremity he intended to transport himself presently upon the place and making them by his Presence to cease the assault oblige those within to acknowledge their lives and safety from him But the Duke to whom it seemed not perhaps convenient that the Prince should hazard his person amongst that mad rabble or whether he thought it not expedient he should gain the good-will of the Citizens by that generous action and himself to bear all the hatred detain'd him by force and in no wise would not permit him to go out of his house so that to his great discontent he was constrain'd to remain quiet Many in this while seeing the imminent danger and excited by fear desiring to get out of the Palace attempted to make their way thorow the thickest of the people several of them were kill'd but some had the good fortune to save themselves without hurt The Duke of Beaufort and the Marquess de la Bollay who were in a house near by issuing out call'd aloud to some of the Assembly by their names saying he came to bring Peace and free them from the danger they were in The Mareschal believing this to be only a trick to get out those of the Princes Party and leave the rest to the discretion of the peoples fury sent to ask him if there was safety and with a constant and stout mind declar'd that they would all have their lives or all perish together The Assault lasted from five a Clock in the Evening till ten at night at which time the Mareschal going to the Barricade found it abandon'd and his Guards retired upon the false report spread that he had made his escape The people thereupon entred sack'd every thing and stript all they met who were glad to part with their cloaths to save their lives The Mareschal not knowing how to get out without being discover'd took the opportunity to put himself among the people and so passed into the next Chamber He had given the Order of the Holy Ghost to one of his Pages to keep and chang'd Hats with him and having on a Coat of a dark colour stood in the midst of them that blaspheming and raging with madness sought him every where and by the Address of a friend of his that call'd him by another name he got safe out At last Madamoiselle being moved to pity for so great a Massacre with her wonted generosity though it was three houres within night went to the Town-house and took along with her the Duke of Beaufort where she quieted the tumult and caused those of the Assembly to pass out safe and unhurt to her great commendation The Confusions and Cruelties committed in this Action served only to put the Prince of Conde in the ill opinion of the Parisiens whence as the second of July was the day of Triumph and height of his glory in that City so the fourth following was the impulsive cause of his fall being the Parisiens could never be got to contribute any money nor to come to an open rupture with the Court complaining generally of the Princes who to abate the ill esteem and to disguise as much as they could the part they had which was very considerable in this deliberation they imprisoned two Complices of the sedition who were also executed The 6th of the same month the Assembly was called again to the Town-house but few went and for all the entreaties the Duke of Orleans made sending thither even his own Swisse Guards none appeared but some few dependents of the Princes The Prevost of Merchands sent to declare that he should come no more to the Councils nor publick Assemblies till the Kings Authority was re-established wherefore Orleans substituted the Counsellor Brussel in that Charge making him take his Oath in forme and the Mareschal de l' Hospital being no more to exercise
were banished the Governour the Prevost of the Merchants the Deputy and others compell'd to flie away to secure their own lives in whose room the Authors of these attempts for their recompence were placed new Sheriffs were made contrary to the Kings Prohibition Taxes laid upon the goods of the Citizens and people whilst those of the Villages and Countrey were sack'd and plundred with all temerity and insolence That his Majesty had done all things possible even to the prejudice of his own honour to restore them to their former liberty and to preserve them from the miseries of the War granting the Princes leave honourably to lay down their Armes and return to their obedience but they instead of resting quiet had called together an Assembly of the Body of the City the chief of which were without title or legal character this to delude the people with a pretence of desiring peace at the same time that themselves refused it declaring that they could not accept of the Conditions offered them whenas there were no others then the very same they had demanded that far from any thoughts of laying down their Arms they had caused a part of the Spanish Army to draw near to Paris to which they had joyned their own troops with design to maintain their usurped Authority and to share betwixt the enemy and themselves the goods of the poor subject That they had put a sinister interpretation upon those deliberations which the King had made and did still make to preserve the lives of his Officers and Magistrates by getting them out of their hands That he lived in greatest impatiency till he saw a possibility of restoring that Noble City to her ancient splendour to that plenty enjoy'd in the first years of his Reign the Trade there and the Parliament re-establish'd and to honour it with His Royal Presence not only for his own content but also for the satisfaction of all his obedient subjects That in the mean time His Majesty would be much satisfied that a good number of Officers and Inhabitants did come to him but considering that the Body of the City was over-powered guided and compos'd by the Adherents to the Princes who came contrary to the ordinary custom into the Assembly held on the fifth of that moneth to hinder that nothing else should be concluded on but what contributed fewel to the War having by such designs turned away all good resolutions which might have been taken there to oblige the Princes to lay down their Arms and return to their duty he neither could nor ought to authorize that which was determin'd in their Presence particularly in the presence of the Duke of Beaufort and Counsellor Brussell principal Authors of all these disorders without offending for ever the publick liberty and security He did therefore declare the aforesaid Assembly null invalid and unlawful and consequently could not grant the Passports which were demanded for them whom they had deputed but free leave should be given to any particular men which were dispos'd to come and see him whether they were Magistrates lawfully established in their Charges or other publick Officers Citizens Companies of Merchants or Inhabitants of the City who should be courteously heard upon all matters which they would represent De Pietre who had been sent by the Assembly being return'd with this Answer to Paris where the troubles daily more and more encreasing not only by the Commerce being interrupted but also by the damage done to the countrey round about which was made a spoil to both Armies with insupportable licentiousness especially of the Lorrainers and Germans who because they were strangers thought they might do any thing though never so extravigant the Parisiens understood how nigh their total and irrecoverable ruine did approach Especially considering that the time of sowing and the Vintage was very near wherefore they began more openly and with greater heat fomented continually by the ingenious Artifices of Mazarine to renew the Negotiation with the Court by the means of Cardinal de Retz of the Marquess de Chasteauneuf and other persons who desired no less the fall of Mazarine then the destruction of Conde The Duke of Orleans shewing himself of the same opinion and wearied with these disorders being a Prince of a very good disposition and an enemy to violence beside the often repeated Promises of his good intention to the Peace promoted by the endeavours of the Duke d' Anville and others he wrote to the Queen the 20. of September in these terms That having understood with great comfort by the Marquess Joyeuse Lambert the favourable inclination of her Majesty towards the peace he thought himself obliged to assure her by these lines that he also together with the Prince of Conde did passionately desire it and although the first subject of their Requests which they made to Heaven ought to be the good of the State yet he did protest with sincerity that the inclination which he hath always had to honour her Majesty which was one of the principal Reasons and that there could never any thing happen which should upon any account ever alter that zeal any respect with which he declared himself her most obedient Servant At the same time the Court of Aids through the secret management of Mazarine found an expedient to assemble at Pontoise in conformity to the Kings order The Kings good subjects in the mean-while did not cease to contrive how to draw themselves out of these troublesom disturbances The Bishop of Amiens and others having made palpably evident to their friends and those that knew the state of Affairs the necessity of some ready and fit resolution to restore to Paris the splendour of the Kings Authority obscured and damaged by the pretensions of the Princes and the artifices of the Enemies to the publick good the 24th of September they held an Assembly of between four and five hundred persons in the Palace Royal where the Counsellour Prevost appeared who was in perfect intelligence with Cardinal Mazarine and consequently with the Court he presented them a Letter of the Kings in which he declared that His Majesty had a very great desire to come to Paris but that he ought not to return so long as there were Seditious Governours he proposed therefore that all those who were faithful Citizens should take Arms throw away the Straw stick Paper in their Hats go out into the Streets and cry Vivele Roy and with one accord seise upon the principal places of the City drive out the disturbers and fall upon as many as should oppose this design this being done the King would then soon return The chief Heads and principal Authors of this Company after the aforementioned Bishop of Amiens Father Bertaut and the Counsellour Prevost who had all the secret and ordering of this Affair in their hands were the Sieur Barby Controller of the Kings Houshold who drew after him many of the people about the Gates of Monmartre and
he ended this Answer with a demand which he made them to try their good intentions and as a business most necessary which was That the Inhabitants would re-establish in their Offices the Governour the Prevost of the Merchants and the Sheriffs who had been turned out Which being done his Majestie would presently send Orders to be observed in the Town-house assuring the six Companies of Merchants of his entire satisfaction good-will and Protection The Princes the Parliament and the whole Faction were very much disturbed at this Message and as they clearly saw that those of Paris had changed their minds and most earnestly sought for Peace which was not a little destructive to their designs they applied themselves with all industry to finde out means to overcome the Kings Army by force of Arms and make themselves Masters of the Field esteeming this the only way to maintain themselves in Paris while it remain'd deprived of that support which on all occasions it might deceive from the Kings troops But to return to Mazarine who arriving at Sedan and from thence Bovillon out of the Kingdom there wanted not persons who interposed for the adjusting at least of the Duke of Orleans with the Court. The Cardinal de Retz and the Marquess of Chasteauneuf promising to themselves that if once his Royal Highness should return to Court he might by degrees regain His Majesties favour and taking his place again in the Council they should not be left behind To this end with the consent of the Duke of Lorrain the Marquess of Saint Lambert was dispatch'd to the Court to begin the Negotiation But the Queen and the Kings Officers who were attent upon the return of Mazarine and their own security could in no wise consent that the Duke of Orleans a Confident of the Prince of Conde's and a Confederate of the Spaniards should meddle in the Government considering that if the Duke of Orleans with his followers and Adherents should insinuate themselves into the Affairs of the Kingdom there would be more danger then ever of diminishing the Kings Authority for the secure support whereof it is requisite that no Officer of State should depend upon any other then the King himself for these by diminishing the credit of others would endeavour to dispose of all things after their own fancies threatning whomsoever should oppose them to turn all things upside down again The Prince of Conde who was engaged with the Duke of Orleans by the Promise of Marriage between his Royal Highness his Daughter and the Duke of Anguien and thought he went hand in hand with him although he was left out of the Treaty might in time also have made his Peace with those advantages himself desired and the Duke of Orleans had promised Mazarine therefore making prudent reflexions upon considerations so nice who though far from the Court yet directed all things was very sensible how inconsiderate advice this must be that exposed the Government to the will and discretion of others which under an absolute Monarch will admit of no Companion These Affairs being thus on foot the Princes and the Parliament stood much upon the Point that the Act of Oblivion granted by the King did not contain a full abolition and pardon of what had been done in the last five years past nor was expressed in those termes which were desired viz. in general and without conditions but served only for the inhabitants of Paris with design that if they were once satisfied not to matter much the Princes and Parliament They urged therefore that the King ought to give full and irrevocable Authority to the Duke of Orleans to forme another without any exceptions to be ratified in the Parliament of Paris where the Counsellors gone to Pontoise ought to appear and this to be done in the Presence of the King himself for this cause the Parliament met often some Letters were writ by the Duke of Orleans the Duke d' Anville and the Marquess of St. Lambert negotiated with the Kings Council and many things were done the particular relation of which would be too tedeous But Cardinal Mazarine knowing how prejudicial this would be to the Kings Authority by his Advice the granting of Pass-ports was absolutely denied to those deputed by the Parliament already declared invalid holding firm to their first resolutions so that Affairs remained in the same posture as at first each party endeavouring to uphold their own opinions The third of October the Parliament in Paris being assembled to hear what News the Marquess of St. Lambert brought from the Court two Watermen were laid hold of who cried aloud God bless the King and Cardinal Mazarine and were seconded by many others they were led to the prison of Conciergery and Order given to draw up their Indictment as also against divers others who cried the same in several streets of Paris giving out that such kind of Fellows were set on by some that gave them money on purpose to move the people to sedition This News being brought to Court and besides that the Parliament continued to proceed against some of those who met at the Assembly in the Palace-Royal the King with the Advice of His Council passed a Decree upon the fifth of October by which he cancell'd and annull'd all the aforesaid pretended proceedings informations and orders published or to be published imposing severe penalties upon the Commissioners or Judges that should proceed any further commanding all the Inhabitants of Paris to execute His Majesties Orders and Commands In the mean time the Kings Army was at Villeneufue St. George much streightned and pressed hard upon by the Troops of the Princes and their Confederates who were superior in number and in danger either to be forced as they lay or set upon in their retreat seeing that for want of provisions and forage many both men and horses died This troubled the Court very much and above all Mazarine who was the cause that the Army put themselves in that place and doubted some sinister event the winning of the day consisting in keeping the Kings Army near Paris by which means those Practices were fomented which were managed by the Cardinals directions in that City in favour of the King The Princes who understood the importance of this business and that if the Kings Army should preserve themselves all their designs were ruined omitted nothing either to overcome them or reduce them by famine and sufferings to the utmost despair but the nearness and delights of Paris together with the sickness which hapned to the Prince of Conde Wirtemberg and many other of the Principal Commanders which may be truly attributed to an effect of the Divine Providence was the break-neck of their party but besides the sickness of these Princes the Dukes of Lorrain and Beaufort and most of the other Chief Officers with a considerable number of the best Souldiers were also in the City as well for the suspicion they had that the Citizens might rise
as to see what was most expedient to be done in this wavering condition of the inconstant people and tired out by the long continuance of these disturbances Mareschal Turenne a no less prudent then valiant Captain stood always vigilant to observe those moments which opportunely taken bring great advantage to those who know how to make use of them in Warre and being advertised of all that past after a short Conference with his Colleague the Mareshal de la Ferte Seneterre he resolved to get out of these streights and bring his Army into a securer place and more proper for their subsistence Having caused therefore the Baggage and Artillery to pass over the Sene October 4. in the night upon the Bridges of Boats which he had there at break of day he discamped with such order and silence that the Army was got over before they were discovered by the Enemies Sentinels There was no other General-Commander left in the other Camp but the Count de Tavannes who perceiving though late the March of Turenne caused presently to sound to Horse and put his Army in order to follow him and fight him But the Mareschal continuing his march under covert of the River quickly arrived at Corbeil a place held by the King where passing the Sene over the Stone-bridge very happily and to his great reputation he withdrew himself from all danger and encamped upon the River Marne between Meaux and Lagny getting provisions for his Army from all the neighbouring Country and observing the motion of the Enemy with so much advantage to His Majesties Interest that this action becoming a great and experienced Commander was acknowledged to be the saving of the Kings Party and one of the most celebrated acts of this Prince and true Master of the art of War This blow brought extraordinary confusion and astonishment to the Princes particularly to the Prince of Condé who shewed himself very much grieved at the negligence of his Officers reproching Tavannes as if he had lost his sense of Hearing saying If he had been well so favourable an occasion should never have escaped his hands but there being no help for things past and Fortune changing being weary of staying in the midst of Confusion and so many different Humours upon the 7th following the whole Army of the Princes drew up at the end of the Suburbs of S. Anthony and encamped near to the Castle of Vincennes to keep Paris in awe The King and Court were already come to Mantes to pass the Sene the Bridges of Poissy and Meulan being broken down and so to go forwards to S. Germain with intent to enter into Paris when Affairs should be brought to that pass to which they seemed to tend every day more and more The Parisiens were resolved to free themselves of these miseries before they were irrecoverable Wherefore following one anothers example and concurring in the same mind as Fortune abandon'd the Princes so they inclin'd more and more to the Kings side The Prince of Conde therefore perceiving that the tempest which threatned him was near at hand and began to provide for his own safety his Armies by withdrawing with all speed from Paris And because by his departure and the Kings return they foresaw the quiet of Paris and the recalling of Mazarine many strove to second the rising fortune of that Minister of State and even among the Princes own friends upon this turn of Fortune some changed their inclinations and in particular the Count de Chavigny Ever since the Cardinals return into France he had thoughts of closing with him considering that if his Enemies were not able to ruine him at a distance they would be less able to do it when he should appear at Court and be Master of all affairs Besides at this time the Coadjutor was made Cardinal his capital Enemy who might he feared be made chief Minister if Mazarine was kept out He resolved therefore to come to an agreement with Mazarine so as to oblige him and that his Authority might be limited He entered therefore upon a secret Treaty for adjusting the Prince with the Cardinal and replacing of Conde there seeming an apparent necessity of making use of him and that he might live quietly at Court they would find means that he should not only preserve his Fortune but increase it But as it is not always easie to walk streight between two Praecipices so in the end he found himself deceived in his Maxims on the one side while he thought himself secure on the other for whether it was that he was resolved to forsake the Prince as he was accused that he was not Loyal to his Interests or whether he would have necessitated him to make peace by persuading him that the Duke of Orleans would otherwise conclude it without him or whether indeed he preferred his own and the Courts Interest before the Princes he made the Abbot Fouquet believe to whom the Cardinal committed the management of this affair that if the Prince did not conclude the peace upon those terms which he thought reasonable he would so order it that the Duke of Orleans should quit his Party The Letter which Fouquet wrote to the Secretary Tillier to inform him of this was taken by one of the Prince's party and presently delivered into his hands who perceiving that his confidence was misplaced in Chavigny complain'd of it to persons who were not much Chavigny's Friends and that in terms injurious to his Reputation yet would not openly fall out with him The noise of this being divulged about Paris and increased by the malice of those who were engaged in the same disorders obliged Chavigny to justifie himself to the Prince at a Conference held between them from whence he came out so mortified and concerned for having dealt with a Prince after this manner from whom he had received such high Honours that returning to his house he threw himself in despair upon his bed and after a Feaver of six days encreased by the passions of his mind he died the 19th of October This was the end of Lion de Bouttilier Count de Chavigny in the 44th year of his age a person who for being related to the deceased Cardinal Richlieu was admitted into His Majesty's Council at 19 years old at 24 he was made Secretary of State and at 34 Minister of State had the care of the most important affairs of the Crown and after the death of Lewis XIII he was nominated Plenipotentiary for the Treaty of Munster a person of a quick Wit a haughty Spirit of a ready Judgment and covetous of Glory and Greatness to procure which he spared no Industry In the mean time the Parlement and the Assemblies at the Town-house met often upon the occurrent emergencies where all the well-wishers to the publick thought themselves obliged to deliver the poor Country people from the insolencies of the Souldiery and especially of the Lorrainers who destroyed and wasted every thing Upon
entred the Town and not the Mantuans But the Marquess of Caracena kept his word punctually with the Duke in all what he had promised in so much that his Highness thinking it convenient for the security of that place to put in a Garrison of German Souldiers he proposed to take in some of those which had served in the Spanish Army after they should be disbanded by the Spaniards and had taken an Oath of Allegiance to him but the Spaniard would not consent to it left there might be some suspicion of deceit in this neither would he suffer any of his to enter into the Town nor would he go himself but in Company of the Duke of Mantua who came thither a few days after The Savoyards not being able to relieve Casale assaulted and took Crescentino and would have obtained their desired intents if those of Montferrat had corresponded with them but they being very faithful to their Prince were assisting towards the Recovery of the Town The Duke of Mantua declared the French Plenipotentiaries that whensoever his Territory of Montferrat should be restored to its former estate and put peaceably into his hands without trouble or injury to the Treaty of Chirasco he would presently renounce the three thousand Crowns a month which the Empress was to give him for the paiment of the Garrison and maintain it at his proper charge without any ones help This his Highness did to take away all jealousie or pretence which the French might have upon this account though this was not his principal motive for it is certain that he had not the least imagination of letting this most noble place go out of his hands again which rendred him conspicuous to all Italy and made him esteemed by both Crowns and this was always the opinion of the Marquess de la Val. But these Declarations of the Dukes and his Agents availed little for things being diversly suggested at the Court of France suspicion had such force that they judged always sinisterly nor could the Kings Ministers of State rest satisfied after the loss of so important a place and which rendred their Authority so considerable to all Italy Most of the other Italian Princes grew jealous also that Casale should at length fall into the hands of the Spaniards and therefore lamented that the French had not provided against it in time which they said they might have done very easily if they had not busied themselves more in persecuting Cardinal Mazarine and overthrowing his Counsels then in taking care for the concerns of the Crown their Jealousies and Suspitions were also much more encreased by the report which went about that the Spaniards after they had driven the French out of Casale were in a close Treaty with the Court of Savoy soothing their chief Ministers with a belief that his Catholick Majesty would restore Vercelli drive the French from Pignerol and the Cittadel of Turin make up the differences with Mantua and perhaps espouse the Infanta to the Duke of Savoy by which insinuations they went about to gain that house and keeping the French beyond the Mountains restore Peace to Italy and their own Authority to its former splendour These Propositions were hearkned to by the Piemontesi who opened their ears with no little attention and the more by reason that they were fearful that whilst his Christian Majesty was involved in Civil Wars and not able to contribute to the defence of Piemont the Spaniards might make some considerable Progress so that if they should defer the remedy to another time it might so happen that they should find neither time nor remedy These Treaties cast a great cloud upon the Affairs of the Court of France The Cardinal particularly considering the Prejudices which the King might receive if the Spaniards after they had setled their Affairs in Italy should employ all their forces in Flanders and Catalonia he endeavored with all industry by the means of the Embassador Servient and the Abbot of Aille to keep the Savoyards in hopes of a speedy and certain care of their Affairs so that Mazarine being in great credit and strict friendship with the house of Savoy his word alone prevailed more then all other means to elude the Artifices of the Ministers of the but because the troubles at home permitted not at that time the effecting of those things which the necessity of affairs required he sought no further at present then to keep Piemont united with the Court by putting them in hopes of restoring into their hands Verva and Villeneufve d' Astinelle and of the Honour of treating their Embassadours for the future equal to those of Kings Besides these Honours the Count de Quincé General of the French Forces in Piemont was sent to them who arrived at Turin in December accompanied with a great number of Officers and Persons of Quality Mazarine who amongst these dangerous storms had saved the Kings Authority from imminent shipwrack made himself known to all the World for one of the most expert and undaunted Pilots that sails in the Ocean of Policy so soon as ever he saw the Whirlwindes of those commotions which had so furiously agitated the whole Kingdom allayed by the Presence of the King in Paris He applied himself with all sollicitousness to search out means proper not only to calm the intestine troubles but to raise up the trampled upon credit and reputation of the Regal Dignity Wherefore he judged it would be easier to render it esteemed and honoured by pardoning then by punishing This being the Cardinals constant Maxime to win upon the generous humour of the French Nation rather by gentle usage then by violence of Arms. He began therefore to treat with those who were most contumacious He was of opinion that the sole love of the King ought to be the Quintessence fit to nourish that Concord amongst subjects which is interrupted by nothing more then by the apprehensions of hatred and revenge He revived new Treaties and Propositions of Peace with the Prince of Conty with the Parlement of Bourdeaux with the Count d' Harcourt the Count d' Ognon and with all the other Princes and great Lords of high spirit He sent also an Intimate of his to negotiate closely with the Prince of Conde to pacifie him and remove him from the Spanish service offering him the Sovereignty of some state out of France but whether the Prince found himself too far engaged with the Catholick King or whether the Nobleness of his minde would not suffer him to be worse then his word without cause or apparent reason or whether he judg'd the dignity offered him inconsistent or moved with other reasons or regards the effect of these Propositions vanish'd The Prince declared that he had no ambition of Sovereignty but was contented with the honour which he had of being first Prince of the blood-Royal that he knew not how to trust him any more who under the pretence of friendship had deceived him nor could
Preparations for War the Cardinal in the first place caused several sums of money to be paid to the Colonels and Captains of the old Troops for their Recruits and Commissions to be given out for new Levies he thought it necessary likewise to entertain a Squadron of German Horse as Persons very proper for his Incampments and constant to the Party in which they engage to that end he dispatch'd the Count de Nantueil Monsieur Milet Monsieur Gontier Monsieur Gravelle and others into Germany with ready money as likewise the Counts de Grandprè and Beaujeu into the Countrey of Liege And because of the loss of Casal and the Preparations for War which the Spaniards made in the State of Milan where great Recruits were expected as well from Naples as Germany Piedmont was so dangerously threatned that the Duke of Savoy by his rieterated solicitations prest hard for considerable supplies or else to be permitted to enter into a Neutrality with Spain the Court of France dispatch'd into Piedmont 4500 Foot and 1500 Horse which arrived happily in the Month of May at Anone as an insorcement to the French Troops already in those parts under the Command of Count de Quincy till the Arrival of a Mareschal of France who was expected every day And because the Spaniard continued the Negotiations which were begun long before with the Duke of Savoy to gain him to their party or at least reduce him to a Neutrality by their advantageous Exhibitions to which a Minister of that Court appear'd to be inclin'd The King sent Monsieur de Plessis Besanzon his Lieutenant General with the Title of one of his Gentlemen to all the Princes of Italy to Negotiate about the present Affairs of those parts In execution therefore of his Orders Besanzon advanced with great diligence to Turin from whence Having assured the Duke that his Majesty would maintain the Treaty of Chirasco that he would defend Piedmont always protect that State and cause an Army with considerable Commanders to march immediately thither to that purpose he proceeded to Casal where he found the Duke of Mantua at that time and being receiv'd with the honours usually exhibited to the Kings Embassador he contracted his business into two Points One was that His Majesty should be satisfy'd about the interest of Casal and that that place should be put into a condition not to be surprized exchanged or fall any other way into the hands of the Spaniard The other was about the pretences the Ministers of Spain might make under the name of the said Duke of Mantua to Montferrat which was then in possession of Savoy forasmuch as His most Christian Majesty waâ— ready to deposit the sum contained in the Treaty of Chirasco for thâ— discharge of the House of Savo To these two Propositions the Duke replyâ—d That he esteem'd the coming of the said Monsieur du Plessis as a particular favour not doubting but he as a prudent person would apprehend the necessity which obliged him to possess himself of those places and be perswaded that by no accident whatever he should be alienated from that devotion which upon so many reasons and obligations his Highness profess'd to His most Christian Majesty so he hoped also on the Other side he would shew himself so courteous as to convince His said Majesty that he was resolved to hazard his own life and estate and the lives and estates of all his subjects before he would suffer the Spaniards or any other to make themselves Master of the said places That it might possibly be the money for the payment of the Garrison might come out of the Coffers of the King of Spain which yet was more then he knew but however he protested he receiv'd it as coming from the Empress his Aunt and her Sister under whose Authority that Treaty was concluded That whenever he should be repossess'd of that part of the estate which the House of Savoy with manifest injustice detein'd from him and might freely make use of those Rents as he had formerly done and as he had often protested against the Treaties which were never consented to by the House of Mantua as being too much to its prejudice he would maintain that Garrison himself without the assistance of any one and therefore he conceived in that respect it would have been more proper for him to have been sent to the Court of Savoy to have interpos'd his Majesties Authority there and caus'd them without further expostulation to have restor'd what so unjustly they detein'd then to address himself to his Highness who would be more ready to embrace ways of Amity and Peace then of Violence and War which he knew would disturb the quiet of all Italy so much desired and endeavoured by the House of Mantua which would clearly appear to whoever would impartially look back and consider who they were which did really interrupt it and at length he told him that he could not in reason accept of the sum he was offer'd seeing he had not only not consented to but oppos'd the aforesaid Treaties and besides the said sums would fall much short of what was due by reason of the advantages had been made of the rents of it since the House of Savoy had it in their hands Du Plessis had declar'd before both to the Duke and the Marquess de la Val his Highnesses prime Minister that they could not satisfie France any other way but by putting the affairs of Casal and Monferrat in the same condition they were in before his Highness made use of the Spaniards to cause the French to march out But perceiving by their Answers both by word of mouth and in writing that that instance was in vain and believing it would be sufficient for His Majesty considering the importance of the place if it were well fortified and provided with a Garrison independent on the Spaniards and able to keep them out upon any pretence whatsoever he propos'd that to satisfie those ends if it were possible That half the Garrison should consist of the subjects of the said Duke and the other half of Swisses raised in the Catholick Cantons That all of them should remain under the Command and Authority of his Highness That one half of them should be paid by His most Christian Majesty and the other half by the Princes and Potentates of Italy his Allies and such as were most interested in that Affair He considered this Expedient would be a great ease to the Dukes Treasures till a General Peace could be concluded betwixt the two Crowns upon such conditions as should be proper to draw his Highness out of the necessity in which he was at that time of taking money of the Spaniards which was a thing much to the dishonor of those who had so often defended that place against them and might at length produce inconveniences absolutely repugnant to the quiet and security of the said Duke and his subjects John Coexens Secretary to the Emperess
side from whence they had been formerly reliev'd The Count Marin was sent to possess himself of the Forts of Testa and Certes But though the Cardinal was not insensible that force was the most secure way of reducing that Town to obedience yet considering very prudently it was like to be the longest he began to think of some other way to bring them to a voluntary submission to which end he sent particular instructions The House of Espernon by a long residence in those parts having made many creatures and gain'd much upon the affections of the people contributed exceedingly to the Duke of Candale renewing his Practices with the well-affected Citizens in the Town By the help therefore of their Friends and Confidents there being several others dispos'd also to peace they esteem'd it convenient to take such measures as were most likely to succeed The throng of Countrey-people which were retir'd into the Town increas'd their scarcities very much the corn was conceal'd very dexterously in particular houses the building or repairing of their Mills neglected and the other Machines laid as on purpose out of the way so that their meal failing and the Bakers unable to furnish Bread for such a number of people that coming in great multitudes to receive their distributions began to believe that their necessities would be great and that it was therefore time to think rather of the publick safety then of their private interest Besides this the care and Government of the Hospitals was utterly left off and the poor people sent to their doors who were suppos'd to be the most concern'd in the Continuation of the War and this was done that by their miserable clamours and importunitys they might be brought to consider that not being longer able to contend with those calamities their best way would be to moderate the Obstinacy which caused them The sight of these Troops of poor creatures sighing and begging at their gates who where esteem'd the authors of the War had a wonderfull influence to dispose them to peace whilest they began to feare least those very poor people of whom they had made use for raising those desturbances should fall uppon them and pillage their houses It was also proposed to the Religious orders to expose the Holy Sacrament in all the Churches of the Towne veiled with black to signify that God Almighty was displeas'd with and detested that Rebellion But the Counsellors of Parliament and the Princes suffer'd it to be expos'd in the great Church only to imply that they desired of God a General peace which was the pretence they made vse of to foole and delude the poor people In this kind of destraction they continued till Wednesday the 9th of July 1653. Upon which day after divers private conferences several Marchants mett publickly upon the Exchange and declared it was high time for them to shutt up their Shops seeing they were not like to have any more Trading during the Wars The Prince of Conty having private intelligence of these Murmurs made a publick Cavalcade thorow the City but went no further The next day a certain person call'd de Bas being by his Order apprehended for crying out Peace Peace before the Palace of Judicature all the Neighbouring quarter took up armes and demanded to have him released This de Bas had private Consultations with a conventual Minim call'd Friar Romein who holding correspondence with the Count d' Autenil shew'd a certain writing to several Citizens which he said was from the Prince of Conty wherin he gave them liberty to meet to give him advice of what passed relating to his party but this Affair had another intent for the Friers design was to discover by this means which were the Kings good and bad subjects and the good Citizens perceiving it they proceeded reservedly in communicating things of importance to the Friar The reputation therefore this de Bas had in the common opinion was the cause the Citizens were so obstreporous for his enlargement as to threaten a Commotion without immediate satisfaction The Prince of Conty and Marsin with the greatest part of the Nobility and Officers in the Town got on Horseback forthwith the City-Companies whose Captains for the most part were of the Faction of the Olmiere were commanded to their Arms but the Butchers led up by one Gilbert and Master Isaac arm'd with Musquetoons and other weapons cried out for Peace and that if any one had any particular disgust he should revenge himself with his own hands as he could and not endanger the Lives of the whole City A Hollander that had House and Family in the City told Marsin to his face that they knew how to die but not unreveng'd and that their deaths would not trouble them so they died free-men At this being all amazed it was concluded that all the Olmeisti should meet in the Town-house after dinner where several things were propos'd and the plurality of Voices concurr'd in this to assault the Citizens inhabiting the Quarter towards Rochel and the New-street and to bring down the great Guns against them The Prince of Conty was of a contrary opinion and thought it better to expect the judges and Consuls of the City who were coming to beg of him with great submission that he would not suffer the good Citizens of the Town to be abus'd and ruin'd in compliance with the Olmieri who were about him and had threatned to plunder their houses The Merchants appeared before him and intreated for Peace as the only probable way to prevent greater disorders The Prince reply'd That he would not subject any body by compulsion though it was easie for him to do it but if they would remain constant to the service of his Brother the Prince of Condy and himself he would protect them and their interest and by their unanimity all the difficulties would easily be overcome which their dissentions increased and rendred past Remedy and that he would advise with his Counsel what was best to be done in this Affair During these tumults at Bourdeaux the Count de Fiesco had his Dispatch at the Court of Spain and imbarking in a Frigat at St. Sebastian he arrived at the Port Testa di Bus where at his landing he found all the Citizens in Arms for the Kings and had much ado to escape but his Ship remain'd at the discretion of those Bores who took it and all that was in it making use of their Artillery against the Forts of la Teste de Bus and Sertes which were Garrison'd by the Princes Souldiers to keep open the passage for those that went and came from Spain To these Countrey-men the Count Marin joyn'd with 600 Foot with which recruit in five or six days both those Posts were taken The Count de Fiesco arriving at Bordeaux the twelfth of July went immediatly to the Town-house with the Prince of Conty where with great Rhetorick he magnify'd the power and greatness of the King of Spain and
Ministers of the Prince of Condy the Assemblies of the Merchants were upon the Exchange as a place most commodious more frequent then formerly in respect the Town-house was taken up by the Counsel of the Olmiera and the Palace where they keep the Court of Justice by the Frondeurs Lenet went twice to speak with them to sowe division amongst them insinuating that he himself approv'd of what they did so it were without the intervention of the Advocates and other persons of the Courts of Justice who being always for their own interest would ascribe all the honour to themselvs and leave only the trouble for them To others he inculcated their own interest the strength of the Prince of Condy and his affection to the City so that partly by terror partly by diffidence and partly with hopes he endeavor'd to gain them all But all this artifice could not prevent the meeting and concourse of the honest party in this Assembly by which he perceiving all things to run counter to his intention and that the hearts of the Cititizens were set immoveably upon peace instead of confiding in the Prince of Conty who continued still constant to his Brother and his family he suggested certain jealousies of him to the Princess his Sister and with the most pernicous counsel which could be given at that time to make him universally odious he exhibited several charges and accusations against the said Prince to weaken the only support he had left sowing discord in his family and among those of his party and endeavouring with crafty plots to delude them Fiesco took his Lodgings in the New-street among the Merchants to be more ready at hand to perswade them that to establish a secure peace their best way would be to follow the Counsel of Marsin a person of long experience and not be led by the Nose by Conty an unexperienc'd Youth They contrived likewise that certain of the Frondeurs in whom they had greatest confidence should be present at these Assemblies at the Burse among which there were also the Counsellers of the Parliament which remained in Bourdeaux and these to raise differences and distractions amongst them to gain time in which they placed all their hopes They contriv'd moreover that one Ramont standing Sentinel at that time in the Town-house should deny Admission to one Orial though of the Olmira because he did not second their designes as was expected which was resented by their Companions and the whole Olmiera Who commanded him to depart the City Having after this discover'd that Marsin gain'd upon the people every day by common consent they call'd a General Assembly on the 19th of July 1653. on the Exchange in which Assembly there met the Deputies from all the Companies in the City Whilst they were sitting here together the Chevalier Todias a Jurate appear'd unexpectedly amongst them whereupon laying hold on the occasion That the Presence of a Magistrate of the City rendred the Assembly lawful they constrain'd him to accept the deputation they made to the Prince of Conty to signifie to him the resolutions of the good Citizens of the Town and to intreat him to approve of the design they were upon to make an Overture of peace and to consent That the Faction of the Olmiera which was the only obstacle might be abolish'd That the Captains and Officers of the City might be cashier'd it being not reasonable that so many Persons of good quality and birth as went personally to the Guard for the safety of the Publick should be commanded by the seditious and Plebeians and that therefore they might be chang'd and other sober and deserving persons of condition and worth employ'd in their dead It was concluded in like manner that such as were present should be deputed as from the several Fraternities and meete daily as the principal Counsel of the City These to the number of about thirty with several Heads of the Artizans went together towards the house of the Dutchess of Longueville where the Prince then was part of their number remaining behind on the Exchange some thought it necessary to do somthing extraordinary so that whilst their Deputies were attending the Prince they caused all they met in the streets to cry Viva il Re e la Pace Long live the King and the Peace distributing a white Favor to every one of them Upon this noise the Deputies took heart and the Sieur Todias encourag'd by them represented with great franckness to the Prince of Conty the miseries occasioned both by the Kings forces and the Princes which were quartered under the Walls but especially by the tumultuous and insolent Olmeisti who in one year had occasion'd more mischief then many ages would be able to repair That the good Citizens could no longer endure the licentiousness of the Souldiers Wherefore in the Name of the whole Corporation he most humbly besought him to take some speedy course for the Consolation of all parties assuring him of the affection and constancy of the Citizens towards his Highness the Prince of Condy the Duke d' Anguien his Nephew and his Sister the Dutchess of Longueville the Prince told them that they should meet him the next day at the Arch-bishops Palace to agree about the means of procuring a durable Peace The Deputies coming out of the Dutchess of Longueville's house and meeting the people that were crying Peace they took each of them a white Signal and joyning with them in a moment the Cry went thorow the whole Town Viva il Re e la pace e muoia l' Olmiera Long live the King and the Peace and let the Olmiera perish The women the children every body put on white colours and they which had no other made use of their Handkerchiefs or white paper On the other side the Olmeisti and others of the Princes party distinguish'd themselves by Isabella and blew The next Lords day by order of the Prince of Conty there were present at the Council the Counts of Marsin de Mora Fiesco de Mata de Antel the Marquess of Lusignan Coll. Baltasser the Counsellors Ramont Du Duc and Spagnet who had been at the Exchange to desire Peace the President Fresne was also call'd to the Council who had conceal'd himself for two years together under pretence of a fit of sickness real or feigned They argued and discuss'd this Affair with variety of opinions some of the Frondeurs to hinder them from coming to a Conclusion endeavor'd to divert the Resolutions of the Assembly and delay time But this being discover'd by some who were well enough acquainted with the intention of the Frondeurs and understood how much it imported them not to lose time they remained behind in the Exchange with some other of their friends and besides those they had with them the day before getting some other active Persons they heartened their Deputies who at that instant were at the Arch-bishops Palace and startled Marsin their number being encreased to
Catholique Majesty That Baltasser with his Troops might retire to Tartas The Article concerning the Passport into Spain was disputed and at length altered by the Prince of Conty it being agreed on that only notice should be given to the Generals of the Spanish Fleet But with order not to come near Bourdeaux for if they did they should neither be received nor assisted All these Transactions being highly displeasing to Marsin and all such as were enemies to the peace they raised new murmures and divisions in the City and plotted all ways to break or disturb the Treaty They assured the people that there was Corn enough in the Magazines for three Months That the want of provisions and sickness encreasing daily in the Kings Army they could not long subsist nor be able to make the least opposition against the Spanish Fleet which was expected every moment with ample supplies both of Victuals Money and men so that holding out but a few days longer they should obtain a Peace much more advantageous That the Prince of Condy was in Flanders with a powerful Army able to march to Paris without any obstruction by reason of the weaknes of the Kings Forces and the peoples disaffection to the Cardinal Marsin continued to declaim aganst the Propositions of the peace as dishonourable to the name of their Union and to their Promises and oaths so often reiterated not to abandon the Prince of Condy That it was nothing but the effect of a Conspiracy of a few persons corrupted by the flatteries of Mazarine and inveigled with the thoughts of bettering their own fortune by the ruine of the publick interest That their Offers were to be shunn'd as the singing of a Sirene That having offended a Prince to the quick the best Counsel was to see him no more except in a Picture But on the contrary those who understood the Artifices and machinations of seditious persons were of another judgement and declar'd That things were reduc'd now to such an extremity they must fall inevitably into the hands of the Spaniard and live under their yoke and dominion or become miserable sacrifices to the armes and vengeance of their own King That the State could never fall under greater Tyranny then what they then suffered under the Officers of the Princes who had no other aim then to satisfie their insatiable desire of robbing them both of their honour and estates leaving them in a miserable and languishing condition That the City not being to be brought to a worse plight ought to embrace so happy an opportunity of redeeming it self from such imminent dangers whilst the Generals with unexpected Courtesie distributed every where his Majesties grace and favours full of clemency and pity and thought it greater honour to be the instruments of his mercy then revenge That now was the time to wipe off all the unworthy stains of rebellion by making it appear they were rather the effects of a few peoples violence then any universal disgust That Marsin as a stranger was manifestly more solicitous for his own private interest for the Princes and therefore he ran things to Extremity with false and pretended promises of releif which if soberly consider'd was rather to be abhorr'd then receiv'd seeing by prolonging the War all the people must of necessity be precipitated into an eternal and inextricable confusion and their revenues brought to nothing consisting principally in trade with strangers and in the fruits of the field the one absolutely precluded and interrupted and the other like to be destroy'd by the spoiling of their Vintage They further added that the Princes professing the ease of the people to whom they had so many Obligations it was to be suppos'd they would not consent that for the advantage of a few of their party so many innocents should be ruin'd and that themselves being of so high a birth by returning to their obedience they might restore themselves to their pristine Authority and Grandeur in the Kingdom of France where no true Frenchman by reason of their natural antipathy could willingly brook the Spaniards who sought to advantage themselves by these troubles alluring the uncautious by the lustre of their Gold and deluding the people more with false hopes then really assisting them with any formidable and effectual force Finally they concluded that having for their own Sovereign a King given them by God they ought not to doubt of his being endowed with so Noble and Generous a mind as to forget injuries and pardon Offences These Reasons with the Engagement into which most of the Citizens had publikely entred and the fear of falling again under the outrages of the Olmeira in case they should recover their former Authority by the means of foreign force was the cause that the Assembly of the Olmeisti was expresly forbidden and the Captains of the quarters renewed with all diligence and strict Guards placed at the Gates to hinder the entrance of forreign Soldiers They treated also privately with Colonel Baltasser to gain him to their side as a valiant and generous person and one that was capable of doing much mischeif were he united with Marsin with whom by reason of several disgusts past betwixt them he held no very good correspondence Virlade being in the mean time return'd to Begle to accompany the Duke of Candale to Lormont and assist at the General Truce receiv'd an express from the Duke of Vandosme at Mid-night that 33 Sail of Spanish Ships were arriv'd within sight of Blay Whereupon the three days Truce being expir'd the Duke of Candale thought it expedient to give them another indefinite till the conclusion of the peace and the publication of the Amnesty which he did to engage the Citizens in a Treaty before the news of the approach of the Spanish Armada lest they should change their resolutions and concurr with the contrary party It being concluded therefore and establish'd as firm as was possible Virlade was dispatch'd back to Bourdeux to draw the Prince of Conty to a peremptory resolution to declare puplickly for the service of the King where being arriv'd he found the City much altered by the Artifices of Marsin who having been at the Burse to clear himself and Lenet of the machinations wherewith they were charg'd he had in some measure mollifi'd the hearts of those who had been exasperated against him and by the distribution of Money amongst the Plebeians captivated a good part of them particularly those of the Fraternity of Saint John which are so numerous they seldome appear less then 1500 in their procession upon that Saints day so that he caus'd them to fasten peeces of Red Ribbon to their Procession-staffs and to cry up and down the streets and in their very Procession Viva i Principi Long live the Princes Virlada astonish'd at this change rid amongst them with a Trumpet of the Duke of Candales before him snatching from some of them their Red Ribbons giving them white and casting some Moneys amongst
them he caus'd them quickly to change their note and cry out as fast Viva il Re e la Pace Long live the King and the Peace and from thence passing to the Town-house where the Prince of Conty then was he prest him to declare himself either for Peace or War telling him that as his servant he could not but advise him of the evident danger he was in seeing the design was to make themselvs Masters of the Town though with the destruction and ruine of his Highness That therefore he did earnesly desire him to continue the suspension of Arms which during till the conclusion of the peace would secure him and take away all occasion from the Kings Generals to attempt any thing against the City which in the confusions they were then in would be no hard matter for them to do to the endangering of his person and his friends or at least to his dishonour These Propositions sunk very deep into the heart of the Prince full of generosity and therefore the more dispos'd to receive such counsels as were grounded on reason and honour Besides Gourville being in private Treaty with him at that time who took great pains to remove him from all contrary sentiments he finally resolv'd to subscribe the suspension of Arms which was solemnly publish'd and went to the Exchange to declare openly that he renounc'd all leagues and confederacies with Spain Here were likewise read the Articles of peace which were to be propos'd as also a renunciation of the Citizens of all Treaties with the English and the Ministers of Spain and this was also done in publique by the Prince with much frankness which drew after him all the acclamations of the people The Arrival of the Spanish Fleet was not yet known in Bourdeaux and those that understood the inconstancy of the people always desirous of novelties endeavour'd to conceal it as much as was possible The Duke of Candale went to Lormond to the Duke Vandosme and the articles of the Truce were agreed on in the same form they were presented except the granting of quarters to the Princes Troops a passport to Baltasser or liberty for bringing in victuals or Ammunition into the Town They agreed afterwards on the houre to meet the Deputies to treat about the peace The designes of the seditious and the Spaniards being in this manner defeated The Kings Generals were much rejoyced and the rather because they had reason to fear that if the Spanish Navy had appear'd before the Treaty had been concluded they would easily have made themselves Masters of Bourdeaux and all the Kings Affairs in Guienne been utterly ruin'd besids the prejudice they would have receiv'd in the other parts of the Kingdom by so potent and so considerable a diversion The Spanish Fleet came to an Anchor at the mouth of the Garonne and the Generals having notice of the resolution of the Bourdelois whilst they lay there attending the opportunity of the Tyde to attempt the relieving of the Town were in great confusion and at a stand what to do fearing to engage themselves in vain further in the River with so much hazard not being assur'd to be receiv'd by the City but rather treated as Enemies They concluded at length to continue where they were upon their Guard and to dispatch away a Messenger with all speed to the Spanish Court to give notice of the alteration of Affaires that they might deliberate what was best to be done in this exigence They sent likewise advice into Flanders to the Spanish Ministers and the Prince of Condy who at the receipt of this News saw his expectations quite vanisht while with a secure confidence he had cherish'd himself that the Spanish Fleet would have got easily to Bourdeaux and have had the better of the day if they came to an engagement which the Spaniards themselves gave evident tokens they were not willing to undertake upon a slight account On the 27. of July the Deputies being twelve in number whereof Chevalier Todias was the chief to whom was joyn'd the aforesaid Virtade they propounded the Articles of the Peace By the permission of the Prince of Conty Bartau a Citizen of Bourdeux was sent to the Spanish Navy to let them know that the City renounced all leagues and confedederacies concluded with his Catholick Majesty and disowned all succours that came from him The Generals having perus'd the Propositions of Peace they found some things too prejudicial to his Majestie 's honor so that they had like to have sent back the Deputies But apprehending by rendring the Bourdelots disperate they might throw themselves into the Arms of the Spaniards already advanced too far they found out a medium very proper to compose all which was to shorten the Trea-and come to a Conference in which those Articles that could not be granted should be remitted to the King rather then to send away the Deputies It being more then probable that Marsin would take new courage by the discontents of the people and the well-affected themselves seeing their hopes frustrated would easily be perswaded to admit the Spanish supplies For these Reasons the Deputies were recall'd and after having offer'd them the favour of the General Amnesty for the inhabitants of the Town in the same form as it was granted to the Parisiens and as it was Registred in the Parliament transferr'd to Agen To the Princes and Princesses and all others of their partie as ample passports as they could desire to the Generals and French Officers leave to retire to their own houses and to the Foreign Troops to depart out of the Kingdom They promis'd to examine the Articles in a Conference the day following All which being tendred to the Prince of Conty and the assembly of the Citizens in the Burse in two Sessions they resolv'd them in this manner following Upon the 1. and 2. after the Kings Declaration of 1650. was read it was agreed That a general Amnesty should be granted to the Citizens of Bourdeaux with confirmation of their prviledges The 3. which respected the Person of the Prince of Condy and his indemnity was referr'd to the King but it was propos'd that they might have a months time to give him notice of their Treaty by a Messenger express to whom the Kings Generals were to give a Passport to the Court and from thence he was to have the Kings safe conduct into Flanders That the Prince of Conty and the Dutchess of Longueville were to be comprehended if they pleased in the Amnesty of Bourdeaux or if they desired one separately it should be granted them in the best form and verified for them and their dependents in the Parliament of Paris as that for the Bourdelots was to be in the Parliament of Guienne That the Duke d' Enguien and the Princess his Mother should have Passports given them for their security and residence in case they were inclin'd to abide in any part of the Kingdom That Marsin should have liberty
every one shall be preserv'd and maintain'd in the same quality and condition as before That Justice shall be administred by the Colonel of every Regiment in the same manner as heretofore That his Majesty will assign them Winter-quarters so soon as the Campagne shall be ended and that they shall be treated in all places and upon all occasions as other forreign Troops in his Majesties service promising in the faith and word of a King to maintain and cause to be punctually observed what he has declared and promised At the first News of the Dukes Imprisonment his most Christian Majesty had dispatch'd Monsieur de la Borez to the Count de Ligneville with instructions to let him know the obligation that lay upon him to endeavor the enlargement of his Master by force of Armes if amicable ways would not prevail But all the Arguments used to the said Count and to Duke Francis who not many days before arrived in Flanders from Germany proved ineffectual the Management of the Spanish Ministers having had better success then the sollicitations of Cardinal Mazarine Ligneville excusing himself that he had express Orders from Duke Charles to obey his brother Duke Francis and this Prince relying upon the Promises made him of being put into the same command as his Brother did hope to be able to obtain more favour by his own merit then by force The Cardinal continued in the mean time with prudent Councils to manage other designs the principal was to carry on the Wars in the Enemies countrey thereby to force the Spaniard to a Peace which he said they pretended very much to wish for but in such manner and with such advantages to themselves that not being fit to be granted they accus'd him of being an enemy to all accommodation He reassumed the Negotiation of a League with the Protect or Cromwell at London to secure the French from the jealousies they had reason to conceive of that Nation at that time in Armes and free from any diversion elsewhere And to observe the motions of the Spaniards in Biscay that they might not introduce any new confusions in those parts he caus'd the Mareschal de Gramont in whose valour and fidelity he rely'd very much to repair to his Government of Bayon and Bearn there to have an eye to any attempt that might be made against those Provinces for the better security of which he concluded a Truce or Treaty of Neutrality and Commerce during the War betwixt Bayon and the Basques subjects of France and the Biscailins subjects of Spain He sent out new Orders for recruiting the old Troops and for levying of new to the end that in the Spring they might be able to take the field in Flanders Catalonia and Piemont He commanded the fitting up of the Fleet in Provence and all necessary Provisions to be got ready to put to sea when occasion should require either towards Catalonia or the Kingdom of Naples from whence the Duke of Guise reiterated his instances for their sudden resolution upon the Account of the good intelligence he held with the malcontents in that City by whom he was sollicited over and over and many Messengers sent to invite him thither And as he was seriously intent upon his martial Affairs so was he not unmindful for the establishment of quiet at home prevailing with His Majesty to extend his clemency even towards those as were still contumacious and to receive every body into favour putting an end to all domestick jealousies that it might appear to all men that there was nothing he desired more then to render his Ministry equally profitable and grateful to all the French Nation towards which notwithstanding the ill Treatment he had receiv'd in stead of seeking revenge forgetting all provocations his aim was by his goodness and meekness to work them gently to a repentance for their past faults rather then by punishing them precipitate them into new more desperate offences FINIS THE TABLE MOnsieur de St. Agolin sollicits the Court of Spain in behalf of the Prince of Condy page 35 Another Amnesty sent to the Bourdelots 246 Encamping of both Armies 84 A notable Artifice 118 The Kings Army advances towards Bourdeaux 137 The Assembly of the Olmiera is prohibited 155 Additions to the Capitulations at Bourdeaux 172 The Armies on the Frontiers of France 188 Several Persons of both Armies meet and discourse 200 The Arch-Duke comes to the Camp before Rocroy 220 The Order of the French Army 249 A General Amnesty granted to the Bourdelots 256 The Armies in Catalogne 303 B. The People in Bourdeaux sollicit for help from Spain 35 The Baron de Batteville raises difficulties in the Spanish Court 38 Orders given to Batteville from the Court 40 Propositions made by the Spaniards to the Bourdelots 41 Bellegarde taken 66 The Count Broglia surprizes the Irish 68 Bourg taken 96 Divers disturbances in Bourdeaux 110 Brisac returns to the Kings obedience 298 C Cardinal Mazarine returns to Paris with universal Applause 1 Applies himself to the War 2 By the Cardinals means the Count d' Ognon makes his Peace at Court 16 The Cardinal beloved by the Souldiers 18 His remarkable Policy ib. Count Marsin endeavors to take Granade 31 The communalty of Paris invites the Cardinal to a Dinner at the Town-Hall 59 concourse of the People to see the Cardinal at the Town-Hall 60 The Speech of a Plebeian to the Cardinal 61 The Count de Coligni taken Prisoner 62 The Prince Condy's of intelligence in Arras vanishes 73 Designes of the Cardinal concerning the Warr 73 Councell of war held by the Spanish Commanders 77 Condy's opinion prevailes 85 The Prince of Condy deceaved by his friends 85 The Conspiracy at Bourdeaux discovered 88 The Duke of Candale endeavors to enter Bourdeaux 92 Cromwell refuses to assist Bourdeaux 104 The Cardinal endeavours to win Bourdeaux rather by fair meanes then force 106 The Prince of Conty's answer to the Citizens of Bourdeaux 112 the Count de Fiesco returns from Spain to Bourdeaux 114 the Prince of Conty's answer to those that persuade him to peace 117 The Prince of Conty and Dutchess of Longueville disgusted with Marsin 121 The Prince of Condy shewes great esteem for Marsin 122 The Prince of Conty resolves to consent to the peace 140 the Duke of Candale treates with the Prince of Conty 141 The Contents of the Articles of peace at Bourdeaux 166 The Court of Rome has thoughts of defending the Cardinal de Retz 233 He is conveyed to Nants 235 A conspiracy to Kill Cardinal Mazarine 238 Great Clemency of the King 238. Expedient of the Cardinal to allay the disturbances at Bourdeaux 259 decree of the Councell against the Parliment of Bourdeaux 260 Courage of the French Nobility 276 The Prince Condy being sick orders his Commanders to succour S. Menehaud 278 The Cardinals diligence to hinder the succour 279 The Court returns to Paris 288 The Count de Harcourt's Negotiations with the Court 289 He
complains of the Mareschal 296 The Cardinal's expressions to the Duke of Elbeuf 299 The Cardinals Sisters come into France 327. The Prince of Conty Marries the Cardinals Niece 335. The Count de Fuensaldagna's orders after the imprisonment of the Duke 354. The Cardinal renews the treaty with Cromwel 373 D The Dutchess of Longueville goes to Molines 143. Dispatches to Court for ratification of the peace at Bordeaux 174. The Duke of Chaunes delivers up his Government of Amiens 229. The Duke of Lorrain dissatisfied with the Spaniards 342. He is arrested prisoner 350. Duke Francis of Lorrain is sent for to command his Brothers Troops 352. the English refuse to assist Bourdeaux 24 The Count de Estrades sent with Troops towards Bourdeaux 95. Endeavours of the well affected in Bourdeaux to dispose the people to peace 107. The Spaniards come to an agreement with the Elector of Colen 353. F. Filiot put upon the Rack 96. The French besiege Mouson 213. France begins to recover its pristin splendour 240. The French make inroad into the state of Milan 243 A fight betwixt the French and Spaniards at Rochetta 250. The French attaque Castillion 305. They advance towards Girona 309. the French Troops retire out of Catalonia to their Winter-quarters 325. Prudent reflextions of the Count of Fuensaldagna 344. His dexterity in gaining the Lorrain Officers 346 He comunicats the Kings Order to the Arch-Duke for securing the Duke of Lorrain 349 G. Several Persons sent out of Bourdeaux to treat with the Kings Generals 139 Gourville's Arrival at Bourdeaux creates jealousie in the seditious 142 Guise attempted 202 General Monte slain 242 Scituation of Girona 314 Besieged by the French 315 Girona relieved by the Spaniards 318 I. The Irish desert the Spaniards 308 K. The King resolves to send an Act of Oblivion to the People of Bourdeaux 20 The King goes to the Army 190 Returns to Paris 192 The King at the Camp before Saint Menehaud 270 His Majesties Manifesto upon the Imprisonment of the Duke of Lorrain 362 L. Levies of Germane-Horse 2 The Marquess of Lusignan goes into Spain 39 Lermont taken by the Duke of Vandome 45 Libourne attaqued 99 M. Mazarins Orders to streighten Bourdeauz 50 Prudent Councell of Mazarine 51. by Mazarines Councell the King grants another Amnesty 53. Mazarines Opinion concerning the agreement with the Prince of Condy 54. Mazarine by his sweet cariage wins the affection of many 58. By the advice of Mazarine Bellegarde is attaquaed 62. He endeavours to reduce Bourdeaux 84. the Marquess de Theubon complaines of Marsin to the Prince of Conty 85. Treates with the Duke of Candale 89. Marsin endeavours to bring the Prince of Condy's Troops into Bourdeaux 120 The Merchants of Bourdeaux assemble at the Bourse 124. A Generall meeting of the Citizens 127. Marsin endeavours to disturb the agreement with the Bourdelots 150. the Citizens oppose him 152. He endeavours to prolong the Warr 157. Mazarins Maxim of temporizing 189. Divers marches and designes of the Armys 195 Description of Mouson 215 Mazarine offers to the Cardinal de Retz 231 Marsin lands with 3000 men 265 Propositions of Mazarine in the Councell of Warr at Laon. 271 His reasons for the attaquing of St. Menehaud 272 The Mareschal de Plessis Pralin sent to command the Army before St. Menehaud 284 St. Menehaud taken 279 Mazarines diligence in ordering the Affairs of the Kingdome 287 By his Managements Phillipsbourg is surprized 291 The Mareschal de Hoquincourt prepares for Catalogna 316 A manifesto published by the Spaniards concerning the imprisonment of the Duke of Lorrain 354 N. A Notable accident 93 Negotiations betwixt the French and the Lorainers Neutrality betwixt the Basques and Biscailins O. Obstinaey of the Olmiera 48 P. Plessis Bezanson sent to the Princes of taly 4 His Negotations with the Duke of Mantua 5 Progress of the Royallists in Guienne 34 Preparations of the Prince of Condy 54 Propositions made by the Count de de Fuensaldagne in the Council of Warr. 77 Propositions made to the Olmeisti 134 The Prince of Conty signes the suspension of Armes 160 The Peace concluded the Princes depart from Bourdeaux 174 Perigueux puts it self under the Kings obedience 176 New Plots in Bourdeaux 183 The Prince of Condy's friends fail him 204 He proposes the besieging of Rocroy 205 Progress of the French Army 226 Progress of the War in Piemont 240 Some seditious endeavours top disturb the Peace at Bourdeaux 258 Provisions conveyed into Roses 287 Progress of the Marquess de Plessis Belliere 302 The Prince of Conty resolves to make his Peace at Court 328 He designes to marry the Cardinals Niece 330 R. Recruits sent into Flanders 41 Great sums of money distributed by the Spaniards among the French Rebels 43 The Revenues of Bourdeaux consists chiefly in Wines 51 Progress of the Koyallists 70 Siege of Rhetel 71 Resolutions if the good Citizens to introduce the Royallists into Bourdeaux 118 Resolutions of the Spanish Generals 188 Roye taken by the Prince of Condy. 194 A remarkable Passage 238 Roses victualled by the French 322 Relation of the Imprisonment of the Duke of Lorrain 338 S. The Spaniards foment the Civil Wars in France 28 Sarlat returns to the Kings obedience 32 Dispatches from Spain in favour of the Bourdelots 37 A Spanish Ship taken by the English 42 The 300000 Crowns taken by the English retards the Spaniards from taking the field 69 The Spaniards take the Field 81 The Kings Colours displayed on severall steeples in Bourdeaux 133 A suspension of Arms for 3 days 145 The arrivall of the Spanish Fleet is kept secret 161 The Spanish Generalls are surprized at the peace of Bourdeaux 162 The Citizens give the Spaniards an Account of their agreement 164 The seditious appose the peace at Bourdeaux 171 A Skirmish betwixt the French and Spaniards 190 Another skirmish 200 The Spaniards Land and plunder the Country 261 The Spanish Ship retire to the Foss of Verdun 263 A skirmish betwixt the French and Spaniards 266 The Spanish Fleet goes part to Biscay and part to Dunkirk 267 The Vice Admiral of Spain taken by the French 268 The Plague at Bourdeaux 269 The States of Languedoc assemble at Pezenas 301 The Spaniards routed by the French 34 T. Troops sent into Piemont 3 The Chevalier Todias his address to the Prince of Conty 130 The Truce at Bourdeaux is concluded indefinitely 157 Tannes taken by the Kings forces 296 Tiliou surprized by the French 316 V. The Duke of Vandosme promises protection to the Bourdelots 147 Ville-neuf d' agenois returnes to the Kings obedience 181 Valour of the Marquess Caracene 253 He is slightly wounded 253 ERRATA Page 72. line 2. reade finding From fol. 73. to fol 97. amend the Numbers FINIS
to the Parlement and the Court were not sincere while at the same time that he profess'd himself ready for the Peace he protested at Madrid and Brussels that he would always adhere to the Crown of Spain and hold on the War negotiating likewise in England to get assistance to carry on his designes and therefore it concern'd them to take away his Helps and Associates in France without which he would remain only a bare Captain of the King of Spain and be able to do little against a Kingdom more potent then any other when united and obedient to its King In the mean time the Troops of the Princes remain'd encamp'd on the other side the River Sene betwixt Surenne and St. Cloud expecting the supplies which were sent him from Flanders but those fruitful hills being full of Vineyards and the Grapes beginning to ripen the damage which the Souldiers did to the people was very grievous by whose Sollicitation they were drawn out to the end of the Suburbs of St. Victor where in quartering themselves they fell to blows with the Citizens that were upon the Guard at the street end where four or five inhabitants ans◠fifteen or twenty Souldiers were slain which help'd so much the more to augment the discord amongst them But the Cardinal knowing that the safety of the Royal party consisted in reducing the Parisiens to seek their quiet which began to be wish'd for by them The people the Merchants and all persons generally being weary of the calamities they sustain'd and tired out by the continual Guards which without pay and with abandoning their traffick they were constrained to keep he advised the King to stay at Compiegne and not to be prevail'd on by intreaties to return to Paris without unquestion'd security that he should not be detain'd again and this was one of the Maxims especially recommended to the Queen in his absence and which he particularly gave in charge to the Abbot Ondedei He added that the Kings Army ought to go to oppose the troops of Flanders which were marching to assist the Princes and if they were too weak so that enterprize they should remove to Ville neufve S. George on the North-side the Sene four leagues from Paris and fortifying themselvs with good trenches live upon the provisions that from Corbeil Melun and other neighboring places they should get in abundance by means of the River where making a stay the Enemies troops by consequence must lodge themselves thereabouts so that the Souldiers sacking and pillaging the Country and robbing and killing all that should pass that way without coming to a rupture of shewing any such intention Paris would be involv'd in a very troublesome siege and the Princes rendred odious as being reputed the principal occasion of all those disasters and thus carrying on their intelligence with their loyal friends in the City the Parisiens would be brought with greater facility to take fit resolutions to free them from their miseries which could not be done so long as they were deprived of the King This was the greatest stroak the Cardinal could give and it is certain that this Maxim duly observed promoted the ruine of his opposite Party for Paris could not free it self from the hovering ruine without sending away the Prince of Condé whose fall was most certain because staying there with the Army he increased their miseries which stirred up the peoples hatred against him and by retiring himself he lost the support of so rich and powerful a City with so much the more prejudice as that he would be forc'd to retire to his places upon the Mose quit the Realm and throw himself into the arms of the Spaniards Upon the news of the Cardinals departure out of the Kingdom the Ministers of Spain were not a little troubled because they perceived by his removal the Male-contents had no more pretext for what they did Taking their measures therefore to assist but not to strengthen too much the Party of the Princes two things were propos'd One was to advance with their whole Army and forcing the Kings Army from about Paris keep those Citizens faithful and united to the Princes The other to amuse that Party and the people of Paris with great hopes but little effects that by their seeming assistance they might hold firm in their pretensions and redoubling their disobedience and injuries against the Court be finally necessitated to declare against the King so that rendering themselves unworthy of favour and affrighted with the thoughts of chastisement they would endeavour to preserve their Usurped Authority To the first Proposition were opposed the imminent dangers that the Court seeing themselves reduc'd to should be forc'd to grant to the Princes those Points which with much fervency were insisted on by their friends and partakers Neither did the other seem convenient in that present conjuncture for when the Princes and the Parlement should perceive themselves depriv'd of the hopes and promises made them by the Spaniards knowing they were not able to subsist by Paris alone which was wavering even in the beginning of the Union they would be constrain'd to regulate themselves as Necessity should counsel them and accept those conditions that had been already offer'd them upon the Accommodation so that by either of these ways they apprehended they should not much help forward their Designs which they had proposed to themselves upon the continuance of the civil troubles in France Embracing therefore a third counsel they resolved to cause their Troops to advance knowing that if the Parisiens did not continue firm they should at least encourage the Martial and haughty thoughts of the Prince of Condé who making war in France as first Prince of the Bloud and esteemed one of the Valiantest of the Age he could not but much trouble and annoy the contrary Party Wherefore the Spanish and Lorein Troops began to move towards the Sene to the number of 3000 Horse under Prince Ulderick of Wirtemberg 6 other Regiments of Horse conducted by the Chevalier de Guise and 6000 Lorrainers with their Duke who all together formed an Army of about 11000 combatents These thought to put themselves into the Post of Villeneuf S. George but were prevented by the Mareschal Turenne who according to the Instruction of Cardinal Mazarine had already possessed it and intrenched himself there with the Kings Army and cast two Bridges over the River The Spaniards the Lorrainers and the Troops of the Princes quartered round about the Country so that the Souldiers of both Parties scouring the Campania on all sides Paris remained besieg'd by their own friends wherefore the Citizens daily pressed the King to return to Paris who answered he was ready so to do if the Duke of Orleans would cause the Prince of Conde to retire to his Government of Guienne the Duke of Beaufort to his Castle of Anet and the strangers out of the Kingdom The Cardinal de Retz took the advantage of these favourable accidents and with