above all things you are to command them to keepe silence not babling one to another neither in their motions to suffer their Armes to rattle one against another alwayes to take heede to their Leaders that goe before them and to follow them orderly without disturbance keeping and observing their due distance either of Ranckes or Files which may be easily done if they but duely follow their Leaders and have an eye on their right and left fellow Camerades for keeping their Ranckes even in a like Front Likewise they are to observe when they are commanded to turne any where whether it be by Rancks or Files that their faces may by turned to the hand they are commanded to before they sturre to march and then to march alike and when ever they â—ouble Rancks or Files or counter-march they must ever observe to retire to the contrary hand they were commanded to double on if they doubled to the right when they fall off they retire turning to the left hand et contra for avoiding of disorder or hinderance that their Armes would make if they retired to the same hand they were commanded to double or march to In their counter-marches it is also requisit in time of exercise that neither Officer nor Souldier doe presume to command direct or finde fault with the errour but he that commands in chiefe whether he be superiour or inferiour Officer for the time since it is said when many speake few heare Therefore he must command alone suffering no rivall for avoiding of disorder Order therefore of distance being a chiefe point observed in exercising is three fold to wit Open order of Rancks or Files is six foote of distance being betwixt Rancks and Files both alike only requisit to be observed in mustering or while as they stand in danger of Cannon not being in battaile where in battaile order the distance to be observed betwixt Rancks or Files should be three foote where Elbow to Elbow of the side Camerades may joyne where in the open order aforesaid hand to hand can but joyne But in close order used most in conversion or wheeling is shoulder to shoulder and foote to foote firme keeping themselves together for feare to be put asunder by the force of their enemies and then to disorder which is ever to be looked unto chiefely before an enemy Your speech thus ended for your generall directions you begin againe to command silence and to take heed what is commanded to be done saying Height your Musketiers dresse your Rancks and Files to your open order of six foote and take heede To the right hand turne as you were To the left hand turne as you were To the right hand about turne as you were To the left hand about turne as you were To the right hand double your Rancks as you were To the left hand double your Rancks as you were The even Rancks or Files double ever unto the odde and the fourth Rancke is the middle Rancke of six To the right hand double your Files as you were To the left hand double your Files as you were Middle-men or fourth Rancke to the right hand double your Front To the left hand retire as you were Middle-men to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were Nota. The sixth Rancke is called bringers up or reare or under Rot-masters Bringers up to the right hand double your Front To the left hand as you were Bringers up to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were All that doubled turne first about and then they retire falling behinde those were their Leaders before in the same place or distance This doubling of the bringers up or of middle-men is very requisit in giving a generall salve of Musket and as it is to be observed in rancks that the best men are placed in front reare and middle even so in files every Corporalship being foure files of Musketiers the likeliest are put ever in the right and left files of the foure being also of best experience The doubling of rancks being done and all remitted in good order and to their first distance of open order you are to command and exercise Souldiers in three severall wayes of counter-marching requisit in some respects but in my opinion to be used but seldome except it be in necessity in such parts as the ground will not permit otherwise therefore to avoide disorder Souldiers ought not to be ignorant of any of the three sorts of counter-marching First having commanded the Souldiers to dresse their rancks and files and to carry their Muskets handsomly keeping silence say To the right hand the counter-march without noise or losing of ground To the left hand retire againe to the former ground Then command againe to dresse rancks and files and to right their Armes keeping silence taking heede to what is to be commanded and say To the right hand turne Then the Flancke before being now the Front command To the right hand counter-march and lose no ground To the left hand as you were This is used ordinarily to change one wing of Battaile in place of the other then that the Front may be as it was first before they Countermarcht To the left hand turne dresse your Rankes and Files and be silent Another sort of Countermarch is the Slavonian countermarch where you lose ground the Front being changed also then you command the first Ranke to turne about to the right hand then you say to the rest Countermarch and through to your former distance after your Leaders Then say Leaders as you were and to the rest To the left hand countermarch as you were to your first ground The third sort of countermarch I esteeme most of to be practised being rather a conversion very requisit to be well knowne to all Souldiers in all Armies chiefly to be used before an enemy for as it is most sudden so in my opinion it breeds least disorder and disturbance the Souldiers once used to it of themselves they will willingly doe it on any occasion the body being before in open order or Battaile order say Close the Ranks and Files to your closse order without encumbering one of another every man following right his owne Leader keeping closse to his side man then say To the right hand the quarter turne halfe or whole as the occasion and the ground doth permit and then say Dresse your Armes and follow your Leaders and open againe to your Battaile order Lastly the body of your Musketiers exercised perfectly after this manner for the better bringing of them in exercise and breath that in case any disorder may happen amongst them they may the better afterward be acquainted one with another say to your open order of six foote distances Open both Rankes and Files and set downe your Armes handsomely where you stand then command your Sergeant to goe an hundred paces from the body of your Musketiers and sticke in his Holbert in the ground then
admonish your Souldiers that at the tucke of your Drumme they runne from their Armes about the Holbert and to stay there till the Drumme recall them againe to their Armes which being done it makes the Souldiers able in breath to know one anothers place in case they should be brought at any time in disorder to recover themselves the better Thus much for the training of Souldiers in changing of place as you will have them without giving of fire When you have gotten your Souldiers thus experimented in their motions then are you to acquaint them with shot in giving of fire to make them fix against their enemies which is easily done having once apart and singularly used their Muskets after the order of the severall postures belonging thereto as was commanded their inferiour Officers and Leaders to teach them before they were exercised Therefore before you come to the particular formes of giving fire you shall first give some generall directions to be observed by all for avoiding the hurting of themselves or of their Camerades as also how they can best offend their enemies and to this effect you shall admonish in love all brave Musketiers first to have their Muskets cleere and hansome and above all fix in the worke especially every Souldier would be well knowne with his owne Musket and cocke to cocke aright then to hold the mouth or Cannon of his Musket ever high up either being on his shoulder or in priming or guarding of his panne but in giving fire never higher or lower than levell with the enemies middle then your Musketiers being in readinesse your Muskets charged they may be commanded to give fire in skirmish disbandoned as their Officers doe direct them to advance or retire as the occasion offers also to give fire by Ranckes Files Divisions or in Salves as the Officer pleaseth to command to the effect they may be fixed Omni modâ— though in my opinion one way is the best yet there are severall wayes of giving fire in advancing to an enemy as retiring from an enemy or in standing firme before an enemy either by Rancks or by Files made to Rancks Advancing to an enemy not being disbandoned but in one bodie they give fire by Rancks to Rancks having made readie alike they advance ten paces before the bodie being led up by an Officer that stands in even Front with them the Cannon or mouth of their Muskets of both Rancks being past his bodie The second Rancke being close to the backe of the foremost both gives fire alike priming and casting about their Muskets they charge againe where they stand till the other two Rancks advance before them and give fire after the same manner till the whole Troope hath discharged and so to beginne againe as before after the order of the through-countermarch ever advancing to an enemie never turning backe without death or victorie And this is the forme that I esteeme to be the best as for the rest they are not to be much used but this order can be used winning ground advancing or losing ground in a Retreate When you would command the body of your Musketiers to give fire in a Salve as is ordinarie in Battell before an enemy joyne or against Horsemen then you command the bringers up or Reare to double the Front to the right hand and to make readie having the match cocked and their pannes well guarded having closed the three Rancks though not the Files the Officers standing in equall Front with the foremost Rancke betwixt two Divisions he commands to give fire one Salve two or three and having charged againe and shouldered their Armes they retire to the left hand againe every man falling behinde his owne Leader Being on retiring from the enemie the whole bodie having made readie as they march off in order a qualified Officer being in the Reare and qualified Officers in the Van to order them that fall up the last two Rancks in the Reare turne faces about and the whole body with them and the two Rancks having given fire they march through the body to the Van and order themselves as they were before and so successively the whole bodie gives fire ever by two Rancks and falls off till such time as they have made their Retreate sure Thus much of fire-giving by Rancks on two or three as you please at once and no more Now a little for the exercising of the Squadron of Pikes in generall for the generall motion certaine directions are to be observed concerning Pikes that the Souldiers keepe their Pikes cleane and cleere and never to be suffered to cut off the lengths of their Pikes as often is seene upon marches being very uncomely to see a Squadron of Pikes not of one length likewise in all motions with the Pike the hand and foote ought to goe alike and the Souldier would be expert in giving the right pousse with the Pike backwards and forwards Your Squadron of Pikes as they ought to march with the Drumme so they ought to obey the Drumme beating a Troope a Charge a Call a Retreate As also to traile their Pikes to make reverence with the Pike being shouldred and your Squadron of Pikes being but six deepe in Rancke your Files may be so many as can well heare your voyce in Command providing there be no odde File and thus well ordered at their open order of six foote distance command to mount their Pikes then calling for a Drumme beside you let him beate a march then they are to shoulder their Pikes flat or slaunt carried and then to march a little let your Drumme againe beate a Troope then they mount their Pikes and troope away fast or slow as your passe leades them stopping or advancing as you doe then let your Drumme beate a Charge then they charge their Pikes and advance fast or slow as you lead them and retire also backwards their Pikes charged as you will have them then troope againe and they mount their Pikes march and shoulder and haulting let the Drumme beate againe and they order their Pikes on the ground as first being at their distance and trooping againe they mount their Pikes so that you can command them to Battell order or closse order for Wheeling or Counter-marching at your owne pleasure In repayring to their Colours or comming from watch they should ever walke with their Pikes mounted as also they may use this posture on Centrie and your Pikes mounted and at your open order you can use all doublings that your Musketiers used as also to present to Front Reare right or left hand the curiositie of the turnes to the right or left hand in Van or Reare the Pike being shouldred you can also teach them as you will though not much to be used in exercise and the Pikes thus well exercised having seene frequent danger can doe good service against Horsemen and against foote to foote either in battell entering a Towne or breach or retiring or advancing to choake an
we did this day rejoyces in the calme when it comes and he is said to merit the Crowne that hath fought valiantly It is also very necessary that at such service as this was if we have time that we be carefull to bring off our Camerades bodies killed on service that died honourably before their enemies to be laid in the bed of honour in burying their bodies as becomes Christians We are also tied in duety to our Camerades that were with us in danger if either they be wounded or mutilated to care for their safeties so far as lieth in our power And we must not preferre the safety of our owne bodies to the publique weale of our Camerades and countrimen dead or living but we ought with the hazard of our owne lives to bring off the dead and hurt An example of this duety we have in the person of the President of Chassangue treating of the Iewes law that did command that the bodies of their dead enemies should not lie unburied Caesar caused to be buried the head of his enemy Pompey and wept at his death as Valerius Maximus reports in his fift booke and sixt Chapter Hercules is thought to have bin the first that ordained to bury the bodies of those killed on service and David calls them blessed that were so thankefull as to have buried Saul Indas Macchabie did cause to bury the bodies of the enemy killed in battaile and Alexander restored unto the mother of Darius the dead bodie of her sonne Hanniball did burie the body of his enemy Marcellus as Valerius affirmes It is also expedient for the common-weale that the bodies of the dead be buried and Leonard Darez reports that Cyrus Alexander and Caesar did recommend their funeralls to their friends as Lievetenant Rosse did his to his Captaine and me which we performed in the best manner we could for the time If Pagans had such regard to their burialls Christians should be more carefull whose bodies sometimes were the receptacles of the holy Spirit and of the immortall soule created to Gods owne Image Here also I would report the commandement that we reade in the second chapter verse 23. of the fourth booke of Esdras Where thou findest the dead put them in the grave with a certaine marke and I will give thee the first seate in my resurrection and the wise Ancients said men should looke unto the end My exhortation then is to all my worthy countrimen and women that were interessed in our losses in this dayes service to consider that when these gentlemen and Cavaliers were borne that they were marked and ordained to die honourably fighting in the good cause and for the liberty of our Kings daughter the Queene of Bohemia and her distressed Royall Issue under the magnanimous King of Denmarke our Master who for her Majesties libertie did hazard not onely his life but his crowne let them then that are interessed as said is in this our losse consider againe that they died with great honour and reputation seeing they live eternally in their fame having laid downe their lives as servants of the publique if not for their country yet at least as cannot be denied for the liberty of their Kings Royall Issue It then became them well to have died standing Therefore those mothers friends or Sisters are to be condemned that mourne for them that live after their death in their fame and though their griefe be great let them shed no teares for feare it become of them as became of that Ancient woman called Vicia mother to Futius Geminus who was killed at Rome for having wept at the death of her sonne that had lost his life in the publique service as reporteth Tacitus in his 6 booke of his Annals and our Saviour in the Evangelist Saint Luke doth forbid the widdow to weepe for her sonne that was dead and St. Paul writing to the Thessalonians saith Brethren I would not have you ignorant of the estate of those that are asleepe to the end you do not over-mourne as those do that are without hope Therefore let us forbeare all teares for those departed and if we should mourne let us mourne with teares even those most pretious teares for sinne these are the Christian teares that should be shed from our hearts to reconcile us unto God those teares are as the bloud of the soule hurt and wounded with the sense and feeling of our sinnes before God these are the teares that drawe Gods mercy upon us as David cried unto God in the 36 Psalme Thou hast counted my wanderings and put my teares in thy bottle are they not in thy Register Therefore though we be grieved at the losse of our friends and at the losse of the day Yet ô God make us thankfull unto thee for our deliverance that we may rejoyce at our owne safety The seventh Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Owldenburg unto Assens in Denmarke by Sea HAving thus past the day at Owldenburg the night the friend of Cowards coming on what we durst not have done by day being favoured by the mooneshine when all were wearied with hot service and toyle in the day begun to take rest and refreshment by their fires in the Leager all Guards relieved and centries set out being all of us after a great storme in a quiet calme we begin to take our retreat to the water our Generall being full of feare and suspition goes before and our Colonell also we follow having the avant-Guard according to our Orders for going a ship-board which orders were willingly obeyed perceiving the danger was to follow and in consideration that long before the Lievetenant Colonell Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey and Captaine Forbesse being hurt had retired for their safeties towards the Isle of Feamor and from thence to Denmark to be cured I supplying the place of the Major our Regiment orderly retiring from the enemy Captaine Mac-Kenyee and my brother Obstell who before were companions in the day of danger in the night did march together leading off the Regiment to be secured and I bringing up the Reare accompanied with some other Officers we had no doubt of our safe retreate the whole army being behind us made us halte the oftner taking paines to bring up our hurt and sicke men we marched but softly Py a Pyano at last by ten a clocke of the night we arrived on the shore and drew up in battell attending the Colonells command for shipping who had gone himselfe unto the Roade amongst the ships to provide shipping but could get no obedience the feare was so great amongst the marriners having heard the roaring and thundring of cannon and muskets in the day feare so possest them all that they lacked hands to worke and hearts to obey and the Colonell coming a shore without bringing of ships to receive us we made use of the time our Camerades the horsemen having come before us who ever begin confusion were without orders forcing ships to take in their horses and
to give in our Rolles for mustering of us that his Majestie might know what losse we had sustained on service and that those that served well might be rewarded we mustered sicke and whole neere nine hundred men under Armes besides Officers having lost on service foure hundred men that were killed in the place and taken in our retreate Before our coming to muster Newes was come to his Majestie of the losse of the Castle of Bredenberg in Holsten Stathoulder Ransowe his chiefe residence where Major Dumbarre did command and was killed The particulars of this service I referre to the next Dutie discharged The Major being killed I having discharged the duty in his absence by my Colonels respect to me and his Majesties favour I had Patent given me under his Majesties hand and Seale as Major to the Regiment as likewise Captaine Lermond his company then at Luckstad being vacant through the death of the Captaine at Hamburgh was also disposed unto me and orders were given unto the Commissary that mustred us according to my Patent to place me as Sergeant-Major over the Regiment which all duely obeyed by the Commissary the Drummer Major accompanied with the rest of the Drummers of the Regiment being commanded beate a bancke in head of the Regiment The Commissary having his Majesties Patent in his hand makes a speech signifying his Majesties will unto all the Officers of the Regiment and without any contradiction placed me Segeant Major and delivering me my Patent takes me by the hand as the Colonell did Lievetenant-Colonell with the whole Officers of the Regiment wishing me joy with the generall applause of the whole Soldateska which ceremony ended the Regiment marched off by companies unto their severall quarters as before The Colonell conveyed by his Officers unto his quarters the Officers were appointed the next day to meete at the Colonells quarter to receive money and to understand further of the Colonells resolution concerning the standing of the Regiment At their returne the next day they received two monthes pay for the Officers and one moneths pay for the Soldateska with promise of winter clothes But the Souldiers coming into a good fat soyle clad themselves honestly which made them want commisse clothes Yet none of us could say but we served a liberall and a bountifull Master the money first payed by the Commissaries they give orders in his Majesties name for keeping of good discipline over the Regiment whereby the Boores should not complaine on the Souldiers Isolencie which they needed not to use getting willingly from the Boores both meate and mony with some clothes Neverthelesse there were alwayes amongst the one and the other some churlish Rascalls that caused complaints to be heard which made our proforce or Gavileger get company and money for discharging his duety for neither Officer nor Souldier escaped due punishment that was once complained on untill such time as his Majestie was satisfied with justice and the party offended Thus continuing in our duety the Colonell anew doth Capitulate with his Majesty for bringing over from Scotland a thousand men to recreute the Regiment Officers were appointed of every company to go for Scotland and for the most part the Captaines went themselves leaving their Lievetenants in their absence to command their companies The Lievetenant Colonell taking a fore-loofe did go unto Holland I being left to command the Regiment the Colonell and his Captaines Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey Captaine Annaâ—e Captaine Monro of Obstell Captaine Forbesse Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Iohn Monro and Lievetenant Robert Stewart the Barron of Fowles followed them in the spring for leavying a company also They being gone I was commanded by his Majesty to take orders from Generall Major Slamersdorph then resident at Odensee in Funeland who immediatly after their going away commanded me to take my quarters in Assens where we kept our watch seeing that part of the country was most in danger of the enemies pursute where I had question with the Major of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse who should give out the orders in the Garrison which did bring an emulation betwixt our Souldiers and the horsemen so that in severall rancounters had in the Garrison three or foure on each side were killed To prevent this disorder the Generall Major with some other associats came to Assens and held a Councell of warre the businesse considered the Major of Horse is removed to another Garrison and Rut-master Cratsten is put with his Troupes in Assens and the command of the Garrison was given unto me Notwithstanding whereof our enmity with the horsemen did continue a long time till the Rhinegrave himselfe had given orders to his whole Officers examplarily to punish those insolent Rutters who should be found to live otherwise then brethren with the whole Scots Regiment so that by that time the coldnesse removed we lived at more quiet during my being there which was not long The eighth Observation FIrst here we may see the wisdome and magnanimity of this King not cast downe with the losse of his Army nor with the losse of the halfe of his country but preventing his further losse for the safety of his country and good of his Subjects he with expedition drawes himselfe and the remnant escaped of his Army within Denmark to preserve them for a second fitter opportunity As also to encourage his Subjects that through feare were on the flight by water unto other Nations carrying their substance with them feare comming unawares having heard of their Kings losse and overthrow abroade fame dispersing the rumours of the losse much worse then it was the people were so afraid and so fearefull that they enjoyed nothing without a frighted minde no not their sleepe they trembled at the present miseries that might but come they were anticipated in a more horrid habit then any enemy could put them unto meeting with evill before it came making things but probable as certaine as when one may sit even in a boate he is in no danger yet through feare stirring he may drowne himselfe and others as we see often in battell that the valiant man constantly keeping his ranke doth live when as the feeble coward by stooping thinking to save his life he loses it when the brave soule knowes no trembling Caesar spake like Caesar when he bad the Marriners feare nothing And this invincible and Magnanimous King though ruffled by Caesar yet he encourages his subjects by exhorting them to feare nothing going at all times himselfe betwixt them and all dangers he being the first many times ingaged and the last coming off casting as it were through his valour a kinde of honour upon God believing in his goodnesse casting himselfe in danger trusting and confiding in his care onely Not like an unworthy coward that ecliples his sufficiency unworthily doubting that God will bring him off unjustly accusing God his power or his will making himselfe his owne Saviour he becomes his owne confounder But this magnanimous King setting
undoe our selves with wanting of it Neither can we so slenderly forget their memory being our noble friends and who were ornaments to our Regiment and Country and helpers of our credits Shall we not then be sorrowfull for their losses that lost themselves to make us renowned in their deaths and while they lived were our most faithfull and loving Camerades even unto their last breath But since they are gone before us to take in quarters in heaven following their great Captaine who hath made the way open for them being stricken as Iob saith by the hand of the Lord and yet placed at his right hand shall we be sorry for them No we will rather rejoyce and thinke we must follow them when we have fought that good fight against our enemies we shall be crowned with them in glory and rejoyce following the Lambe where ever he goeth and till then his right hand will sustaine us as before for he is our helper and hath sworne by his right hand and the Arme of his strength that he will not forsake us till we rest with him in glory Here also we see that his Majestie having trusted our Nation more than his owne or the Dutch he doth leave them ingaged with the enemy till his Majesties retreate were made sure both first and last Where we see that friendship and true service is best tryed in extremitie for no greater testimony can be given of true service than when the servant doth endanger his own life and honour for the reliefe of his Master as that young Cavalier Captaine Mac-Kenyee did here being a generous act for the safetie of a King which ought to be recorded to vindicate his honour from oblivion whose memory merits to be rewarded that others might imitate his noble example Here also we see that sufferance in a noble manner causeth love for that young Cavalier Henry Lindesey then an Ensigne not able to helpe himselfe his Camerades loving him dearely and the more for his noble sufferance they helpt him off from the crueltie of his enemies to preserve his life for a better occasion who by Gods providence was miraculously healed having lost a great part of his shoulder a wonder in an age such wounds to be cured The twenty-one Dutie discharged at Copemanhagen where the Regiment was completed againe with the Recreut AS all things are preserved by a glorious order so his Majestie after his retreate beginneth againe to make up the body of an Armie to be setled all Winter in quarters within Denmark that against the Spring he might either beate the enemy out of Holsten or otherwise with his sword in his hand make an honourable peace after which resolution taken there was order sent to my Colonell to bring his Regiment to the fields and to reforme the weake Companies that have no Recreut brought over and to strengthen the rest of the Companies till the Regiment was made complete Sir Patrick Mac-Gey having stayd in Scotland his Company was cashier'd and Captaine Annans also in place whereof the Colonell did get from his Majestie two Companies that were sent over by Colonell Sinclaire viz. Captaine George Stewart and Captaine Francis Trafford which were both joyned to the Regiment The Lord of Fowles having leavied a Company in Scotland joyned also to the Regiment Iohn Sinclaire was made Captaine Lievetenant to the Colonels Company Lievetenant Stewart being married having stayd in Scotland with his wife his place was given to Eye Mac-Key and William Brumfield was made Ensigne to Captaine Mac-Kenyee The Lievetenant Colonell having quit the Regiment I succeeded to his place and his Lievetenant Andrew Stewart the Earle of Traquairs brother succeeded Captaine to the Company Ensigne Seaton being made Lievetenant the Captaines brother William Stewart was made Ensigne Tullough his Company was recreâ—ted and was full by his old Officers Beaton and Iohnson Iohn Monro his Company being recreuted long David Monro was made Lievetenant and long William Stewart Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his Company being complete William Carre was made Lievetenant and Hector Monro Ensigne The Regiment thus complete was mustred and received a moneths meanes together with a reckoning of their by-past rests with an assignation on his Majestie of great Britaine for the payment of the moneys The Regiment thus contented the Colonell Captaine Monro of Obstell and Captaine Mac-Key returning for Britaine the Regiment being left under my command was directed to winter Garrisons as followeth The Colonels Company commanded by Iohn Sinclaire as Captaine Iohn Ennis Lievetenant and William Mac-Kenyee Ensigne were quartered in Langland Captaine Monro of Fowles his company was sent to lie in Feamer Andrew Monro being his Lievetenant and Iohn Rhode Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his company was quartered there also and the foresaid Officers Captaine Iohn Monro his company and his Officers were also quartered there Captaine Forbesse of Tullough his company and Officers were quartered in Malline in Skoneland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his company and Officers foresaid were quartered with me in Malline in Skoneland Captaine George Stewart Robert Hâ—ine Lievetenant and Iohn Sanders Ensigne were quartered in Alzenburgh Captaine Francis Trafford his company being Welsh with his Officers were quartered in a Dorpe in Skoneland Captaine Andrew Stewart his company and Officers were quartered in London in Skoneland My company which was Lermonds with the Officers did lie in Garrison in Luckstad in Holsten The Officers that were reformed went to seeke their employments viz. Captaine Sanders Hay went to Sweden and was made Major to Sir Patricke Ruthven in Spruce Patricke Dumbarre was made Captaine to a Company of Danes Souldiers There happened also a mis-fortune this Winter in Feamer where Lievetenant Andrew Monro a valourous young Gentleman was killed in Combate by a Dutch called Ranso and Lievetenant William Mac-Key succeeded in his place being made Lievetenant to Fowles when William Gunne was preferred by me as Ensigne to the Colonells Company the rest of the Garrisons lay in quiet all Winter during which time his Majesties Commissioners lay at Lubeck treating for a peace with the Emperour The twenty-one Observation IN the Firmament we see all things are preserved by a glorious order the Sunne hath his appointed circuite the Moone her constant change and every planet and Starre their proper course and place the Earth also hath her unstirred stations the Sea is confined in limits and in his ebbing and flowing dances as it were after the influence and aspect of the Moone whereby it is kept from putrefaction and by strugling with it selfe from over flowing the land So that in this world order is the life of Kingdoms Honours Artes for by the excellency of it all things florish and thrive and therefore we see that this order is requisite to be observed in nothing more than in military discipline being the life of it Regiments then maintained in good order the Army can be but well ordered and the Army well ordered the King and country cannot but stand
with my Folks to beset it being sent for in the night to breake up and to march thither in all haste I had command to speake with Kniphowsen in my going for recâ—iving further Orders The Companies marched by I following my Orders desired to know what the Generall Major had to command me who gave me Orders in writing I should march thither and in case the enemy should pursue me I should fight to the last man and not to give over the Castle though I should be forced to quit the Towne Receiving Orders for some Ammunition I tooke leave of Kniphowsen and continued my march to Shevelbean then layd almost waste with Pestilence the Inhabitants being fled away I had slight quarters for my Soldiers which being quartered having visited the Towne and Castle I appointed the manner of our Watch and did beset the Poâ—stes from our Guards which were kept both in the Towne and on the Castle and then I sent Orders to the Boores of the Graveshaft to come in the next day with Spades Shovels and Axes for to repaire the workes that were almost ruined being a scurvie hole for any honest Cavalier to maintaine his credit by Before my comming two Troopes of Bawtees Horsemen viz. Major Roustene and Long-fretts were quattered there who getting intelligence the Army was to march upon me being Horsemen quit the Garrison to our selves and took them to the Fields to joyne with their Colonels Regiment being neere hand so that our Quarters thus enlarged we were glad to be rid of their trouble as they were to eschew the Enemies comming serving better in the Fields then they could doe within Walles The Horsemen gone I was evill sped for being put on such a place with such orders appointed to fight to the last man where no Cavalier with credit could hold out twenty foure houres being pursued by an Army except the Lord extraordinarily would shew mercy Neverthelesse getting three dayes longer continuation before the enemies comming we did worke all of us night and day till we had Stacketed the Wall about the height of a man above the Parapet having made a breast-worke of earth within the Walles round about with Traverses within for cleering out the Enemy if he had entered at a breach our Work ended and our Ports Ranforced with Earth to resist the force of Pittards we see in the afternoone the Enemies squadrons of Foot and Horse about eight thousand strong marching unto us having Artillery conforme we finding them marching within reach I caused to salute them with two small shot wherewith a Rut-master and a Lievtenant of horse were killed which made the rest march out of diâ—â—ance The Army drawne up in Battell without reach of our Canon they sent a Trumpeter summoning us to a treatie he was answered we had no such Orders but we had Powder and Ball at their service Whereupon they commanded a Captaine with a hundred and fiftie musketiers towards the Porte directing proportionally to the rest of the Portes our souldiers in the beginning before the Portes killed of them above thirtie souldiers and two Livetenants I not being able to maintaine the Towne retired with my folke on the Castle I being retired the Burgers made up set open the Portes to the enemie giving him entrance who did bring in his whole Artillerie and Amunition to the market place and then sent to mee a Drummer to see if I would render up the Castle upon good conditions then they were in my power but if not I should have no quarters afterwards They got their first Answer againe and then the service beginnes anew on both sides and they begunne before night to plant their Batteries within fourtie pace of our walles which I thought too neere but the night drawing on wee resolved with fire workes to cause them remove their quarters and their Artillerie Having thrown some fiery Granades on the houses and seeing they wrought no effect I hired a stout souldier with a Pike to reach a firye Ball I had made upon the top of the next house that lay to the Castle which in the end was fired so that the whole street did burne right alongst betwixt us and the enemy who was then forced to retire both his Cannon and souldiers and not without great losse done unto him by our souldiers by meanes of the fire-light where other two Officers and eighteene of their souldiers were killed The day cleering up I fell out after with fourescore Musketiers and tooke thirteene Crabbats prisoners The Army leaving us for that time they marched forwards for the releefe of Colberg and I retired to the towne to comfort the Burgers for their losse sustained by the fire caused through necessitie having no other meanes to escape our enemies fury I being retired to the Castle and the enemy marching to Colberg having made up eighteene Dragoniers to march after the enemy for bringing me intelligence if his Majesties forces from Statin were come betwixt the enemie and Colberg my party retiring shewes that the field Marshall Gustave Horne and Colonell Mackey that coÌ„manded the coÌ„manded musketiers were joyned with Kniphousen Bawtish and Sir Iohn Hepburne and were lying over-night before a passage betwixt the enemy and Colberg The next morning being darke till nine aclock with a thick mist the horsemen charging one another they came in confusion on both sides being affrighted alike retired from each others with the losse of fourescore men on both sides The particulars whereof I will not set downe having not seene the service though I was within hearing of their Cannon and Muskets both Two horsemen of Bawtish Regiment that had charged through the enemy came and reported to me openly in presence of many souldiers that the Swedens were all beaten I being offended at the manner of their report I caused to imprison both the horsemen till I knew greater certainty and calling my souldiers together I was prepared for the enemies returne But he passing by a mile from us I sent Dragoniers to cut off his passage giving them charge to cut off the Bridges but his Dragoniers being there before mine to be quit of their ill my Dragoniers returned againe in safetie allowing passage to their enemies within few dayes after having escaped this inconvenience I was recalled from thence by his Majesties order to joyne with the Felt-marshall Horne then at Griffinberg with a party of the Armie where before my departing I took an Attestation from the Amptman of the Castle of the good order and Discipline that was kept by vs there And being glad I was rid with credit of such a place I marched to Griffenberg to finde the Felt-Marshall The second Observation THe fore-sight of a wise Commander availes much in preventing the intentions of our Enemies First in besetting the passages through which he might come upon us which doth hinder his march in giving us the longer time to bee prepared for his comming Next the farther our wings are spred without us
our Body is the better guarded by good intelligence Thirdly by this meanes wee can the better provide our Army with thinges necessary Fourthly the passages without being kept they being next the Enemy wee can have the more timely advertisement of our enemies designes so soone as they are hatched This Cavaliere Kniphowsen though hee was unfortunate he had both the Theorie and Practick befitting a Commander whom once I did heare say that one Ounce of good Fortune was to be preferred before a Pound weight of Wit which hee knew well by his owne experience and to my knowledge though hee was unfortunate himselfe yet Cavalieres under his command could learne by him much good order and discipline And though in his life-time hee loved not our Country-men Neverthelesse for the love I carried to his vertues I would not omit to make mention of his worth No feare of danger or death can be an excuse to a man to serve the Publique in his calling Before I was commanded to enter this Towne the Infection was great yet none of us did forbeare to converse with the Sicke though daily examples of mortality were frequent amongst us for on our Watches wee knew not the cleane from the foule Neverthelesse it behoved us all to passe on our duties as wee were commanded and though I know no reason for it fewer Souldiers dyed of the infection than Burgers Yet one rare Sparke being a resolute â—ix Souldier with a Musket as ever I commanded dyed here of the Pest called Andrew Monro who being but Eighteene yeares of age though little of stature no toyle nor travell could overset him and as hee was stoute so he was merry and sociable without offence such another was his Cozen Iohn Monro Kilternies grand-child who dyed of a burning Feaver being alive without feare before his Enemy and of a merry and quicke disposition I made onely mention of their names because they lived vertuously and dyed with farre more credit then if they had dyed at home where their names had never bin recorded for their worth and vertues It is the duty of a Commander to whom a Frontier Garrison is put in trust timely to fore-see all wants and defects about the place hee is trusted with as to repaire the workes to provide it with victuals with powder with Ball Match and Armes for it were not good hee had his materials to seeke when hee is resolved to begin his worke Likewise his workmen if they bee not sufficiently furnished before-hand he will be forced to dismisse them before his worke be credibly ended his over-seers must be also good and diligent otherwise there may bee too many crevises in their building and he himselfe must give good example in overseeing all and in fore-seeing of all inconveniences not trusting unto others to discharge those duties hee is bound to discharge himselfe and in â—ase of extremity of danger hee must ever bee the first himselfe to looke unto it and the last in comming from it otherwise hee can neither maintaine the place nor his credit Hee must also be very modest and secret in not revealing the dangers hee fore-sees but be amending of them for feare to discourage others Likewise wee see here that it is alike with a Commander keeping a strength sometimes as it is with a body whereof some members are infected with a Canker that to preserve the body they must resolve to lose a member as it was with us at this time being forced to burne a part of the Towne to preserve the rest and our selves otherwise all must have beene lost But God favouring us by the winde that obeyeth when hee commandeth and the Element of the Fire also supplying the defect wee had of Water in our Graffe being but dry on that side wee were guarded with fire in stead of water and that bravely The Enemy being gone wee preserved the rest of the Towne in quenshing the fire Here also wee may see the benefit we reape when Frontier Garrisons are well beset if the Enemy fall into our Land as wee are able to affront him in his comming so in his going taking alwayes Prisoners of him and this is the right use of Strengths that when wee suffer losses in the Fields wee have time to draw breath againe our Garrisons being well beset as was sâ—ene in the Peace made betweene the King of Denmarke and the Emperour For if his Majesty of Denmarke had not built Luckstad on the Elve hee had hardly recovered Holsten againe even so this Garrison being set here gave time by the holding up of the Enemy to his Majesties Forces that were come from Statiâ— to bee before the enemy at Colberge for if they had fought better I had observed the more The third Dutie discharged of our March to Prymhaussen neere Stargard and from thence to Statin BEeing recalled from Shevelben wee joyned with the Felt-Marshall Horne at Griffinberg taking our march towards Prymhaussen a great Dorpe neere Stargard his Majesty being then at Colnoe drawing his Forces together hee intended to try the Enemy before Winter having met with the most part of his Forces at Prymhaussen the word was spred his Majesty had dealt out winter Quarters to move the enemie to doe the like that they drawing to Quarters his Majesties Armie being together they might take advantage of the Enemy being setled in their Quarters Wee having stayed with the Felt-Marshall till the Colonell went for Scotland accompanied with Major Monro Capraine Francis Sinclaire Master Hugh Mowat and Lieutenant Barrie they being gone his Majesty commanded I should march to Statin and joyne with the Regiment and to receive Orders from Generall Major Lesley beeing Commandant for the time where by the way at Colnoe I did speake with his Majesty who told mee hee was to preferre Captaine Bullion being one of my Captaines then to be Generall quarter Master to Horse As also shewed to me that hee had imployed my Colonell for new leavies and therefore he had recalled mee to remaine with the Regiment in his absence recommending unto me diligence in keeping good Discipline and in defending of the Postâ—s which should bee intrusted to our watching seeing wee were to watch on Here Tyvell his Poste Thus his Majesties admonitions received I was dismissed to continue our march to Statiâ— where wee being no sooner arrived but Generall Major Lesly appointed me my Quarters and Poste to watch at The next day his Majesty directed Captaine Dumaine to mee with an Order under his Majesties Hand and Seale to place him Captaine over Bullion's Company The Order I reverently received and appointed the Cavalâ—ere the next day in the afternoone to come to mee â—eeing the next morning I was to ride to his Majesty being loath his Maiesty should diminish my priviledge having the freedome by his Majesties capitulation to place the Officers of the Regiment as they were vacant and not his Majesty having once disposed of that priviledge Being come to Colnoe I moved Sir
to theirs The night coming on we begunne our approaches and prepared for making readie of our Battailes where according to custome men were ordained to make Cannon Baskets some to provide materialls some to watch some to worke some to guard the Artillery and some to guard the work-men and some to guard the Colours before the Briggad the day approaching having made ready the Batteries in the night as also having wrought in the approaching by day the service on both sides beginneth with Cannon and Musket so that our Cannon off the water and from the other side did shoot blancke within the Towne which made great terrour amongst the Inhabitants the Bishop being removed towards Cowblance he did leave two thousand Spaniards within the Towne who were in doubt of the Burgers fidelitie neither yet did they expect any reliefe and the Towne being wide of circumference more than they were able to beset they begun betimes to thinke on Accord yet they resolved to make it the more honourable their best was to prolong time Colonell Axallilly a Swede being come to visit his Majestie having had no employment in the beleaguering being at supper with Colonell Hepburne and me on our Poste by our Guard-fire being merrily discoursing that if a mis-fortune should happen unto him there what should be thought of it having had no charge he having foretold a mishap unto himselfe the next day after dinner hard by me the legge was shot from him with a Cannon Bullet who after that was carried by my folkes unto his lodging and being cured served after with a treene or woodden legge At this Siege our Briggad did sustaine more hurt than the rest of the Armie being most employed on all commands boâ—h in respect of their valour and of the good conduct and fortune followed them and their Leaders The third day the Skonce without the Towne being hard pressed and we having on our quarter approached to the walles and the Towne from the waâ—er and from the Landgrave side having sustained great losse by their Cannon The enemy finding there was no hope of reliefe he entered in a Treatie and gave up the Towne on accord being suffered to march out without Armes they were conveyed to Cowblance they being gone Quarters were made for the whole foote within the Towne where three dayes before Christmasse we were quartered and remained there being lodged in the extremitie of the cold with the Hopstaffe to the fifth of March 1632. The twenty-fourth Observation HIS Majestie of Sweden having crost the Rhine the Prisoners that were long banished being ten yeares out of the Paltz were then incouraged by their libertie attained unto through the valour and wisedome of his Majestie of Sweden who did bring the keyes of the prison and of their houses and the passe once opened they begunne to returne home and the strangers removed they rejoyced at their home coming in the entertaining of their friends that fought for them and they did perceive the terrour and feare of their enemies that drew all unto Franckendale as unto the strongest corner of their feeble hearts where it was evident to see their removing from all was drawing neere Franckendale being blocked up and victualls debarred from them it was impossible for them to subsist long I did observe here at the in-taking of Mentz that toyle travell danger and resolution were our best meanes in getting this Towne in three dayes time our Cannon having from the Hessen side so spoyled the Burgers on the streets and within their houses finding their owne hurt being stronger than the Garrison forced the Garrison to Accord by that meanes preventing their owne ruine and the losse of their goods if the Towne had beene taken by storme of hand And therefore for sparing of their Citie they promised his Majestie for keeping good order threescore thousand Dollers Likewise I did observe by Axallillies losse of his legge that many times hurt comes to men in that kinde as a presage of worldly lucke in getting as they say something to the sore foote for he before this being but meane in estate and employment was afterwards made rich by governements Divers others I could instance under our Armie were advanced to riches after receiving of meane hurts and on meane occasions of service as this was being but a looker on But for me let me have health and glad povertie with credit for riches I desire not if that I may have more of credit than othâ—rs and that shall be my prayer to keepe my minde in an invincible place that externall things move me not neither would I suffer fortune to be able with her threatnings to pierce me having tryed sharper that could not dare Let us then be content with our lot and though the meanes we should live on be detained from us yet let us wrong no body by oppression in conquering by unlawfull meanes and doubtlesse the Lord will conserve our healths and sustaine our bodies with sufficiency and so being honest we neede never be ashamed to be thought poore in mens esteeme being rich in Christ. Here also I did observe that oftentimes those that durst not lift up their heads in time of danger doe often better speed and thrive in worldly things than those that merit the best as was seene on those Briggads entred first into Mentz that did get both Prisoners and spoyle with the best Quarters when others that deserved better were worse quartered in emptie houses while as other Colonells and Souldiers of farre lesse deserving were making up of estates for their posteritie in better Quarters within the Paltz and Franckonie But on the contrary valourous men their labours and travells ought to be rewarded with honour and profit by those they did truely serve For if great undertakings in this kinde before Townes in extremitie of danger were nobly recompenced with great rewards that would incourage men againe to refuse nothing to be undertaken that was honourable and on the contrary nothing discontents worthy men more than to be rewarded like Cowards and those that stood out the danger like those that durst not lift head when the storme blew and when the hope of reward is the comfort of mens labours than all toyle seemes to be easie and it is a hard thing when the diligent and industrious is disappointed of his hyre and when he is rewarded with injury who did merit well this of all evills is most unsufferable when he must suffer losse that expected helpe for on the contrary it were more just that notable vertues should be notably rewarded with badges of honour to make all others treade in the glorious path of vertue and well-doing The twenty-fifth Dutie discharged of my March with a partie to the Mosell WHile we lay at Mentz his Majestie having heard that the Spaniard had set over a strong Armie at Spier of intention to fall on the Rhinegrave his Regiment of horse lying in the hinder Paltz betwixt Bachrach and the Mosell who
Squadrons in their marching till they were led up in equall Front with the other Pikes and then march up the last thirty-two Rots of Musketiers in foure Divisions observing the order of the former Divisions till they were in equall Front with the whole Pikes and then they making up the left wing of the Briggad the Colonell of the Briggad ordaines the battell of Pikes being the middle Squadron of Pikes to advance in one body before the rest till they are free of the Musketiers and Pikes which makes the wings of the Briggad and then the battaile of Pikes standing firme the thirty-two Rot of Musketiers which were drawne up behinde them march up till they fill up the voide betwixt the Squadrons of pikes standing right behinde their owne pikes that is the battaile of the Briggad and then the Colonell making a signe to the Drummers they beate all alike till the Briggad in one instant doth order their Armes all Officers of the Briggad standing on their stations according as they were directed then the superplus of the three Squadrons of musketiers being fourty-eight Rot are drawne up behinde the Briggad having also Officers to command them they attend orders which they are to obey being commanded out as pleaseth their Officers either to guard Cannon or Baggage or to be Convoyes to bring Amunition or victualls to the rest A direction to Traine single Souldiers apart HAving thus formed a Company and showne the manner to draw up a complete Briggad for the younger Officer his better understanding being a Novice to this Discipline I will set downe briefely the best way suddenly to bring a young Company to be exercised which in my opinion would be thus First since every Rot of the twenty-one whereof the Company doth consist hath allowed a Corporall or a Rot-master as the Leader of the other five which Leader is supposed to be more expert in handling of Pike or Musket then the other five who make up the Rot and the under Rot-master is supposed to be more expert in handling his Armes than the other foure so that he is appointed as a second to the Leader being sometimes a Leader himselfe then after the company is made up for the first weeke I would have every Corporall of the six and the fifteene Rot-masters being Leaders with the helpe of their under Rot-masters in a weekes time to make the other foure as expert in handling of Pike and Musket as themselves or to be punished with Irons in case of their neglect which the Sergeants should see done as they should answer to the Lievetenant the Lievetenant to the Captaine and the Captaine to the Major the Major to the Lievetenant Colonell and they all to the Colonell which they ought to practise in the fields apart till the Rot were acquainted every one with his Leader from the first to the last and while as the under Rot-master should turne Leader then all the followers before were then Leaders also and then the Rot being apart the middle man of the Rot should be taught to double to the Front till their deepe were three that was six before and in falling off againe the middle man should turne to the contrary side or hand he came up upon carrying their Armes handsomly free from others without making noise in their retiring to their former station and orders Likewise I would have the Corporall Rot-master or Leader being a Musketier having his Rot once expert in handling severally the Musket well then to discharge their Muskets in winning ground advancing to an enemy the Leader having discharged his musket standing still to blow his pannâ— and prime againe having cast off his loose powder then to cast about his Musket to his left side drawing backe with his Musket his left foote and hand till the mouth of the musket come right to his hand to charge againe in the same place standing firme till his follower marched by him on his right hand standing at the same distance before him that he stood behinde and then to give fire blowing his pan priming casting off and retiring his musket with his left hand and foote and to charge againe as is said and so forth one after another discharging at a like distance till at last the Rot-master should be under-rot and the under-rot Leader and then his follower marching up by him while as he is charging giving fire on the enemy and having discharged standing still also charging till in th' end the Rot-master come to be Leader againe and so forth still advancing per vices till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and Buts of Muskets Thus having exercised the Rots apart for a weeke or two doubtlesse they will become expert Souldiers in using their Armes when they are joyned in a strong body lesse or more The Pike men would be exercised also by Rots apart in the severall Postures thereof till they were acquainted also with their Leaders and were made expert in using their Pikes aright till thereafter the whole body of Pikes might be exercised apart with great ease to their Officers The Musketâ—ers being drawne in a body being sixteene or thirty-two men in Front being but six Rancks deepe the first Rancke discharging at once casting about their muskets and charging all alike the second Rancke marches through every follower going by on the right hand of his Leader standing before him at the distance they were behinde and then being firme they give fire all alike on their enemies blowing priming casting about and charging all alike where they stand till per vices the whole Ranckes have discharged and so forth ut antea successively advancing and giving-fire till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and being thus well exercised in advancing to the enemy and winning ground if through necessity they be forced to retire from an enemy losing ground they must also keepe their faces to their enemies the Reare being still in fire and the last Rancke having given fire they march through the Rancks till they that were last are first comming off and so per vices till they have made a safe retreate the Reare which is ever the Front coming from an enemy is in fire The manner to exercise a body of Musketiers TO exercise a Squadron of Musketiers how strong soever they be the number of Rancks being no deeper than six the files being even may be so many as your voice can extend to ever observing that your Command be given in the Front otherwise may breede disorder and before you begin to command you would enter first with a Prologue as good Orators commonly doe to reconciliat their hearers attendance even so you ought with an exhortation of attendance entreate but by way of command your Souldiers not to be gazing in time of their exercise but with stedfastnesse to settle their mindes on their exercise that they may the better observe and obey the words of command and
have seene a Battaile fought in the Fields in such a quarrell being led by such a magnanimous King of Heroick spirit that had much more on hazard that day than I had who had onely to hazard but my life and credit while as he a King was to hazard his life his Crowne his reputation and all for strangers Having thus the night before meditated I found a motion rejoycing my heart in making mee resolute to sight in this Cause being tied in dutie not onely for my person but also tied to give Counsaile and direction as the Lord did enable mee by giving instruction good heartning and good example to others who were bound to follow mee as I was bound to follow my Master the King seeing the Lord by his providence had brought mee thither with a number of my friends to follow and obey him as they were bound by oath to obey mee And then I thought with my selfe after I had awaked from sleepe going on to march that my life was much like a tale and that we should not care how long this life of ours should last but that wee should bee carefull how well our life should bee acted for it is no matter where wee end if wee end well and we should not aske when or where but we ought to bee ever mindfull how wee are prepared going to fight Nature did beget us miserable we live over-burthened with cares and like a flower wee vanish soone away and dye Our hunting then here and our care should bee onely for a perpetuall good name to leave behind us that so being absent wee are present and being dead wee live The sixteenth Duty discharged on our Fight at Leipsigh AS the Larke begunne to peepe the seventh of September 1631. having stood all night in battaile a mile from Tillies Armie in the morning the Trumpets sound to horse the Drummes calling to March being at our Armes and in readinesse having before meditated in the â—ight and resolved with our Consciences we begunne the morning with offering our soules and bodies as living Sacrifices unto God with Confession of our sinnes lifting up our hearts and hands to Heaven we begged for reconciliation in Christ by our publique prayers and secret sighes and groanes recommending our selves the successe and event of the day unto God our Father in Christ which done by us all we marched forwards in Gods name a little and then halted againe till the whole Armie both the Dukes and Ours were put in good Order our Armie marching on the right hand and the Dukes on the left our commanded Musketeres marching in the Van-Guarde being in one bodie before the Armie consisting of three Regiments whereof two of Scotts and one Dutch all Musketieres led by three Scotts Colonels men of valour and courage fit for the Commaund concredited unto them being made choice of as men that could fight Exemplarie to others viz. Sir Iames Ramsey called the Blacke Sir Iohn Hamilton and Robert Monro Baron of Fowles we marched thus both the Armies in Battaile Horse foote and Artillerie till about nine of the Clocke in the morning wee halted halfe a mile distant from the Emperiall Armie that were attending us in Battaile consisting of fortie foure thousand men horse and foote our Armie consisting of thirtie thousand men whereof to my judgement His Majesties Armie were eight thousand foote and seven thousand horse The Duke also would be eleven thousand foote and foure thousand horse having refreshed ourselves with victuals leaving our Coaches behind us The whole Armie did get greene Branches on their heads and the word was given God with us a little short speech made by His Majestie being in order of Battaile we marched towards the enemie who had taken the advantage of the ground having placed his Armie on a place called Gods Acre where their Generall did make choice of the ground most advantagious for his foote Artillerie and horses he also did beset the Dorpes that invironed the ground which was left for us with Dragoniers and Crabbats to incomber our wings by their evill Neighbourhood yet notwithstanding of all the advantages hee had of Ground Wind and Sunne our magnanimous King and Leader under God inferiour to no Generall we ever reade of for wisedome courage dexteritie and good Conduct he was not dejected but with magnanimitie and Christian resolution having recommended himselfe his Armie and successe to God the Director of men and Angells able to give victory with few against many He ordered his Armie and directed every supreame Officer of the Field on their particular charge and stations committed unto them for that day As also he acquainted them severally of the forme he was to fight unto and he appointed Plottons of Musketiers by fifties which were commanded by sufficient Officers to attend on severall Regiments of horse and he instructed the Officers how to behave themselves in discharging their duties on service Likewise he directed the Officers belonging to the Artillery how to carry themselves which orderly done the commanded Musketiers were directed to their stand where to fight his Majestie then led up the foure Briggads of foote which were appointed to be the Battaile of the Armie with a distance betwixt every Briggad that a Regiment of horse might march out in grosse betwixt the Briggads all foure being in one front having their Ordnance planted before every Briggad being foure pieces of great Cannon and eight small whereof foure stood before the Colours that were the Battaile of the Briggad with Amunition and Constables to attend them on the right hand Pikes before the Colours were the other foure pieces of Cannon with Amunition and Constables conforme and on the left wing of Pikes and Colours were placed the other foure pieces of Cannon as we said before Behinde these foure Briggads were drawne up the three Briggads of Reserve with their Artillery before them standing at a proportionable distance behinde the other foure Briggads with the like distance betwixt them as was betwixt the Briggads of the Battaile The Briggads of horse which had Plottons of Musketiers to attend them were placed on the right and left wings of the foote and some were placed betwixt the Battaile of foote and the Reserve to second the foote as neede were other Briggads of horse were drawne up behinde the Reserve of the foote Briggads The Felt-marshall Horne Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtish were commanded to over-see the Horsemen his Majestie the Baron Tyvell and Grave Neles were to command the Battaile of foote Sir Iames Ramsey as eldest Colonell had the command of the fore-Troopes or commanded Musketiers and Sir Iohn Hepburne as eldest Colonell commanded the three Briggads of Reserve Our Armie thus ordered the Duke of Saxon and his Feltmarshall Arnhem having ordered their Armie whereof I was not particâ—larly inquisitive of the manner they were ordained to draw up on our left hand and being both in one front thus ordered we marched in Battaile a little and
then halted againe till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen on the wings of the Armie a large distance from the body to scoure the fields of the Crabbats we marched againe in order of Battaile with Trumpets sounding Drummes beating and Colours advanced and flying till we came within reach of Cannon to our enemies Armie then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground with their Plottons of shot to attend them As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground during which time we were drawne up according to our former plot the enemy was thundering amongst us with the noise and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets where you may imagine the hurt was great the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing though martiall I confesse yet if you can have so much patience with farre lesse danger to reade this dutie to an end you shall finde the musicke well paide but with such Coyne that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it being over-joyed in their flying By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September in despight of the fury of the enemies Cannon and of his advantages taken they were drawne up in even front with the enemy and then our Cannon begun to roare great and small paying the enemy with the like coyne which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe during which time our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us which was diligently looked unto on all hands by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians every Officer standing firme over-seeing their Commands in their owne stations succeeding one another as occasion offered By halfe three our Cannon a little ceasing the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another our Horsemen with a resolution abiding unloosing a Pistoll till the enemy had discharged first and then at a neere distance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve then our horsemen discharged their Pistolls and then charged through them with swords and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers you may imagine how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner and repulsed Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order with resolution he charged the enemies left wing forcing them to retire disorderly on their battailes of foote which caused disorder among the foote who were forced then to fall to the right hand our Horsemen retiring his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder played with Ordnance amongst them during which time the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them they were put to the Rout horse and foote and the enemy following them cryed Victoria as if the day had beene wonne triumphing before the victory But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote where their Generall stood they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh our Armie of foote standing firme not having loosed one Musket the smoake being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hepburne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers oâ—her Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant