politic_a moral_a and_o martial_a discourse_n write_a in_o french_a by_o m._n jaques_n hurault_n lord_n of_o vieul_n and_o of_o marais_n and_o one_o of_o the_o french_a king_n privy_a council_n dedicate_v by_o the_o author_n to_o the_o french-king_n majesty_n and_o translate_v into_o english_a by_o arthur_n golding_n london_n print_v by_o adam_n islip_n 1595._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a his_o singular_a good_a lord_n william_n lord_n cobham_n l._n warden_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o one_o of_o her_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a counsel_n long_a continuance_n of_o health_n with_o much_o increase_n of_o honour_n and_o prosperity_n forasmuch_o as_o be_v unknown_a to_o your_o good_a lordship_n otherwise_o than_o by_o report_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v taste_v of_o your_o goodness_n and_o favour_n to_o my_o great_a comfort_n in_o my_o trouble_n of_o the_o which_o when_o god_n will_v i_o hope_v 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therefore_o may_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o discern_v the_o truth_n of_o thing_n and_o to_o deliver_v his_o censure_n the_o more_o sound_o concern_v the_o manage_n of_o public_a affair_n and_o matter_n of_o state_n but_o now_o to_o come_v home_o out_o of_o france_n into_o england_n and_o to_o apply_v the_o case_n more_o particular_o to_o ourselves_o i_o be_o full_o resolve_v that_o if_o we_o listen_v to_o look_v upon_o thing_n with_o right_a judge_a eye_n and_o to_o consider_v they_o with_o well_o advise_a mind_n we_o shall_v plain_o see_v there_o be_v never_o any_o nation_n under_o the_o sun_n more_o bind_v to_o yield_v immortal_a thanks_o unto_o god_n for_o their_o state_n prince_n and_o sovereign_a than_o we_o be_v for_o we_o or_o to_o magnify_v he_o more_o for_o the_o innumerable_a benefit_n receyve_v by_o that_o mean_n than_o we_o be_v for_o first_o our_o state_n be_v that_o state_n which_o be_v most_o just_o deem_v the_o best_a and_o most_o excellent_a namely_o a_o 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highness_n be_v both_o a_o woman_n and_o a_o virgin_n by_o who_o mean_n god_n have_v also_o restore_v unto_o we_o the_o bright_a shine_a beam_n of_o his_o most_o holy_a gospel_n late_o afore_o eclipse_v with_o the_o foggy_a cloud_n of_o superstitious_a ignorance_n and_o humane_a tradition_n and_o the_o true_a ancient_a and_o catholic_a religion_n bear_v down_o and_o in_o manner_n overwhelm_v with_o the_o terrible_a storm_n of_o cruel_a persecution_n a_o benefit_n whereunto_o none_o other_o can_v be_v comparable_a in_o this_o world_n of_o the_o which_o religion_n her_o majesty_n have_v continual_o show_v herself_o not_o a_o bare_a professor_n but_o a_o most_o earnest_a and_o zealous_a follower_n and_o a_o most_o lightsome_a example_n to_o her_o subject_n direct_v all_o her_o study_n counsel_n and_o proceed_n to_o the_o set_v forth_o of_o god_n glory_n as_o well_o by_o advaunce_v and_o maintain_v the_o same_o religion_n
so_o also_o do_v marcellus_n cause_n barley_n to_o be_v deliver_v in_o steed_n of_o wheat_n to_o the_o band_n that_o first_o turn_v their_o back_n unto_o hannibal_n antony_n tithe_v the_o legion_n that_o have_v forsake_v their_o trench_n at_o a_o sally_n that_o be_v make_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o persian_n out_o of_o phraata_n and_o unto_o those_o also_o which_o remain_v of_o that_o tithing_n be_v barley_n give_v in_o steed_n of_o wheat_n for_o their_o food_n to_o live_v by_o licinius_n the_o consul_n be_v send_v against_o spaertaâ—us_o chief_a leader_n of_o the_o bondman_n that_o have_v rebel_v tythe_v to_o the_o number_n of_o a_o 4000_o man_n and_o yet_o fail_v not_o for_o all_o that_o to_o obtain_v the_o victory_n at_o such_o time_n as_o timoleon_n be_v mind_v to_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o be_v ten_o to_o one_o there_o be_v a_o thousand_o of_o his_o man_n that_o recoil_v back_o and_o will_v not_o fight_v whereof_o timoleon_n be_v well_o pay_v that_o they_o 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pardon_v not_o any_o man_n whatsoever_o he_o be_v albeit_o that_o pyrrhus_n be_v a_o stranger_n yet_o cause_v he_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o be_v observe_v straight_o among_o the_o tarentines_n and_o he_o punish_v those_o that_o fail_v marius_n be_v a_o sore_a man_n in_o that_o behalf_n but_o when_o he_o have_v once_o enure_v his_o soldier_n to_o abstain_v from_o offend_v wholesome_a and_o from_o disobey_v than_o they_o find_v that_o his_o sternness_n in_o command_v and_o his_o sharpness_n in_o punish_v such_o as_o forget_v their_o duty_n be_v not_o only_o reasonable_a but_o also_o just_a and_o wholesome_a the_o law_n of_o the_o swisser_n be_v such_o that_o such_o as_o slay_v and_o recoil_v in_o battle_n for_o fear_n and_o cowardliness_n shall_v be_v cut_v in_o piece_n by_o their_o fellow_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o great_a fear_n shall_v over-wey_a the_o lesser_a and_o that_o for_o dread_a of_o the_o violent_a death_n they_o shall_v choose_v the_o death_n that_o be_v honourable_a this_o cause_v the_o emperor_n julian_n in_o a_o certain_a battle_n to_o slay_v ten_o of_o the_o first_o that_o flee_v away_o thereby_o to_o compel_v the_o rest_n to_o turn_v again_o upon_o the_o enemy_n captain_n franget_fw-la be_v degrade_v from_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n &_o proclaim_v unnoble_a both_o he_o and_o all_o his_o posterity_n for_o yield_a fontrabie_n to_o the_o spaniard_n notwithstanding_o that_o he_o excuse_v himself_o by_o a_o secret_a compact_n that_o don_n peter_n the_o son_n of_o the_o marshal_n of_o navarre_n have_v make_v with_o the_o spaniard_n because_o it_o be_v think_v that_o although_o it_o be_v so_o yet_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v negligent_a in_o forseeing_a such_o conspiracy_n auidius_fw-la cassius_n deal_v more_o cruel_o than_o any_o other_o cassius_n in_o execute_v the_o law_n of_o arm_n for_o he_o make_v all_o such_o to_o be_v crucify_v as_o have_v take_v any_o thing_n from_o honest_a man_n in_o the_o self_n same_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v also_o he_o cause_v the_o arm_n &_o leg_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o of_o all_o such_o as_o depart_v from_o the_o camp_n without_o passport_n and_o he_o put_v they_o not_o to_o death_n say_v that_o there_o be_v more_o example_n to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o miserable_a catif_a alive_a than_o dead_a it_o happen_v upon_o a_o time_n that_o a_o very_a few_o of_o his_o man_n of_o war_n have_v discover_v that_o the_o sarmatian_n keep_v not_o good_a ward_n slay_v of_o they_o to_o the_o number_n of_o a_o three_o thousand_o and_o when_o his_o captain_n sue_v for_o reward_n of_o their_o good_a exploit_n he_o make_v they_o to_o be_v all_o crucify_a say_v it_o may_v have_v happen_v that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o ambush_n of_o enemy_n &_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n may_v have_v be_v lose_v in_o do_v whereof_o he_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o torquatus_n the_o history_n of_o who_o be_v know_v well_o enough_o nevertheless_o in_o the_o one_o there_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o prohibition_n but_o in_o this_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n at_o all_o this_o cruelty_n be_v far_o differ_v from_o the_o meeldnes_n of_o scipio_n who_o say_v that_o a_o good_a general_n of_o a_o field_n aught_o to_o deal_v like_o the_o good_a surgeon_n which_o never_o use_v lance_a but_o when_o all_o other_o remedy_n fail_v and_o as_o plutarch_n say_v in_o the_o comparison_n between_o agis_n &_o gracchus_n it_o be_v not_o the_o property_n either_o of_o good_a surgeon_n or_o of_o good_a governor_n of_o a_o state_n to_o set_v his_o hand_n to_o sword_n or_o launcer_n but_o only_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n when_o there_o be_v no_o other_o remedy_n good_a but_o to_o make_v a_o man_n of_o war_n obedient_a &_o refrain_v from_o do_v wrong_a to_o any_o body_n he_o must_v be_v well_o pay_v and_o as_o alexander_n severus_n say_v he_o must_v be_v well_o apparel_v well_o shod_a well_o arm_v well_o feed_v &_o have_v some_o money_n in_o his_o purse_n for_o poverty_n make_v man_n heartless_a the_o same_o thing_n be_v some_o cause_n that_o the_o soldier_n of_o macrinus_n rebel_v against_o he_o for_o when_o they_o see_v themselves_o so_o ill_o pay_v they_o fall_v to_o mutiny_v whereat_o mesa_n take_v occasion_n to_o lay_v hold_n of_o the_o opportunity_n that_o be_v offer_v fall_v in_o hand_n with_o the_o man_n of_o war_n and_o by_o offer_v they_o to_o pay_v they_o of_o his_o own_o treasure_n he_o make_v they_o so_o affection_a towards_o he_o that_o for_o his_o sake_n they_o set_v up_o his_o little_a son_n heliogabalus_n iphicrates_n a_o athenian_a captain_n be_v content_a that_o his_o soldier_n shall_v be_v covetous_a amorous_a and_o voluptuous_a to_o the_o intent_n that_o they_o may_v hazard_v themselves_o the_o more_o bold_o and_o adventurous_o to_o all_o peril_n to_o have_v wherewith_o to_o furnish_v their_o desire_n and_o julius_n caesar_n will_v have_v his_o soldier_n fair_a and_o rich_o 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of_o arm_n which_o be_v to_o keep_v equality_n among_o man_n of_o war_n the_o which_o rule_n adrian_n the_o emperor_n observe_v very_o well_o and_o fit_o for_o when_o he_o will_v have_v any_o labour_n do_v in_o his_o camp_n all_o be_v put_v to_o the_o labour_n when_o any_o watch_n be_v all_o watch_v and_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n to_o be_v exempt_v insomuch_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v be_v the_o foremost_a among_o they_o peace_n also_o there_o be_v consideration_n to_o be_v have_v in_o warfare_n how_o to_o make_v difference_n betweeen_n a_o camp_n and_o a_o garrison_n for_o in_o a_o camp_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o take_v some_o respite_n that_o man_n may_v make_v merry_a so_o the_o time_n of_o feast_v be_v not_o overlong_o
and_o therefore_o in_o that_o behalf_n julius_n caesar_n look_v not_o too_o near_o to_o his_o soldier_n because_o he_o do_v keep_v they_o common_o occupy_v but_o when_o rhey_n lie_v in_o garrison_n where_o they_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o fight_v nor_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o any_o enemy_n it_o will_v not_o be_v good_a to_o accustom_v they_o to_o live_v too_o delicate_o and_o at_o too_o much_o ease_n for_o in_o so_o long_a continuance_n of_o time_n they_o become_v the_o more_o unweeldie_a to_o war_n and_o if_o they_o peel_v the_o country_n where_o they_o lie_v there_o follow_v upon_o it_o the_o hatred_n of_o that_o people_n charles_n of_o anjou_n be_v esteem_v and_o commend_v for_o his_o good_a fortune_n and_o for_o a_o good_a warrior_n but_o yet_o be_v this_o renown_n somewhat_o deface_v for_o that_o after_o his_o victory_n he_o give_v his_o soldier_n too_o much_o liberty_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o his_o subject_n therefore_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n 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one_o for_o if_o one_o alone_o have_v the_o execution_n of_o that_o charge_n no_o man_n shall_v control_v he_o whereas_o mo_z do_v their_o duty_n well_o may_v do_v more_o faithful_a and_o trusty_a service_n by_o strive_v who_o shall_v do_v best_a and_o this_o manner_n do_v the_o athenian_n use_n who_o for_o a_o time_n hold_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o eastern_a sea_n and_o so_o do_v the_o roman_n who_o subdue_v the_o whole_a world_n the_o athenian_n in_o their_o war_n of_o sicily_n which_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n send_v thither_o niceas_n and_o alcibiades_n and_o ordinary_o they_o have_v two_o at_o the_o least_o and_o sometime_o ten_o together_o that_o command_v the_o roman_n most_o common_o send_v the_o two_o consul_n to_o the_o war_n who_o rule_v the_o army_n with_o equal_a power_n but_o they_o that_o do_v so_o find_v not_o themselves_o ever_o best_o at_o ease_n we_o have_v a_o example_n thereof_o in_o three_o tribnne_n of_o rome_n send_v to_o fidene_n with_o authority_n of_o 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be_v gentle_a or_o rigorous_a here_o be_v offer_v a_o question_n which_o be_v no_o small_a one_o that_o be_v to_o wit_n whether_o the_o chief_a of_o a_o army_n be_v he_o prince_n king_n or_o lieutenant_n to_o a_o king_n aught_o to_o use_v rigour_n rather_o than_o gentleness_n as_o well_o towards_o his_o soldier_n as_o also_o towards_o the_o country_n which_o he_o intend_v to_o conquer_v for_o there_o have_v be_v which_o by_o their_o rigour_n have_v be_v obey_v &_o reverence_v both_o of_o their_o soldier_n and_o of_o the_o country_n where_o they_o war_v and_o by_o that_o mean_n have_v compass_v their_o affair_n very_o well_o and_o othersome_a have_v get_v so_o great_a good_a will_n by_o their_o gentleness_n that_o they_o have_v win_v more_o by_o their_o courtesy_n than_o the_o other_o have_v do_v by_o their_o cruelty_n they_o that_o prefer_v gentleness_n courtesy_n allege_v pericles_n who_o be_v very_o mild_a and_o patient_a and_o be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o there_o shall_v never_o be_v any_o cause_n why_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v a_o black_a gown_n by_o his_o mean_n yet_o notwithstanding_o as_o gentle_a and_o patient_a as_o he_o be_v he_o govern_v that_o insolent_a people_n without_o any_o rebellion_n special_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war_n of_o peloponnesus_n where_o the_o people_n of_o athens_n see_v their_o good_n spoil_v from_o out_o of_o their_o window_n who_o notwithstanding_o their_o eager_a desire_n to_o go_v out_o against_o the_o lacedaemonian_n he_o keep_v still_o at_o home_n by_o his_o gentle_a and_o honourable_a persuasion_n xenophon_n make_v cyrus_n gentle_a courteous_a familiar_a and_o void_a of_o all_o pride_n roughness_n and_o cruelty_n scipio_n be_v meeld_v and_o gentle_a to_o his_o man_n of_o war_n and_o use_v his_o enemy_n with_o so_o great_a courtesy_n that_o he_o win_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o spaniard_n by_o such_o mean_n &_o overcome_v they_o rather_o with_o honourable_a deal_n than_o with_o force_n plutarch_n say_v as_o much_o of_o lucullus_n infinite_a other_o example_n may_v we_o allege_v of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v obay_v by_o their_o man_n of_o war_n and_o be_v love_v of_o all_o their_o country_n cruelty_n on_o the_o contrary_a part_n we_o have_v some_o that_o have_v keep_v their_o people_n in_o order_n by_o austerity_n as_o manlius_n torquatus_n and_o many_o other_o hannibal_n be_v cruel_a and_o stour_n as_o well_o to_o his_o man_n of_o war_n as_o to_o his_o enemy_n and_o yet_o have_v he_o a_o army_n of_o sundry_a sort_n of_o stranger_n all_o obedient_a and_o well_o order_v and_o beside_o that_o he_o draw_v to_o his_o side_n many_o of_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o they_o that_o hold_v this_o opinion_n have_v for_o their_o ground_n a_o sure_a and_o undoubted_a reason_n namely_o that_o
to_o shun_v the_o fire_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o venetian_n fall_v upon_o those_o dismay_v people_n defeat_v a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o and_o bend_v their_o artillery_n upon_o they_o thaâ—_n flee_v kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o so_o return_v with_o a_o very_a great_a booty_n of_o horse_n and_o man_n the_o plateians_n be_v streit_o besiege_v by_o the_o peloponnesian_n and_o hopeless_a of_o all_o succour_n find_v this_o shift_n to_o get_v out_o of_o the_o town_n the_o peloponnesian_n have_v make_v a_o double_a wall_n about_o the_o city_n plateia_n one_o towards_o the_o town_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o come_v out_o and_o the_o other_o along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o camp_n to_o keep_v the_o succour_n of_o the_o athenian_n from_o go_v in_o which_o wall_n be_v distant_a sixteen_o foot_n asunder_o between_o the_o two_o wall_n be_v the_o lodging_n of_o they_o that_o guard_v they_o and_o at_o every_o ten_o battlement_n be_v tower_n that_o couple_v the_o two_o wall_n together_o so_o as_o a_o man_n can_v not_o pass_v along_o the_o wall_n but_o he_o must_v go_v through_o those_o tower_n into_o the_o which_o those_o that_o keep_v the_o watch_n a_o night_n withdraw_v themselves_o when_o it_o rain_v to_o compass_v their_o determination_n the_o athenian_n make_v scal_v ladder_n full_a as_o high_a as_o the_o wall_n the_o height_n whereof_o they_o take_v by_o consider_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o brick_n whereof_o it_o be_v make_v number_v they_o from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o foot_n the_o townsman_n therefore_o have_v get_v intelligence_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o watch_n spy_v a_o night_n when_o it_o rain_v and_o the_o wind_n blow_v loud_o and_o the_o moon_n shine_v not_o and_o come_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o wall_n unperceived_a because_o of_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n and_o go_v several_o by_o themselves_o one_o from_o another_o lest_o the_o justle_n of_o their_o harness_n together_o shall_v make_v any_o noise_n when_o they_o have_v set_v up_o their_o ladder_n against_o the_o void_a space_n where_o they_o understand_v that_o no_o man_n ward_v they_o that_o bring_v the_o ladder_n mount_v up_o first_o and_o after_o they_o the_o rest_n now_o when_o a_o good_a sort_n of_o they_o be_v up_o they_o that_o watch_v within_o the_o tower_n perceive_v they_o by_o a_o cranny_n of_o one_o of_o the_o battlement_n that_o be_v cast_v down_o in_o their_o come_n up_o insomuch_o that_o at_o the_o first_o alarm_n all_o the_o camp_n come_v to_o the_o wall_n not_o know_v wherefore_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o night_n and_o the_o foul_a wether_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o plateians_n that_o abode_n in_o the_o city_n go_v out_o and_o assail_v the_o wall_n in_o other_o place_n to_o busy_v their_o enemy_n head_n who_o be_v all_o sore_o amaze_v what_o the_o matter_n shall_v be_v so_o as_o neither_o they_o nor_o those_o that_o guard_v the_o tower_n stir_v not_o out_o of_o their_o place_n nevertheless_o they_o that_o have_v the_o charge_n 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that_o shall_v have_v succour_v the_o watch_n who_o have_v light_v up_o the_o beacon_n by_o mean_n whereof_o be_v well_o and_o perfect_o see_v they_o be_v overthrow_v by_o the_o athenian_n and_o by_o the_o townsman_n with_o shot_n of_o arrow_n and_o so_o the_o plateyans_n pass_v the_o ditch_n with_o ease_n do_v knit_v themselves_o well_o and_o close_o together_o and_o so_o pass_v all_o in_o good_a order_n by_o the_o way_n that_o lead_v to_o thebes_n because_o they_o doubt_v that_o the_o way_n to_o athens_n be_v guard_v but_o when_o they_o have_v go_v that_o way_n a_o while_n they_o turn_v aside_o the_o way_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o by_o a_o privy_a path_n come_v all_o to_o athens_n without_o disturbance_n sometime_o to_o command_v a_o town_n they_o make_v a_o mount_n and_o in_o old_a time_n it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v against_o the_o brickwall_n because_o there_o be_v none_o other_o fight_v but_o with_o handblowe_n for_o artillery_n be_v not_o yet_o invent_v cabades_n king_n of_o 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with_o silence_n certain_a other_o policy_n and_o sleight_n that_o diverse_a brave_a captain_n have_v use_v the_o which_o i_o will_v set_v here_o unorderly_o eumenes_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n by_o antigonus_n as_o he_o retire_v find_v antigonus_n stuff_n the_o which_o he_o may_v easy_o have_v take_v and_o diverse_a prisoner_n therewithal_o but_o he_o will_v not_o because_o it_o will_v have_v hinder_v his_o flight_n and_o beside_o that_o he_o see_v it_o be_v unpossible_a to_o have_v keep_v the_o macedonian_n by_o direct_a mean_n from_o rifle_v so_o great_a good_n offer_v into_o their_o hand_n for_o so_o goodly_a a_o prize_n therefore_o he_o command_v they_o to_o ease_v themselves_o a_o while_n and_o to_o bait_v their_o horse_n and_o then_o upon_o the_o sudden_a to_o go_v and_o distrusse_v the_o baggage_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n he_o send_v advertisement_n by_o a_o secret_a messenger_n to_o menander_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o convey_v the_o say_a stuff_n that_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o speed_n get_v he_o out_o of_o the_o plain_n to_o the_o hang_n of_o a_o hill_n near_o hand_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v approach_v by_o horseman_n and_o there_o to_o fortify_v himself_o tell_v he_o that_o his_o give_v of_o this_o advertisement_n unto_o he_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o friendship_n that_o he_o have_v erst_o have_v at_o his_o hand_n menander_n understand_v the_o peril_n wherein_o he_o be_v make_v the_o stuff_n to_o be_v truss_v up_o out_o of_o hand_n and_o then_o eumenes_n send_v out_o his_o forerider_n open_o to_o discover_v he_o and_o therewithal_o command_v every_o man_n to_o put_v on_o his_o armour_n and_o to_o bridle_v his_o horse_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v mind_v to_o have_v lead_v