spent that time Christian army retires so Corfu wherein they had designed great enterprises without any fruit but with incredible charge The Nauy then returned towards Corfu leauing the passage free for Vluccialy to retire to Constantinople at such time as hee beganne to feare the euent D. Iohn hauing retyred to Sicile and from thence to Naples Marc Antonio Colonna and Doria went into Spaine to relate vnto the king what had beene done that yeare and Colonna to free himselfe of some imputations laied vpon him by such as did malice his greatnesse wherein hee did preserue his honour and returned into Italie with great reputation After the arrest of the English Merchants Sir Francis Drakes first voyage to the Indies and their goods both in Spaine and the Low-Countries as you haue heard the English sought all meanes to bee reuenged of the Spaniards Some vpon their owne coast and others went vnto the Indies Among which Master Francis Drake who was then a man of no great note with the helpe of other aduenturers manned forth two ships and a Pynnace and went to Nombre de Dios in Noua Hispania where hearing that the Towne was not very well peopled hee landed in the night with one hundred and fiftie men whereof he put seuenty into a fort and the rest seazed vpon the market place the inhabitants in this amazement flying to the Mountaines but soone after they within the fort apprehending that their companions in the Towne had been all slaine for that they had heard some shot and their trumpet did not answere them They retyred inconsiderately to their Pinnace which they of the Towne finding made all the hast they could to get to their ships Thus Master Drake without any losse but a Trumpeter and hauing slaine but one man within the towne retyred much discontented from Nombre de Dios. After which hee came to the sound of Darien where hauing conference with certaine Negros which had fled from their Master of Panama and Nombre de Dios they did aduertise them of certaine Mules which were to passe from Panama to Nombre de Dios laden with gold and siluer whereupon hee landed a hundred shot and went to attend them with these Negros where hee tooke two troupes of them hauing none but their driuers being without any feare hee vnladed the Mules and tooke the gold onely being vnable as some of them write to carrie the siluer through the Mountaines Within two daies after he came to a place called the house of Crosses where he slue fiue or six Merchants he found not any gold nor siluer there but much merchandize fired the house with the goods being valued at aboue two hundred thousand ducats thence his went to his ships presently after there came downe three hundred shot Spaniards but it was too late The Venetians seeing that there was no likeliehood to make their profite by the support of this league 1573 and that in this warre they had lost the realme of Cypres spent foure millions of ducats and recouered not any one place of importance finding also that the Spaniards after all their delayes would still be masters commaund in all their councels and haue the honour of all executions they resolued to make a peace with the Turke by the mediation of the French King and the diligence of Marc Anthonie Barbaro their Consull who had beene staied at Constantinople the which was concluded vpon restitution of certaine small places in Dalmatia Peace betwixt the Turke 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 and 300000 crownes which the Venetians should pay vnto the Turke at three payments The Senate being certified of the conclusion they sent their embassadours to the Pope and catholike King to iustifie their actions Pope Gregorie the thirteenth was discontented but there was no remedie for hee must allow of their reasons which seemed pertinent The King of Spaine seemed no wayes distasted with this peace of the Venetians 〈…〉 but would shew by the effects that hee was able of himselfe without the help of anie other to maintaine continuall warre against the Turke for the defence of Christendome and not onely defend himselfe from him but make warre against him at his doore He therefore commaunded that the fleet which was prepared at Naples and Sicile should go and attempt some thing in the Leuant Seas or be imploied to annoy Vluccialy vpon the coast of Afrike where he had expelled Amida out of the realme of Tunes for that hee had performed all dueties to the King of Spaine and paied the tribute which his father had promised to the Emperour Charles the which did much displease the Turks holding Alger and other places in Afrike who procured Sâ—lims approbation to haue him dispossessed and an other set in his place who should be more at his deuotion the which was executed by Vluccialy wherefore King Philippe thinking that he had an interest therein and that it was necessarie to weaken the Turke forces in those partes being greatly suspected to Sicile and other parts of Italie which Countries the Turkes desired much to ioyne vnto his empire hee sent commaundement to D. Iohn by Soto his Secretarie whom hee had sent into Spaine to that end that hee should imploy the gallies hee had readie in this expedition which would be verie profitable for Christendome whilest that the Turkes forces were but weake at sea to attempt a succour so farre off In the meane season there was great means made for the deliuerie of Aly Bassas sons which had beene taken at the battell whom D. Iohn had obtained from the Confederates with great instance but one of them was dead before to his great griefe that hee could not wholie gratifie the mother wherefore he sent him home that was liuing called Moamed Sonne of Aly Bassa 〈◊〉 at liberty by D. Iohn accompanying him with a dwarfe of his owne and foure Turkes that had beene taken with him and many presents which the mother had sent vnto his Highnesse in signe of honour but he refused to accept them and wrote the reason thereof vnto her wherein he shewed the greatnesse of his mind I haue forborne said hee to accept the present which you sent me and Moamed hath it not for that I doe not esteeme it as come from your hands but for that the greatnesse of my ancestors is not accustomed to receiue gifts from such as are forced to flie vnto them for fauour The armie beeing ready for the enterprise of Tunis D. Iohn parted with the Duke of Sessa Enterprise of Tunis Anthonio Doria Iohn Andrew and other noblemen on the eight day of September 1573 from the port which in old time was called Lilybee and had beene long neglected notwithstanding that it be one of the best ports in the Iland and had beene much vsed by the Romans in the Carthaginian warres others write that they went from Palermo There was in the fleet one hundred and sixteene gallies foure and thirtie shippes and other
beames did teare so as they looked hourely when the Oretoppe would fall and the ordnance sinke downe into the Keele Whereupon hee was forced to put backe to Plymouth where hee found a great part of the fleet There they repaired their shippes and the earle tooke another his owne being made vnseruiceable But they were kept in by continuall stormes and contrarie windes vntill their three monethes victuals was in a manner spent and the sicknesse growne great in the flie boats which carried the land armie Whereupon the Generall had order to discharge his land forces all but a thousand old souldiers which had beene drawne out of the Low Countries so as they were made vnable to land any forces at Farol After which there was a project made by the earle to send in certaine ships of fire and to bume the king of Spaines fleet as it should lye in the harbour without any daunger to the queenes ships Which counsell being allowed of at Court they put the second time to sea But some of good judgement in the fleet held this exploit vnfeasable they hauing not sufficient forces to performe it neither could they attempt it without apparent daunger as indeed it succeeded not for that the Saint Mathew one of the chiefe ships which should haue beene imployed in that action had lost her fore-mast and was put backe into England as they pretended So as hauing no meanes to doe any seruice vpon the fleet at Farol they concluded for the intercepting of the Indian fleet and defeating of the Adelantado if he did put to sea for there was no meanes to take in the island of Tercera their land forces being discharged Whereupon they shaped their course for the islands where they layed wait for the Indian fleet but they escaped them and got into Tercera road What the reasons of the missing of this Indian fleet were and what was else done at the islands by this armie I leaue to an ample relation of him who was an eye witnesse and did well obserue it And so hauing failed in all their designes this fleet returned home into England The Spaniards did in like manner arme Spaniards preparation at sea There was the regiment of Alexander de Monti consisting of 15 companies imbarked at Naples the which had like to haue beene cast away in a storme vpon the coast of Romania In the end they came to Genoua and there joyned with the troupes of Gambalaita all which were transported into Spaine in Dorias gallies passing from Barcelona to Cadiz where a part of the fleet lay there they imbarked their land forces in certaine galleons being six thousand Italians going towards the Groine with an intent being joyned with the Adelantado and the rest of the fleet to make some attempt vpon England But on the eight of September they had so cruell a storme as they were scattered from their Admirall and in exceeding great daunger whereof some were cast away A galleon wherein Alexander de Monti was and some of his companies hauing lost her maine mast was driuen to the Canaries and after that to the coast of Africke hauing lost his pilot with most of his mariners there he ran her on ground and recouered Mazagon where he furnished himselfe of all that hee wanted and then he past towards the strait meeting with an English ship which fought long with him but in the end he tooke her Then joyning with D. Pedro de Toledo with some other vessels they scoured the coast of Barbarie securing the coasts of Spaine and in the end they came to winter in Saint Marie port The rest of this Spanish fleet after this cruell storme for the most part recouered Farol Thus both fleets this yeare without any fruits put themselues to the hazard of the sea and receiued great losses The warres hauing continued long betwixt France and Spaine Mediation for a peace betwixt France and Spaine many princes desired to see the miseries of Christendome at an end Pope Clement the eight as much affecting this generall peace as any of his predecessors considering the great miseries which the diuisions of the French and Spaniards did cause and that the Turke made his profit thereof and had incroached farre into Christendome hee resolued to reconcile these two kings of Spaine and France Father Bonauâ—enture Calatagirone a Siâ—ilian borne Generall of the Franciscanes and who afterwards was made Patriarke of Constantinople was sent by him into Spaine vnder colour to visit the Conuents of his Order but in effect it was to sound king Philip whether he had any inclination to a peace with France where hee found all things well disposed and the Spaniards desirous to change the doubtfull euents of a troublesome warre with the assured and more profitable effects of peace his old age his son young whom he desired to marie and to leaue him his Estates quiet his eldest daughter to whom he would giue the Low Counties marying her to cardinall Albert of Austria who like new Lords should haue need of the loue and good neighbourhood of a French king 1698 the French being vnited and their ciuile warres ended they were likely to transport the warre into his countries hauing taken Amiens by force euen in view of his armie All these considerations made the king of Spaine incline to a peace not onely with the French but with the Queene of England and the vnited Prouinces of the Netherlands Calatagirone being returned to Rome assured the Pope that hee had found a disposition and desire of peace in king Philip and that he was wearie of the warres So the Pope continuing in this good desire sent this Franciscan into France to persuade the king to peace and friendship with the king of Spaine Alexander cardinall of Florence his Holinesse Legat in France vnderstanding the Popes pleasure together with Calatagirone persuaded the king to yeeld vnto a peace And on the other side by the exhortations of the Patriarke Caietan his Holinesse Nuntio at Madrid the king of Spaine referred the whole treatie of the said peace to his nephew cardinall Albert. Whilest that Calatagirone went to Brussels to solicite the cardinall to send the deputies to Veruins the French king aduertised all his allies to the end they might be comprehended in this accord with the Spaniard if they thought good The queene of England who had more annoyed the Spaniard than all the princes of Christendome refused to be comprehended in the accord and so did the Estates of the vnited Prouinces who sent their embassadours to the French king to dissuade him from a peace with the Spaniard The king of Spaine did greatly desire a peace with them and sought it by the meanes of his kinsmen and allies who at his request sent their embassadours to that end into England Queene of England Estates of the Low Countries refuse a peace with the Spaniard and the vnited Prouinces but without effect The king of Spaine hearing of all their aunswers and
wont to be one of the members thereof with the title of a Iudge ordayning that from thence-foorth that country should bee confused betwixt the Cap of Cailleri and of Lugudori To returne vnto the promises and capitulations made betwixt the two kings of Nauar and Arragon there was no due execution thereof Nauarre neither were the hostages which had beene promised deliuered for it is no ordinarie thing in such treaties to haue deedes follow words these Princes beeing in continuall iealousie and distrust one of anotherâ—wherfore the King of Nauar Princes in continuall distrust receiuing no mony from the king of Arragon he did not furnish him with men to oppose against the army of Castile which was entred into the territories of Valence beginning withall to thinke of many desseins nothing fauourable for the king of Arragon If the king of Nauar hauing deceiued the king of Castile sought to do the like vnto him of Arragon the king of Arragon for his part did no lesse vnto the king of Nauarre for he had sent his ambassadours into France who treated a league at Tholousa with the Deputies of Charles the fifth the French king and with Lewis D. of Aniou his brother by the which the French promised to ayde the king of Arragon to conquer the realme of Nauar and to spoile K. Charles and hauing conquered it they bound themselues to furnish him alwaies with 500. lances against any one that should seek to dispossesse him The K. of Arragon promised also for his part to ayde the the French to conquer Guienna and to expell the English These accords were made in the yeare 1364 Charles the fifth the French king and Charles 2. king of Nauar being enemies But as they were Frenchmen and brothers-in-law they were reconciled afterwards concluded a peace so as the king of Arragon lost his paines and the allyance which he had sought in France serued him to no vse yet the war continued that yeare betwixt the French and the partisans of the K. of Nauar in France but in the yeare 1365. An. 1365. Queen Ieanne wife to the king of Nauar made hast to come to the French Court to treat a peace betwixt the two kings whereof the one was her husband and the other her brother for the K. of Arragon did importune the French king to effect the league concluded the yeare before at Tholousa especially for the conquest of Nauar for which reason he had sent new ambassadours vnto him that yeare The k. of Nauar being aduertised of all these things prest the Queene his wife to go this iourny notwithstanding that she was with child Her voyage for that time did produce nothing but a good truce but afterward there was a peace made by the great care of the two Queens Ieanne wife to the k. of Nauar and Blanche his sister by the dexteritie iudgement and wisedome of Captal of Buch then prisoner to the French for the factions of Nauar. The Q. of Nauar being at Eureux in the yeare 1366. An. 1366. she was deliuered of a son called Peter he had the title of Earle of Mortaing after her vp-rising she returned into Nauarre carrying her eldest son Charles who was but foure yeares old with her and that which was newly borne These kings of Nauar and Arragon Arragon being thus busied and irresolute in their desseines durst not inuade one another and in the meane time he of Castile pursued the war with al violence in the country of Valence and there took Orihuela where was slaine D. Alphonso Perez of Guzman Lord of S. Lucar son to D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman and grand-child to D. Alphonso Perez of Guzman the good To him succeeded him brother D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman The Arragonois also for their part tooke Moruiedro for want of victuals D. Gomes of Porras Prior of S. Iohn the Gouernor yeelded it vpon condition that he and his should be safely sent into Castile yet the Earle D. Henry who was at this seege preuailed so by his honest perswasions and promises as the Prior was content to stay with him who by that means retained about 600. men laying before them the fury of D. Pedro K. of Castile who excused nothing and punished as well those which had behaued themselues valiantly in the yeelding of such places as those which had shewed themselues base and cowards These were the last exploits of war betwixt Arragon and Castile At that time there was brought into Spain the body of the Cardinal of S. Clement somtimes Archb. of Toledo Castille Legat à latere in Italy who died at Viterbo hauing gouerned the affairs of the Romane sea to the great content of Pope Vrbon the 5. who did wonderfully grieue for him and made all the shewes of mourning which Popes are accustomed to do at the death of their faithfull friends This Prelate during his legation prepared the Popes accesse into the citty of Rome Returne of the Popes Court tâ— Rome and was the means to bring the papall seate thither againe for hee supprest many tyrants in Italy and brought them to the obedience of the Roman sea so as Gregory the 11. successor to Vrban came to Rome in the yeare 1366. This Cardinal had ordained by his testament that his body should be buried in the city of Toledo if it might be suffered by the K. D. Pedro then raigning or his successor the which was executed and his bones which lay in the towne of Assisi in the monastery of S. Francis were carried by land to Toledo many offering to carry the Beere wheron this dead carcas lay in hope to get pardon of their sins for that the Pope had granted vnto them that shold employ themselues in this seruice the like indulgences as are giuen vnto them that do visit the churches of S. Peter and S. Paul at Rome in the yeare of Iubile The time approched when as the King Don Pedro should be punished for his excesse and serue as a witnes to the world Expedition of D. Henry of Castile against his brother D. Pedro and his victorie that the feare of subiects gotten by the cruelty of Princes is a bad gard for their maiesty and a weak assurance of their Crowns The death of Q. Blanche of Bourbon whom the king D. Pedro had poisoned after that he had intreated her a long time most barbarously ministred the occasion of his ruine for being for this cause odious to all the French D. Henry Earle of Transtamara who was vigilant to embrace all things that might serue him to reuenge the death of his mother and brethren of so many iniuries which hee had receiued of this wretched king found fauour and helpe in France And it fell out very fitly that the wars being ended in France as well against the English and King of Nauarre as betwixt the Earles of Montfort and Blois contending for the succession of Brittanie this Realme was
Nauarre and Arragon began then to make many practises with the Kings of Portugal and England to dispossesse the King D. Henry of his new conquest in the which Carmona in Andalusia Zamore and Ciudad Roderigo in Castile with a good part of Galicia refused to obey him al the rest acknowledging him for King For Toledo as soone as D. Pedros death was knowne yeelded Seuile opened her gates the castle of Montiel was deliuered him where and in other places hee foūd great store of treasure iewels silks tapstries other rich mouables of the deceased king The townes of Logrogno Victoria Saluatierra of Alua and St. Cruz of Campeço were yeelded to the king of Nauar he of Arragon had seized on Molina Cagnet Requegna hauing corrupted Garcia of Vera and Aluar Ruis of Espejo captaines of these places D. Henry sought to make some accord with thē of Carmona demanding fridēship and offring a truce to the King of Granado Truce offred by the King D. Henry and refused by him the which the King of Castile had neuer done but he could nto effect it Mahumet the Old King of Granado answered that hee would be a friend to the King D. Pedro dead as hee had beene in his life time wherefore the King leauing good order vpon that frontier and appointing D. Gonçalo Mexia maister of the knights of Saint Iames Gouernor thereof with other Noblemen and Captaines he parted from Seuile to come to Toledo Then he caused a certaine coine to bee made called croysez of the value of a marauedis and an other kinde called rials Money currant in Castile of the value of foure marauidis Euery marauidis in those times being worth ten of the lesser at this daie The first that began to quarrel with him for the succession of the realme Portugal was D. Fernand King of Portugal who pretended to be lawful heire as Grandchild to D. Beatrix of Castile daughter to D. Sancho the Braue he was animated in this ambition by the Inhabitants of Zamore and Ciudad Roderigo frontier townes of Portugal Zamore and Ciudad Roderigo contrary to the King D. Henry who would not acknowledge D. Henry but called in D. Fernand to raigne ouer them as it seemed all the country of Galicia had the like intent the towne of Corunna commonly called the Groine hauing voluntarily subiected it selfe to the king of Portugal To preuent which inconueniences the king D. Henry marched with a great army towards Zamore to beseege it but finding it strong and wel manned he past on into Galicia D. Fernand finding himselfe inferior both in number of men in valour and in experience of warre vnto D. Henry would not attend him but imbarked and returned into his country by sea leauing a good garrison in the Groine 〈…〉 The King D. Henry accompanied by Bertrand of Guesclin entred into Portugal betwixt the riuers of Duero and Minio where he tooke Braga and Bragança and ouerrun al that country in view of the enemies who durst not present themselues in battaile and had done worse if he had not beene called backe by the newes which he receiued of the Moores attempts and of the taking of Algezire by the King of Granado who hauing intelligence with the King of Portugal had beseeged taken and razed this place euen vnto the ground in hattred of the great losses which the Moores his predecessors and their confederats had receiued by reason thereof Moores take Algezire At that time there raigned at Fez in Affrike and in Algarue or the plaines of Affrike a prince of the race of the Merins called Abayfer Abdelaziz to whom the Kings of Arragon and Granado hauing conspired against D. Henry sent their Ambassadors An. 1370. in the yeere 1370. to treat a peace and league with him the which they did for fiue yeeres and in the mean time the King of Granado ceased no to annoy the contry of Andalusia and to doe all the spoile he could giuing it out that it was in fauor and aide of D. Pedros children who were in Carmona well manned and fortefied The King D. Henry went to field against this Moore Castille who in passing attempted Ciudad Roderigo but he could not take it Being come to Medina del Campo where the Estates were assembled he was assisted with great summes of money wherewith hee contented strangers which had serued him and withal hee receiued for the ransome of D. Iames of Majorca who had beene taken in the castle of Burgos 70000. ducats paied by Queene Ieanne of Naples his wife They hold that Bertrand of Guesclin and others receiued there aboue sixe score thousand doublons besides the townes and places which hee gaue them as to Guesclin the townes of Soria Almaçan Ariença Montague and Seron and moreouer the Siegneury of Molina which the King of Arragon held that hee might breed a iarre betwixt them There Bertrand of Guesclin tooke his leaue and returned into France where he was made Constable and managed the warre against the English The King D. Henry being come into Andalusia hee was to arme himselfe against the Moores against them of Carmona against the gallies of Portugal who did trouble that coast stoping the mouth to the riuer of Guadalquibir so as the towne of Seuile was much anoied The King was nothing well prouided of gallies ships of warre yet he gaue such order as in a short time he had a good army made ready in Biscay and Guipuscoa whereby the sea was assured the Generall of this armie was called Pero Gonçales of Aguero During these actions D. Tello the Kings brother beeing reconciled and left by him in Galicia to make head against the Portugals died and was buried at Saint Francis of Palencia the Siegneuries of Biscay and Lara held by him were afterwards giuen by the King vnto his sonne D. Iohn who being come vnto the crowne did incorporat them vnto it for euer In the yeere 1371. An. 1371. Carmona was straightly beseeged and after many assaults yeelded by D. Martin Lopes of Cordoua maister of Calatraua vpon certaine conditions During the seege there was so furious a sally made as they came vnto the Kings tent Carmone yeelded to the King D Henry where he was in great danger wherewith being incensed and at many other bad offices of this maister he caused him to be slaine afterwards at Seuile passion surmounting the religion of othes and promises There was great store of the deceased D. Pedros treasure found by the King And at the time of this seege D. Pedro Fernandes of Velasco great Chamberlaine to the King tooke Zamora and in Galicia many rebels were subdued by D. Pedro Manriques gouernor general of Castile and D. Pedro Ruis Sarmiento gouernor of Galicia 2 This good successe made the King of Portugal yeeld to the will of God Portugal who shewed plainely that D. Henry must raigne wherefore these Princes made a peace at Alcantin treating a
with his Standard and so escaped by swimming as the Lord of Oloagui had also done who came vnto the king their Lord and related the entertaynment they had found at Logrogno whereat he did not maruaile as hauing fore-seene though too late what would succeed notwithstanding he was much discontented for he had lost many good men By this attempt the peace betwixt Castile and Nauarre was plainely broken The king Don Henry being at Seuile VVar beâ—wixt Castile and Nauarre was aduertised of all that had past and dispatched his sonne Don Iohn a Prince in the flower of his age desirous of honour and fame who raysed an armie to enter suddenly into Nauarre King Charles beeing aduertised of these preparations hauing consulted with his Estates he passed to Bourdeaux to craue ayde of the English The King of Nauar â—ath recourse vnto the English who had then some suspension of armes with the French Richard the 2. being newly come to the Crowne the which fell out happily for him who returned with 600. lances English and Gascons vnder the command of Thomas Treâ—et an Englishman and the Seigneur of Berbecin a Gascon to employ them in the war against Castile An. 1378. the which was very violent that yeare 1378. The king of Nauar had placed garrisons in all the fronter townes the English at Tudele with their Captain the Gascons at Estella the Segneur of Seres a Nauarrois at S. Vincent he put other good Captaines into Viane Arcos Lerin Sanguessa and other places the charges of which war were so great as hee wasted all his treasure so as his sonne Charles coming to raigne he found not one ducat in his fathers coffers Thomas Treuet the English Captaine was slaine in the towne of Puente la Reyna by the inhabitants by reason of some insolencies D. Iohn Infant of Castile hauing drawne together about 4000. lances and a number of foot out of Biscay and Guipuscoa entred in arms into Nauar being accompanied by D. Alphonso of Arragon Marquis of Villena and earle of Denia D. Aâ—phonso of Vruegna D. Pedro Earle of Transtamara Princes of the bloud of Castile D. Ruy Diaz of Rojas Gouernor of Guipuscoa with other Noblemen and Captaines of note They made a shew to beseege Saint Vincent but the place being strong both by nature and art Expâ—oites of Dâ— Ioâ—n and the Castillan aâ—my in Nauar and well manned they returned to make a muster at Logrogno where as Don Pedro Henriques ioyned with them and then all together entred into Nauar where they found not any one in field to make resistance for king Charles was retired on this side the mountaines and attended the successe of the warre at Saint Iohn de Pie de port standing onely vpon his defence wherefore the Castillans burnt Larraga Artaxona with many other places euen vnto the ports of Pampelona before which cittie the Castillan armie stayed a whole moneth D. Iohn beeing lodged in the village of Gorraiz during which abode the castle of Thiebes was yeelded vnto Don Pedro Manriques who burnt it It was a castle built by king Thibaud the first as in a place of strength and great safetie they had kept the titles and records of the Realme all which were now burnt to the great preiudice of the Common-wealth Records of Nauarre burnt at Thebâ—s Wherefore is no wonder if many of the antiquities of this Realme be at this day vnknowne Those which yeelded this fort were a knight called Berrio Ruy Diaz of Torres and Solomon Prouoch Captaines to King Charles The Castillans finding that they had not forces sufficient to take Pampelona they dislodged and beseeged Viane which place they tooke by composition after many incounters vpon condition the defendants should haue their liues and goods saued Guarde was also taken Thus the Castillans hauing done all the spoyle they could in the countrie Don Iohn resolued to retire with his armie into Castile before that winter which approched should incommodate him In a certaine incounter which they had with the Gascons Ruy Diaz of Royas was slaine which was the greatest losse the Castillans had in this expedition Don Iohn went to the King Don Henry his father beeing at Toledo to whom hee gaue an accompt of that which he had done and then they came together to Burgos where there was order giuen for a new army to returne into Nauarre in the Spring We find by some remembrances of those times that the king of Nauar complained much of many knights which had not shewed themselues faithfull in this war yea hauing bin called home by him from banishment graced and restored to their honours and charges among the which is named Don Ramir Sanches of Asiayn and Don Iohn Ramir of Areillan the younger these with some more retired themselues one after another to the king of Castile where they found a kind and gracious reception in stead of the harshnesse and rigour of King Charles so as in those dayes the Nobility of Nauarre was much decayed and in a maner extinct King Charles beeing on this side the mountaines his Realme was gouerned by Iohn of Presnay a knight of France and his Chamberlaine who aduertised him of this new preparation of warre which was made in Castile whereon hauing duly considered finding himselfe weake and without money and ill serued by his owne subiects he resolued to pacifie the king Don Henry sending an Ambassadour vnto him to Burgos to mooue him to some accord the which he did not refuse but answered that if he sent him his Ambassadors and Deputies with sufficient authoritie to treate a peace that he should not find him vntractable to yeeld to any thing that should bee held reasonable Wherefore the king of Nauarre did againe employ D. Ramir Sanches of Asiayn and sent him to Burgos with the Prior of Ronceuaux men of learning and authority These Ambassadours were heard by the king Don Henry and entertayned with great courtesie where hauing discoursed and somewhat debated vppon the articles of the peace in the end it was concluded That there should bee a perpetuall amitie sworne betwixt the kings and Realmes of Castile and Nauarre without binding him of Castile to alienate himselfe in any sort from the league which he had with the French King Peace betwixt Castile and Nauarre That the strangers Gascons and English should be sent out of Nauarre That the townes taken by the King of Castile from him of Nauarre should bee restored That the king of Castile should presently lend twenty thousand ducats vnto the King of Nauarre to pay the souldiers which were to bee dismissed for assurance whereof the King Don Henry should keepe the towne of Guarde in pawne That the king of Nauarre for assurance of the entertainement of these Articles of peace and that he should not breake it in any sort should leaue twentie seuerall places of his Realme of Nauarre in pawne in the custodie and conseruance of Don Iohn Ramires of the
towne of Areillan namely the Castle of Estella the garrison whereof should be paied by the King of Nauarre and that Tudelo should receiue a garrison of Castillans that Larraga Miranda and Saint Vincent should bee of the number of those twenty places the which should bee thus held for tenne yeeres and that expired without any breach all should be restored to the King of Nauarre or his successor These Articles being concluded and sworne the warre ceased to the general good of both Kingdomes During the warre betwixt these two Princes there grew troubles in the Church to the scandale of all Christendome Schisme in the Church Pope Gregory the eleuenth had restored the papall seate to Rome in the yeere 1376. seuenty two yeeres after it had beene distracted by Pope Clement the fifth who had beene crowned at Lions About two yeeres and foure monthes after this returne Gregory dying at Rome hee left the consistory of Cardinals in great combustion as well among themselues as with the people of Rome who would haue a Romaine or at the least an Italian chosen Pope whereof there followed a most dangerous Schisme for all the Estates of Christendome for many yeeres were transported with passion and not with any zeale of religion for euen then and before there was such corruption as in the gouernment of Clergy matters there was nothing but ambition couetousnesse and deseignes for temporall commodities Princes cheâ—ishing Popes and Popes being hirelings to Princes to draw fauour authority and support one from an other in their affections After much contention Vrbain the sixth came out of the Conclaue chosen by sixteene Cardinals being before Archbishop of Bari brone at Naples his name was Bartlemew Prignan whose election hauing beene much contradicted by the French Cardinals then allowed and soone after reiected in the end fifteene of them not able to agree well with the Pope being retired to Naples through fauor of Queene Ieanne they entred into the Conclaue and did choose an other Pope whom they named Clement the seuenth called before Robert Cardinal of Geneua or as some write of Cambray of the title of the twelue Apostles who retired to Auignon and there held his seat as Vrbain did at Rome As Princes in acknowledging of these Popes Castile were diuided and carried away with their priuat passions Vrbain the sixth seeing that his competitor was supported by the French King sent Ambassadors to D. Henry King of Castile to seeke his fauor who finding him at Cordoua deliuered vnto him the reasons iustifying the election of Vrbain and condemning that of Clement intreating him to beleeue that Vrbaine was the true and lawfull Pastor a friend to peace and desirous of the good of all Christendome To these words they added a present of three peeces of fine scarlet one for the King an other for the Queene and the third for the Infant D. Iohn giuing presents also in the Popes name vnto many noblemen of the court promising the King not to conferre the benefices of Spaine to any other prelats then to such as were borne in the country In the end they intreat him to disclaime the Antipope Clement The King D. Henry hauing conferred with his councel Doctors Diuines and other chiefe men of his Realme vpon the pretensions of Vrbain hee made answere vnto the Ambassadors that he would let them vnderstand his minde at Toledo whether he was then going where being arriued there came Ambassadors from the French Kidg who being heard before he had made answere to them of Pope Vrbain they crost all for hauing giuen the King of Castile to vnderstand that the election of Vrbain was forced by the importunity of the Romains and the partiality of the Cardinals and that Clement had beene chosen with the better title as they pretended Castile acknowledgeth no Pope King Henry resolued not to acknowledge any of them for Pope sending Doctors into France to informe themselues of the matter and to report vnto him what they should finde being wonderfully perplexed in minde not knowing how he should gouerne himselfe with a good conscience in this Schisme but he was somewhat pacefied vpon the determination which should be made by a General councel Profits of the court of Rome staied in Spaine and in the meane time he commaunded that all the money due for Annates or other proffits belonging or accustomed to be receiued by the Apostolike sea of Rome in Spaine should be laied in Deposito vntill it were declared by the Catholike church who was lawfull Pope with this answere the Ambassadors of either part returned The like resolution was taken in Arragon touching this Schisme From Tolledo the King of Castile came to Burgos where a peace with Nauarre was concluded as we haue said after which the King of Nauarre came to Alfaro to visit the Infant D. Iohn of Castile and there he accomplished some part of the capitulation The King of Castile being come from Burgos to Saint Dominike of Calçada he was also visited by Charles King of Nauarre with great shewes of loue of either side and there they finished that which remained of their accord the which was very preiudicial for the King of Nauarre reaping the fruits of his turbulent spirit as he had done in France The King D. Henry neuer parted from Saint Dominike for he was poisoned by the treachery of Mahumet the old King of Granado This Moore seeing that the King of Castile was at peace with all other Kings his neighbours and knowing him to be warlike and a great vndertaker hee was in feare least he should inuade his country of Granado wherefore he sent a captaine to his court saying that he was banished This Moore seeming to flie his Princes wrath came and presented his seruice vnto the King D. Henry and offred him in guift many pearles and precious stones with other goodly presents Dâ—ath of the King D. Henry by poison amongst the which there was a paire of rich buskins infected with poison the which were so pleasing vnto the King as he would presently put them on but soone after he beganne to finde himselfe ill and within few daies died He commanded his sonne to entertaine the amity of France whilest he liued and to follow the French in that which concerned the Schisme of the church He was interred in the same chappell which he himselfe had caused to be built it the great church of Toledo the which since hath been augmented with reuenues by the Archbishop D. Alphonso of Fonseca in the time of our fathers and they cal it the chappel of the last Kings It is worthy obseruation that this King hauing alienated from the crowne many townes and other places to recompence the seruices which he had receiued from Noblemen and Knights of Castile and others in the conquest of the Realme he put a clause in his will which did afterwards breed many complaints and controuersies in Castile which was that such donations made
warre done by him and for that he did no lesse loue learning then armes Eight and twenty daies before the death of the King Don Fernand dyed Donna Leonora Queene of Nauar his Aunt hauing beene married to King Charles her husband foureteene yeares she was buried in the Cathedrall church at Pampelona There was great mourning and heauinesse in Castile at the newes of King Fernands death Castille whose obsequies Queene Katherine caused to be celebrated with a pompe worthy of such a Prince and afterwards by the aduice of the Nobility shee tooke vppon her the sole gouernement of the realme and the tutelage of King Iohn her sonne whome shee gaue in guard to Don Iohn of Velasco D. Diego of Estuniga and to D. Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo whereat the Constable D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos D. Pedro Manrique and D. Alphonso Henriques grew very iealous whereupon there grew quarrels and troubles after the accustomed manner during the minoritie of Kings The Queene and the Councell did prolong the truce with the King of Granado for two yeares In yere 1417. Truce with Granado sending Lewis Gonçal of Luna 1417. Secretary of the Kings chamber to Granado to that end By this treatie the king of Granado set an hundred prisoners at libertie whose ransomes would haue mounted to a great summe of money D. Iohn Rodrigue of Castagneda Lord of Fouente Duegna and D. Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga sonne to Diego Lopes being in quarrell and demanding the combate the Queene would not grant it them in Castile but commanded them to retire into Granado Combats sheld not be allowed among Christians where as king Ioseph would giue them the field These Knights were put into the field by the Moorish king but he presently forbad them to fight declaring that they were both good Knights and reconciling them together he sent them home honored with Iewels and rich presents This hee did at the intreaty of the Queene-mother of Castile who had writ earnestly vnto him shewing therin to haue a mild and Christian-like heart For these combats are proofes of mad men which should not be suffered in the place of iustice seeing thereby all controuersies how great soeuer may be compounded and ended The Emperour Sigismond grieuing for the death of the king of Arragon Pope Benedict condemned by the Councell after that he had laboured in vaine to reconcile the kings of France and England who were continually in warre he passed to Constance whereas the Councell in the two and thirtith Session delcared Benedict to be periured contumacious a rebell Schismaticke and Hereticke depriuing him of his papacie which he had held almost two and thirty yeares yet he played the Pope still in Pegniscola but the Princes of Christendome in generall yeelded to the Councell notwithstanding Benedicts exclamations that seeing it was called without his authoritie Councel condemned by Pope Benedict it was not lawfull The Cardinals which were at Constance being two and twenty with thirty Electors deputed by the Councell did chuse Othon Colonne a Romane Cardinall of the title of Saint George in Velabro and named him Martin the fifth Benedict although he were abandoned by the Princes yet he continued still in his purpose keeping some Prelates vnder his obedience among which were the Cardinals Tholousa Rasan S. Angelo S. Eustace S. George and Montarragon the Archb. of Tarragone and the Bishops of Barcelona Vic Elne Girone Huesca and Tarrassone with many Abbots and other Clergimen who held him for true and lawfull Pope This yeare Iohn of Betancourt a knight of France by gift from Queene Catherine conquered the Ilands of the Canaries Conquest of the Canaries by Iohn of Betancourt and intitled himselfe King He could not take the great Canarie for all the Inhabitants of the Iland had retired themselues thither wherefore finding too great resistance he retired himselfe hauing built a fort in that of Lancerot from whence he did trafficke and drew profit form the neighbor places of lether tallow slaues and other such commodities he being dead one Menault succeeded him in whose time Pope Martin instituted an Episcopall sea in those Ilands to the which there was a certaine Monke called Friar Mendo aduanced but this king Menault hauing no great regard when there was question of profit to the soules health of the Ilanders he sold them indifferently as well the Pagans as those which had receiued Baptisme whereof the new Bishop did complaine to Queene Katherine Menault the 2 King of the Canariâ—s sels the Ilands to them of Seuile requiring her to free them of that Lord whereupon she sent Peter Barna de Campos with three ships of warre with whom Menault hauing long contended in the end by the Queenes sufferance he sold these Ilands to a Knight of Seuile called Fernando Peres in whose hands and his successors of Seuile they haue remained vnto the time of the king D. Fernand the 5. and of the Queen D. Izabella D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga Iustice maior of Castile hauing long serued King Henry the 3. Family of Estuniga comes out of Nauarre and Iohn now raigning dyed this yeare His house came out of Nauarre and was of the bloud royall as some Authors haue left in writing The yeare 1418. Queene Catherine dyed suddenly An. 1418. being fifty yeares old she was buried at Toledo in the chappell of the last kings By her death King Iohn was freed from tutors and there was a Councell established with the which he should gouerne his Realmes whose letters and expeditions should be signed on the back-side by two of his Councellors This yeare there came ambassadors to him from France to demand ayde against the English to whom they gaue hope of an army at Sea The king of Portugal did also send to confirm a perpetuall peace betwixt Castile and Portugall but there was nothing concluded at that time The English proclaimed warre against Castile whereupon the truce with Granado was prolonged for two yeares King Iohn beeing at Medina del campo was betrothed to D. Maria of Arragon his cousin daughter to the deceased king D. Fernand then hee held a Parlament when for his new accord of marriage they granted him a great subuention The same yeare mention is made of the death of Friar Vincent Ferrier of Valencia afterwards canonized a Saint by Pope Calixtus who was also of Valencia Hee that most gouerned the king at that time entring into his maioritie was Don Sancho of Rojas Arch-bishop of Toledo whereat they did murmure from which time the Estate of Castile was very turbulent The Guipuscoans and Biscayens fell to theeuing at sea without any subiect of warre euen vppon the coast of Brittany whereof D. Iohn then liuing complayned much by his ambassadours to the King of Castile who desirous to liue in peace with Christian Princes sent Fernando Peres of Ayala Gouernour of Guipuscoa to bee an arbitrator Hee with another chosen by the Duke of
other side the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre entred into Castile with two thousand fiue hundred men at armes and some few foote whose entry the constable could not stop with whom Don Henry ioyned with two hundred and twenty horse againt the promises made They ranne neere vnto Cogollado and beeing come to Xadraque the Constable following them they presented him battails the which he would not accept for Peter Cardinal of Foix sonne to Archambaud and Mary Queene of Arragon sister to the King of Castile came by great iourneies out of Arragon and put themselues betwixtthem making an entrance to an accord which was that the two Kings should returne into their realmes and that the constable and other noblemen of the King of Castiles army should intreat him to restore vnto the King of Nauarre and to the Infant D. Henry their lands for as soone as the army of Arragon and Nauarre had entred into Castile the King did caused all that the house ofArragon did hold in Castile to bee seized on By this meanes the armies parted and the two brethren Kings came to Huerta and Haria in Arragon and the Infant D. Henry to Ocagne but the indignation of D. Iohn King of Castile was so greta as he did not regard that which had beene capitulated but sent to all his subiects that they should hold the Arragonois and Nauarrois for enemies and make vioent warre against them and comming himselfe in person to the campe at Piquera hee resolued to goe and charge his enemies in their fort at Hariza Queene mary and the Cardinall Foix returned againe to the King of Castile propounding many meanes of peace but all in vaine wherevpon they returned very much discontented D. Frederic of Castile Earle of Arjone was aprehended in the army vpon suspition that he fauored the Arragonois war being proclaimed throughout al Castile the inhabitants of the country of Biscay Guipuscoa Alaua and Rioja entred sodainely into Nauarre where they committed infinit spoiles Thus an innocent Realme suffred for a nocent King whom they had earnestly intreated to entertaine peace with Castile The King of Castiles army being strong and ready to enter into Arragon hee sent word to D. Alphonso King of Arragon that he would spare his country if hee would forsake the king of Nauarre the which he refused wherevpon the constable of Castile beeing followed by fiue hundred horse marcht to Monreal tooke it spoiled Cetiua and finding no resistance Army of the King of Castile returned to the army which consisted of 7000. men at armes 3600. genets or light horse and 60000. foot with the which King Iohn entred into Arragon where he tooke and burnt the towne of Hariza but hee attempted not the castle which was very strong this was all the exploit was done with that mighty army for the two brethren Kings on t presenting themselues to battaile and victuals fayling for so great an army he was forced to retire into Castile towards Medina Celi from whence he sent for the gard of the frontier D. Pedro of Velasco his Lord Chamberlain with 600. launces to lie with them in Alfaro Calaorra or Logrogno against whom the King of Nauarre did fortefie Tudele Viana and La Garde In the meane time D. Henry and D. Pedro brethren to the kings ouerran the country of Estremadura hauing to incounter them Don Roderigo Alonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent who finding himselfe weake had the Constable sent to him with sufficient forces The king being returned to Pegnafiel wrought so as the captaine of the castle yeelded it vnto him fearing to be put in the ranke of rebells and traitors to their Prince The king of Arragon slept not but imploying his forces his enemy being farre of hee tooke in Castile Exploits of the King of Arragon in the country of Soria Deca and the castles of Ciria Boronia and Bozmediano carrying away an infinite number of prisoners aboue forty thousand charges of corne and great store of cattle and other spoiles The king of Castile was much mooued with these newes and gaue all the lands which the king of Nauarre his soone D. Charles the Queene Donna Blanche and the Infant D. Henry held in Castile to D. Henry his sonne Prince of the Asturia's and he sent D. Pedro of Velasco to make most violent warres in Nauarre and being resolued to enter himselfe in person the next yeere with a great army he called the Estates to Burgos to haue money demaunding a hundred millions of Marauidis to entertaine it sixe monthes and for that their was some difficulty to draw together so great a summe he borrowed of rich men and of churches all their plate and siluer vessel and sent it to bee coined at Seuile During the assembly at Burgos there came Ambassadors from the kings of Nauarre and Arragon which were Peter of Peralta the Abbot of Ronceuaux Doctor Iohn of Lezana D. Iohn of Luna and Berenguel of Bardaxi to treat of a peace to whom answere was made that the king of Castile would send Ambassadors expresly to giue them a conuenient answere and to them of Nauarre shewing particularly in the name of Queene Blanch and of her sonne D. Charles that they had not done any thing for the which they should seize their rents and pensions yea the Queenes dowry who had neuer consented to these quarrels the like answere was made The Ambassadors of Castile were D. Sancho of Rojas Bishop of Astorga Pero Lope of Ayala Marshall of the kings body and D. Fernando Gonçales of Auila of the Kings councell Who being come into Nauarre made great complaints of D. Iohn King of Nauarre accusing him of great faults wherein they did also comprehend the Queene saying that she was a confederate in the warre seeing that she had sold her iewels to furnish her husband with money and made other demonstrations of an enemy From Nauarre they past into Arragon where they gaue as little hope of peace wherefore King D. Alphonso sent Ambassadors to Rome to Pope Martin to complaine of the King of Castile who refused all honest meanes of an accord The Constable being come into Extremadura he made the Infants D. Henry and D. Pedro retire towards Albuquerque vpon the frontier of Portugal whether they sent great store of cattle hoping they should serue to victual them for the which the King of Portugal was glad to excuse himselfe to the King of Castile who complained The Constable tooke Trugillo and hauing seized also of the castle by the meanes of one of the captaines of the garrison he deliuered it into the Kings hands hee attempted Montanches and hauing taken D. Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent with him he came and camped before Albuquerque an impregnable for t but hee desired to draw the Infants to fight Knight to Knight but they would not vouchsafe to accept it wherefore he retired his army towards Pierrebonne from whence hauing aduertsed the King of the Estate of his affaires
Nauarre by Scalado being two leagues from Logrogno the castle held out and cost many good mens liues on either side and beeing fortefied with new succors sent from the King of Nauarre they made furious and bloudy sallies vpon their enemies who held the towne but in the end they were so prest by the Bishop and the Earle of Ledesma as they did capitulate to yeeld if by a day prefixt they were not releeued by the King their Lord during the which there should be a cessation of armes and if there came any succors the beseeged should bee bound to aduertise the Bishop that hee might doe as hee pleased This accord being made the captaine of the place beseeged made a mine vnder ground by the which he drew into the castle a great number of souldiars which the King of Nauarre had sent him vpon the aduertisment of the capitulation The time beeing ready to expire the captaine aduertised the Bishop that the succors were arriued and at that instant he opened the mine in the midest of the place from whence issued great numbers of souldiars of Nauarre who beganne to charge the Castillans which caused a great confusion amongst them and did much trouble the Bishop yet beeing madde with this treachery they put themselues in defence and repulst the Nauarrois into the castle ditch hauing lost many good men of either side This hauing not succeeded so happely as the Nauarrois expected their victuals fayling them by little and little they abandoned the fort So La Garde both towne and castle remained in the King of Castiles power The Queene D. Leonora mother to the Princes of Arragon sorrowful for so many ruines being old and wholy giuen to deuotion lyuing at Medina del Campo Garde taken by the Castillans in her Monastery of St. Iohn de las Duegnas was not exempt from the discommodities of this war for the King of Castile suspecting that she fauored her children caused her to be shut vp in Santa Clara of Tordisillas Lâ—onora Queene of Arragon restrâ—ined by the King of Castile and put garrisons in her houses of Montalban Vruegna and Tyedra and would haue done as much at Castro Xeris and Saldagne but the Earle found meanes to exempt himselfe and yet the King was not very well pleased with him The court being in Astudillo there came an Ambassador from Iohn Earle of Foix father to Gaston who afterwards married Leonara the heire of Nauarre who bâ—sought the King of Castile that he would bee pleased that the Earle his master might imploy himselfe to make a peace betwixt him and the Kings of Nauar and Arragon to whom the King of Castile answered that he did thanke the Earle of Foix for his good will but there was no meanes of a peace On the other side the Earle of Armaignac an enemy to the King of Nauarre and the Earle of Foix hauing giuen all the hindrance hee could towards Gascony that no succors should passe out of France to the King of Nauarre for the which he had beene at great charge hee sent to intreat the King of Castile to reâ—bourse him to whom were paied ten thousand florins of gold This yeere D. Pedro of Velasco Generall vpon the frontier of Nauarre was created Earle of Haro The King being at Burgos had newes that the Infant D. Pedro ouerrunnning the country about Zamora had taken the castle of Alua de Lista and passing afterwards to Osma which was the Rendezvous for the army of Castile there came vnto him a Franciscan friar confessor to Donna Blanch Queene of Nauarre whom they called Archbishop of Tyre Peter of Perault chiefe Steward to the King of Nauarre and Ramir Deane of Tudelo councellor to the King Ambassadors for the King of Nauarre and for him of Arragon D. Dominike Bishop of Lerida D. Raymond of Perillos and William of Vigue Knights sent to treat and conclude a peace at what price soeuer The difficulties were ver great and they were forced to send backe some of the Ambassadors to the two brethren Kings and in the meane time the army marched but the reasons and propositions of the Ambassadors were in the end admitted and a truce was accorded at Majano for fiue yeeres both by sea and land betwixt the King of Castile and D. Henry his sonne Prince of Asturia's Truce betwixt the King of 〈◊〉 and the King of Arragon and Nauarre on the one part and D. Alphonso King of Arragon D. Iohn King of Nauarre D. Blanch his wife and D. Charles Prince of Viana their sonne on the other part into which truce there entred for the King of Castile the Earle of Armaignac and for the two Kings brethren the Earle of Foix. It was also agreed that D. Godfrey of Nauarre Earle of Cortes brother in law to King Iohn who had followed the party of Castile should not be troubled nor molested in the perception of his goods nor otherwise This Knight staied long in Castile and did the King good seruice in his warres against the Moores the like assurance was graunted in regard of the Infants D. Henry and D. Pedro and to iudge of the differences during the truce there were seuen persons named for Nauarre and Arragon and seuen for Castile whose seat should be at Tarassone and Agreda alernatiuely Thus ended the warre betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon to the great preiudice of the King of Nauarre for he was dispossest of all the lands he had in Castile and moreouer of the towne of Garde in Nauar. During these treaties D. Frederic Duke of Arjone died a prisoner at Pegnafiel whose Dutchy and Estates were giuen to D. Frederic of Arragon Death of the Duke of Arioâ—e Earle of Luna There were also restored vnto Queen Leonora her houses castles and she was set liberty and freed from the Monastery of Santa Clara of Tordesillas at the intreaty of the King of Portugal to whom the King of Castile sent the proceedings against her foure sonnes the King and Infants of Arragon and their offences to the end that she might see what reason he had to confiscate their lands The same yeere King Iohn of Castile was sollicited to make a league of friendship with the English but he excused himselfe touching the league beeing loath to doe any thing to the preiudice of the King and Realme of France an ancient friend and confederate to the crowne of Castile sending backe the Ambassadors with a discreet and friendly answere and soone after hauing sent D. Sancho of Rojas Bishop of Astorgo to the King of England hee concluded a truce betwixt Spaine and England for one yeere At the same time beeing sought vnto by the King of Granado to continue peace and friendship betwixt them the said Moorish King offring him all the force of Granado to serue him at his will he gaue him thankes for the offer and by an Ambassador which hee sent expresly to Granado to conclude some truce he descouered the Estate
should vndertake This Moore was so well followed in a short time by a good number of Knights of his sect which hated King Mahumet as hauing surprized Montefrio he made it his residence and storehouse for the warre the which he did mannage with wisdome valour and iudgement and beeing aided and fauored by Don Lewis of Gâ—â—man maister of Calarraua D. Diego of Riuera and other Noblemen and Christian captaines within few daies hee tooke the townes of Cambil Alicum Illora Ronda Isnajar Archidena Caçarobonella Setenil Turon Hardales Castellar and Loxa all which yeelded willingly except the castle of Loxa which held for king Mahumet into the which the Algazil Ioseph Aben Saâ—rax had put a good garrison Defeat of king Mahumet and the taking of Granado by Ioseph Aben-Almao but soone after he beeing dead it was yeelded to Ioseph Aben Almao through the fauour of a route the which hee gaue to Mahumets troupes which victorie was of such consequence as the cittie of Granado opened her gates so as King Mahumet beeing out of hope to bee able to resist going out of Alhambra with that which was most deere and precious hee led with him the two sonnes of Mahumet the little who had beene vanquished and slaine by him with a Sister to Captaine Coxo his Neece and so fled to Malaga By this euent Ioseph Aben Almao remained King of Granado in the beginning of the yeare 1432. 1432. Mahumet hauing raigned since his returne three yeares and it was in the 815. yeare of the Arabians raigne Ioseph Aben Almao the sixteenth King of Granado THis new King Ioseph beeing receiued of the whole realme without contradiction the Crowne of Granado returned by him into the family of Mahumet Aben Alhamar or the Vermeil who presently made himselfe vassall to the King of Castile by whose fauour hee had gotten the realme promising a certaine tribute of money and other things whereof there were letters past sealed with his seale of Gold He did aduertise King Iohn of the successe of this warre and did attribute all the happinesse thereof to God and him informing him more-ouer of the siege which hee went to lay before Malaga wherein the King did assist him as he had done before commanding D. Diego of Ribera Gouernor of that fronter to furnish him with men victualls and all sorts of aide in that enterprise Whilest these things were acting there came a Geneâ—ois to Court an Ambassador from Muley Aben Ferriz King of Tunes who had charge to intreate King Iohn to spare King Mahumet Aben Azer and to finde some expedient for peace but finding the realme already possest by Ioseph hee complained in the name of the King of Tunes his maister of the misfortune of Mahumet his Kinsman to whom the King of Castile answered pertinently saying that he had made warre against him for good and iust reasons for that hee had beene dayly informed that hee had secret Intelligence with the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon his enemies This Ambassador staied some dayes in the Court of Castile Mahumet Aben Azer recouers the realme of Granado being then at Vailledolit The raigne of Ioseph Aben Almao lasted not aboue sixe moneths for being old and broken hee dyed that same yeare 1432. whereby Mahumet Aben Azâ—r came to raigne againe the third time who being aduertised of the death of his Competitor tooke all fit courses to make the Granadins obey him againe wherein the King of Castile did not oppose himselfe it may be mooued at the request of the King of Tunes by his Ambassador who returned well satisfied into Affrick being accompanied by Lope Alphonso of Lorca sent by the King of Castile that hee might take with the King of Tunes some friendly expedient for peace betwixt Castile and Granado and in the meane time there was a short truce granted to Mahumet who made a Knight called Audilbar who had beene faithfull vnto him his Alguazil Maior in the place of the deceased Ioseph Aben Sarrax The warre of Granado being ended after this manner there fell out new occasions of trouble in the Court of Castile by the Kings credulitie Castile who willingly gaue eare to reports giuing him to vnderstanding that the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon had secret intelligences with D. Pedro Fernandes of Velasco Troubles in Castile by false reports Earle of Haro Guttiere Gomes of Toledo Bishop of Palence and his Nephew D. Fernando Aluares of Toledo with other great men of Castile wherevpon he staied some imprisoned others and many seeking to escape were brought back to Court being then at Zamorra and others escaped so as it was full of amazement and tumult Of the number of the prisoners were the aboue-named D. Fernando Aluares of Toledo Bishop of Palenza and the Earle of Haro who had the Court giuen him for prison putting in caution The Bishop was committed to the castle of Muzientes and D. Fernando his Nephew to that of Vruegna D. Ferdinand of Velasco the Earles brother fled away and being come into his brothers country hee assured himselfe of the towne and places of strength there Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoça Lord of Hita and Buitrago hearing what had beene done in Court and how his friends and kinsmen were persecuted hee fortified himselfe in Hita There was no matter found to charge and conuict these Noblemen so as they were deliuered one after an other but the Bishop and his Nephew were the last of all Don Iohn of Soto Maior Maister of Alcantara remained who beeing in disgrace with the King and afterwards reconciled yet hee fell againe into dislike so as Don Henry Infant of Portugal was enforced to imploy himselfe to restore him to grace The King gaue charge to Doctor Franc to end all differences with him who conferring with Diego of Manjarres Treasurer of Alcantara they ended all matters so as the Maister had reason to bee contented but hee shewed himselfe so indiscreet as hee reiected all that they had concluded and notwithstanding that the Doctor sought to satisfie him in all his demands yet he was so transported with his passions as contemning the King and all them that treated in his name he called D. Henry and D. Pedro Infant of Arragon remaining at Albuquerque to deliuer them Alcantara and the forts which depended The Maister going from Alcantara to Valencia before he had gone two leagues he had a conceit that hee should not be safe in that towne wherefore he returned to Albuquerque to the Infant D. Henry And for that he feared to be surprized in the towne he desired to lodge in the castle whether also Doctor Franc was led prisoner Wherevpon it was giuen out that the Infant Don Henry kept the Maister of Alcantara prisoner in the castle of Albuquerque wherewith Guttiere of Soto Maior great Commander of Alcantara nephew to the Maister being much discontented he staied the Infant Don Pedro prisoner at Alcantara the whole people consenting therevnto Don Frederic Admirall of Castile
Hercules Whilest that these things past in Spaine in the yeare 1436. Nauarre 1436. the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre were deepely ingaged in the warre of Naples whither the Dutchesse Izabell of Lorraine wife to Rene of Anjou a prisoner was come and with the helpe of Pope Eugenius defended her husbands right couragiously The two breethren kings beeing aduertised of the affaires of Spaine by their friends and seruants they resolued to send a ioynt ambassage to the king of Castile to treat a peace with him vppon some good conditions The ambassadors found the Court at Toledo where hauing deliuered their charge vnto the king it pleased God that after many conferences and debates a peace was concluded vpon a promise of marriage betwixt D. Blanche Infanta of Nauarre and Don Henry of Castile Prince of the Asturia's with these conditions That the solemnization of this marriage should bee accomplished within the limite of a certaine time betwixt Henry heire of the Realmes of Castile and Donna Blanche eldest daughter to D. Iohn king of Nauarre Conditions of peace betwixt Castile Nauar and Arâ—agon to whom should be assigned the Marquisat of Villena the townes of Medina del campo Olmedo Coca Roa and Aranda the reuenues of which lands D. Iohn King of Nauarre should receiue the foure next following yeares That if there were no children borne of this marriage the king of Nauarre should haue ten thousand florins of gold of yearely rent assigned vpon the reuenues of Castile That to D. Blanche Queene of Nauarre and to her sonne D. Charles should in like manner be giuen an assignation of ten thousand florens of gold yearely during their liues That all knights should be pardoned which during the warres and fore-passed quarrels had followed either partie and they restored to their goods and dignities except on the part of Castile D. Iohn of Soto-major who had beene Master of Alcantara and the Earle of Castro Xeris and on the behalfe of Nauar D. Godfrey of Nauar Earle of Cortes Item that to the Infant D. Henry brother to the kings of Arragon and Nauar should be assigned 5000. florens of gold of yearely hereditarie rent and to the Infanta D. Catherina his wife should be giuen 50000. florens of gold in ready mony for her dowrie These articles beeing accorded a peace was proclaimed in the Realmes of Castile Arragon and Nauar and D. Pedro of Acugna son to Lopes Basques of Acugna Lord of Buendia was sent to Azagna with sufficient authority to make the first promise in the name of Prince Henry and it was concluded the sollemne betrothing should be at Alfaro whether came at the time assigned the Prince D. Henry accompanied by D. Aluaro de Luna constable of Castile and many other Noblemen Knights and Prelates who arriuing two dayes before the Infanta being aduertised that she was at Corella he went to meete her with all his traine The Queen of Nauarre mother to the Infanta Prince Charles her brother the Bishop of Pampelone with many other Prelates Peter of Peralta Lord Steward of the kings house Leon of Garro and other knights many Ladies and Gentlewomen of Nauarre attended her all in equipage worthy of such a solemnitie the which was celebrated in Alfaro in the yeare 1437. D. Pedro of Castile Bishop of Osma stipulating and receiuing the promises either of them being but 12. yeares old The Prince D. Henry gaue many goodly and rich Iewels to the Infanta and vsed the like bountie to the Ladies and Knights of her traine Then hauing spent foure dayes at Alfaro in great feasting and ioy the parties separated themselues euery one retiring into his country By this peace there was also restored vnto the king of Nauar the town castle of la Garde and the castles of Asaturuguen and Burandon and towards Guipuscoa there were yeelded the castles and places of Gorriti Cobono Toro Araciel and Saragana which the Guipuscoans had taken during the wars Moreouer the towne of Briones was yeelded to the king of Nauar touching the Seigneurie and the reuenue but the Soueraignty remayned to the king of Castile This peace was promised and sworne vpon a penalty of 300000. florens of gold payable by him that should breake it and it was confirmed by the chiefe officers of either realme both clergy and secular and by the deputies of the chiefe townes For Nauar there signed D. Martin of Peralta bishop of Pampelona the archb of Tyre the Queens confessor the Prior of S. Iohn the Deane of Tudele clergy-men D. Lewis of Beaumont Tristan Lord of Luçe Peter of Peralta Lord Steward Philip Marshall of Nauar Vicont of Ro with other knights moreouer the deputies of the cities of Pampelona Estella and Tudela and of the towns of Sanguesse Olite Arcos Biane S. Vincent and others For Castile besides the great officers of court there did sweare all the Noblemen of the fronter of Guipuscoa Rioja and others yea they of the families of Lazcano Berastequi and Amezqueta and these accords were written by Bartholomew of Renes Secretarie to D. Iohn King of Nauar and of Queen Blanche his wife and by Alphonso Peres of Biuera high Treasurer and Secretary to the king of Castile This ioy was crost according to the custom of humane things with great griefe in the court of Castile Imprisonment of D. Pedro Manrique the king hauing caused D. Pedro Manrique Gouernour of Leon to bee committed to prison where at euery man did shew himselfe discontented so as the king caused 2000. lances to come for his gard which remayned continually about the court He sent the prisoner to the castle of Fuente Duegna commanding that hee should haue the liberty of the prison that somtimes they should suffer him to go on hunting which liberty was procured by the Admirall of Castile who was discontented for his detention This yeare which was 1438. there were brought vnto the King stones 1438. which they said Stones fallen from heauen very light were fallen from heauen in great abondance at Maderuelo a house belonging to the Constable very light the which although they were reasonably big yet were they so light as they did not hurt any one they fell vpon a strange thing and which was held prodigious The Articles of the peace being brought into Italy were allowed and confirmed by King Don Alphonso in the presence of Doctor Ferdinand Lopes of Burgos one of the Kings Councell The warre of Granado was managed with variable successe Granado many Knights among the Moores disliking the gouernment of King Mahumet reuolted taking the party of Castile of the which one Aben Amar was Captaine who soone after went with his men to the King of Tunes with leaue from the King of Castile hauing receiued both pay and presents from him and moreouer 6000. pounds starling for the charge of their voyage Don â—nigo Lopes of Mendoça Gouernor of the Fronter Lord of Hyta and Buyttago who was afterwards
hundred horse and foure hundred foot who by their continuall courses held the country for many leagues round about in continuall alarme killing burning and carrying away all they incountred whereof there came daily complaints vnto the king of Castiles eares wherefore there were some troupes of horse sent to restraine their courses vntill there might bee a sufficient armie raised to beseege the place and the better to attend his warre the King reconciled certaine pettie quarrels which the Prince his sonne did cause and he granted libertie to the Admirall and Earle of Benauent for their persons restoring them to their Lands and Estates freely and moreoueer he suffered that Queene Ioane wife to the king of Nauarre should be deliuered into her fathers hands and kept by him vntill that the king of Castile should determine of her deliuerie to the king her husband D. Diego Gomes of Sandoual was also pardoned the King retayning his forts still for two yeares the like pardon was granted to his sonnes and to D. Iohn of Tobar Lord of Berlanga the fort of Berlanga did also remaine two yeares in the kings hands These things beeing thus ordered Siege of Atiensa the king went in person to the siege of Atiença the which was furiously battered and assayled with engins of warre and also with some iron Ordinance for the casting of brasse Ordinance was not then vsed in Spaine so as Roderigâ— of Rebolledo Captaine of the Garrison seeing himselfe thus prest gaue the King of Nauarre to vnderstand that if he were not releeued he could not hold it long wherupon the king of Nauarre who was not in case to rayse the seege sent to propound some meanes of a truce with him of Castile the which was granted vpon condition that the townes of Atiença and Torrijo should be deliuered into the hands of Mary Queene of Arragon for a certaine time limited during the which they should conferre of the meanes to make a good peace betwixt the two kings and if their quarrels could bee determined then the Queene should restore those two places to her brother-in-lawe the king of Nauarre All hostility ceasing by this meanes Choler of the King of Castile the king entred into Atiença whereas mooued by some vnknowne occasion without regard of that which had beene capitulated hee caused some houses to bee sacked and ruined and others to be consumed with fire so as a good part of the towne was burnt whereat the King of Nauarre was much offended and would no more stand to the accord nor deliuer the Castles and places to the Queene of Arragon reproching the King that he had broken his promise and giuing commandement to his souldiers that they should vse all acts of hostilitie and commit what spoiles they could in Castile the which they did and with such excesse as the king of Castile sent backe in the yeare 1446. 1446. Don Charles of Areillan Lord of los Cameros a great and famous Captaine to suppresse the robberies and insolencies of the Nauarrois in Atiença and against them of Torrijo Don Alphonso Carillo of Acugna newly made Arch-bishop of Toledo by the death of Don Guttiere Gomes of Toledo either of them hauing three hundred Lances but they of Torrijo made no great esteeme of the Arch-bishop nor of his followers making roades daily into the countrey and bringing great booties into their forts They of Atiença were held more short and curbed by Charles of Areillan The Arch-bishop hauing beene often beaten by the Nauarrois and lost many of his men the King commaunded Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoça that taking the Arch-bishoppes forces Torriio biseeged with some new that were assigned him he should continue the seege of Torrijo the yeare 1447. beeing well aduanced The seege was long notwithstanding that the towne was battered both with Arâ—illerie and Engines for Iohn de Puelles who defended it was a valiant and couragious Captaine and of great experience yet the continuance did so tyre him as finding daily the want of men victuals and other necessarie munition to endure a seege and beeing out of hope of succours from the king of Nauarre hee resolued to yeeld vp the place vppon very honorable conditions and retired his men and baggage safe into Arragon the towne and castle of Atiença remayning still in the power of the Nauarrois who in despight of Charles of Areillan issued forth and spoiled the country and moreouer they tooke Pegna of Alcaçar a fort in the territory of Soria from whence they did forrage and carry away aboundance of cattaile and other things which they sent to sell in Arragon where they had a safe retreat as in a country belonging to their Princes brother who was then at Naples well aduertised to his great griefe of all the troubles of Castile and the successe thereof doing what hee could to pacefie them both by letters and Ambassage yet fauoring his brother D. Iohn King of Nauarre This yeere 1447. Second marriage of Don Iohn King of Castile the King of Castile was married at Madrigall to D. Isabella daughter to the Infant D. Iohn of Portugal Maister of Saint Iames who was sonne to the King D. Iohn who was maister of Auiz This marriage was the Constables ruine the Queene being his enemy The King of Nauarre being come to the Estates of Arragon which were held at Saragossa at that time there to preside as Gouernor Generall in the absence of the King his brother he was sommoned by Doctor Surban and a Prouost of the Court sent Ambassadours from the King of Castile to deliuer vp Atiença as it had beene concluded which Ambassadours complayned to the Estates that they that spoiled the countrie of Castile had their retreat into Arragon whereunto answer was made that they would send an answer to the King of Castile by expresse Ambassadours and soone after they dispatched Don Iames de Luna Bishop of Tarrassone and Don Iohn of Ixar who found the king at Soria hauing charge to treat of a peace betwixt the two kings The King of Castile appointed them to follow him to Vailledolit whether he was prest to go the which they would not do and so they returned to Sarragossa without any conclusion In the meane time the Captaine who had suffered Pegna of Alcaçar to be surprized beeing ashamed to shew himselfe before the King by reason of his error hee sought to repaire it and surprized the fort of Verdejo in Arragon the which he gaue to the king his master who hauing set good garrisons vppon the fronters of Arragon hee went in great hast to Vailledolit This yeare dyed Pope Eugenius the fourth at Rome Amadeus of Sauoy called Pope Felix who had bin condemned by the Councell of Basill and in his place Amadeus D. of Sauoy was chosen who at that time was Deane of Saint Maurice of the congregation of Saint Augustin the hermitage of Ripaille in the Diocesse of Geneua who carried himselfe as Pope all
peace on that side albeit he was depriued of that which was adiudged him by the sentence of the French King Lewis the eleuenth he did notwithstanding since continually presse the Cattelans and other Rebels by force of armes to the end to reduce them to their former duties and allegeance This truce was sworne vnto by Commissioners on either side namely by Gaston the Earle of Foix in the name of the king Iohn his father-in-law and by Donna Leonora his wife heire to the Crowne of Nauarre who to obtaine the right of succession if we may beleeue the Spanish Authors was not affraid to cause Donna Blanche the Queene of Castile A cruell appetite of 〈◊〉 in the Countesse of Foix her eldest sister to be poysoned who was kept for a time by her and her husband prisoner at the towne of Lescar in the Countrey of Bearne by the consent of King Iohn her father to the end to keepe this poore Princesse from marrying any more As concerning the warres of Cattelogne the estates of that Country did not faint Continuance of the warre of Cattelogne although they were forsaken by the King of Castile nor abated any jotte of their hatred against their Prince but reiecting him as a wicked murtherer of his owne sonne they chose as hath beene alreadie sayd Don Pedro the third Constable of Portugall sonne Don Pedro Duke of Coimbra vnto whom for the same effect they sent Ambassadours to Ceuta where he remayned with the King Don Alphonso of Portugall warring vppon the Affricane Moores whilest they attended his comming the Spaniards sent to their ayde by the king Don Henry not beeing yet departed the warre continued cruelly in the countries of Cattelogne and Arragon with variable successe The Knights of the Order of Montesa taking the Kings part did greatly trouble the towne and countrey of Tortosa and tooke the cittie of Esmereta which the Castillans had wonne in the last warres who had giuen many ouerthrowes to those of Tarrassona and Borja and others which were on K. Iohns side Those of Barcelona being masters of the sea and strong enough by land did obtaine sundrie victories and defeated the Prior of S. Iohns Those of Lerida rebelling againe constrayned the king to besiege their towne wherein commanded as chiefe Pedro de Deça who dared to offer the king battell where they fought so valiantly that albeit the king obtained the victorie yet hee lost more men then the beseeged who made diuers furious sallies vppon the Kings armie leauing still behind them bloudie markes but in the end beeing constrayned by famine they yeelded with condition to haue their liues and goods saued which the king graunted them because he would not appeare ouer rigorous and to the end that hee might bring others to do the like by that example of clemencie Iohn de Lazcano a Knight born in Guipuscoa was left Gouernour of Lerida Don Pedâ—o of Portugal crowned king at â—â—â—câ—lona the army marching against Ceruera to inuest which place Don Alphonso and Don Iohn of Arragon the kings bastard sons were sent before In the meane time D. Pedro of Portugall beeing arriued receiued and crowned King at Barcelona according to the vsuall ceremonies of Arragon hee determined with the forces which he found in Cattelogne those which he had brought from Portugall and with certaine Castillan Knights who of their owne accord remayned in that countrey to succour Ceruera but beeing come to Igualada and vnderstanding by his spies that his forces were not sufficient to raise Kings Iohns army from before that place he returned to Barcelona with great difficultie Afterward to diuert the Earle of Pratas who did furiously batter the towne of Tarraga for King Iohn he brought his army into his countrie where he tooke Pratas and committed diuers spoyles there which king Iohn hauing notice of he caused the Earle to depart from before Tarraga and sent him more souldiers conducted by his sonne Don Fernand with commaundement to meere with Don Pedro whose armie consisted of sixe thousand and fiue hundred men at the most Don Pedro and the Cattelans defeated neere to Calaf beeing Cattelans Portugueses Nauarrois Burgondians and others with these forces he came foorth of Pratas and met with the enemie about Calaf As both the armies were in sight an infinite multitude of storks appeared flying in the ayre which trobled the minds of all men on either side reputing it as prodigious The battayles beeing ioyned D. Pedro was ouer-come and saued himselfe by fauour of the night in Pratas where he had left a sufficient Garrison To this battaile of Calaf came Don Henry of Arragon sonne to the Infant D. Henry and Lady Beatrice Pimentel who was surnamed the fortunate Infant D. Pedro who intituled himselfe King left Pratas and retired himselfe to Manrresa from whence he sent a captaine named Bertrand of Almendrades to the succour of Ceruera and he himselfe entred into the Prouince of Ampurdan where he fortefied his campe with new succours from the towne of Besalu he battred and tooke Tibrana and came to beseege Bisball D. Pedro and the Cattelans againe defeated before Poblin the which hauing beaten to no purpose and spent many great shot hee raised his seege and came to Poblin thither on euery side came King Iohns people in such numbers as D. Pedro was constrained to fight againe where againe he was ouercome and lost a thousand foot men and two hundred and threescore horse As these exploits were performed in Cattalonia the Earle Gaston de Foix who gouerned Nauarre with his wife Donna Leonora called the Princesse of Viana by the aduise of those of his councell resolued to enterprise something vpon Castile in counterchange of the townes of La Garde Arcos and Saint Vincent which the Castillans had withheld since the last warre against the sentence giuen by the French King Hauing then with great dilligence and secrecy assembled great forces he forced easily and without losse of his people Calaorra taken by Gaston de Foix from the Spaniards the City of Calaorra to yeeld wherein he did a thing very pleasing and agreeable to the confederate Knights against King Henry which were within Auila with Prince Don Alphonso whose Ambassador remained in the Court of Nauarre This being done the Earle was aduised to send to the King of Castile to giue him to vnderstand that what he had done was not to breake the peace betweene Castile and Nauarre but onely in manner of reprisall in steed of the aboue mentioned townes which hee withheld belonging to the Kingdome wherevnto he had right and if it might please him to send some one or other to him to agree vpon some good composition according to right and equity he would then submit himselfe therevnto King Henry sent forthwith thither the licenciat Diego Henriques who spake proudly and audaciously to the Earle and the Princesse his wife about the taking of Calaorra They were chiefly ruled by the counsell of Nicholas
Earle with Martin Alphonso de Cabra Lord of the house of Montemajor was sent before to shut in those of the towne with the forces which he had in Baena then their followed him with foure thousand horse and other forces the Maister of Calatraua the Earle of Buendia and other Knights the King with the rest of the forces came after and the Queene with the whole Court came to Baena Those that went first with the Earle of Cabra beeing arriued on a morning neere to Moclin fell vnawares vpon the King of Granadoes army which was come to Moclin consisting of twenty thousand Moores as well horse as foote who neuerthelesse began to flie as soone as they did see the Christians whom they thought to bee farre more in number then they were but hauing better viewed them they returned and charged them so brauely as they disordered and put them to flight diuers were there slaine and taken The Christians defeated at Moclin the Earle escaped being hurt in the hand with a Harquebuze shot his horse hauing receiued foure wounds with a launce his brother D. Gonçall de Cordoua was slaine the Moores following the chase were staied and constrained to turne their backes by the troupes of the Maister of Calatraua and the Earle of Buendia This newes did greatly displease the Kings who altering their determination left Moclin and turned their forces against Cambill and Alhabar very strong places on the confines of Iaen and within three leagues of the city alwaies well kept and defended by the Kings of Granado The Marquis of Cales with the vantgard did approach neere vnto their forts whether the Artillery was brought with great difficulty and the battery made with all dilligence but they yeelded forthwith and the Moores which were within it were sent away free with their goods into Granado the Queene gaue these two forts to the city of Iaen where the King with the Maister of Saint Iames did determine to strengthen Alhama with foure thousand horse and fiue thousand foot which were appointed for the same purpose The Treasorer of Calatraua beeing gouernor of Alhama was sollicited by a Moore of the garrison of Salea to come thither with his forces and hee did assure him that he would finde meanes to cause him to enter into it the Treasorer hauing first of all well examined the Moore and being assured that he ment no deceite went on a night to Salea where the traitors brother did let downe a rope from the walles and helped to erect the scaling ladders by which the Christians mounted who after a dangerous fight made themselues Maisters of the place the Inhabitants whereof were all made slaues Pope Innocent the eight being daylie aduertized of these goodly victories graunted this yeere to the Kings to raise greater subsidies vpon the Clergy the which were moderated by the Cardinall of Spaine to one hundred thousand golden florins of the coine of Arragon About the end of the yeere the Court leauing Andaluzia came to Alcala de Henares Birth of the Infanta Catherine where Queene Isabell was brought in bed of a daughter named Catherin who was wife to Arthur Prince of Wales heire to the crowne of England and afterward married to his brother King Henry the eight of that name In Alcala which was a place belonging to the Archbishop of Toledo the Alcaides and Prouosts of the Court executing their offices were hindered by the Cardinall who was Archbishop of Toledo Contention betwixt the Archâ—â—shop of Toledo and the Queene who made greeuous complaints to the Queene how her Officers did vsurpe vpon his authority the Queene told him that shee being Soueraigne in Castile and in all other her realmes might execute iustice in any place The matter being debated on both sides it was referred to the compromise and iudgment of fiue persons of the counsell whom the Queene would name and to fiue Channons of the Chapter of Toledo for the Cardinall but the other affaires of Court the short staye thereof at Alcala with other hinderances did end this strife the which remained vndecided Then were the Iudges of the Court discharged of part of the Processes which did abound in all places where the King and Queene went the which were turned ouer to the Chancery at Valiodolit where Don Alphonso de Fonseca Archbishop of Saint Iames was made President with eight Doctors for his Councell During all these warres and businesse Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman of whom wee haue often spoken heretofore had remained in Portugall greatly honoured by King Iohn Hee vnderstanding of the Admirall of Castils death his ancient enemy procured his friends to obtaine his pardon of King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell but beeing aduertised that the matter was now harder to bee effected then before by reason that Don Frederick sonne to the deceased Admirall who had begunne the quarrell was made Admirall in his Fathers place and highly fauoured hee desperately resolued to kill him and to effect his purpose hee departed with leaue from the Court of Portugall and came to Braganca Don Frederick Henriques beeing aduertised by his friends what his enemy did intend hee thought like a wise man that it was not good to hold him still in dispaire and therefore hee sent to Mary Osorio Don Ramir Nugnes mother to let her vnderstand that if shee would come to Valiodolit to sue for her sonnes restitution hee would assist her therein prouided that shee would take order that Don Ramir should returne back from Bragança to the Court of Portugall This Lady beeing desirous to haue her sonne restored to his lands and goods did not loose so fit and vnlookt for an occasion but came to the Admirall with whom after long conference she went to the court being at Alcala de Henares where she obtained but not without difficulty the goods of Don Ramir as depositarie and that hee might returne into Spaine vnder the keeping of the Earle of Feria Don Ramir hauing notice heereof Sentenâ—â— of the quaâ—rell betwixt Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman and Frederick Henriques tooke his leaue of the King of Portugall and came to the Earle of Ferias house where hee remained three yeares vntill his businesse were brought to this conclusion that hee might enioy his goods and marry with his promised wife the daughter to the Earle of Luna but that hee might not goe to his owne lands vntill the King and Queene gaue him leaue Afterward hee was permitted to come into his owne houses vpon condition that during his life he should not come ouer the riuer of Duero such was the end of the quarrell caused by the Ladies of the Court betwixt Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman and Don Frederick Henriques Before the Court departed from Alcala de Henares Don Inigo Lopes de Mendoza Earle of Tendilla and Doctor Iohn de Medina both of them of the Kings Councell were sent Ambassadors into Italy about the warre which was betwixt Ferdinand King of Naples and Pope Innocent the which Ambassage they performed so wisely as they made peace betwixt
was named Don Ferdinand who was king of Hongarie and Bohemia and at the last Emperour In Alcala dyed Don Guttiere de Cardegna great Commander of Leon a most faithfull seruant to the Kings who would haue giuen the great Commanderie to Iohn Lopes of Leaçarraga their Treasurer but he refused it saying that he had alreadie too much wealth hee likewise refused the place of generall Superintendent of the Kings reuenues and left behind him the report of a loyall faithfull and iust man in all his affairs he was borne in the towne of Ognate The affaires of Italy not succeeding prosperously for the Kings of Spaine they began to resolue vppon somewhat that might bee hurtfull to the French The great Captaine kept himselfe in Barletta beeing constrayned to retire himselfe thither and wanting all necessarie things so as the French forraged the countrey at their owne pleasure but at the last hauing new supplies as well from Sicill from whence Hugo de Cardona entred into Calabria with certaine companies of Spaniards which had serued the Duke Valentinois when hee warred vppon the Vrsins with intent to haue made himselfe Lord of Romagnia as also from Spaine from whence the King sent Don Manuel de Bonarides with certaine numbers of horse and foote Antonio de Leua his first passage into Italy with which troupes Antonio de Leua did first passe into Italy who was a famous Captaine in the warres of Lombardy and Piedmont betwixt France and Spain and likewise after that other Spanish companies arriued vnder the conduct of Don Pedro Puerto Carrero who dying in Italy hee left his men vnder the commaund of Ferdinand of Andrada who hauing receyued by the gulph of Venice some Germaines which had beene leauied by him hee employed these forces in such sort beeing sometimes diuided and sometimes vnited as hee soone restored all things and suppressed the enemie by the winning of many victories Spayne hauing alwaies after that time the aduantage Yet they had treated an accord betwixt the two Kings Lewis and Ferdinand Prince Philipp in Flanders and had sent Ambassadours to that end but without any effect vntil that the passage and the returne of the Arch-duke Philip Prince of Spayne into Flanders gaue some greater hope of an agreement This Prince passing thorough France in his returne as he had done going was honorably receiued in all places especially at Blois whereas King Lewis attended him who to vse the Arch-duke with greater courtesie and to assure him the more had sent certaine French Noblemen into Flanders for hostages vntill he were arriued the which the Arch-duke caused to returne beeing loath to yeeld vnto the King in demonstrations of friendship and ceremonies Beeing at Blois they treated an accord betwixt the French King and him of Spaine the Arch-duke Philip hauing an ample Commission with this onely restraint that hee should communicate all things to the Ambassadours of Castile which were sent expresly with him and shold gouerne himselfe by their counsell Matters beeing debated Treaty of peace betwixt France and Spaine in the end they were concluded by the confirmation of a future marriage betwixt the Ladie Claude of France the Kings eldest daughter and Don Charles of Austria sonne and heire to great Estates which fell to the house of Austria capitulating that the Lands which were in question in the Realme of Naples should be left in deposito in the Arch-dukes hands and the future spouses should from that time intitle themselues Kings of Naples and Dukes of Calabria That the French king should enioy that portion which did belong vnto him in the sayd Realme and appoint whome he pleased to gouerne it in the names of the Princes Charles and Claude and that the mariage beeing consummated he should giue it in dowrie with his daughter This peace was sollemnely sworne in the Church at Blois but yet it prooued of no effect for notwithstanding that the Arch-duke gaue speedie aduice vnto the Kings Don Fernand and Donna Isabella yet they did not forbeare to make warre in the Realme of Naples whence they had daily intelligence that their great Captaine prospered wherefore hee beeing required by the Duke of Nemours Lieutenant for the French King to stay all acts of hostilitie he answered that hee had no such commaundement from the King Don Fernand his master but continuing to make warre as well in Calabria as in other parts of the Realme the French had alwaies the worst hauing had two Armies defeated in lesse then eight dayes one in Calabria led by the Lord of Aubigny who was then taken with many other Noblemen the other at Cirignole whereas Lewis of Armaignac Duke of Nemours their Generall was slaine with many French By meanes of which victories the great Captaine tooke Naples Capua Auerso and Melfi by composition and in the end the two castles of Naples by mynes and other practises inuented by Peter of Nauarre so as the French had nothing but Gayette and some other small places remayning in the Realme of Naples The kings of Castille being aduertised of these things 1504. they little regarded the accord made by the Archduke their some in law Excuses of the Catholike kings for not maintaining of the peace alledging for excuse that he had exceeded his charge and had not gouerned himselfe by the aduice of the embassadors which went in his companie Yet they sent embassadours into Fraunce to treat a new peace in a more honest forme than before propounding that the realme should be restored to king Frederic But king Lewis holding them but mockeries and that the kings of Spaine had no wills to dispossesse themselues seeing that all things succeeded wishfully for them he sent backe their embassadors without any other answer 30 Before that the Court of Castille parted from Alcala D. Iohn Chacon gouernor of the frontire of Murcia Death of Pope Alexander the sixt died From Alcala the queene came to Madrid and from thence to Segobia where she had news of the death of Pope Alexander by poison which had bin prepared for certaine cardinals by the duke of Valentinois his sonne the which he also drunke through the negligence of the cup-bearer or butler who tooke one bottle for another Cardinall Francisco Thedeschin Picolonimi of Siena succeeded him who was called Pius the third but hauing held the See but six and twentie dayes there was chosen Pope Iulian of Roueâ—e bishop of Alba and then of Ostia cardinall of S. Peter ad Vincula whom they named Iulio the second In these elections of Popes which are made through the fauour of the princes and great monarches of Christendome for the interest of their temporall estates the citie of Rome was in great feare and jelousie that the great captaine would approach with his victorious armie on the one side and on the other the lord of Tremouille being sent into Italie by the French king with great forces and assisted by Florentines Siennois the duke
meanes to liue in peace and vnitie one with another attending the determination of such a Councell and that in the meane time all proceedings against the Protestants should cease yet they saw the Archbishop of Cologne pursued and condemned for that he sought to reforme his Clergie the conference made frustrat by the policie and importunitie of some Monkes the Pope to vse his absolute authoritie and all Germanie to be full of armes their aduersaries picking quarels with the priuâ—tie of the Emperour and Pope so as they were forced to defend themselues the which was falsly tearmed sedition Vpon which discontents there were many embassadours sent vnto the Emperour from the Protestant princes whereof the chiefe were Frederic duke of Saxonie Elector and Philip Landgraue of Hesse who drew after them many princes and barons of great place their friends allies or vassals with the chiefe Imperiall townes Demands of the Protestants all which demaunded peace and assurance that it should not be broken by any decree of the Councell of Trent and a present reformation of the Imperiall Chamber where there were some of their profest enemies To which demaunds the Emperour made dilatorie and ambiguous aunswers to win time to the end hee might draw his forces which came from all parts into one bodie so as they seeing no other remedie began also to arme Ausbourg Vlme and other townes of high Germanie being assisted by the duke of Wirtemberg came first to field and fell vpon the subiects of Ferdinand king of Romans taking Ereberg at the foot of the Alpes comming out of Italie with other places The duke of Saxonie the Landgraue and their confederats raised a mightie armie vpon the marches of Franconia and marcht towards the riuer of Danow passing quietly through the lands of the bishop of Virtzbourg and of other Clergie men The Emperour who prepared his campe with all speed about Landshuot vpon the riuer of Iser proclaimed them as troublers of the publicke peace Protestants preclaimed and guiltie of high treason Being fortified hee came and lodged vpon the riuer of Danow betwixt Ingolstade and Ratisbone hauing receiued tenne thousand foot and fiue hundred light horse from the Pope led by cardinall Farnese Captaines of the Popes armie Legat and Octauio his brother prince of Parma and Plaisance assisted by many worthie captaines whereof the chiefe were Alexander and Paul Vitelli Iohn Baptista and Frederic Sauelli Iulio Vrsino Sforce Paliuicin Alphonso of Este and Ralph Bailloni And they had brought him out of the garrisons of Italie six thousand Spaniards of the old Regiments vnder the commaund of Ferdinand of Toledo Captaines of the Emperors forces duke of Alua Marshall generall of the armie Iohn Baptista Castaldo Philip of Launoy Aluaro Sandis Alphonso Viues and other auncient and approued Captaines In this Imperiall armie the cardinall of Ausbourg had the charge of the victuals There was with the Emperour Maximilian sonne to the king of Romans Emanuel Philibert prince of Piedmont with many princes and noblemen Germanes The Protestants armie aduanced being much stronger than the Emperours they had two generals the Elector Frederic Two generals the ruine of an armie and the Landgraue with equall authoritie which it may be was the ruine of their armie They had with them Iohn Ernest brother to the duke of Saxonie and Iohn Frederic his eldest sonne Philip duke of Brunswic and foure of his sonnes Francis duke of Lunebourg Wolfgang prince of Anhalt Christopher of Heneberg George of Wirtemberg Albert of Mansfield earles William of Furstemberg Recrod and Reffeberg colonels with six companies of Suisses The two armies lay neere together for some dayes and the Protestants offered battell to the Imperials but the Emperour would none assuring himselfe that the enemie could not keepe those great forces long together and that in the end hee which gets the profit of the warre hath the honour besides hee expected Maximilian earle of Bure with foure thousand horse and ten thousand foot of the choice bands of the Netherlands The Landgraue Heads of the Protestants armie disagree who was a resolute souldier and therefore feared more by the Emperour than all the rest that were in the Protestants campe made offer to force the Emperour to fight if they would giue him credit but the Elector would not yeeld to it so as these two commaunders not concurring well together lost many occasions The earle of Bure came to the campe and many of the Emperours faction in Germanie spoyled the Protestants lands whilest they were in the armie yea some Protestants being woon by the Emperour with goodly promises of aduancement and persuading them that the warre was grounded vpon other causes than religion Maurice of Saxonie serues the Emperour Among them was Maurice of Saxonie who desirous to get the Electorship was entred into duke Frederics countrey with forces wherewith king Ferdinand had furnished him out of Bohemia and Hungarie and had by loue or force seised vpon all the townes and places of Turinga Misnia and other prouinces adioyning vnder a colour of charitie saying That it was to preserue the duke Electors countrey and lands the which would haue beene ruined if any other had beene imployed by the Emperour in that conquest yet the Bohemians and Hungarians vsed as great crueltie and violence as if they had made warre against the Turkes The Protestants armie being verie great and not able to draw the Emperour to battell being in some want of victuals but much more of money the which they were forced to beg from the townes and comminalties the confederat princes haning no support from the kings of France and England as they had expected hauing sent embassadours vnto them with full instructions touching that which the Emperour practised by this warre to the preiudice of Germanie and the neighbour Estates The heads being also jealous of their owne houses and lands which they saw inuaded whilest they laboured for the common cause they thought to draw the warre neerer to their owne commodities whereupon they dislodged and marched towards Norling the Emperour still coasting them The townes of Vlme Ausbourg and others holding the Protestants partie seeing the armie retire farre from them hauing done nothing of import they began to think of their estates and the rather for that the Imperiall armie increased daily there being a fresh supplie of six hundred men at armes come from Naples vnder the conduct of Iohn Baptista Spinelli and the confederats being retired they made shew as if they would besiege Vlme one of the richest townes of all Germanie Being troubled with these considerations Protestants league dissolued and terrified when as they vnderstood that the Landgraue had left the duke of Saxonie and was retired home to his house leauing the whole conduct of the warre to him and that the duke marcht towards his owne countrey without any longer delay they sent vnto the Emperour to make their peace Vlme was one of the
Souldiers which came from the armie of Alger liued in Lombardie at discretion and without discretion wherefore to giue the Millanois some ease hee entreated the duke of Sauoy to lodge the Regiment of Barbo in the Marquisate of Salusses but knowing how difficult a thing it is to make the Spaniard leaue his lodging he excused himselfe vpon the ruine and miserie of his estates In the end the king of Spaines Commissaries cast those companies of Italians that were in Alexandria they wrapt vp their colours disarmed them and left them in a manner naked Ten shillings sterling giuing to euerie one but fiue liuers of that Countrie money the King of Spaine hauing no meanes to doe better his Treasure beeing much wasted in the charges of this last sea armie being also to furnish money for the Suisses and Germanes This yeare the Queene of Spaine was brought in bed of her first Childe the which although it were a Daughter Infanta of Spain borne yet were the Spaniard as full of ioy as the French were for their new borne Daulphin saying they had rather their Queene should beginne with a Daughter than with a Sonne least they should fall into those difficulties which jealousie and ambition doe breede when as the Sonne growes vp so soone and solicits his father to be gone when as their ages are in a manner confounded the one being in the flower the other in the season of fruites the which is fittest for gouernement and that the desire to succeede may not trouble the order of Nature which makes the one repent that they are fathers and shewes the other vnworthy to be children This Daughter was borne on Saint Maurice day the second of September and was afterwards Christned Anna Maria Mauricetta There fell out an accident this Summer Outrage done vnto Rochpot embassador in Spaine which had like to haue drawne the two great Monarchs of Christendome into armes The Maiestie of kings is so interessed in the wrong which is done vnto their Embassadours as there is nothing more sensible nor a iuster subiect to quarrell with them that doe the wrong And this pretext is so nice as the Prince which suffers the wrong vnpunished is no lesse culpable than they that doe it This accident did trouble the mindes of many and transported their imaginations beyond the Pyrenees if hee who quencht the last combustions of France had not speedily cast water vpon this new fire which began to kindle A nephew of the earle of Rochepots embassadour in Spaine for the French king bathing himselfe at night with some other Gentlemen after the manner of the French certaine Spaniards looking on them vsed some iesting speeches which were as suddenly answered wherewith the Spaniards being mooued cast the French mens clothes into the water the French attired themselues with all speed and from words they fell to swords in which conflict there were some Spanish Gentlemen slaine and some hurt The kinsmen of the dead made complaint vnto the king of Spaine who commanded his officers to doe justice as the cause required And they not remembring that the name of an embassador is inuiolable euen among enemies forced the doores of his lodging without any respect and drew forth his Nephew and some other Gentlemen to prison The French king being aduertised of this affront was much offended and demanded satisfaction from the king of Spaine else hee should not take him for his friend and withall hee called home his embassadour forbidding all his subiects to traffike into Spaine and Portugall vpon paine of corporall punishment and the losse of goods protesting to bee reuenged if reason were not done him by some mild course whereupon hee went presently towards the fronteers and came to Calais Traffike forbidden into Spaine The iniury done vnto Rochepot the defence of traffike and the kings approach made all men thinke that this goodlie Sunne of peace which began but to spred his beames ouer both realmes would be soone ecclipsed at the least it would bee ouer-cast with clouds from whence would grow many great and ruinous stormes The Archduke tooke an alarme at the kings approach being then at the seege of Ostend wherefore hee sent the Earle of Sora to beseech his Majestie not to suffer his enemies to preuaile against him and presume to find a support in him Archduke iealous of the French king which would be of dangerous consequence for all other people that would shake off the yoake of obedience and an odious example to princes from whome they should receiue a law And for that many thought the king would imbrace this occasion of the seege of Ostend whereby it seemed he should haue good meanes to enter into Artois withour any opposition he sent the duke of Esguillon to assure the archduke that he had no other designe but to maintaine peace with all his neighbours that his comming to Calais French king sends to the Archduke was to view and to prouide for that which should bee necessarie to assure the frontiers against all dangers That he desired peace yet would not endure a wrong And as he did hope the king of Spain would do him reason for the affront done vnto his embassador so he would not seeke any reuenge vntill it were denied him But the Pope fearing that this violence offered to the French embassador would not passe without some reuenge and that it might kindle a warre betwixt these two great kings hee sent into Spaine for the prisoners the which were sent vnto him and hee presently deliuered them into the hands of Mounsieur de Bethunes embassador for the French king at Rome and so the peace was continued I must now make some mention of a wonder or miracle in Spain wherof the Spaniards brag much but I leaue it to the iudicious Reader to beleeue what he please it is a bell in Arragon Bell in Arragon miraculous which they say doth sometimes ring without any mans help and therefore they cal it The miraculous bell Neere vnto the riuer of Ebro whereas in old time was a colony of Romans called Curia Celsa from whence they broght goodly vessels of Alabaster as Titus Liuius and others doe witnesse there is a place the ruines wherof shew that there hath been a great town which is now demanteled and did stretch from Villila vnto a place called Celsa which keeps stil the old name though it bee corrupted Neere Villila there is a little hil on the top whereof there is a little church dedicated to S. Nicholas where among other things there is a square stone of alabaster very ancient on the which there are many personages cut in stone kneeling before a Bell which hangs in a Tower of that steeple But now the Church hath a Tower vnderpropt with three pillers in the which there hangs two bels one a little one which cals the neighbours daily to diuine seruice and the greater is commonly called by them the miraculous Bel
returned him many good words to witnesse the alliance which hee desired to entertaine with the king of Spaine King of Englands answer to the Spanish embassador vpon the like tearmes hee had with him as king of Scotland But aduowing the Scottish troups which were sent to the generall Estates of the vnited Prouinces to be leuied by his commaundement he said they had not deserued any punishment giuing leaue to king Philip to make vse of Scottishmen if he pleased and letting him know that he had not transgrest the lawes of neutralitie And as for their protection he desired he should vnderstand That the great interests which England hath with the vnited Prouinces as well in regard of their townes which they haue ingaged as for the succours which they haue receiued from thence did bind him to assist them and to haue a care of their preseruation and to second the intentions of the deceased queene and to build vpon the foundations which she had laied yet he desired to see them all well reconciled with the king of Spaine The embassador as my Author sayes answered That whosoeuer knew the power of the king of Spaine Spaniards think none so powerful as their own king were not ignorant that he can easily bring the rebelled Prouinces vnder the yoke of his obedience when hee shall please to make an enterprise equall to his power That no man should doubt that hee that had passed the Hellespont will easily passe the riuer of Granique and that a prince which triumphes ouer so many nations so many islands so many seas and so much firme land at the new-found world will not adde the islands of Holland and Zeland to his triumphant chariot the wise will alwaies giue the counsell which Phocion gaue vnto the Athenians either to make themselues the strongest or to be obedient vnto them that were so He then desired leaue to enter into conference with some of his Maiesties Councell and to consult of the meanes of some treatie which would be no lesse profitable and honourable to England than to Spaine the which was granted him After some meetings the lords finding that he had no power to treat they attended other deputies who came the next yeare with an ample Commission as you shall heare There fell out two accidents 1604 which had like to haue troubled the quiet of those two great Monarchs of France and Spaine Imposition exacted by the Spaniard The yeare before king Philip and the Archdukes had imposed thirtie in the hundred vpon all marchandise which came in or went out of the countries that were vnder their obedience the which did seeme directly to infringe the treatie of Veruins The French king commanded his embassadors to deale with those princes touching this imposition and to aduertise him of their resolutions But their aunswers and the force they vsed afterwards to the kings subiects to make them pay the imposition did witnesse sufficiently that they had no will to exempt them Whereupon the French king made a defence That no marchandise should bee carried out of France into Spaine or the Low Countries that were vnder the Archdukes obedience nor any bee brought from thence into France vpon corporall punishment and losse of goods But this did not alter the peace onely there were complaints made by the two kings one of another King Philip began He tooke it ill that the French going volâ—ntarily to serue the Estates did prolong their rebellion and did hinder the reduction of Ostend that the king did succour them with men and money and that hee had forbidden his subiects to traffique into Spaine and Flanders But the king disauowed them that went to serue the Estates If hee sent them money it was sayed he but to pay that which hee had borrowed And the defence of traffique tended to no other end but to force the king of Spaine and the Archduke to take away that intollerable imposition and to let him know that France can liue better without the commodities of Spaine than Spain without those of France The second accident Treason of Lost. or cause of jarre betwixt these two princes grew also from Spaine the French king complaining and justly That the secrets of his cabinet were discouered to his enemies Will the king of Spaine neuer cease said he to withdraw my subiects from their duetie and loyalties Will hee still entertaine some traytor within my realme My embassadour complaines vnto me by his letters that hee is so slowly aduertised of our affaires as the king of Spaines ministers know them before him The king being much troubled to find out the spring from whence this pestilent liquor of Infidelitie did flow behold God discouered the treacherie of Iudas by such meanes as the wisedome of man could not find out Villeroy the chiefe Secretarie of State who managed the greatest secrets of the kingdome had an vnder clerke called Nicholas Lost in whom hee reposed much trust and the rather for that his father had serued him long This young man hauing attended on Monsieur de la Rochepot being embassadour in Spaine there laied the plot of this treason whereof you may read the whole discourse at large in the historie of France There was some likelihood of a new enterprise this yeare vpon Africke Embassadours from the king of Cusco at Valencia The king of Cusco who had promised the last yeare to joyne with the Spaniards against Alger had receiued fortie thousand crownes vpon the bargaine and treacherously betrayed them that brought the money vnto their enemies this yeare hee sent an embassadour vnto the king who gaue him audience at Valencia Which made many thinke that hee would make another attempt vpon Alger for that he caused him to be conducted home by a Master of the campe and an Enginer giuing him great store of munition and fire-workes laden in three fregats The king of Spaine beeing aduertise out of England from his embassadour Taxis of the successe of his embassage Constable of Castille sent into England and of the expectation of a treatie hee appointed the Constable of Castille to vndertake this charge giuing him an ample Commission to treat and conclude a Peace betwixt England and Spaine hee past through France where he was verie honourably receiued and so came into Flanders to the Archdukes from whence he went into England for the conclusion of the peace There were Commissioners appointed on either side For the king of great Britaine were named Commissioners for the treatie of the peace for England the earle of Dorset high Treasurer of England the earle of Nottingham high Admirall of England the earle of Deuonshire Lieutenant of the kingdome of Ireland the earle of Northampton and the lord Vicont Cranborne principall Secretarie and now earle of Salisburie and high Treasurer of England being all of his Majesties priuie Councell For the king of Spaine there were deputed D. Iohn de Velasco Constable of Castille and Leon
king of Castile in his last testament 629 Orders for the gouernment of the realme of Castile ibid. Order for the gouernment of Castile 637 Orders for the giuing of spirituall liuings 641 Officers called in question 659 Order of the golden fleece instituted 696 Outrage committed by a Moore in Seuile vnpunished 776 Opinion of the Biscains concerning Bishops 863 Orders for the quiet of the realme of Nauar. 891 Order touching the gouernment of Castile 881 Oran in Affrike taken miraculously 893 Order of the Nuns called the Conception 900 Orders for the Indies 930 Outrage committed by the Earle of Vregna 948 Oran beseeged by the Turkes and valiantly defended 1077 Occasion of a victory lost by the Christians 1086 Order of the Christians army at Gerbe 1087 Oran beseeged againe and well defended 1112 Obiections against the Prince of Spaine 1130 Order of the Christians and Turkes armies at Lepanto 1168 P PAssion in Amilcar the ruine of his country 35 Parle betwixt Masinissa and Scipio 74 Palantines among the Spaniards 106 Pampelone begun 112 Paliardise the ruine of the Gothes kingdome 157 Palence restored to the king of Nauarre 230 Patricide among the Princes of Cattelonia 254 Papacy disputed by armes 276 Parliament at Toledo for the Moores warre 339 Pampelona in sedition 346. diuided into two factions 405 Parricids committed by Conrade 412 Pablo a Iew conuerted a learned Doctor and of a good life 658 Pampelona made one body 689 Pardon granted to the confederats 731 Parliament at Toledo 880 Pastors being negligent cause persecutions 946 Pampelona beseeged in vaine by king Iohn 910. it is abandoned by the Castillans 962. it is taken by the Lords of Asperaut 965 Passage of king Francis a prisoner into Spaine 974 Pardon for the Moores proclaimed 1145 Perpenna and his confederats murther Sertorious 111. he is punished for his treason 112 Pelagius the first king of the Asturies 168. he flâ—es into the mountaines 169. he stiles himselfe king of Ouiedo 171 Pelagius a religious man cruelly murthered 194 Peace betwixt Nauarre and Castile 289 Peace betwixt Nauarre and Arragon 303 Pero Nugnes a faithful vassal to his king 309 D. Pedro king of Arragon slaine in France 345 D. Pedro of Arragon drawes his brother 401 D. Pedro Sanches of Montagu regent of Nauarre 402. he is murthered 405 Peace betwixt France and Arragon 436 Perpignan taken by the French 427 Peace betwixt Nauarre and Castile 501 D. Pedro king of Castile called the cruel 531. hee leaues his new wife 3. daies after his marriage 534. he marries a second wife the first beeing liuing 536. murthers committed by him 538. he puts his brother to death 546 his diuilish cruelty 548. he spoiles the Venerians at sea 551. hee murthers two other of his brethren 552. hee murthers Queene Blanch his wife 554. his cruelty couetousnesse and treachery 557. his flight out of Castile 567 he discontents the English 571. he is slaine by his base brother D. Hen. 575 Peace broken by the Castillan with Arragon 556 Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal 585 Peace betwixt Castile and Nauarre 594 D. Pedro of Portugal a great traueller 691 D Pedro of Arragon slaine at Naples 714 Pedro Sarmiento deliuers Toledo to Prince H. 739 Peace concluded betwixt Castile Arragon 768 D. Pedro of Portugal chosen king of Arragon 775 he is crowned at Barcelona 786. he is defeated with the Cattelans ibid. he is poisoned 789 Pedro de Velasco made Constable of Castile 834 Pero Gonzales of Mendosa Cardinal of Spaine 835 Perpignan yeelded to the French 847 Peace betwixt France and Castile 870 Peace betwixt Portugal and Castile 875 Pedro of Nauarre made Earle of Albeto 874. hee is chiefe conductor of the warre at Oran 892 Peace betwixt France and Spaine 879 Pegnon de Velez fortified by the Castillans 888 Pedro Arias d' Auila viceroy of the firme land at the Indies 917 Pearles in aboundance at the Indies 918 D. Pedro Giron raiseth new troubles 955 Peru discouered 981 Peace betwixt the Pope and king of Spaine 1080 Peace betwixt France and Spaine 1081 Persecutions in Spaine for religion 1083 Pegnon de Velez how scituated 1112 Pedro Aroio defeated and slaine by the Moores 1144 Pegnon of Fregiliana taken by the great Commander 1148 Peace betwixt the Turke and the Venetians 1172 People of the Terceres brutish 1218 Pedro de Baldes defeated by them of the Terceres ibid. Phenitiens spoile Spaine 8 Philip Archduke of Austria and Ioane his wife driuen into England by a storme 880 Philip Prince of Spaine sworn future king of Spain 1007. he goes into Flanders 1025. his marriage with Mary Queene of England 1039. hee is made king of Naples 1040. he is desirous of a peace with the Pope 1078. hee returnes into Spaine 1083. he sends succors into France 1094 his marriage with his Neece 1156. he sends his gallies to assist the Venetians 1157. his resolution to warre against the Turke 1173. he disswads D. Sebastien from the voiage of Affrike 1198. his troupes march towards Portugal 1208. he enters into Portugal 1217. his bounty in Portugal 1220. he is acknowledged king in Lisbone ibid. he goes out of Portugal 1226 Pyrenee mountaines ful of yron mines 2 Pirenees why so called 14 Piety of Isabel Queene of Portugal 469 Pisans abandon the Island of Sardinia 480 Piety of a sonne ill rewarded by D. Pedro king of Castile 530 Pizarro abandoned by his soldiers at Peru 1031. he defeats his enemies 1032. he is defeated and executed 1033 Pialy Basha hauing taken Gerbe enters Constantinople in triumph 1093 C. Plautius defeated by Viriatus 99 Pleasures corrupt both minde and body 215 Plague in Alphonso de la Cerdes campe 441 Places vpon the frontier of Castile abandoned by bad counsel 736 Places yeelded to the king of Castile 930 Placentia taken from D. Aluaro d' Estuniga 932 Places returne to the obedience of the king of Nauarre 910 Places belonging to the Portugals in Afrike yeeld to king Philip. 1215 Portugal whence it was so called 18 Pouerty assures the peoples liberty 28 Policy of the Romaine and Carthag captaines 43 Pompey deceiues the Numantins 103. he is sent into Spaine against Sertorius 111. his wisdome to end the ciuil war 112. he is made perpetual gouernor in Spaine ibid. he gets the farther Spaine to be at his deuotion 115 Policy of Flaccus Commissary of the victuals 105 Popilius Lenas vnfortunat in the warre of Numantia 104 Pompeys sonne slaine by Caesar. 116 Power of Ballancing that of kings 146 Pope Benedict an heretike 151 Posterity of Mudarra Gonsales 218 Portugal held in fee of the crowne of Leon. 258 Pope ratifies the election of the Emperour Rodolphus 406 Pope and D. Alphonso king of Castile met at Beaucaire 407 Pompe at the creation of the Earl of Barcellos 551 Policy cruell and detestable of Queene Leonora Telles 558 Pope Clement sends a Legat into Castile 631 Portugals slaine at Aliubarota 609 Power of the realme of Granado 644 3. Popes at one time in
defendants to run thither where they did fight with such obstinacie both parties being in battaile betwixt the ruines not as at the entrance of a breach but as in an open champaine animated by two seuerall passions the one hauing hope to vanquish Hope despaire breed like effects at this siege and the other no hope of mercie in their enemies In the end the Carthaginians were forced to retyre and soone after the Romane embassadours arriued in the rode of Saguntum but Hannibal would not heare them but let them vnderstand That a man busied with so many affaires as he was could not spend his time in words and that he saw no great safetie for them if they landed among so many souldiours of diuers barbarous nations Whereupon they passed into Africke and hauing deliuered their charge vnto the Senat of Carthage and demaunded in vaine That Hannibal the author of the warre should be deliuered vnto them after many protestations they returned with bare words For after much contention among the factions in the Councell of Carthage whereas Hannibal had manie kinsmen and friends answere was made vnto the embassadours That the warre had beene begun by the Saguntines and that the Senat and people of Rome should not embrace their quarrell against the Carthaginians with whom they had liued in peace and amitie for so many yeares Whilest the Romans were thus busied to resolue and to send embassadours The simplicitie of the Romans Hannibal pursues his siege and presseth Sagunt by all means possible He builds new engines animates his souldiors and promiseth them the spoile of a rich towne the Saguntines rampar vp their breaches and labour day and night the batterie begins afresh and they haue many assaults giuen and with greater furie than before In the end being tyred with the multitude of assaylants who had fresh supplies continually they could not keepe the Carthaginians from entring by their breaches their walls being newly repaired with earth after their accustomed manner and therefore easie to pierce so as they seized vpon an high place within the precinct of the towne whereas they planted many of their great crosse-bowes and artillerie after their manner and casting a wall about it they made as it were a citadell against the which the Saguntines did presently make a trench diuiding it from the rest of the towne which was not yet taken And as it happened diuers times that the one getting the other must needs retyre the towne was reduced to a small compasse and withall they had great want of victuals and of all other necessaries by reason of the long siege Hannibal was then forced to march into Oretania and Carpetania where there was some likelyhood of a tumult for that those which he had sent to enroll souldiors were retained by them of the countrey by reason of the great rigour which they vsed As his absence from the campe gaue some rest vnto the Saguntines so his comming among those people caused peace and reduced them to obedience In the meane time Maharbal sonne to Himilco who had the charge to continue the siege vsed such diligence as there was no shew of Hannibals absence To conclude hee wrought so well as at his returne he shewed him large breaches sufficient to giue a generall assault which were made on the side of the castle the which the Carthaginians did win The miserable Saguntines being thus prest and out of all hope of succours Friends a farre off are slow to succour which could not come vnto them but from Rome which was farre from them Alco one of their citizens cast himselfe from the rampar and went to Hannibal without the priuitie of the Senat that he might moue him to some reasonable conditions but Hannibal offered them their liues onely and that they should depart the town with one robe only and to go and dwell where they should be appointed whereupon Alco durst no more returne vnto Sagunt beseeching him to giue him leaue to remaine within the campe then there was a Spanish souldior named Alorco who offered himselfe to carrie these conditions vnto the Saguntines and to persuade them to accept thereof But he preuailed as little as the other for being heard in their Senat they were so farre from yeelding in that manner as by a common consent they resolued to bring all their gold siluer and other goods into the market place where they set it on fire and consumed it and there were some so desperat as they cast themselues into the fire to be consumed with their goods In the meane time there was a great noise heard from a tower which fell suddainely hauing beene long battered the which gaue free entrie vnto the enemies a band of souldiors then being entred by that breach they made a signe vnto the campe whereupon Hannibal being vigilant to embrace all occasions Sagunt taken by assault marched thither with the whole bodie of the armie and tooke the towne hauing giuen charge to his souldiors to kill all that had past the age of foureteene yeares a cruell sentence but he held it necessarie seeing hee had to deale with such obstinat enemies who being in fight neuer yeelded but by death and being shut vp within their towne with their wiues and children would rather burne themselues in their houses than yeeld And although that many things were spoyled and consumed by the fire yet the bootie was great Thus Sagunt fell into Hannibals hands eight moneths after the beginning of the siege And during this siege his wife Himilce was deliuered of a sonne called Aspar which doubled his joy Then did the Romanes resolue to proclaime warre against Carthage The Romans resolue to warre against the Carthaginians mooued partly with the vnworthie calamitie of their friends and allies and partly with the feare of their owne estate the which happened 536 yeares after the foundation of Rome Pub. Cornelius Scipio and Titus Sempronius Longus being created Consuls Honnibal was so farre from any remorse to haue drawne these two Commonweales into armes as contrariwise when hee had brought backe his armie to new Carthage and diuided the spoyle among his souldiors Good fortune transports Hannibal to ouer-great enterprises he began to make preparations to march into Italie from whence he meant to chase the Romans and to driue them if it were possible out of the world Hauing therefore disposed of the affaires of that Prouince and well fortified and manned the townes he left the gouernment generall thereof to Asdrubal his brother and taking his way by the Mediterranean shore to Empurias he entred into Gaule and came vnto the Alpes without any opposition of the Gaules He marcheth towards Italy although they were much prest thereunto by the Romans leading an armie which consisted of Numidians Africanes Spaniards some Gaules and other nations the which he entertained and supplied often with the same nations as well with the reuenues of the mynes of Spaine as that which
her father Don Raymond called Flacade Earle of Tholousa was also made Knight in the company of these two Princes In this ceremonie the King of Leon kissed the king of Castilles hand which was a fore-telling of the pretensions and quarrels which should fall out betwixt these two Realmes The court beeing then at Carrion Castile there was an assembly of Noblemen vassals which did acknowledge the Soueraigntie to take the oath of fealtie vnto the King as it was in auncient time obserued almost euery yeare where they were accustomed to treate of matters of consequence concerning the State and the houses of Princes The Councellors of greatest note to D. Alphonso King of Castille in this assembly Assembly of the Estates euery yeare in Spaine were Don Gonçalo Arch-bishop of Toledo Primate of Spaine the Bishops Don Rodrigo of Calaorra Don Maurice of Burgos Don Arderic of Palence and Don Gonçalo of Segobia Don Iohn of Cuença the Earles Don Pedro de Lara Don Nugno de Lara Don Diego Lope de Haro Lord of Biscay chiefe Standard-bearer of the kingdome Don Rodrigo Guttieres Lord Stuard and Guttiere Rodrigues Chancelor The discontents and secret hatred betwixt the Christian Princes Hatred betwixt fiue christian kings raigning then in Spaine which raigned then in Spaine was great beeing fiue carrying the titles of Kings that is three Alphonsos of Castile Arragon and Leon and two Sanchos one of Nauarre and the other of Portugal The King of Castile presumed to haue superiority ouer the other foure as his vassals notwithstanding any accords which had beene made wherefore hee thought hee might lawfully controule them at his pleasure Some yeares before he had taken from the king of Nauarre the lands lying vpon the riuer of Oja and Bureua beeing the auncient patrimonie of Nauarre which came not to them of Castile by any iust title but by meere vsurpation and violence As for him of Arragon he complained that the King of Castile had neuer kept any thing promised in the League swhich had beene made betwixt them but had made his profit in all warres of the Arragonois bloud and meanes The King of Leon began to find the error which he had committed to haue come to the court of Castille beeing at Carrion and to haue kissed the Kings hand As for Portugal there was neuer any good correspondencie betwixt these Princes and them of Castile since the first Earle Don Henriques so as these vlcers hauing infected the hearts of these Potentates by iealousie enuie and bad councell they mooued the kings of Arragon and Nauarre first of all to make an offensiue and defensiue League for the conclusion whereof the two Princes met at Boria where of mortall enemies they became great friends There it was accorded that the frends enemies of any one of these Princes shold be reputed for such by the other and that they should be bound to assist one another for the defence of their Estates For the obseruation of which accord either of them did pawne for his part the townes and castels following for the King of Nauarre the townes of Valtierra Ablitas Montagu Saint Mary of Vxue and Chastillon of Sanguesse with their forts and for Arragon the townes of Boria Sos Malon Ruesta and Petillas For the guard of these ten places there was chosen by a common consent of the two Kings D. Fernand Ruis d' Açâ—gra a knight borne in Nauarre but remained in Arragon and was Gouernor of Daroca and Calatajub He tooke an oath to both these Kings well and faithfully to keepe those places to de liuer all tenne to him in whose preiudice the treatie had beene broken by the other the which was not only sworne by both kings but also by their eldest sonnes Don Sancho of Nauarre and Don Pedro of Arragon And moreouer it was agreed that whensoeuer Don Fernand 〈◊〉 would discharge himselfe of the gard of those places and forts that foure knights of either partie should be named out of the which number the two kings should either of them choose one into whose hands the forts should be deliuered with the hike oath that is the fiue townes of Nauarre to the knight of Arragon and the fiue of Arragon to the Nauarrois These things thus concluded sworne and signed the Kings departed D. Sancho into Nauarre and Don Alphonso Daroca whereas the articles were againe confirmed and sworne in the presence of the chiefe knights of both kingdomes whereof those of Nauarre were D. Pedro Ladron de Gneuara Inigo Ortis Garcia Almorauid Pedro de Cascante Michel de Leet Lope de Valtierra and Barthelemy de Rada all of the most famous families in Nauarre This League beeing made in the yeare 1190. 1190. was followed by another made betwixt the kings of Arragon and Leon A League against castiâ—â— made by Arragon Leon and Portugal into the which Don Sancho king of Portugall was drawn An assembly being made to that end at Huesca thither came the ambassadors of Leon Portugal with ample authority and instructions whereas a League was made among those Princes like vnto that of Boria capitulating that not any one of them should make warre truce or peace without the consent of the others These allyances made and confirmed with all the oaths and solemnities required did not cause so great a storm as they did threaten for the kings of Leon and Portugall were long quiet without going any annoyance to Castile the kings of Arragon and Nauarre made some attempts but to small effect D. Sancho the 2. King of Portugall the first of that name 24 WHen as Don Sancho came to the Crowne of Portugall Portugal Genealogie of Portugal he was 31. years old foure yeares before he had married Donna Aldoncia or Douce daughter to Don Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelone and Regent of Arragon and of Queene Petronilla D. Sancho had by this Ladie Douce nine children whereof there were foure sonnes the eldest was called Don Alphonso and was king after his father hee was borne in his Grandfathers life time the second was D. Fernand who was Earle of Flanders by marrying with the heire of that countrie whose name was Iane daughter to Count Baudwin Emperour of Constantinople the kings third sonne was D. Pedro who was great in Arragon where he married the Earle of Vrgels daughter the fourth sonne dyed young and was called D. Henriques Besides these sonnes he had fiue daughters the eldest whereof was married to Don Alphonso king of Leon the ninth of that name and was called Donna Theresa from whom he was diuorced by reason of consanguinity notwithstanding two daughters and one sonne which they had bad after which diuorce shee liued religiously in Portugal in the Monasterie of Lorban which her father built and indowed with great reuenues for her sake King D. Alphonso who had put her away did afterwards marry Donna Berenguela daughter to the king of Castile who was as neere allyed to him as
honour to haue sought to recouer his Grand-fathers Kingdome beseeching him to haue regard thereof and if he should finde it good to depriue him of his crown the which he could not beleeue hee besought him to giue him and his meanes to passe into Affrike into the Moores country The King D. Pedro made shew to heare these reasons without any passion and assured him that he would reconcile him with his competitor causing his lodging to be made in the Iewes place of the city of Seuile but being displeased with the practises which he had made to his preiudice with the Kings of Arragon and Maroc hee burnt with a desire to be reuenged Being afterwards aduertised that this King Vermeil had brought many iewels and great store of gold from Granado he was so farre transported with a desire to spoile him of this treasure as without any further deliberation he commanded Martin Lopes of Cordoua his chamberlaine to goe and take him prisoner with all those that were with him and to put them into the Ataraçana or Arçenal then seeking an occasion to dispatch him he caused his processe to be made for that he had beene an actor in the death of King Ismael Cruelty coueteousnesse aâ—â— infidelity of 〈◊〉 Pedro King of Castile brother to King Mahumet the old and condemned him to die with seuen and thirty other Knights which were taken with him according to which sentence he caused him to bee drawne out of the Ataraçana and the seuen and thirty knights with him who wee led to the field of Tablada and there executed in a great assembly and concourse of people from all parts This miserable King Mahumet Aben Alhamar being brought vpon an asse clad in a roabe of scarlet was the last which suffred but hee had this consolation that D. Pedro himselfe was his executioner who reproching him with the alliance he had had with the King of Arragon thrust him through with a launce at which blow Mahumet cried out in his owne language Ha Pedro thou hast done a poore exploit and purchased a shameful triumph this day afterwards he made an end of him and cut off his head This was the second yeere of the raigne of this Moore and the 745. of the Arabians King Mahumet Lagus or the old being assured by this death returned to Granado ioyful to be thus freed of his enemy whose head the King D. Pedro sent vnto him The Granadins receiued him without contradiction in the yeere 1362. And he to recompence the King of Castile for he goodly present hee had made him of his Competitors head deliuered all the Knights and Castillans which had beene taken at the incounter of Guadix without any ransome Ezdriz Aben Balua chiefe councellor to King Mahumet Vermeil remained prisoner with the King of Castile with many others whereof some were redeemed for money others were exchanged for other prisoners in after times and some died miserably in prison The truce betwixt Castile and Granado was renued and new homage sworne by Mahumet the Old to the King D. Pedro paying the tribute which had bin paied to the kings his predecessors These things thus ended the king of Castile staied not long to begin war against ArragoÌ„ 14 For the effecting whereof with greater aduantage he sought to ingage the king of Nauar in this war being newly come out of France Nauarre into his owne realme in 1361. much desired and well receiued as one that had beene long absent He rewarded the Noblemen and knights which had serued and succored him in his affaires of France bountifully among the which the most remarkable were D. Roderigo of Vrris who had for his good seruices the gouernment of the iurisdictions of Sanguesse Olite and Tudelo The Baron of Garro was recompenced in an other sort beeing a wandring knight and sought imployment in the warres so as being loath to stay in Nauarre hee returned into France As all things had beene resonablie quiet in Nauarre vntill that time there was an occasion offered to trouble all by the comming of Inigo Lopes of Orozco and Arrias Gonçales of Valez Ambassadors for D. Pedro king of Castille who came in their maisters name Charles King of Nauarre practised by him of Castile to congratulate king Charles his comming to seeke his friendship and a new league and to procure an interview of these two kings King Charles was glad of this Ambassage and as hee had alwaies an intent to haue warre with the French King vnill that hee had restored him the lands which hee pretended to bee his hee did much esteeme the friendship of Castile to make vse thereof at such a neede Hee therefore promised the Ambassadors to come to Soria in Castile and hauing first concluded with the Ambassadors a kind of peace he went thether in the yeere 1362. hauing in his company his brother Lewis Captal of Buche a gret Nobleman of Guienne the Abbot of Fescain and others as well Nauarrois as French The King of Castile came to the place assigned and receiued him with great demonstrations of loue where for the first act they confirmed the Articles of peace conteyning an offensiue and defensiue league against al men After some daies spent in feasts sports and exercises of armes the King of Castile hauing inuited the King of Nauarre to a great banquet he told him that he had some thing to say vnto him wherevpon being retired into a gallery the King of Castile vsed these words in the presence of D. Garcia Aluarez of Toledo maister of Saint Iames Inigo Lopes of Orosco Martinianes of Seuile high treasorer Martin Lopes of Cordoua great Chamberlaine Mathew Fernandes Chancellor of the priuy seale all of his priuy councel and of the chiefe Noblemen and Knights which had accompanied King Charles Brother sayd he seeing we haue made an oth to aide one an other against our enemies I will let you vnderstand that the peace I haue with the King of Arragon was made against my will and to the preiudice of mine honour for Aben Alhamar King of Granado beeing confederate with him spoiled my country of Andalusie which made me yeeld vnto a peace that I might punish this Moore and now that I haue had my reuenge I am not bound to obserue this peace vnlesse the places which I yeelded vp bee restored me againe and the charges of the warre caused by the King of Arragon paied wherefore according to the promise which you haue made me and sworne I summon you to aide me with your forces and person in this warre The King of Nauarre was much amazed at this speech being thus surprized and knew not what to answer for he presumed the King of Castile had not had any enemies when he sware this peace and league In the end he seemed desirous to doe what the King of Castile would haue him but he demaunded time to conferre priuatly with his councellors which attended him Al were of opinion he should obay
father was setled King of Granado Granado he onely among all his predecessors receiued this Scepter peaceably and left it quiet at his death During this reigne which beganne in the yeere 1379. and ended 1392. he had not any warre against Christian Princes for all the time of his reigne the Estate of Castile vnder King Iohn was so troubled with wars with D. Fernand King of Portugal and afterwards with the maister of Auiz and besides with the Duke of Lancaster as the Realme of Granado felt no trouble This Mahumet Guadix was soone in law to the King of Tunis whose daughter named Hadisa of the ancient linage of the Almohages he had married when his father liued by whom he had Ioseph his successor to the Realme and yet he had other wiues and many children by them according to the liberty of the Mahumetists in that point During this calme he fortefied many places in the Realme of Granado especially towards the frontier of Andalusia by the which the Kings of Castile were accustomed to inuade the Moores Hee renued the truce betwixt the two realmes of Granado and Castile with King Iohn in the yeere 1390. the which was sworne and confirmed by the Kings and by their eldest sonnes and successors The name of Guadix was giuen him for the great loue he bare to the towne of Guadix and that country from his Infancy the which he did frequent and beautifie with many things whilest he liued He died in peace in the yeere of our Lord 1392. the thirteenth of his reigne Ioseph the eleuenth King of Granado TO him succeeded this King Ioseph of whom wee haue made mention in the route with he gaue vnto Martin Ianes of Barbuda maister of Alcantara Before there was some likelihood of warre during the raigne of D. Henry the 3. king of Castile but it was soone pacified after an incounter neere vnto Lorca wheras the Mores at the coming of this king Ioseph beginning to flie were defeated with great losse If the father had raigned peaceably as well among his subiects as with Christian Princes his neighbours his son gouerned with great difficulty tumults for besides the quarels he had with the Christians which succeeded reasonably well he was pursued by his owne sonne and in danger to loose both Crowne and life Sonne persecutes the father to raigne This bad soone called Mahumet as his Grandfather was thrust on with ambition to raign ioyned with a Nobleman among the Mores called Aben Mohaya who had long hated King Ioseph These two together did what they could to put him from his royall seate dispersing among the Mores all the slanders they could inuent against him but chiefly they did charge him with the vice of clemencie which he had vsed to many Christian captiues hauing set them free without ransome an vndoubted argument sayd they that he was a Christian in heart There were great combustions throughout all Granado by meanes of this peruerse sonne and his confederats the which were pacified by the mediation of an Ambassadour from the king of Maroc of the linage of the Merins who was then at Granado for his Princes affaires who wrought in such sort as the sonne and all that followed him yeelded obedience vnto the king to the good of the Realme which for a time enioyed a desired peace for by reason of the troubles many Christians had imbraced these quarrels of the Moores ioyning with either partie but all tending to the ruine of their estate Besides this Mahumet son to king Ioseph who made warre against him Histories make mention of three others that is Ioseph the eldest who raigned but not immediatly after his father Cidi-Ali and Cidi-Amed After this pacification and the defeate of the Master of Alcantara aboue-mentioned king Ioseph was more respected among his subiects and gouerned his Realme in peace the remaynder of his dayes without any opposition He kept friendship with the Princes of Spaine his neighbours and with the Kings of Affricke as much as he could yet he grew into secret hatred with the king of Fez whereof no man knowes the occasion neither did he discouer it vntill he felt the poison which this trecherous king sent him for among many rich presents there was a cassocke of cloth of gold of great price but infected with this mortall poyson which did not worke sodenly but by degrees an art much practised among those damned creatures to free themselues of their enemies Ioseph king of Granado poysoned or to make States and Principalities voyd as their ambitious appetites did driue them King Ioseph hauing no cause as he thought to suspect any such treason from a king of his sect whome hee had not offended receiued the presents but hauing one day put on the cassocke he felt himselfe presently poysoned without remedie the which was of such force as hauing depriued him of all his naturall faculties VVonderfull force of poyson his flesh fell away by peece-meale with great horhor to them that were about him and amazement of the Phisitions which had him in cure to whome the true cause of his infirmitie nor the remedies wee euer knowne Thus this king died miserably hauing raigned about foure yeares in Granado in the yeare of our Lord 1396. and of the Arabians 779. Mahumet the 9. of that name and 12. king of Granado MAHVMET his sonne surnamed Aben-Balua who had so much desired to raigne in his fathers life-time vsurped the Realme from his elder brother Ioseph who yeelding to the time supported it as well as he could beeing countenanced by some Noblemen that were friends to his deceased father and him The first entrance of this king Mahumet was pleasing vnto the Moores by the cruelty he suffered to be done to two Friars brethren who mooued with an inconsiderate zeale would goe and preach in Granado Beeing forbidden by the king to preach their doctrine to a people ill prepared to receiue it they persisting in their resolution the Alfaguis and Doctors of the Alcaron fell vpon and hauing whipt them they slue them most cruelly so as these two poore Friars were held holy Martyrs whereof some of their bones were gthered together and carried to Seuile and Cordoua to them of their Order all men perswading themselues that they wrought miracles This king thinking himselfe setled in his estate he confirmed the truce with Christian Princes especially with D. Henry king of Castile who freed him of the tribute which the kings of Granado were wont to pay to the Kings of Castile The King Don Henry shewed himselfe tractable D. Henry of Castile called the siekly by reason of the indisposition of his person who beeing the rest of his daies ill disposed purchased the surname of Sickly and made him to desire peace with his neighbours and to hate warre The friendship and familiaritte of these two Princes was very great and continued long visiting one another by ambassages and sending presents striuing who should be
would bee the end of the troubles of Arragon which increased daily they sent the horsemen of Castile to fauour the friends of the Archbishop of Saragosla that was slaine by the which the lands of D. Anthony de Luna were spoiled And at that time friar Vincent Ferrier that great preacher made a voiage to the court of Castile who made some sermons before the Queene mother and some Noblemen by whose aduice there was an Order made that all Iewes dwelling in Castile should carry for a marke and distinction to bee knowne a peece of red cloth vpon their cloakes and the Moores greene hattes with white moones The affaires of Arragon growing tedious the King was carried backe to Vailledolit The truce of Portugall being expired it was treated by Ambassadours to make a perpetuall peace the which was not then concluded The arbitrators appointed to iudge to whom the Realme of Arragon did belong Arragon hauing beene many daies in conference in the castle of Caspe in the end they did all agree to adiudge it to the Infant D. Fernand of Castile whereof hee had notice giuen him in Iune in the yeere 1412. beeing at Cuenca wherefore hauing made his election knowne vnto King Iohn his Nephew and to the Queene his mother and giuen great thankes for the fauour he had receiued in that respect by the forces and meanes of Castile he prepared himselfe to goe and take possession of his Realme And first of all hee declared for Tutors and Gouernors of the Realme in his place D. Iohn of Illesca Bishop of Siguença D. Pablo bishop of Carthagena D. Henry Manuel Earle of Montalegre and Pero Alfan of Ribera Gouernor of Andalusia with whom hee ioyned other men of State and learning This and other things beeing ordred hee went into Arragon where he found great resistance especially of Don Iames Earle of Vrgel who pretended to reigne him he sought by all friendly meanes to draw vnto his seruice but in vaine for the Earle being obstinate he drew the English into Spaine notwithstanding whose aide he yeelded D. Fernand the first of that name the sixteenth King of Arragon DOn Fernand the first of that name raigned in Arragon Genealogie of Arragon Cattelogne Valencia Sicile Majorca Minorca c. By the consent of all the Estates and for his good parts was surnamed the honest whose posterity was famous Before hee came to the crowne of Arragon he had by his wife the Countesse of Albuquerque Don Alphonso who was heire of the Realmes and was in his fathers life-time called Prince of Girone in steed of the title of Duke vsurped vntill that time by the eldest sonnes of Arragon He had also by her the Infant Don Iohn who was King of Nauarre and afterwards of Arragon and Sicile by the decease of his elder brother Moreouer hee had Don Henry maister of Saint Iames Don Sancho maister of the Alcantara and the Infant Don Pedro who died in the warres of Naples beeing slaine with a great shot all these fiue Princes were borne in Castile The daughters which issued from this marriage were Donna Maria Queene of Castile married to King Iohn the second her cousin germaine and Donna Leonora who was Queene of Portugal wife to Don Edward D. Fernand was two and thirty yeeres old when hee beganne to reigne in Arragon beeing Lord of great possessions in Castile whereof he gaue the Dutchy of Pegnafiel and the Signeury of Lara to Don Iohn his second sonne all which Inheritance both by father and mother in Castile his children enjoyed for a time but beeing turbulent and not able to entertaine themselues with the Kings of Castile they lost all In the yeere 1413. the King Don Fernand hauing beseeged the Earle of Vrgel Vrgel in the towne of Balaquer for that hee did still raise new troubles hee prest him in such sort as his wife was perswaded to goe forth and casting her selfe at the Kings feete to demaund her husbands life The King vsing his accustomed clemency pardoned him his life but the Earle comming forth and hauing kist the Kings hands hee was shut vp in the same castle There were many Knights of Castile which serued the King in this warre and amongst other forces there were sent vnto him by Donna Catherine Queene of Castile foure hundred launces with promise to furnish him with foure thousand if he had need but the Earles yeelding freed him of that necessity Hee seized vpon Lerida and other places and in a short time made all within the Realme to bow and therefore hee sent away his souldiars of Castile well satisfied Don Godfrey of Nauarre Earle of Cortes and Marshall of Nauarre the Kings base sonne was at this warre with some men at armes The new King did afterwards cause the Earle of Vrgel to bee araigned and condemned him to perpetuall prison depriuing him of his dignity and goods and then he sent him prisoner to Vruegna a sort in Castile from whence he was afterwards transported to Mora. The Countesse his mother was also condemned to loose her goods and some men of base condition were put to death These things being done the King came to Saragossa Coronation of the King D. Fernand at Saragossa where he was crowned by the Archbishop of Tarragone in the presence of many Noblemen of Arragon Valencia Sicile Cattelogâ—e Castile and Nauar at the which there were great and stately triumphes To serue at this ceremony the Queene of Castile his sister in law had sent him a crowne of gold weighing fifteene markes inricht with many stones of great value He was armed Knight by the Duke of Gandia and then annointed and crowned in the great church of Saragossa after which act he was very bountiful to the Noblemen and Knights that assisted at his coronation From Nauarre came the Marshall D. Godfrey Peter Martin of Peralta with many others Going from Saragossa he came to Morella where he should meete with Pope Benedict who after his deposing had retired himselfe into Arragon yet retayning still his dignity Pope Benedict in Arragon as much as he might There they had an enterview whereas Pope Benedict went in a sollemne procession in his pontificall habit with a white Miter on his head set with stones of great price to whom the King did all the honour hee could deuise Before his departure from thence there came Ambassadours from the Emperour Sigismond who perswaded the King of Arragon to fauour the councell which was then called at Constance for the rooting out of the schisme To treat whereof there was an enterview concluded betwixt the two Princes at Nice and the King was intreated to perswade Benedict Councel of Constance willingly to renounce his dignity of Pope An. 1414. The councell began the fifth day of Nouember in the yeere 1414. and continued aboue three yeeres There were Ambassadors sent from Castile by the aduice of King Fernand D. Diego of Anaya Maldonado Archbishop of Seuile and D.
Brittanie caused all disorders to bee reformed and restitution to be made The Councell of King Iohn was then reduced to fifteene Prelates and Knights whereof fiue should assist and serue and they should change euery foure moneths Don Iohn King of Portugall laboured to quench and qualifie all occasions of new trobles betwixt his Realme and that of Castile Portugal by a firme peace Wherefore hauing sent backe his ambassadours in the yeare 1419. to Don Iohn King of Castile they were returned with good hope and promise to send ambassadours into Portugall expressely to that end This king D. Iohn the first of that name then raigning in Portugall hauing made a long truce with D. Henry King of Castile during that time he gaue himselfe to gouerne his Realme with iustice to repaire the ruines which had growne by the precedent warres and to adorne it with new buildings wherein employing himselfe with iudgement bountie and wisedome hee was beloued and respected both of his owne subiects and of strangers In remembrance of the victorie which he had gotten at Aljubarote he did build neere vnto it a sumptuous Monasterie which he dedicated to the Virgin Mary and did call it Saint Mary the royall of the battell or victorie which is a Conuent of Iacobin Friars And for that he had a better iudgement then many other Princes knowing that most of the relligious Monkes and other persons did not vnderstand the Latin tongue Booke of the â—oly Scripture translated into Portugall in the which the houres and suffrages were sung in churches he caused them to be translated into the Portugall tongue and in like manner many bookes of the holy Scripture and the interpretation thereof namely the foure Euangelists the which did afterwards much displease our Doctors in Diuinity Hee was so zealous of the honor of his house as a Groome of his chamber called Don Fernand Alphonso of Saint Iren hauing so much forgotten himselfe as to defloure one of the Queenes maides daughter to D. Aluar Peres of Castro Earle of Arroyoles he caused him to be burnt in the place of Rusio in Lisbon and as for her he chased her shamefully from Court sending her to her parents neither could the Queenes intercession preuaile any thing He did also punish with great seuerity the other insolencies of his Courtiers and aboue all things he shewed himselfe a louer of iustice onely he did forget to do reason to D. Beatrix Queene of Castile pretending to be right heire of the Realme which he enioyed whilest that she liued as it were in a priuate estate in Castile an example of rare patience and chastitie for shee would neuer heare speake of a second mariage although she were sought vnto by Princes of great state who happily might haue setled her in her fathers kingdome Besides the aboueâ—named buildings he built the towne of Almerin vpon the riuer of Tayo the pallace of Sintra the castle at Lisbon those of Sierra Balada neere to S. Iren and other Seeing himselfe in peace with all Christian Princes and well obeyed of his subiects he passed the sea with an armie and tooke Ceuta from the Moores of Affricke hauing in his company the Infant D. Edward holding then the place of the eldest for Don Alphonso was dead the Infant Don Pedro Duke of Coimbra and Lord of Montmajor the old and of Auero Don Pedro of Meneses Earle of Viana standard bearer of the realm who was the first Gouernor of Ceuta which victorie was intermixt with mourning for the death of the Queene D. Philippe his wife which happened in the yeares 1415. at what time the king D. Iohn did take a way the vse of accompting the yeares by the Aera of Caesar the which had beene till that time obserued in Portugall ordaining that from that time the yeare should begin from the Natiuity of Christ and that it should bee so dated in all publike and priuate writings to the end to conforme himselfe to that which was brought into Castile Arragon and Nauarre and to auoyd the confusion which fell our in contracts and bargains betwixt the subiects of the Realmes of Spaine In the yeare 1419. 1419. the Infant Don Henry his sonne who was Master of the Order of Christ mooued with an honest emulation by the conquest which his father had made vpon the Barbarians hauing conferred with some men of knowledge and experience in Cosmographie resolued to runne ouer the Ocean sea and to discouer the shoare and Ilands thereof Going from Lisbon with some ships hee came to the Iland of Madera in the yeare 1420. the which he found desert and full of wood An. 1420. whereof it carries the name M adera discouered for Madera is that which the Latins call Materia and we timber He set fire to this wood so as hauing cleansed it they found the soyle good and fruitfull for all things especially for sugar canes which grow in such aboundance as both Spaine and all Europe make great vse of it The Infant did afterwards continue this and other nauigations D. Henry Master of Christus the first discouerer at sea and was the first spurre to the Portugals which came after to discouer the coasts of Affricke and Asia and the Ilands of the South and Easterne seas with great honor to their nation and infinit profite to the whole world These things were attempted by the Portugals when as the peace betwixt them and the Castillans was doubtfull for the Councell of Castile delayed it by reason of the kings minority yet they liued quietly one with another About that time the ambassadors of Castile Castile which had beene sent to the Councell of Constance returned into Spaine bringing home the re-union of the church of Rome vnder Pope Martin the fift Among them was Don Diego of Anaya Maldonado Archb. of Seuile who built the Colledge of Saint Bartholomew at Salamanca this yeare 1420. beeing called the great Colledge the most auncient of all Castile where many learned men haue beene bred In that Vniuersitie of Salamanca are many other Colledges built and endowed with good liuings where there is good exercise of Diuinity arts and tongs as also in other townes of Spaine by the care of Bishops and good Prelates labouring chiefly to maintaine learning which are the grounds of pietie and vertue The same yeare a marriage was made betwixt D. Blanche of Nauarre the widdow-Queene of Sicile Nauarre and the Infant D. Iohn of Arragon second sonne to the King Don Fernand deceased By the treatie concluded the yeare before it was sayd That if the Infanta the presumptiue heire of Nauarre for the elder sister the Countesse of Foix was already dead without children should die before her husband hauing children or not that hee should raigne during his life in Nauarre after the decease of King Charles his father-in-law From this condition and promise being sworne there grew many troubles in Nauar. Besides the expectation of the Realme there
seruice He was liberall to all men and magnificent in gifts especially to Princes and their Ambassadours Hee was a louer of iustice and yet neuerthelesse mercifull full of commiseration and flow to condemne any man to death the which he could temper so well as his clemencie profited and redounded to the benefite of diuers yet offenders were punished and corrected in such sort as his Realmes were neuer since his time so well gouerned and cleansed from all manner of violence and outrage When hee had ouercome his enemies hee did alwaies shew himselfe meeke and gentle hee tooke delight in all excellent things vsing alwaies great modestie therein hee was sumptuous in mooueables in gold and siluer plate iewels and other ornaments of rare esteeme except about his owne royall person which was euer apparelled according to the common vse and fashion of his Gentlemen not delighting in rich and costly stuffes nor new fashions hee was stately and magnificent in martiall playes and shewes which were frequent in his Court and no lesse in buildings whereof the royall pallace the bridge and great Hospitall of Sarragossa do make mention The new castle at Naples brought into the forme which now it is is a worke of his he made the fortresse of the Eggeshabitable and commodious hee caused the marshes about the cittie to be dryed vp hee builded shippes of no meane greatnesse which seemed like castles vppon the sea he entertayned a great number of huntsmen but his chief delight and pleasure was in hawking And beeing a warlike Prince hee made two enterprises into Barbarie the one to Zerba anciently called the Isle of the Lotophages the which he tooke and defeated in battell Butifer king of Tunis who came to driue him thence with aboue an hundred thousand Moores the other against the towne properly called Affrica the situation whereof hee very well viewed hauing a purpose to returne thither where he burned all the shippes and vessels that he found in the hauen when hee was at peace in the kingdome of Naples he gaue ayde and succour to the Despotto of Acarnania assayled by the Turkes and to Scanderbeg Prince of Albania warring vpon the same nation Learning and learned men beloued of king Don Alphonso Sentence of D. Alphonso where his souldiers gaue sufficient proofe of braue warriours which did greatly redound to the Kings honour A man would scarce beleeue what honour and respect he did beare to learning and learned men beeing oftentimes wont to say That a King without learning was like a crowned Asse the which sentence he had read in the preface before the Spanish Translation of Saint Austens booke Of the Cittie of God and therefore he employed part of his time in the study of letters although he were of good yeares before he beganne and he did neuer neglect the reading of Bookes nor his conference and disputations with learned men how great affaires of State or warre soeuer hee had Beeing well stricken in yeares hee euer had in his company an old Grammarian called Master Martin with whome hee delighted greatly to discourse both abroade and at home and he did so profit at his studie that hee did translate Seneca's Epistles a worke very hard intreating of morall Philosophie into the Spanish tongue hee tooke such pleasure in reading the holy Scriptures as hee would often vaunt that he had read the old and new Testament fourteene times ouer To shew the singular affection hee did beare to learning and learned men hee gaue for his Deuice in armorie an open booke and hee would say that Bookes were Princes best Councellors with protestation that he had receiued best counsell of the dead meaning of his bookes In the deuastations and spoyles of Citties during his warres hee reserued for his part of the spoyle bookes which were carefully sought for and brought vnto him hee would reade with great delight Titus Liâ—ius and Caesars Commentaries so that besides the sundry reparations of Schooles and Auditories where hee assigned pensions to the Doctors Regents and schollers his Court was daily frequented with the learnedst men of his time to wit Bartholomew Facio George of Trebiçonde Laurentius Vallâ— Iohn Auriâ—pa Antonio of Palermo and others Hee did honour the great Captaines and worthie men in the Art militarie â—earned men 〈◊〉 to K. Aâ—phonsâ—s court of what nation soeuer they were likewise Grauers Architects excellent Enginers skilfull Marriners and generally any man of worth and desert in what art of science soeuer so that hee left behind him the eternall and euer-during memorie of a Prince truly vertuous valiant bountifull and esteeming vertue as it rightly deserued Now King Don Alphonso beeing dead and his sonne Don Fernand beeing in trouble at his first comming to the Crowne diuers citties and some great Lords of the kingdome of Naples did mooue and stirre vp the Prince Don Charles of Nauarre to take to himselfe the same Crowne which they offered vnto him but he made them such an answer as they perceiued thereby that he had learned to be modest to follow equity and right and not rashly to cast himselfe into another mans possession And for that hee would not giue any euill suspition of himselfe hee went into Sicill a Kingdome fallen by the death of Don Alphonso to the King his father with those of Arragon Sardynia Majorca Minorca Valencâ—a and the Principalitie of Cattelogne in the which by right belonging to the eldest sonnes of the Kings of Arragon hee obtayned in esse the principalitie of Girona and the right of succession in all these Kingdomes afterwards He remained and continued a while in Sicill greatly honoured and beloued of the Sicillians during which time he was amorously familiar with a very fayre and beautifull Gentlewoman of a meane of spring and parentage named Capa on whome hee begate two children the one named Don Philip of Nauarre and Arragon who was Master of the Order of Monteça Genealâ—gie of Nauarre and Arragon and dyed in the warre of Granado in the seruice of the King Don Fernand his Vncle the other was called Don Iohn who was Bishoppe of Huesca Hee had also a daughter named Donnaâ— Anne of Nauarre and Arragon who was Dutchesse of Medina Celi and wife to Don Lewis de la Cerde but it is vncertaine whether shee was borne of this mother As the aboue-named tumults and dissentions continued in Nauarre the Prouinces of Guipuscoa and Biscay beeing neere-bordering neighbours Castile and wrapped vp in one selfe same ayre entred into ciuill or rather vnciuill dissentions hauing likewise their factions of the Gamboines and Ognazines who could not bee repressed by any forme of iustice Therefore the King Don Henry was aduised to go thither in person the which he did and there by the aduice of his Councell and vppon information made of those trobles and outrages he razed and ouerthrew diuers towers and strong houses belonging to the chiefe of the Factions which serued for places of retreat and
Donna Leonoras future succession to the same with her grand-child Francis Phoebus Earl of Foix and some are of opinion that the townes and fortes of Saint Vincent Garda Bernedo Arcos The father the sonne cut off diuers places from the kingdome of Nauarre Larraga and Miranda de Arga were at the same time wholy cut off from the crowne of Nauarre in recompence of the charges which Don Fernand had beene at for the warre of Perpignan with an agreement that the customes rights and priuiledges which they had should for euer bee maintained but seeing it is certaine that a long time before this assembly Saint Vincent La Garde and Arcos were possessed by the King of Castile it is most likely that they were at that time onely confirmed vnto King Don Fernand. They did likewise intreate of many matters belonging to the Kingdoms of Arragon and Sicil and then they returned each of them into his owne Dominions and the King of Castile did neuer more after that see his father who spent the smal remainder of his daies at Barcelona afflicted with the goute and other diseases which doe ordinarily accompany old men King Don Fernand returned vnto the campe before Castro Nugno Castro Nugno yeelded to king Fernand. which was very faithfully and valiantly defended by the captaine Nicholas de Abendagno of Villareal in the Prouince of Alaua but the great want of victualls and of men those which were with him beeing in part dead and the others were so tired and weakened with watchings wardings and hurts receiued at the assault as they could hold out no longer did constraine him to yeeld vp the same place and yet vpon very honorable conditions for he carried away into Portugall all those that were with him without ransome with their armor weapons and baggage and their ensignes displaied and drummes beating and was greatly praised by the King the fort was presently razed downe to the ground after the rendring whereof the King returned to Siuill to the Queene where order was taken for the well gouerning of the City and expresse commaundement giuen to the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Marquis of Cales not to remaine there Don Iohn de Gamboa Gouernor of Fontaraby and the Licenciat Iohn de Medina both of them of the Kings Councell were likewise dispatched into Guipuscoa with instructions and authority to treat and conclude the peace with the French Kings Ambassadors who were at Bayon Peace betwixt France and Castile These came to Fontarabie and after that both sides did meet at Saint Iohn de Luz where they conferred togither and concluded the peace renuing the alliances leagues and ancient friendship betwixt the two Kingdomes The French Commissioners were the Lord of Lescut and the Abbot of Saint Denis and so the warre ended betwixt France and Castile The King and Queene before their departure from Siuill sent an army to conquer the Canaries vnder the conduct of Pedro de Vera where Nauigations and conquests of the Spaniards in the Oâ—â—an sea for the space of three yeeres diuerse notable exploits of warre were performed by the Castillans Thirty fiue ships were likewise sent to Guiney Pedro de Cobides being their generall from which place great quantity of gold was brought with great proffit for the Kings who had the fifth penny In the first the thing which was most esteemed of that blacke Nation was cockel-shels who were of opinion that they had great vertue against thunder and lightning by meanes whereof they were sold in Spaine at a great rate so as men could hardly get any for money This yeere 1478. the inquisition beganne at Siuill instituted at the first by the Councell of Don Pero Gonçales de Mendoza Archbishop of the same City Inquisition in Spaine against Iewes and Moores did beget the negligences of the Bishops and Pastors against the Iewes and conuerted Moores which did returne to their superstitious ceremonies this Prelate and other deputed for that search thinking that for to conteyne them in the profession of Christianity rigour and ciuill punishment was more expedient then other milder meanes or greater care Beeing content for to take away the occasion of seditions and troubles which grew in the Townes and Prouinces of the Realme against these miserable creatures most commonly at the instigation of Preachers and other Clergy men inciting the people to mutine against them Whereas in deed they ought to haue beene instructed by good and wholesome examples but the Bishops and Pastors had no great care of their soules health for the affaires of State and worldly greatnesse hath so busied them for many ages as they haue not had leysure to eleuate their eyes and minds higher then the earth Since that time the power of the Inquisitions tribunall which is diuided into diuers iurisdictions thorough euery Prouince of Spayne hath beene chiefly banded against those who haue dared to speake against the pompe and pride of the Sea of Rome and the abuses brought into the Church for to entertaine the ease and wealth of the Clergie a gulph which hath swallowed vp many good and honest families Concerning this Inquisition which within awhile made it selfe knowne for a fruitlesse inuention more ample mention shall be made hereafter The King and Queene hauing pacified and ordered the cittie of Seuile left Diego de Merlo there who was a good Knight in qualitie of an assistant and went themselues to Cordoua which was in like manner afflicted by the factions of Don Pero Fernandes of Cordoua Earle of Cabra and that of Don Alphonso d' Aguilar who in the last tumults had driuen the Earles forces out of the cittie and had taken the forts and places thereof which were in the keeping of the Earle detaining them with other places also belonging to the gouernement and iurisdiction of the cittie they and their followers beeing moreouer charged with so many robberies thefts and murthers as the King and Queene had much ado to chastise the offendours The cittie of Cordoua pacified and to restore euery man to his owne Alphonso of Aguilar was driuen foorth of the cittie and the fortresses taken from him Vpon complaint made against the Iudges and Officers of the legall Courts who did greatly exact the King and Queene caused their fees and stipends to bee rated more then which they were not permitted to take vpon payne of forfeiting seuen-fold as much which was executed vppon some who neither feared God nor reuerenced the lawes As these businesses were mannaged in Andalusia The Archb. alway disloyal and seditious the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo who was euer turbulent and desirous of innouation had secret intelligence with the King of Portugall vnto whome hee vndertooke to deliuer the Cittie of Toledo and to kill Don Gomes Manriques assistant there and to the same purpose he had practised with the common people of Toledo and had executed it if the assistant had not been a prouident and polliticke man who hauing
in their outrages do bandon themseâ—ues against the king who requested that he might be confirmed in that dignity notwithstanding any pretence that Don Iohn de Estuniga Sonne to Don Aluaro Duke of Areualo could make vpon whom the Pope had bestowed it Both of them were answered that vpon hearing of the parties they should haue speedy iustice The Countesse and the Treasurer not contented therewith became enemies to the King and Queene and did cleaue to the King of Portugall Don Alphonso hauing forgotten how that when he was taken prisoner by the Captaine of Magançala in Extremadura the King had deliuered him and paide his ransome bestowing diuers other benefits vpon him Ambassadors from the French King Lewis the eleuenth arriued at Guadalupa to see the peace agreed vpon by the Commissioners at Saint Iohn de Luz to bee sworne and ratified There the Popes Bull was seene which dispensed with the King of Portugall about the marriage of Donna Ioane his Neece not without excuses on the Popes part who said that he had bin circumuented and sinisterly informed concerning that matter And to the end the French King should on his part sweare and ratifie the articles of the peace the same comissioners who had first treated thereof were sent into France to weet Don Iohn de Gamboa and the licenciat Don Iohn de Medina both of them of the Kings Councell It was likewise agreede vppon with the French Ambassadors that the towne of Perpignan with other fortresses of the Earledome of Rossillion should bee deliuered as hostages into the Cardinall of Spaines hands and that with in fiue yeares following arbitrators should decide whatsoeuer king Lewis could pretend to be due vnto him Whilest the Spanish Court remayned at Guadalupa God being willing to make peace betwixt Christian Princes in Spaine to the end they might haue leasure to vndertake more worthy enterprises did inspire Donna Beatrice Dutchesse of Viseo widdow to the Infant Don Ferdinand of Portugall Duke of Viseo and Mother to Donna Leonora marryed to Prince Iohn the eldest Sonne and heire of the Crowne of Portugall with a desire to imploy her vttermost credit and meanes for the effecting thereof This Princesse hauing sounded King Alphonsos mynde and finding him to be inclined to an agreement sent word to her neece Queene Isabell for shee was sister to her Mother Queene Isabell widdow to King Iohn yet liuing that if it would please her to come to the frontiers of Portugall shee did hope that some good agreement would be made betwixt them wher-vnto the Queene disposed her selfe with the consent of King Fernand her husband King Iohn of Aragon dyed about this time at Barcelona beeing foure score and one yeares of age Arragon hauing reigned in Nauarre fifty three yeeres and foure moneths and one and twenty yeares and sixe moneths in Arragon The death of Iohn King of Arragon hee was buried in the monastery of Pobleta By his last will and testament hee left his Sonne Don Fernand heire to his Kingdomes of Arragon and Sicill and his daughter Princesse Leonora widdow to Earle of Foix heire to the realme of Nauarre and soone after deputies were sent from the states of Arragon Cattalogne and Valencia to the Court of Spaine to request King Fernand to come and take possession of his dominions they came vnto him in an vnseasonable time by reason the Portugall warre was hotly beganne by the practises of the countesse of Medelin and Don Alphonso de Montroy the pretended maister of Alcantara The King and Queene were aduertised that the army of Portugall was in a redinesse to inuade the country of Extremadura Castille by reason whereof they called the Constable and other Spanish Knights to Court and sent forces to the frontiers with great garrisons to Badajos and other fortes of the same marches where Don Alphonso de Cardegnaâ— Maister of Saint Iames was generall who lodged his army at Lobon betwixt Badajos and Merida wherein the Tresorer of Alcantara remayned attending for the Portugalls and the Bishoppe of Ebora their Generall who came with an intent to ioyne with him to preuent which The Portugall army defeated at Albuhera the Maister of Saint Iames did march against the Bishoppe and gaue him battaile in the fieldes of Albuhera the which was fierce and bloudy on either side but the Portugalls were ouerthrowne and the Bishop taken although afterward he escaped away hauing lost their ensignes bagage and all the equigage and munition Batell of Albuhera the maister of Saint Iames and all the King of Castiles Captaines were hurt but aboue the rest the valour and prowesse of Don Martin de Cordoua Sonne to the Earle of Cabra of Sancho del Aquila of Alphonso Henriques and of Rodrigo de Cardegna Cosin to the Maister of Saint Iames was admirable the which Maister by his Iudgement and valour hauing gotten the King and Queene this victory was so charitable as with his owne mony hee releeued the dearth and famine which at that time did oppresse the country of Extremadura in regard whereof the King and Queene did acquit him of three Millions of Marauedis which he was to pay as apension vnto them out of the reuenew of his place After this battaile the Treasorer of Alcantara went to Deleitosa which had beene taken by Roderigo de Monroy his brother Defeate of the Spanish army by sea and the Bishoppe of Ebora went to Medellin to encourage the Countesse who perhaps was valianter than him-selfe Gods will was that the King of Portugall in recompence of this losse should by his army at sea take the fiue and thirty Spanish shippes which came from Guiney wherein was great store of gold which serued well to pay his soldiors and the prisoners to exchang for those which were taken at the land Battaile of Albuhera After this manner are the euents of ioy and sorrow mixed in this miserable world King Fernand beeing importuned to goe into Arragon and considering the notable vnion of those two Kingdomes being at that time at Trugillo where after hee had celebrated the obsequies of King Iohn his father hee treated with the Queene his wife and those of her councell about the forme of precedency and the order which should bee kept in the letters and writings concerning the titles of the realmes and dominions which he commanded diuers of them were of opinion that they should intitle themselues Kings of Spaine in regard the greatest part thereof did obey them but they not beeing willing to exceed the bounds of modesty nor yet to preiudice in that behalfe the Kings of Nauarre and Portugall with whome they were conioyned in bloud did place their titles after this manner Titles of King Fernand and Queene Isabell Frenand and Izabell by the grace of God King and Queene of Castile of Leon of Arragon of Sicill of Toldedo of Valencia of Galicia of Majorque of Siuill of Sardiâ—ia of Cordoua of Corsica of Murcia of Iaen of Algarbes
of Algezire of Gibraltar Earles of Barcelona Lords of Biscay and Molina Dukes of Athens and of Neopatria Earles of Rossillon and of Cerdaigne Marquis of Oristagni and of Gocian After this manner were the titles of these Kingdomes and dominions ordered according to their ranke and dignity and in the shieldes of their armes and deuices it was appointed that the armes of Castile and Leon should bee first drawne and after them those of Arragon and Sicill The Court beeing come from Trugillo to Caceres Queene Izabell was greatly solicited by Donna Beâ—trice Duchesse of Viseo to come to Alcantara where shee promised to meet her and to conferre about the meanes of a peace betwixt Castile and Portugall the King and Queene departed the one from the other shee towards Alcantara which for the same purpose was committed to the keeping of Don Guttiere de Cardegna the great commander by Don Aluaro de Estuniga Duke of Playsance or Areualo Entervew of of Queene Isabell and the Dutchesse of visco sorto treat of peace who held it as lawfull administrator of Don Iohn de Estuniga his Sonne who pretended him-selfe Maister of that order and King Fernand went into Arragon to take possession of his new Kingdomes These Princesses beeing arriued at Alcantara were lodged in one house namely in the Castle where they spent thirty daies in conference and agreeing at the last vpon certaine Articles the Dutchesse beeing highly honored by the Queene Isabella of Castile and rewarded with many rich presents and Iewells returned into Portugall carrying Roderigo Maldonado one of Fernand the King of Castiles councell with her to communicate more at large with the King of Portugall concerning them In the meane space whilest these matters were conferred on the Treasurer of Alcantara surprized the fortresse of Montanches on the one side and those of the Countesse of Medellins part made sharpe warre in Extremadura on the other the which countrey besides the miseries which it endured by the warre Queene Izabella pursueth the Râ—bels in Extremadura it was oppressed with extreame famine so as euery one perswaded the Queene to go backe to Toledo but her haughtie courage would not suffer her to leaue such places where shee knew trouble and danger to bee beeing able by her wisedome speedily to redresse it Shee then gaue order to beseege diuers places at one time from whence the enemies made sundrie roades with incredible spoyles euen to the gates of Trugillo The Master of Saint Iames was sent against Merida Don Lewis Fernandes de Porto Carrero Lord of la Palma beseeged Medellin Rodrigo de Monroy d'Eleitosa and Don Lorenzo Suares of Figueroa opposed himselfe against those which molested the countrey of Badajos The Treasurer of Alcantara ranne vppe and downe and tooke booties now from one place then from another hauing his retreat at Piedra nueua Castro nueuo Majorga Azagala and other forts and not contented therewith hee went into Portugall animating King Alphonso not to giue ouer that warre but couragiously to poursue it with great hope and not bee carried away by the perswasions of the Dutchesse of Viseo and hee did chiefly vrge him to come with a mighty armie to raise the seege before Montanches that place beeing the strength and importance of the warre which D. Pero Fernandes de Velasco the Constable fearing fortified his campe with trenches and walles of stones so as he could not easily bee assayled on the sodaine Don Lewis Fernando Porto Carrero beseeging Medellin where the Countesse and the Bishop of Ebora remayned sustained infinite difficulties for besides the continuall sallies and skirmishes of the beseeged who were very strong his campe was troubled with a horrible number of Flies which constrained him to change his seat and to retire halfe a mile from thence At the end of the seege which lasted three moneths those of Deleitosa yeelded sauing their liues and goods and with-drew themselues to Montanches Great was the paine and toyle which the beseegers and beseeged of this place did indure with those likewise of Merida and Medellin where the Bishoppe of Ebora spared no care not diligence to recouer his honour and to couer the losses which he had sustayned at Albuhera and also at the battell of Toro Hunger sicknesse and other inconueniences were the chiefe enemies that either paâ—tie had to warre against although Queene Izabella to her power had prouided for the necessitie of her people who from time to time receiued letters from Maldonado her Ambassador in Portugall putting her out of hope of peace by reason of King Alphonso's obstinacie who could not bee brought to any reasonable conditions she therefore willed him to returne into Castile The Ambassadour beeing readie to depart came to take his leaue of King Alphonso who was at the same time accompanied with the Prince his sonne and the Lords of his Councell who did perswade him by diuers reasons and examples of things fallen out lately in Spayne to condiscend to a peace which perswasion of his beeing better taken and apprehended by the Prince and the other Lords then by the King himselfe were of such force as he was drawne by them to receiue the peace which the Dutchesse of Viseo had concluded at Alcantara Peace betwixt Portugall and Castile Whereuppon the Ambassadours departure was prolonged and the morrow after he assembled his Councel where the Articles were againe perused and considered of which the King allowed confirmed and swore to obserue after this manner First Articles that the King of Portugall should lay aside the title of King of Castile and Leon and should wipe out of his shield the armes and deuises of the sayd kingdomes Secondly that he should sweare not to marrie Donna Ioane his Neece who called her selfe Queene of Castile and Leon. Thirdly that shee beeing at that time eighteene yeares of age should choose one of these things within sixe moneths that is to say to forsake the Realme of Portugall without hauing ayde meanes or any assistance from king Don Alphonso or if shee would tarrie there still then to marrie with Prince Iohn of Castile who was newly borne when he should come to age or else to enter into one of the fiue Orders of Religion of Saint Clare in Portugal and if she would consent to marrie Prince Iohn shee should liue and remaine in the meane time in the company of Donna Beatrix Dutchesse of Viseo Fourthly that the Infanta Donna Izabella eldest daughter to the King and Queene of Castile should marrie the Infant Don Alphonso eldest sonne to Prince Iohn heire to the Kingdome the which Infant and Infanta should likewise be committed to the keeping of the Dutchesse of Viseo in the fort of Mora in Portugall Fiftly that the Kings of Castile should in no sort let or hinder the king of Portugalls nor the Prince his sonnes voyage into Guiney and that the States and people of Castile should bee bound to performe and maintaine that poynt inviolably Sixtly that
souldiers found smal resistance in this latter roade Seditions betwixt the father and sonne in regard the Mores were greatly diuided among themselues by meanes whereof King Muley Alboacen was dispossessed and driuen away for hee was much feared and hated because of his tyrannies which extended chiefly to the Nobilitie and he had namely euill intreated the family of Abencaraxes one of the most illustrious houses among the Granadins These men with their complices and allyes constrayned Muley Alboacen to giue place and they deliuered the cittie with the Alhambra or fort thereof to his sonne Mahomet Boabdellin surnamed the Little who was fled to Guadix for feare of beeing slaine by his father who was carried away with vnreasonable amorous passions and false suggestions of a second wife a renied Christian whom hee had married for her rare and excellent beautie in regard whereof she was called Zoraya which signifieth Morning-starre This woman beeing desirous to aduance her children which shee had by the King did indeauour by all meanes to roote out those which hee had begotten on the Queene Aixa his wife a Ladie of a great and illustrious house and his neere kinswoman who because she would not see her eldest sonne murthered which was this Boabdellin she caused him on a night to be let downe out of the window of the castle with the helpe of her woman by a rope made of their vailes and night tyres and thereby gaue him meanes to saue himselfe in the cittie of Guadix where the Abenceraxes his kinsmen who were of great power there did kindly receiue him and dealt in such sort with their friends of the citty of Granado as they acknowledged him for their king The father hauing retired himselfe somewhere else made fierce and sharpe warre vpon his sonne which caused the losse of their Crowne and totall ruine to the raigne of the Moores in Spaine Albeit that those barbarous people were at such dissention among themselues The Moores take Cagnette yet when there was any cause they wold agree together to annoy the Christians so as they tooke the towne of Cagnette spoyled it and carried away all the inhabitants and souldiers for slaues and afterwards razed it downe to the ground These things were done in the yeare 1482. wherein is to be noted that foure seuerall Christian armies entred in a few moneths space into the kingdome of Granado An. 1482. King Fernand and Queene Izabella appointed Captaines for the frontiers namely for Iaen Don Pedro Manrique Earle of Treuigno who was newly made Duke of Nagera the Master of Saint Iames for Eccia and Don Iohn de Silua Earle of Cifuentes for Siuill the assistant Diego Merlo beeing lately dead â—onna Mary borne Towards the end of the yeare the Queene in the cittie of Cordoua was deliuered of a daughter called the Infanta Maria who was afterward Queene of Portugall and after she was churched the Court remooued to Madrid The beginning of the yeare 1483. was sorrowfull to the Nauarrois Nauarre by reason of the death of their king Francis Phoebus whome the Princesse his mother had carried backe into France to auoyde the importunate solliciting of marriages which they would haue procured in Spaine both for him and his sister Donna Catherina wherewith King Lewis the eleuenth was not contented hee dyed not without suspition of poyson for without any apparance at all of sicknesse Francis Phoebus poysoned he felt himselfe to be stricken with a deadly pricking as he was playing vppon a flute which was presented vnto him in which and all other instruments of musicke he did greatly delight Beeing neere to his end hee repeated these words taken out of the Gospell My kingdome is not of this world therefore I leaue the world trouble not your selues for I go to the Father He dyed in Bearne in the castle of Paâ— the fourth yeare of his raigne if we reckon from his grand-mothers death Queene Leonora being but fifteene yeares of age fully compleat hee lyes buried at Lescar in the Cathedrall Church of S. Mary King Fernand and Queene Izabella receiued newes of his death at Madrid Castile where they had called a Parlament and because the Crowne of Nauarre descended to the Infanta Donna Catherine sister to the deceased king they sent the Licenciate Rodrigo Maldonado of Talauera one of their Councell Ambassador into Bearne to the Princesse Magdalen her mother to demaund the Infanta in marriage for the Prince Don Iohn their sonne The mother Princesse notwithstanding that shee would willingly haue condescended thereunto made answer that shee could not bestow her without the consent of his brother the French king Vppon this answer the Catholike kings sent Iohn de Ribera with troupes of men at armes towards the frontiers of Nauarre to haue intelligence with the Earle of Lerin who had married King Fernandes bastard sister to the end to hinder the French-men from enterprising any thing and from entring into that kingdome The Estates assembled at Madrid granted a subsidie to the King towards the warre of Granado and besides that the Pope permitted them to leauie one hundred thousand Crownes vpon the Clergie of Spayne and sent them a Croizado to gather contributions and gifts for the same purpose and in this Parlament the power authoritie and iurisdiction of the Hermandades and vnions of the Communalties was ordered and reformed Afterwards the Kings diuided the affaires betwixt them that they might the better prouide for all matters shee remayned in Castile and he prepared himselfe to returne into Andalusia but the troubles which were raised in Gallicia by the meanes of D. Pero Aluares Osorio Earle of Lemos did call him into those parts The Earle dyed there before the Kings arriuall Sedition in Gallicia and by that meanes saued the King a labour who otherwise would haue had him arraigned by order of lawe Another contention arose betwixt a bastard sonne of the late Earles called Rodrigo Osorio whome his father had appointed heire in the Earledome of Lemos to the preiudice of his lawfull daughter who was married to the Earle of Benauents sonne she sayd that in regard Rodrigo was a bastard he was incapable to inherite he on the contrarie alleaged his legitimation by the Pope the king imposed silence and peace to both parties and referred the cause to his Councell to bee ordered according to iustice and in the meane time did commit the towne of Ponferrada and the Lordship thereof beeing a parcell of the litigious inheritance to the keeping of his Vncle Don Henry Henriques great Master excepting one strong hold of the same Lordshippe which he gaue in keeping to Don George d'Abendagno his countri-man and a Knight of the Kings house These matters thus ordered the king returned to Madrid from whence he dispatched Ambassadours to procure the peace of Italy which flamed with intestine warres the Pope and the Venetians hauing ioyned to the preiudice of King Fernand of Naples and the Florentines
same night he called Don Manuell her other sonne into her presence who was more wise and discreet then his brother vnto whom hauing told the Dukes death and the causes wherefore he died hee gaue all that his brother did possesse and more and conferring with him with a fatherly affection hee promised to cause him to be sworne and acknowledged for Prince and heire to the crowne of Portugall after his death and Don Alphonso his sonne but hee would not permit him to name himselfe Duke of Viseo as his brother had done but Duke of Beja Lord of Viseo and Maister of the Order de Christus and hee made him Lord of the Isle of Madera and gaue him other lands The Duke was at the same time onely seauenteene yeeres of age A Spheare vpon the armes of Portugall and the King gaue him a Sphere for a diuise to beare in his armes the which the Kings of Portugall doe yet at this day beare in their armes and royall scutcheon the same was a lucky presage vnto him of the conquests and discoueries which were afterward made in his reigne and name vnder both the Poles the same was likewise fore-told by the Bishop of La Garde a great Mathematicien in regard of his Horoscope and position of the heauens at his Natiuity being in the yeere 1468. albeit that such iudgments are deceiuable and vnlawfull for the actions of Kings and the euents of all other matters depend vpon Gods onely Ordonance Now when the confederates vnderstood of the Duke of Viseos death and that their practizes were discouered each of them thought to saue one but all of them were not quicke enough for Don Pedro d' Albuquerque was taken as he fled towards Lisbone and Don Pedro d'Atayde at Saint Iren who were brought to the Court The like happened to the Bishop of Ebora and to Don Fernand de Meneses his brother and to Don Gutierre Coutino As for D' Aluaro D'Atayde who remained at Saint Iren accompanied with men at armes attending the successe of their businesse meaning to haue taken Donna Ioane surnamed the Excellent who was a Nunne from the Monastery of Saint Clare at Coimbra and to haue lodged her in the castle he fled away into Spaine and so did Don Lopes d'Albuquerque Earle of Pennamaçor with all his family D. Fernand de Silueyra hauing beene hidden by one of his father seruants A Seruants faithfulnesse who neither for grieuous threatnings nor for promises of reward from the King could euer be drawne to disclose him did likewise escape and fled into Spaine The King to iustifie the Duke of Viseos death and to giue notice thereof to all men caused his processe to be made after that he had slaine him and condemned the rest D. Fernand de Menses and D. Pedro were beheaded and quartered as traitors As for D. Guttiere Coutino he was committed to the tower of Auis The Duke of Viseos complices and conseâ—derates are executed for D. Vasco his brother who had reuealed much of the conspiracy to the King did a while prolong his life neuerthelesse hee did not escape nor is it certainely knowne how he died D. Garcia de Meneses Bishop of Ebora beeing prisoner in the castle of Palmela was found dead vpon the cesterne of the said fort and there is great presumption that his daies were violently shortned At the same time the Kings of Castile were at Siuill where receiuing newes that the conspiracy was discouered and imagining that the Duke of Viseo should bee committed to prison and that King Iohn would not haue proceeded against him so indiscreetly they hauing no notice of his sodaine death did send D. Inigo Manriques Bishop of Leon and Gaspar Fabro a Knight of Arragon Ambassadors into Portugall with instruction to entreate the King to saue the Duke of Viseos life if he were yet liuing and if he were dead to comfort the Dutchesse his mother who had beene the cause of the peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall The Ambassadors perceiuing the Duke of Viseo to bee dead did their best to comfort the sorrowfull mother and so returned into Spaine without speaking to King Iohn who neuer ceassed to pursue Don Fernand de Silueyra vntill hee had driuen him out of Spaine He was afterward slaine in Auignon by an Earle of Cattalonia who was likewise banished from his country but the French King had like to haue taken his head from his shoulders in requitall of his paines This Earle was afterward liberally rewarded by king Iohn for that he had rid him of an enemy The Earle of Pegnamaçor died in Castile D. Aluaro of Atayde liued a banished man during the life of King Iohn and in King Manuels time returned into Portugall By these seuerities King Iohn was feared of all his subiects in regard he had not spared those two great Lords who were of the greatest parentage in Portugall The yere 1485. the commons of Castile sent their Deputies and Commissioners to Orgas where D. Alphonso of Arragon An. 1485. Duke of Villahermosa lay Castile who was captaine generall of their Hermandades or brotherhoods and with him D. Alphonso de Burgos Bishop of Cuenca president of the royall Councel and Alphonso de Quintanilla who hauing propounded the great costs and charges which the Kings were at in following the Moorish wars did demaÌ„d a subsidy the which was very readily graated in regard they did see that it should be emploied in matters so worthy and proffitable for the commonwealth The Gouernors and captaines on the frontiers of Andaluzia would lose no fit occasion that might anoy the Moores who did all of them in a manner follow King Muley Albohacen Moores and had almost restored him to all his lands in Granado reuolting from Mahumet the Little because he had beene aided by Christian Kings so that they left him no other place of retreat but only the city of Almery from whence hee made cruell warre vpon the Moores which tooke his fathers part they meaning altogether to despoyle him of all rule and gouernment in Granado and perceiuing King Muley Albohacen to bee already old and vnfit for warre did elect a brother of his one of King Ismaels sonnes for their gouernour in Granado who was likewise called Muley Boabdalin who thinking it most necessary for the establishing of his Kingdome to ridde his Nephew Mahomet out of the world hee had secret intelligences with the chiefe men of his faction which were neere in credit about his person in Almery whom he induced by promises to deliuer their Prince and City into his hands at a certaine time appointed before which place Muley Boabdellin shewing himselfe they failed not to open him the gates they let him in vpon such a sodain as Mahumet hardly escaped with life but God gaue him meanes to escape leauing a young brother of his behinde him who was cruelly murthered by his enemies after the taking of which towne Muley Boabdellin openly and without
attended the affaires of his kingdome but his minde was aboue all other matters set on this nauigation the which hee did set downe according to the opinions which hee had receiued from diuerse places which did confirme and verifie the discourse which Pedro de Cobanilla had sent him who remained in Prester Iohns Countrey Emperour of Aethiopia from whence there arriued at Lisbone a little before the Kings death a learned and discreete Monke who informed the king more particularly of diuers matters which serued afterwards to great purpose Now king Iohn feeling himselfe neere his end made his Will and hauing no lawfull children hee knew that the kingdome was to fall to Don Manuell Duke of Beja Hee was therefore desirous to giue Don George his base sonne a portion vnto whome hee gaue the Cittie of Coimbra with the title of Duke and Montmajor the old and the lands of the Infantasgo in the same forme as his Grandfather the Infant Don Pedro father to Queen Izabella his mother had possessed them hee gaue him moreouer the Isle of Madera Beja and Viseo which was not performed afterward This will and Testament was signed by Don Manuel and D. George and by fiue other personages of great place who made vp the number of seuen witnesses After this hee went into Algarbe to the Bathes of Monchiz in the moneth of October the season beeing cold and vnfit for his disease and hunting the wild Bore vppon a wet rainie day hee got a fluxe Wherefore as soone as he came to Albor assured tokens of death beganne to appeare vpon him wherof he was admonished by D. Diego Ortiz Bishop of Tanger and Don Diego Almeyda Prior of Saint Iohns who was Gouernour to Don George then disposing himselfe to dye hee appoynted certaine things out of a little Booke to be read and accomplished at such time as he was readie to giue vp the ghost First hee craued pardon of the Dutchesse Donna Beatrix his mother-in-law of Queene Leonora his wife and of the Cardinal Don George of Acosta who then was at Rome he likewise craued pardon of the whole Estates of his Kingdome in generall And to the end that his sonne Don George should not grieue and trouble his mind hee caused him to bee ledde foorth of his chamber and there stood round about his bed Don George of Almeyda Bishop of Coimbra and his brother Don Diego of Almeyda Prior of Saint Iohns Don Iohn de Silua Bishop of Silues Don Diego Ortiz Bishop of Tanger and Don Iohn de Vasconcellos Earle of Penela with certaine Chaplens who exhorted him for his soules health In this manner this King died hauing held the scepter of Portugall foureteene yeares and two moneths in the yeare 1495. and in the sixe and fortieth of his age Death of king Iohn of Portugal his bodie by his owne appointment was layd in the Cathedrall church of Silues and was afterwards transported by the commaundement of the King his successor to the Monasterie of Battaile 1495. beeing the last king that was buried there and it is reported that yet to this day his bodie lyes whole and vnconsumed He was an excellent King and esteemed to be so by the other Princes of Christendome Returning to the affaires of Castile King Ferdinand and Queene Izabella departing from Tordesillas Castile went to Areualo to visite the old Queene Izabella mother to Queene Izabella then raigning from whence they came to Segouia and afterward to Madrid where by the aduice of their Councell it was decreed that the king should take the Master-ship of Alcantara into his owne hands as well as those of Saint Iames and Calatraua for to be perpetuall Administrator thereof and to the end that there might bee no more masters in Castile then the King and Queene the which was approued by authoritie Apostolicall Don Iohn of Estuniga beeing bereft of his Mastership was otherwaies recompenced This yeare also the new Chancerie and royall audience at Cité reall was erected for pleas and causes depending beyond Tayo this riuer separating the bounds of the two Chanceries namely of this and of that at Vailiodolit from this Spring in the mountaine of Cuenca where it enters into the lands of Portugall Don Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Catania and afterwards of Auilla was the first President thereof Now the King and Queene had sent some few dayes before Antonio Fonseca Ambassadour to the French king Charles the eight to the end to diuer him from the warre of Naples enterprized against King Alphonso their Newphew and to declare plainely to him now that they had gotten the Earledome of Rossillon their meaning And king Charles beeing alreadie come into Italy with a mightie armie the Ambassadour metre him at Vilitri neere to Rome where he deliuered his Ambassage and did protest notwithstanding the agreement and promises made at the restitution of the Earledome of Rossillon that if he did persist to poursue by armes his pretended right to the kingdome of Naples king Fernand his master could do no lesse then shew himselfe his enemie and take vpon him his Nephewes defence and therefore he entreated him to thinke of it and to referre all their differences to the Popes iudgement who could very well iudge whither the kingdome of Naples did belong to the French or to the Arragonois The Ambassador wold haue sayd more but he was interrupted in his speech by certain hotte and fierie French Lords who made him hold his peace and told him that he spake too arrogantly and impertinently Peace betwixt Fâ—ance and Castile broken therefore the Ambassador following his instruction tooke the Articles of the last agreement betwixt King Charles and King Ferdinand which he brought with him and tare them in peeces in the presence of the King Lords and Knights of his Armie and hee warned at the same instant Charles de Areillan and Iohn Petit Ceruillon Spanish Captaines who serued in King Charles his Armie that as subiects to King Ferdinand they should depart thence within three dayes and giue ouer the French Kings seruice on paine of being held rebels to their Prince From the same time was the friendship betwixt those two Kings broken and warre in a manner denounced King Charles pursued his destenie and without any difficulty made himselfe maister of the Realme of Naples King Alphonso before hee had fully raigned a yeare hauing giuen ouer the kingdome to his sonne Ferdinand went into Sicill and there ledde a monastick life but not long after the Kings of Castile beeing at Tortosa in Cattalonia did openly and by effect declare themselues enemies to the French as well for feare least they being already Maisters of Naples should seaze vpon Sicill where they pretended like right as also at the entreaty of Pope Alexander and other Potentates of Italy being in the same feare of their owne estates and would not permit the power of the French to grow so great in Italy therefore they set forth a Nauie of
Ferdinands embassadour vsed great diligence Pope Iulio had cast himselfe into the Florentines armes who were friends and allies to the French king to obtaine some good conditions of peace by their meanes but being better informed of the whole successe by Iulio de Medicis who was afterwards cardinall and then Pope Clement the seuenth he changed his resolution and continued the warre being incouraged by the descent of the Suisses into Italiâ— to defend the Church of Rome At that time began the first session of the Councel of Latran that of Milan being so ridiculous as the cardinall Iohn of Medicis a prisoner hauing ample authoritie from the Pope gaue dispensations absolued from censures and did all acts of an Apostolike Legat with a great concourse of people before the cardinals and prelates of the opposite Councell the which the gouernours of Milan for the French king did not contradict King Lewis fearing to be assailed in Fraunce by the forces of Spaine and England and and the Suisses being incensed against him Victorie of Rauenna vnprofitable for the French hauing passed the Alpes with the cardinall of Sion the Popes Legat the Emperour Maximilian hauing also called home all the Germans that serued the French prest with many difficulties he was forced to yeeld the field to the enemie and after that he had sought an accord in vaine to abandon the estate of Milan and to retire his forces into France and to defend his owne The cardinals of the Councell of Pisa retired Bolonia and in a manner all other places were recouered Genoa obtained her libertie and Iohn Fregoso was chosen duke so as the French king had nothing remaining in Lombardie but the castle of Milan that of Cremona Bresse Crema Lignago the Lanterne of Genoa and Castellet 28 Thus Pope Iulio seeing his affaires so succesfull Popes fulminations against K. Lewis the xiâ— began to thunder out his spirituall censures and fulminations against K. Lewis causing him to be declared by a decree of the Councell of Latran an heretike and schismatike depriuing him for that cause of all honour and royall dignitie yea of the name of Most Christian which had beene so long affected to the kings of Fraunce which title he would transferre to the kings of England And on the other side he did honour the king D. Ferdinand with the title of Catholike the which the kings of Spaine carrie at this day vnder colour of the happie warres which he had made and ended against the Moores which had vsurped the prouinces in Spaine and other Infidels but being chiefly mooued by the good offices which he had done for him and the See of Rome opposing himselfe at that time against the French and the Councell of Pisa and fauouring the designes of Pope Iulio which were to prejudice the Crowne of France whereof letters and Apostolike briefes were presented vnto king Ferdinand being in the citie of Burgos in the yeare 1512. The realme of France was not so easie to be swallowed vp as that of Nauarre Nauarre which was inuaded by the duke of Alua king Iohn and queene Katherine being at Pampelone and the Castillan armie within eight leagues of them they were so vnprouided of all meanes to make resistance King Iohn of Albret forced to retire into France as king Iohn could take no better resolution then to abandon the realme and retire himselfe into Fraunce The inhabitants of Pampelone seeing themselues forsaken demaunded of him That seeing he left them what his pleasure was they should doe Defend your selues said he as well as you can and if you cannot make it good yeeld vnto king Ferdinand vpon some good conditions for I will take good order that he shall not long enjoy Nauarre Queene Katherine found it strange that the king her husband should so soone abandon his realme before that the armie of Castille had done any notable exploit but whether it were feare or distrust that he had of them of Pampelone who he knew were affected to the earle of Lerin and to the faction of Beaumont he left it notwithstanding all her reasons and persuasions on the two and twentieth of Iulie this yeare 1512 saying That he had rather liue in woods and mountaines than to be a prisoner in his owne countrey His retreat was by the vallie of Baztan and the castle of Moya and so went to the Court of France leauing the queene his wife at Pampelone who hauing stayed there but two dayes after him followed him with prince Henrie her sonne and three daughters and hauing ouertaken him among other speeches ful of bitternesse Speech of Q. Katherine to the king her husbaÌ„d she said vnto him O King you shall remaine Iohn of Albret and neuer thinke more of the realme of Nauarre for that hauing beene superflâ—ously good you haue beene the lesse esteemed of your subiects and haue vndone your selfe and your realme D. Pedro the marshall of the realme parted with these princes and many other knights of the faction of Gramont Facâ—ioÌ„ of Beaumont in the Court of Nauarre D. Lewis of Beaumont earle of Lerin had such intelligences in the Court and throughout the realme of Nauarre as hee had particular aduise of all that was done whereof he aduertised the duke of Alua who marching before came and camped within two leagues of Pampelone hauing in his armie six thousand foot a thousand men at armes and fifteene hundred light horse Castillans besides the supplies of Beaumont their friends kinsfolkes and partisans Then the inhabitants of Pampelone sent forth vnto the duke requiring that they might be receiued vpon certaine lawes and conditions for they had no power to defend themselues nor it may be will To whom answer was made by the duke That it was for the vanquisher to prescribe lawes vnto the vanquished wherefore they should resolue to yeeld themselues freely into his hands or to attend all the miseries and calamities which are vsually felt in the expugnation of townes by reason whereof he restrained their demaunds to the obseruation of their auncient priuiledges and liberties the which was granted them and moreouer some prouisions for the present estate Articles vpon the yeelding of Pampelone to the duke of Alua. Among these articles that were agreed vpon the chiefe of them were these 1 That the duke of Alua should from thenceforth be patron and mediator for the inhabitants of Pampelone in the demaunds and requests which they should make vnto the kings D. Ferdinand and D. Ioane for all matters either honourable or profitable 2 That such as should remaine vassals or seruants to the kings of Castille should be maintained in their goods and estates fees rents and pensions whatsoeuer which they had beene accustomed to receiue from precedent kings And to such as meant to retire themselues such things should not be payed but to the day of the yeelding vp of the citie 3 That the kings receiuors should gather vp the rents reuenues imposts and
At that time Diego Lopes of Ayala lord of Ceuole was gouernour of Fontarrabie who caused the platforme called Diego Lopes to be built towards France The marshall D. Pedro was in king Iohns armie with many of the faction of Gramont whose partisans being dispersed throughout the realme caused many places to reuolt to the king as Iohn Ramires of Baquedan Places returne to the ebedience of king Iohn lord of Saint Martin the towne of Estella Ladron of Mauleon that of Mirande Martin of Gomi Tafalla Pedro de Radaâ— that of Murillo Iaime Velez de Medran S. Care with others by other men The king thought that the citie of Pampelone would haue done as much but he was deceiued Hereupon D. Alphonso of Arragon base sonne to king Ferdinand and Archbishop of Saragosse sent six hundred men from Teruel Daroca and Albarrazin to enter into Pampelone who passing within halfe a league of Saint Martin Victorie of 90 men ouer 600 Arragonians they were charged by fourescore and ten footmen of the vallie of Roncal and fiue horsemen who defeated them stript them into their shirts and sent them home their colonell came to Olite to demaund aid but he was in danger to be hanged by the Archbishop Anthonie of Fonseca recouered some of these reuolted places and brought the hostages to Pampelone into the which he put himselfe D. Francisco of Beaumont the constables cousen set vpon Estella and tooke the towne but not the castle and recouered that of Bernette and D. Pedro of Beaumont the constables brother the castle of Montjardin The duke of Alua being in the meane time in a maner inclosed in betwixt the armies of the duke of Angoulesme and the king of Nauarre he deceiued them escaping by vnknowne wayes and came with his armie to Pampelone And to the end the siege of Estelle should not stay and disturbe the forces of the king of Castille Diego Hernandes of Cordoua was sent with a supplie to them that besieged it Wherefore Iohn Ramires of Baquedan being extreamely prest was forced to yeeld it vpon condition That they should depart with their armes baggage and ensigns displayed Iohn Ramires of Bequadan faithfull to his prince refusing the great offers which king Ferdinand had made him if he would come to his seruice So this good knight came to the king of Nauarres campe The towne of Larraga defended by a French captaine was also yeelded by composition The king of Nauarre tooke the castle of Tiebas by force where was the ladie of Gurendayn of the house of Artieda whom he suffered to goe away freely and hauing receiued a new supplie of two thousand Germans Pampelone besieged by king Iohn he besieged Pampelone towards Saint Nicholas port where there were many sallies and skirmishes made whereby the king of Nauarre vnderstood that the force of the besieged was great The duke of Alua put some of the faction of Gramont whom he suspected out of the towne and hauing visited those parts of the towne which might be dangerous ordering all things and ramparing vp the breaches which the enemies made with their furious batterie Assault maintained by the garrison of PaÌ„pelone against the French he prepared himselfe to maintaine the Assault which was giuen on Saturday the seuen and twentieth of September from the which the assailants were repulsed with great losse King Ferdinand being in the meane time at Logrogne and aduertised of the estate of his affaires hee had drawne together the forces of Alua Biscaie Rioja and part of Guipuscoa notwithstanding that a good part of the French armie was yet in those limits being in all fifteene thousand fighting men assigning their rendez-vous at Pont de Royne whither he sent D. Pedro Manriques duke of Nagera surnamed the Sâ—rong to be generall of this armie At the brute whereof the king of Nauarre being out of hope to take Pampelone and in great necessitie of victuals Siege of Pampelone raised Winter also tyring his armie he raised his siege the last day of Nouember by the counsell and persuasion of the lord of Palisse and other captaines of experience And the next day the duke of Nagera arriued with his armie whereof there was not any need seeing that the siege was raysed who for that reason refused the battell which the French sent to present vnto him by a king at Armes So king Iohn of Albret complaining his ill fortune returned on this side the Pyrenees in the straits of which mountaines the reereward of the French armie was much troubled by the Guipuscoans and other mountainers being forced to leaue in the mountaines of Velate and Leysondo part of their artillerie the which was drawne to Pampelone with great pompe in the castle of which citie there are many peeces to bee seene at this day By reason of which prowesse and good seruice the king besides many exemptions and priuiledges Armes of the prouince of Guipuscoa added to the Armes of the prouince of Guipuscoa the twelue peeces of ordnance or in a field of azure the which it carries at this day The duke of Nagera hauing brought his armie backe to Logrogne the duke of Alua remained Viceroy of Nauarre which realme he brought all vnder the obedience of king Ferdinand except the castle of Moya which held long for the kings of Nauarre who were expelled vnder a pretext of schisme as we haue said Vpon the same occasion D. Bernardin of Carâ—ajal Castille cardinall of Saint Croix and bishop of Siguensa was deposed by the Councell of Latran from all Ecclesiasticall dignitie and to his bishopricke D. Frederic of Porâ—gal bishop of Segobia was preferred to Segobia D. Diego of Ribera bishop of Majorca and to that doctor Roderigo of Mercado Abbot of Saint Martha borne at Ognate who was afterwards bishop of Auila and President of the Chauncerie of Granado 2 During the warre of Nauarre king Ferdinand sent a new supplie of men into Italie with the commaunder Solis and was in a maner resolued to send the great captaine thither had not the counsell of some enuious diuerted him The French affaires declining there the duke of Ferrara who in all their actions had assisted them found himselfe in great danger to be depriued of his estate and expelled by the Pope his deadly enemie to preuent the which and to purchase vnto himselfe friends and fauour he set Fabrieâ—o Colonne his prisoner at libertie without ransome by whose meanes with the embassador of Spaine and others he obtained a safe conduct with the which he went to Rome to treat of his affaires but he could not make his peace with the Pope being obstinately bent to dispossesse him of Ferrara and to vnite the citie to the estate of the Church offering him in recompence the countie of Ast Pope Iulioes hatred to the duke of Ferrara which he held not but maintained that it was of the patrimonie of the Church so as Fabricio Colonne and the rest who
had assured his comming to Rome were forced to put themselues in armes to warrant him and to conduct him to a place of safetie whereof there followed great hatred betwixt the Pope and the Colonnois And king Ferdinand was no lesse displeased at these violent proceedings of the Pope for he had a particular affection vnto duke Alphonso his kinsman borne of a daughter to king Ferdinand the first of Naples But to make an end of that which had beene concluded by the league that is to 〈◊〉 the French out of Italie and out of the world if they could D. Raymond of Gardona Viceroy of Naples who since the battell of Rauenna had beene in his gouernement returned this yeare with his armie about Bolonia to continue the warre But the Pope and the Venetians finding themselues seised of a good part of that which they pretended refused to furnish money for the entertainment of his armie as had beene agreed by the treatie of the league so as there grew a great mutinie in the campe among the souldiers for want of pay and the Viceroy was forced to retire with great danger of his person to Modena where he found meanes to recouer some money with the which he returned and kept his souldiers together who began to disband At that time there being a day appoynted at Mantoua to consult of the affaires of the warre the Viceroy of Naples came thither with deputies from the Pope Emperor Venetians and Suisses There it was concluded That they should put Maximilian Sforce sonne to Lewis Sforce in possession of the duchie of Milan And moreouer it was propounded to assaile the Florentines who were friends and allied to the Crowne of France as wel for this cause as to restore the familie of Medicis expelled out of that commonweale to their goods and honours the which the Pope did presse much in fauour of cardinall Iohn of Medicis his legate and others of that familie This was the Viceroyes first taske after his returne to the armie to lead it into the estate of Florence from whom he tooke the town of Prato where there were slain aboue two thousand men of the Florentines part Estate of Florence vexed by the Viceroy of Naples and many taken Whereat the citie of Florence being amazed and their Councell vnprouided of forces and meanes to resist they yeelded to the restitution of the Medicis and to whatsoeuer the Viceroy would impose vpon them For besides the summes of money which they payed for the entertainment of the Spanish armie and another summe vnto the Emperour they made a league with king Ferdinand promising to entertaine two hundred men at armes in the armie of the league and yet the people were depriued of a good part of their libertie by the cardinall of Medicis who created magistrats and officers at his pleasure These exploits being done in the Florentines countrey the Viceroy led his armie to Bresse which the Venetians did besiege so as the lord of Aubigny was out of hope to be able to keepe it this Spanish armie hauing so great a fame for that it had humbled so powerfull a commonweale as that of Florence and therefore he did capitulate with the Viceroy of Naples although the Venetians had layed the siege and yeelded it vpon condition to depart himselfe and his men free with their armes and baggage their colours flying and without artillerie After the taking of Bresse the bishop of Gurcensis embassadour for the Emperour came to Rome whereas he of Spaine laboured much to reconcile the Emperour and the Venetians there remaining no difference but onely for the citie of Vincence This embassadour did also seeke to reconcile the Pope with the Colonnois League made against the Venetians with whom he was much displeased for the duke of Ferraraes cause Yet there was a new league made betwixt the Pope and the Emperour against the Venetians approued by the Councell of Latra◠leauing a place for king Ferdinand to enter The reason of this league was for that the Venetians would not yeeld to certaine conditions which the Pope propounded vnto them King Ferdinands doubt herein was that the Venetians would joyne with the French king if they were too much prest wherfore his embassadour fauoured them what he could The comming of Maximilian Sforce to Verona caused the bishop of Gurcensis to part from Rome to establish him in the Emperours name in the duchie of Milan whither he conducted him hauing found him at Cremona with the Viceroy D. Raymond of Cardona The duke much desired by the Milanois was receiued there with great joy The cardinal of Sion presented him the keies in the Suisses name who would haue the honour of his restoring Notwithstanding the league newly made against the Venetians the Pope had a great desire to ruine the duke of Ferrara to preuent the which the embassadour of Spaine by commaundement from his king did all good offices and vsed all the meanes he could And this was one of the chiefe causes why king Ferdinand would not please the Pope and enter into the league Notwithstanding the duke shewing himselfe vngratefull no man knowes vpon what reason procured a scandalous and horrible attempt against him Iugratitude of the duke of Ferrara pretended by the Spaniards as the Spaniards write persuading D. Ferdinand of Arragon duke of Calabria sonne to king Frederic and conspiring with him to depriue him of his life There was a certaine monke who was messenger from the duke of Ferrara to him of Calabria who had also for negotiator on his part Philip Copula sonne to the earle of Sarno whose head king Ferdinand of Naples had caused to be striken off This Copula had made some voyages into France and treated with king Lewis to giue a retreat and meanes in his realme to the duke of Calabria being then in the Catholike kings Court at Logrogne and should haue saued himselfe in the French armie Conspiracie againg king Ferdinand which was about Pampelone hauing resolued first to set fire on certaine powder that was hidden in the kings lodging But God would not suffer so wicked a practise to take effect The matter being discouered Copula was quartered and D. Ferdinand duke of Calabria was sent prisoner to the castle of Xatiua neere vnto Valencia where hee remained aboue ten yeares vntill that the Emperour Charles pardoned him and set him at libertie Hereupon king Ferdinand conceiued so great a hatred against the duke of Ferrara as hee commaunded the Viceroy of Naples to ayd the Pope with his armie or any other thing hee had without any respect to the pretended pay The Venetians seeing the Pope and Emperour leagued together to annoy them and that the Emperour would not giue eare to the Catholike kings embassadour who did still persuade him to make a peace with their commonwealth and to take a summe of money in the place of Vincence they joyned with the French king who had not wholly forgotten
and the French king again the Emperour 11 Mets besieged by the Emperour 12 Afrique a towne in the realme of Tunes taken by the Spaniards 13 Birth of Henrie of Bourbon king of France and Nauarre 14 Birth of D. Sebastian future king of Portugal 15 Mariage of D. Philip and Marie queene of England 16 Death of queene Ioane the Emperours mother 17 Death of Henrie of Albret king of Nauarre 18 The Emperor Charles giues ouer the gouernment to his sonne and retires into Spaine 19 Truce for fiue yeares betwixt France and Spaine soone broken 20 Mariage betwixt king Philip and Elizabeth of France and a peace concluded 21 Death of the Emperour Charles the fifth 22 Death of D. Iohn king of Portugal 23 Persecutions in Spaine for religion 24 Spaniards defeated in the island of Gelâ—es or Zerbi by the Turkes 25 End of the Councell of Trent 26 New bishop in the Netherlands 27 Contention betwixt the French and the Spanish for Precedence 28 Oraâ— defended and Pegnon de Veles taken by the Spaniards 29 Malta besieged by the Turkes releeued by the armie of Spaine 30 Enteruiew betwixt Charles the French king and Elizabeth his sister queene of Spaine 31 The Viceroy of Sicile in disgrace The Realmes of Castille Leon Arragon and Nauarre remaine vnited in D. Philip the second Portugal by the death of the King D. Iohn is gouerned by Queene Katherine his widow and the Cardinall D. Henrie during the Infancie of D. Sebastian 1 THis yeare 1545 the Emperour had two seuerall aduertisements the one of great joy and content Birth of prince Charls of Spain the other of much sorrow and heauinesse He had newes That the prince D. Philip had his first son born in Vailledolit the ninth of Iuly who at his Christening was called Charls at the which there were great solemne feasts prepared but within three dayes after all was turned into mourning and heauinesse by a strange accident for the princesse Marie the young childs mother died for that as they sayed she had eaten something disorderly contrarie to the state wherein she was which happened by the negligence of the duchesse of Alua and the wife of Couos the high Chauncellor to whom the care of her being committed they absented themselues a little being desirous to see a certaine sight Death of Marie of Portugal wife to D. Philip so as at their returne they found her dead or dying The prince felt that force which is vsuall at the losse of so deere a person yet bearing it with that constancie that was fit for his royall mind but the loue hee bare her being a princesse of singular vertues made him to retire himselfe for a time Shee was much lamented and wanted of all men for her great bountie and charitie She was honoured with a â—oyall funerall pompe her bodie remained for a time in Saint Paules church in that towne in the custodie of the Dominican Friers vntill that it was carried to the royall chappell of Granado D. Philip had this sorrow increased soone after with a new griefe for the death of D. Iohn of Tauera Cardinall and Archbishop of Toledo vnder whose wise gouernement he had beene bred vp from his infancie so as he loued and respected him much The Emperour Charles hauing concluded a peace with the French king he presently began to imbrace the affaires of Germanie which were in combustion by reason of religion since the preaching and writing of Luthar against the Pope to whom some princes of that nation and many townes did adhere Which controuersie many graue and religious men did beleeue might haue beene easily reconciled by the Emperours onely authoritie being assisted by the Estates and Princes of the Empire without crauing any other helpe But according to the common opinion this prince and the Popes were possest with one humor to rule absolutely the Popes aspiring to bee sole Iudges in matters concerning religion and Charles aspiring to the like soueraigne power in temporall things depending of the Imperiall function and not to gouerne himselfe by a certaine necessitie according to the aduice of the assemblies of the Estates which they call Diets by the which hee thought hee was kept in awe 2 Pope Paul and he concurring in one designe 1546 made a league the six and twentieth of Iune 1546 League betwixt the Pope and Emperour by the negotiation of the Councell of Trent and they concluded to pursue the Councell of Trent published the yeare before and begun in December and for that the Protestants did not allow of it nor would not submit themselues vnto it it was said the Emperour should force them by armes and if he entred into any treatie of peace with them hee should not doe any thing to the prejudice of the Church of Rome That the Pope should consigne an hundred thousand crownes at Venice besides an hundred thousand which he had alreadie consigned to be imployed in this warre That he should moreouer entertaine twelue thousand foot and fiue hundred light horse for six monethes ouer the which he should appoint a Legat colonels and captaines That the Emperour might for this warre take the one halfe of the reuenues of the Clergie and sell of abbie lands to the value of fiue hundred thousand crownes And if any prince should seeke to hinder their resolution they should joyne their forces together to resist him This was at such time as the Councell began whereas they made preparation for warre against the Protestants both in Germanie Spaine and Italie the Emperours designe extending faâ—ther for his 〈◊〉 was as it appeared since and was not then vnknowne That after that he had 〈◊〉 the Protestants Designe of the Emperour against Germanie which made the greatest power of Germanie he would subiect the Estates of the Empire to his will that he might keepe the Empire in his familie and make it hereditarie And to giue some proofe of this absolute power which he did affect he had made a truce with the Turke the better to attend this warre without taking the 〈…〉 those princes and States who had contributed great suâ—â—es of money to raâ—se an armie against that common enemie of Christendome The Protestants had long before made a declaration That they tooke the Pope and Sea of Rome for the◠〈◊〉 partie and therefore they would not haue him for Iudge accusing him of impietie saeriledge false doctrine and of vsurpation ouer the magistrats appointed by God and of many other crimes They offered to giue vndoubted proofes to a free Councell lawfully called were it generall or nationall in Germanie They complained That the Emperour had often put them in hope but now they saw themselues frustrat yea that contrarie to the decree of the last Diet of Spier and Wormes where it was concluded That to prepare the way to so holy an assembly there should be a conference of Doctors and men of State of either part which should bring in writing the
the rereward and on their flankes they had other troupes of horse And for that they were in some doubt of the French which were at Tiuoli they sent some troupes of horse and foot on the right hand to stay the enemie if they should haue any notice of their enterprise Hee then sent aboue three hundred before with ladders and other instruments to climbe vp and to breake open gates if need were that being brought by some neere way neere vnto Port Maior they might giue a sudden assault and being seconded by some horse which were neere them they might enter the Citie and keepe a port vntill that the rest of the armie arriued The order was that they should present themselues vnto the wall about the seuenth houre of the night but there falling a small continuall raine the waies were so broken as being constrained to take a longer course it was breake of day before they arriued so as being discouered by some of the Countrimen they aduertised them of the citie which made them retyre speedily leauing their ladders against the walles and many cloakes wherewith they had couered themselues from the raine yea and some armes but the slackenesse of the enemie in the pursute was the cause that there were not aboue fiue and twentie or thirtie taken Cardinall Caraffy had intelligence by the Secretary Placidi when he came from the viceroy that the armie began to rise whereupon hee doubted they would assaile Rome or Tiuoli and take the French vnprouided so as hee gaue them warning ouer night and hee himselfe not making it knowne to the Romanes in whom he had no great confidence wachâ— all night with the duke and was in armes doubling the sentinels wheras they most doubted the enemie Ascanio de la Corne who commanded the horse that went to second the 300 foot seeing the lights about the wall and the gards in a readines held the enterprise to be discouered And to confirme this opinion foure light horsemen went forth earelie to get some bootie they thinking by reason of the darkenesse of the night the number to be greater and that they had laied an ambush whereupon they retired The duke of Alba comming neere vnto Rome and seeing his men had not done any thing thought that they stood readie within to receiue them And for that he vnderstood by certaine spies that Strossy had led foure hundred Horse and twelue companies of Gascons the euening before out of Tiuoli it confirmed him in his beleefe that they were entred into Rome Rome in danger to be sackt hauing notice of the Spaniards comming wherupon he caused the armie to retire to Colonna from whence it came without doubt if hee had but attempted it Rome had beene taken and sackt The citie was so ill garded as a lesser armie would haue forced it for that the Romanes were enemies to the Caraffi for the wrongs they thought they had receiued of them and of the souldiers that were within the citie of the which the Gascons did not spare their goods nor honors the Germans enemies to the Pope spoiled the church altars The Pope considering of these things lamenting the miseries of the time being forced to countenance and not to punish those wretches who called themselues defenders in name but in effect were destroiers of that miserable citie beganne to bee fully resolued to peace and the rather for that hee did visibly see the danger wherein hee was being certified that the Citizens of Rome had resolued that if the duke of Alba returned they would send to capitulate with him and open him the gates vpon honest conditions The duke of Guise and Peter Strossy entred into Rome after this tumult who talking with the Pope aduised him to accommodate himselfe vnto the time as wisemen doe commonly They laied before him the vnfortunate losse of the French king whereby there was no hope of any greater succours and that hee should remaine without a Generall for that hee was to returne speedily into Fraunce which would bee no small preiudice vnto him for that his Nephewes who were to gouerne the warre were of small experience neither would they beleeue them that vnderstood more in that art but intreated them ill keeping backe their entertainment so as seeing his holinesse without money and without Captaines they did not thinke the warre could continue long wherefore they counselled him to make the speediest and best accord he could with the king of Spaine The Pope gaue an attentiue eare to the free speeches of these Noblemen and resolued to make an end of the peoples miseries wherefore he called the embassadour of Venice vnto him intreating him to goe and informe that Senate of the estate of things and to exhort them in his name to make some good accord with the imperials After manie treaties in the end a Peace was concluded by the Cardinals of Santafiori and Vitelli and afterwards by Caraffa and the duke of Alba who met together at Caui And so by either of them hauing full authoritie from the Pope and the king of Spaine the following accord was published the 14 day of September 1 That the Pope should receiue from the duke of Alba in the name of the king of Spaine Peace betwixt the Pope and the king of Spaine the submissions that were necessarie to obtaine pardon from his Holinesse but afterwards the Catholike king should send a man expresly to that end And so his Holinesse should receiue the king into fauour as an obedient Sonne admitting him to all the graces of the holy church like vnto other Christian Princes 2 That the Pope should renounce the league contracted with the French king and remaine a Neuter louing them both equally as his Sonnes 3 That his Maiestie should cause the townes and Cities demanteled which had beene taken and held since the beginning of the warre to bee restored if they did in any sort belong vnto the Apostolike sea 4 That the ordnance taken on either part in that warre should be restored 5 That his Holinesse and his Maiestie should forgiue all offences that had beene done them and remit all spiritiuall and temporall punishments graunting them a gerall pardon with restitution of their honors dignities faculties and iurisdictions wherof they had beene depriued in regard of that warre From the which were excepted Marc Antonio Colonna Ascanio de la Corgna and other rebels the Popes vassals who should remaine in the same censure and disgrace during the Popes pleasure 6 That Paliano should bee deliuered into the hands of Iohn Bernardino Carbone sonne to the Popes Cousin but faithfull to both parties deliuering the fort as it was at that time and that the said Carbone should sweare fealtie to the pope and king of Spaine and to obserue the articles concluded betwixt the Cardinall Caraffa and the duke of Alba hee hauing the gard of Paliano with eight hundred foot which should bee paied equally by the Pope and king Besides
for that he was of great force hee was reuerenced among his people almost like a Pope among the Christians wherefore it seemed hee might helpe much in this enterprise against this famous pyrat if as hee had made offer he would shew himselfe fauourable Valette being incouraged by his offers hee began to treat with the duke of Medina Celi then Viceroy of Sicile and afterwards in the Court of Spaine Tripoli besieged by the Christians by the Commaunder Guimarano his embassadour At the first there was some difficultie the king being in warre against France but a peace concluded hee resolued to attempt the enterprise of Tripoli sending Guimarano with his resolution and letters of Commission to them that should haue the execution thereof Hee carried letters to prince Doria That hee should with all speed make readie the armie being now mid Iune who being verie old and vnable to beare armes gaue the charge thereof to Iohn Andrew Doria being his lieutenant writing vnto him into Sicile The duke of Sessa had commission in the State of Milan to make readie two thousand Spaniards for that seruice and Aluaro de Sandy to go thither in person with the footmen that were vnder his charge within the realme and with the two thousand Spaniards The Viceroy of Naples had order to send two thousand Spaniards of the regiments of that realme and the Viceroy of Sicile had the title of Generall in this action Guimarano hauing performed all these Commissions in the end hee came to Messina the seuenteenth day of Iulie Euerie man was carefull to execute his Commission and the great Master to whom the king had giuen the chiefe care to manage this enterprise with discretion and to assist it both with his counsell and force laboured by all meanes to get the armie forth that they might performe some worthie action before Autumne But they had so many crosses as the nauie could not possibly get out of the port of Sarragosse in Sicile before the first day of December There were leuied for this enterprise by Sandy in the State of Milan besides those men aboue mentioned two thousand fiue hundred Italians all old souldiers and three Companies of Germans which had remained there since the last warre commaunded by Stephen Leoparti and so all these souldiers were sent to Genoua to imbarke where they had many difficulties and the Spaniards mutined so as Sandy and Lorenzo Figueroa had some difficultie to pacifie them with foure payes then putting them into certaine ships the fift of October they went to Messina Of the two thousand Spaniards out of the realme of Naples the Viceroy would giue but fiue hundred hee fearing to leaue that coast without a good gard for that the Turkes armie being fourescore sayles was then at Velona breeding a doubt in the Christians where this tempest would fall But in effect it was by Solyman to keepe our men from the enterprise of Barbarie for that the great Master hauing some monethes before sent two foists into Africke to discouer one of them was taken by Dragut whereby he vnderstood the Catholike kings preparations and his designes so as hauing but fiue hundred men in Tripoli hee suddenly hyred to the number of two thousand Turkes and Moores writing thereof to Constantinople whereupon hee resolued to send forth this fleet Moreouer there were leuied within the realme twelue Companies of Italians In Sicile also there were twelue Companies among the which as in those of Naples there were many banished men who were fierce and warlike but verie mutinous All these men being aboue thirteene thousand were commaunded by valiant captaines Number of Christian Armie going to Tripoli Iohn Andrew Gonzago sonne to Fernanda was Colonell of the Italian foot leuied in the State of Milan and Marshall of the campe to all the Italians that went in that action Luigi Osorio was master of the campe to the Spaniards of Sicile Bernard Aldana was master of the ordnance whereof they carried great store both for field and batterie Peter Velasques was Commissarie generall of the armie and the Commaunder Charles Iesiers was Colonell of fiue hundred harquebusiers sent by the great Master beside foure hundred valiant knights in the gallies of that Order There were in Sicile of gallies three from the Church whereof the charge was giuen by the Colledge of cardinals the Sea being voyd vnto Flaminio of Anguillara thirteene of Iohn Andrew Dorias payed by the king seuen of the realme of Naples gouerned by Sancio Lieua tenne of Sicile commaunded by Berlinghery Requesâ—ns foure from the duke of Florence vnder Nicholus Gentile fiue of the Order of Malta and one galliot fiue of Anthonie Dorias commaunded by his sonne Scipione two of Bandinellâ— Saule To these were added two galliots of the duke of Medina Celi the Generall one of Lewis Osorioes and one of Frederic Staues so as they were in all foure and fiftie besides eight and twentie great ships of the which Iohn Andrew Gonzaga was Generall two galleons one of Malta the other of Cicala with fiue and thirtie brigantines and fregates so as they reckoned in all an hundred and nineteene vessels They carried great store of munition for the warre and victuals to feed 30000 men foure monethes There was some difficultie to imbarke the Spaniards of Sicile mutined for that there were many monethes pay due vnto them but Fernando de Sylua marquesse of Fauara being left lieutenant by the duke satisfied them with two monethes pay Going from Messina to Sarragosse in October they stayed there many daies by reason of the contrarie winds Their long stay there did much prejudice them for it not onely bred a sickenesse among them whereof there died aboue two thousand but also many fled away especially of the Sicilians The first of December the gallies parted from Sarragosse with great hope of a prosperous voyage the ships sayling towards Cap passe ro being towards night with an intent to goe to Secci di Palo who hauing left the ships behind and a contrarie wind blowing in the morning they were forced to returne againe into Sarragosse The gallies fearing if the contrarie windes should grow great it would breed them great danger in this long voyage being much before the ships they resolued to get to Malta Here the gallies with the Generall in them and other men of account were honourably entertained by the great Master for some dayes the winds being still contrarie to their intended voyage It was then resolued that two and twentie gallies should returne into Sicile to bring the ships to Malta most of which arriued after some difficultie Fiue of them stayed vntill the fift of Ianuarie and three vnto the twelfth among which was the galleon of Cicala which running to Cap passero was there spoyled by the Sicilian souldiers that were in her who killing their commaunders fled away The like happened vnto a ship which carried Sicilians also of the which Vincentio Castagnuola was captaine who was not
should haue the fift of all the spoyles but they made him bad reckonings The commander of Castille came in the end to the road of Velez Malaga with such Spanish foot as he could bring out of Italie and did presently inuest Pegnon de Fregiliana there were some good Captaines with him D. Pedro and D. Martin de Padilla D. Iohn de Cardenas brother to the Earle of Miranda D. Pedro de Zuniga with others The Moores which were lodged there in a manner without armes defended themselues notwithstanding couragiously and at the first assault slue Pedro de Sandoual and foure hundred souldiers and wounded double the number but the Spaniards continuing their assaults with great obstinacie in the end they forced it Pegnon of Fregiliana taken by the great Commander and of foure thousand Moores that were within the place there were neere two thousand slaine the rest escaped casting themselues desperately downe the rockes and many women with them leaping downe the precipices like goates hauing their infants tied at their backes There were women slaine in these combats which made head against the assaylants as couragiously as if they had beene old souldiers There was also found within the fort three thousand â—oules old men women and children with much cattel and great store of bootie The riuer of Almansora is also a good and fertill countrie but the Moores which dwek there had not rebelled vntil that they were forced by the insolency of the souldiers who sought nothing else but to make them disobedient by some opposition or defence against their insolencies and villâ—ines Insolencie of the Spaniards makes the Moores reuolt This riuer takes its beginning from a fountaine called Fuen 〈◊〉 and falles into the Sea a league from Vera Veles Rubio and Veles 〈◊〉 are in this Countrie which is great and hath many habitations bordering vpon Basa on the North side it hath the Sea vpon the South 〈◊〉 of old Castles and strong by situation There entred into this Countrie in Iune foure thousand Moores of the rebels to countenance them that would reuolt and to root out the rest First they came to Porcena where they found not any Christians of the inhabitants for being aduertised by a certaine Priest they were fled away Ierome 〈◊〉 and Hâ—â—on of Cueillar assailed the Castle of Seron which did belong to the Marquesse of Villena this place that of Oria and las Cueuas had held good all the rest being reuolted Seâ—on being beseeged D. Anthonie Henriques brother to the Lord of that place attempted to relieue it with fiue hundred foot and sixtie horse but hee was chased away 〈◊〉 taken by the Moores lost two hundred men vpon the place and 〈◊〉 in rout In this charge the Moores got great store of armes whereof they had good need Diego de 〈◊〉 who was Captaine of the place went forth to seeke succours but he was taken the which being knowne to the beseeged they yeelded to the Moores who slue one hundred and fiftie men that were within it and made eightie women slaues D. Iohn de Austriâ— furnished Veles and Oria and gaue the charge to D. Iohn de Hâ—ro And for that they were out of doubt that the Moores which inhabited in the Albayzin Moores put out of Granado and other parts of the citie gaue intelligence to them that made warre in the Alpuxarres and other places they put them out of the Towne the three and twentieth of Iune All were gathered together in the royall Hospitall which is a great building made by Queene Isabell of Castille without the citie and there a Register was taken of their houses goods which they left to their great greef for they were very well lodged being men of means and they were despersed into Andalusia the which bred a great confusion in their affaires Aben 〈◊〉 came neere vnto Almerie threatning to beseege it he made many skirmishes about it towards Saâ—obregna but he had not one peece of Ordnance Hee wrote vnto D. Iohn of Austria intreating him to send him his father his brother who were prisoners in Granado and in a manner threatning him but he did not much regard it To hasten the Turkes succours without the which no enterprise could succeed well hee sent Ferdinand Hâ—baqui to Alger whereas Vluccialy made a proclamation that all men that would might goe freely to this warre and many presenting themselues hee staied them to carrie them to Tunis Turkes comes to succour the Moores in Spaine Yet hee pardoned all malefactors and banished men and of this sort of people Habaqui ledde foure hundred Harquebuziers with him vnder the commaund of a Turke called Hoscein and of a brother of his who imbarked in eight foists laden with munition and armes Hâ—scein who was an aduâ—â—turing Souldier cunning and politike visited the riuers of Almansora and of 〈◊〉 Sierra Filabres and all the Alpuxarres hee found meanes also to enter into the Citie of Granado hee was at Guadix and at Basa without discouerie and then returned into Barbarie laden with presents for hee promised to goe to Constantinople to make report vnto his Lord what hee had seene of the oppressions and miseries of the Moores in Spaine Aben Hâ—mâ—ia had a designe vpon the towne of Vera being commodious for the Turkes descent but it was releeued by them of Basa He ouerranne the Countrie burnt Cueuas and spoyled the gardins of the Marquesse de Velez Lord of that place hauing aboue ten thousand men in his traine But whilest he doth these exploits with more presumption and vanitie to his own then hurt to the enemie seeking his pleasures without respect of person letting them know that his will was a Lawe certeine Captaines were offended therewith whereof hee that was most incensed was Diego Alguazil whose cousin Aben 〈◊〉 held by force for his Concubine both hee and the rest calling to minde the manie cruelties which hee had committed namely the murther of Michel 〈◊〉 his father-in law of Raphael Arcos and other Moores of name whereupon they conspired to kill him and to doe it with more colour they published certaine â—etters which hee had written to D. Alfonso de Granado and other negoliators of a peace the which they had kept and opened accusing him that hee would abandon the Moores and betray them They did also counterfeit a letter in his name directed to Aben Aboo commaunding him to kill the Captaine of the Turkes that were come out of Barbarie to his succours vpon certaine counterfeit reasons they shewed this letter vnto the Turkes whereat Aben Aboâ— was amazed who thought verily that hee had written them whereat the whole company being incensed they went to Andarax where hee was with his Concubine Death of king Aben Humeia who was acquainted with this plot there they tooke him and strangled him publishing in an assemblie of the Captaines the causes of this execution the which they disguised in such sort as it was allowed by them
burne him He alwaies protested that his designes in warre and his exercises in peace did onely tend to the aduancement of Religion The last words he pronounced with his last gaspe were That he died a Catholike He respected the Pope as hee that carried the keies of heauen in his hand the prince of the Church and Gods Lieutenant generall ouer mens soules The Popes respected him as the chiefe supporter of the peace and vnion of the Church Piâ—â— 5. did so terme him when they made the league against the Turke and his successour Gregorie 13 answered him that caused his health to be prayed for at Rome My life imports the Church little the which after me may haue a better Pope Recommend the king of Spaines health vnto God for it is necessarie for all Christendome And he himselfe held his assistance necessarie for the affaires of Christians for being sicke and the Phisitian doubting to let him bloud by reason of his weakenesse Feare not said he to let me bloud Speech of the king of Spaine the estate of Gods Church permits not that I should die of this disease nor of this bloud letting Euerie man knowes in what credit hee was in the Consistorie to haue his intention approued and likewise in the Conclaue for the election of Popes Hee held Rome by the lâ—aire and the throat This is spoken for the pensions of Cardinals which are at the deuotion of Spaine being in his power to famish it refusing the commodities which they may draw at need out of his estates which inuiron it As he honoured the Pope so did hee much esteeme the Prelates of the Church and had a great care to preferre men of vertue and merit to ecclesiasticall dignities There was a great controuersie betwixt the archbishop of Valencia and the Viceroy to know to whome they should first present the Pax and the Censor the which hee ended commanding that hee that presented vnto his Maiestie should giue it first vnto the archbishop thinking that the honor that he did vnto Gods Ministers was an infinit glory vnto him and that a prince should affect no other commendation than the care and zeale of Religion when it is without dissembling or hypocrisie Hee did witnesse his zeale and passion in the seeking out of many râ—likes of Saints especially to haue the body of Saint Eugenius Bishop of Toledo His curiositie to find out â—elikes hauing to that end sent embassadors expresly to king Charles the ninth and to the Queene Mother who granted it contrarie to the aduice of the Cardinall of Lorraine Abbot of Saint Denis hee went to receiue it at Toledo and caused it to bee conducted to the Escuriall How much did he spend for the canonizing of Frier Diego of Alcala of the order of Saint Francis and of Frier Raymond of Pegnafort a Iacobin famous among learned men for that he gathered the decreâ—ales into one bodie and throughout all Spaine for that hee past like another Elizeus vpon his cloake from Majorca to Barcelona and that which is very rare in our age refused the Archbishopricke of Tarragone Wee find not any now that hide themselues in caues from spirituall dignities or that out off their nose and eares to make themselues incapable of church preferments which requires sound bodies and sanctified soules No affaires could interrupt him in the course of his deuotion and we in the relations of Antoniâ— Perez that hee did often referre the care of businesse to another day when he was preparing of his conscience or among his Monkes at the Escuriall He went bare headed in the procession of the Sacrament and being on that day at Cordoua some one did aduertise him En este dia no haze mal â—t Sol. that the Sunne was offensiue to whom he aunswered That the Sunne that day would doe him no harme Being a religious prince he loued no new religions He neuer receiued the Capuchiâ—s They of his house haue built many colledges of Iesuites in diuers places at Vienna in Austria at Tumant in Hungarie at Prague in Bohemia at Hal at Grats at Munch at Inspruke and he alone of his house is dead without any memorie of his bountie towards them Speaking against that great multitude of religions and the increase of regular Orders hee said That they should reduce the new to the auncient and maintaine those in the first integritie of their institution and that it was to be feared the world would abound more in religious Orders than in pietie Hee vsed them of Saint Dominicke in his confessions and in his other deuotions the Ieronimits to whom he gaue that rich temple of the Escuriall He did so respect Dominicke de Chaâ—es his Confessor as he caused him to be visited in his cell by the President of Castille when he was in doubt of any point of conscience or of penance He had a Councell of conscience for the direction of his enterprises Councell of conscience This Councell hath often drawne him out of many difficulties and hath freed him from the bond of his promises The historie of Portugall doth furnish a memorable example The duke of Ossuna and D. Christopher de Mora had promised mountaines of gold to them that should be opposit to D. Antonio and should fauour the kings right to the Crowne of Portugall He being expelled these men demaunded the effects of those promises and that their bills should be discharged The king commaunded that all should bee sent to the table of conscience Aduice of the king of Spaines Councell of conscience The Iudges payed them with this sentence Seeing that king Philip is heire to the realme of Portugall the petitioners could not compound for his right for money gifts or promises and haue deserued death for that they did not willingly yeeld it vnto him If the realme did belong to Antonio they could not then deliuer it And therefore king Philip is no way bound to performe those promises which his embassadors and agents had made vnto the petitioners But vsing his clemencie and mercie he freed them from the paine of death which they had vpon this occasion deserued As for his justice King of Spainâ— a seuere iusticer the example of his son is sufficient to shew his rigor It is true that in many actioÌ„s he hath proceeded more by his absolute power than by the ordinarie course These great motions cannot alwayes be ruled by the ordinarie formes nor subiect themselues to the judgement of reason nor to humane discourse Yet hee protested being neere his end That he had not done wrong nor injustice to any one but through ignorance or false impression It is an act of justice in a prince to suffer them to tell him of the vnjust actions of his gouernement It is true that it cannot be tearmed an act of justice to haue made his creditors so often to loose that which they had lent him nor to reduce the 18 millions of gold which
Master of Malta had contributed The Venetians would not infringe the peace they had with the great Turke and yet they prouided for all things necessarie for their defence both by sea and land if any did quarrell with them The enterprise was iust and worthy of the first stratagems of a Prince who desires to begin his raigne by some worthy act Enterprise iust but not blest of heauen the opportunity of doing well being so fauourable as if Christendome could haue made her profit by the diuision which was then in Mahomets estate by the mutinies of the Ianisaries and the reuolts in Asia they might in shew haue aduanced the accomplishment of that prophecy whereof the Turkes doe not speake but with sighes That by the common armes of the Christians they shall be rooted from the face of the earth This armie being imbarked they came in the beginning of Iuly to Naples to make prouision of great store of armes and a good number of Petards which made the world thinke that hee would both arme some of the Turkes subiects which were ready to reuolt and that he had intelligence in some place to surprise it suddenly And for that footmen are alwaies weake if they bee not seconded by some horse they made prouision also of fifteene hundred or two thousand armors for horsemen The Venetians seeing them bend their course towards Messina entred into new apprehensions that if they attempted any thing in Albania they should bee troubled in their gulphe but being come to Trepany which is the promontarie of Sicile next to Afrike they were freed from this feare Hauing past the Ilands of Baleares they then thought it was for Alger But Cigala of Sicile was come from Constantinople with fifty gallies to crosse his designes and to watch him vpon his retreat being loth to fight at one instant against the Christians and against the Moores their slaues and rebels for it was giuen out that the Christian army should be assisted with eight or ten thousand Moores and some Christians Wherefore Cigala had drawne all them that dwelt along the Sea-coast and might fauour this army into the Towne and did shut vp aboue tenne thousand slaues in caues tyed with double chaines and straitly garded There was great hope of good successe of this enterprise and the Spaniards said that the King would giue good testimony of his affection to Christendome Prince Doria the better to fauour this designe had intreated the great Master of Malta in the king of Spaines name to send some gallies to spoile in the Leuant seas and to make a diuersion of the Turkes forces and to aduertise him of their course They were verie fortunate in the designe for passing into Morea with fiue gallies Beauregard a French knight had commandement to set a Petard to the gate of Chasteauneuf Chasteauneuf in Morea taken by the knights of Malta which the Turkes call Passana and in the meane time some other knights should attempt it by Scalado on the other side As nothing is easie to cowards so the valiant find nothing difficult where they entred with such furie as they forced the second Port and yet it was valiantly defended by seuen or eight hundred Turkes where they tooke many slaues cloyed their ordnance spoyled and burnt the Town and countrie about it and returned with speed The Sea armie of Spaine recouered the coast of Afrike but both men at land and windes at Sea were banded against it God would not blesse this enterprise although it were iust and holie the reasons remaine in the Register of his justice and infinit wisdome against the which wee may not murmure as the Romanes did against the conduct and gouernment of their gods when as they saw that Pompey doing nothing according vnto justice was fauoured with their assistence and when as he fought for their laws and countrie yea for the gods themselues he was most vnfortunate Prince Doria seeing that both heauen earth and sea did crosse his designes resolued to retire and not attempt any thing The Prince of Parma did serue as a voluntarie in this army who grieuing to see this great armie returne without any imployment desiring rather to erre in iudgement than in the greatnesse of his courage told Prince Doria That hee should not suffer so goodlie an armie to returne without some attempt Prince of Parmas speech to Prince Doria the which had done nothing but incense a mightie enemy who to bee reuenged of a dead enterprise ready for execution Prince Dorias answere 〈…〉 would seeke to annoy the king of Spaine in all his estates To whome the old man made this presen◠answere I know my charge my head is growne white in learning this experience Your excellencie is accomptable vnto the king my lord but for your pike onely and I for a whole army wherein although I haue beene vnfortunate yet will I not that other parts belonging to my charge as courage authoritie and experience shall faile mee or that any shall obiect vnto me that I haue erred therein A gallant and worthy answere to tech a yong Prince how great soeuer hee bee in an armie that hee must onely studie to obey and not to lead and commaund which was the Generalls charge So Prince Doria hauing discharged his armie went towards Genoua chosing rather to giue them cause to speake disgracefully of his retreat than to haue attempted an impossible enterprise in vaine The Popes Gallies attended the Prince of Parma at Barcelona who was gone into Spaine to kisse the king of Spaines hands Those of the great duke of Tuscany went to Genoua and from thence to Liuorne Most of the Souldiers came and lodged in the duchie of Milan to the vtter ruine of the Countrie Policie of the earle of Fuentes But the Earle of Fuentes who neuer forceth the people when hee can persuade them found an inuention to make this burthen sweet and supportable Hee sought to drawe their commerce by water from Milan to Pauia and caused them to digge Trenches to bring the Riuers together which are betwixt those Townes The people seeing commodities that might well recompence their losses with aduantage seasoned the remembrance of their present harme with the hope of so great a good Many haue attempted the like but in vaine who in the end haue beene forced to giue ouer the worke and to leaue the world as it was made The Emperour Charlemaigne sought to ioyne the Riuer of Rhin to the Danowe and the Morelle to the Rhin to the end the French might traffike by water throughout all Europe and to this end hee caused great and deepe Trenches to bee made but finding lets not fore-seene nor thought off they remained vnprofitable and filled of themselues And the Earle of Fuentes incounters great difficulties in this designe which did frustrate their worke and renewed the peoples complaints when as they sawe themselues surcharged with the ruines of this last Ship-wracke and that the