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to_o learn_v the_o right_a use_n of_o his_o arm_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v make_v a_o man_n more_o complete_a nor_o fit_a for_o to_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o soldier_n neither_o can_v any_o man_n whatever_o attain_v to_o the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o art-military_a which_o concern_v infantry_n or_o foot-soldier_n without_o the_o well_o manage_v and_o well_o handle_v of_o their_o arms._n how_o delightful_a be_v it_o to_o those_o who_o can_v perform_v this_o first_o part_n and_o with_o what_o ease_n courage_n and_o safety_n can_v they_o both_o defend_v themselves_o and_o offend_v their_o enemy_n where_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o chief_a arm_n without_o exercise_n become_v not_o only_o troublesome_a burden_n unto_o the_o unskilful_a bearer_n but_o oftentimes_o prove_v hurtful_a and_o dangerous_a both_o to_o themselves_o and_o other_o therefore_o i_o can_v wish_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o may_v be_v consider_v by_o all_o who_o intend_v any_o proficiency_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o art_n military_a first_o to_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o posture_n and_o well_o handle_v of_o their_o arm_n that_o like_o that_o resolute_a spartan_a isada_n agesilao_n plut._n in_o agesilao_n they_o may_v with_o art_n and_o courage_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n defend_v both_o their_o king_n and_o country_n if_o this_o in_o our_o militia_n whereof_o i_o be_o a_o member_n be_v but_o consider_v and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o reasonable_a time_n set_v apart_o once_o in_o every_o year_n for_o a_o private_a exercise_n and_o once_o every_o year_n for_o a_o general_n muster_v â—…o_o doubt_v but_o there_o will_v be_v give_v such_o account_n to_o the_o world_n as_o will_v make_v this_o kingdom_n not_o only_o famous_a but_o fear_v by_o the_o whole_a world_n what_o exercise_n do_v for_o the_o make_n of_o good_a soldier_n experience_n of_o former_a time_n will_v teach_v it_o have_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o all_o famous_a general_n to_o bring_v their_o soldier_n to_o 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of_o sound_n and_o perfect_a skill_n no_o man_n be_v natural_o bear_v a_o soldier_n one_o may_n more_o incline_v to_o war_n than_o another_o but_o the_o skill_n come_v not_o without_o industry_n and_o pain_n city_n pain_n plutarch_n in_o pelop._n eurotas_n be_v a_o river_n near_o lacedaemon_n babyx_n and_o gnation_n be_v two_o river_n within_o tâ—e_v city_n plutarch_n say_v that_o it_o be_v neither_o eurotas_n nor_o the_o place_n betwixt_o babyx_n and_o gnation_n that_o bring_v forth_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a man_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o in_o all_o place_n in_o england_n where_o youth_n be_v breed_v up_o in_o shame_n of_o vice_n and_o boldness_n to_o undergo_v peril_n for_o virtue_n sake_n the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v account_v the_o most_o valiant_a people_n of_o greece_n lycur_n greece_n plutarch_n in_o lycur_n plutarch_n speak_v this_o of_o the_o victory_n which_o the_o theban_n obtain_v against_o the_o lacedaemonian_n which_o till_o that_o day_n have_v no_o reputation_n of_o valour_n but_o afterward_o by_o exercise_n and_o use_v of_o arm_n under_o epaminondas_n and_o pelopidas_n they_o become_v the_o brave_a soldier_n of_o greece_n not_o unlike_o be_v the_o say_n of_o pyrrhus_n to_o his_o muster-master_n choose_v you_o say_v he_o good_a body_n and_o i_o will_v make_v they_o good_a soldier_n a_o strong_a body_n be_v most_o requisite_a in_o a_o good_a soldier_n to_o undergo_v the_o labour_n of_o war_n 1._o war_n vegetius_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o but_o it_o be_v exercise_n and_o the_o desire_n to_o handle_v weapon_n that_o give_v the_o perfect_a skill_n therefore_o as_o 22._o as_o cicer._n in_o brut._n a._n 22._o demosthenes_n be_v demand_v what_o be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a thing_n in_o the_o art_n oratory_n answer_v action_n what_o the_o second_o action_n what_o the_o three_o action_n so_o we_o may_v true_o say_v that_o in_o the_o art_n military_a exercise_n be_v not_o only_o the_o first_o second_o and_o three_o principal_a thing_n to_o make_v a_o soldier_n but_o also_o all_o in_o all_o i_o can_v have_v give_v you_o a_o particular_a of_o the_o exercise_n use_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o victory_n which_o have_v be_v obtain_v by_o a_o small_a number_n of_o man_n well_o exercise_v against_o a_o multitude_n unskilful_a and_o untrained_a but_o be_v not_o at_o all_o pertinent_a to_o my_o intent_n and_o have_v too_o much_o transgress_v already_o i_o leave_v the_o curious_a to_o peruse_v those_o several_a author_n that_o have_v write_v at_o large_a of_o this_o subject_a viz._n xenophon_n vegetius_n cicero_n homer_n justin_n and_o other_o while_o i_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o touch_n upon_o the_o definition_n of_o posture_n chap._n ii_o the_o definition_n of_o posture_n posture_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v a_o garb_n or_o figure_n that_o a_o man_n stand_v in_o for_o the_o well_o handle_v of_o his_o arm_n in_o which_o there_o be_v motion_n attendant_a unto_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a grace_n and_o become_v of_o they_o likewise_o by_o motion_n it_o convey_v a_o neat_a agility_n of_o the_o body_n whereby_o the_o right_a handle_n of_o their_o arm_n be_v achieve_v and_o so_o become_v easy_a motion_n be_v the_o work_a part_n posture_n the_o alteration_n or_o act_n either_o in_o circumstance_n or_o matter_n as_o to_o rest_n your_o musket_n be_v one_o posture_n to_o shoulder_v your_o musket_n another_o so_o likewise_o for_o the_o rest_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n now_o as_o to_o the_o posture_n themselves_o i_o shall_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n before_o i_o begin_v the_o posture_n of_o the_o musket_n conceive_v the_o pike_n which_o mr._n elton_n and_o likewise_o the_o 12._o the_o aelian_a cap._n 12._o tactic_n of_o aelian_a make_v plain_a to_o be_v the_o more_o ancient_a and_o therefore_o the_o more_o honourable_a arm_n which_o have_v be_v the_o reason_n as_o i_o conceive_v why_o so_o many_o gallant_a gentleman_n have_v trail_v pike_n of_o late_a year_n both_o in_o holland_n and_o elsewhere_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o pike_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n command_n handle_n raise_v up_o your_o pike_n to_o your_o open_a order_n order_n close_o order_n order_n and_o open_a order_n i_o conceive_v only_o serve_v as_o a_o handsome_a posture_n for_o the_o pike_n to_o be_v in_o upon_o a_o stand_n or_o when_o their_o arm_n be_v to_o be_v view_v by_o the_o muster-master_n upon_o a_o muster_n day_n it_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n in_o ancient_a time_n to_o charge_n to_o the_o horse_n by_o put_v the_o but_o end_n of_o the_o pike_n at_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o right_a foot_n which_o be_v call_v close_a order_n your_o pike_n in_o the_o left_a hand_n draw_v your_o sword_n over_o your_o left_a arm._n but_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o best_a soldier_n that_o it_o be_v a_o weak_a charge_n and_o of_o no_o use_n for_o defence_n therefore_o i_o omit_v the_o charge_n and_o proceed_v command_n from_o order_n advance_v shoulder_n port_n comport_v cheek_n trail_v your_o pike_n order_n as_o you_o be_v before_o i_o proceed_v i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o silence_n ought_v to_o be_v command_v and_o by_o the_o soldier_n diligent_o obey_v command_n from_o your_o order_n charge_n to_o the_o front_n right_o leave_v rear_n order_n as_o you_o be_v note_v that_o charge_v to_o the_o rear_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v always_o to_o the_o leave_v about_o because_o it_o be_v three_o time_n the_o near_a way_n command_n advance_v shoulder_n port_n comport_v cheek_n trail_v your_o pike_n advance_v as_o you_o be_v note_v that_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o pike_n be_v useful_a when_o the_o drum_n beat_v a_o troop_n it_o be_v likewise_o useful_a upon_o all_o doubling_n counter-marche_n and_o wheeling_n only_o remember_v they_o conform_v to_o the_o stand_a party_n
half-file_n 4_o 3_o half_a file-leader_n 5_o 6_o middleman_n 6_o 2_o bringer_n up_o number_n 8_o 7_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o place_v 2_o 6_o 7_o 3_o 4_o 8_o 5_o 2_o number_n 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 8_o 3_o place_v 2_o 6_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 2_o 4_o 4_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 4_o 3_o 3_o 5_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 3_o 4_o 7_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o 5_o 6_o 7_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 6_o 2_o 8_o a_o rank_n 654321_o a_o rank_n dignify_v 263451_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o several_a author_n be_v of_o several_a opinion_n in_o this_o point_n so_o i_o will_v leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o fancy_n and_o only_o set_v down_o the_o opinion_n of_o captain_n bingham_n in_o this_o point_n which_o be_v very_o clear_a 10._o aelion_n tactic_n lib._n 1._o the_o note_n of_o cap._n 10._o his_o analogy_n be_v thus_o that_o if_o four_o magnitude_n be_v propound_v in_o proportion_n that_o which_o arise_v of_o the_o first_o and_o four_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o so_o that_o the_o first_o tetrarch_n be_v allow_v the_o first_o place_n of_o dignity_n and_o be_v place_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n wing_n the_o second_o be_v place_v on_o the_o outside_n point_v of_o the_o left_a hand_n wing_n the_o three_o next_o he_o in_o the_o left_a wing_n on_o his_o right_a hand_n towards_o the_o middle_a section_n the_o four_o in_o the_o right_a wing_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o towards_o the_o middle_a section_n thus_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 1_o 5_o 5_o which_o come_v out_o of_o a_o geometrical_a proportion_n which_o proportion_n give_v law_n to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o command_n be_v they_o never_o so_o many_o and_o likewise_o for_o the_o soldier_n be_v they_o never_o so_o many_o the_o rule_n be_v this_o 19_o eucl._n l._n 7._o pr._n 19_o four_o magnitude_n which_o equal_o exceed_v the_o one_o the_o other_o be_v compare_v together_o that_o which_o arise_v of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o four_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o which_o arise_v of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o and_o if_o the_o number_n produce_v of_o the_o first_o and_o four_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o produce_v of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o those_o four_o number_n shall_v be_v in_o proportion_n chap._n ix_o reason_n for_o precedence_n of_o dignity_n in_o rank_n and_o file_n be_v that_o perhaps_o some_o may_v stumble_v at_o this_o and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v superfluous_a and_o not_o necessary_a in_o discipline_n i_o will_v endeavour_v to_o give_v some_o reason_n for_o the_o several_a place_n of_o dignity_n in_o rank_n and_o file_n it_o be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o great_a commander_n that_o geometrical_a proportion_n give_v both_o life_n and_o be_v to_o orderly_a discipline_n if_o that_o be_v allow_v then_o consider_v that_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n ought_v to_o be_v answerable_a for_o see_v that_o the_o join_n of_o file_n and_o rank_n produce_v great_a body_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o a_o true_a proportion_n shall_v be_v keep_v throughout_o the_o whole_a battle_n so_o that_o the_o left_a wing_n may_v be_v equivalent_a in_o all_o respect_n of_o worth_n skill_n and_o valour_n to_o the_o right_n the_o rear_n to_o the_o front_n and_o the_o rear_n half_a file_n to_o the_o front_n half_a file_n and_o that_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v balance_v with_o true_a proportion_n so_o far_o as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o number_n of_o man_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o all_o the_o chief_a man_n shall_v be_v on_o the_o right_a flank_n and_o all_o the_o worst_a on_o the_o leave_v who_o must_v oppose_v the_o right_a flank_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o likewise_o the_o front_n to_o have_v in_o it_o all_o the_o best_a man_n and_o all_o the_o worst_a to_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n who_o be_v principal_o to_o defend_v that_o part_n if_o that_o at_o any_o time_n the_o enemy_n approach_v upon_o the_o rear_n it_o will_v be_v certain_o think_v a_o very_a indiscreet_a thing_n of_o that_o commander_n that_o shall_v so_o order_v his_o battle_n first_o therefore_o the_o file-leader_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o worthy_a because_o he_o not_o only_o command_v his_o file_n but_o make_v the_o first_o onset_n against_o his_o enemy_n second_o the_o bringer-up_a aught_o to_o be_v the_o second_o place_n in_o honour_n because_o he_o be_v the_o last_o man_n in_o the_o field_n march_v in_o the_o rear_n which_o upon_o all_o occasion_n of_o danger_n he_o ought_v to_o defend_v three_o the_o half_a file-leader_n be_v the_o three_o place_n of_o honour_n because_o he_o be_v the_o leader_n of_o the_o rear_n half_a file_n upon_o several_a motion_n as_o double_v the_o front_n either_o entire_a or_o divisional_a or_o upon_o any_o other_o double_v to_o the_o front_n four_o the_o last_o man_n or_o bringer_n up_o of_o the_o front_n half_a file_n be_v the_o four_o man_n in_o dignity_n for_o when_o the_o rear_n half_a file_n be_v command_v off_o he_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o defend_v the_o rear_n five_o the_o next_o man_n to_o the_o file-leader_n have_v the_o five_o place_n of_o honour_n for_o one_o double_v bring_v he_o to_o the_o front_n six_o the_o next_o and_o last_o place_n of_o honour_n be_v before_o the_o bringer_n up_o for_o if_o the_o body_n be_v face_v about_o one_o double_v bring_v he_o into_o the_o accidental_a front_n or_o keep_v his_o proper_a front_n by_o once_o double_v he_o become_v bringer_n up_o to_o the_o file-leader_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o this_o geometrical_a proportion_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v equivalent_a in_o skill_n and_o worth_n and_o as_o it_o be_v and_o indeed_o aught_o to_o be_v second_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o so_o long_o as_o life_n endure_v and_o then_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o they_o as_o plutarch_n write_v of_o the_o holy_a band_n of_o the_o theban_n a._n plutar._n in_o pelop._n a._n that_o it_o be_v never_o beat_v until_o the_o battle_n of_o cheroea_n after_o which_o battle_n philip_n the_o father_n of_o alexander_n survey_v the_o dead_a body_n and_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o these_o 300_o lay_n all_o close_a mingle_a one_o with_o another_o and_o strike_v through_o with_o the_o macedonian_a pike_n he_o wonder_v great_o but_o hear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o band_n of_o lover_n and_o belove_v weep_v and_o say_v evil_o may_v they_o perish_v that_o suspect_v any_o filthiness_n in_o deed_n or_o suffering_n to_o have_v be_v practise_v among_o such_o men._n so_o that_o you_o see_v that_o in_o all_o age_n care_n have_v be_v take_v to_o bestow_v honour_n upon_o those_o soldier_n who_o have_v make_v it_o their_o employ_v to_o deserve_v it_o and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n what_o indign_a punishment_n have_v be_v inflict_v upon_o all_o those_o who_o either_o careless_o or_o wilful_o neglect_v their_o duty_n i_o may_v have_v insert_v the_o several_a punishment_n that_o have_v be_v inflict_v upon_o the_o disobedient_a soldier_n but_o be_v not_o material_a i_o shall_v wave_v it_o and_o proceed_v chap._n x._o of_o the_o drum_n it_o be_v requisite_a in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o care_n be_v take_v that_o every_o soldier_n be_v right_o instruct_v in_o all_o military_a sign_n and_o direction_n for_o experience_n have_v sufficient_o teach_v that_o the_o neglect_n and_o error_n in_o the_o right_a understanding_n thereof_o have_v not_o only_o bring_v great_a inconvenience_n but_o the_o overthrow_n of_o great_a erterprise_n therefore_o the_o captain_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o circumspect_a that_o his_o soldier_n be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o all_o the_o sign_n of_o war_n which_o be_v only_o these_o three_o use_v viz._n a_o vocal_a a_o semivocal_a and_o a_o mute_n first_o a_o vocal_a sign_n be_v that_o when_o a_o captain_n or_o some_o other_o officer_n so_o immediate_o command_v that_o every_o soldier_n shall_v hear_v he_o distinct_o a_o semivocal_a sign_n be_v that_o which_o be_v 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