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city_n contain_v above_o 50000._o i_o must_v confess_v the_o council_n be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o much_o in_o law_n as_o be_v see_v in_o warren_n case_n 2_o crook_n 540._o &_o 2_o roll_n 112._o warren_n be_v one_o of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o coventry_n and_o displace_v sue_v out_o a_o writ_n of_o restitution_n and_o upon_o that_o writ_n it_o be_v return_v that_o by_o custom_n the_o city_n may_v place_v and_o displace_v ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la they_o there_o hold_v that_o the_o custom_n be_v good_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o of_o a_o freeman_n or_o alderman_n because_o he_o have_v a_o fréehold_n but_o a_o common_a council_n be_v a_o thing_n collateral_a to_o a_o corporation_n and_o the_o office_n of_o a_o common_a council_n be_v nothing_o but_o only_a to_o give_v assistance_n and_o advice_n which_o they_o may_v refuse_v at_o their_o pleasure_n in_o estwick_n case_n in_o style_n 32._o &_o 2_o roll_n 456._o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o place_n méer_o by_o custom_n and_o that_o the_o common_a council_n be_v proper_o but_o only_o a_o court_n of_o advice_n and_o my_o lord_n you_o shall_v never_o intend_v more_o than_o that_o they_o be_v a_o court_n of_o advice_n all_o the_o rise_v of_o their_o power_n be_v but_o by_o custom_n and_o that_o custom_n be_v plead_v to_o give_v advice_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o city_n and_o make_v by-law_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o corporation_n and_o that_o be_v confess_v by_o the_o demurrer_n and_o you_o shall_v intend_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v open_v in_o the_o plead_n and_o then_o it_o be_v evident_a this_o be_v do_v by_o a_o very_a small_a part_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n and_o that_o do_v no_o way_n affect_v the_o whole_a corporation_n sure_a in_o james_n baggs_n case_n 1_o roll_n fol_z 226._o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o patent_n be_v procure_v by_o some_o person_n of_o a_o corporation_n and_o the_o great_a part_n do_v not_o assent_v to_o it_o that_o shall_v not_o bind_v a_o corporation_n and_o if_o so_o be_v a_o charter_n seal_v and_o send_v by_o the_o king_n because_o not_o accept_v in_o pais_fw-fr by_o the_o great_a party_n bound_v not_o shall_v a_o act_n do_v by_o a_o few_o and_o a_o act_n do_v that_o tend_v to_o a_o forfeiture_n bound_v the_o whole_a in_o point_n of_o their_o be_v there_o be_v no_o ground_n to_o say_v that_o the_o common_a council_n represent_v the_o city_n no_o more_o than_o a_o council_n do_v his_o client_n or_o a_o attorney_n his_o master_n only_o as_o far_o as_o be_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o city_n they_o be_v choose_v and_o entrust_v to_o make_v by-law_n if_o they_o offend_v they_o be_v but_o minister_n and_o officer_n and_o so_o they_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o
a_o law-book_n to_o back_v i_o i_o remember_v that_o my_o lord_n hobart_n say_v that_o zeal_n and_o indignation_n be_v fervent_a passion_n the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v great_a indignation_n against_o the_o papist_n for_o this_o conspiracy_n against_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n and_o the_o religion_n establish_v by_o law_n there_o be_v no_o disaffection_n in_o the_o city_n at_o this_o time_n when_o this_o petition_n be_v make_v sure_a and_o i_o wonder_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o know_v london_n and_o be_v acquaint_v with_o it_o then_o and_o look_n upon_o this_o petition_n which_o pass_v nemine_fw-la contradicente_fw-la that_o they_o have_v such_o a_o intention_n as_o be_v insinuate_v and_o pray_v let_v he_o read_v the_o name_n of_o the_o worthy_a alderman_n that_o then_o sit_v upon_o the_o bench_n and_o the_o other_o name_n of_o the_o common_a council-man_n then_o present_a and_o then_o let_v he_o say_v if_o without_o reflection_n the_o king_n have_v more_o loyal_a subject_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n than_o these_o man_n be_v and_o do_v you_o think_v if_o there_o have_v be_v in_o it_o any_o sedition_n or_o any_o of_o those_o ill_a quality_n that_o make_v up_o the_o ill_a adverb_n which_o be_v join_v to_o it_o in_o the_o replication_n not_o one_o of_o all_o those_o loyally-disposed_a man_n will_v have_v speak_v against_o it_o but_o alas_o all_o of_o it_o pass_v nemine_fw-la contradicente_fw-la my_o lord_n i_o say_v that_o if_o the_o matter_n of_o it_o be_v justifiable_a as_o i_o think_v it_o be_v than_o all_o these_o word_n will_v signify_v nothing_o if_o there_o be_v never_o so_o many_o more_o of_o they_o and_o the_o present_n and_o carry_v of_o it_o to_o the_o king_n that_o be_v no_o offence_n that_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v to_o be_v one_o and_o my_o lord_n i_o think_v it_o a_o very_a harsh_a translation_n of_o the_o word_n into_o latin_a when_o the_o petition_n say_v that_o the_o parliament_n proceed_n or_o the_o public_a justice_n receive_v a_o interruption_n to_o put_v that_o word_n of_o obstructionem_fw-la in_fw-la true_o i_o think_v a_o better_a word_n may_v have_v be_v find_v to_o express_v the_o soft_a expression_n in_o the_o petition_n and_o they_o need_v not_o have_v put_v that_o hard_a violent_a word_n obstructionem_fw-la when_o to_o make_v english_a of_o it_o they_o translate_v it_o interruption_n but_o my_o lord_n they_o do_v admit_v i_o say_v that_o the_o make_n and_o present_v of_o it_o to_o the_o king_n be_v not_o the_o offence_n so_o much_o as_o the_o publish_n of_o it_o by_o which_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o many_o other_o beside_o now_o to_o excuse_v that_o the_o answer_n we_o give_v be_v this_o and_o it_o be_v that_o which_o will_v carry_v a_o very_a reasonable_a ground_n of_o justification_n in_o it_o certain_a citizen_n that_o be_v private_a man_n have_v petition_v the_o common_a council_n and_o thereby_o they_o be_v importune_v to_o make_v know_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o make_v know_v to_o those_o citizen_n what_o the_o common_a council_n have_v do_v to_o prevent_v false_a rumour_n which_o we_o know_v be_v rife_a enough_o in_o those_o day_n and_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o ill_a in_o it_o we_o do_v print_v it_o and_o it_o be_v also_o all_o drive_v at_o the_o common_a interest_n at_o the_o king_n safety_n the_o preservation_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o government_n establish_v all_o this_o they_o do_v desire_n may_v be_v know_v to_o these_o citizen_n and_o all_o other_o that_o inquire_v about_o it_o and_o therefore_o they_o print_v it_o to_o evidence_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o ill_o intend_v in_o it_o and_o i_o do_v wonder_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o this_o objection_n of_o the_o publish_n of_o this_o petition_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o insist_v upon_o for_o they_o say_v that_o the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n do_v it_o and_o say_v not_o any_o thing_n of_o the_o common_a council_n that_o they_o do_v print_v it_o now_o they_o that_o do_v vote_n it_o know_v it_o without_o print_v and_o it_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o plead_n and_o confess_v by_o the_o demurrer_n that_o the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o london_n that_o be_v the_o corporation_n consist_v of_o above_o 50000_o man_n which_o can_v well_o be_v intend_v otherwise_o why_o then_o here_o be_v a_o petition_n that_o be_v agree_v to_o be_v well_o enough_o lodge_v as_o to_o the_o person_n that_o vote_v it_o it_o be_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o petition_v and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v only_o present_v to_o the_o king_n though_o it_o have_v be_v by_o those_o 50000_o man_n nay_o if_o it_o have_v be_v by_o 10000_o man_n who_o have_v be_v the_o corporation_n it_o have_v be_v well_o enough_o so_o it_o have_v not_o be_v print_v but_o only_o keep_v private_a to_o themselves_o why_o then_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o what_o be_v know_v to_o all_o london_n so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v lawful_a but_o it_o shall_v be_v heinous_o unlawful_a to_o send_v the_o news_n of_o it_o further_o it_o go_v further_a than_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v such_o a_o offence_n as_o shall_v be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o corporation_n my_o lord_n there_o be_v the_o case_n of_o lake_n and_o king_n the_o petition_n to_o the_o parliament_n be_v scandalous_a in_o itself_o yet_o it_o stand_v protect_v be_v present_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o print_v it_o provide_v it_o be_v deliver_v to_o a_o committée_n of_o parliament_n or_o only_o to_o those_o that_o be_v member_n though_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o the_o print_n of_o it_o be_v a_o great_a publish_n for_o the_o composer_n corrector_n and_o other_o person_n that_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o press_n read_v every_o letter_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o printing_n be_v but_o a_o more_o expeditious_a way_n of_o write_v and_o if_o he_o have_v employ_v 20_o clerk_n it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a publish_n than_o three_o or_o four_o printer_n possible_o the_o printer_n may_v not_o read_v it_o or_o not_o be_v able_a to_o read_v it_o well_o or_o not_o all_o of_o they_o read_v it_o at_o that_o time_n now_o here_o my_o lord_n sure_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o acquaint_v the_o citizen_n what_o they_o have_v do_v if_o you_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o common_a council_n and_o the_o common_a council_n to_o be_v the_o representative_a of_o the_o city_n it_o be_v always_o agree_v by_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o that_o any_o member_n may_v send_v the_o vote_n to_o those_o that_o send_v they_o thither_o and_o who_o they_o represent_v they_o have_v blame_v indeed_o man_n for_o send_v the_o debate_n but_o never_o for_o communicate_v the_o vote_n and_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o write_v that_o they_o may_v do_v by_o print_v why_o then_o may_v not_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n who_o by_o custom_n choose_v those_o common_a council_n man_n well_o desire_v to_o know_v and_o may_v well_o know_v what_o they_o have_v do_v and_o than_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o write_v they_o may_v by_o print_v for_o that_o be_v but_o another_o way_n though_o a_o more_o suitable_a and_o compendious_a way_n of_o exhibit_v any_o thing_n that_o you_o will_v have_v go_v to_o many_o and_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o impart_v it_o to_o all_o the_o city_n and_o all_o the_o city_n do_v know_v it_o though_o it_o do_v go_v further_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n for_o what_o be_v know_v to_o london_n may_v very_o well_o be_v know_v to_o all_o the_o nation_n beside_o without_o offence_n if_o it_o do_v go_v further_o beside_o it_o shall_v never_o be_v intend_v it_o be_v publish_v further_o or_o that_o any_o other_o know_v of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v publish_v in_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n michael_n bassishaw_o in_o the_o ward_n of_o bassishaw_n and_o that_o be_v in_o london_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n and_o so_o they_o only_o talk_v of_o it_o among_o themselves_o beside_o the_o main_a thing_n i_o go_v upon_o which_o be_v if_o there_o be_v no_o ill_a in_o the_o thing_n itself_o the_o ea_fw-la intention_n can_v make_v no_o crime_n by_o a_o bare_a affirmation_n which_o we_o deny_v and_o if_o it_o may_v be_v well_o say_v or_o do_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o print_v it_o and_o the_o publication_n be_v no_o offence_n neither_o my_o lord_n the_o next_o point_n i_o come_v to_o be_v this_o that_o a_o corporation_n can_v possible_o commit_v a_o capital_a crime_n or_o any_o other_o crime_n against_o the_o peace_n and_o i_o shall_v offer_v this_o dilemma_n either_o it_o
be_v do_v seditious_o or_o not_o if_o not_o then_o there_o be_v no_o sufficient_a assignment_n of_o a_o cause_n of_o forfeiture_n if_o it_o be_v then_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n for_o which_o the_o offender_n be_v indictable_a and_o that_o i_o say_v be_v absolute_o impossible_a for_o a_o corporation_n to_o be_v guilty_a of_o and_o here_o i_o will_v throw_v in_o also_o that_o business_n of_o the_o toll_n and_o i_o will_v for_o argument_n sake_n admit_v the_o take_n of_o a_o wrongful_a toll_n to_o be_v robbery_n and_o then_o let_v the_o argument_n go_v on_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o say_v within_o the_o bar_n occasional_o that_o a_o corporation_n be_v entrust_v with_o the_o government_n and_o that_o they_o may_v commit_v treason_n and_o raise_v sedition_n as_o mr._n solicitor_n have_v say_v i_o suppose_v it_o must_v be_v under_o their_o great_a seal_n but_o i_o confess_v i_o believe_v it_o be_v rather_o speak_v to_o amuse_v than_o to_o satisfy_v but_o i_o real_o think_v it_o be_v no_o ill_a nor_o unjustifiable_a thing_n for_o i_o to_o say_v nor_o against_o the_o government_n to_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a a_o corporation_n can_v commit_v treason_n or_o that_o it_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o government_n in_o any_o such_o kind_n but_o first_o my_o lord_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o what_o opinion_n former_a time_n have_v and_o that_o because_o such_o a_o opinion_n as_o this_o have_v be_v broach_v of_o late_a day_n lord_z chief_z justice_z mr_n recorder_n will_v you_o be_v much_o long_o because_o i_o must_v sit_v here_o at_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la this_o afternoon_n and_o yet_o i_o will_v feign_v hear_v the_o argument_n if_o it_o will_v not_o be_v too_o long_o mr._n recorder_n no_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v almost_o do_v and_o will_v cut_v short_a in_o 21_o e._n 4._o fol._n 13._o b._n it_o be_v say_v by_o pigott_n that_o a_o mayor_n have_v two_o ability_n the_o one_o to_o his_o own_o use_n to_o take_v and_o to_o grant_v and_o to_o do_v as_o another_o natural_a person_n do_v and_o then_o the_o mayor_n as_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n have_v another_o capacity_n to_o their_o common_a use_n and_o profit_n and_o that_o be_v but_o a_o name_n a_o ens_fw-la rationis_fw-la a_o thing_n that_o can_v be_v see_v and_o be_v no_o substance_n and_o for_o this_o name_n or_o corporation_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o can_v do_v or_o suffer_v any_o wrong_n as_o to_o beat_v or_o be_v beat_v as_o such_o a_o body_n but_o the_o wrong_n be_v make_v to_o every_o member_n of_o the_o body_n as_o to_o his_o own_o proper_a person_n and_o not_o as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o corporation_n nor_o can_v the_o corporation_n do_v a_o personal_a wrong_n to_o another_o nor_o can_v they_o commit_v treason_n nor_o felony_n as_o to_o the_o corporation_n nor_o against_o any_o other_o person_n and_o if_o a_o writ_n of_o debt_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n or_o other_o such_o body_n upon_o a_o obligation_n and_o they_o plead_v it_o be_v not_o their_o deed_n and_o it_o be_v find_v their_o deed_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v imprison_v as_o another_o single_a person_n shall_v the_o same_o law_n be_v if_o they_o be_v find_v dissessor_n with_o force_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v imprison_v nor_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o ravishment_n of_o ward_n they_o shall_v neither_o be_v imprison_v nor_o abjure_v the_o realm_n for_o such_o a_o body_n be_v but_o a_o name_n to_o which_o such_o a_o act_n can_v be_v do_v so_o say_v catesby_n in_o the_o same_o book_n in_o a_o writ_n bring_v against_o they_o not_o capias_fw-la shall_v issue_v because_o they_o be_v but_o as_o a_o dead_a person_n in_o law_n and_o the_o appearance_n upon_o a_o capias_fw-la can_v be_v otherwise_o than_o personal_a and_o so_o to_o this_o purpose_n say_v the_o chief_a justice_n there_o if_o this_o body_n will_v do_v any_o thing_n it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o write_v and_o all_o along_o it_o be_v the_o tenor_n of_o the_o whole_a case_n that_o a_o corporation_n can_v commit_v treason_n or_o any_o other_o crime_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v above_o any_o authority_n suppose_v that_o they_o under_o their_o common_a seal_n shall_v commit_v treason_n and_o you_o bring_v a_o indictment_n of_o treason_n against_o the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n what_o judgement_n shall_v be_v give_v against_o they_o in_o their_o corporate_a capacity_n what_o it_o shall_v be_v that_o suspendatur_fw-la per_fw-la collum_fw-la corpus_fw-la politicum_fw-la and_o then_o what_o execution_n shall_v be_v do_v upon_o that_o sentence_n what_o must_v they_o hang_v up_o the_o common_a seal_n nothing_o else_o you_o can_v do_v can_v affect_v they_o but_o in_o their_o private_a capacity_n there_o they_o may_v be_v punish_v as_o single_a person_n a_o penal_a statute_n say_v that_o he_o or_o she_o that_o offend_v against_o the_o law_n shall_v forfeit_v so_o much_o or_o incur_v such_o a_o penalty_n be_v a_o corporation_n male_a or_o female_a that_o it_o shall_v come_v under_o such_o a_o provision_n but_o the_o real_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v this_o it_o be_v a_o civil_a be_v it_o be_v ens_fw-la civil_a it_o be_v corpus_fw-la politicum_fw-la it_o have_v civil_a quality_n but_o it_o have_v no_o moral_a quality_n and_o all_o offence_n consist_v in_o the_o immorality_n of_o they_o and_o there_o must_v be_v malice_n to_o make_v that_o immorality_n no_o word_n or_o act_n be_v treason_n or_o felony_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o traitorous_a mind_n or_o a_o felonious_a mind_n and_o therefore_o a_o madman_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n or_o felony_n serjeant_n ______o bring_v a_o action_n for_o these_o word_n that_o he_o have_v speak_v treason_n it_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o this_o can_v be_v actionable_a for_o he_o may_v speak_v treason_n in_o put_v a_o case_n ay_o that_o be_v well_o say_v they_o if_o it_o can_v be_v understand_v so_o but_o we_o must_v intend_v it_o that_o he_o speak_v treason_n as_o his_o 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in_o person_n but_o you_o can_v never_o bring_v the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n into_o goal_n to_o appear_v and_o plead_v to_o a_o indictment_n to_o receive_v a_o judgement_n or_o suffer_v execution_n can_v a_o body_n politic_n that_o be_v invisible_a appear_v in_o person_n obj._n but_o then_o there_o be_v this_o great_a objection_n by_o this_o mean_n they_o say_v if_o there_o be_v no_o punish_v of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o government_n and_o they_o may_v commit_v treason_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n they_o may_v raise_v army_n and_o instigate_v a_o rebellion_n and_o all_o with_o impunity_n sol._n my_o lord_n i_o say_v no_o and_o i_o give_v two_o answer_n to_o it_o that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reply_v to_o and_o the_o first_o be_v this_o 1._o all_o these_o person_n that_o be_v meet_v together_o though_o they_o be_v meet_v corporaliter_fw-la in_o their_o corporate_a capacity_n â—â—r_a the_o act_n of_o the_o corporation_n at_o that_o time_n yet_o when_o they_o go_v out_o of_o their_o corporate_a business_n and_o commit_v treason_n or_o felony_n the_o crime_n do_v not_o egredi_fw-la personas_fw-la every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o traitor_n or_o a_o felon_n and_o notwithstanding_o they_o appear_v there_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o a_o corporation_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o liable_a in_o their_o private_a several_a capacity_n every_o one_o of_o they_o must_v be_v indict_v personal_o and_o suffer_v personal_o for_o when_o they_o go_v about_o to_o do_v such_o a_o thing_n it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o business_n of_o the_o corporation_n and_o they_o must_v answer_v for_o their_o own_o particular_a offence_n but_o 2._o i_o have_v another_o answer_n to_o give_v to_o it_o this_o objection_n be_v to_o be_v retort_v on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o if_o a_o