and_o the_o praefer_n to_o benefice_n the_o whole_a revenue_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v value_v at_o six_o million_o of_o gold_n yearly_a rent_n there_o be_v 34._o cathedral_n church_n all_o rich_o endow_v some_o whereof_o have_v 50._o some_o a_o 100_o and_o some_o 200._o million_o of_o yearly_a revenue_n and_o in_o particular_a the_o metropolitan_a archbishop_n of_o toledo_n have_v more_o than_o 300._o million_o neither_o do_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n care_n to_o parcel_n these_o church_n to_o a_o great_a number_n although_o overgrow_v with_o their_o plenty_n for_o than_o they_o shall_v with_o more_o difficulty_n make_v use_v of_o the_o revenue_n and_o note_n thereof_o when_o occasion_n require_v which_o be_v very_o often_o upon_o any_o disastrous_a event_n as_o he_o likewise_o lay_v extraordinary_a tax_n upon_o the_o laity_n in_o the_o like_a occurrence_n for_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n alone_o philip_z the_o second_o have_v nigh_o 8._o million_o of_o gold_n in_o one_o year_n reckon_v hereto_o also_o the_o profit_n which_o his_o order_n of_o knighthood_n yield_v he_o viz._n 200._o million_o of_o crown_n so_o that_o here_o be_v revenue_n more_o than_o enough_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o canker_n of_o interest_n at_o the_o bank_n of_o genoa_n nor_o be_v the_o merchant_n of_o antwerp_n without_o their_o share_n in_o the_o partition_n thereof_o and_o now_o the_o amsterdammer_n also_o this_o prince_n coin_n notwithstanding_o be_v the_o best_a in_o europe_n since_o all_o their_o neighbour_n make_v a_o gain_n of_o they_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o real_n or_o 8._o six-pence_n in_o our_o money_n go_v in_o france_n for_o 4_o s._n 6_o 6._o a_o doublin_n in_o gold_n that_o which_o be_v a_o pistolet_n with_o they_o be_v 13._o shilling_n be_v in_o france_n and_o other_o place_n 29._o real_n which_o be_v 14_o s._n 6_o d._n of_o our_o money_n most_o of_o the_o coin_n that_o pass_v for_o wine_n bread_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o brass_n which_o they_o call_v quartas_fw-la and_o quartillas_n of_o their_o maravedy_n 20._o make_v threepence_n but_o sometime_o the_o king_n enhance_v the_o price_n of_o this_o brass_n money_n of_o a_o sudden_a and_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o profit_n to_o himself_o bring_v a_o great_a loss_n upon_o trade_n all_o their_o meat_n fruit_n and_o bread_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o pound_n and_o not_o except_v before_o a_o officer_n which_o they_o call_v alcalda_n so_o that_o no_o stranger_n can_v be_v deceive_v in_o price_n or_o weight_n as_o to_o the_o interest_n of_o these_o prince_n it_o have_v be_v evident_o see_v what_o it_o have_v be_v but_o since_o the_o french_a mate_v they_o under_o francis_n the_o first_o and_o hold_v they_o to_o it_o till_o lewis_n the_o 14_o be_v too_o powerful_a for_o they_o since_o the_o dutch_a baffle_v they_o and_o we_o triumph_v over_o they_o they_o have_v be_v put_v to_o defend_v their_o own_o instead_o of_o overrun_v other_o their_o design_n be_v now_o to_o secure_v their_o estate_n and_o to_o draw_v from_o they_o that_o revenue_n into_o their_o coffer_n which_o be_v squander_v away_o in_o the_o war_n without_o any_o account_n and_o yet_o to_o be_v as_o gentle_a a_o sovereign_a as_o possible_a for_o all_o the_o late_a league_n the_o spaniard_n nor_o french_a will_v ever_o join_v interest_n or_o agree_v together_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o their_o humour_n or_o fashion_n in_o fine_a they_o real_o hate_v one_o another_o but_o more_o revengeful_o the_o spaniard_n fret_v at_o the_o french_a as_o he_o that_o first_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o his_o career_n of_o ambition_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o jealousy_n and_o suspicion_n between_o they_o however_o smooth_v and_o oil_v over_o with_o court_n artifices_fw-la alike_o understand_v for_o such_o on_o both_o side_n nor_o have_v their_o late_a frequent_a consanguinity_n and_o marriage_n any_o influence_n to_o draw_v they_o near_o to_o any_o amicable_a understanding_n with_o the_o dutch_a he_o firm_o keep_v a_o good_a correspondence_n as_o his_o very_a good_a friend_n since_o fate_n will_v needs_o have_v it_o so_o and_o use_v they_o very_o respectful_o as_o his_o good_a neighbour_n and_o as_o security_n to_o his_o estate_n in_o flanders_n for_o the_o dutch_a as_o be_v say_v do_v not_o love_v the_o frenchman_n vicinity_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o cherish_v a_o more_o than_o usual_a respect_n testify_v by_o those_o public_a honour_n do_v his_o ambassador_n sr._n richard_n fanshaw_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o inviolable_o observe_v the_o peace_n betwixt_o we_o with_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n he_o be_v new_o reconcile_v and_o certain_o that_o duke_n who_o have_v the_o citadel_n of_o verceil_n restore_v he_o by_o this_o king_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o late_a treaty_n have_v no_o great_a antipathy_n against_o he_o for_o he_o have_v suffer_v twice_o more_o from_o the_o french_a than_o from_o the_o spaniard_n who_o be_v as_o well_o able_a to_o defend_v he_o as_o he_o be_v convenient_o excite_v to_o offend_v he_o upon_o every_o displeasure_n the_o duke_n of_o parma_n be_v ally_v to_o he_o and_o so_o sure_a to_o his_o interest_n the_o florentine_a be_v stiff_a but_o be_v aequal_a between_o the_o french_a and_o he_o the_o mantuan_a will_v be_v neutral_a and_o the_o pope_n his_o secret_a friend_n the_o prince_n of_o modena_n will_v hardly_o engage_v any_o more_o against_o he_o for_o in_o a_o manner_n he_o be_v the_o umpire_n of_o all_o quarrel_n between_o those_o prince_n he_o be_v patron_n also_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o luca._n and_o for_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n ever_o since_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n come_v to_o the_o possession_n of_o this_o crown_n they_o have_v set_v they_o down_o with_o great_a quietness_n rather_o look_v to_o the_o strengthen_n of_o their_o own_o than_o attempt_v his_o and_o good_a reason_n too_o for_o our_o ancestor_n have_v see_v the_o spanish_a favour_v the_o venetian_n when_o their_o estate_n be_v dangerous_o hazard_v by_o the_o turk_n cheerful_o to_o have_v enter_v into_o the_o action_n of_o cephalonia_n and_o lepanto_n when_o nevertheless_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n they_o have_v at_o their_o own_o door_n algiers_n tunis_n and_o other_o african_a port_n their_o dangerous_a enemy_n the_o state_n of_o genoa_n must_v favour_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o stand_v by_o he_o for_o he_o be_v their_o protector_n and_o owe_v they_o vast_a sum_n which_o by_o any_o partiality_n of_o their_o side_n will_v be_v whole_o lose_v with_o all_o the_o catholic_a prince_n of_o germany_n he_o be_v in_o perfect_a correspondence_n and_o how_o great_a a_o relation_n and_o necessity_n of_o mutual_a adhaerence_n there_o be_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o he_o no_o man_n be_v ignorant_a confirm_v now_o and_o more_o intimate_o contract_v by_o the_o late_a marriage_n of_o the_o infanta_n with_o the_o king_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n his_o catholic_a majesty_n be_v in_o league_n but_o it_o be_v of_o no_o use_n or_o availment_n to_o he_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o malta_n the_o king_n take_v a_o particular_a protection_n as_o that_o in_o like_a sort_n depend_v whole_o upon_o his_o pleasure_n and_o do_v ready_o execute_v his_o royal_a commandment_n serve_v he_o often_o in_o keep_v the_o coast_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n from_o incursion_n of_o pirate_n and_o that_o without_o one_o penny_n cost_n or_o charge_n to_o the_o king_n as_o to_o the_o turk_n he_o maintain_v no_o intercourse_n nor_o use_v any_o trade_n with_o he_o and_o yet_o he_o have_v neither_o peace_n nor_o war_n with_o he_o peace_n he_o pretend_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v and_o the_o other_o he_o care_v not_o for_o and_o the_o turk_n be_v as_o unwilling_a to_o quarrel_v as_o he_o remember_v what_o he_o suffer_v from_o he_o at_o lepanto_n so_o that_o pivate_a damage_n be_v private_o make_v good_a and_o the_o algiers_n man_n do_v take_v upon_o themselves_o the_o rupture_n if_o any_o loud_a mischief_n happen_v of_o which_o the_o spaniard_n will_v not_o complain_v it_o be_v think_v that_o this_o king_n be_v superior_a to_o the_o turk_n in_o naval_a furniture_n and_o provision_n and_o the_o courage_n and_o ability_n of_o seaman_n for_o his_o biskayner_n and_o catalonian_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v parallel_v for_o endure_v of_o winter_n weather_n and_o tempest_n and_o the_o turk_n be_v always_o moar_v at_o home_n from_o october_n to_o march_v beside_o the_o convenience_n of_o his_o coast_n for_o building_n of_o ship_n and_o galley_n of_o which_o he_o have_v a_o 100_o in_o readiness_n and_o the_o turk_n have_v but_o two_o place_n all_o along_o his_o african_a coast_n viz._n algiers_n and_o tunis_n where_o he_o can_v build_v a_o vessel_n upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o philip_n the_o second_o be_v advise_v to_o seize_v upon_o the_o morea_n and_o
this_o dukedom_n yet_o the_o first_o in_o europe_n for_o dignity_n be_v piecemeal_v by_o the_o venetian_n the_o florentine_a mantuan_a and_o other_o while_o it_o be_v in_o contest_v and_o embroil_v by_o pretender_n it_o be_v the_o garden_n of_o italy_n and_o for_o the_o delight_n and_o pleasure_n thereof_o so_o strive_v for_o by_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o now_o be_v it_o be_v revenue_n be_v compute_v worth_n 300._o thousand_o pound_n a_o year_n but_o that_o never_o serve_v to_o defray_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o government_n during_o the_o war_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o number_n of_o garrison_n that_o be_v constant_o maintain_v but_o since_o the_o peace_n it_o yield_v some_o advantage_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n as_o to_o the_o war_n in_o hungary_n this_o province_n be_v the_o ready_a way_n for_o the_o force_n of_o spain_n to_o march_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o instead_o thereof_o such_o force_n as_o can_v be_v make_v ready_a be_v bend_v the_o other_o way_n to_o the_o sea_n coast_n to_o be_v embark_v for_o the_o war_n in_o portugal_n so_o that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v main_o disappoint_v of_o their_o great_a support_n in_o a_o very_a fatal_a juncture_n and_o so_o much_o for_o milan_n mantua_n it_o be_v bound_v and_o surround_v with_o milan_n on_o the_o west_n romandiola_n the_o marca_n and_o parma_n seize_v from_o a_o tyrannical_a lord_n thereof_o by_o lewis_n de_fw-fr gonzaga_n in_o a_o tumult_n at_o mantua_n and_o confer_v upon_o he_o afterward_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o in_o his_o family_n this_o dignity_n continue_v the_o spantard_n and_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o make_v opposition_n and_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o nevers_n of_o france_n the_o next_o heir_n to_o the_o decease_a duke_n but_o lewis_n the_o 13_o although_o engage_v in_o the_o rochel_n business_n by_o a_o army_n send_v into_o italy_n relieve_v casal_n distress_v by_o the_o spaniard_n who_o have_v spoil_v mantua_n and_o state_v the_o duke_n in_o quiet_a possession_n which_o brave_a and_o admire_a enterprise_n be_v worthy_o reckon_v as_o one_o of_o the_o great_a action_n of_o that_o king_n the_o territory_n of_o this_o duke_n be_v very_o large_a but_o his_o revenue_n not_o so_o great_a as_o amount_v to_o 230._o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a he_o be_v the_o next_o prince_n in_o dominion_n to_o the_o florentine_a but_o more_o easy_a to_o his_o subject_n for_o he_o may_v improve_v his_o exchequer_n by_o impost_n but_o either_o the_o danger_n or_o the_o uncustomariness_n of_o the_o thing_n make_v he_o forbear_v it_o beside_o he_o have_v no_o trade_n nor_o seaport_n as_o the_o tuscan_a duke_n be_v altogether_o inland_n but_o with_o this_o intrado_n he_o live_v like_o a_o prince_n indeed_o though_o like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n they_o have_v scarce_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n of_o their_o own_o as_o to_o the_o turkish_a war_n the_o prince_n of_o this_o territory_n be_v far_o ready_a as_o be_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o feudatories_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o assist_v the_o german_n than_o now_o they_o be_v for_o william_n one_o of_o those_o duke_n in_o person_n with_o 2000_o foot_n and_o 500_o horse_n assist_v the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o second_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o florence_n send_v 3000._o foot_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n 600._o cuirassieer_n the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n in_o person_n lead_v 1500._o horseman_n and_o henry_n of_o lorraine_n duke_n of_o guise_n command_v 300._o gentleman_n the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n and_o lucca_n assist_v he_o with_o money_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v the_o year_n 1566._o and_o when_o solyman_n take_v zige_v several_a english_a gentleman_n serve_v as_o volunteer_n for_o who_o family_n honour_v i_o will_v particularize_v some_o of_o their_o name_n as_o mr._n greenvile_n mr._n champernoon_n mr._n cotton_n mr._n pudshall_n mr._n smith_n captain_z george_z a_o eminent_a and_o skilful_a commander_n but_o all_o these_o italian_a aide_n be_v now_o quite_o disappear_v and_o they_o think_v themselves_o scarce_o secure_a with_o what_o force_n they_o can_v make_v for_o their_o own_o defence_n such_o be_v the_o jealousy_n now_o in_o italy_n this_o duke_n be_v very_o well_o affect_v to_o the_o imperial_a house_n as_o be_v near_o ally_v to_o it_o but_z except_o some_o money_n it_o be_v suppose_v he_o will_v not_o supply_v he_o with_o any_o thing_n else_o unless_o if_o such_o be_v the_o ill_a fate_n of_o the_o empire_n thing_n come_v to_o extremity_n he_o have_v no_o pique_n or_o feud_n any_o where_o but_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o very_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n and_o alliance_v with_o the_o best_a family_n in_o europe_n and_o yet_o he_o be_v less_o in_o demesn_a and_o perhaps_o interest_n have_v late_o sell_v to_o the_o decease_a cardinal_n mazarine_n his_o duchy_n of_o nevers_n of_o which_o before_o in_o france_n montferrat_n this_o pleasant_a region_n be_v seat_v betwixt_o piedmont_n and_o milan_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n it_o be_v the_o best_a flower_n in_o his_o garden_n and_o yield_v he_o more_o profit_n it_o be_v moreover_o the_o best_a security_n of_o his_o estate_n for_o herein_o stand_v the_o famous_a casal_n the_o jealousy_n of_o the_o french_a and_o spaniard_n in_o former_a time_n this_o marquisate_n suffer_v much_o by_o several_a intruder_n but_o be_v final_o settle_v by_o the_o emperor_n with_o mantua_n upon_o the_o family_n of_o gonzaga_n with_o which_o it_o remain_v combine_v under_o the_o same_o law_n and_o privilege_n modena_n and_o reggio_n these_o 2._o little_a dutchy_n be_v situate_a in_o that_o great_a and_o fertile_a territory_n once_o call_v lombardy_n as_o be_v all_o these_o we_o have_v mention_v hitherto_o and_o be_v assign_v by_o clement_n the_o 8_o to_o caesar_n de_fw-fr este_fw-fr the_o grandson_n by_o a_o bastard_n to_o alphonso_v the_o last_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n in_o lieu_n of_o his_o claim_n or_o pretence_n to_o that_o duchy_n the_o pope_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 20000._o foot_n and_o 2000_o horse_n persuade_v the_o duke_n to_o accept_v of_o these_o condition_n of_o the_o exchange_n with_o this_o clause_n also_o that_o he_o shall_v acknowledge_v the_o pope_n as_o his_o supreme_a lord_n and_o therewithal_o he_o seize_v the_o say_a duchy_n and_o city_n of_o ferrara_n as_o a_o escheat_n to_o the_o church_n now_o although_o this_o be_v a_o small_a duchy_n yet_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o good_a renown_n especial_o the_o last_o who_o approve_v himself_o a_o excellent_a captain_n in_o the_o late_a war_n betwixt_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o italy_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o france_n which_o procure_v that_o match_n between_o the_o now_o duke_n alphonso_n and_o one_o of_o the_o cardinal_n belove_a niece_n and_o who_o he_o dowry_v well_o and_o have_v legacy_v she_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o late_a treaty_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o spaniard_n be_v reconcile_v unto_o he_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o both_o king_n joint_o be_v to_o use_v their_o endeavour_n and_o supplication_n with_o his_o holiness_n the_o pope_n for_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o comachio_n to_o he_o of_o which_o such_o often_o mention_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o public_a week_n book_n this_o comachio_n be_v a_o district_n of_o marish_a ground_n for_o the_o most_o part_n lie_v in_o the_o duchy_n of_o ferrara_n and_o be_v former_o the_o title_n of_o the_o house_n of_o este_n before_o they_o have_v that_o of_o ferrara_n give_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v their_o proper_a demesne_fw-la estate_n and_o inheritance_n now_o when_o clement_n the_o 8._o possess_v himself_o of_o this_o duchy_n and_o agree_v by_o treaty_n that_o all_o land_n or_o what_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o say_a family_n of_o este_n he_o notwithstanding_o seize_v upon_o this_o estate_n with_o the_o rest_n without_o any_o distinction_n and_o hereupon_o complaint_n have_v since_o be_v make_v to_o the_o apostolical_a chamber_n reinforce_v by_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o french_a king_n in_o which_o he_o have_v engage_v the_o spaniard_n and_o late_o make_v it_o a_o pique_n against_o his_o holiness_n this_o duke_n like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n desire_v to_o be_v at_o peace_n and_o live_v in_o quiet_a nor_o to_o see_v no_o arm_n in_o italy_n now_o enjoy_v a_o serene_a tranquillity_n after_o a_o most_o tedious_a harass_a war_n he_o be_v fast_o in_o the_o embrace_n of_o his_o beautiful_a lady_n and_o will_v hardly_o arm_v himself_o like_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o emperor_n cause_n some_o supply_v he_o may_v chance_v to_o send_v he_o of_o money_n and_o do_v as_o his_o neighbour_n that_o be_v feif_n of_o the_o empire_n like_o himself_o and_o some_o money_n the_o emperor_n have_v
have_v be_v one_o chief_a policy_n to_o win_v they_o the_o better_a it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v equal_o partake_v with_o they_o in_o defray_v the_o charge_n the_o interest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n require_v that_o a_o good_a understanding_n and_o correspondence_n be_v maintain_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o nobility_n not_o to_o quarrel_v with_o the_o turk_n to_o preserve_v friendship_n with_o the_o swede_n to_o make_v alliance_n with_o the_o persian_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o tartar_n at_o home_n to_o ruin_v the_o muscovite_n to_o have_v a_o eye_n upon_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o to_o respect_n france_n as_o that_o which_o can_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o imperial_a arm_n if_o they_o shall_v enterprise_v upon_o that_o kingdom_n curland_n before_o we_o dismiss_v this_o kingdom_n we_o must_v mention_v the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n be_v one_o three_o part_n of_o livonia_n the_o other_o two_o be_v call_v eastland_n and_o lettenland_n and_o a_o sovereignty_n 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be_v near_o ally_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o sister_n be_v his_o mother_n so_o that_o for_o want_v of_o issue_n all_o those_o great_a estate_n of_o the_o elector_n in_o the_o ducall_a prussia_n germany_n and_o cleve_n etc._n etc._n will_v come_v to_o this_o duke_n as_o his_o next_o heir_n during_o the_o late_a danish_a war_n in_o 1658._o the_o swede_n expect_v some_o invasion_n of_o this_o duke_n as_o be_v so_o interest_v in_o both_o his_o enemy_n cause_n and_o quarrel_n order_v general_n dowglas_n to_o secure_v he_o who_o surprise_v he_o in_o his_o residence_n at_o mittaw_n by_o some_o boat_n full_a of_o soldier_n pretend_v for_o the_o pole_n and_o carry_v he_o and_o his_o duchess_n away_o prisoner_n in_o which_o condition_n they_o contive_v till_o the_o peace_n be_v make_v and_o conclude_v between_o all_o party_n so_o that_o he_o have_v no_o great_a affection_n to_o that_o nation_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o little_a power_n as_o his_o subject_n of_o trade_n although_o his_o country_n border_n upon_o the_o sea_n but_o it_o afford_v no_o convenient_a harbour_n for_o traffic_n any_o where_n in_o his_o coast_n yet_o so_o much_o must_v be_v say_v for_o his_o honour_n that_o he_o supply_v our_o late_a sovereign_n charles_n the_o one_a with_o two_o ship_n load_v of_o arm_n upon_o his_o own_o account_n during_o those_o unnatural_a war_n in_o england_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o do_v he_o any_o further_a office_n of_o respect_n and_o friendship_n i_o shall_v next_o speak_v of_o the_o european_a tartar_n and_o the_o circassian_n as_o confine_v to_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o poland_n but_o i_o will_v reserve_v the_o discourse_n of_o they_o to_o the_o succeed_a chapter_n of_o the_o russian_n with_o who_o they_o will_v best_o suit_v and_o agree_v russia_n this_o spacious_a empire_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n by_o tartary_n on_o the_o west_n with_o livonia_n and_o finland_n from_o which_o divide_v by_o great_a mountain_n and_o the_o river_n poln_n on_o the_o north_n by_o the_o freeze_a ocean_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lapland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n by_o lituania_n and_o the_o tartar_n and_o circassion_n inhabit_v the_o lake_n maeotis_n and_o the_o euxine_a sea_n it_o be_v partly_o seat_v in_o asia_n and_o europe_n distinguish_v by_o the_o river_n tanais_n the_o common_a boundary_a of_o those_o part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o stretch_v in_o length_n 3660_o english_a mile_n from_o colam_z in_o the_o north_n to_o astrachan_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o in_o breadth_n 3300._o which_o be_v 4400._o verst_n to_o adjust_a which_o to_o english_a mile_n we_o deduct_v one_o four_o part_n from_o the_o narve_v in_o livonia_n west_n to_o the_o province_n of_o severia_n east_n a_o vast_a extent_n but_o nothing_o so_o populous_a as_o spacious_a especal_o since_o it_o be_v drain_v of_o so_o many_o man_n by_o the_o continual_a war_n of_o vasilowich_n the_o great_a tyrant_n and_o his_o predecessor_n the_o great_a duke_n john_n who_o take_v the_o great_a dutchye_n of_o severia_n and_o smolensko_n nielchess_n plescovia_n novogorod_n jaroslaw_n most_o part_n or_o indeed_o all_o livonia_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n from_o the_o tartar_n as_o the_o other_o from_o the_o polander_n but_o for_o want_v of_o supply_n to_o reinforce_v their_o army_n lose_v they_o all_o again_o except_o some_o few_o place_n and_o the_o two_o asian_a kingdom_n which_o yet_o they_o maintain_v the_o tartar_n have_v former_o as_o much_o nay_o more_o plague_v this_o country_n than_o the_o christian_a enemy_n thereof_o for_o by_o their_o frequent_a conquest_n and_o invasion_n they_o make_v the_o great_a duke_n their_o tributary_n with_o this_o kind_n of_o service_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o he_o to_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o praecopense_n or_o the_o great_a chrim_a tartar_n that_o be_v to_o say_v every_o year_n the_o russian_a on_o foot_n feed_v the_o chrim_n horse_n he_o sit_v thereon_o with_o oat_n out_o of_o his_o fur_n cap_n 1140._o 1140._o in_o his_o castle_n of_o musco_n for_o common_o every_o year_n the_o tartar_n border_v near_a to_o he_o than_o seven_o day_n journey_n at_o which_o distance_n he_o now_o stand_v progress_v thither_o as_o in_o state_n whereas_o of_o late_a time_n he_o come_v every_o other_o year_n likely_a like_o a_o sudden_a tempest_n and_o have_v waste_v and_o ruin_v the_o country_n and_o make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o his_o captive_n depart_v as_o hasty_o unless_o the_o sultan_n in_o person_n make_v it_o a_o expedition_n royal_a or_o when_o the_o business_n come_v to_o battle_n where_o if_o the_o russian_a prevail_v the_o war_n and_o ravage_n be_v carry_v as_o far_o into_o the_o tartar_n country_n but_o to_o prevent_v this_o danger_n the_o russian_a do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o he_o both_o by_o bribe_n and_o present_n and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v unworthy_a the_o relation_n as_o i_o myself_o in_o 1654._o have_v be_v particular_o inform_v in_o that_o country_n from_o the_o deputy_n governor_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o archangel_n how_o the_o tartar_n come_v to_o lose_v that_o claim_n his_o hold_n and_o sovereignty_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o the_o russian_n ascribe_v to_o a_o certain_a boyar_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o basilius_n some_o a_o 100_o year_n since_o or_o nobleman_n entrust_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n which_o the_o tartar_n upon_o the_o last_o reduction_n and_o subjugation_n of_o russia_n have_v compel_v the_o great_a duke_n to_o sign_n a_o instrument_n of_o vassalage_n and_o fealty_n to_o he_o his_o supreme_a lord_n in_o his_o return_n besiege_v no_o other_o place_n then_o stand_v out_o against_o he_o this_o fortress_n he_o therefore_o strenuous_o attempt_v withal_o intimate_v to_o the_o governor_n when_o he_o see_v force_n will_v not_o present_o do_v that_o his_o master_n have_v himself_o yield_v and_o submit_v and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o he_o to_o resist_v unless_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o draw_v upon_o himself_o the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o have_v such_o a_o write_n etc._n etc._n to_o produce_v to_o this_o the_o prudent_a noble_a governor_n make_v present_a answer_n that_o if_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v real_a and_o he_o may_v see_v it_o for_o his_o justification_n to_o his_o prince_n upon_o the_o surrender_n it_o shall_v bind_v and_o conclude_v he_o which_o the_o unpractised_a tartar_n have_v no_o soon_o send_v into_o the_o castle_n but_o the_o governor_n cause_v it_o present_o to_o be_v tear_v into_o piece_n before_o the_o messenger_n face_n who_o he_o return_v with_o a_o more_o resolute_a defiance_n than_o at_o first_o and_o in_o fine_a so_o long_o delay_v he_o and_o so_o waste_v his_o army_n that_o the_o great_a duke_n resume_v his_o spirit_n be_v make_v to_o his_o relief_n when_o the_o
therefore_o uncertain_a revenue_n 2._o by_o his_o provision_n and_o purveyance_n of_o rent_n corn_n and_o victual_n raise_v some_o year_n to_o 200000._o rubble_n which_o coin_n make_v little_o more_o than_o a_o angel_n 3._o the_o poll_n money_n to_o 200._o thousand_o pound_n sterling_n 4._o his_o custom_n which_o arise_v chief_o and_o sole_o from_o his_o port_n of_o archangel_n and_o astracan_a to_o 400000_o l._n 5._o by_o his_o own_o domain_a escheat_n and_o forfeiture_n and_o present_v very_o considerable_a on_o this_o account_n all_o which_o may_v make_v up_o two_o million_o of_o pound_n sterling_n or_o two_o and_o a_o half_a at_o most_o which_o be_v no_o great_a sum_n be_v he_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o service_n of_o all_o his_o horseman_n who_o like_o the_o turk_n timariot_n have_v farm_n allow_v they_o as_o to_o his_o force_n and_o the_o militia_n of_o this_o empire_n they_o be_v of_o a_o very_a formidable_a and_o considerable_a power_n for_o first_o he_o have_v of_o his_o dworancy_n or_o the_o guard_n of_o his_o person_n 25000._o horseman_n who_o be_v always_o in_o readiness_n where_o ever_o he_o reside_v then_o there_o be_v land_n let_v out_o to_o several_a of_o his_o great_a man_n which_o be_v never_o alien_v from_o that_o use_n only_o the_o present_a proprietor_n change_v at_o his_o pleasure_n for_o the_o profit_n whereof_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v 65000._o horse_n more_o and_o these_o likewise_o be_v always_o to_o be_v ready_a at_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n which_o make_v a_o stand_a body_n of_o 90000._o which_o with_o officer_n and_o other_o volunteer_n be_v effectual_o in_o the_o field_n a_o hundred_o thousand_o beside_o these_o he_o may_v raise_v what_o additional_a number_n the_o country_n will_v afford_v vvi_a be_v so_o plentiful_a of_o horse_n that_o it_o be_v say_v he_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v 300000._o into_o the_o campania_n but_o it_o be_v of_o the_o other_o side_n suppose_v he_o can_v find_v so_o many_o rider_n by_o one_o half_a especial_o consider_v that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o these_o horse_n be_v in_o service_n his_o foot_n hardly_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 40000._o not_o only_o for_o that_o he_o confide_v not_o in_o his_o infantry_n as_o unapt_a to_o the_o war_n but_o because_o of_o the_o thinness_n of_o his_o country_n of_o late_a year_n he_o have_v find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o supply_v that_o defect_n by_o entertain_v foreign_a foot_n chief_o germane_a and_o once_o some_o english_a about_o the_o year_n 1633._o in_o a_o regiment_n transport_v by_o colonel_n sanderson_n amount_v to_o near_o 3000._o man_n at_o which_o time_n he_o besiege_v smolensko_n once_o a_o province_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o pole_n distant_a south-west_n 80._o polonian_a miles_n from_o moscow_n take_v by_o vasilowich_n and_o retake_v by_o the_o pole_n in_o 1610._o with_o the_o loss_n of_o 200000._o muscovite_n two_o year_n together_o at_o last_o come_v the_o pole_n when_o the_o russian_a be_v weary_v out_o and_o besiege_v the_o besieger_n and_o reduce_v they_o by_o famine_n to_o a_o surrender_n for_o which_o the_o general_n lose_v his_o head_n at_o musco_n although_o cousin_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o son_n be_v whip_v to_o death_n as_o be_v the_o major_a general_n the_o lieutenant_n general_n escape_v at_o the_o intercession_n of_o the_o english_a who_o have_v do_v excellent_a service_n and_o have_v teach_v the_o russian_n how_o to_o stand_v a_o shock_n of_o the_o pole_n lance_n and_o to_o break_v their_o troop_n and_o can_v give_v a_o handsome_a character_n of_o performance_n as_o to_o his_o part_n ever_o since_o which_o time_n the_o english_a officer_n have_v be_v high_o respect_v and_o prefer_v this_o emperor_n therefore_o be_v better_o provide_v of_o foot_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n who_o can_v never_o make_v 20000._o and_o therefore_o lose_v that_o they_o have_v gain_v because_o they_o want_v those_o stand_a defence_n to_o make_v good_a their_o ground_n have_v train_v up_o a_o number_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n to_o the_o discipline_n and_o by_o the_o example_n of_o stranger_n so_o that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v near_o 50000._o into_o the_o field_n if_o necessity_n require_v he_o be_v excellent_o and_o infinite_o store_v as_o much_o as_o any_o prince_n in_o christendom_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o artillery_n great_a and_o small_a with_o ammunition_n and_o provision_n suitable_a his_o soldier_n most_o patient_a of_o cold_a and_o hunger_n and_o sustain_v with_o little_a but_o better_a to_o maintain_v a_o fortress_n than_o to_o assault_v it_o or_o engage_v in_o battle_n notwithstanding_o they_o will_v do_v what_o they_o be_v command_v in_o the_o most_o present_a danger_n but_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o boldness_n or_o bravery_n of_o spirit_n they_o have_v be_v twice_o invade_v with_o the_o turk_n alone_o not_o join_v with_o the_o tartar_n the_o first_o time_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o vasilowich_n in_o 1569._o when_o selimus_n the_o second_o attempt_v to_o cut_v a_o navigable_a trench_n betwixt_o the_o tanais_n and_o the_o river_n volga_n and_o bring_v his_o fleet_n out_o of_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o the_o russian_a overthrow_v his_o force_n and_o spoil_v his_o navy_n and_o design_n together_o the_o other_o be_v in_o 1598._o by_o 70000._o of_o they_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n 40000._o of_o who_o be_v present_o numb_a and_o kill_v with_o the_o cold_a not_o know_v the_o russian_n prevent_v chirugery_n which_o be_v to_o rub_v their_o nose_n and_o ear_n every_o foot_n with_o ice_n or_o snow_n to_o recall_v the_o motive_n spirit_n to_o those_o part_n which_o otherwise_o they_o may_v lose_v the_o remainder_n run_v home_o to_o catch_v themselves_o a_o heat_n since_o which_o time_n the_o turk_n have_v never_o trouble_v this_o country_n nor_o do_v the_o russian_a think_v it_o worth_a his_o pain_n to_o invade_v his_o southward_n upon_o the_o euxine_a sea_n be_v part_v from_o all_o other_o his_o territory_n by_o poland_n moldavia_n and_o transylvania_n so_o that_o without_o their_o leave_n he_o can_v attempt_v nothing_o against_o he_o and_o their_o leave_n he_o be_v never_o like_a to_o have_v unless_o invincible_a necessity_n and_o calamity_n persuade_v it_o his_o continual_a goad_n and_o thorn_n be_v on_o the_o west_n of_o his_o dominion_n the_o pole_n and_o the_o swede_n to_o who_o he_o have_v lose_v more_o than_o he_o have_v gain_v of_o the_o tartar_n notwithstanding_o since_o the_o empire_n have_v be_v settle_v in_o this_o new_a family_n whereof_o there_o have_v be_v but_o two_o prince_n in_o the_o tract_n of_o near_o 50._o year_n especial_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o present_a great_a duke_n they_o have_v not_o get_v much_o ground_n nay_o the_o pole_n have_v lose_v the_o duchy_n of_o smolensko_n in_o 1654._o with_o some_o other_o place_n which_o be_v the_o present_a quarrel_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o polish_v expedition_n the_o peace_n with_o the_o swede_n which_o the_o russian_a prefer_v have_v be_v long_o in_o agitation_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v clog_v with_o so_o many_o demand_n and_o nice_a claim_n of_o both_o party_n but_o it_o be_v believe_v the_o russian_a must_v quit_v many_o of_o his_o pretension_n and_o punctilio_n lest_o that_o negotiation_n take_v no_o effect_n and_o the_o swede_n take_v advantage_n little_o else_o can_v be_v say_v of_o this_o monarch_n as_o to_o his_o interest_n in_o europe_n where_o he_o be_v never_o further_o concern_v than_o these_o two_o province_n of_o lithuania_n and_o livonia_n and_o scarce_o know_v to_o our_o part_n till_o almost_o 90._o year_n since_o they_o maintain_v correspondence_n with_o we_o in_o point_n of_o commerce_n only_o and_o with_o our_o nation_n especial_a friendship_n and_o affection_n particular_o towards_o the_o sovereign_n of_o england_n beside_o they_o be_v of_o very_o little_a or_o no_o address_n there_o be_v not_o a_o scholar_n among_o they_o for_o even_o their_o priest_n can_v but_o read_v furthermore_o they_o never_o make_v any_o alliance_n by_o marriage_n with_o any_o christian_a or_o neighbour_n prince_n but_o choose_v their_o wife_n from_o among_o their_o own_o subject_n nor_o do_v they_o marry_v their_o prince_n child_n to_o they_o in_o this_o like_o the_o grand_a signior_n who_o policy_n they_o resemble_v and_o certain_o this_o be_v some_o secret_a principle_n of_o state_n for_o it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o since_o wolmar_n the_o brother_n to_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n come_v thither_o a_o suitor_n to_o one_o of_o the_o sister_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v there_o nuzzle_v with_o a_o fruitless_a expectation_n of_o a_o match_n but_o in_o conclusion_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o escape_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n in_o sum_n they_o care_v not_o for_o indeed_o abhor_v the_o introduction_n of_o new_a custom_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n prohibit_v communication_n with_o stranger_n as_o the_o
discourse_n to_o these_o modern_a time_n of_o horse_n beside_o 12._o comet_n of_o foreigner_n he_o have_v in_o pay_n 240._o troop_n cavalier_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n which_o in_o all_o amount_v to_o above_o 30._o thousand_o of_o foot_n he_o have_v 210._o regiment_n some_o few_o of_o they_o of_o 30._o company_n and_o consist_v of_o 90._o man_n in_o a_o company_n not_o reckon_v in_o the_o swisser_n who_o make_v 6._o or_o 7000._o beside_o some_o scot_n irish_a italian_n and_o luycker_n at_o sea_n he_o have_v 30._o ship_n of_o war_n and_o 25._o galley_n and_o the_o number_n be_v now_o increase_v and_o their_o lord_n great_a admiral_n the_o duke_n of_o vendosme_n which_o be_v before_o a_o mere_a titulado_n with_o great_a profit_n and_o revenue_n become_v a_o officer_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o of_o great_a service_n in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o duke_n of_o beaufort_n his_o son_n command_v the_o fleet_n before_o algiers_n the_o king_n have_v four_o guard_n the_o first_o of_o french_a 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though_o they_o have_v now_o nine_o parliament_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o pau_n in_o bern_n add_v by_o lewis_n the_o 13_o yet_o be_v they_o no_o more_o such_o a_o constitution_n as_o we_o than_o our_o late_a high_a court_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v person_n pick_v for_o the_o usurper_n purpose_n the_o main_a work_n of_o these_o parliament_n be_v to_o ratify_v the_o king_n edict_n which_o be_v send_v to_o they_o with_o a_o command_n that_o such_o be_v our_o pleasure_n nor_o do_v this_o ratification_n when_o do_v signify_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o king_n act_n but_o be_v mere_o for_o show_v and_o to_o personate_v that_o authority_n which_o be_v in_o the_o former_a parliament_n even_o till_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o 13_o by_o which_o mean_n the_o king_n impose_v upon_o his_o subject_n what_o he_o list_v and_o supply_v that_o want_n of_o patrimony_n which_o be_v most_o alien_v and_o be_v the_o great_a blemish_n of_o this_o crown_n which_o command_v so_o fair_a and_o spacious_a a_o territory_n and_o yet_o have_v very_o few_o manor_n or_o house_n of_o its_o own_o except_z about_z paris_z and_o for_o the_o better_a support_n of_o this_o way_n of_o government_n the_o nobility_n be_v most_o of_o they_o employ_v in_o office_n and_o command_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o 12._o lieutenancy_n as_o imperious_a altogether_o as_o our_o late_a major_a general_n and_o who_o enjoy_v the_o sweet_n of_o their_o arbitrary_a power_n help_v to_o awe_v the_o people_n to_o a_o stupid_a acquiescence_n under_o their_o oppression_n and_o these_o governor_n continue_v during_o life_n and_o be_v sometime_o haereditary_a so_o that_o not_o seldom_o they_o have_v dispute_v it_o with_o the_o king_n and_o stand_v upon_o their_o term_n the_o interest_n of_o this_o crown_n be_v of_o late_a very_o perplex_v and_o very_o close_o carry_v the_o late_a league_n with_o spain_n seem_v to_o be_v zealous_o regard_v and_o many_o good_a word_n be_v give_v the_o emperor_n of_o assistance_n and_o friendship_n great_a respect_n be_v never_o give_v nor_o high_a profession_n of_o amity_n ever_o express_v towards_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o pope_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v reconcile_v and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o friendship_n between_o they_o be_v now_o in_o actu_fw-la by_o the_o pope_n performance_n of_o the_o conclusion_n make_v at_o pisa_n for_o that_o cardinal_n chigi_n the_o pope_n legate_n for_o the_o great_a solemnity_n of_o this_o affair_n be_v on_o his_o way_n with_o the_o satisfaction_n agree_v on_o the_o duke_n crequy_n be_v ready_a to_o return_v to_o rome_n where_o the_o pyramid_n be_v erect_v in_o memory_n of_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o corsi_n and_o don_n mario_n the_o pope_n nephew_n upon_o his_o departure_n but_o when_o all_o this_o be_v do_v no_o man_n conceive_v the_o christian_a world_n more_o assure_v or_o free_v from_o those_o jealousy_n which_o it_o have_v long_o conceive_v of_o the_o potency_n of_o this_o king_n he_o have_v late_o make_v a_o motion_n in_o germany_n about_o colmar_n and_o slecksladt_n and_o it_o be_v suspect_v they_o be_v the_o light_a trepidation_n of_o some_o great_a rupture_n thereabouts_o for_o that_o the_o french_a have_v long_o aim_v upon_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n be_v obvious_a to_o every_o eye_n and_o this_o prince_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v more_o ambitious_o bend_v upon_o that_o design_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n he_o have_v to_o the_o purpose_n baffle_v and_o terrify_v the_o pope_n the_o emperor_n left_a hand_n and_o scare_v he_o before_o hand_n and_o for_o his_o right_a hand_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n beside_o the_o peace_n between_o they_o he_o will_v not_o be_v remiss_a in_o foment_v the_o war_n with_o portugal_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n therefore_o give_v he_o fair_a word_n and_o will_v oblige_v he_o by_o perform_v his_o demand_n about_o those_o to_n he_o be_v sure_a of_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n so_o long_o as_o he_o enterprise_v not_o upon_o italy_n for_o than_o he_o will_v become_v a_o morsel_n between_o his_o grinder_n as_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n they_o do_v not_o care_v to_o see_v he_o there_o but_o love_v he_o well_o enough_o in_o france_n we_o neither_o suspect_v nor_o dread_v this_o riddle_n of_o fate_n nor_o shall_v want_v a_o sword_n to_o solve_v it_o if_o with_o the_o dutch_a and_o any_o body_n else_o he_o can_v make_v a_o threefold_a cord_n of_o it_o and_o so_o we_o leave_v he_o to_o the_o revolution_n of_o time_n his_o kingdom_n of_o navarre_n lie_v in_o spain_n we_o shall_v mention_v it_o there_o spain_n spain_n be_v defend_v towards_o france_n on_o the_o north_n with_o confine_n strengthen_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n viz._n by_o the_o natural_a height_n of_o the_o pyrenean_n mountain_n which_o separate_v the_o one_o country_n from_o the_o other_o and_o by_o the_o artificial_a fort_n of_o scialon_n parpignian_n and_o pampalone_n the_o metropolis_n of_o navarre_n on_o all_o other_o side_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n its_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n or_o member_n but_o we_o shall_v mention_v one_o only_o here_o viz._n 1._o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n 2._o the_o state_n of_o italy_n sicily_n etc._n etc._n and_o 3._o flanders_n and_o 4._o the_o dominion_n of_o india_n spain_n be_v by_o the_o spaniard_n for_o the_o great_a grace_n divide_v into_o 15._o kingdom_n namely_o castille_n arragon_n murcia_n granada_n gallicia_n guypuscoa_n biscay_n oviedo_n leon_n corduba_n toledo_n navarre_n catalonia_n majorca_n valentia_n and_o last_o portugal_n but_o it_o be_v wrest_v from_o the_o spanish_a dominion_n as_o it_o be_v former_o and_o now_o be_v a_o distinct_a sovereignty_n we_o will_v treat_v of_o the_o other_o 14._o together_o and_o of_o that_o by_o itself_o the_o country_n itself_o be_v very_o