Language Lawes Conditions or any other thing one like to an other yet he held them all in such good order that they never fell to sedition amongst themselves or against their General And here we must leave him till he be drawn into Africk by Scipio P. Cornelius Scipio having Conquered Spain returned home to Rome where he made suit for the Honour of a Triumph which was denied him because he only had the place of a Proconsul Yet to make him amends they chose him Consul together with P. Licinius Crassus who being High Priest also might not go far som the City as being to attend the matters of their Superstition which made well for Scipio who was desirous to be sent into Africk to transfer the War thither Some there were of the Senators especially Q. Fabius Maximus that opposed him therein yet at length he obtained to have the Isle of Sicily for his Province with leave to passe into Africk if he found it expedient The Treasury at Rome being extreamly exhausted no mony was given to Scipio neither was he allowed to presse Souldiers for his African Voyage But the People made up the backwardnesse of the Senate with their forwardnesse For besides his Roman Souldiers he had about seven thousand Voluntaries that came to him from sundry parts of Italy Severall Towns also furnished him with Corn Iron Handmils and all other necessaries so that having his Navy in readinesse he transported his Army into Sicily where he found besides other Forces two gallant Legions of old Souldiers that had served at Cannae For encreasing his number of Horse he pressed three hundred young and rich Gentlemen of Sicily and then discharged them again upon condition that they should deliver their Horse and Armes to as many Roman Gentlemen whom he had brought along with him for the same purpose Then did Scipio imploy Laelius into Africk rather to make discovery than to do any thing who yet took a great Booty and struck no little terrour into the Carthaginians who saw their affaires now to be upon the tearmes of change He also procured King Massanissa to revolt from the Carthaginians and to joyn with the Romans Then did Scipio embark his Army for Africk where he landed neer the Faire Promontory and presently after encamped before Vtica The Carthaginians at this time had no Captain of note in their City nor a better Army than of raw Souldiers that were levied in hast Asdrubal the Son of Gesco that was lately chased out of Spain by Scipio was their best man of War But before he was ready to take the Field Scipio had beaten the Troop of Cathaginian Horse that were sent to impead his landing and slaine Hanno their Captain he had also sacked one of their Towns and taken eight thousand Prisoners and sent them into Sicily He took also Salva which he fortified Then passed he to Vtica and besieged it fourty dayes with all sorts of Engines but prevailed not By this time Asdrubal had gotten thirty thousand Foot and three thousand Horse but all raw Souldiers and King Syphax brought to their help fifty Thousand Foot and ten Thousand Horse with which they marched bravely towards Scipio who thereupon left the Siege and encamped upon the Shore in a place of advantage which he strongly fortified and Winter drawing on Mussanissa brought in great store of Corn Cattel and other Provisions to him Asdrubal and Syphax encamped neer unto him their Souldiers covered their Huts with Mats and Reeds and dry Boughs and being held in hand about a treaty of peace they grew remisse and carlesse in keeping their Guard which Scipio being informed of took his oportunity in the night to set their Camps on fire and in the confusion slew and took Prisoners most of them Yet did the Carthaginians make shift to raise another Army of neer thirty thousand reckoning in Syphax and his men and four thousand Spaniards Mercenaries that were lately come to them Scipio went to meet them and another Battel was fought and the Victory easily obtained by Scipio against those raw and untrained men Thus Scipio became Master of the Field and took in diverse Cities and sent Massanissa and Laelius after Syphax into his Kingdom whom they beat again took him Prisoner and partly by fair meanes and partly by foule became Masters of most of his Kingdom which Scipio bestowed upon Massanissa And this was the first time that the Romans took upon them to make Kings The Carthaginians were extreamly dismayed when they heard this newes and for the calamity which had befaln their good Friend Syphax and when they understood that Massanissa their immortall enemy had gotten possession of his Kingdom This made them send forth Ambassadours to Scipio to make suit for Peace When these came into Scipios presence they basely prostrated themselves on the ground and kissed his Feet and made as unworthy a Speech beseeching him to passe by their offences and to grant them Peace Scipio knew well in what a poor case Rome then was and how unable to defray the charge of the War if it should be continued and therefore he was willing to grant them Peace upon these conditions That they should render up all the Prisoners and all their Renigadoes and slaves That they should withdraw their Armies out of Italy and Gaul That they should not meddle with Spain nor with any Islands betwixt Italy and Africk That they should deliver up all their Ships of War save twenty That they should pay him a great summe of Money with some hundred thousand Bushels of Wheat and Barley All these they assented to whereupon he granted them a Truce that they might send their Ambassadors to the Sanate of Rome But the truth was they desired only to get time till Hannibal might come back in whom they reposed all their confidence And therefore they took occasion to pick new quarrels with the Romans which they were the rather encouraged to hearing newes that Hannibal was already landed in Africk by whose meanes they hoped either to drive the Romans out of Africk or to procure better tearms of Peace Hannibal departed out of Italy no lesse passionate then men are wont to be when they leave their own Countries to go into Exile He looked back to the shore accusing both Gods and men and cursing his own dulnesse in that he had not led his Army from Cannae hot and bloudied as it was to the Walls of Rome Arriving in Africk he disembarked his Army at Leptis almost one hundred miles from Carthage He was ill provided of Horse which he could not easily transport out of Italy From thence he passed through the inland Country gathering Friends by the way Tychaeus a Numidian Prince that had the best Horses he allured to joyn with him and one Mezetallus an other Prince brought him a thousand Horse The Carthagians in the mean time neglected to make those preparations that would
Pelopidas did so lift up and encourage the Thebans that they became more famous than 〈…〉 were before The year following Artaxerxes King of Persia intending to make War against Aegypt and therein to intertain diverse strangers laboured to make Peace amongst the Grecians in hope that they being at Peace amongst themselves would be the more willing to have Souldiers leavied amongst them For which end he sent Ambassadours to all the Townes of Greece to preswade and intreat them to be at Peace amongst themselves The Greeks were very willing to harken hereto being wearied on all sides with such long Wars and so were easily drawn to make Peace wherein it was especially agreed and concluded that all the Cities of Greece should be free and use their own Lawes and Commissioners were sent abroad to withdraw all the Garrisons where any were kept Unto this the Thebans only refused to agree that every Town should severally capitulate for it requesting that the Towns in the Country of Boeotia should be comprehended under the City of Thebes but the Athenians mightily opposed themselves against this and Calistratus one of their Orators made a notable Oration about it before all the States of Greece Epaminondas on the contrary made an excellent and vehement speech in defence of the right of the Thebans insomuch as this controversy was left undecided and the Treaty of Peace was universally agreed to amongst all the other Grecians the Thebans only excepted who were not comprised in it At this time the Athenians and Lacedemonians who had long contended amongst themselves about the Principality of Greece now agreed that the one should command by Sea and the other by Land And therefore they could not endure that the Thebans should aspire to be chief which made them seek to dismember the other Towns of Boeotia from them the rather for that the Thebans being strong and lusty of Body and much encouraged by their late Victories over the Lacedemonians would now contend with them for their superiority having a wonderfull confidence in the Wisdom and Prowesse of their Captaines especially of Epaminondas Matters resting thus doubtfull the Citizens of Plataees a Town of Boeotia were desirous to enter into League with the Athenians promising that if they would send them Souldiers they would put the Town into their hands But the Governours of Boeotia having intelligence of it and being desirous to prevent the Athenians brought a party of Souldiers against it who came before Plataees before the Citizens heard any newes of them so that part of them were surprised in the Field by the Horsmen and the rest fled into the Town where having no aid they were faign to accept of such tearmes as it pleased the Thebans to grant them which were presently to depart the Town with bag and baggage and never to returne again into the Country of Boeotia Then did they raze the City to the ground and saked the Town of Thespies which also was at enmity with them The Ambassadours of Persia again solicited the Greeks to a Generall Peace and Commissioners from every Town were to meet at Sparta about it Epaminondas was yet scarce known having laboured to conceal himself and in all his exploits of War had ever preferred the advancement of his great Friend and Companion in Armes Pelopidas before himself He was now chosen by the Thebans to go to Sparta where finding that the other Commissioners did much comply with Agesilaus he spake boldly and plainly not only in behalf of the Thebans but for all Greece also making it evident to all that War still encreased the greatnesse of Sparta only which kept all the other Towns of Greece under He therefore advised them to establish a firme Peace which would last the longer when all comprized in it should be equals Agesilaus perceiving all the Commissioners to be very attentive to and well pleased with this speech he asked him aloud if he thought it just and equal that all Boeotia should be set at liberty Epaminondas resently and boldly asked him if he thought it not also iust and reasonable that all Laconia should be set at liberty Thereupon Agesilaus in great anger stood up and commanded him to answer plainly if they should not restore all the Towns in Boeotia to their Liberty and Epaminondas answered him as before This so displeased Agesilaus who had an old grudge to the Thebans that immediatly he put their Name out of the List of those that should be comprized within the Treaty of Peace and proclaimed open War against them and now there was no remedy but the Thebans must bear the whole brunt alone for there was no one Town that durst send them any aid because they were all sworn to the Peace insomuch as all judged them to be utterly undone Friends pittied there estate and their enemies rejoyced verily believing that they could never stand before the Lacedemonians Then did the Lacedemonians send King Cleombrotus with an Army towards Thebes who being come neer to Chaeronea with ten thousand Foot and a thousand Horse he pitched his Camp there staying for his Allies The Thebans being informed of the approach of the enemy chose Epaminondas to be their Captain Generall giving him the charge of this War with six other Counsellers to be assisting to him Now there came Oracles to Thebes from all parts some promising Victory and others threatening their overthrow and Epaminondas commanded them to set those on the right hand of the chaire for Orations that promised Victory and the other on the left hand which being so disposed of he gat up into the chaire and said to his Citizens If you will be obedient to your Captains and valiant against your enemies these Oraoles on the right hand belong to you But if through faintness of heart ye refuse dangers those on the left hand shall be your Portion Then did he list the Names of all the Thebans which were able to bear Armes and chose out of some parts of Boeotia such as he thought fittest for the Wars His Presence exceedingly cheered up his Army and all the time that he was Captain the Thebans never saw in their Campany of those which they call sudden feares He used to say that there was no Death more honest and desirable than to die in the Wars and that the body of a Souldier should be hardened to endure any labour or paines He could not abide fat men and therefore cashired a whole Company of them as unprofitable burdens in his Army He had in all but six thousand fighting men and as they marched forwards they met with some unlucky signes as many esteemed them but he valued them not thinking that a resolution to fight in a good cause ought to be much stronger and of more force to raise up in him good Hope than these evill signes that appeared to make him fear the worst As he was marching towards the Lacedemonians they heard it Thunder and
by the fall of some Towers whereat a hot assault was given But it was so gallantly defended by the besieged that the Carthaginians were not only beaten from the breach and out of some ground within the City which in the first fury they had wan but they were pursued even to their own Trenches and Camp Yet at length the Carthaginian Army wherein were one hundred and fifty thousand men did so tire out the Townsmen by their continuall Allarms that at length it gat into the Town and had been Masters of it but that they were hindred by some Counter-works which the Besieged had raised In this extreamity there was one Alcon that came out of the City to treat with Hannibal who would give no other tearmes but these hard ones That they should deliver up to him all the Gold Silver and Plate and other Riches which they had in the City That the Citizens should leave the City and take up such other habitations as he should appoint them neither should they carry any more out with them save the cloaths on their backs These tearmes seemed so unreasonable to Alcon that he durst not returne into the City to propound them to the Citizens Yet might they far better have submitted thereto how hard soever because thereby they might have saved their lives and the honour of their wives and Daughters whereas the City being shortly after taken by storm they saw their Wives and Daughters defloured before their faces and all put to the Sword that were above fourteen years of age The Treasures found in Saguntum which were very great Hannibal reserved therewith to pay his Army The Slaves and other booty he divided amongst his Souldiers reserving some choise things wherewith to present his Friends at Carthage to encourage them to the War This news exceedingly vexed the Romanes being angry at their own slownesse to send help to Saguntum which held out eight moneths looking still for succour but in vain Then did the Romanes send Ambassadors to Carthage to demand whether this act were done by their consents or whether it were Hannibals presumption alone If they granted the former they were to give them defiance Answer was made them in the Senate of Carthage by one of the Senators to this effect That by this Message the Commonwealth of Carthage was urged to plead Guilty or not Guilt That it belonged to them to call their own Commanders in question and to punish them according to their faults but to the Romanes to challenge them if they had done any thing contrary to their late League and Covenant It s true said this Speaker that in our negotiations with Luctatius your Ambassador the Allies of both Nations were comprehended but the Saguntines were not then your Allies and therefore no parties to the Peace then made For of your Allies for the future or of ours there was no question As for the last agreement between you and Asdrubal wherein you will say that the Saguntines were comprehended it s you that have taught us how to answer that particular For whatsoever you found in the Treaty between us and Luctatius to your disadvantage you said it was his presumption as promising those things for which he had no Commission from your Senate If then it be lawfull for you to disavow the Actions of your Ambassadors and Commanders concluding any thing without precise Warrant from you the same liberty may we also assume and hold our selves no way bound in honour to performe the contract that Asdrubal made for us without our Command and Consent In conclusion the Carthaginian Senate moved the Romane Ambassadors to tell them plainly the purposses of those that sent them whereupon Q. Fabius gathering up the skirt of his Gown as if somthing had been in the hollow thereof made this short reply I have herein my Gown-skirt both Peace and War Make you my Masters of the Senate election which you will have All answered even which of them you have a fancy to offer us Then quoth Fabius take War and share it amongst you Which all the Assembly willingly accepted War being thus proclaimed Hannibal resolved not to put up his Sword which he had drawn against the Saguntines till he had therewith opened his passage to the Gates of Rome So began the second Punick War indeed second to none that ever the People of Rome met with Hannibal wintered at Carthagâ—na giving license to his Spanish Soldiers to visit their Friends and refresh themselves against the Spring In the mean while he gave Instructions to his Brother Asdrubal for the Government of Spain in his absence He also took order to send many Troops of Spaniards into Africk to supply the roomes of those Affricans which he had drawn into Spain as also that the one Nation might remain as Pledges for the other He selected also four thousand Foot all young men and Persons of quallity out of the best Citties of Spain which were to be Garisoned in Carthage it self not so much to strengthen it as that they might serve for Hostages He also left with his Brother to guard the Costs and Ports fifty seven Gallies whereof thirty seven were ready Armed Of Africans and other Nations strangers he left with him above twelve thousand Foot and two thousand Horse besides one and twenty Elephants Having thus taken order for the defence of Spain and Africk he sent some to discover the Passages of the Pyrenaean Mountaines that part Spain from France and of the Alps that part France from Italy He sent Ambassadors to the inhabitants of the Pyrenes and to the Gauls to obtain a quiet passage that he might bring his Army intire into Italy These being returned with good satisfaction In the begining of the Spring he passed over the River of Iberus with an Army of ninety Thousand Foot and twelve Thousand Horse All those parts of Spain which had not before been entered he now subdued and appointed one Hanno to Governe Spain on the East side of Iberus with whom he left ten Thousand Foot and one thousand Horse When he came to the borders of Spain some of his Spanish Soldiers returned home without asking leave which that others also might not attempt he courteously dismissed such as were willing to be gone Hereby the Journey seemed the lesse tedious to such as accompanied him voluntarily With the rest of his Army consisting now but of fifty Thousand Foot and nine Thousand Horse he passed the Pyrenes and entered into Gaul now France But he found the Gauls bounding upon Spain ready in Armes to forbid his entrance into their Country but with gentle Speech and rich Presents which he sent to their Leaders he wan them to favour his expedition So without any other molestation he came to the Banks of Rhodanus where dwelt on each side of the River a People called Volcae These being unacquainted with the cause of his coming sought to stop his passage over the
All that thou sees't and readest is Divine Learning thus vs'd is water turn'd to wine Well may wee then despaire to draw his minde View heere the case i' th Booke the Jewell finde THE LIFE DEATH OF HANNIBAL THE GREAT CAPTAIN OF THE CARTHAGINIANS Who maintained Wars against all the power of ROME for eighteen years together in ITALY AS ALSO The LIFE and DEATH of EPAMINONDAS the GREAT CAPTAIN of the THEBANS Who was famous both for his Virtues and Valour By SA CLARKE sometime Pastor in St Bennet Finck London LONDON Printed for William Miller at the Guilded Acorn in St Pauls Church-yard near the little North Door 1665. THE LIFE DEATH OF HANNIBAL the Great CARTHAGINIAN CAPTAIN Who maintained Wars in ITALY against the ROMAMS for eighteen years together By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pastor in St Bennet Finck London LONDON Printed for William Miller at the Sign of the Guilded-Acorn in St. Pauls Churchyard near the little North door 1665. Licensed Roger L'estrange October 20. 1664. THE LIFE DEATH OF HANNIBAL THE GREAT HAnnibal the Son of Amilcar was about tweenty six years old when he was chosen Generall of the Carthaginian Forces in Spain He was elected by the Army as soon as Asdrubal their late Generall was dead and the election was approved and confirmed by the Senate of Carthage wherewith Hanno and his faction was nothing pleased This was now the third of the Barchine Famely so called of Amilcar whose surname was Barcas that commanded in chief over the men of War Hanno therefore and his Partizans being neither able to tax the Virtue of their enemies nor to perform the like services to the Common-wealth had nothing left whereby to value themselves excepting the generall reprehensions of War and cautelous advise of not provoking the Romans but they were little regarded For the Carthaginians saw apparently that the Oath of the Romans to the Articles of Peace was like to hold no longer than till the Romans could find some good advantage to renew the War It was therefore rather desired by the Carthaginians that whilst they were in a fit condition the War should begin rather than in some unhappy time of Famine or Pestilence or after some great losse in their Army or Fleet they should be driven to yeild to the impudent demands of their insulting enemies This disposition of his Citizens Hannibal well enough understood Neither was he ignorant that in making War with the Romans it was no small advantage to get the start of them Could he but bring his Army into Italy he hoped to find Friends and assistance even from those People that helped to encrease the Armies of the Romans But his design must be carried privately or else it would be prevented He resolved therefore to lay Siege to Saguntum in Spain where he now was with his Army which might seem not greatly to concern the Romans and would highly please the Carthaginians Having resolved hereupon neverthelesse he went orderly to work beginning with those that lay next in his way First therefore he entered into the Territory of the Olâ—ades and besieging Althaea in a few dayes he became Master not only of it but of all the other Townes in their Country and the Winter coming on he rested his Army in New Carthage or Carthagena imparting liberally to his Souldiers of the Spoiles that he had gotten in his late Conquests In the Spring he made War upon the Vaccâ—i and with little difficulty wan first Salamanca and after it Arbucala though not without a long Seige and much difficulty But in his return he was put to the height both of his Valour and Prudence For all such of the Vaâ—caei that could bear Armes being made desperate by the Spoile of their Country with diverse others that had escaped in the late overthrow joyning with the Toletans made up an Army of one hundred thousand able men waiting for Hannibal on the Banks of the River Tagus They knew that he was very adventurous and had never turned his back upon any enemy and therefore hoped that having him at such an advantage they should easily have foiled him But at this time our Great man of War knew as well how to dissemble his Courage as at other times to make good use of it For he withdrew himself from the River side as seeming fearfull to passe over it aiming thereby to draw over that great multitude from their Banks of advantage The Spaniards as Hannibal expected and desired thinking that he retreated out of feare thrust themselves in a disordered manner into the River to pursue him But when Hannibal saw them well neare over he turned back his Elephants to antertain them at their landing and thrust his Horsemen both above and beneath them into the River who by the advantage of their weapons slew almost all of those in the River without resistance and then pursued the rest who being amazed fled and so he made a very great slaughter of them The Saguntines perceiving the storme drawing near to them hastened their Ambassadours to Rome who complained that they were like to be undone onely for their Friendship to the Romans This so moved the Senate that some would have War presently proclaimed both by Sea and Land and the two Consuls sent with Armies one into Spain the other into Affrick But others went more soberly to work according to the Roman gravity whereby it was concluded that Ambassadours should be sent into Spain to view the State of their Confederates These Ambassadours found Hannibal at Carthagena where they had Conference with him who carried himself so reservedly that they departed as doubtfull as they came But whilst they were passing to and fro Hannibal prepared not only his Forces but some Roman pretences against Saguntum For the Tudetani who were neighbours to the Saguntines complained to him of sundry wrongs that they had received from them of Saguntum Probably Hannibal himself had hatched some of them Having therefore such an occasion he sat down with his whole Army before Saguntum The Romanes were glad of the Quarrel as hoping that Carthage with all belonging thereto would in short space become their own Yet were they not hasty to threaten before they were ready to strike but meant to temporize untill they had an Army in readinesse to be sent into Spain where they intended to make Saguntum the seat of War In the beginning of Hannibals Siege his Carthaginians were much discouraged by reason of the brave Sallies which the Saguntines made upon them in one of which Hannibal himself received a dangerous wound in the thigh that made him unable to stir for many dayes Yet in the meantime he was not unmindfull of his businesse but gave order to build certain movable Towers that might equall those upon the City walls and to prepare to batter the Curtaines and to make a breach These being finished and applied had soon wrought their desired effect A large breach was made
water But he was greatly assisted by those of Vivarets and Lionois for though many of them had transported themselves and their goods into Daulphine thinking to defend the Banks against him yet such as remained being willing to free their Country from such unwelcome Guests they helped him to make Boats informed him of a better passage higher up the River and sent him Guides When his Boats were ready he sent Hanno the Son of Bomilcar up the River to the Foard and himself in the mean time made a shew of entering the Foard below that Hanno charging the Gauls on their own side and himself at the same time passing the River in their faces might win the further Bank which was done accordingly though with some difficulty and thereby the enemies were dispersed Having passed this first brunt and overcome both the rage of the River and those that defended it he was visited by the Princes of the Cisalpine-Gauls that inhabited Piemont and Milan who had lately revolted from the Romanes These informed him that the passage over the Alps was not so difficult as report made it and gave him Guides with many other encouragements Yet found he himself extreamly encombred by the Savoyards and lost more of his Carriages and Carthaginians than he could well spare For he was twice strongly assaulted by them before he could recover the plaines on the other side He was fifteen dayes passing over the Alps wherein besides the trouble of his enemies he was much assaulted by foule weather and Snow it being now the begining of Winter But the fair and fertile plaines which they now were entring into with the assistance and encouragment of the Cisalpine Gauls gave them much comfort having nothing else of difficulty remaining but that which from the begining they made account to overcome by their proper valour and resolution namely the Romane Armies and resistance The Romane Ambassadours who had denounced War at Carthage in their return homewards took Spain in their way with a purpose to draw into their Alliance as many Cities and Princes as they could The first that they attempted were the Volcians from whom they received this answer that they would never joyn with them who had forsaken the Saguntines in their greatest need and that themselves had found the Cathaginians such good neighbours that they meant still to adhere to them From Spain the Ambassadours passed through Gaul perswading them not to suffer Hannibal to passe through their Countery and gloried much in their own strength But the Gauls laughed them to scorn and had scarce patience to hear them speak Telling them that they meant not to set their own Houses on Fire to save the Romanes from burning That the Carthaginians had never offended them as the Romanes had done who had already forced some of them out of their habitations and made others Tributaries who were as free as themselves With these unpleasing answers the Ambassadours returned home carrying no good newes of friends like to help them but rather that the Gauls intended to take part with their enemies And accordingly when the Cisalpine-Gauls heard that the Carthaginians had passed Iberus and were marching towards Rome the Bâ—ij and Insubrians rose up against the Romans Their quarrel was the late planting of Roman Colonies at Câ—emona and Placentia within their Territories Relying therefore upon the Carthaginian succour which they thought to be at hand laying aside all regard of those Hostages that they had lately given to the Romans they fell upon those Colonies The Towns they could not win but they forced the Romane Comissioners which were abroad to fly into Modena where they besieged them But the Gauls having little skill in besieging Cities grew weary and were desirous of Peace This they did on purpose to draw on some meeting that laying hands on the Romane Deputies they might with them redeem their Hostages and it fell out in part according to their wish For Ambassadours comming to them from Rome to treat with them they made them Prisoners Manlius the Praetor hearing of this outrage marched with his Army to relieve the besieged But the Gauls laid an Ambush in his way that falling upon him utterly routed him and slew most of his Army except a few that escaped into a defensible place upon the River Po. This being heard of at Rome C. Atilius the other Praetor hasted with an other Army to relieve the besieged But as the Gauls were too hasty so the Romans were too slow in the begining of this War For they could not believe that Carthage which had almost servilely endured so many indignities from them in the late peace durst be so bold on a suddain as to attempt the Conquest of Italy itself Wherefore they appointed one of their Consuls to make War in Spain and the other in Africk Titus Sempronius went into Africk with one hundred and sixty Gallies of five to an Oare which preparations seemed to threaten Carthage her self P. Cornelius Scipio the other Consul hasted towards Spain and by the way touching at Massilia he was there informed that Hannibal had passed the River Rhodanus whom he had thought to have found busy in Spain Hannibal also heard of the Consuls arrivall with whom he meant to have nothing to do Yet both sent forth Scouts Hannibal sent out five hundred Numidians and Scipio three hundred of his best Horse They met and fought and the Romans had the better of it But when Scipio drew neer thinking to have meâ— with the Carthaginians he found that they were gone three dayes before with an intent to see the Walls of Rome Scipio hereupon sent his Brother Cn. Cornelius Scipio into Spain with the greatest part of the Army against Asdrubal and himself with the choisest returned baâ—k and landing at Pisa he marched through Tuscany and Lumbardy where he drew together the broken Bands of Manlius and Atilius who were lately beaten by the Gauls intending therewith to oppose the enemy thinking to find them tired with their long Journey Five moneths Hannibal had spent in that tedious march from Carthagena When he had passed Rhodanus he had in his Army but thirty eight thousand Foot and eight thousand Horse the rest having perished with Diseases Enemies Rivers and Mountaines Having newly passed the Alps and scarce refreshed his wearied Army in Piemont he sought the friendship of the Taurini who being at this time in War with the Insubrians his good Friends the Taurini refused it whereupon he besieged their chiefe Town and in three dayes wan it the spoil whereof did much incourage his Army and the others Calamity terrified their Neighbours Most of those parts would willingly have joyned with Hannibal but when the Consul Scipio came amongst them they began to be better advised This wavering affection amongst the People made the Generals to hasten to a Battel Their meeting was aâ— Tieâ—nunâ— now Pavia where each of them wondred at the others expedition The
man whose name is Mago and therewith he fell a laughing which all the Souldiers also took for a good Omen In this great day the Carthaginian excelled himself expressing abundance of Military skill and of greâ—tnesse of spirit and courage He so marshalled his Army that all hands were brought to fight where every one might do the best service His Darters and Slingers he sent before to encounter the Roman Velites His Africans Armed after the Roman manner made the two Wings very deep in File Between these he ranged the Gauls and Spaniards armed the first with broad Swords and the other with short and well-pointed Blades The Gauls were strong of Body and furious in giving the Charge but soon wearied spending their violence at the first brunt The Spaniards were lesse eager but more wary These Hannibal caused to advance leaving void the place wherein they had stood and into which they might fall back if they were over-hardly pressed Between the left Batallion by the River side were the Gauls and Spanish Horse under Asdrubal On the right Wing was Maharbal with the Numidian Horse Hannibal himself with his Brother Mago led the Rear His Army this day was ten Thousand Horse and fourty Thousand Foot His enemies had two to one against him in Foot and he five to three against them in Horse The Roman Army was marshalled after their usuall manner On the right hand were the Roman Horsemen under the Consul Paulus On the left Wing was Varâ—o with the rest of the Horse which were of the Latines and other associates and Servilius had the leading of the Battel The Sun was newly risen and offended neither part the Carthaginians having their faces Northward and the Romans Southward After some light Skirmishes between the two Forlorns Asdrubal brake in upon the Consul Paulus and after a rough charge and much execution done the Roman Horse were overborn and driven by plain force to a staggering recoil When the Battels came to joyning the Roman Legionaries found work enough and more than enough to break that Body upon which at first they fell yet at last Hannibals men were forced to a hasty retreat But whilst the Legions following their supposed Victory rushed on upon those that stood before them and thereby engaged themselves deeply within the principal strength of the enemy the two African Battalions on either side advanced so far that getting beyond the Rear of them they almost wholly inclosed them Asdrubal having broken the Troops of the Roman Horse followed them along upon the River side beating downe and killing most of them without regard of taking Prisoners The Consul Paulus left his Horse and cast himself amongst the Legions as hoping by them to make good the day But he failed of his expectation Yet did he cheer up his men as well as he could both by Words and Example slaying many with his own hands The like did Hannibal amongst his Carthaginians in the same part of the Battel but with better successe For the Consul received a blow from a Sling that wounded him much and though a Troop of Roman Gentlemen did their best to save him from further harm yet was he so hardly laid at that by wounds and weaknesse he was compelled to forsake his Horse whereupon all his company also allighted Hannibal being near and seeing this said pleasantly I had rather he would have delivered them to me bound hand and foot meaning that he had them almost as safe as if they had been so bound All this while Varro with his associates in the left Wing was marvelously troubled with Maharbal and his Numidians who beating up and down upon the great Sandy plain raised a foul dust which by a strong South wind was driven into the eyes and mouths of the Romans These using the advantage both of their number and lightnesse wearied the Consul and his followers exceedingly neither giving nor sustaining any charge but continually making offers and then wheeling about Yet at the first they seemed to promise him a happy day of it For when the Battels were even ready to joyn five hundred of these Numidians came pricking away from their fellows with their Shieldes on their backs as was the manner of those which yeilded and throwing down their Armes yielded themselves Varro had no leasure then to examine them but bad them to rest quietly behind his Army till all was done These crafty marchchants did as he bad them for a while till they had oportunity to put their designe in execution Under their Jackets they had short Swords and Poniards with which and other weapons that they gathered up of those that were slaine they flew upon the hindmost of the Romans whilst all eyes were bent another way where they did much mischief and raised great terrour Thus Hannibal in a plain ground found meanes to lay an Ambush at the back of his enemies The last blow that put an end to all was given by the same hand that gave the first Asdrubal having routed and slain all the Roman Horse save the company of Aemilius that joyned themselves to the Foot did not stay to charge upon the face of the Legions but fetching a compasse he came up to the Numidians with whom he joyned and gave upon Terentius This fearfull cloud prognosticated a dismal storme wherefore Terentius his followers having wearied themselves much in doing little and seeing more work towards than they were like to sustain thought it their safest not how to use a Victory and God had otherwise determined When Hannibal had sacked the Roman Camps and trused up the spoils he dislodged and marched away to Samnium finding a disposition in many People thereabouts to forsake the Romans and to make aliance with him The first Town that opened their Gates to him was Cossag where he laid up his Baggage and leaving his Brother Mago to take in other pâ—aces he hastened into Campania He dismissed all his Prisoners that were not Romans without ransome whereby he won the affections of most of the Common People in Italy to incline to him He also gave leave to his Roman Prisoners to send to Rome to procure their ransome with whom he sent Carthalâ— the General of his Horse to see how Rome stood affected to peace The Senate commanded Carthalâ— to depart out of their Territories and refused to redeem their Prisoners probably because they wanted Mony wherewithall to do it Campania is a most pleasant and fruitfull Country and Capua the chief City in it rich and wealthy the Citizens despised now the unfortunate virtue of the Romans and sent Ambassadours to Hannibal with whom these Articles were agreed upon That the Campans should be absolutly free and Governed by their own Lawes That no Citizens of theirs should be subject to any Carthaginian Magistrate in War or Peace and that Hannibal should deliver to the Campans three hundred Roman Prisoners such as themselves should choose whom they might exchange for their Gentlemen
Corinthians in a set Battel and beat them home even to the Gates of their City Yea some of his men were so unadvised trusting to their own valour that they entered the Gates of their City pel mel with those that fled which put the Corinthians into such a terrible fear that they ran with all speed possible to shelter themselves in their Houses But Chabrias making head beat them out again and slew some whereupon he caused a token of Triumph to be set up as if he had given the Thebans an overthrow for which Epaminondas laughed him to scorn The Boeotians brought their Army as neer unto Corinth as they could and Chabrias with his Army encamped without the Walls in a very strong Place of advantage and there were many Skirmishes betwixt them in which Chabrias behaved himself with such Valour that he gained great reputation even of Epaminondas himself who upon a time being asked whom he thought to be the Greatest Captain himself Chabrias or Iphicrates It s hard said he to judge whilst we are all alive Newes was brought to him that the Athenians had again sent an Army into Poloponnesus furnished with new Armor Indeed this Army consisted of ten thousand Spaniards and Gauls whom Dyonisius the Tyrant sent out of Sicily to aide the Lacedemâ—nians having paid them for five moneths they did some reasonable service in this War and at the end of Summer returned home again It fell out in these last encounters that Epaminondas having forced the Lacedemonians that guarded the fortification before mentioned had many of them in his power to have slain them but he contented himself only with this Glory that in dispite of them he had entered into Peloponnesus seeking to do them no more hurt which gave occasion to those that envied his Glory to blame him and to accuse him of Treason as having willingly spared the enemies because they should in particular thank him only But here it will not be improper to take notice how he behaved himself amongst his Citizens and how wisely he defended his own Integrity Amongst all those that envied his Glory and virtue there was one Meneclides an Orator and an eloquent man but with all most wicked and very malicious He finding that Epaminondas won so much honour by the Wars never left perswading the Thebans to embrace Peace and prefer it before War and that because hereby they should not alwayes live under the obedience and command of one man But Epaminondas one day told him in the open Counsel Thou wilt said he deceive the Thebans whilst thou advisest them to leave the Wars and highly commending ease and Peace thou goest about to put iron bolts upon their feet For War begets Peace which yet cannot hold long but amongst them that know how to maintain it with the Sword Then turning himself to the Citizens he said If you will have the Principallity and command of all Greece you must shroud your selves in your Tents and lie in your Pavillions in the open Fields and not follow sports and Pastimes here at home For he knew well enough that the Boeotians undid themselves by ease and Idlenesse which made him endeavour continually to keep them in exercise and War Upon a time when the Thebans were to choose Captains they went about to choose Epaminondas one of the six counsellers whereupon he said to them My Masters pray you consider of it now you are at leasure before you choose me For I tell you plainly if I be chosen your Captain you must to the Wars He used to call the Country of Boeotia which was a plain and Champion Country the Stage of War saying that it was impossible to keep it unlesse the Inhabitants had their Targets on their Armes and their Swords in their hands and this was not because he did not love Peace and privacy to study Philosophy or that he was not more carefull of them that were under his charge than he was of himself using alwayes to watch and forbear his meat when the Thebans were at their Banquets and Feasts giving themselves over to their pleasures but because he knew them well enough and was never more carefull of any thing than to keep his Army from idlenesse Upon a time the Arcadians desired him that some of his Companies might come into one of their Towns to lie dry and warm there all the winter but he would by no means yeild to it For said he to his Souldiers now they see you exercising your selves in Arms they wonder at you as brave and valiant men but if they should see you at the fire side parching of Beans they would esteem no better of you than of themselves Neither could he endure Covetousness for if at sometimes he gave his men leave to go a freeâ—booting his meaning was that whatsoever they got should be bestowed in furnishing them with good Arms and if any went about to fill his Purse with money he judged him unworthy to be a Souldier Upon a time he understood that his Target-bearer had received a great summe of money for the ransome of a Prisoner whereupon he said to him Give me my Target and go thy wayes home and buy thee a Tavern wherein to spend the rest of thy life for I perceive thou wilt no more like an honest man put thy self in danger in the Wars as formerly thou hast done because now thou art grown rich and wealthy Though Epaminondas was thus virtuous and unblameable in his life yet the aforementioned Menectides would never cease contending and reproaching of him and one day he went so far as to upbraid him because he had no children and was not married and that he magnified himself more than ever King Agamemnon had done To this Epaminondas answered Thou hast nothing to do to counsel me to marry and in this respect there is never a man here whose advise I would less make use of than thine and this he spake because the other was taken notice of to be an Adulterer And whereas thou thinkest that I envy the fame and renown of Agamemnon thou art fowly deceived Yet let me tell thee that whereas he was ten years in winding one City I on the contrary by putting the Lacedemonians to flight in one day have delivered not onely our own City but all Greece from their slavery But thanks be to you My Lords Thebans speaking to all the Assembly by your assistance I did it and thereby overthrew the power and government of our insulting enemies Yet after all his brave deeds both he and Pelopidas were ill rewarded for all their good service by their ingratefull Citizens For at their return from Laconia they with some other of the six Counsellers were accused that after the time that their Government was expired they retained their power four months after the time appointed by the Law With much ado Pelopidas was quitted But Epaminondas willed all his other Companions to lay the fault upon
strait Then he asked who had the Victory The Boeotians answered the Target-bearer Then he commanded them to bring to him Diophantus and Jolidas they told him they were both dead Upon this he advised his Citizens to make Peace with their enemies for that they had not any Captain of skill to lead them to the Wars And now said he it is time for me to die and therefore pluck the Dart Head out of my Body At this word all his Friends that were about him fetched grievous sighs and even cryed out for sorrow and one of them weeping said unto him Alas Epaminondas Thou diest now and leavest no Children behind thee Yea said he that I do Eor I leave two faire Daughters behind me whereof the one is the Victory at Leuctres and the other this of Mantinea So they pulled out the Dart and immediatly he gave up the Ghost without shewing any signe that he was at all troubled at it He used often to say That War is the Bed of Honour amd that it is a sweet Death to dye for ones Country He was one of the bravest Captaines that ever we read of For whereas others excelled in some one or two Virtues by which they made their Fame great and glorious he excelled in all the Vertues and good Parts that could be desired in a Grave Politick and Great Captain to make him compleat in all things that could be expected in an Heathen In his time he advanced his Country to the Principality of all Greece But after his Death they soon lost it and not long after Alexander the Great utterly â—rake them in peices made slaves of those that survived and razed their City to the very ground Aâ— in hiâ— life time he had alwayes detested covetouâ—nâ—sse so after his Death the Thebans were faigne to bury him at the common charge of the City because they found no mony in his house to defray the least patt of the Funerall expences FINIS Courteous Reader be pleased to take notice that these Books following are Printed for and sold by William Miller at the 〈…〉 in St Pauls Church-yard near the little North Door HIckes Revelation Revealed Folio Clarkes Martyrology Compleat with the Persecutions of England to the end of Queen Maries Reign Folio Lives of ten Eminent Divines some being as follow Bishop Vsher Dr Gouge Dr Harris Mr Gataker Mr Whittaker c. and some other famous Christians Life of Christ 4º Life of Herod the Great 4º Life of Nebuchadnezzar and Cyrus the Great the one the first founder of the Baylonian Empir the other the first founder of the Empire of the Medes and Persians 4º Life of Alexander the Great the first founder of the Grecian Empire As also of Charles the Great commonly called Charlemagne the first founder of the French Empire 4º A Prospect of Hungary and Transylvania together with an account of the qualities of the Inhabitants the Commodities of the Countries the Chiefest Cities Towns and Strong-holds Rivers and Mountains with an Historycal Narration of the Wars amongst themselves and with the Turks continued to this year 1664. As also a Brief Description of Bohemia Austria Bavaria Steirmark Crâ—atia Dalmatia Moravia and other Adjacent Countries contained in a Map joyned therewith by which Map you may know which Places are in the Power of the Turk and which Christians have 4º Cradock's KNOWLEDGE and PRACTICE Or a Plain Discourse of the Chief Things necessary to be KNOWN BELIEVED and PRACTISED in Order to SALVATION 4º Ford of Baptism 8º Cotton on the Covenant of Grace 8º Culverwell of Assurance 8º Records Urinal of Physick 8º Ravins Oriental Grammer 12º Peacocks Visitation 12º Dr Tuckney's Good Day well Improved 12º Death Disarmed 12º Balm of Gilead 12º Clamor Sanguinis 12º Aristippâ—â— or Bâ—lsac's Master piece 12º 〈◊〉 Charles's Works 24º Hannibal chosen General He besieges and takes many Townes His Valour and Policy His Victory He besieges Saguntum Saguntum taken Roman Ambassadors sent to Carthage The Carthaginians answer War denounced by the Romanes Hannibal prepares for Italy He Conquers much of Spain His passage through France He is opposed His Victory in France Some Gauls incourage him He passeth the Alps. The Gauls rise aganst the Romans They besiege Modena The Romans send an Army into Spain Hannibals losses in his march Hannibal prepares to fight A Battel The Romans beaten The Gauls forsake the Romans Hannibal beates the Consul He wins Clastidium Hannibals Forragers beaten Another Battel The Romans beaten Hannibals Policy Treacheries against him His dangerous march The Romans beaten again· The Romans beaten Great feaâ— at Rome A Dictator chosen Fabius his warinesse Hannibals Policy Fabius his wisdom Hinnibals Stratagem Hannibal Forragers beaten Minutius made equall with Fabius A Battel The Romans beaten Cannae Castle taken Varro makes hast to fight They prepare to fight The great Battel at Cannae Hannibals Policy The Romans beaten Many Towns inertain Hannibal Capua intertains him The Romans mourn Their Superstition A Dictator chosen Hinnibal beaten Acerrae taken by Hannibal Cassiline besieged· Mago sent to Carthage Large supplies promised to Hannibal Diverse Cities taken The promised Supplies come not Gracchus his Prudence The Capuans beaten Cuma besieged The Siege raised Hannibal delaies A Battel The Carthaginians bâ—aten The Romans poverty how supplyed Cassilâ—ne taken by the Râ—mans Arpi taken by the Romans The Romans beaten Tarentumâ—ake â—ake by Hannibal The Carthaginians beaten Capua besieged by the Consuls The Seige raised by Hannibal The Romans beaten Another victoâ—y Capua besieged again Hannibal comes to relieve them Hannibal intends for Rome and leaves it Capua taken The Consuls cruelty The publick wants supplied Salapia yeilded to Marcellus The Romans beaten A Battel A Battel The Romans beaten Tarentum taken The Romans beaten Locry besieged The Romans beaten The Consuls slaine The Romans beaten Great fear at Rome Asdrubal comes into Italy A Battel Asdrubal slaine Hannibal retires into Brusia His Prudence Scipio coms from Spain· Is chosen Consul He goâ— into Sycily Sends inti Africk And goes himself Vtica besieged The Carthaginians beaten And a second time They sue for Peace They dealt deceitfully Hannibal leaves Italy Comes into Afrck. An interview of the Generals Hannibals Speech to Scipio Scipios reply They prepar to fight A Battel Hannibal beaten He flies to Carthage and perswades them to seek Peace His Civil imployment He is complained of to the Romans He flies from Carthage to Tyre· He goes to Antioccus His counsel neglected He flies to Prusias Who betrays him His last Speech He poisons himself His Parentage and Education His parts He exercises and studies His Discourse with a Phylosopher His contempt of Riches His Poverty His Charity His Sobriety His Vigilance His Valor Tyran's in Thebes His prudence The Tyrants slain His Modesty He is advanced to Honour The Spartans beaten A Battel The Spartans beaten Peace among the Greeks The Thebans are excepted Plataees destroyed Hiâ— wisdom And courage His Prudence Fat men cashired His Prudence And Policy A Battel The Spartans beaten His Humility He plunders Laconia He braves the Spartans Messina re-edified Pallene destroyed Peloponesus fortified He beates the Spartans His Clemency He is envied His prudence He is accused and abused Pelopidas imprison ed by a Tyrant His Policy His Prudence Pelopidas released His witty speeches His Humility Megalopelis built The Thebans build a Navy New Wars A notable atempt An other but frustrated A Battel He is deadly woundâ—d The Spartans beaten His advice to the Thebans His death His character Hâ—s poverty