and the issue is â—â— pt forth of her belly alive there he shall not be Tenant by the Curtesie for this ought to begin by the issue and consummate by the death of the woman and the Estate of the Tenant by the Curtesie ought to avoid the immediate discent But if the husband hath issue by his wife and after Land discends to the woman be the issue then dead or alive he shall be Tenant by the Curtesie for the time of the birth of the issue is not material if it be in the life of the woman If Lands be given to a woman and the heirs males of her body and she takes an hu â— band and hath issue a daughter and dies the husband shall not be Tenant by the Curtesie for the issue cannot by any possibility inherit the same Tenements Also as a woman alien marrying one of the Kings subjects shall not be endowed in the same manner a man alien shall not be Tenant by the Curtesie Also if a man seised of Land in right of his wife be attainted of Felony having issue and then purchases the Kings Pardon and after his wife dies there he shall not be Tenant by the Curtesie But if he hath issue by his wife born after the Pardon in such case he shall Curtilage CUrtilage is a Garden Yard Field or piece of void ground lying near and belonging to the Messuage West part 2. sect 26. And so it is used 35 H. 8. c. 4. 39 Eliz. 2 Coke l. 6. fol. 64. Customary Tenants CUstomary Tenants are such Tenants as hold by the Custome of the Mannor as their special Evidence Custome CUstome may be defined to be a Law or Right not written which being established by long use and consent of our Ancestors hath been and dayly is put in practice Custome is either general or particular General is that which is current through England whereof you may read in Doctor and Student l. 1. c. 7. many very worthy to be known Particular is that which belongs to this or that County as Gavelkind to Kent or to this or that Lordship City or Town Custome differs from Prescription because Custome is common to many and Prescription by the opinion of some is particular to this or that man Again Prescription may be for a shorter time than Custome sc for five years or less As if a Fine be duly levied of Lands or Tenements and be not gainsaid within five years this is a Bar to all Claim for ever If a man omits his Continual Claim for a year and a day then the Tenant in possession prescribes an Immunity against the Entry of the Demandant and his Heir Fitzh Nat. Brev. 79. Out of our Statutes you may have greater diversity so that this seems to be a true saying That Prescription is an Exception founded upon so long time gone and past as the Law limits for the pursuit of any Action An example may be taken out of the Statute of 1 H. 8. c. 4. which enacts That in all Actions popular information shall be made within three years after the offence committed otherwise to be of no force Custome is also used for the Tribute or Toll that Merchants pay to the King to carry in and out Merchandizes 14 E. 3. Stat. 1. c. 21. In which signification it is called Custuma in Latine Reg. Orig. 129. a. 138. a. And lastly for such Services as Tenants of a Manor owe unto their Lord. Old Book of Entries word Custome See Consuetud Servitiis Custos Brevium CUstos Brevium is the chief Clerk belonging to the Court of Common Pleas or Kings Bench whose office is to receive and keep all the Writs and to put them upon Files every Return by it self and at the end of every Term to receive of the Prothonotaries all the Records of Nisi prius called the Postea The Custos Brevium also makes entry of Writs of Covenant and the Concord upon every Fine and makes out Exemplifications and Copies of all the Writs and Records in his Office and of all the Fines levied The parts of the Fines after they are ingrossed are divided between the Custos Brevium and the Chirographer whereof the Chirographer keeps always the Writ of Covenant and the Note the Custos Brevium keeps the Concord and the Foot of the Fine upon which Foot the Chirographer causes the Proclamations to be indorsed when they are all proclaimed Custos Rotulorum CUstos Rotulorum is he that hath the keeping of the Rolls or Records of the Sessions of the Peace and as some think of the Commission of the Peace it self Lam. l. 4. c. 3. p. 373. He is always Iustice of the Peace and Quorum in the County where he hath his Office and by his Office he is rather termed an Officer or Minister then a Iudge because the Commission of the Peace lays this special Charge by express words upon him That he should cause the Writs Precepts Process and Indictments aforesaid to come and be before him and his fellow-fellow-Justices at the days and places aforesaid Gardian of the Spiritualties GArdian of the Spiritualties is he that exercises the spiritual and Ecclesiastical Iurisdiction of any Diocess during the Vacancy of the See the appointment of whom by the Canon Law pertains to the Dean and Chapter lest in the Vacancie of the See some Innovation should be introduced But in Engl. the Archbishop of the Province hath it by Prescription Howbeit many Deans and Chapters a â— M. Gwyn saith in his Preface to his Readings challenge this by ancient Charters from the Kings of this Land Cuynage CUynage is a word used in the Statute of 11 H. 7. c. 4. for the making up of Tinne into that fashion as it is used to be framed for the better carriage of it into other parts D. Dammage DAmmage is part of that which the Iurors are to enquire of in giving their Verdict for the Complainant or Demandant in an Action real or personal For after the Verdict given upon the principal matter they are also asked their Consciences touching Costs which are the Expences of the Suit and Dammages which contain the prejudice which the Plaintiff or Demandant hath suffered by means of the wrong doue him by the Defendant or Tenant And forasmuch as Iustice and Reason require that when the life credit lands goods corruption of bloud and all that a man hath to forfeit in this world are put in peril without just cause but only upon the malicious Accusation of another by Appeal that the Appellee should have satisfaction therefore against his false Accuser and if he hath not sufficient then against him or them that abbetted or procured him to pursue the Appeal Therefore the Common Law gave Dammages to the Defendant in an Appeal and assigned him a means for the recovery thereof when he was acquitted of the Felony as it is 48 E. 3. 22. But forasmuch as the Dammages against the Procurors and Abbettors were to be recovered
appel Custuma en Latine Reg. Orig. 129. a. 138. a. Et de â— ermÌ„t pÌ„ tiels Services que Tenants de un Manor doiont a lour SnÌ„r Veiel livre â— Entries verb ' Custome Veies Consuetud Servitiis Custos Brevium Custos Brevium est le primer Clerk apperteinant al Court 〈◊〉 ComÌ„on Pleas ou Bank le Roy l' office de quel est de receive tener touts les Briefs mitter eux sur Files chescun Return ê‘ luy mesme al fine 〈◊〉 chescÌ„ Terme 〈◊〉 receiver del Prothonotaries touts les Records de Nisiprius appel le Postea Le Custos Brevium aux ' fait entrie des BrÌ„es â— Covenant le Concord sur chesc ' Fine fait hors Exemplifications Transcripts de touts les BrÌ„es Records en son Office de touts les Fines levie Les Fines puis qÌ„ ils sont engrosse les parts de ceo sont divide ê‘ent ' le Custos Brevium le Chirographer â— qÌ„ le Chirographer reteigna touts foits le Brief de Covenant le Note le Custos Brevium reteina le CoÌ„cord Pee del Fine sur quel Pee le Chirograph ' causa le Proclamations destre indorse quaÌ„t ils touts sont ê‘claime Custos Rotulorum CUstos Rotulorum est celuy qÌ„ ad le Custody â— s Rolls ou Records des Sessions del Peace coÌ„e ascuns semble del Commission del Peace mesme Lam. l. 4. c. 3. p. 373. Il est touts foits Justice del Peace Quorum en le Countie ou il ad son Office ê‘ son Office il est piuistoft appel un Officer ou Minister que un Judge pur ceo que le Commission del Peace impose ceo especial Charge per expresse parols sur luy Quod ad dies loca predicta Brevia Praecepta Processus Indictamenta praedicta coram te dictis Sociis tuis venire facias Custos des Spiritualities CUstos des Spiritualties est celuy qÌ„ exercisa le Spiritual Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction â— ascun Diocesse durant le Vacancie del See l'appointment de quel per le Ley Canon apperteinÌ„ al Dean Chapiter Ne Sede vacante aliquid innovetur Mes en Angleterre l' Archievesque del Province ad ceo per Prescription Uncore plusors Deanes Chapiters come dit M. Gwyn en le Preface a son Lectures demande ceo ê‘ veils Charters des Roys de cest Terre Cuynage CUynage est un parol use eÌ„ le Statute 11 H. 7. c. 4. pÌ„ le framer 〈◊〉 Estaigne en tiel forme come solont 〈◊〉 ceo framer pÌ„ le pluis apt portage de ceo en auters lieus D. Dammage DAmmage est un part ê‘ ceo qÌ„ les Jurors sont Ä‘ enquirÌ„ donant lour Verdict pÌ„ le Plaintiff ou Demandant en uÌ„ Action real ou ê‘sonal Car puis le Verdict done sur le principal cause ils sont auxy demaund lour consciences touchant Costs queux sont les Expences del Suit Dammages que coÌ„tein le parde qÌ„ le Plaintiff ou Demandant ad susteine per cause del tort a luy fait ê‘ le Defendant ou Tenant Et entaÌ„t qÌ„ Justice Reason vollont qÌ„ quant le vie le credit les tres les beins le eorruption de son sanke tout ceo qÌ„ home ad a forfeit ' eÌ„ cest monde sont mise eÌ„ peril sans voyer cause mes solemÌ„t sur le malicious Accusation dun aut ' ê‘ Appeal qÌ„ l'Appellee averoit satisfaction pÌ„ ceo envers son faux Accuser sil nad sufficient donque vers luy ou ceux que luy abbetta ou procura de pursuer le Appeale Pur ceo le Common Ley donast DamÌ„ages al Defendant en un Appeal assigne a luy un meane pur le recoverie de eux quant il fuist acquite del Felony coÌ„e est 48 Edw. 3 22. Mes entant que les DamÌ„ages vers le Procurors Abbettors fueront destre recover per Original Brief cestascavoir ê‘ Brief de Conspiracy nient auterment que ne fuist cy curt remedie come le heinous degree del tort require le Statute de Westminster le 2. An. 13. Ed. 1. cap. 12. pur le pluis subite redresse fuit ordaine Mes si le Defendant barre le Plaintiffe de son Appeale donque il ne poit recover DamÌ„ages ê‘ le dit Stat. envers le Plaintiff forsque le Barre soit tiel qÌ„ acquite le Defend ' â— l Felonie Et si le Defendant plead que le Appellant est ou Bastard ou ad un Eigne frere ou tiels Pleas en barre per eux barre le Plaintiff uncore il ne recovera Dammages vers luy pur ceo que le Defendant poit estre endite arere de mesme le Felonie attaint nient obstant ascun de ceux Pleas car per eux le innocencie del Defendant nest pas trie pur ceo il navera DamÌ„age 27 Ass pla 25. Mesme le ley est si le Defendant barre le Appellant ê‘ Demurrer en Ley Et issint est si en Appeal del mort duÌ„ home le Defendant plead al issue est trove ê‘ Verdict que il occide le hoÌ„e en soÌ„ defence demesne ou per Misadventure en ceux cases il ne recovera DamÌ„ages Mes si le Defendant en Appeale ad le Release del Appellant ou le Pardon le Roy voile eux waiver pled ' Nient culpable est acquite en cest case il recovera DamÌ„ages Cest parol Damna est prise en la Ley en deux several significations l'un propermÌ„t generalment l' auter relative stricte Properment come est en cases ou DamÌ„ages sont foundue sur le Stat. de 2 H. 4. cap. 1. 8 H. 6. c. 9. ou Costs sont enclude deins cest parol DamÌ„ages car Damnum en son proper general signification dicitur a demendo cum Diminutione res deterior fit en cest sense Costs de Suit sont Dammages al Plaintiff car per eux res sua diminuit ' Mes quant le Plaintiff monstrÌ„ le tort fait a luy a Dammage de tiel summe ceo est destre prise relative pur le tort que est passe devant le Brief port sont assesse occasione Transgressionis praedict ne poit extender al Costs del Suit que sont future d' un auter nature Veies Co. l. 10. f. 116 117. Dammage fesant DAmmage fesant est quant les Beasts de un estrang ' sont en auters terÌ„s sans liceÌ„ce del TenÌ„t d' la trÌ„e la mangeront trea â— ou auterment spoilont les blees grasse bois ou tiels semblables En quel case le Tenant que ils issint dammage poit pur ceo prender distrainÌ„ impound eux cybien en le nuict come en le jour Mes en auters cases come pur Rent Services
to the Polls Challenge to the Array is where Exception is taken to the whole number as impannelled partially Challenge to or by the Poll is where Exception is taken to any one or more as not indifferent Challenge to the Iurors is also divided into challenge principal and challenge for cause that is upon cause or reason Challenge principal or peremptory is that which the Law allows without cause alledged or Examination as a Prisoner at the Bar arraigned upon Felony may peremptorily challenge to the number of twenty one after another of the Iury impanuelled upon him not alledging any cause at all but his own dislike and they shall be discharged and new put into their places and this is in favor of life But in the case of High Treason no peremptory challenge is allowed See 25 H. 8. cap. 3. And a difference may be observed between challenge principal and challenge peremptory because challenge peremptory seems only to be used in matters Criminal and meerly without any cause alledged more than only the Prisoner's fansie Stamf. Pl. Cor. fol. 124. and principal for the most part in Civil Actions and with the namning of some Exception which being found true the Law presently allows As for example if any party saith that one of the Iurors is the Son Brother Cousin or Tenant to the other party or married to his daughter this is a good and strong Exception if it be true without farther examination of the credit of the party challenged And of how large extent this Challenge of Kindred is does well appear in Plow fol. 425. Also in the Plea of the death of any man and in every Action real and also in every Action personal where the debt or damages amounts to 40 marks it is a good challenge to any of the Iury impanelled That he cannot dispend forty shillings by the year of his own Free-hold An. 11 H. 7. cap. 21. Challenge upon reason or cause is when the party alledges any such Exception against one or more of the Iurors which is not forthwith sufficient upon acknowledgment of the truth thereof but rather arbitrable and consiverable by the rest of the Iurors as if the son of the Iuror had married the daughter of the adverse party This Challenge by cause seems to be termed by Kitch fo 92. Challenge for favor or rather Challenge for favor is there said to be a Species of Challenge by cause Where you may also read what Challenges are commonly accounted for principal and what not Chamberdekins CHamberdekins are Irish Beggars which by the Statute of 1 H. 5. c. 8. were by a certain time within the said Statute limited to avoid this Land Champertie CHampertie is a Writ that lies where two men are impleading and one gives the half or part of a thing in plea to a stranger to maintain him against the other then the party grieved shall have this Writ against the stranger And it seems that this hath been an ancient grievance in our Realm For notwithstanding divers Statutes and a form of a Writ framed unto them yet Anno 4 E. 3. c. 11. it was enacted That where the former Statutes provided redresse for this only in the King's Bench which then followed the Court it should be lawful for the Iustices of the Common Pleas likewise and Iustices of Assise in their Circuits to enquire hear and determine these and such cases as well at the Kings Suit as at the Suit of the party Also it was ordained by the Statute of 33 H. 8. which was confirmed by the Statute of 37 H. 8. c. 7. That Iustices of Peace at their Quarter Sessions should have authority to enquire as well by the Oaths of 12 men as by the information given to them by any person or persons of the defaults contempts and offences committed against the Laws and Statutes made and provided touching Champerty Maintenance c. and to hear and determine the said faults and offences Champertors are they that move Pleas and Suits or cause to be moved by their own or oothers procurement and sue them at their own costs to have part of the Lands or gains in variance See the Stat. Articuli suê‘ chartas c. 11. Chance-medley CHance medley is when a man without any evil intent doth a lawful thing or that is not prohibited by Law and yet another is slain or comes to his death thereby as if a man casts a stone which hits a man or woman who after dies thereof or if a man shoots an arrow and another that passes by is killed and such like this manner of killing is Man-slaughter by misadventure or Chance-medley for which the offendor shall have his pardon of course as appears by the Statute of 6 E. 1. c. 9. and he shall forfeit his goods in such manner as he that kills a man in his own defence But in this case it is to be considered whether he that commits this Man-slaughter by Chance-medley was in doing a lawfull thing for if the act was unlawfull as to fight at Barriers or run at Tilt without the Kings commandment or cast stones in a High-way where men usually pass or shoot arrows in a Market-place or such like whereby a man is killed in all these cases it is Felony at least that is Manssaughter if not Murther for the Offendor being doing an unlawful act of his own will the Law shall construe his meaning and will herein by the success of the act As if two are fighting together and a third man comes to part them and is killed by one of the two without any malice forethought or evil intent in him that killed the man yet this is Murther in him and not Man-slaughter by Chance-medley or Misadventure because they two that fought together were in doing an unlawful act And if they were met with prepensed malice the one intending to kill the other then it is Murther in them both Chancery CHancery is a Court of Law at Westminster for Suits for and against Attorneys Clerks and Officers of this Court this part of it and also the intelments of Deeds Patents is of Record And there is also a Court for Equity and their proceedings therein are entred in English and the Lord Chancellor or Keeper of the great Seal and Master of the Rolls are Iudges and the Writs are returnable there Coram Rege in Cancellaria Co. 4. Instit 78. Chapiter CHapiter is a Summary or content of all such matters as are enquirable before Iustices in Eyre Iustices of Assise or of the Peace in their Sessions so it is used 3 E. 1. c. 27. in these words And that no Clerk of any Iustice Escheator or Commissioner in Eyre shall take any thing for delivery of Chapiters but only Clerks of Iustices in their Circuits and likewise 13 E. 1. c. 10. in these words And when the time comes the Sheriff shall certifie the Chapiters before the Iustices in Eyre how many Writs he hath Also Britton uses it
ê‘ deux ans nul sufficient Distress poit estre trove sur le terre donques jeo avera cest Brief per que jeo recovera le tetre Mes si le Tenant vient en Court devant Judgment tendra les Arrerages les Damages trove Surety que il ne cessera pluis en payment de dit Rent jeo serra compel de prender les Arrerages les Damages donques le Tenant ne perdera la terrÌ„ Le Heir ne poit maintaine cel Brief pur Cesser fait en temps son Ancestor Auxy ne gist mes pur Annual service come Rent huju â— nodi nient pur Homage Fealry Auxy il y ad auter Brief appel Cessavit de Cantaria gist ou un done terrÌ„s a Meason de religion a trover pur lalme de luy de ses ancestors de ses heires anÌ„ualnÌ„it un Chandel ou Lampe eÌ„ Esglise ou pÌ„ faire Divine Service de paster les povers ou auters Almes ou auter tiel chose faire donque si les di â— s Services ne sont pas fait per 2 ans le Donor ou ses Heires averÌ„ ces brief vers quecunque est eins apres tiel Cesser Vide le Statute W. 2. cap. 41. Cession CEssion est quant un Ecclesiastical ê‘son est cree Evesque cu quant un Parson â— un Parsonage prist un auter benefice sans dispensation ou auternÌ„it nient qualified c. En ambideux cases lour primer benefices sont devenus void sont appelle destre void ê‘ Cession Et al ceux que il ad que fuit cree Evesque le Roy presentera pro illa vice quicunque soit Patron de eux Et en lauter case le Patron poit presenter Vies 41 E. 3. 5. 11 H. 4. 37. Cestuy a que vie cestuy a que use CEstuy a que vie est il pur quel vie un auter teigne un estate cestuy a que use est il qÌ„ est un feoffee pur le use â— un auter Challenge CHallenge est un Exception prise ou envers Persons ou Choses Persons coÌ„e en un Assise les Jurors ou ascÌ„ un ou pluis de eux ou en case 〈◊〉 Felony ê‘ le PrisonÌ„ al Barre vers Choses comÌ„ un Declaration Vet. N. B. fol. 76. Challenge faits a les Jurors est fait ou al Array ou a les Polls Challenge al Array est ou Exception est prise al entire nomber come impanel ê‘tialment Challenge al ou per le Poll est ou Exception est prise al ascun un ou pluis come nient indifferent Challenge a les Jurors est aux ' divide en Challenge principal Challenge pur cause ces â— adire sur cause ou reason Challenge principal ou peremptory est ceo que le Ley allows sans cause alledge ou examination com un PrisonÌ„ al Barr arraine sur Felony poit peremptoriment chalenge al nombre de vint un apres auter del Jury impanel sur luy nient alledgant d â— scÌ„ cause mes son dislike demesne ils serront discharge novels mise en lour lieus ceo est in favorem vitae Mes en le case de hault Treason nul peremptory Challenge est allow Vide 25 H. 8. cap. 3. Et un difference poit estre observe perent ' challenge principal challenge ê‘emptory pÌ„ ceo que challenge ê‘emptory semble solemÌ„t destre use eÌ„ choses criminal merement sans ascun cause alledge pluis que le sole phantasie del Prisoner Stamf. Pl. Co. f. 124. principal pÌ„ le greinder part en civil Actions ove le nosmant de ascun Exception qÌ„ esteant trove voyer le â— ey maintenant allowe Come pÌ„ Example si ascun party dit que un des Jurors est le Fits Frere Cousin ou Tenant al auter party ou espouse son file ceo est un bone fort Exception fil soit voyer sans pluis examination del credit del party challenge Et de qÌ„ large extent cest Challenge de Consanguinity est bien applert Plow fol. 425. Auxi en le Plea del mort de ascun home en chescun Action real auxy en chescun Action personal ou le dett ou damages amount al 40 marks il est bone Challenge al ascun del Jurie impannel qui il ne poit dispender 40 s. per le an de son Franktenement demesne An. 11 H. 7. cap. 21. Challenge sur reason ou cause est quant le party alledge ascÌ„ tiel Exception vers un ou pluis del Jurie que nest immediatemÌ„t sufficieÌ„t sur conusance del voierty de ceo mes arbitrable considerable per le residue de Jurors comÌ„ si le fits le Juror ad espouse le file del adverse party Cest Challenge pur cause semble per Kitch fol. 92. destre dit Challenge pur favor ou potius Challenge pÌ„ favor est la dit destre un Species de Challenge per cause Ou poies auxy lier queux Challenges sont communement account pur principal queux nemy Chamberdekins CHamberdekins sont Irish Beggars que ê‘ le Statute de 1 H. 5. c. 8. fueront ê‘ un certain temps deins mesme le Statute express 〈◊〉 avoid cest Terre Champerty CHampertie est un BreÌ„ gist lou deux homes sont impleadants l'un done la moietie ou part del chose en plee a un estranger pur luy mainteiner encounter l'auter donques le party grieve avera cest BreÌ„ devers l'estranger Et semble que ceo ad este un ancient grievance en nostre Terre Car nient obstant divers Statutes un forme de un BreÌ„ frame a ceux uncore Anno 4 E. 3. c. 11. fuit enact Que ou les primer Statutes ê“vide redresse pur ceo solement en Bank le Roy que donques attend le Court il serroit loyal pur les Justices del common Plees ensement Justices Ä‘ Assises en lour Circuits Ä‘ enquirer oyer determiner ceux tiels cases cybien al Suit le Roy come al Suit del party Auxy fuit ordelgne per le Statute de 33 H. 8. que fuit confirm ê‘ le Statute de 37 H. 8. c. 7. Que Justices Ä‘l Peace a lour Quarter Sessions averont authority Ä‘ enquirer cybien ê‘ les seremÌ„ts Ä‘ 12 homes come ê‘ l' enformation done a eux per ascun person ou ê‘sons des defaults contempts offences comÌ„ise encount ' les Leys Statutes fait purview touchant Chamê‘ty Maintenance c. a oyer determiner les ditsfaults offences Champertors sont ceux que mova Plees Suits ou cause destre move ê‘ lour ou auters ê“curemÌ„t sue a lour costages charge demesne pÌ„ aver part del terre ou gaines eÌ„ variance Veies le Stat. Articuli super chartas c. 11. Chance-medley CHance-medley est quant un home