by_o his_o wife_n repicha_n a_o â—â—rave_a and_o warlike_a prince_n this_o duke_n have_v considerable_a advantage_n by_o have_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n long_o before_o his_o father_n death_n who_o for_o some_o time_n be_v superâ—â—nnuated_a he_o obtain_v great_a conquest_n over_o the_o hungarian_n moravian_o and_o german_n and_o war_n be_v the_o 15._o first_o that_o bring_v the_o polish_v army_n to_o a_o discipline_n by_o institute_v general_n colonel_n captain_n and_o other_o subaltern_n officer_n among_o they_o he_o regain_v what_o the_o popielsâ—â—ost_o â—â—ost_z and_o beside_o considerable_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n by_o new_a conquest_n character_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o boundless_a resolution_n seem_v destine_v for_o war_n 22._o be_v able_a to_o undergo_v the_o great_a fatigue_n and_o consequent_o be_v exceed_o admire_v and_o belove_v by_o his_o subject_n he_o die_v at_o gnesna_n be_v bury_v death_n there_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 892._o lescus_n iu._n who_o be_v elect_v young_a be_v under_o the_o care_n of_o governor_n for_o some_o time_n he_o be_v of_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a disposition_n character_n incline_v rather_o to_o peace_n than_o war_n and_o content_v to_o preserve_v what_o his_o father_n have_v leave_v he_o without_o ever_o aim_v to_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 913_o and_o be_v death_n succeed_v by_o his_o son_n character_n ziemovistus_n who_o reign_v 51_o year_n this_o prince_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o his_o father_n there_o have_v be_v no_o war_n in_o his_o time_n he_o have_v but_o one_o son_n â—â—ecislaus_n i._n who_o be_v bear_v blind_a be_v miracuâ—â—ously_o restore_v to_o his_o sight_n about_o the_o age_n of_o seven_o year_n when_o he_o be_v about_o to_o have_v his_o head_n shave_v according_a to_o the_o pagan_a custom_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o magi_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o prognosticate_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v the_o light_n of_o poland_n which_o not_o long_o after_o his_o election_n death_n come_v to_o pass_v ziemovistus_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o gnesna_n and_o his_o son_n 964._o miecislaus_fw-la i._n come_v to_o the_o crown_n next_o he_o have_v seven_o wife_n at_o a_o time_n yet_o can_v have_v no_o child_n by_o they_o which_o open_v a_o way_n christian_n for_o the_o christian_a faith_n to_o enter_v poland_n for_o there_o be_v then_o several_a christian_n wander_v up_o and_o down_o that_o country_n to_o convert_v those_o pagan_n they_o come_v to_o this_o duke_n and_o tell_v he_o he_o can_v never_o have_v any_o issue_n till_o he_o have_v turn_v christian_a which_o miecislaus_fw-la harken_v to_o immediate_o put_v away_o all_o his_o wife_n and_o wife_n marry_v dambrawca_n daughter_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n on_o condition_n to_o turn_v christian_a and_o be_v baptize_v whereupon_o pope_n john_n xiii_o send_v cardinal_n aegidius_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o priest_n into_o poland_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n there_o which_o before_o have_v be_v altogether_o unknown_a in_o that_o country_n this_o duke_n erect_v the_o archbishoprics_a of_o gnesna_n and_o cracow_n with_o several_a bishopric_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n miecislaus_fw-la have_v a_o son_n call_v boleslâ—â—us_o which_o mighty_o augment_v his_o zeal_n to_o oblige_v his_o subject_n to_o be_v convert_v 19_o for_o he_o cause_v a_o law_n to_o be_v make_v that_o while_o any_o part_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v at_o mass_n every_o man_n shall_v half_o draw_v his_o scimitar_n to_o testify_v their_o forwardness_n to_o defend_v that_o faith_n war_n this_o duke_n have_v war_n with_o vlodimirus_n duke_n of_o russia_n to_o who_o he_o lose_v premislia_n and_o other_o to_n he_o send_v lambert_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o rome_n to_o obtain_v leave_n of_o pope_n benedict_n vii_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v style_v king_n but_o be_v refuse_v this_o pontiff_n not_o be_v yet_o dispose_v to_o grant_v that_o favour_n he_o bury_v dambrawca_n and_o afterward_o marry_v judith_n daughter_n of_o jesse_n prince_n of_o hungary_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 999._o boleslaus_n chrobry_n a_o virtuous_a prince_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 999._o and_o 130._o after_o some_o year_n reign_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o pope_n be_v dignify_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n by_o 1005._o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o who_o also_o remit_v the_o pretension_n his_o predecessor_n have_v to_o poland_n as_o be_v emperor_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o this_o in_o consideration_n of_o a_o kind_a entertainment_n make_v he_o by_o boleslaus_n in_o his_o pilgrimage_n on_o account_n of_o his_o health_n to_o the_o tomb_n of_o st._n adalbert_n bishop_n of_o prague_n who_o be_v martyr_v by_o some_o pagan_n to_o who_o he_o offer_v to_o preach_v the_o christian_a faith_n of_o these_o barbarian_n boleslaus_n buy_v his_o body_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v bury_v at_o gnesna_n whither_o great_a number_n from_o all_o part_n come_v to_o pay_v their_o devotion_n at_o his_o shrine_n the_o emperor_n otho_n also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n marry_v his_o niece_n rixa_fw-la to_o boleslaus_n his_o young_a son_n miecislaus_fw-la who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n to_o confirm_v his_o be_v crown_v king_n by_o otho_n the_o emperor_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o recite_v part_n of_o a_o old_a epitaph_n write_v upon_o he_o ob_fw-la famam_fw-la bonam_fw-la tibi_fw-la contulit_fw-la otto_n coronam_fw-la propter_fw-la luctamen_fw-la sit_fw-la tibi_fw-la salus_fw-la amen_n 22._o this_o king_n be_v surname_v chrobry_n signify_v in_o polish_v acute_a from_o the_o quickness_n and_o excellency_n of_o his_o part_n boleslaus_n make_v bohemia_n moravia_n and_o prussia_n tributary_n to_o poland_n war_n he_o also_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o saxon_n who_o make_v incursion_n into_o pomerania_n which_o be_v then_o govern_v by_o lescus_n iii_n family_n he_o assistant_n likewise_o institute_v twelve_o senator_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o government_n this_o king_n death_n be_v so_o sincere_o regret_v that_o for_o a_o year_n time_n there_o be_v no_o mirth_n nor_o splendour_n in_o poland_n 71._o this_o prince_n be_v of_o a_o undaunted_a character_n spirit_n though_o withal_o modest_a courteous_a and_o endear_n both_o boleslaus_n and_o his_o father_n lie_v bury_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n death_n of_o posnan_n who_o tomb_n i_o have_v there_o see_v his_o son_n 1025._o miecislaus_fw-la ii_o being_n about_o 35_o year_n old_a be_v elect_v next_o be_v crown_v by_o hippolytus_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o degenerate_v in_o all_o respect_n from_o his_o father_n and_o lose_v most_o of_o those_o conquest_n which_o he_o have_v add_v war_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o he_o the_o bohemian_n and_o â—â—avians_n refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n yet_o he_o â—â—ued_v pomerania_n which_o belong_v of_o right_n he_o polish_v crown_n he_o be_v a_o person_n very_o â—â—y_a and_o stupid_a and_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v character_n â—â—ed_v by_o his_o queen_n and_o companion_n than_o council_n which_o make_v he_o soon_o slight_v and_o â—â—ised_v both_o by_o his_o friend_n and_o enemy_n yet_o reign_v almost_o nine_o year_n and_o live_v forty_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v say_v he_o die_v mad_a and_o leave_v but_o death_n son_n 10â—â—4_n casimir_n i._n who_o be_v elect_v young_a his_o â—â—ther_n rixa_fw-la officiate_v the_o regency_n during_o regent_z minority_n this_o king_n be_v not_o choose_v withâ—â—_n much_o difficulty_n for_o many_o of_o the_o elector_n â—â—ing_n he_o may_v follow_v his_o father_n step_n viâ—â—ously_o oppose_v he_o at_o first_o also_o the_o polesâ—â—re_v â—â—re_z dissatisfy_v with_o his_o mother_n admiâ—â—ration_n for_o several_a reason_n among_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v her_o rob_v the_o treasury_n and_o afterwards_o fly_v with_o her_o son_n to_o her_o brother_n â—â—sar_n in_o saxony_n this_o young_a prince_n be_v send_v afterward_o his_o mother_n to_o study_v at_o paris_n become_v a_o bedictin_a monk_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o â—â—luncy_n in_o france_n the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n have_v no_o body_n to_o â—â—eside_v in_o their_o government_n have_v great_a disâ—â—sions_n among_o they_o and_o therefore_o earnest_o entreat_v the_o pope_n to_o dispense_v with_o casiâ—â—r's_n vow_n that_o he_o may_v return_v to_o his_o throne_n schich_v they_o at_o length_n obtain_v upon_o 71._o agreeent_n that_o for_o each_o head_n except_o those_o of_o the_o obility_n and_o clergy_n they_o will_v contribute_v early_o a_o farthing_n to_o maintain_v a_o lamp_n perpetual_o burn_v in_o st._n peter_n church_n at_o râ—â—_n and_o moreover_o for_o ever_o after_o cause_v their_o hâ—â—_n to_o be_v shave_v about_o their_o ear_n like_o moâ—â—_n which_o be_v practise_v to_o this_o day_n as_o likeâ—â—_n stand_v in_o a_o white_a surplice_n while_o mass_n be_v â—â—ciating_a recall_v on_o all_o holiday_n upon_o these_o conditor_n they_o have_v their_o king_n again_o but_o when_o he_o â—â—_o crown_v i_o
woievod_n of_o cracovia_n to_o who_o the_o king_n after_o the_o fight_n send_v a_o hare-skin_n and_o spinning-wheel_n for_o recompense_n nevertheless_o this_o one_o defeat_n stick_v so_o close_o to_o he_o that_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v leave_v four_o son_n among_o who_o issue_n he_o divide_v his_o kingdom_n this_o king_n perform_v a_o great_a many_o more_o memorable_a action_n which_o my_o lord_n because_o they_o may_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o insert_v here_o i_o have_v omit_v 72._o character_n he_o be_v of_o a_o undaunted_a spirit_n a_o great_a despiser_n of_o danger_n and_o no_o less_o a_o observer_n of_o truth_n and_o right_n very_o liberal_a and_o generous_a upon_o the_o small_a occasion_n and_o moreover_o endue_v with_o singular_a clemency_n and_o modesty_n he_o be_v further_a very_o ambitious_a of_o glory_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n no_o enemy_n to_o peace_n though_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v train_v up_o to_o war_n from_o his_o very_a cradle_n to_o 1140._o uladislaus_n surname_v the_o driveler_n his_o elder_a son_n he_o leave_v the_o supreme_a power_n which_o be_v confirm_v and_o he_o elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1140_o but_o reign_v only_o six_o year_n and_o to_o the_o other_o three_o he_o give_v only_o some_o separate_a province_n which_o afterward_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a disorder_n in_o poland_n for_o the_o elder_a brother_n vladislaus_n pretend_v to_o dispossess_v brother_n the_o other_o three_o turn_v his_o brother_n boleslaus_n out_o of_o the_o palatinate_v of_o ploskow_n and_o masovia_n and_o his_o brother_n henry_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o sendomir_n who_o both_o retire_a to_o their_o three_o brother_n that_o govern_v posnania_n 73._o vladislaus_n have_v always_o with_o he_o a_o nobleman_n call_v d_o peter_n dunin_n who_o take_v out_o one_o day_n to_o hunt_v they_o happen_v to_o be_v so_o late_o abroad_o that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o lie_v all_o night_n in_o a_o wood_n where_o for_o diversion_n the_o king_n begin_v to_o joke_v with_o his_o companion_n after_o this_o manner_n dunin_n quoth_v he_o i._n believe_v your_o wife_n lie_v more_o at_o ease_n to_o night_n with_o the_o abbot_n scrinnen_n than_o we_o do_v to_o which_o dunin_n forget_v himself_o tart_o reply_v and_o it_o may_v be_v your_o majesty_n do_v the_o same_o with_o dobessus_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v a_o handsome_a fellow_n about_o court_n that_o his_o queen_n christina_n love_v this_o answer_n so_o nettle_v the_o king_n that_o he_o afterward_o employ_v the_o same_o dobessus_n to_o be_v revenge_v revenge_n on_o dunin_n which_o he_o effect_v by_o pull_v out_o his_o tongue_n and_o eye_n hereupon_o the_o people_n perceive_v how_o cruel_o vladislaus_n persecute_v his_o own_o brother_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n how_o ill_o he_o treat_v his_o subject_n begin_v to_o be_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o disaffect_v to_o he_o whereby_o his_o brother_n party_n great_o increase_a he_o be_v beat_v by_o they_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o besiege_v posnan_n wherefore_o discover_v new_a faction_n hourly_o appear_v against_o he_o and_o fear_v some_o ill_a fate_n from_o a_o universal_a hatred_n he_o timely_o withdraw_v into_o germany_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_o cousin_n kingdom_n german_a to_o his_o queen_n christina_n who_o several_a time_n endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o his_o brother_n boleslaus_n crispus_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o the_o crown_n vladislaus_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v for_o silesia_n only_o which_o afterward_o fall_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o bohemia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v out_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o prince_n lie_v bury_v at_o attenburg_n death_n a_o city_n of_o germany_n in_o alsace_n vladislaus_n with_o his_o son_n have_v abdicate_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n his_o second_o brother_n 1146._o boleslaus_n crispus_n or_o the_o frizzle_a be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1146_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1175_o yet_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n do_v what_o he_o can_v to_o restore_v vladislaus_n to_o effect_v which_o he_o first_o send_v ambassador_n into_o poland_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n then_o he_o resolve_v to_o make_v war_n with_o the_o pole_n but_o defer_v it_o till_o his_o expedition_n against_o asia_n be_v over_o to_o facilitate_v which_o he_o have_v obtain_v leave_n to_o pass_v through_o boleslaus_n his_o dominion_n to_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o at_o his_o return_n be_v constant_o solicit_v by_o vladislaus_n and_o his_o queen_n he_o march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n against_o poland_n yet_o war_n what_o with_o delay_n stratagem_n and_o ambuscadoe_n he_o be_v so_o fatigue_v by_o the_o pole_n that_o he_o can_v do_v nothing_o till_o at_o last_o he_o be_v call_v home_o to_o appease_v some_o intestine_a broil_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n which_o have_v effect_v he_o soon_o after_o die_v his_o successor_n frederic_n barberossa_n also_o espouse_v vladislaus_n his_o cause_n but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o favour_n by_o ambassador_n he_o march_v with_o a_o numerous_a army_n against_o the_o pole_n which_o they_o likewise_o harass_v and_o weary_v out_o till_o they_o have_v oblige_v that_o emperor_n to_o strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o he_o be_v in_o war_n at_o the_o same_o time_n against_o milan_n by_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o boleslaus_n shall_v remit_v silesia_n to_o vladislaus_n who_o posterity_n afterward_o divide_v it_o into_o several_a dutchy_n till_o at_o last_o it_o come_v to_o the_o empire_n this_o great_a province_n my_o lord_n as_o i_o observe_v in_o my_o journey_n through_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o fertile_a and_o plentiful_a country_n in_o all_o germany_n boleslaus_n begin_v another_o war_n against_o the_o prussian_n for_o refuse_v to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n and_o force_v they_o to_o this_o compliance_n that_o they_o shall_v submit_v in_o case_n he_o leave_v they_o to_o their_o religion_n but_o otherwise_o they_o bold_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v rather_o die_v than_o become_v christian_n again_o whereupon_o boleslaus_n be_v force_v to_o grant_v they_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n yet_o they_o soon_o revolt_v and_o by_o a_o 78._o stratagem_n entire_o rout_v the_o polish_v army_n and_o death_n kill_v his_o brother_n henry_n this_o king_n die_v not_o long_o after_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n 1174._o miecislaus_fw-la surname_v the_o old_a brother_n to_o boleslaus_n succeed_v he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1174_o and_o reign_v only_o to_o 1178._o he_o be_v call_v the_o old_a from_o his_o great_a sagacity_n and_o prudence_n in_o his_o youth_n his_o covetousness_n policy_n induce_v he_o to_o hoard_v up_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o oppress_v the_o gentry_n and_o people_n with_o unreasonable_a tax_n and_o sell_v all_o employment_n though_o against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o extreme_a avarice_n bring_v he_o to_o be_v general_o hate_v by_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n whereupon_o 88_o gedeon_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n endeavour_v several_a time_n to_o incline_v he_o to_o pity_v his_o subject_n and_o despise_v money_n since_o he_o have_v no_o need_n of_o it_o but_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hearken_v to_o his_o advice_n wherefore_o this_o bishop_n concert_v together_o with_o the_o gentry_n to_o dethrone_v he_o and_o remit_v dethrone_v the_o crown_n to_o casimir_n his_o brother_n who_o more_o deserve_v it_o which_o they_o effectual_o do_v after_o some_o little_a bloodshed_n here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o covertousness_n be_v the_o great_a vice_n that_o any_o prince_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o especial_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o subject_n as_o your_o lordship_n doubtless_o have_v observe_v be_v general_o liberal_a even_o to_o extravagance_n at_o first_o casimir_n refuse_v the_o crown_n offer_v he_o allege_v it_o be_v his_o brother_n right_a and_o that_o such_o a_o alteration_n may_v occasion_v civil_a war_n which_o he_o by_o no_o mean_n have_v any_o mind_n to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o but_o when_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v they_o will_v have_v no_o other_o king_n and_o can_v never_o more_o obey_v miecislaus_fw-la 1178._o casimir_n ii_o consent_v to_o accept_v of_o the_o government_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1178_o and_o reign_v to_o 1195._o he_o be_v surname_v the_o just_a be_v altogether_o unlike_o his_o brother_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a particular_a 82._o be_v at_o play_n with_o a_o gentleman_n of_o he_o name_v conarius_n whilst_o he_o be_v prince_n of_o sendomir_n and_o have_v win_v all_o his_o adversary_n money_n the_o gentleman_n in_o a_o passion_n strike_v he_o over_o the_o face_n and_o flee_v but_o next_o day_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o be_v adjudge_v by_o every_o body_n to_o have_v deserve_v death_n for_o his_o insolence_n not_o example_n at_o all_o reply_v the_o good_a prince_n for_o be_v affect_v with_o his_o loss_n and_o not_o
be_v lawful_o they_o but_o that_o also_o they_o think_v the_o pole_n oblige_v to_o give_v they_o either_o more_o land_n or_o more_o money_n to_o recompense_v the_o several_a kindness_n they_o have_v do_v pope_n they_o hereupon_o the_o pope_n excommunicate_v this_o order_n and_o the_o pole_n under_o command_n of_o their_o king_n march_v direct_o against_o '_o they_o here_o locticus_n make_v a_o eloquent_a speech_n to_o army_n his_o army_n represent_v the_o many_o affront_v and_o injustice_n they_o have_v receive_v from_o a_o little_a sect_n of_o people_n to_o which_o his_o predecessor_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v out_o of_o mere_a goodness_n give_v their_o protection_n when_o banish_v from_o their_o own_o country_n by_o the_o saracen_n then_o he_o enlarge_v upon_o the_o covetousness_n and_o ambition_n of_o this_o order_n and_o conclude_v by_o encourage_v his_o man_n to_o fight_v brave_o and_o not_o suffer_v those_o to_o become_v their_o master_n who_o be_v at_o first_o their_o vassal_n hereupon_o the_o pole_n animate_v by_o this_o speech_n of_o their_o king_n though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o their_o enemy_n yet_o fight_v so_o sierce_o and_o brave_o that_o they_o entire_o rout_v the_o teutonic_n order_n order_n and_o kill_v about_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o their_o man_n though_o they_o themselves_o have_v have_v the_o presumption_n to_o affirm_v that_o they_o do_v not_o lose_v above_o five_o or_o six_o hundred_o 131._o among_o the_o wound_a there_o be_v one_o florianus_n szari_n knight_n of_o that_o order_n who_o have_v his_o belly_n open_v with_o a_o scymiter_n and_o his_o gut_n drop_v out_o which_o he_o hold_v up_o with_o his_o hand_n the_o king_n pass_v by_o pity_v he_o whereupon_o the_o knight_n say_v to_o he_o sir_n a_o man_n in_o his_o village_n suffer_v more_o than_o i_o do_v when_o he_o have_v bad_a neighbour_n the_o king_n admire_v at_o this_o die_a man_n thought_n immediate_o cause_v his_o surgeon_n to_o take_v care_n of_o he_o and_o when_o he_o be_v well_o give_v he_o land_n that_o have_v no_o bad_a neighbour_n about_o it_o 78._o this_o vladislaus_n it_o seem_v not_o be_v thorough_o satisfy_v with_o premislus_n his_o right_n to_o transmit_v the_o title_n of_o king_n to_o his_o posterity_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o pope_n send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o his_o holiness_n to_o request_v a_o liberty_n for_o himself_o pope_n and_o his_o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la to_o be_v crown_v which_o be_v forthwith_o grant_v and_o the_o ceremony_n perform_v in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o cracow_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o other_o bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 1320._o the_o king_n long_o after_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1333._o 1333._o casimir_n the_o great_a succeed_v his_o father_n locticus_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1333_o and_o knight_n reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1370._o he_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n that_o be_v not_o at_o all_o advantageous_a or_o honourable_a to_o the_o polish_v nation_n the_o knight_n be_v thereby_o still_o to_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o prussia_n dantzic_n and_o pomerania_n notwithstanding_o the_o threaten_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o bull_n of_o excommunication_n this_o casimir_n have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v the_o last_o male_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n wherefore_o that_o the_o crown_n may_v not_o go_v altogether_o out_o of_o his_o family_n before_o his_o death_n he_o 166._o prevail_v with_o the_o pole_n to_o elect_v charles_n king_n of_o hungary_n his_o own_o sister_n son_n but_o he_o die_v before_o casimir_n his_o son_n lewis_n be_v choose_v the_o pole_n have_v several_a conquest_n time_n conquer_v russia_n but_o it_o be_v never_o enjoy_v peaceable_o till_o casimir_n time_n who_o have_v have_v better_a success_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n annex_v it_o as_o a_o province_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o province_n of_o masovia_n be_v likewise_o conquer_v by_o he_o and_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n 135._o the_o pole_n have_v never_o hitherto_o any_o write_a law_n and_o but_o very_o few_o make_v deed_n till_o casimir_n begin_v to_o make_v institution_n name_n judge_n create_v magistrate_n build_v fort_n and_o to_o establish_v a_o better_a oeconomy_n in_o the_o kingdom_n than_o any_o prince_n before_o he_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n seem_v very_o rational_a and_o political_a to_o he_o have_v have_v a_o sensible_a experience_n of_o the_o good_a government_n of_o this_o order_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n wherefore_o he_o introduce_v their_o law_n into_o poland_n which_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o and_o be_v call_v the_o magdeburg_n law_n character_n this_o casimir_n be_v a_o very_a lewd_a prince_n but_o withal_o exceed_o liberal_a and_o just_a he_o keep_v a_o jewish_a concubine_n at_o who_o request_n he_o grant_v great_a privilege_n to_o that_o people_n he_o gain_v so_o well_o the_o good_a opinion_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o be_v style_v the_o father_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o a_o great_a many_o 122._o german_n who_o be_v oppress_v by_o their_o own_o prince_n in_o his_o time_n come_v into_o poland_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o inhabit_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n the_o daughter_n of_o boguslaus_fw-la duke_n of_o pomerania_n be_v then_o marry_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n casimir_n celebrate_v the_o nuptial_n with_o great_a splendour_n and_o magnisicence_n at_o cracow_n where_o assist_v lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n sigismond_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o petrua_n king_n of_o cyprus_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o many_o prince_n of_o germany_n poland_n and_o other_o country_n valachia_n at_o that_o time_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o republic_n of_o itself_o have_v before_o have_v governor_n which_o they_o call_v hospodar_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v dead_a and_o his_o child_n aspire_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n casimir_n send_v a_o army_n to_o support_v war_n they_o but_o by_o a_o ambush_n of_o the_o valachian_n place_v in_o a_o wood_n be_v entire_o defeat_v casimir_n die_v soon_o after_o this_o of_o a_o fall_n from_o his_o death_n horse_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n this_o king_n reign_v thirty_o seven_o year_n and_o live_v sixty_o 102._o he_o be_v surname_v the_o great_a be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o have_v have_v that_o title_n among_o the_o polish_v prince_n not_o because_o he_o have_v gain_v a_o great_a many_o victory_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o beautiful_a structure_n and_o fortress_n he_o have_v build_v as_o likewise_o of_o the_o many_o beneficial_a law_n and_o constituion_n which_o he_o have_v make_v casimir_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n have_v cause_v his_o own_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n 1370._o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n to_o be_v elect_v for_o his_o successor_n during_o his_o life-time_n who_o be_v crown_v according_o in_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o and_o reign_v 12_o year_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o extraordinary_o well_o satisfy_v with_o he_o be_v a_o foreign_a prince_n and_o therefore_o oath_n oblige_v he_o before_o they_o will_v crown_v he_o to_o take_v a_o 13._o oath_n not_o only_o to_o maintain_v their_o former_a privilege_n but_o also_o to_o enlarge_v they_o for_o hitherto_o the_o successor_n of_o piastus_n have_v almost_o have_v a_o absolute_a power_n in_o poland_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o their_o present_a king_n have_v hungary_n after_o some_o time_n lewis_n be_v force_v to_o return_v into_o hungary_n to_o settle_v some_o affair_n there_o when_o he_o leave_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n during_o his_o absence_n to_o his_o mother_n elizabeth_n his_o go_v away_o occasion_v great_a trouble_n for_o the_o russian_n rebel_v and_o the_o lithuanian_n make_v incursion_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o poland_n the_o pole_n also_o be_v divide_v among_o themselves_o they_o can_v not_o endure_v to_o see_v their_o town_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o hungarian_a garrison_n and_o beside_o they_o be_v so_o much_o displease_v with_o their_o king_n be_v leave_v they_o to_o the_o government_n of_o his_o mother_n who_o they_o neither_o love_v nor_o esteem_v that_o they_o send_v to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o they_o think_v it_o honour_n enough_o for_o himself_o to_o govern_v poland_n all_o these_o trouble_n and_o distrust_v soon_o oblige_v the_o king_n to_o return_v into_o poland_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n of_o hungarian_n where_o he_o first_o march_v war_n against_o the_o rebel_n russian_n and_o subdue_v they_o next_o against_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n soon_o after_o which_o he_o die_v and_o be_v death_n bury_v at_o belgrade_n in_o hungary_n in_o the_o 56th_o year_n of_o his_o age_n have_v reign_v 12_o year_n he_o issue_n leave_v two_o daughter_n but_o no_o son_n one_o of_o which_o marry_v to_o sigismond_n the_o emperor_n
son_n and_o the_o other_o name_v hedwigis_fw-la he_o leave_v to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n etc._n this_o prince_n be_v very_o curious_a to_o know_v what_o opinion_n people_n have_v of_o he_o and_o be_v also_o exact_a in_o reform_v the_o fault_n they_o lay_v to_o his_o example_n charge_n for_o this_o purpose_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o disguise_v himself_o and_o inquire_v among_o the_o people_n how_o they_o like_v their_o king_n and_o what_o they_o think_v amiss_o in_o he_o and_o according_a to_o their_o answer_n he_o redress_v the_o grievance_n suggest_v to_o he_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v hitherto_o give_v you_o a_o succinct_a account_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n next_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o present_v your_o lordship_n likewise_o with_o that_o of_o jagello_n be_v still_o a_o continuation_n of_o piastus_n his_o family_n in_o the_o line_n of_o a_o daughter_n of_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n when_o lewis_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n die_v his_o daughter_n hedwigis_fw-la be_v with_o her_o mother_n the_o queen_n dowager_n in_o hungary_n the_o pole_n though_o there_o be_v several_a prince_n of_o the_o race_n of_o piastus_n leave_v in_o poland_n and_o silesia_n yet_o either_o because_o they_o do_v not_o think_v they_o deserve_v or_o else_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o believe_v they_o engage_v in_o their_o enemy_n interest_n send_v a_o solemn_a embassy_n for_o the_o young_a princess_n 1382._o hedwigis_fw-la who_o soon_o come_v into_o poland_n with_o cardinal_n demetrius_n the_o bishop_n of_o strigonia_n and_o several_a other_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n of_o hungary_n at_o her_o arrival_n the_o pole_n receive_v she_o with_o great_a joy_n splendour_n and_o magnificence_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n bozenta_n crown_v she_o after_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n at_o cracow_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n hedwigis_fw-la always_o religious_o observe_v in_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1382_o and_o she_o reign_v alone_o four_o year_n this_o young_a princess_n be_v not_o yet_o marry_v suitor_n have_v several_a noble_a suitor_n among_o which_o ziemovitus_n duke_n of_o masovia_n be_v the_o first_o who_o she_o refuse_v the_o next_o be_v william_n of_o austria_n who_o come_v in_o person_n to_o court_v she_o he_o she_o like_v but_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n consent_n to_o a_o marriage_n with_o he_o have_v always_o have_v a_o maxim_n which_o they_o never_o hitherto_o break_v that_o they_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n admit_v any_o of_o that_o family_n to_o their_o crown_n and_o this_o fear_v so_o powerful_a a_o neighbour_n may_v one_o time_n or_o other_o find_v mean_n to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a in_o their_o country_n but_o at_o last_o jagello_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n have_v better_a fortune_n for_o he_o soon_o obtain_v she_o by_o the_o great_a christian_n and_o advantageous_a proffer_v he_o make_v the_o pole_n he_o first_o promise_v to_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n with_o all_o his_o country_n who_o be_v before_o fagan_o next_o to_o unite_v lithuania_n to_o poland_n during_o his_o time_n under_o the_o same_o form_n of_o government_n and_o last_o that_o in_o case_n his_o male_a race_n fail_v it_o shall_v for_o ever_o after_o be_v annex_v to_o that_o kingdom_n hereupon_o jagello_n be_v baptize_v and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o 1386._o uladislaus_n v._o and_o after_o have_v consummate_v the_o marriage_n with_o hedwigis_fw-la be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o archbishop_n bozenta_fw-mi in_o the_o year_n 1386._o and_o reign_v 48_o year_n not_o long_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o go_v with_o priest_n into_o lithuania_n lithuanian_n and_o in_o a_o twelve_o month_n time_n convert_v all_o that_o nation_n but_o this_o not_o so_o much_o by_o their_o preach_a and_o vigilance_n as_o by_o his_o own_o exemplary_a zeal_n and_o persuasion_n 87._o after_o cracow_n this_o he_o erect_v the_o university_n of_o cracow_n which_o casimir_n the_o great_a have_v only_o begin_v and_o send_v to_o prague_n in_o bohemia_n for_o learned_a man_n to_o instruct_v the_o youth_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o science_n which_o have_v never_o before_o be_v teach_v in_o this_o country_n about_o this_o time_n queen_n hedwigis_fw-la dies_fw-la die_v after_o have_v endow_v the_o university_n to_o encourage_v learning_n order_n this_o prince_n have_v long_a war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n which_o then_o very_o much_o insult_v over_o the_o frontier_n of_o his_o kingdom_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o a_o little_a incline_v to_o be_v revenge_v on_o this_o proud_a and_o powerful_a people_n now_o poland_n not_o be_v alone_o sufficient_a to_o withstand_v they_o jagello_n make_v up_o a_o considerable_a army_n of_o pole_n lithuanian_n russian_n and_o tartar_n with_o all_o which_o he_o march_v direct_o towards_o they_o who_o be_v get_v ready_a to_o receive_v he_o with_o a_o body_n of_o about_o 140000_o man_n yet_o notwithstanding_o after_o a_o long_a and_o doubtful_a fight_n the_o pole_n happen_v to_o have_v the_o better_a and_o entire_o rout_v the_o teutonic_n army_n kill_v their_o great_a master_n conrade_n of_o thuningen_n with_o about_o 30000_o soldier_n and_o near_o 15000_o take_v prisoner_n this_o victory_n the_o pole_n pursue_v so_o far_o that_o they_o take_v most_o of_o the_o town_n in_o prussia_n and_o doubtless_o have_v entire_o destroy_v that_o order_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n '_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n who_o soon_o force_v the_o pole_n to_o make_v peace_n with_o they_o and_o to_o restore_v all_o they_o have_v take_v from_o '_o they_o afterward_o jagello_n have_v several_a other_o conflict_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o all_o which_o he_o conquer_v death_n he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n in_o russia_n after_o have_v reign_v forty_o eight_o year_n and_o some_o month_n and_o lie_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o cracow_n this_o king_n have_v have_v four_o wife_n all_o which_o he_o issue_n cause_v to_o be_v crown_v and_o two_o son_n vladislaus_n vi_o and_o casimir_n iu._n though_o his_o son_n 1435._o uladislaus_n the_o six_o be_v but_o nine_o year_n old_a when_o his_o father_n die_v yet_o after_o long_a debate_n and_o great_a opposition_n in_o the_o diet_n he_o be_v elect_v at_o briescia_n in_o the_o year_n 1435_o and_o reign_v ten_o year_n 167._o he_o be_v so_o young_a when_o he_o be_v choose_v that_o his_o coronation_n oath_n be_v fain_o to_o be_v dispense_v with_o his_o mother_n sophia_n and_o some_o of_o the_o peer_n have_v promise_v he_o shall_v take_v it_o when_o he_o come_v of_o age._n regent_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o senate_n be_v regent_n during_o his_o minority_n some_o while_n after_o the_o tartar_n make_v great_a incursion_n into_o podolia_n which_o then_o belong_v to_o poland_n when_o have_v kill_v the_o polish_v general_n bucarius_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n they_o retire_v with_o great_a booty_n into_o their_o own_o country_n after_o this_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n albert_n hungary_n have_v no_o king_n to_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o turk_n who_o threaten_v it_o on_o all_o side_n send_v ambassador_n to_o vladislaus_n to_o entreat_v he_o to_o come_v and_o be_v their_o king_n which_o after_o some_o deliberation_n he_o accept_v of_o and_o go_v into_o that_o kingdom_n notwithstanding_o the_o cabal_n and_o party_n of_o the_o empress_n elizabeth_n who_o be_v leave_v four_o month_n go_v with_o child_n he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o hungary_n at_o buda_n the_o child_n hungary_n the_o empress_n go_v with_o be_v afterward_o bear_v and_o call_v ladislaus_n but_o she_o die_v not_o long_o after_o leave_v king_n vladislaus_n in_o peace_n at_o least_o at_o home_n till_o the_o turk_n oblige_v he_o to_o take_v arm_n for_o his_o defence_n abroad_o for_o amurath_n emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n be_v not_o only_o then_o on_o his_o march_n to_o besiege_v belgrade_n in_o person_n but_o also_o command_v the_o hungarian_n to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n hereupon_o vladislaus_n be_v force_v to_o declare_v turk_n war_n against_o he_o and_o under_o the_o command_n of_o huniades_n send_v a_o army_n make_v up_o of_o pole_n and_o hungarian_n to_o oppose_v he_o which_o come_v upon_o he_o by_o night_n surprise_v the_o turkish_a army_n near_o the_o river_n morava_n in_o hungary_n and_o make_v such_o a_o slaughter_n of_o they_o that_o it_o be_v think_v the_o turk_n lose_v above_o 30000_o man_n that_o day_n after_o this_o happy_a victory_n vladislaus_n banish_v all_o those_o infidel_n out_o of_o hungary_n and_o pursue_v they_o to_o the_o very_a frontier_n of_o macedon_n in_o greece_n where_o he_o gain_v a_o second_o battle_n over_o carambeius_n general_n of_o the_o troop_n of_o asia_n take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o drive_v his_o army_n into_o mountain_n and_o inaccessible_a place_n the_o king_n be_v wound_v in_o this_o action_n etc._n upon_o this_o occasion_n john_n palcologus_n emperor_n of_o
1267_o endeavour_v to_o subdue_v russia_n he_o be_v circumvent_v by_o leo_n duke_n thereof_o who_o build_v leopol_n and_o slay_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o wrowsko_n lithuania_n with_o he_o the_o family_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n be_v extinct_a vtenus_n or_o vcienus_n utenus_fw-la descend_v from_o the_o kitauri_fw-la prince_n in_o that_o country_n be_v unanimous_o elect_v first_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n who_o have_v have_v divers_a war_n with_o the_o russian_n and_o prussian_n die_v and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son_n swintorohus_n swintorohus_n who_o reign_v but_o little_a though_o very_o well_o died_z and_o leave_v behind_o he_o his_o son_n germontus_n germontus_n who_o rule_v also_o a_o very_a little_a while_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n trahus_n trahus_o who_o govern_v well_o both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n for_o some_o time_n and_o build_v a_o town_n and_o castle_n after_o his_o own_o name_n this_o great_a duke_n leave_v behind_o he_o five_o legitimate_a child_n viz._n narimundus_n dowmantus_n holsanus_fw-la giedrutus_n and_o troidenus_n who_o all_o separately_z succeed_v their_o father_n in_o his_o dominion_n narimundus_n narimundus_n the_o elder_a have_v for_o his_o part_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n with_o samogitia_n both_o which_o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o by_o the_o prerogative_n of_o his_o birth_n he_o translate_v the_o ducal_z seat_n from_o novogrodec_n to_o kiernow_n his_o first_o war_n be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o his_o brother_n upon_o poland_n russia_n masovia_n and_o prussia_n then_o he_o declare_v war_n against_o his_o brother_n dowmant_n for_o take_v away_o his_o wife_n who_o he_o soon_o recover_v and_o drive_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o his_o dominion_n who_o fly_v to_o the_o russian_n of_o polocz_n be_v universal_o receive_v for_o their_o prince_n this_o duke_n be_v record_v in_o the_o russian_a annal_n to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o the_o lithuanian_a arm_n which_o be_v in_o a_o field_n gules_a a_o person_n arm_v cap-a-pe_n sables_n ride_v full_a speed_n on_o a_o horse_n argent_fw-fr and_o flourish_v a_o sword_n over_o his_o head_n of_o the_o three_o to_o he_o succeed_v his_o brother_n troidenus_n but_o first_o a_o account_n of_o the_o other_o brother_n dowmant_n dowmant_n have_v for_o his_o share_n the_o district_n of_o cosnia_n where_o he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o vcian_n holsanus_fw-la holsanus_n the_o three_o brother_n be_v allot_v his_o division_n beyond_o the_o river_n wilia_n towards_o the_o east_n giedrutus_n giedrutus_n or_o giedrotus_n the_o four_o brother_n build_v a_o castle_n upon_o a_o lake_n call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n and_o where_o he_o fix_v the_o seat_n of_o his_o duchy_n who_o descendant_n be_v famous_a even_o to_o this_o day_n troidenus_n the_o five_o brother_n troidenus_n succeed_v narimundus_n in_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n who_o have_v gather_v together_o a_o army_n of_o about_o 30000_o man_n divide_v they_o into_o three_o part_n one_o whereof_o he_o send_v against_o masovia_n and_o the_o other_o two_o against_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n in_o prussia_n where_o have_v destroy_v divers_a town_n he_o return_v with_o a_o great_a booty_n of_o captive_n and_o cattle_n the_o same_o year_n cujavia_n be_v overrun_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n some_o small_a time_n after_o which_o dowmant_n prince_n of_o polocz_n be_v provoke_v to_o see_v his_o young_a brother_n on_o his_o father_n throne_n hire_v three_o rustic_n to_o murder_v he_o as_o he_o go_v into_o a_o bath_n which_o they_o effect_v but_o dowmant_n march_v with_o a_o formidable_a army_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o lithuania_n be_v meet_v and_o vanquish_v by_o rimunt_fw-la rimunt_fw-la son_n to_o troidenus_n who_o thereupon_o succeed_v his_o father_n for_o a_o while_n but_o afterward_o call_v a_o diet_n at_o kiernow_n he_o public_o renounce_v his_o right_n and_o retire_v to_o a_o monastical_a life_n constitute_v 1281._o vithenes_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o kitauri_n descend_v of_o the_o roman_a prince_n great_a duke_n this_o prince_n be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o brave_a and_o warlike_a spirit_n wherefore_o rimunt_fw-la when_o it_o be_v demand_v of_o he_o why_o he_o put_v by_o the_o family_n of_o his_o uncle_n giedrutus_n and_o holsanus_n answer_v because_o there_o be_v none_o but_o child_n among_o they_o when_o a_o prince_n of_o lithuania_n ought_v to_o correspond_v with_o the_o arm_n of_o that_o country_n invent_v by_o his_o uncle_n narimund_n which_o be_v a_o warrior_n on_o horseback_n arm_v cap-a-pe_n and_o post_v to_o subdue_v his_o enemy_n this_o great_a duke_n vithenes_n begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1281._o the_o year_n follow_v he_o invade_v the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n and_o continue_v destroy_v it_o for_o fifteen_o day_n together_o till_o at_o length_n lescus_n the_o black_a king_n of_o poland_n be_v animate_v thereto_o by_o a_o vision_n meet_v and_o fight_v he_o between_o the_o river_n narew_n and_o niemen_n where_o the_o latter_a gain_v a_o signal_n victory_n in_o testimony_n whereof_o he_o found_v a_o parochial_a church_n at_o lublin_n and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o st._n michael_n the_o archangel_n 1287._o in_o the_o year_n 1287_o the_o lithuanian_n prussian_n and_o samogitian_n make_v a_o descent_n upon_o dobrina_n and_o surprise_v the_o capital_a city_n thereof_o on_o sunday_n when_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v busy_v at_o devotion_n kill_v and_o carry_v away_o great_a number_n of_o they_o into_o slavery_n 1289._o afterward_o in_o 1289_o the_o lithuanian_n to_o the_o number_n only_o of_o 8000_o invade_v a_o part_n of_o prussia_n burn_v kill_a and_o destroy_v wherever_o they_o come_v but_o before_o the_o country_n can_v make_v head_n against_o they_o they_o be_v retire_v with_o great_a spoil_n to_o requite_v which_o next_o year_n the_o prussian_n march_v into_o lithuania_n where_o they_o kill_v and_o take_v vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o likewise_o possess_v themselves_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o commendador_n of_o koningsberg_n of_o the_o strong_a castle_n merabde_v afterward_o memer_n great_a master_n of_o prussia_n enter_v lithuania_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n and_o entire_o destroy_v two_o district_n not_o long_o after_o this_o vithenes_n invade_v cujavia_n and_o burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n about_o bressici_fw-la and_o likewise_o carry_v away_o great_a number_n into_o captivity_n 1293._o in_o the_o year_n 1293_o conradus_n stange_n commendador_n of_o ragneta_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o mindog_n in_o lithuania_n which_o vithenes_n soon_o requite_v by_o enter_v prussia_n and_o destroy_v it_o eighty_o day_n together_o 1294._o afterward_o in_o 1294_o vithenes_n with_o a_o body_n only_o of_o 1800_o horse_n march_v through_o wood_n and_o by-road_n surprise_v a_o great_a concourse_n of_o people_n meet_v in_o the_o collegiate_n church_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi whereof_o the_o great_a part_n he_o kill_v and_o the_o other_o consist_v chief_o of_o ecclesiastic_n he_o carry_v away_o for_o slave_n the_o church_n he_o robe_v and_o those_o that_o flee_v he_o stifle_v by_o fire_v all_o the_o house_n around_o they_o after_o which_o march_v about_o the_o country_n he_o drive_v away_o all_o their_o cattle_n but_o upon_o his_o return_n meet_v with_o casimir_n palatine_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi he_o be_v brave_o oppose_v for_o a_o while_n till_o number_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o valour_n and_o he_o entire_o rout_v the_o christian_n near_o soâ—â—aczow_n which_o have_v effect_v he_o return_v peaceable_o into_o his_o country_n this_o vithenes_n have_v a_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n name_v gediminus_n who_o be_v of_o a_o haughty_a and_o ambitious_a temper_n conspire_v together_o with_o the_o great_a duchess_n to_o take_v away_o his_o master_n life_n which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o bring_v about_o and_o have_v marry_v his_o princess_n he_o seize_v upon_o the_o crown_n 1300._o gedeminus_n become_v great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o year_n 1300_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o who_o reign_n the_o prussian_a and_o livonian_a knight_n have_v get_v together_o a_o numerous_a army_n invade_v samogitia_n which_o they_o soon_o overrun_v burn_v and_o destroy_v wherever_o they_o come_v and_o take_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o kunossow_n by_o assault_n wherein_o they_o make_v prisoner_n the_o grand_a general_n of_o lithuania_n the_o year_n follow_v gedeminus_n to_o revenge_v these_o insupportable_a injury_n have_v raise_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n together_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o russian_n and_o tartar_n march_v direct_o against_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n when_o meet_v they_o near_o the_o river_n okmiena_n both_o army_n come_v to_o blow_n and_o so_o continue_v for_o several_a hour_n till_o at_o length_n the_o samogitian_n forsake_v the_o knight_n side_n come_v over_o to_o gedeminus_n who_o strength_n thereby_o be_v great_o augment_v as_o that_o of_o his_o enemy_n weaken_v he_o fall_v furious_o in_o among_o they_o and_o soon_o put_v
be_v the_o metrâ—â—polis_n of_o poland_n in_o which_o all_o the_o king_n by_o the_o constitution_n be_v to_o be_v crown_v though_o they_o be_v to_o live_v at_o warsaw_n 55._o there_o go_v a_o frivolous_a story_n of_o a_o monstrous_a dragon_n that_o rage_v in_o those_o day_n near_o this_o city_n who_o with_o his_o poisonous_a breath_n kill_v all_o that_o come_v near_o he_o and_o likewise_o sometime_o sally_v abroad_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o thousand_o to_o prevent_v which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o throw_v he_o every_o day_n three_o ox_n which_o at_o length_n almost_o cause_v a_o famine_n duke_n cracus_n make_v use_v of_o a_o stratagem_n to_o destroy_v he_o which_o be_v this_o he_o order_v a_o ox_n hide_n to_o be_v stuff_v full_a of_o sulphur_n nitre_n pitch_n and_o the_o like_a and_o to_o be_v cast_v to_o the_o monster_n who_o take_v it_o for_o no_o other_o than_o his_o daily_a offer_n greedy_o devour_v it_o but_o quick_o find_v himself_o inflame_v with_o so_o great_a a_o drought_n that_o he_o soon_o after_o burst_v with_o drink_v in_o the_o river_n vistula_n death_n after_o this_o duke_n death_n he_o be_v ybury_v by_o his_o own_o order_n on_o a_o little_a hill_n in_o sight_n of_o the_o town_n and_o this_o to_o put_v the_o citizen_n in_o mind_n of_o their_o founder_n he_o leave_v three_o child_n issue_n cracus_n lechus_n and_o venda_n whereof_o ii_o lechus_n ii_o to_o obtain_v the_o principality_n murder_v his_o elder_a brother_n cracus_n in_o a_o wood_n death_n which_o be_v soon_o detect_v he_o be_v banish_v the_o country_n and_o die_v in_o exile_n 750._o venda_fw-la a_o virgin_n which_o show_v the_o affection_n the_o pole_n have_v always_o have_v for_o the_o royal_a family_n succeed_v he_o she_o be_v a_o very_a beautiful_a princess_n and_o among_o several_a other_o be_v court_v by_o one_o 161._o ritiger_n a_o german_a prince_n who_o not_o prove_v much_o in_o her_o favour_n come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o force_v she_o to_o marry_v he_o but_o be_v brave_o oppose_v and_o vanquish_v by_o she_o as_o the_o polish_v historian_n will_v have_v it_o though_o the_o german_a affirm_v the_o contrary_a and_o say_v she_o drown_v herself_o upon_o his_o pursue_v she_o close_o death_n which_o the_o other_o pretend_v be_v occasion_v by_o her_o hear_n ritiger_n be_v a_o handsome_a man_n and_o have_v kill_v himself_o in_o a_o rage_n with_o this_o princess_n cracus_n his_o family_n be_v woievod_n extinct_a the_o pole_n choose_v a_o second_o time_n twelve_o woievod_n who_o fall_v out_o as_o before_o among_o themselves_o and_o the_o hungarian_n and_o moravian_o depose_v invade_v their_o country_n they_o think_v fit_a to_o elect_v one_o premislus_n a_o goldsmith_n for_o their_o duke_n afterward_o call_v 750._o lescus_n i._o the_o reason_n of_o who_o be_v choose_v be_v a_o stratagem_n he_o have_v contrive_v that_o save_v the_o pole_n when_o they_o be_v in_o distress_n by_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v they_o be_v in_o the_o field_n against_o the_o hungarian_n and_o moravian_o and_o find_v themselves_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o their_o enemy_n this_o goldsmith_n contrive_v a_o way_n to_o make_v they_o seem_v more_o numerous_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o gain_v they_o a_o complete_a victory_n to_o effect_v which_o he_o get_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o helmet_n make_v of_o the_o bark_n stratagem_n of_o tree_n which_o he_o daub_v over_o with_o quicksilver_n and_o gall_n and_o by_o night_n hang_v they_o in_o order_n of_o a_o army_n on_o small_a bough_n at_o the_o side_n of_o a_o wood_n which_o the_o enemy_n next_o morning_n perceive_v by_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o polish_v army_n march_v direct_o towards_o they_o when_o the_o pole_n who_o be_v behind_o the_o tree_n remove_v the_o helmet_n the_o enemy_n think_v they_o have_v retreat_v for_o fear_n whereupon_o hot_o pursue_v they_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o wood_n the_o pole_n who_o lie_v in_o ambush_n surround_v and_o cut_v they_o all_o to_o piece_n he_o govern_v the_o pole_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n for_o a_o good_a while_n none_o during_o his_o reign_n dare_v to_o molest_v that_o country_n how_o long_o he_o uncertain_a reign_v and_o where_o and_o of_o what_o distemper_n he_o die_v be_v uncertain_a horse-race_n this_o duke_n leave_v no_o issue_n a_o horse-race_n be_v institute_v wherein_o the_o victor_n be_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o government_n hereupon_o a_o stone_n pillar_n be_v raise_v before_o cracow_n on_o which_o be_v â—â—aid_v the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n and_o other_o regalia_z and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o herald_n proclaim_v the_o throne_n to_o he_o that_o get_v first_o from_o the_o river_n pardnic_n to_o the_o goal_n upon_o which_o several_a candidate_n appear_v one_o lescus_n think_v himself_o wise_a than_o the_o rest_n lay_v iron_n spikes_n in_o the_o road_n where_o the_o race_n be_v to_o be_v run_v by_o which_o the_o other_o horse_n be_v defeat_v â—â—amed_v he_o come_v first_o to_o the_o pillar_n but_o this_o fraud_n be_v soon_o detect_v instead_o of_o be_v choose_v he_o be_v tear_v to_o piece_n on_o the_o spot_n and_o 776._o lescus_n ii_o a_o poor_a country_n fellow_n who_o the_o pole_n look_v upon_o to_o be_v destine_v for_o their_o prince_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 776_o who_o while_o the_o other_o horse_n be_v hamper_v by_o the_o way_n run_v the_o race_n on_o foot_n for_o want_v of_o a_o horse_n though_o rather_o to_o show_v his_o swiftness_n than_o out_o of_o any_o thought_n of_o the_o crown_n get_v next_o the_o impostor_n to_o the_o goal_n example_n this_o duke_n in_o commemoration_n of_o his_o former_a condition_n will_v once_o a_o year_n solemn_o â—â—ay_v by_o his_o robe_n and_o put_v on_o his_o country_n clothes_n which_o he_o preserve_v whilst_o he_o live_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o which_o induce_v all_o the_o courtier_n to_o be_v as_o mean_o clothe_v at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o write_v that_o he_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o death_n war_n against_o charles_n the_o great_a 804._o lescus_n iii_o his_o son_n succeed_v he_o be_v choose_v in_o the_o year_n 804._o he_o soon_o force_v the_o uncertain_a aforesaid_a emperor_n to_o a_o peace_n but_o when_o he_o die_v i_o find_v no_o mention_n make_v he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v above_o twenty_o natural_a son_n 810._o popiel_n his_o son_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 810._o this_o prince_n have_v none_o of_o the_o good_a quality_n either_o of_o his_o father_n or_o grandfather_n his_o great_a vice_n care_n be_v to_o make_v much_o of_o himself_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o public_a he_o think_v cracow_n too_o much_o expose_v to_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o hungarian_n and_o russian_n and_o therefore_o for_o security_n of_o his_o person_n withdraw_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o country_n first_o to_o gnesna_n and_o afterward_o to_o cruswitz_n where_o he_o soon_o after_o death_n die_v sudden_o 11._o his_o common_a 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constantinople_n the_o pope_n and_o many_o other_o victory_n christian_a prince_n send_v ambassador_n to_o compliment_v he_o afterward_o amurath_n under_o pretence_n of_o ransome_v carambeius_n send_v minister_n to_o treat_v of_o a_o peace_n but_o vladislaus_n will_v only_o agree_v to_o a_o truce_n for_o ten_o year_n after_o this_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n send_v to_o their_o king_n vladislaus_n to_o return_v among_o they_o but_o he_o be_v advise_v by_o several_a christian_a prince_n especial_o the_o pope_n who_o send_v a_o nuncio_n to_o he_o on_o purpose_n to_o break_v the_o truce_n and_o continue_v the_o war_n instead_o of_o comply_v with_o the_o pole_n request_v march_v immediate_o with_o all_o the_o troop_n he_o can_v get_v together_o into_o bulgaria_n and_o come_v to_o nicopolis_n capital_a of_o this_o province_n where_o 175._o dromla_n or_o dracula_n palatin_n of_o moldavia_n meet_v he_o he_o earnest_o entreat_v he_o to_o keep_v his_o royal_a promise_n with_o the_o turk_n though_o enemy_n to_o the_o christian_a belief_n but_o perceive_v the_o king_n be_v inflexible_a resolution_n to_o continue_v the_o war_n give_v he_o 4000_o man_n under_o his_o own_o son_n command_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n amurath_n who_o after_o the_o truce_n agree_v upon_o with_o vladislaus_n go_v to_o conquer_v a_o certain_a people_n of_o asia_n call_v caramani_n hear_v of_o this_o great_a army_n march_v against_o he_o turn_v his_o force_n consist_v as_o jovius_n relate_v of_o about_o 80000_o man_n to_o meet_v they_o and_o near_o the_o town_n of_o varna_n fight_v they_o where_o by_o his_o camel_n fright_v the_o polish_v and_o hungarian_a horse_n together_o with_o the_o invincible_a courage_n of_o his_o janissary_n he_o entire_o defeat_v the_o christian_a army_n and_o kill_v king_n vladislaus_n turk_n in_o the_o year_n 1445._o whereupon_o some_o body_n make_v a_o satirical_a epitaph_n upon_o this_o unfortunate_a king_n as_o follows_z 88_o romulidae_fw-la cannae_n ego_fw-la varnam_n call_v notavi_fw-la discite_fw-la mortales_fw-la non_fw-la temerare_fw-la fidem_fw-la i_o nisi_fw-la pontifices_fw-la jussissent_fw-la rumpere_fw-la foedus_fw-la non_fw-la ferret_n scythicum_fw-la pannonis_fw-la ora_fw-la jugum_n ever_o after_o this_o the_o turk_n always_o fortify_v themselves_o against_o the_o christian_n who_o they_o think_v can_v never_o keep_v either_o their_o oath_n or_o word_n and_o not_o long_o after_o mahomet_n the_o great_a take_v constantinople_n in_o the_o year_n 1453_o wherein_o constantin_n paleologus_fw-la the_o last_o christian_a emperor_n of_o the_o east_n be_v crowd_v to_o death_n in_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n king_n vladislaus_n leave_v no_o child_n his_o brother_n 1446._o casimir_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n be_v elect_v next_o and_o crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1446_o and_o reign_v forty_o five_o year_n he_o marry_v marriage_n the_o princess_n elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n albert_n ii_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o prussian_n throw_v off_o the_o heavy_a yoke_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o put_v themselves_o under_o casimir_n protection_n knight_n hereupon_o this_o king_n go_v in_o person_n into_o prussia_n to_o take_v their_o allegiance_n and_o fidelity_n where_o he_o likewise_o grant_v they_o many_o privilege_n who_o thereupon_o oblige_v themselves_o especial_o at_o dantzic_n to_o maintain_v the_o king_n and_o his_o court_n for_o four_o day_n whenever_o he_o shall_v please_v to_o come_v again_o in_o person_n among_o '_o they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o teutonic_n knight_n get_v together_o a_o strong_a army_n in_o bohemia_n and_o germany_n with_o which_o they_o immediate_o march_v against_o casimir_n and_o rout_v he_o before_o he_o can_v execute_v his_o design_n of_o besiege_v order_n marienburg_n and_o several_a other_o town_n which_o that_o order_n have_v yet_o leave_v in_o prussia_n casimir_n not_o a_o little_a sensible_a of_o this_o affront_n to_o lose_v a_o battle_n where_o he_o himself_o be_v like_a to_o have_v be_v kill_v call_v a_o diet_n and_o prevail_v so_o far_o upon_o the_o gentry_n as_o to_o grant_v he_o half_a their_o yearly_o revenue_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o teutonic_n order_n by_o which_o mean_v after_o a_o long_a and_o obstinate_a dispute_n he_o at_o last_o oblige_v they_o to_o accept_v of_o article_n of_o peace_n wherein_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n be_v mediator_n by_o this_o agreement_n they_o be_v to_o restore_v to_o poland_n all_o peace_n pomerania_n the_o territory_n of_o culm_n and_o michalow_a with_o the_o city_n of_o marienburg_n stuma_n and_o elbing_n and_o be_v to_o be_v leave_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o rest_n only_o on_o condition_n that_o their_o great_a master_n for_o ever_o after_o shall_v be_v prince_n and_o senator_n of_o poland_n and_o take_v oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n the_o moldavian_n likewise_o by_o their_o hospodar_n desire_n casimir_n protection_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o offer_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o he_o as_o vassal_n and_o a_o tributary_n nation_n which_o they_o continue_v for_o a_o long_a while_n after_o issue_n this_o king_n have_v four_o son_n whereof_o vladislaus_n be_v first_o choose_v king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o afterward_o of_o hungary_n for_o this_o last_o kingdom_n after_o their_o king_n death_n have_v entreat_v casimir_n to_o send_v one_o of_o his_o son_n to_o reign_v over_o they_o whereupon_o vladislaus_n than_o king_n of_o bohemia_n march_v speedy_o into_o hungary_n with_o a_o small_a body_n to_o prevent_v any_o of_o his_o brother_n pretend_v to_o that_o crown_n nevertheless_o his_o brother_n john_n albert_n go_v soon_o after_o with_o another_o army_n to_o oppose_v he_o and_o meet_v and_o fight_v he_o but_o vladislaus_n have_v get_v the_o better_a be_v crown_v not_o long_o after_o yet_o he_o be_v kind_a to_o his_o brother_n and_o give_v he_o some_o town_n in_o silesia_n which_o then_o belong_v to_o bohemia_n diet._n in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o king_n casimir_n the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n first_o appear_v at_o the_o diet_n for_o before_o the_o king_n and_o senator_n have_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o make_v law_n 89._o hartknoch_n say_v that_o till_o this_o king_n reign_n the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v very_o rare_o speak_v in_o poland_n for_o that_o when_o the_o king_n of_o sueden_n have_v a_o certain_a interview_n with_o casimir_n at_o dantzic_n neither_o casimir_n nor_o any_o of_o his_o court_n can_v discourse_v with_o he_o in_o latin_a but_o be_v fain_o to_o be_v behold_v to_o a_o monk_n to_o do_v that_o office_n for_o they_o which_o casimir_n be_v much_o ashamed_a of_o public_o command_v all_o his_o officer_n forthwith_o to_o set_v about_o the_o study_n of_o that_o language_n from_o which_o time_n the_o pole_n have_v continue_v great_a prosicients_n therein_o nay_o beyond_o any_o other_o nation_n whatsoever_o death_n this_o prince_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1492_o and_o lie_v bury_v at_o cracow_n have_v reign_v forty_o five_o year_n and_o live_v sixty_o four_o 1493._o john_n albert_n succeed_v his_o father_n casimir_n be_v think_v the_o fit_a though_o i_o do_v not_o read_v he_o be_v the_o elder_a of_o his_o son_n he_o be_v crown_v king_n in_o the_o year_n 1493_o and_o reign_v valachian_n nine_o year_n this_o prince_n be_v very_a ambition_n but_o withal_o unfortunate_a for_o design_v to_o reduce_v the_o valachian_n who_o be_v then_o vassal_n to_o poland_n and_o who_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n they_o see_v that_o kingdom_n in_o will_v refuse_v or_o pay_v obedience_n and_o who_o will_v sometime_o side_n with_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n to_o ravage_v it_o 198._o he_o the_o better_a to_o compass_v his_o intention_n pretend_v to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n march_v with_o his_o army_n through_o valachia_n as_o if_o he_o design_v nothing_o but_o to_o make_v his_o way_n into_o turkey_n but_o be_v once_o get_v into_o this_o country_n he_o cause_v his_o soldier_n to_o pick_v a_o quarrel_n with_o the_o valachian_n for_o not_o provide_v they_o with_o forage_n as_o they_o desire_v which_o however_o be_v not_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o do_v for_o a_o army_n of_o 80000_o man_n which_o he_o valachian_n have_v with_o he_o hereupon_o he_o besieges_n sozisaw_n one_o of_o their_o strong_a town_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n defend_v themselves_o so_o well_o and_o stephen_n their_o hospodar_n so_o fatigue_v the_o besieger_n by_o take_v their_o convoy_n and_o intercept_n their_o provision_n that_o at_o last_o albert_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n when_o the_o hospodar_n greedy_o pursue_v he_o destroy_v great_a â—â—art_n of_o his_o army_n in_o a_o wood_n where_o he_o have_v lay_v a_o ambush_n soon_o after_o this_o the_o hospodar_n to_o be_v far_o revenge_v on_o the_o pole_n call_v to_o his_o assistance_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n who_o all_o join_v together_o enter_v poland_n with_o a_o prodigious_a army_n and_o carry_v away_o
about_o 100000_o captive_n of_o which_o the_o great_a part_n be_v russian_n the_o moldavian_n and_o valachian_n quick_o return_v home_o but_o the_o turk_n out_o of_o covetousness_n of_o plunder_n stay_v till_o the_o great_a frost_n and_o snow_n surprise_v they_o when_o not_o be_v use_v to_o such_o excessive_a cold_a as_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a to_o above_o 40000_o of_o they_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n 201._o some_o among_o they_o that_o escape_v be_v force_v to_o cut_v open_a their_o horse_n belly_n and_o thrust_v themselves_o into_o they_o to_o preserve_v their_o natural_a heat_n after_o this_o turk_n john_n albert_n make_v peace_n with_o the_o valachian_n and_o bajazet_n emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n next_o he_o go_v in_o person_n into_o prussia_n to_o oblige_v frederic_n duke_n of_o saxony_n then_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n to_o take_v oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o which_o he_o have_v for_o some_o time_n refuse_v but_o die_v sudden_o at_o thorn_n 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time_n to_o relieve_v it_o oblige_v the_o muscovite_n to_o make_v peace_n for_o six_o year_n in_o his_o time_n also_o the_o moldavian_n and_o tartar_n make_v eruption_n into_o poland_n but_o be_v beat_v back_o with_o great_a loss_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v kill_v only_o of_o the_o tartar_n in_o that_o action_n near_o 20000._o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o person_n at_o this_o victory_n he_o then_o lie_v sick_a at_o vilna_n capital_a death_n of_o lithuania_n where_o he_o die_v soon_o after_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o that_o city_n character_n 356._o he_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a stature_n have_v a_o long_a visage_n and_o black_a hair_n be_v very_o strong_a build_v but_o exceed_v dull-witted_a and_o consequent_o but_o a_o little_a talker_n he_o exceed_v all_o his_o brother_n in_o generosity_n and_o be_v wont_n to_o delight_n much_o in_o musician_n and_o such_o trifle_a artist_n nevertheless_o this_o his_o liberality_n be_v general_o esteem_v but_o prodigality_n insomuch_o that_o some_o be_v so_o hold_v as_o to_o say_v that_o he_o die_v in_o time_n or_o else_o both_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n may_v have_v be_v lavish_v away_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a pernicious_a generosity_n for_o the_o future_a 90._o the_o diet_n make_v a_o law_n call_v it_o statutum_n alexandrinum_n by_o which_o they_o revoke_v all_o this_o king_n be_v profuse_a gift_n alexander_n leave_v no_o child_n and_o but_o two_o brother_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n die_v before_o he_o 1507._o sigismond_n be_v prefer_v to_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n either_o because_o the_o gentry_n be_v more_o affect_v to_o he_o be_v breed_v among_o they_o or_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v afraid_a of_o vladislaus_n great_a power_n he_o be_v elect_v at_o petricovia_n in_o the_o year_n 1507_o and_o reign_v forty_o one_o year_n when_o sigismond_n leave_v his_o government_n of_o lithuania_n to_o come_v into_o poland_n he_o substitute_v one_o glinski_n a_o great_a â—â—avourite_n of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v in_o his_o room_n etc._n this_o palatin_n have_v great_a authority_n among_o the_o lithuanian_n become_v so_o ambitious_a as_o to_o think_v of_o make_v himself_o absolute_a which_o conceal_v for_o a_o good_a while_n at_o length_n he_o agree_v with_o basilius_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n to_o allow_v he_o his_o share_n of_o that_o province_n in_o case_n he_o will_v afford_v he_o his_o assistance_n which_o proposal_n the_o great_a duke_n be_v please_v with_o ready_o consent_v to_o and_o with_o all_o expedition_n dispatch_v away_o a_o army_n to_o glinski_n but_o as_o such_o great_a design_n be_v not_o army_n to_o be_v carry_v on_o without_o great_a noise_n and_o suspicion_n sigismond_n come_v soon_o to_o hear_v of_o this_o treacherous_a enterprise_n whereupon_o draw_v up_o all_o his_o force_n to_o oppose_v the_o intend_a invasion_n he_o meet_v and_o defeat_v their_o army_n ravages_n and_o destroy_v their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o oblige_v they_o to_o sue_v for_o peace_n which_o he_o not_o without_o some_o difficulty_n grant_v war_n afterward_o the_o valachian_n and_o tartar_n make_v incursion_n into_o russia_n and_o poland_n he_o force_v they_o to_o return_v home_o with_o great_a loss_n the_o muscovite_n likewise_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o a_o second_o time_n and_o take_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n with_o all_o the_o country_n about_o it_o he_o beat_v their_o army_n in_o several_a engagement_n and_o have_v kill_v in_o all_o above_o 30000_o of_o their_o man_n retake_v smolensko_n and_o make_v they_o accept_v of_o a_o peace_n the_o second_o time_n for_o five_o year_n he_o soon_o after_o marriage_n marry_a buona_n sforza_n daughter_n to_o john_n galeatio_n duke_n of_o milan_n afterward_o he_o make_v order_n war_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n his_o sister_n son_n and_o then_o great_a master_n refuse_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o the_o late_a war_n hereupon_o sigismond_n take_v from_o he_o some_o town_n and_o have_v great_a advantage_n over_o he_o in_o several_a engagement_n but_o however_o albert_n have_v considerable_a succour_n send_v he_o from_o germany_n prolong_v the_o war_n for_o a_o good_a while_n in_o prussia_n about_o this_o time_n martin_n luther_n doctrine_n come_v to_o be_v know_v in_o these_o part_n and_o most_o of_o the_o citizen_n of_o 226._o dantzic_n embrace_v it_o for_o which_o at_o first_o the_o king_n be_v very_o severe_a with_o they_o but_o at_o length_n fear_v that_o to_o preserve_v their_o religion_n they_o may_v side_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n against_o he_o he_o grant_v they_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n all_o this_o while_n that_o order_n make_v vigorous_a resistance_n and_o with_o equal_a loss_n on_o both_o side_n fatigue_v the_o polish_v army_n till_o at_o last_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o both_o party_n to_o make_v the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o and_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n arbitrator_n who_o determine_v that_o sigismond_n shall_v relinquish_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n all_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o prussia_n which_o be_v above_o half_a of_o that_o great_a province_n and_o that_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n shall_v mediation_n for_o ever_o enjoy_v it_o as_o they_o have_v actual_o do_v ever_o since_o without_o any_o disturbance_n from_o sigismond_n but_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o duke_n of_o prussia_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o send_v to_o their_o service_n every_o year_n in_o time_n of_o war_n a_o hundred_o horse_n ready_a equipt_n which_o those_o king_n be_v to_o maintain_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n from_o the_o time_n they_o go_v out_o of_o prussia_n at_o this_o time_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v not_o a_o little_a jealous_a of_o the_o exorbitant_a power_n and_o vast_a dominion_n of_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n for_o not_o only_a sigismond_n possess_v poland_n the_o great_a dutchy_n of_o lithuania_n smolensko_n and_o severia_n and_o likewise_o all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o euxine_a and_o baltic_a sea_n but_o also_o his_o nephew_n lewis_n son_n of_o vladislaus_n be_v king_n of_o hungary_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n insomuch_o that_o they_o secret_o raise_v several_a enemy_n against_o they_o whereupon_o the_o muscovite_n moldavian_n and_o tartar_n come_v a_o three_o time_n to_o molest_v poland_n but_o be_v force_v to_o withdraw_v after_o have_v do_v some_o mischief_n about_o this_o time_n solyman_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n make_v war_n with_o hungary_n and_o gain_v the_o famous_a battle_n of_o mobac_n where_o king_n lewis_n and_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o army_n be_v slay_v and_o the_o better_a part_n of_o hungary_n subject_v to_o the_o turk_n this_o king_n lewis_n leave_v only_o one_o daughter_n silesia_n which_o be_v
have_v elect_v he_o with_o such_o universal_a affection_n yet_o nothing_o can_v prevail_v upon_o he_o but_o he_o however_o promise_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n in_o france_n he_o will_v return_v among_o they_o and_o moreover_o acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v extreme_o oblige_v to_o the_o polish_v nation_n for_o their_o kindness_n and_o goodwill_n towards_o he_o hereupon_o the_o senate_n afterward_o fruitless_a send_v two_o ambassador_n into_o france_n to_o entreat_v he_o to_o return_v which_o the_o king_n have_v several_a time_n a_o mind_n to_o comply_v with_o for_o he_o love_v that_o nation_n extreme_o well_o but_o his_o french_a subject_n still_o prevail_v upon_o he_o to_o change_v his_o mind_n represent_v to_o he_o the_o many_o danger_n he_o will_v expose_v france_n to_o by_o such_o a_o journey_n thus_o the_o pole_n have_v lose_v all_o hope_n of_o have_v their_o king_n again_o the_o primate_n vchanski_n call_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n the_o four_o of_o november_n follow_v to_o proceed_v to_o a_o new_a election_n where_o two_o prince_n be_v principal_o propose_v which_o election_n be_v the_o emperor_n maximilian_n and_o stephen_n batori_fw-mi prince_n of_o transylvania_n but_o they_o can_v never_o unanimous_o agree_v which_o of_o the_o two_o to_o choose_v and_o therefore_o the_o diet_n be_v dissolve_v maximilian_n party_n send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o he_o be_v choose_v and_o that_o they_o expect_v he_o shall_v speedy_o come_v and_o be_v crown_v while_o batori_n faction_n do_v the_o like_a for_o he_o and_o invite_v he_o to_o come_v forthwith_o into_o poland_n hereupon_o 1577._o batori_n make_v more_o haste_n than_o the_o emperor_n to_o comply_v with_o their_o request_n for_o he_o immediate_o leave_v transylvania_n and_o pass_v through_o valachia_n and_o russia_n quick_o arrive_v at_o cracow_n where_o on_o the_o 18_o of_o april_n 1577_o he_o be_v receive_v and_o crown_v by_o karnkovius_n bishop_n of_o vladislaw_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v for_o maximilian_n who_o yet_o afterward_o rather_o than_o he_o will_v undergo_v a_o siege_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o lowitz_n quiet_o submit_v to_o batori_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o emperor_n be_v more_o slow_a resolve_v to_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o dispute_v his_o right_n but_o his_o party_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o every_o day_n at_o length_n the_o senate_n send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o his_o slowness_n and_o indifference_n have_v supersede_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v give_v to_o he_o that_o arrive_v first_o hereupon_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v then_o at_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n order_v the_o ambassador_n to_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o forthwith_o determine_v to_o go_v for_o poland_n himself_o but_o be_v prevent_v by_o a_o dangerous_a sickness_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v octob._n 12._o batori_fw-mi it_o be_v true_a be_v chief_o indebt_v to_o his_o merit_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o family_n of_o zborowski_n be_v not_o a_o little_a assist_v to_o he_o occasion_v by_o his_o civil_a reception_n of_o one_o samuel_n of_o that_o family_n who_o have_v be_v banish_v his_o country_n for_o strike_v john_n teczynski_n castellan_n of_o wounitz_n in_o the_o king_n court._n whereupon_o samuel_n employ_v all_o his_o interest_n for_o batori_n for_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n he_o write_v to_o several_a of_o his_o relation_n and_o friend_n to_o vote_n for_o that_o prince_n but_o it_o be_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o polander_n never_o to_o think_v themselves_o sufficient_o recompense_v after_o they_o have_v do_v a_o service_n batori_n though_o he_o seek_v all_o he_o can_v to_o oblige_v that_o family_n yet_o can_v not_o keep_v they_o from_o prove_v his_o most_o inveterate_a enemy_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o govern_v according_a to_o their_o humour_n which_o not_o long_o after_o cost_v 340._o samuel_n his_o life_n by_o a_o formal_a proceed_v in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n rise_n batori_fw-mi be_v first_o as_o i_o find_v he_o a_o private_a gentleman_n in_o transylvania_n but_o at_o length_n by_o his_o merit_n and_o valour_n come_v to_o have_v great_a authority_n among_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n for_o he_o be_v once_o send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o emperor_n court_n where_o he_o manage_v affair_n to_o the_o satisfaction_n and_o advantage_n of_o both_o party_n so_o that_o after_o prince_n john_n sigismond_n son_n to_o the_o sister_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o of_o poland_n die_v they_o elect_v he_o prince_n of_o transylvania_n after_o he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o karnkouski_n who_o he_o make_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o endeavour_v to_o appease_v the_o disorder_n among_o the_o great_a people_n and_o to_o win_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o malcontent_n which_o at_o last_o he_o effect_v by_o marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n marriage_n daughter_n to_o sigismond_n i._o and_o sister_n to_o sigismond_n ii_o by_o who_o he_o have_v no_o child_n reduce_v etc._n about_o this_o time_n the_o emperor_n foment_v a_o sedition_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o dantzic_n which_o induce_v they_o to_o refuse_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o batori_n and_o moreover_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n and_o stand_v upon_o their_o defence_n but_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n have_v declare_v they_o rebel_n their_o army_n be_v soon_o defeat_v and_o town_n besiege_v and_o at_o last_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o comply_v by_o mediation_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o brandenburg_n and_o landgrave_n of_o hesse_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o this_o war_n be_v that_o the_o citizen_n of_o dantzic_n pretend_v not_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n but_o only_o to_o the_o king_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o treaty_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o both_o justice_n 306._o hitherto_o there_o be_v no_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o poland_n all_o difference_n be_v decide_v by_o the_o king_n and_o council_n but_o the_o gentry_n find_v this_o way_n of_o procedure_v too_o tedious_a to_o the_o nation_n and_o too_o burdensome_a to_o the_o king_n obtain_v leave_v of_o batori_n to_o erect_v two_o court_n of_o judicature_n which_o they_o common_o call_v tribunal_n one_o at_o petricovia_n and_o the_o other_o at_o lublin_n where_o all_o civil_a cause_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v absolute_o without_o any_o appeal_n to_o court_n unless_o upon_o any_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o state_n in_o which_o case_n the_o last_o decision_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n and_o diet_n together_o etc._n this_o king_n be_v more_o severe_a in_o his_o punishment_n than_o the_o polish_v law_n allow_v yet_o he_o molest_v none_o on_o account_n of_o religion_n always_o affirm_v that_o three_o thing_n god_n have_v whole_o reserve_v to_o himself_o which_o be_v to_o make_v something_o out_o of_o nothing_o to_o foretell_v thing_n to_o come_v and_o to_o govern_v and_o direct_v conscience_n this_o prince_n like_a sigismond_n i._o very_o much_o encourage_v speak_v latin_n in_o his_o dominion_n be_v report_v to_o have_v say_v often_o to_o the_o gentleman_n son_n discite_fw-la isatinè_n nam_fw-la unum_fw-la ex_fw-la vobis_fw-la aliquando_fw-la faciam_fw-la mosci_fw-la pan_n a_o great_a lord_n whereby_o the_o youth_n be_v all_o in_o hope_n practise_v that_o language_n with_o great_a diligence_n which_o very_o much_o contribute_v towards_o the_o increase_n of_o art_n and_o science_n in_o this_o kingdom_n when_o sigismond_n i._o send_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n his_o ambassador_n to_o vienna_n the_o emperor_n be_v surprise_v to_o hear_v even_o the_o polish_v coachman_n speak_v latin_a fluent_o also_o after_o sigismond_n the_o second_v death_n when_o ambassador_n be_v send_v to_o bring_v henry_n of_o valois_n into_o poland_n the_o french_a wonder_v that_o not_o one_o of_o all_o their_o train_n but_o speak_v this_o language_n with_o great_a address_n this_o king_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v like_a to_o have_v be_v overrun_v by_o the_o muscovite_n for_o they_o have_v so_o great_a advantage_n over_o the_o pole_n that_o they_o take_v several_a town_n from_o they_o in_o a_o dutchy_n of_o severia_n smolensko_n and_o lithuania_n in_o these_o war_n the_o muscovite_n be_v war_n not_o a_o little_a politic_a for_o they_o take_v occasion_n to_o invade_v the_o pole_n either_o when_o they_o have_v war_n abroad_o or_o disturbance_n at_o home_n but_o at_o last_o king_n batori_n have_v appease_v his_o own_o intestine_a jar_n and_o make_v peace_n with_o his_o neighbour_n by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o a_o general_a diet_n declare_v war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pour_v in_o upon_o they_o with_o such_o vigour_n and_o success_n that_o in_o three_o year_n time_n he_o retook_a all_o his_o own_o town_n and_o beside_o carry_v the_o
and_o king_n of_o sweden_n contend_v for_o prior_n admittance_n when_o the_o latter_a be_v prevent_v by_o the_o gout_n or_o at_o least_o so_o feign_v it_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v the_o emperor_n minister_n therefore_o be_v introduce_v who_o in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o master_n recommend_v likewise_o prince_n vladislaus_n afterward_o the_o swedish_n embassador_n indisposition_n give_v he_o leave_v to_o be_v admit_v he_o propose_v a_o strict_a alliance_n between_o sweden_n and_o poland_n in_o case_n the_o diet_n will_v elect_v none_o of_o sigismund_n issue_n but_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v first_o renounce_v all_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n this_o proposal_n be_v not_o at_o all_o approve_v of_o and_o there_o be_v something_o else_o say_v also_o by_o this_o minister_n which_o mighty_o displease_v the_o diet_n yet_o at_o that_o time_n they_o think_v it_o better_a to_o dissemble_v their_o dislike_n than_o provoke_v so_o powerful_a a_o prince_n as_o gustavus_n by_o a_o resentment_n vote_n at_o this_o diet_n the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n have_v a_o great_a favour_n grant_v they_o which_o be_v for_o the_o future_a to_o have_v a_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n which_o privilege_n have_v never_o be_v grant_v before_o but_o to_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n and_o vilna_n one_o be_v capital_a of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o of_o lithuania_n prince_n 1632._o uladislaus_n be_v choose_v the_o 13_o of_o november_n 1632._o when_o he_o take_v the_o usual_a oath_n be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o primate_n and_o afterward_o crown_v on_o the_o 18_o of_o february_n 1633._o marriage_n he_o be_v first_o marry_v to_o coecilia_n renata_n daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n ii_o and_o afterward_o to_o the_o princess_n mary_n ludovica_n di_fw-it gonzaga_n daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o nevers_n of_o the_o house_n of_o mantua_n the_o king_n of_o france_n always_o match_v the_o princess_n of_o nevers_n and_o nemours_n as_o princess_n of_o the_o blood_n to_o crown_v head_n war_n the_o year_n after_o his_o election_n vladislaus_n not_o only_o force_v the_o muscovite_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o obtain_v a_o signal_n victory_n over_o they_o but_o likewise_o bring_v their_o army_n to_o such_o extremity_n that_o they_o surrender_v themselves_o and_o the_o turk_n who_o have_v make_v a_o diversion_n be_v also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n brave_o repulse_v not_o long_o after_o vladislaus_n make_v a_o advantageous_a peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o renounce_v their_o protension_n to_o the_o two_o large_a dukedom_n of_o smolensko_n and_o zernikow_n which_o beget_v such_o a_o terror_n in_o the_o turk_n that_o they_o also_o free_o make_v restitution_n for_o the_o damage_n sustain_v in_o their_o last_o incursion_n and_o strangle_v their_o bassa_n who_o command_v those_o force_n he_o force_v likewise_o the_o swede_n to_o restore_v he_o those_o place_n they_o possess_v in_o prussia_n and_o to_o prolong_v the_o truce_n for_o 26_o year_n which_o they_o the_o easy_o consent_v to_o by_o reason_n that_o their_o affair_n in_o germany_n be_v but_o in_o a_o ill_a condition_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o norlinguen_n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o cosack_n war_n with_o the_o cosack_n be_v lay_v which_o bring_v unspeakable_a damage_n upon_o the_o pole_n and_o which_o be_v occasion_v thus_o the_o privilege_n the_o cosack_n have_v obtain_v from_o king_n stephen_n make_v they_o to_o increase_v in_o number_n and_o grow_v much_o strong_a than_o they_o be_v before_o for_o the_o peasant_n of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n have_v be_v exceed_o oppress_v by_o their_o lord_n to_o deliver_v themselves_o from_o slavery_n run_v in_o great_a number_n into_o the_o vkraine_n whereby_o the_o cosack_v soon_o grow_v very_o formidable_a both_o to_o the_o pole_n and_o turk_n which_o embolden_v they_o to_o make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o turkey_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o the_o occasion_n of_o many_o bloody_a war_n between_o these_o two_o nation_n the_o great_a man_n of_o poland_n have_v purchase_v divers_a estate_n in_o vkraina_n think_v their_o revenue_n may_v be_v considerable_o augment_v if_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v but_o reduce_v to_o a_o narrow_a compass_n and_o if_o instead_o of_o plunder_v their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n they_o be_v restrain_v to_o manure_v the_o ground_n and_o live_v upon_o the_o product_n of_o their_o own_o labour_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n prevail_v upon_o their_o king_n vladislaus_n to_o send_v general_n konicepoliski_n to_o reduce_v they_o hereupon_o at_o first_o the_o cosack_v make_v a_o vigorous_a resistance_n and_o oppose_v the_o building_n of_o the_o fortress_n hudack_n just_a at_o a_o point_n where_o the_o river_n zwamer_n fall_v into_o the_o boristhenes_n but_o be_v at_o last_o entire_o defeat_v by_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o surrender_v their_o general_n paulack_a with_o some_o other_o of_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o who_o notwithstanding_o a_o pardon_n promise_v they_o beforehand_o be_v all_o behead_v beside_o this_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o diet_n that_o all_o their_o former_a privilege_n together_o with_o the_o fortress_n of_o tectimoravia_n grant_v they_o by_o king_n stephen_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o they_o and_o a_o new_a body_n of_o militia_n settle_v there_o in_o their_o stead_n to_o put_v this_o decree_n in_o execution_n the_o polish_v army_n march_v forthwith_o into_o the_o vkraine_n but_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o cosack_v with_o great_a bravery_n who_o yet_o nevertheless_o promise_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n provide_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n may_v be_v continue_v to_o they_o which_o the_o pole_n ready_o agree_v to_o but_o however_o never_o perform_v nay_o treat_v several_a of_o they_o very_o ill_o for_o among_o other_o oppressive_a method_n they_o take_v from_o they_o some_o of_o their_o greek_a church_n afterward_o the_o cosack_v recover_v in_o some_o measure_n under_o their_o general_n bogdan_n chmielinski_n who_o have_v be_v just_o enrage_v by_o jarinski_n ravish_v his_o wife_n and_o afterward_o murder_v both_o she_o and_o her_o son_n resolve_v on_o some_o expedient_a to_o revenge_v this_o affront_n and_o rid_v his_o country_n of_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n poszty_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n post_n be_v first_o use_v in_o poland_n settle_v after_o the_o german_a manner_n in_o the_o year_n 1647._o death_n king_n vladislaus_n after_o a_o indifferent_o happy_a reign_n die_v of_o a_o malignant_a fever_n at_o merick_n in_o lithuania_n the_o 20_o of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o the_o muscovite_n vanquish_v under_o his_o reign_n the_o turk_n force_v to_o sue_v for_o peace_n the_o inclination_n he_o ever_o have_v to_o oblige_v every_o body_n and_o the_o concern_v he_o be_v always_o under_o when_o it_o be_v out_o of_o his_o power_n to_o give_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o his_o liberality_n be_v powerful_a motive_n to_o induce_v the_o pole_n to_o regret_n his_o loss_n who_o consternation_n be_v the_o more_o augment_v after_o his_o death_n by_o their_o defeat_n and_o the_o take_n of_o divers_a place_n by_o the_o cosack_n for_o want_v of_o he_o vladislaus_n leave_v no_o issue_n his_o brother_n 1648._o john_n casimir_n who_o have_v lead_v a_o religious_a life_n for_o some_o time_n and_o be_v afterward_o create_v 599._o cardinal_n by_o innocent_a the_o xth._n succeed_v he_o be_v elect_a king_n in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o his_o brother_n die_v with_o the_o follow_a circumstance_n the_o primate_n mathias_n lubienski_n have_v signify_v the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n by_o circular_a call_v letter_n and_o convene_v a_o diet_n to_o meet_v on_o the_o 25_o of_o june_n the_o diet_n of_o election_n have_v be_v fix_v for_o the_o 6_o of_o october_n all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n meet_v at_o the_o time_n appoint_v but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o heat_n and_o intrigue_n among_o they_o as_o former_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o cosack_n and_o tartar_n have_v raise_v too_o great_a disorder_n in_o poland_n for_o they_o to_o think_v of_o any_o thing_n at_o that_o time_n but_o union_n for_o the_o news_n of_o such_o prodigious_a preparation_n make_v against_o they_o be_v enough_o to_o stagger_v any_o resolution_n but_o that_o of_o the_o polander_n who_o valour_n have_v general_o procure_v they_o the_o great_a success_n hereupon_o order_n be_v immediate_o issue_v out_o to_o raise_v troop_n to_o oppose_v these_o cruel_a invader_n election_n and_o afterward_o the_o gentry_n proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n to_o the_o throne_n at_o which_o time_n no_o body_n think_v that_o prince_n casimir_n who_o be_v then_o compliment_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o sueden_n will_v have_v have_v any_o competitor_n for_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o transylvania_n
the_o opposition_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o do_v but_o dishonour_v their_o country_n by_o exclude_v a_o piasto_n yet_o they_o ought_v to_o choose_v one_o to_o show_v the_o world_n that_o if_o their_o ancestor_n have_v not_o do_v the_o like_a often_o it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o avoid_v the_o jealousy_n which_o will_v have_v arisen_a between_o so_o many_o subject_n that_o deserve_v the_o crown_n and_o that_o since_o now_o there_o be_v one_o present_n who_o merit_n be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v they_o ought_v forthwith_o to_o elect_v he_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o name_n john_n sobieski_n with_o this_o character_n that_o his_o life_n have_v be_v entire_o devote_v to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n which_o even_o while_o he_o be_v speak_v peaceable_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o late_a victory_n at_o chocim_fw-la and_o further_o that_o this_o present_a happiness_n be_v but_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o what_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v for_o his_o country_n and_o last_o that_o the_o crown_n be_v due_a to_o sobieski_n out_o of_o mere_a gratitude_n and_o acknowledgement_n since_o it_o be_v through_o his_o mean_n that_o they_o sit_v there_o and_o have_v a_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o speech_n the_o gentry_n of_o russia_n be_v influence_v by_o what_o their_o palatin_n have_v say_v immediate_o declare_v for_o sobieski_n who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o their_o province_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o poland_n soon_o follow_v their_o example_n together_o with_o some_o palatinate_v of_o lithuania_n bring_v over_o by_o the_o management_n of_o prince_n radzivil_n vicechancellor_n of_o that_o duchy_n every_o one_o be_v forward_o to_o deserve_v favour_n from_o one_o who_o they_o have_v acknowledge_v for_o their_o prince_n dissent_v the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v high_o displease_v at_o all_o these_o proceed_n leave_v the_o diet_n in_o a_o heat_n and_o together_o with_o his_o friend_n march_v out_o of_o the_o field_n about_o nine_o at_o night_n no_o body_n be_v able_a to_o bring_v he_o back_o hereupon_o he_o immediate_o enter_v protest_v against_o this_o election_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o any_o king_n to_o be_v choose_v without_o the_o common_a consent_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 20_o the_o of_o may_n the_o lithuanian_n return_v into_o the_o field_n but_o retire_v after_o have_v make_v their_o protestation_n against_o this_o election_n whereupon_o several_a senator_n and_o nuncio_n be_v send_v to_o recall_a they_o but_o their_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o be_v go_v to_o deliberate_v upon_o the_o matter_n and_o will_v inform_v they_o of_o their_o resolution_n by_o their_o deputy_n the_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n who_o have_v espouse_v sobieski_n interest_n forthwith_o command_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o proclaim_v he_o which_o notwithstanding_o this_o prelate_n decline_v wise_o foresee_v the_o disorder_n so_o rash_a a_o election_n may_v occasion_v and_o which_o may_v probable_o end_v in_o a_o civil_a war._n lithuania_n the_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n arrive_v a_o little_a while_n after_o whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n brother_n to_o the_o grand_a general_n deliver_v the_o message_n give_v sobieski_n the_o title_n only_o of_o grand_a marshal_n yet_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o give_v his_o vote_n for_o he_o but_o desire_v the_o proclaim_v he_o may_v be_v defer_v till_o next_o day_n to_o the_o end_n the_o lithuanian_n may_v assist_v at_o it_o and_o thereby_o the_o election_n become_v unanimous_a which_o request_v of_o his_o be_v ready_o grant_v whereupon_o the_o 21_o st_z of_o may_n andrew_n trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o preside_v at_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o primate_n czartoriski_n just_a then_o decease_v which_o happen_v very_o well_o for_o sobieski_n the_o primate_n have_v be_v no_o friend_n of_o his_o go_v with_o the_o senator_n before_o the_o new_a prince_n to_o the_o place_n of_o election_n where_o they_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n with_o their_o general_n patz_n at_o their_o head_n who_o be_v too_o politic_a not_o to_o assist_v there_o with_o his_o whole_a family_n john_n sobieski_n be_v soon_o after_o proclaim_v 1674._o and_o the_o gentry_n proceed_v to_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o warsaw_n end_v the_o day_n with_o usual_a acclamation_n and_o rejoice_n this_o prince_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n though_o none_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a nor_o rich_a in_o the_o kingdom_n his_o father_n father_n james_n sobieski_n be_v castellan_n of_o cracovia_n a_o person_n no_o less_o eminent_a for_o his_o ability_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n than_o renown_v for_o his_o courage_n and_o conduct_n in_o the_o field_n he_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o year_n 1621._o as_o ambassador_n and_o plenipotentiary_n upon_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o by_o his_o prudence_n and_o address_n be_v honourable_o conclude_v with_o sultan_n osman_n he_o distinguish_v himself_o likewise_o on_o many_o other_o important_a occasion_n and_o after_o several_a other_o great_a service_n faithful_o perform_v for_o his_o country_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1646._o mother_n his_o mother_n be_v one_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o stanislaus_n zolkiewski_n grand_a chancellor_n and_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o brave_o fight_v that_o memorable_a battle_n at_o cicora_n on_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n 1620_o and_o though_o he_o be_v again_o five_o time_n attack_v by_o the_o turk_n on_o the_o 2d_o of_o october_n in_o the_o same_o year_n yet_o he_o gallant_o repulse_v they_o till_o at_o last_o be_v overpower_v with_o number_n and_o forsake_v by_o his_o follower_n he_o be_v slay_v courageous_o fight_v among_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o his_o enemy_n travel_n this_o prince_n be_v careful_o educate_v by_o his_o parent_n in_o his_o youth_n and_o send_v to_o travel_v into_o france_n where_o his_o father_n buy_v he_o a_o captain_n of_o horse_n commission_n which_o gain_v he_o great_a experience_n he_o also_o travel_v into_o england_n germany_n and_o italy_n where_o have_v observe_v all_o the_o different_a manner_n interest_n law_n military_a discipline_n strength_n and_o policy_n of_o those_o people_n and_o in_o a_o word_n all_o else_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o learn_v in_o his_o travel_n he_o at_o last_o return_v home_o when_o casimir_n after_o several_a trial_n both_o of_o his_o valour_n and_o discretion_n and_o admire_v at_o his_o great_a merit_n and_o quick_a part_n which_o he_o have_v improve_v so_o well_o both_o in_o language_n science_n and_o military_a accomplishment_n make_v he_o first_o a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n and_o afterward_o captain_n of_o his_o guard_n and_o from_o thence_o advance_v he_o gradual_o through_o all_o the_o post_n of_o his_o army_n till_o he_o arrive_v at_o be_v grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o room_n of_o lubomirski_n and_o grand_a general_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o room_n of_o potoski_n he_o behave_v himself_o in_o all_o these_o employment_n with_o that_o courage_n and_o prudence_n as_o become_v a_o soldier_n and_o be_v repute_v the_o hero_n of_o his_o age_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n marriage_n he_o marry_v mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n daughter_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o arquien_v not_o long_o since_o make_v cardinal_n of_o the_o family_n of_o la_fw-fr grange_n in_o nivernois_n in_o france_n she_o by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o king_n casimir_n queen_n to_o who_o she_o be_v maid_n of_o honour_n be_v first_o marry_v to_o prince_n zamoiski_n one_o of_o the_o great_a palatine_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o the_o grand_a general_n sobieski_n by_o who_o she_o have_v several_a child_n and_o among_o the_o â—â—est_n three_o hopeful_a prince_n the_o elder_a of_o which_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v brother-in-law_n to_o the_o emperor_n king_n of_o spain_n king_n of_o portugal_n and_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n by_o marry_v one_o of_o the_o princess_n of_o neuburgh_n this_o prince_n be_v not_o crown_v till_o above_o fifteen_o month_n after_o his_o election_n during_o which_o time_n he_o gain_v great_a advantage_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o force_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n at_o zorowna_n whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o remit_v the_o yearly_a tribute_n stipulate_v for_o by_o king_n michael_n but_o be_v still_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o fortress_n of_o caminiec_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n he_o be_v please_v generosity_n to_o promise_v of_o his_o own_o free_a will_n and_o motion_n that_o the_o queen-dowager_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o suitable_o to_o her_o high_a quality_n and_o extraordinary_a merit_n as_o also_o that_o the_o arrear_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v
companion_n dead_a upon_o the_o spot_n in_o this_o action_n there_o be_v several_a brave_a polish_v gentleman_n slay_v afterward_o the_o king_n be_v again_o join_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n by_o which_o his_o army_n amount_v to_o fifteen_o thousand_o man_n march_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o enemy_n though_o by_o a_o modest_a computation_n they_o may_v be_v reckon_v seven_o time_n as_o many_o but_o understand_v that_o the_o enemy_n have_v besiege_v turk_n podhais_n he_o be_v march_v thither_o to_o relieve_v it_o when_o by_o the_o way_n he_o receive_v intelligence_n of_o its_o be_v surrender_v burn_v and_o plunder_v and_o twelve_o thousand_o person_n make_v prisoner_n though_o the_o garrison_n have_v express_o capitulate_v to_o march_v out_o with_o bag_n and_o baggage_n the_o king_n be_v extreme_o nettle_v that_o so_o many_o christian_n shall_v be_v make_v slave_n and_o his_o territory_n lay_v desolate_a therefore_o he_o resolve_v forthwith_o to_o remedy_v it_o or_o perish_v in_o the_o attempt_n for_o he_o march_v the_o same_o day_n towards_o the_o enemy_n who_o be_v then_o set_v down_o before_o buozalz_n but_o upon_o notice_n of_o his_o approach_n they_o raise_v their_o siege_n and_o retreat_v with_o all_o their_o force_n to_o trembowla_n which_o they_o likewise_o invest_v here_o they_o be_v often_o repulse_v with_o great_a loss_n yet_o continue_v obstinate_a to_o pursue_v their_o enterprise_n till_o at_o last_o happen_v to_o intercept_v a_o peasant_n that_o be_v carry_v a_o letter_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o governor_n wherein_o his_o majesty_n assure_v he_o that_o he_o be_v come_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o his_o relief_n the_o terror_n of_o king_n sobieski_n name_n strike_v such_o a_o faintness_n into_o the_o infidel_n that_o they_o immediate_o dislodge_v their_o cannon_n from_o their_o battery_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o hundred_o piece_n and_o forthwith_o march_v towards_o caminiec_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o confusion_n nay_o so_o great_a be_v their_o consternation_n that_o under_o the_o cannon_n of_o caminiec_n they_o think_v not_o themselves_o sufficient_o secure_a for_o not_o dare_v to_o stand_v a_o engagement_n with_o the_o pole_n they_o resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o niester_n and_o march_v towards_o valachia_n yet_o this_o they_o can_v not_o do_v so_o speedy_o but_o prince_n lubomirski_n with_o part_n of_o the_o king_n army_n fall_v upon_o their_o rear_n and_o slay_v great_a number_n of_o they_o the_o turk_n by_o the_o fear_n they_o be_v in_o of_o be_v far_o pursue_v repassed_a the_o danube_n and_o the_o tartar_n return_v home_o with_o great_a precipitation_n by_o the_o way_n of_o bialogrod_n whereupon_o the_o king_n resolve_v to_o put_v his_o army_n into_o winter-quarter_n and_o so_o to_o return_v home_o which_o he_o do_v to_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n it_o be_v now_o high_a time_n to_o prepare_v for_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o coronation_n january_n the_o 17_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n michael_n be_v convey_v from_o warsaw_n in_o a_o hearse_n draw_v by_o eight_o horse_n attend_v by_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o household_n and_o several_a person_n of_o quality_n to_o cracow_n where_o together_o with_o the_o body_n of_o king_n casimir_n likewise_o bring_v late_o out_o of_o france_n it_o be_v honourable_o inter_v all_o decency_n and_o respect_n be_v pay_v to_o both_o their_o memory_n this_o ceremony_n be_v dispatch_v 1676._o john_n sobieski_n with_o his_o queen_n mary_n be_v both_o crown_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n the_o second_o of_o february_n in_o the_o year_n 1676_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n after_o this_o the_o king_n apply_v himself_o to_o supply_v the_o vacancy_n as_o usual_a make_v lubomirski_n grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o lord_n siniawski_n court-marshal_n and_o prince_n demetrius_n wisnowiski_n palatin_n of_o beltz_n he_o likewise_o bestow_v the_o command_n of_o general_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n on_o jablownowski_n palatin_n of_o russia_n at_o present_a great_a general_n of_o poland_n in_o june_n follow_v sultan_n nuradin_n with_o the_o two_o son_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n pass_v the_o niester_n with_o a_o great_a army_n have_v send_v out_o party_n before_o to_o ravage_v the_o country_n at_o the_o same_o time_n ibrahim_n bassa_n advance_v likewise_o to_o several_a post_n about_o caminiec_n whereupon_o the_o king_n order_v what_o troop_n he_o can_v get_v together_o near_o leopol_n where_o they_o be_v to_o rendezvouz_n and_o likewise_o convoke_v the_o pospolite_n or_o militia_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n 1676_o the_o same_o year_n his_o excellency_n mr._n hyde_n now_o earl_n of_o rochester_n be_v send_v ambassador_n from_o his_o majesty_n charles_n the_o iid_n to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n to_o congratulate_v the_o king_n upon_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o stand_v for_o his_o master_n godfather_n to_o the_o young_a princess_n now_o electoress_n of_o bavaria_n he_o arrive_v at_o dantzic_n in_o august_n where_o meet_v with_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n who_o make_v a_o journey_n thither_o while_o the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o field_n he_o have_v audience_n of_o her_o majesty_n there_o and_o present_v the_o young_a princess_n her_o daughter_n with_o a_o very_a rich_a jewel_n a_o cross_n of_o diamond_n of_o great_a value_n he_o afterward_o set_v forward_o for_o poland_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o camp_n near_o leopol_n in_o russia_n with_o demonstration_n of_o respect_n and_o kindness_n suitable_a to_o his_o character_n and_o person_n where_o his_o majesty_n send_v some_o of_o his_o chief_a officer_n to_o show_v he_o the_o army_n and_o their_o way_n of_o encamp_v the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n begin_v to_o appear_v now_o very_o formidable_a and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n continue_v so_o sensible_a of_o their_o last_o year_n defeat_n and_o so_o dread_v the_o name_n of_o king_n sobieski_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o peace_n for_o which_o purpose_n the_o grand_a signior_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o moldavia_n make_v turk_n a_o overture_n for_o a_o treaty_n which_o be_v accept_v after_o a_o battle_n gain_v by_o the_o pole_n and_o some_o other_o small_a mischief_n do_v on_o both_o side_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o happy_o conclude_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o poland_n his_o majesty_n return_v in_o november_n to_o zulkiew_v his_o own_o patrimony_n whither_o my_o lord_n rochester_n wait_v upon_o he_o ambassador_n have_v his_o public_a audience_n there_o in_o a_o more_o solemn_a manner_n than_o before_o he_o be_v first_o carry_v in_o the_o king_n coach_n and_o then_o receive_v by_o the_o court-marshal_n who_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o lord_n chamberlain_n at_o the_o stairs-foot_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o be_v conduct_v to_o his_o majesty_n who_o receive_v he_o stand_v under_o a_o rich_a canopy_n of_o state_n and_o after_o two_o month_n reside_v there_o his_o excellency_n have_v his_o audience_n of_o leave_n and_o return_v into_o england_n through_o silesia_n austria_n and_o the_o empire_n the_o pole_n enjoy_v this_o peace_n with_o the_o turk_n till_o the_o year_n 1683_o when_o they_o come_v under_o the_o command_n of_o cara_fw-it mustapha_n their_o grand_a vizier_n to_o besiege_v vienna_n whereof_o count_n starenberg_n vienna_n be_v governor_n the_o king_n with_o his_o son_n prince_n james_n prince_n lubomirski_n and_o most_o of_o the_o polish_v grandee_n come_v with_o a_o army_n only_o as_o they_o assure_v i_o of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n to_o relieve_v it_o this_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v oblige_v to_o by_o the_o alliance_n sign_v with_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n in_o 1683._o when_o be_v join_v by_o the_o imperial_a army_n together_o with_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n and_o saxony_n the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o all_o amount_v to_o near_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n he_o attack_v the_o turk_n with_o such_o bravery_n and_o conduct_n that_o on_o the_o 12_o of_o september_n they_o though_o consist_v of_o 191800_o man_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o list_v find_v in_o the_o grand_a vizier_n tent_n be_v oblige_v after_o a_o entire_a defeat_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o retire_v turk_n towards_o hungary_n the_o great_a standard_n and_o the_o horse_n tail_n be_v take_v by_o the_o pole_n who_o obstinate_o pursue_v the_o turk_n in_o their_o flight_n though_o no_o great_a way_n be_v too_o much_o fatigue_v before_o there_o be_v also_o great_a booty_n find_v in_o the_o turkish_a camp_n which_o be_v whole_o plunder_v even_o to_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o grand_a vizier_n where_o they_o meet_v with_o great_a riches_n in_o gold_n silver_n and_o other_o precious_a thing_n all_o their_o ammunition_n and_o baggage_n with_o their_o artillery_n consist_v of_o above_o a_o hundred_o piece_n of_o cannon_n be_v take_v this_o
several_a magistrate_n the_o prussian_n have_v also_o a_o treasurer_n burgraves_n of_o castle_n sword-bearer_n judge_n and_o sheriff_n but_o none_o of_o all_o these_o have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o council_n the_o palatine_n of_o prussia_n have_v far_o great_a power_n than_o those_o in_o any_o other_o province_n of_o poland_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o prussia_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanse_v sables_n with_o a_o sword_n evaginate_v and_o hold_v by_o a_o dexter_a hand_n argent_fw-fr both_o in_o a_o field_n or._n province_n the_o four_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v red-russia_n red_a russia_n the_o other_o be_v white_a russia_n and_o belong_v to_o lithuania_n this_o province_n extent_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o frontier_n of_o lithuania_n as_o far_o as_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nieper_n in_o the_o black_a sea_n which_o river_n separate_v it_o from_o moscovy_n to_o the_o east_n as_o likewise_o do_v the_o carpathian_n mountain_n from_o hungary_n to_o the_o south-west_n it_o be_v extreme_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n beast_n of_o all_o kind_n fish_n and_o honey_n in_o this_o province_n there_o be_v several_a tree_n daily_o find_v along_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o river_n san_n which_o be_v very_o hard_a and_o black_a as_o ebony_n the_o country_n people_n say_v they_o have_v lie_v there_o ever_o since_o the_o deluge_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o may_v have_v be_v wash_v down_o by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n a_o great_a while_n since_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o hungary_n moldavia_n and_o bessarabia_n on_o the_o east_n by_o the_o scythian_a desert_n and_o especial_o moscovy_n on_o the_o north_n by_o russia_n alba_n separate_v by_o the_o river_n stiro_n and_o pripecz_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o lesser_n poland_n from_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o river_n vislocz_n and_o vepre_n this_o province_n comprehend_v seven_o palatinate_n viz._n the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n podolia_n braslaw_n kiovia_n volhynia_n belsko_n and_o chelm_fw-ge palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o this_o province_n be_v that_o of_o russia_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n which_o be_v the_o district_n of_o leopol_n premislaw_n halicz_n and_o sanoch_n district_n the_o first_o of_o these_o district_n have_v in_o it_o these_o remarkable_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n leopol_n archbish_n cap._n grodeck_n javorisvia_n zolkiew_n gliniani_n zloczow_n and_o komarna_n of_o of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v leopol_n leopol_n call_v lwow_o or_o luwow_o by_o the_o polander_n and_o lemberg_n or_o russe-lemberg_a by_o the_o german_n it_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o lie_v in_o the_o 46_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 49_o of_o latitude_n it_o be_v build_v among_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n peltaw_fw-mi fifteen_o polish_v miles_n from_o mount_n carpathus_n to_o the_o south_n and_o as_o many_o from_o premislaw_n to_o the_o west_n thirty_o from_o caminiec_n forty_o from_o cracow_n and_o about_o fifty_o from_o warsaw_n to_o the_o southeast_n this_o city_n be_v large_a and_o well_o fortify_v have_v two_o castle_n one_o within_o the_o wall_n and_o one_o without_o on_o a_o rise_a ground_n which_o command_v the_o town_n both_o which_o together_o with_o the_o city_n be_v found_v by_o leo_n or_o as_o they_o call_v he_o 'loo_o duke_n of_o russia_n about_o the_o year_n 1289._o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n be_v both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a lord_n of_o his_o diocese_n his_o see_n be_v translate_v hither_o from_o halicz_n in_o 1361_o by_o order_n of_o king_n casimir_n here_o also_o reside_v a_o armenian_a archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a bishop_n depend_v on_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n with_o several_a church_n belong_v to_o each_o bishopric_n the_o armenian_a roman-catholic_n have_v inhabit_v here_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o be_v govern_v whole_o by_o their_o own_o prelate_n they_o enjoy_v very_o great_a privilege_n on_o account_n of_o the_o considerable_a commerce_n they_o maintain_v with_o the_o persian_n and_o other_o eastern_a people_n this_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o several_a besiege_v sieges_n it_o have_v sustain_v as_o first_o it_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o cosack_n and_o tartar_n with_o a_o dreadful_a army_n second_o by_o the_o moscovite_n and_o cosack_n in_o the_o year_n 1648_o with_o a_o army_n of_o above_o 120_o thousand_o man_n without_o be_v able_a to_o take_v it_o in_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a but_o the_o last_o time_n the_o turk_n become_v almost_o master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1672_o yet_o by_o a_o agreement_n oblige_v themselves_o to_o quit_v it_o this_o happen_v under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n michael_n wiesnowiski_n who_o die_v here_o in_o the_o year_n 1673._o this_o city_n give_v great_a encouragement_n to_o learned_a man_n who_o be_v very_o civil_o receive_v by_o their_o academy_n which_o be_v supply_v with_o professor_n from_o that_o of_o cracow_n here_o be_v keep_v a_o very_a famous_a winter-fair_a whither_o the_o hungarian_a moldavian_n and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n turkish_a merchant_n resort_v in_o great_a number_n among_o other_o river_n it_o have_v roxolania_n wherein_o barbel_n be_v take_v of_o a_o great_a size_n it_o have_v likewise_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o fishpond_n all_o about_o it_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o very_o fat_a fish_n which_o be_v salt_v up_o in_o great_a number_n and_o transport_v all_o over_o poland_n the_o church_n here_o be_v general_o very_o fair_a and_o well-built_a and_o abound_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o costly_a ornament_n grodeck_n grodeck_n a_o palisadoed_a city_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o surround_v with_o bogs_n it_o lie_v about_o four_o mile_n from_o leopol_n javorisvia_n javorisvia_n famous_a for_o a_o natural_a bath_n arise_v in_o the_o next_o adjoin_v village_n of_o sclovia_n this_o alone_a suffice_v to_o disperse_v several_a stubborn_a distemper_n as_o sixtus_n leo_n a_o physician_n of_o great_a experience_n testify_v in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v it_o zolkiew_n zolkiew_o a_o town_n adorn_v and_o defend_v by_o a_o castle_n and_o intermix_v with_o several_a delightful_a garden_n with_o a_o fair_a church_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o build_v with_o various_a sort_n of_o marble_n it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n where_o my_o lord_n of_o rochester_n have_v audience_n of_o he_o arms._n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o district_n be_v a_o lion_n passant_a crown_v or_o by_o a_o rock_n sables_n all_o in_o a_o field_n azure_a district_n the_o second_o district_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v premislia_n which_o have_v in_o it_o these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n premislaw_n bish_n sambor_n jaroslaw_n lancut_a resovia_n fulstin_n visnia_n zidaczow_n moscisca_n dubiecz_n canczuga_n and_o prevorscia_n of_o whereof_o the_o capital_a city_n be_v premislaw_n premislaw_n build_v on_o the_o river_n san_n with_o good_a strong_a wall_n and_o a_o castle_n situate_v upon_o a_o rock_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n this_o city_n lie_v about_o six_o league_n above_o jaroslaw_n and_o twelve_o from_o leopol_n towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o bishop_n one_o of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o other_o a_o russian_a prelate_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n orichowski_n a_o canon_n of_o this_o cathedral_n maintain_v that_o priest_n may_v marry_v here_o be_v a_o college_n belong_v to_o the_o jesuit_n for_o the_o education_n of_o youth_n the_o citizen_n be_v very_o much_o addict_v to_o trade_n and_o have_v several_a famous_a fair_n every_o year_n near_o this_o city_n be_v a_o very_a spacious_a park_n of_o the_o king_n be_v full_a of_o all_o kind_n of_o wild_a beast_n and_o strong_o wall_v in_o that_o they_o may_v do_v no_o mischief_n the_o country_n hereabout_o abound_v with_o castle_n for_o defence_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o chief_a of_o all_o which_o be_v the_o castle_n crassici_n late_o build_v on_o the_o river_n san._n sambor_n sambor_n a_o palisadoed_a city_n upon_o the_o river_n tyra_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v near_o the_o border_n of_o hungary_n jaroslaw_n jaroslaw_n famous_a for_o a_o fair_a keep_v on_o lady-day_n and_o the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o any_o in_o all_o poland_n where_o beside_o several_a merchandize_n bring_v from_o persia_n constantinople_n venice_n muscovy_n and_o amsterdam_n they_o say_v it_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v above_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o half_a as_o many_o horse_n in_o this_o town_n the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o college_n for_o student_n and_o without_o it_o there_o be_v a_o very_a stately_a nunnery_n of_o modern_a architecture_n neither_o be_v its_o castle_n to_o be_v despise_v which_o be_v seat_v to_o the_o east_n on_o the_o river_n san._n lancut_a lancut_a famous_a for_o several_a magnificent_a church_n found_v by_o stanislaus_n lubomirski_n palatin_n of_o cracow_n together_o