Selected quad for the lemma: order_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
order_n	hand_n	left_a	wheel_n	2,223	5	13.9627	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A31706	The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.; De bello civili. English	Caesar, Julius.; Edmondes, Clement, Sir, 1566 or 7-1622. Observations upon Caesars commentaries of the civil warres.; Hirtius, Aulus. De bello Gallico. Liber 8. English.; Edmondes, Clement, Sir, 1566 or 7-1622. Manner of our modern training or tactick practise.; Caesar, Julius. De bello Gallico. English.	1655 (1655)	Wing C199; ESTC R17666	660,153	403

luc._n lib._n 4._o imprudentium_fw-la fiducia_fw-la est_fw-la fortunam_fw-la sibi_fw-la spondere_fw-la seneca_n de_fw-fr beneficiis_fw-la incauta_fw-la semper_fw-la nimia_fw-la praesamptio_fw-la &_o svi_fw-la negligens_fw-la eg●sip_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-la instit_n cyri._fw-la caesar_n thucyd._n lib._n 7._o caesar_n ●aetis_fw-la h●nc_fw-la n●mine_fw-la rebus_fw-la ciescendi_fw-la posuere_fw-la modum_fw-la lucan_n eodem_fw-la ubi_fw-la laserunt_fw-la navigia_fw-la forbentur_fw-la seneca_n epist_n 4._o non_fw-fr est_fw-fr in_o b●llo_fw-la bis_fw-la pecca●e_fw-la plu●a●ch_n nullo_n contectus_fw-la curio_n busto_fw-la luc._n homer_n iliad_n 8._o caesar_n lib._n 6._o de_fw-la comitiis_fw-la lib._n 5._o anno_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 701._o liv._o lib._n 7._o liv._o lib._n 9_o 9_o four_o gallon_n and_o a_o half_a plin._n l._n 35._o cap._n 12._o 12._o lib._n 39_o lib._n 1._o offic_n nec_fw-la enim_fw-la 〈◊〉_d vehementius_fw-la rempub_fw-la conti●t_fw-la quam_fw-la side_n lib._n 2._o offic_n in_o the_o life_n of_o julius_n caesar_n lib._n 7._o lib._n 7._o 2._o offic._n vetus_fw-la urbi_fw-la foenebre_fw-la malum_fw-la &_o seditionum_fw-la discordiarumque_fw-la crebe●rima_fw-la causa_fw-la annal._n 6_o tull_n 2._o offic_n pecuniae_fw-la quarenten_a ratio_fw-la naturae_fw-la consentanea_fw-la omnibus_fw-la est_fw-la à_fw-la fructibus_fw-la &_o animalibus_fw-la de_fw-fr repub_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o caesar_n gen_n latinae_fw-la feriae_fw-la lib._n 4_o de_fw-la antiquit._fw-la rom._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 2_o appian_n lib._n 4._o caesar_n iliad_n 6._o 12_o metam_fw-la just_a lib._n 1._o herodot_n lib._n 2._o treble_a pol_n sigism_n ba●in_v musc●●_n quod_fw-la fonestias_n quam_fw-la ●xo●i●m_fw-la levamentum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d tac._n l._n 3._o annal._n vix_fw-la praesenti_fw-la custedia_fw-la manere_fw-la illaesa_fw-la conjugi●_n modem_n judg._n 9_o anno_fw-la 1595._o caesar_n qui_fw-la sapiunt_fw-la bellum_fw-la absolvunt_fw-la celeriter_fw-la pace_fw-la fru●ntur_fw-la quam_fw-la possant_fw-la 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gellio_n sallust_n caesar_n caesar_n rostra_fw-la omnia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d facilia_n quam_fw-la 〈…〉_z de_fw-fr mechani●is_fw-la livy_n lib._n 8._o plutarch_n caesar_n incertae_fw-la sunt_fw-la res_fw-la bellicae_fw-la thucyd._n caesar_n aeneid_n 2._o homer_n 9_o iliad_n 〈◊〉_d lib._n 8._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gallico_n uladislaus_n audaces_fw-la fortuna_fw-la iuvat_fw-la virtus_fw-la omne_fw-la potest_fw-la virtute_fw-la faciendum_fw-la est_fw-la quicquid_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la bellicis_fw-la est_fw-la gerendum_fw-la plutarch_n 6_o metamer_n nunquam_fw-la ita_fw-la quilquam_fw-la bene_fw-la subducta_fw-la ratione_fw-la ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la fait_fw-fr quin_fw-la res_fw-la aetas_fw-la usus_fw-la sen_fw-la 〈◊〉_d aliquid_fw-la 〈…〉_z t●ren_n 〈◊〉_d multi_fw-la homines_fw-la pau●i_fw-la vi●i_fw-la herod_n lib._n 7._o 〈◊〉_d say_v that_o the_o roman_n 〈◊〉_d the_o siege_n of_o ve●ente_n be_v out_o of_o humane_a hope_n turn_v their_o eye_n to_o fate_n and_o the_o hope_v they_o have_v in_o destiny_n caesar_n caesar_n a_o hill_n separate_v syria_n from_o cilicia_n columnaria_fw-la osti●●●_n propter_fw-la aurum_fw-la &_o argentum_fw-la nunquam_fw-la pacem_fw-la facit_fw-la ferrum_fw-la lib._n 14._o epist_n 93._o ferrum_fw-la omnis_fw-la artis_fw-la instrumentum_fw-la aurum_fw-la &_o atgentum_fw-la mortis_fw-la mancipia_fw-la epictetus_n capitatio_fw-la ostiaria_n columnariae_n 31_o ad_fw-la atticum_fw-la epist_n 1._o in_o the_o pa●pacy_n of_o sixt._n quin●us_n fiscus_n reipub_fw-la lie_v quod_fw-la eo_fw-la c●escente_fw-la artus_fw-la reliqui_fw-la tabescunt_fw-la sext._n aurelius_n victor_n in_o parae●et_o 2_o de_fw-fr offic._n plutarch_n bella_fw-la sustentantu●_n pecuni●rum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d dion_n 〈…〉_z 6._o ann._n l._n 13._o caesar_n quae_fw-la libera_fw-la appellabatur_fw-la appellabatur_fw-la lep●nto_fw-la in_o macedonia_n quae_fw-la velint_fw-la sibi_fw-la candida_fw-la nasci_fw-la ad_fw-la halia●monem_fw-la ducere_fw-la quae_fw-la ●ugra_fw-mi &_o 〈◊〉_d ad_fw-la axium_fw-la caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n biremes_n 〈◊〉_d hostium_fw-la discessiones_fw-la semper_fw-la suspectas_fw-la habere_fw-la cap._n 5._o 5_o cyropaed_n caesar_n 〈…〉_z petram_fw-la lucan_n actus_fw-la activorum_fw-la in_o patientis_fw-la sunt_fw-la dispositione_n arist_n metaph._n caesar_n ex_fw-la sub●●actis_fw-la &_o cen_n conibus_fw-la contemprares_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la nisi_fw-la supra_fw-la humana_fw-la se_fw-la ●rexit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ratione_fw-la i_fw-it 〈…〉_z i●●_n caesar_n caesar_n pl●ta●ch_n lib._n 3._o c._n 59_o labour_n militiae_fw-la assidua_fw-la fr●ga_fw-la itatis_fw-la con●●●tudine_fw-la factlior_fw-la est_fw-la justin_n cy●us_n content_v with_o bread_n and_o water_n xenophon_n aequalem_fw-la oportet_fw-la semper_fw-la esse_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la animum_fw-la m●tari_fw-la enim_fw-la pro_fw-la terum_fw-la varie●atibus_fw-la mentis_fw-la instabilis_fw-la argumentum_fw-la efficitur_fw-la agap●tus_fw-la unus_n homo_fw-la nobis_fw-la cunctando_fw-la restitute_a rem_fw-la enn._n lib._n 6._o de_fw-fr cyropaed_n there_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o history_n in_o this_o place_n omit_v caesar_n al●ae_fw-la sunt_fw-la legati_fw-la par●es_fw-la atque_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la ●vocati_fw-la millibus_fw-la ducentis_fw-la aeris_fw-la prin●ipilus_n solon_n plat._n ●_o de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d livi●_n lib._n 4._o lib._n 6._o in_o vita_fw-la cae●●is_fw-la in_o repub_fw-la multo_fw-it praestat_fw-la beneficii_fw-la q●●m_fw-la ma●●ficii_fw-la immemorem_fw-la esse_fw-la bone_fw-la signior_n ●it_n ubi_fw-la negligas_fw-la m●●as_fw-la improbior_fw-la sal._n juger_n caesar_n et_fw-fr mor●u_fw-fr spoliare_fw-la nemus_fw-la lethumq●e_fw-la minantes_fw-la vellere_fw-la a●_n ignotis_fw-la dubias_fw-la radicibus_fw-la ●erbas_fw-la si_fw-mi bonam_fw-la dederitis_fw-la fidam_fw-la &_o perpetu●m_fw-la 〈…〉_z diutur●●m_o li●_n lib._n 8._o 〈◊〉_d est_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la exp●gnet_fw-la pert●n●●x_fw-la opera_fw-la &_o intenta_fw-la &_o diligens_fw-la cura_fw-la senec._n lib._n 6._o epist_n 51._o plin._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 4._o caesar_n poenam_fw-la semper_fw-la an●e_fw-la oculos_fw-la versari_fw-la putent_fw-la qui_fw-la peccaverunt_fw-la cic._n ●n_o ●rat_n 〈◊〉_d milone_n lib._n 5._o cy●op_n caesar_n arma_fw-la alienasse_n grave_n ●rim●n_fw-fr est_fw-fr &_o ●a_n poe●a_fw-la de●ertioni_fw-la ex●quatur_fw-la utique_fw-la si_fw-la tota_fw-la alien●vit_fw-la lib._n 14._o §_o de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la vir_fw-la virtute_fw-la ex_fw-la mi●s_fw-la aliqu●ndo_fw-la fortuna_fw-la semper●a_fw-la imo_fw-la maximus_fw-la caesar_n caesar_n e●itius_n sapiens_fw-la non_fw-la semper_fw-la it●_n uno_fw-la gradu_fw-la 〈…〉_z herodot_n 〈◊〉_d omne_fw-la expensa_fw-la omne_fw-la feruntur_fw-la acceptant_a &_o in_o tota_fw-la ratiore_fw-la mortalium_fw-la s●la_fw-la utt●●que_fw-la paginam_fw-la facit_fw-la plin._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 7._o caesar_n humana●um_fw-la rerum_fw-la ●●●culus_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la ro●atus_fw-la semper_fw-la ●osdem_fw-la fortunatos_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la sinit_fw-la herodot_n lib._n 1._o habet_fw-la have_v vice_n conditio_fw-la mortalium_fw-la ut_fw-la adu●rsi_fw-la ex_fw-la secundis_fw-la secunda_fw-la ex_fw-la adversis_fw-la nascantur_fw-la p●in_n in_o paneg._n herodot_n lib._n 1._o l●●vento_fw-it è_fw-it spesso_fw-it judice_fw-la non_fw-la imperito_fw-la dell_fw-it cose_z guic●_n lib._n 5._o caesar_n the_o philosoph●●_n c●ator_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o 〈…〉_z occasion_n of_o a_o ill_a 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o great_a comfort_n in_o any_o 〈◊〉_d of_o adversity_n pla●_n in_o c●ns_n apo._n 〈…〉_z prae_fw-la ●orum_fw-la del●cta_fw-la 〈◊〉_d non_fw-la ac●●piunt_fw-la ve●●t_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 14._o finem_fw-la dolendi_fw-la qui_fw-la consilio_fw-la non_fw-la fecerit_fw-la tempore_fw-la invenit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d epist_n 64._o lib._n 2._o livy_n 31._o livy_n 27._o lib._n 2._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la front_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o caesar_n lib._n 5._o de_fw-fr milit._n ro._n cap._n 14._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 1_o caesar_n human●tum_fw-la actionum_fw-la fel●_n itas_fw-la infeli_fw-it 〈…〉_z rerum_fw-la particulis_fw-la quae_fw-la multae_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o vary_v sed_fw-la ex_fw-la eventis_fw-la judi_fw-la intu●_fw-la diony_n hal._n lib._n 9_o caesar_n after_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n lib._n 5._o obsidio_fw-la ejus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la quam_fw-la cito_fw-la capere_fw-la velis_fw-la &_o utgenda_fw-la &_o premenda_fw-la lib._n 6._o de_fw-la instit_n cyri._fw-la bello_fw-la lex_fw-la acquirendi_fw-la justissima_fw-la diony_n 〈◊〉_d in_o exper_n legate_n polyb._n lib._n 8_o caesar_n comineus_n in_o orat_fw-la pro_fw-la pla●●o_n virtus_fw-la felicitatis_fw-la mensura_fw-la non_fw-la fo●tuna_fw-la dio._n h●licarn_n lib._n 2._o caesar_n prima_fw-la egregiorum_fw-la ducum_fw-la sapientia_fw-la victoriam_fw-la si●e_fw-la periculo_fw-la comparare_fw-la polyae_n lib._n 1_o stratag_n lib._n 7._o lib._n 3._o excid_n 2._o offic._n 〈◊〉_d in_o manibus_fw-la vestris_fw-la quantus_fw-la sit_fw-la caesar_n habetis_fw-la lucan_n lib._n 7._o lib._n 2._o cap._n 3_o singulas_fw-la cohortes_fw-la detraxit_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o caesar_n plutarch_n lucan_n lib._n 4._o homer_n iliad_n 3._o lib._n 4._o cap._n 2._o lib._n 7._o lib._n 4._o cap._n 7._o in_o the_o life_n of_o pompey_n florus_n lib._n 4._o infelix_fw-la quanta_fw-la dominum_fw-la virtute_fw-la para●●●_n caesar_n utilis_fw-la &_o tuta_fw-la res_fw-la dilato_fw-la diony_n halicar_n lib._n 8._o non_fw-la commitruntur_fw-la reg●●is_fw-la trire●es_fw-la aut_fw-la loca_fw-la aut_fw-la legiones_fw-la aut_fw-la arces_fw-la sed_fw-la verba_fw-la &_o tempora_fw-la demost_a de_fw-fr falsa_fw-la legatione_fw-la 1._o labour_n in_o n●gotio_n 2._o fortitudo_fw-la in_o periculo_fw-la 3._o indu●tria_n in_o agendo_fw-la 4._o celeritas_fw-la in_o consiciendo_fw-la be_v caesar_n property_n caesar_n interd●●_n majores_fw-la copiae_fw-la sternuntur_fw-la à_fw-la minoribus_fw-la 〈…〉_z lib._n 8._o lib._n 8._o caesar_n pompeius_n trogus_n lib._n 6._o lib._n 8._o caesar_n pomp●ius_n 〈…〉_z esse_fw-la non_fw-la po●et_fw-la risi_fw-la beneficio_fw-la servitutis_fw-la 5._o the_o 〈◊〉_d 16_o 5._o polit._n nil_fw-la nimium_fw-la cupito_fw-la be_v write_v in_o golden_a letter_n at_o delphos_n justum_fw-la bellum_fw-la esse_fw-la iis_fw-la quibus_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la spes_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la machiav_n nusquana_n g●ntium_fw-la r●peritur_fw-la qui_fw-la possit_fw-la penibus_fw-la approbart_n mors_fw-la omnium_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-la per_fw-la quae_fw-la venit_fw-la diversi_fw-la sunt_fw-la id_fw-la in_o quod_fw-la defini●unam_fw-la est_fw-la epist_n 67._o homines_fw-la sicut_fw-la pomi_fw-la a●t_fw-la matura_fw-la cadu●t_fw-la aut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d plut._n in_o vi●a_n rompeii_n mors_fw-la naturae_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la mors_fw-la tribu●um_fw-la officiumque_fw-la mortalium_fw-la sene●●_n natural_a quaest_n ●_o fabius_n dictus_fw-la maximus_fw-la scipio_n magnus_fw-la polyaenus_n lib._n 8._o epist_n 100_o this_o tha●●_n follow_v seem_v of_o another_o stile_n the_o priest_n of_o egypt_n say_v that_o whensoever_o the_o axe_n and_o the_o bundle_n of_o rod_n come_v into_o alexandria_n the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n shall_v present_o case_n according_a as_o it_o be_v write_v in_o a_o column_n of_o gold_n at_o memphis_n lib._n 2._o ep._n 8._o lib._n 15._o cap._n 18._o lib._n 5._o cap._n 9_o a_o file_n the_o leader_n battallion_n a_o rank_n or_o front_n sideman_n the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o a_o battallion_n un●●rtain_a the_o length_n breadth_n o●_n depth_n dignity_n in_o place_n to_o be_v observe_v the_o first_o rank_n the_o bringer_n up_o or_o tergiductores_fw-la or_o last_v rank_n the_o second_o and_o nine_o rank_n the_o five_o and_o six_o rank_n file_n the_o right-hand_a file_n the_o left-hand_a file_n distance_n between_o file_n and_o rank_n open_v order_n order_n close_o order_n pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n the_o manner_n of_o charge_v with_o five_o rank_n stand_v in_o front_n in_o 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reduce_v they_o 〈◊〉_d in_o into_o the●r_n first_o front_n the_o manner_n of_o cha●ging_a pike_n with_o pike_n five_o rank_n only_o by_o the_o whole_a depth_n to_o charge_v with_o musketeer_n there_o must_v not_o be_v too_o many_o in_o a_o rank_n in_o the_o retreat_n the_o manner_n of_o charge_v by_o ●iles_n in_o narrow_a passage_n in_o the_o pase_n of_o ireland_n by_o sign_n by_o drum_n or_o trumpet_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n the_o most_o usual_a direct_v term_n in_o exercise_v a_o ba●●allion_n or_o division_n

and_o wealth_n &_o term_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o hastati_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o at_o their_o first_o institution_n they_o fight_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o javelin_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v hasta_n but_o before_o polybius_n his_o time_n they_o use_v pile_n notwithstanding_o their_o ancient_a name_n continue_v unto_o the_o late_a time_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o three_o choice_n which_o they_o make_v be_v of_o the_o strong_a &_o lustiest-bodied_n man_n who_o for_o the_o prime_n of_o their_o age_n be_v call_v principes_fw-la principes_fw-la the_o rest_n that_o remain_v be_v name_v triarii_n triarii_fw-la as_o varro_n say_v quod_fw-la tertio_fw-la ordine_fw-la extremis_fw-la sub_fw-la sidio_fw-la deponuntur_fw-la these_o be_v always_o the_o elder_a and_o best-experienced_n man_n and_o be_v place_v in_o the_o three_o division_n of_o the_o battle_n as_o the_o last_o help_n and_o refuge_n in_o all_o extremity_n 〈◊〉_d polybius_n say_v that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o velite_n 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same_o word_n we_o call_v a_o court_n ●ust_z and_o varro_n give_v this_o reason_n of_o the_o metaphor_n as_o in_o a_o farm_n house_n say_v he_o many_o out-building_n join_v together_o make_v one_o enclosure_n so_o a_o cohort_n consist_v of_o several_a maniple_n join_v together_o in_o one_o body_n this_o cohort_n consist_v of_o three_o maniple_n for_o every_o legion_n have_v ten_o cohort_n which_o must_v necessary_o comprehend_v those_o thirty_o maniple_n but_o these_o three_o maniple_n be_v not_o all_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o soldier_n as_o three_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la three_o of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o three_o of_o the_o triarii_n as_o patricius_n in_o his_o paralleli_fw-la seem_v to_o affirm_v for_o so_o there_o will_v have_v remain_v a_o odd_a maniple_n in_o every_o kind_n that_o can_v not_o have_v be_v bring_v into_o any_o cohort_n but_o a_o cohort_n contain_v a_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la a_o maniple_a of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o a_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarii_n and_o so_o all_o the_o thirty_o maniple_n be_v include_v into_o ten_o cohort_n and_o every_o cohort_n be_v as_o a_o little_a legion_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o consist_v of_o all_o those_o sort_n of_o soldier_n that_o be_v in_o a_o legion_n so_o that_o make_v a_o legion_n to_o contain_v five_o thousand_o man_n a_o cohort_n have_v five_o hundred_o and_o so_o these_o six_o cohort_n which_o he_o encamp_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n under_o the_o command_n of_o titurius_n sabinus_n contain_v three_o thousand_o soldier_n but_o if_o you_o make_v a_o legion_n to_o consist_v but_o of_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o which_o be_v the_o more_o usual_a rate_n there_o be_v two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o soldier_n in_o these_o six_o cohort_n by_o this_o therefore_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o a_o legion_n consist_v of_o four_o sort_n of_o soldier_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o ten_o cohort_n and_o every_o cohort_n contain_v three_o maniple_n and_o every_o maniple_a two_o order_n and_o every_o order_n have_v his_o centurion_n march_v in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o troup_n and_o every_o centurion_n have_v his_o optionem_fw-la or_o lieutenant_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o troup_n when_o a_o legion_n stand_v range_v in_o battle_n ready_a to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n battle_n the_o least_o body_n or_o squadron_n that_o it_o contain_v be_v a_o maniple_a wherein_o the_o two_o order_n be_v join_v together_o make_v joint_o ten_o in_o front_n and_o twelve_o in_o file_n and_o so_o every_o five_o file_n have_v their_o centurion_n in_o front_n and_o lieutenant_n in_o the_o rearward_n to_o direct_v they_o in_o all_o adventure_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n their_o battalion_n consist_v of_o a_o cohort_n and_o never_o exceed_v that_o number_n how_o great_a soever_o the_o army_n be_v polybius_n distinguish_v a_o maniple_n into_o two_o century_n or_o order_n say_v that_o the_o centurion_n first_o choose_v by_o the_o tribune_n order_n command_v the_o right_a order_n which_o be_v that_o order_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o primus_fw-la ordo_fw-la and_o the_o centurion_n elect_v in_o the_o second_o course_n command_v the_o left_a order_n and_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o either_o of_o they_o he_o that_o be_v present_a of_o they_o two_o command_v the_o whole_a maniple_n and_o so_o we_o find_v that_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o place_n be_v call_v prior_n centuri●_n civili_fw-la in_o which_o sense_n caesar_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o he_o say_v that_o all_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o cohort_n be_v slay_v praeter_fw-la principem_fw-la priorem_fw-la from_o whence_o we_o gather_v two_o specialty_n first_o the_o priority_n between_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o same_o maniple_n for_o a_o cohort_n consist_v of_o three_o maniple_n whereof_o the_o first_o maniple_n be_v triarii_n the_o second_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o three_o hastati_fw-la and_o every_o maniple_n contain_v two_o order_n and_o

may_v be_v furnish_v with_o the_o next_o most_o sufficient_a man_n both_o because_o of_o their_o nearness_n unto_o danger_n as_o also_o that_o if_o their_o leader_n or_o bringer_n up_o shall_v either_o be_v slay_v or_o disable_v by_o wound_n they_o may_v present_o succeed_v in_o their_o place_n and_o make_v they_o good_a there_o be_v also_o a_o good_a decorum_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o middleman_n rank_n or_o five_o and_o six_o rank_n both_o for_o the_o man_n themselves_o and_o their_o arm_n that_o in_o our_o march_n when_o the_o middleman_n or_o six_o rank_n shall_v be_v call_v up_o to_o front_n with_o their_o leader_n they_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n and_o proportion_n answer_v their_o place_n as_o also_o when_o we_o double_v our_o front_n by_o call_v up_o middleman_n to_o fight_v in_o a_o great_a breadth_n they_o may_v not_o be_v unsuitable_a but_o especial_o in_o march_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o best_a resistance_n when_o they_o shall_v become_v the_o 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into_o file_n and_o rank_n rank_n and_o each_o file_n and_o rank_n according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o experience_n right_o advance_v it_o follow_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o just_a distance_n proportion_v between_o either_o that_o at_o all_o time_n upon_o all_o occasion_n they_o may_v be_v find_v ready_a and_o in_o comely_a fashion_n either_o to_o offend_v their_o enemy_n or_o defend_v themselves_o these_o distance_n which_o every_o follower_n must_v observe_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o leader_n and_o every_o leader_n and_o follower_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o sideman_n may_v be_v reduce_v unto_o three_o several_a order_n as_o follow_v the_o first_o be_v call_v open_a order_n order_n the_o distance_n whereof_o be_v twelve_o foot_n between_o every_o follower_n and_o his_o leader_n or_o between_o every_o rank_n and_o six_o foot_n between_o they_o and_o the_o sideman_n or_o between_o every_o file_n this_o order_n be_v common_o use_v upon_o march_n when_o the_o enemy_n be_v know_v 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rank_n the_o three_o and_o last_o order_n pouldron_n be_v when_o either_o we_o attend_v the_o enemy_n his_o present_a assault_n or_o that_o we_o intend_v to_o charge_v he_o upon_o our_o secure_a and_o best_a distance_n when_o every_o follower_n stand_v three_o foot_n or_o his_o rapier_n length_n behind_o his_o leader_n and_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o sideman_n or_o file_n or_o when_o every_o soldier_n occupy_v but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a for_o his_o own_o station_n join_v pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n or_o target_n to_o target_n this_o differ_v from_o constipatus_fw-la ordo_fw-la because_o that_o allow_v but_o one_o cubit_n for_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o this_o close_a order_n allow_v one_o cubit_n in_o the_o file_n but_o two_o in_o the_o rank_n this_o distance_n do_v agree_v also_o best_o with_o the_o length_n of_o our_o pile_n of_o 15_o or_o 16_o foot_n long_o rank_n for_o it_o be_v think_v fit_a oftentimes_o that_o the_o battallion_n consist_v of_o ten_o rank_n there_o shall_v not_o charge_v more_o at_o one_o time_n then_o the_o 5_o foremost_a so_o that_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n may_v be_v three_o foot_n over_o the_o foremost_a shoulder_n and_o the_o other_o five_o rank_n shall_v in_o this_o close_a order_n or_o near_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a follow_v the_o other_o charge_v with_o their_o pike_n advance_v until_o some_o occasion_n shall_v require_v their_o charge_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o shall_v perform_v their_o duty_n in_o keep_v the_o five_o foremost_a rank_n from_o retire_v and_o beside_o add_v strength_n unto_o the_o charge_n or_o shock_n the_o manner_n of_o exercise_v of_o compose_a battallion_n with_o their_o different_a motion_n the_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v thus_o understand_v dispose_v and_o order_v and_o all_o part_n and_o member_n of_o the_o battallion_n be_v join_v in_o their_o just_a proportion_n and_o distance_n able_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v alter_v upon_o any_o sudden_a occasion_n as_o if_o it_o be_v but_o one_o entire_a body_n into_o several_a and_o divers_a posture_n and_o to_o make_v resistance_n unto_o what_o force_n soever_o shall_v oppugn_v the_o same_o it_o may_v be_v think_v needless_a to_o have_v make_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o member_n so_o exact_a unless_o by_o continual_a practice_n and_o exercise_n they_o may_v be_v make_v nimble_a and_o ready_a not_o only_o to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o their_o whole_a body_n on_o all_o side_n but_o also_o to_o be_v able_a to_o offend_v whensoever_o they_o shall_v espy_v the_o least_o occasion_n of_o advantage_n the_o term_n of_o direction_n or_o command_n which_o be_v common_o use_v in_o this_o modern_a discipline_n of_o martial_a exercise_n as_o they_o be_v not_o many_o only_o answer_v to_o the_o different_a posture_n which_o be_v require_v in_o the_o battallion_n so_o they_o be_v and_o must_v be_v short_a and_o perspicuous_o plain_a that_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v sudden_o utter_v easy_o apprehend_v and_o understand_v 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common_o their_o conquer_a army_n be_v far_o under_o that_o proportion_n aemilius_n paulus_n aemilius_n only_o have_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o in_o his_o army_n against_o perseus_n and_o win_v the_o battle_n in_o a_o hour_n the_o condition_n of_o our_o time_n require_v no_o dispute_n touch_v this_o point_n for_o we_o seldom_o see_v a_o army_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n in_o the_o field_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o turk_n or_o some_o such_o monarch_n chap._n xxxiii_o critognatus_n his_o speech_n at_o alesia_n touch_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o town_n they_o that_o be_v besiege_v in_o alesia_n caesar_n the_o day_n be_v pass_v by_o which_o they_o look_v for_o succour_n their_o corn_n be_v spend_v and_o not_o know_v what_o be_v do_v abroad_o enter_v into_o consultation_n touch_v the_o end_n of_o their_o fortune_n and_o divers_a opinion_n be_v deliver_v some_o of_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o yield_v up_o of_o the_o town_n and_o other_o persuade_v that_o as_o long_o as_o strength_n last_v there_o may_v be_v sally_n continual_o make_v upon_o the_o enemy_n i_o will_v not_o omit_v the_o speech_n of_o critognatus_n for_o the_o singular_a and_o wicked_a cruelty_n which_o it_o import_v he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a birth_n and_o authority_n among_o the_o arverni_n i_o will_v say_v nothing_o say_v he_o of_o their_o opinion_n that_o call_v base_a servitude_n by_o the_o name_n of_o rendry_a neither_o do_v i_o think_v they_o fit_a to_o be_v account_v citizen_n or_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o council_n of_o state_n with_o they_o will_v i_o deal_v that_o like_a well_o of_o sally_n in_o who_o advice_n and_o counsel_n even_o by_o all_o your_o consent_n the_o memory_n of_o ancient_a virtue_n seem_v to_o consist_v it_o be_v no_o virtue_n but_o a_o weakness_n of_o the_o mind_n not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v want_v a_o little_a while_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o find_v man_n that_o will_v offer_v themselves_o willing_o to_o death_n than_o such_o as_o will_v endure_v labour_n with_o patience_n for_o i_o own_o part_n i_o can_v like_v well_o of_o that_o opinion_n for_o honour_n much_o prevail_v with_o i_o if_o i_o do_v not_o see_v a_o further_a loss_n then_o of_o our_o life_n but_o in_o these_o our_o consultation_n let_v we_o look_v upon_o all_o gallia_n who_o we_o have_v call_v together_o to_o succour_v we_o what_o spirit_n do_v you_o think_v will_v our_o friend_n and_o kinsman_n conceive_v fourscore_o thousand_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o place_n if_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o wage_v battle_n upon_o their_o dead_a carcase_n i_o will_v not_o have_v you_o to_o defraud_v they_o of_o your_o help_n that_o do_v neglect_v all_o peril_n for_o your_o sake_n nor_o by_o your_o foolishness_n and_o your_o rashness_n or_o the_o weakness_n of_o your_o mind_n throw_v down_o all_o gallia_n and_o cast_v it_o into_o perpetual_a bondage_n do_v you_o doubt_v of_o their_o faith_n and_o constancy_n because_o they_o come_v not_o by_o a_o day_n what_o do_v the_o roman_n than_o mean_v in_o these_o outward_a work_n do_v you_o think_v they_o make_v they_o for_o exercise_n or_o to_o pass_v away_o the_o time_n if_o you_o can_v then_o receive_v assurance_n by_o their_o messenger_n all_o passage_n be_v stop_v use_v they_o for_o witness_n that_o their_o come_n be_v at_o hand_n for_o fear_v whereof_o they_o labour_v night_n and_o day_n what_o then_o my_o advice_n be_v that_o we_o do_v as_o our_o forefather_n do_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o cimbri_n and_o teutones_n not_o equal_a to_o this_o who_o be_v shut_v up_o within_o their_o town_n and_o bring_v to_o the_o like_a necessity_n do_v satisfy_v their_o hunger_n with_o the_o body_n of_o such_o as_o be_v find_v unfit_a for_o war_n neither_o do_v they_o yield_v themselves_o unto_o the_o enemy_n whereof_o if_o we_o have_v not_o a_o example_n yet_o i_o will_v judge_v it_o a_o excellent_a thing_n to_o be_v begin_v now_o for_o liberty_n sake_n and_o to_o be_v leave_v to_o posterity_n for_o what_o war_n be_v like_o this_o gallia_n be_v waste_v and_o dispeople_v and_o the_o kingdom_n bring_v into_o great_a misery_n the_o cimbri_n at_o length_n forsake_v our_o country_n and_o seek_v out_o other_o territory_n and_o leave_v unto_o we_o our_o law_n custom_n land_n &_o liberty_n for_o the_o roman_n what_o be_v it_o they_o desire_v or_o what_o will_v they_o have_v but_o be_v draw_v on_o with_o malice_n and_o envy_n who_o they_o understand_v to_o be_v a_o noble_a and_o a_o warlike_a nation_n their_o field_n and_o city_n they_o do_v desire_v to_o take_v from_o they_o and_o to_o yoke_v they_o with_o eternal_a bondage_n as_o never_o make_v war_n with_o other_o condition_n for_o if_o you_o be_v ignorant_a what_o they_o do_v far_o off_o in_o other_o country_n look_v at_o home_n in_o that_o part_n of_o gallia_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o province_n their_o law_n and_o custom_n be_v change_v it_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o axe_n and_o to_o perpetual_a servitude_n their_o opinion_n be_v deliver_v they_o decree_v that_o such_o as_o through_o age_n or_o sickness_n be_v unfit_a for_o war_n shall_v depart_v the_o town_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v prove_v all_o mean_n before_o they_o yield_v to_o critognatus_n opinion_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o matter_n so_o require_v to_o consent_v unto_o it_o and_o to_o attend_v their_o succour_n rather_o than_o to_o yield_v to_o any_o rendry_a and_o condition_n of_o peace_n observation_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o make_v questionable_a in_o the_o extremity_n of_o a_o siege_n siege_n how_o far_o the_o commander_n may_v go_v in_o continue_v their_o resistance_n to_o the_o danger_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o people_n besiege_v whether_o they_o may_v not_o in_o honour_n proceed_v as_o far_o as_o critognatus_n opinion_n will_v draw_v they_o or_o how_o they_o may_v know_v when_o to_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o very_a point_n of_o discreet_a and_o valiant_a carriage_n which_o be_v to_o be_v answer_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o give_v siege_n to_o the_o place_n for_o against_o a_o treacherous_a and_o disloyal_a enemy_n that_o make_v profession_n of_o infidelity_n and_o will_v not_o stick_v after_o a_o composition_n to_o ensnare_v they_o in_o a_o great_a danger_n than_o the_o peril_n of_o death_n there_o will_v be_v much_o endure_v rather_o than_o to_o undergo_v so_o hard_a a_o fortune_n and_o yet_o i_o do_v no_o way_n approve_v the_o cruel_a resolution_n of_o this_o gall_n but_o do_v rather_o commend_v the_o example_n of_o the_o hungarian_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o agria_n ag●i●_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1562._o mahomet_n bassa_n lie_v before_o that_o town_n with_o a_o army_n of_o threescore_o thousand_o turk_n and_o lay_v battery_n to_o it_o with_o fifty_o canon_n there_o be_v within_o the_o town_n two_o thousand_o hungarian_n who_o endure_v and_o put_v off_o thirteen_o most_o terrible_a assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o for_o the_o better_a strengthen_v of_o their_o high_a resolution_n they_o take_v a_o mutual_a oath_n that_o no_o man_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v once_o speak_v of_o a_o treaty_n or_o of_o give_v up_o the_o town_n or_o to_o make_v any_o answer_n to_o the_o enemy_n but_o by_o the_o harquebuse_n or_o the_o canon_n and_o if_o the_o siege_n shall_v happen_v to_o continue_v long_o rather_o to_o die_v for_o hunger_n then_o to_o put_v themselves_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o so_o cruel_a and_o barbarous_a a_o enemy_n they_o determine_v further_o that_o such_o among_o they_o as_o be_v not_o serviceable_a with_o a_o weapon_n shall_v attend_v continual_o to_o reinforce_v the_o rampire_n and_o repair_v the_o ruin_n and_o to_o avoid_v treachery_n they_o take_v order_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o assembly_n in_o the_o city_n above_o the_o number_n of_o three_o together_o they_o command_v likewise_o that_o all_o the_o victual_n as_o be_v either_o public_a or_o private_a shall_v be_v divide_v into_o equal_a portion_n among_o the_o soldier_n and_o the_o best_a of_o it_o shall_v be_v reserve_v for_o such_o as_o be_v hurt_v in_o fight_n it_o be_v further_a report_v that_o the_o bassa_n have_v oftentimes_o offer_v a_o treaty_n they_o only_o show_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o his_o summons_n a_o funeral_n bier_z cover_v with_o black_a lift_v up_o above_o the_o wall_n between_o two_o pike_n to_o signify_v thereby_o that_o they_o will_v not_o come_v out_o but_o by_o death_n as_o this_o be_v a_o degree_n short_a of_o critognatus_n resolution_n so_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o general_n may_v give_v up_o a_o town_n before_o he_o come_v to_o these_o term_n with_o true_a honour_n and_o wisdom_n but_o the_o matter_n as_o i_o have_v say_v consist_v altogether_o upon_o the_o circumstance_n interlace_v but_o that_o which_o be_v further_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o place_n

cremona_n whereof_o tacitus_n have_v this_o description_n histor_n praelium_fw-la tota_fw-la nocte_fw-la varium_fw-la anceps_fw-la atrox_n his_o rursus_fw-la illis_fw-la exitiabile_fw-la nihil_fw-la animus_n aut_fw-la manus_fw-la n●_n oculi_fw-la quidem_fw-la provisu_fw-la juvabant_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o fight_n be_v doubtful_a and_o bloody_a the_o whole_a night_n now_o this_o party_n go_v to_o the_o worse_o by_o and_o by_o that_o a_o stout_a heart_n or_o a_o valiant_a hand_n avail_v little_a neither_o can_v the_o eye_n see_v before_o they_o either_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n and_o thus_o be_v all_o night-work_n condemn_v wherein_o either_o order_n or_o honour_n be_v of_o any_o moment_n the_o second_o observation_n i_o have_v already_o note_v in_o the_o former_a commentary_n the_o use_n of_o exact_a and_o particular_a discovery_n of_o the_o country_n where_o a_o party_n be_v engage_v than_o which_o nothing_o do_v more_o advantage_n a_o commander_n to_o expedite_v the_o happy_a issue_n of_o a_o war_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o judge_v of_o any_o motion_n which_o the_o enemy_n shall_v offer_v and_o to_o give_v sure_a direction_n to_o frustrate_v and_o make_v void_a the_o same_o but_o also_o to_o dispose_v himself_o according_a as_o shall_v seem_v expedient_a for_o his_o safety_n wherein_o if_o a_o place_n of_o such_o consequence_n as_o be_v here_o mention_v shall_v by_o design_n be_v aim_v at_o this_o history_n show_v how_o much_o it_o import_v either_o party_n to_o obtain_v it_o and_o therefore_o caesar_n have_v reason_n to_o make_v his_o passage_n through_o valley_n and_o rock_n rather_o than_o to_o lose_v victory_n for_o want_v of_o labour_v in_o a_o uneasy_a way_n this_o lucius_n decidius_n saxa_n or_o didius_n saxa_n employ_v in_o this_o discovery_n be_v afterward_o advance_v by_o caesar_n to_o be_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n whereat_o tully_n be_v so_o much_o offend_v 1●_n how_o can_v i_o omit_v say_v he_o this_o decidius_n saxa_n philip._n a_o man_n bring_v from_o the_o further_a end_n of_o the_o world_n who_o we_o see_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n before_o we_o ever_o see_v he_o a_o citizen_n chap._n xxiii_o caesar_n refuse_v to_o fight_v upon_o a_o advantage_n offer_v contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n and_o desire_n ●f_o all_o man_n there_o be_v a_o opportunity_n then_o offer_v of_o do_v something_o to_o purpose_n caesar_n neither_o be_v caesar_n ignorant_a thereof●_n such_o a_o overthrow_n give_v before_o their_o face_n do_v consequent_o so_o discourage_v they_o that_o it_o be_v think_v they_o will_v not_o endure_v a_o charge_n especial_o be_v compass_v about_o with_o the_o cavalry_n in_o a_o indifferent_a and_o open_a place_n where_o the_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o battle_n which_o be_v on_o all_o side_n instant_o desire_v at_o caesar_n hand_n for_o the_o legate_n centurion_n and_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n come_v joint_o unto_o he_o desire_v he_o to_o make_v no_o doubt_n of_o give_v battle_n for_o all_o the_o soldier_n be_v very_o ready_a and_o forward_o thereunto_o whereas_o the_o contrary_a party_n have_v 〈◊〉_d many_o argument_n of_o fear_n and_o discouragement_n enemy_n first_o in_o that_o they_o do_v not_o succour_v their_o fellow_n second_o in_fw-la asmuch_o as_o they_o have_v not_o bouge_v from_o the_o hill_n which_o they_o have_v take_v for_o a_o retreat_n neither_o have_v they_o withstand_v the_o charge_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o cavalry_n but_o have_v throng_v pell-mell_o together_o and_o confuse_o mingle_v their_o ensign_n one_o with_o another_o no_o man_n either_o keep_v his_o place_n or_o his_o colour_n and_o if_o he_o fear_v the_o inequality_n and_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n he_o may_v take_v some_o other_o of_o more_o indifferency_n for_o certain_o afranius_n can_v not_o long_o stay_v where_o he_o be_v but_o must_v depart_v from_o thence_o for_o want_v of_o water_n caesar_n be_v in_o hope_n to_o end_v the_o matter_n without_o either_o blow_n or_o wound_v of_o his_o man_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o have_v cut_v off_o the_o enemy_n from_o victual_n and_o why_o then_o shall_v be_v lose_v a_o man_n although_o it_o be_v to_o gain_v a_o victory_n why_o shall_v he_o suffer_v his_o valiant_a and_o well-deserving_a soldier_n to_o be_v so_o much_o as_o hurt_v or_o wound_v or_o why_o shall_v he_o put_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o hazard_n of_o fortune_n especial_o when_o it_o no_o less_o concern_v the_o honour_n and_o reputation_n of_o a_o commander_n to_o vanquish_v a_o enemy_n by_o direction_n and_o advice_n the●_n to_o subdue_v they_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n be_v move_v withal_o with_o a_o tender_a commiseration_n of_o such_o citizen_n of_o rome_n as_o be_v consequent_o to_o be_v hazard_v or_o slay_v in_o the_o sight_n whereas_o he_o desire_v to_o work_v out_o his_o own_o end_n with_o their_o safety_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesar_n be_v disallow_v by_o most_o man_n and_o the_o soldier_n will_v not_o stick_v to_o speak_v plain_o among_o themselves_o forasmuch_o as_o such_o a_o occasion_n of_o victor●●_n be_v overslipt_v that_o when_o c●●sar_n will_v have_v they_o they_o will_v not_o fight_v he_o notwithstanding_o continue_v firm_a in_o his_o opinion_n and_o fall_v as_o little_o off_o from_o the_o enemy_n to_o lessen_v and_o abate_v their_o fear_n and_o amazement_n petreius_n and_o afranius_n upon_o the_o opportunity_n give_v they_o withdraw_v themselves_o into_o their_o camp_n caesar_n have_v possess_v the_o hill_n with_o garrison_n of_o soldier_n and_o shut_v up_o all_o the_o passage_n lead_v to_o i●erus_n encamp_v himself_o as_o near_a as_o he_o can_v to_o the_o enemy_n the_o commander_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v much_o afflict_a that_o they_o have_v absolute_o lose_v all_o mean_n of_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o of_o gain_v the_o river_n i●erus_n consult_v together_o of_o other_o course_n there_o be_v two_o way_n leave_v open_a the_o one_o to_o return_v to_o ilerda_n and_o the_o other_o to_o tarracon_n and_o while_o they_o be_v consider_v of_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v tell_v they_o that_o such_o as_o go_v out_o for_o water_n be_v very_o much_o press_v by_o our_o cavalry_n whereupon_o they_o place_v many_o court_n of_o guard_n as_o well_o of_o horse_n as_o auxiliary_a footman_n interlace_v the_o legionary_a cohort_n among_o they_o and_o begin_v also_o to_o re●se_v a_o rampire_n from_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o watering-place_n that_o the_o soldier_n may_v safe_o without_o fear_n fetch_v water_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o fortification_n which_o work_n petreius_n and_o afranius_n divide_v between_o themselves_o and_o for_o the_o perfect_a of_o the_o same_o have_v occasion_n to_o go_v far_o off_o from_o the_o camp_n by_o mean_n of_o who_o absence_n the_o soldier_n take_v liberty_n of_o free_a speech_n one_o with_o another_o go_v out_o and_o as_o any_o man_n have_v a_o acquaintance_n or_o neighbour_n in_o each_o other_o camp_n 4._o they_o seek_v he_o out_o and_o first_o they_o all_o give_v thanks_o to_o all_o our_o party_n that_o they_o have_v spare_v they_o when_o they_o be_v terrify_v and_o amaze_v the_o day_n before_o in_o regard_n whereof_o they_o acknowledge_v to_o hold_v their_o life_n by_o their_o favour_n and_o afterward_o inquire_v how_o they_o may_v safe_o yield_v themselves_o to_o their_o general_n complain_v that_o they_o have_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o so_o have_v join_v their_o force_n with_o their_o ancient_a friend_n and_o kinsman_n and_o have_v proceed_v thus_o far_o in_o their_o communication_n they_o require_v assurance_n for_o the_o life_n of_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v to_o conceive_v mischief_n against_o their_o general_n or_o betray_v they_o in_o seek_v their_o own_o safety_n which_o thing_n be_v agree_v upon_o they_o promise_v to_o come_v with_o their_o ensign_n to_o caesar_n camp_n and_o thereupon_o se●t_v to_o caesar_n some_o of_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n as_o deputy_n to_o treat_v of_o peace_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n 4._o they_o invite_v their_o friend_n on_o either_o side_n into_o the_o camp_n insomuch_o as_o both_o their_o lodging_n seem_v but_o one_o camp_n many_o of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o centurion_n come_v to_o caesar_n recommend_v themselves_o to_o his_o favour_n and_o the_o like_a do_v the_o grandee_n and_o chief_a prince_n of_o spain_n who_o they_o have_v command_v out_o to_o take_v party_n in_o this_o war_n and_o to_o remain_v with_o they_o as_o hostage_n and_o pledge_n these_o inquire_v after_o their_o old_a acquaintance_n and_o ancient_a host_n by_o who_o each_o man_n may_v have_v access_n to_o caesar_n with_o some_o commendation_n in_o like_a manner_n afranius_n his_o son_n deal_v with_o caesar_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o sulpitius_n a_o legate_n touch_v his_o own_o and_o his_o father_n life_n all_o thing_n sound_v of_o joy_n and_o mutual_a

his_o exhortation_n nor_o entreaty_n he_o command_v they_o as_o the_o last_o hope_n they_o have_v of_o safety_n that_o they_o shall_v all_o fly_v unto_o the_o next_o hill_n and_o thither_o he_o command_v the_o ensign_n to_o be_v carry_v but_o the_o cavalry_n send_v by_o sabura_n have_v also_o possess_v that_o place_n before_o whereby_o our_o man_n begin_v to_o fall_v into_o utter_a despair_n and_o partly_o be_v slay_v as_o they_o flee_v by_o the_o horseman_n or_o fall_v down_o without_o wound_v cn._n domitius_n general_n of_o the_o horse_n stand_v with_o a_o few_o horseman_n about_o he_o persuade_v curio_n to_o save_v himself_o by_o slight_a and_o to_o get_v the_o camp_n promise_v not_o to_o leave_v or_o forsake_v he_o but_o curio_n confident_o reply_v that_o he_o will_v never_o come_v in_o caesar_n sight_n have_v lose_v the_o army_n commit_v unto_o he_o and_o thereupon_o fight_v valiant_o be_v slay_v a_o few_o horseman_n save_v themselves_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o battle_n but_o such_o of_o the_o rearward_n as_o stay_v by_o the_o way_n to_o refresh_v their_o horse_n perceive_v a_o far_o off_o the_o rout_n and_o flight_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n return_v safe_a into_o the_o camp_n the_o footman_n be_v all_o slay_v to_o a_o man_n m._n rufus_n the_o treasurer_n be_v leave_v by_o curio_n in_o the_o camp_n exhort_v his_o man_n not_o to_o be_v discourage_v they_o pray_v and_o beseech_v he_o they_o may_v be_v transport_v into_o sicily_n he_o promise_v they_o they_o shall_v and_o to_o that_o end_n give_v order_n to_o the_o master_n of_o ship_n that_o the_o next_o evening_n they_o shall_v bring_v all_o the_o skiffe_n to_o the_o shore_n but_o such_o be_v the_o astonishment_n and_o terror_n of_o all_o man_n that_o some_o give_v out_o that_o juba_n his_o force_n be_v already_o come_v other_o that_o varus_n be_v at_o hand_n with_o the_o legion_n and_o that_o they_o see_v the_o dust_n of_o the_o army_n march_v towards_o they_o whereas_o there_o be_v no_o such_o matter_n at_o all_o other_o suspect_v the_o enemy_n navy_n will_v speedy_o make_v to_o they_o insomuch_o as_o every_o man_n shift_v for_o himself_o such_o as_o be_v already_o on_o shipboard_n make_v haste_n to_o be_v go_v their_o departure_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n to_o follow_v after_o a_o few_o small_a bark_n be_v obedient_a to_o the_o command_n but_o the_o shore_n be_v throng_v with_o soldier_n such_o be_v the_o contention_n which_o of_o all_o that_o multitude_n shall_v get_v aboard_o that_o some_o of_o the_o bark_n be_v sink_v with_o press_n of_o people_n and_o the_o rest_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o like_a casualty_n dare_v not_o come_v near_o they_o whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o a_o few_o soldier_n and_o master_n of_o family_n that_o through_o favour_n or_o pity_v prevail_v to_o be_v take_v in_o or_o can_v swim_v unto_o the_o ship_n be_v carry_v back_o safe_a into_o sicily_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o force_n send_v by_o night_n some_o of_o the_o centurion_n as_o ambassador_n to_o varus_n render_v themselves_o unto_o he_o the_o next_o day_n after_o juba_n see_v the_o cohort_n of_o these_o soldier_n before_o the_o town_n cry_v out_o present_o that_o they_o be_v part_n of_o his_o booty_n and_o thereupon_o give_v order_n that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v slay_v and_o select_v a_o few_o of_o the_o rest_n send_v they_o into_o his_o kingdom_n varus_n complain_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n that_o his_o faith_n and_o promise_n be_v violate_v and_o yet_o dare_v not_o resist_v it_o the_o king_n ride_v into_o the_o town_n attend_v with_o many_o s●nationns_n among_o 〈◊〉_d be_v ser._n sulpitius_n and_o licinius_n damasippus_n and_o remain_v there_o a_o few_o day_n give_v such_o order_n for_o thing_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o then_o return_v to_o his_o kingdom_n with_o all_o his_o force_n observation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o period_n which_o divine_a power_n make_v lucan_n to_o the_o hopeful_a beginning_n of_o curio_n design_n upon_o africa_n and_o happen_v so_o sudden_o as_o they_o be_v lose_v ere_o they_o be_v aware_a like_o a_o tempest_n at_o sea_n that_o swallow_v up_o vessel_n in_o the_o same_o place_n 4._o where_o a_o little_a before_o they_o swim_v most_o proud_o and_o in_o the_o like_o irrecoverable_a manner_n for_o war_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o second_o error_n one_o fault_n be_v enough_o to_o ruin_v a_o army_n and_o to_o disable_v curio_n for_o ever_o do_v the_o like_a of_o who_o lucan_n have_v leave_v this_o memorial_n pecca●e_fw-la haud_fw-la alium_fw-la tanta_fw-la civem_fw-la tulit_fw-la tudole_fw-la roma_fw-la plu●a●ch_n aut_fw-la cui_fw-la plus_fw-la leges_fw-la deberent_fw-la recta_fw-la sequenti_fw-la perdita_z nunc_fw-la primum_fw-la nocuerunt_fw-la secula_fw-la postquam_fw-la ambitus_fw-la &_o luxus_fw-la &_o opum_fw-la metuenda_fw-la facultas_fw-la transverso_fw-la mentem_fw-la dubiam_fw-la torrente_n tulerunt_fw-la momentumque_fw-la fuit_fw-la mutatus_fw-la curio_n rerum_fw-la gallorum_n captus_fw-la spoliis_fw-la &_o caesaris_fw-la auro_fw-la so_o virtuous_a citizen_n rome_n never_o breed_v whilst_o right_a the_o law_n a_o friend_n like_o he_o never_o have_v but_o the_o bad_a time_n first_o take_v he_o from_o his_o hold_n ambition_n riot_n and_o the_o force_n of_o gold_n in_o a_o wrong_a stream_n soon_o draw_v his_o waver_a mind_n of_o great_a concern_v which_o way_n so_o ever_o incline_v fetch_v off_o with_o gallic_a spoil_n and_o caesar_n gift_n his_o body_n lie_v unbury_v luc._n as_o a_o witness_n of_o numidian_a hate_n which_o be_v always_o extreme_a like_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o country_n and_o of_o juba_n particular_a revenge_n for_o tender_v a_o edict_n to_o the_o people_n to_o confiscate_v his_o kingdom_n to_o conclude_v this_o commentary_n the_o loss_n either_o party_n sustain_v unto_o this_o stage_n of_o the_o war_n be_v in_o these_o particular_n pompey_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o italy_n lose_v marseilles_n and_o both_o the_o province_n of_o spain_n caesar_n receive_v this_o loss_n in_o africa_n beside_o that_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n where_o antonius_n miscarry_v whereof_o he_o make_v no_o mention_n in_o these_o commentary_n and_o homer_n as_o when_o jupiter_n weigh_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o the_o trojan_n in_o a_o pa●re_n of_o balance_n 8._o it_o fall_v out_o the_o greek_n have_v more_o ill_a luck_n than_o the_o trojan_n so_o the_o fortune_n of_o these_o party_n be_v weigh_v by_o the_o relation_n make_v thereof_o it_o fall_v plain_o out_o that_o pompey_n have_v the_o worse_o and_o thus_o end_v the_o second_o commentary_n the_o three_o commentary_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n the_o argument_n the_o former_a book_n contain_v the_o drift_n and_o design_n which_o these_o famous_a chief_n attempt_v and_o prosecute_v while_o they_o be_v asunder_o and_o now_o come_v their_o buckle_v at_o hand_n to_o be_v relate_v together_o with_o the_o judgement_n which_o the_o war_n give_v of_o the_o cause_n in_o question_n on_o caesar_n behalf_n chap._n i._n caesar_n give_v order_n at_o rome_n for_o matter_n of_o credit_n and_o usury_n and_o other_o thing_n caesar_n the_o dictator_n hold_v the_o assembly_n for_o election_n of_o magistrate_n caesar_n julius_n caesar_n and_o pub._n servilius_n be_v create_v consul_n for_o in_o that_o year_n he_o be_v capable_a by_o law_n to_o be_v choose_v thereunto_o these_o thing_n be_v end_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o find_v that_o credit_n be_v very_o scant_o throughout_o all_o italy_n and_o that_o money_n send_v upon_o trust_n be_v not_o pay_v he_o give_v order_v that_o arbitratour_n shall_v be_v appoint_v to_o make_v a_o estimation_n of_o possession_n and_o good_n according_a as_o they_o be_v value_v before_o the_o war_n and_o that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v take_v they_o at_o that_o rate_n for_o their_o money_n for_o this_o course_n he_o think_v to_o be_v fit_a and_o expedient_a as_o well_o for_o the_o take_v away_o of_o any_o fear_n of_o composition_n or_o new_a assurance_n for_o the_o quit_n and_o abolish_n of_o all_o debt_n which_o do_v common_o fall_v out_o upon_o war_n and_o civil_a broil_n as_o also_o for_o the_o keep_n and_o preserve_v of_o the_o debtor_n credit_n in_o like_a manner_n he_o restore_v the_o ancient_a course_n of_o appeal_n make_v by_o the_o praetor_n and_o tribune_n to_o the_o people_n as_o also_o certain_a course_n use_v in_o sue_v for_o magistracy_n which_o be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o pompey_n time_n when_o he_o keep_v the_o legion_n about_o he_o in_o the_o city_n and_o likewise_o reform_v such_o judgement_n in_o suit_n and_o trial_n of_o law_n as_o be_v give_v in_o case_n when_o the_o matter_n in_o controversy_n be_v hear_v by_o one_o judge_n and_o the_o sentence_n pronounce_v the_o same_o day_n by_o another_o judge_n last_o of_o all_o whereas_o divers_a stand_v condemn_v for_o offer_v their_o service_n unto_o he_o in_o the_o

the_o town_n and_o to_o learn_v what_o achillas_n intend_v howsoever_o he_o command_v all_o the_o soldier_n to_o arm_n and_o exhort_v the_o king_n that_o of_o those_o which_o be_v near_a unto_o he_o and_o of_o great_a authority_n he_o will_v send_v some_o to_o achillas_n to_o know_v his_o meaning_n dioscorides_n &_o serapion_n be_v depute_v thereunto_o have_v be_v both_o ambassador_n at_o rome_n and_o in_o great_a place_n about_o ptolemey_n the_o father_n they_o come_v to_o achillas_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v come_v into_o his_o presence_n and_o before_o he_o will_v hear_v or_o understand_v what_o they_o will_v have_v he_o command_v to_o be_v take_v away_o and_o slay_v of_o who_o one_o have_v receive_v a_o wound_n be_v carry_v away_o by_o his_o own_o people_n for_o dead_a the_o other_o be_v slay_v outright_o whereupon_o caesar_n wrought_v to_o get_v the_o king_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n think_v that_o his_o name_n and_o title_n will_v prevail_v much_o among_o his_o people_n as_o also_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o this_o war_n be_v rather_o move_v by_o the_o private_a practice_n of_o some_o seditious_a thief_n then_o by_o order_n and_o commandment_n from_o the_o king_n observation_n the_o multiplicity_n of_o occasion_n and_o trouble_n which_o happen_v to_o such_o as_o have_v the_o order_n of_o any_o business_n of_o import_n do_v make_v that_o of_o pliny_n often_o remember_v 8._o veteribus_fw-la negot●●s_fw-la nova_fw-la accr●scunt_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la priora_fw-la peraguntur_fw-la tot_fw-la nexibus_fw-la tot_fw-la quasi_fw-la catenis_fw-la majus_fw-la indy_n occupationum_fw-la agmen_fw-la extenditur_fw-la new_a business_n come_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o old_a and_o yet_o the_o first_o be_v not_o dispatch_v with_o so_o many_o tie_n and_o chain_n as_o it_o be_v be_v the_o troup_n of_o business_n every_o day_n make_v long_a and_o long_o for_o albeit_o pompey_n have_v now_o spend_v his_o malice_n and_o be_v no_o more_o to_o appear_v in_o arm_n against_o caesar_n yet_o his_o hap_n be_v by_o sly_v to_o draw_v he_o as_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o revenge_n into_o a_o place_n where_o he_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v entangle_v in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n to_o th●se_a prodigy_n here_o mention_v may_v be_v add_v that_o of_o aulus_n gellius_n 18._o that_o the_o same_o day_n the_o battle_n happen_v there_o fall_v out_o a_o strange_a wonder_n at_o 〈◊〉_d where_o a_o certain_a priest_n call_v cornelius_n of_o noble_a race_n and_o holy_a life_n sudden_o fall_v into_o a_o ecstasy_n and_o say_v he_o see_v a_o great_a battle_n afar_o off_o dart_n and_o pile_n she_o thick_a in_o the_o air_n some_o sly_v and_o some_o pursue_v great_a slaughter_n accompany_v with_o many_o lamentable_a groan_n and_o cry_n and_o in_o the_o end_n cry_v out_o that_o caesar_n have_v get_v the_o victory_n for_o which_o he_o be_v m●●ked_v for_o the_o present_a but_o afterward_o hold_v in_o great_a admiration_n pliny_n make_v the_o small_a increase_n of_o nilus_n to_o be_v a_o fore-teller_n of_o pompey_n death_n 9_o minimumque_fw-la pharsalico_n bello_fw-la veluti_fw-la necem_fw-la magni_fw-la prod●g●●_n quodam_fw-la slumine_fw-la aversante_n the_o least_o increase_n of_o nilus_n be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o pharsalia●●_n battle_n the_o very_a river_n prodigious_o show_v as_o it_o be_v a_o detestation_n of_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o great_a pompey_n chap._n xxxviii_o caesar_n land_v his_o force_n take_v pharus_n and_o cause_v photinus_n to_o be_v slay_v the_o force_n that_o be_v with_o achillas_n be_v neither_o for_o their_o number_n or_o fashion_n of_o man_n or_o use_v and_o experience_n in_o war_n to_o be_v contemn_v for_o he_o have_v twenty_o two_o thousand_o man_n in_o arm_n these_o troop_n consist_v of_o the_o gabinian_a soldier_n which_o be_v now_o grow_v into_o a_o custom_n of_o life_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o egyptian_n and_o have_v forget_v the_o name_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v there_o marry_v wife_n and_o most_o of_o they_o have_v child_n to_o these_o be_v add_v such_o as_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o thief_n and_o robber_n of_o syria_n the_o province_n of_o cilicia_n and_o other_o finitimate_a region_n beside_o many_o banish_a man_n and_o other_o condemn_v to_o die_v that_o flee_v thither_o and_o for_o all_o our_o fugitive_n there_o be_v ever_o a_o sure_a and_o certain_a receipt_n at_o alexandria_n and_o a_o certain_a condition_n of_o life_n for_o upon_o give_v up_o of_o his_o name_n he_o be_v present_o enrol_v a_o soldier_n and_o if_o one_o chance_v to_o be_v take_v and_o apprehend_v by_o his_o master_n he_o be_v present_o rescue_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o soldier_n who_o be_v all_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n do_v strive_v for_o he_o as_o for_o themselves_o these_o require_v the_o king_n friend_n to_o be_v slay_v these_o be_v accustom_v to_o rob_v rich_a man_n of_o their_o good_n to_o better_a their_o pay_n to_o besiege_v the_o king_n house_n to_o expel_v some_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o send_v for_o other_o home_n according_a to_o a_o old_a custom_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a army_n there_o be_v beside_o two_o thousand_o horse_n that_o have_v be_v of_o ancient_a continuance_n in_o many_o of_o the_o war_n hold_v at_o alexandria_n and_o have_v bring_v back_o ptolemy_n the_o father_n and_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o kingdom_n have_v slay_v bibulus_n two_o son_n and_o have_v make_v war_n with_o the_o egyptian_n and_o this_o use_n and_o knowledge_n they_o have_v of_o war_n achillas_n trust_v to_o these_o force_n and_o contemn_v the_o small_a number_n of_o caesar_n troop_n do_v take_v and_o possess_v alexandria_n and_o further_o assault_v that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n which_o caesar_n hold_v with_o his_o man_n do_v first_o of_o all_o endeavour_n to_o break_v into_o his_o house_n but_o caesar_n have_v dispose_v the_o cohort_n in_o the_o street_n and_o way_n do_v bear_v out_o the_o assault_n at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o seek_v 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