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the_o three_o hastati_fw-la and_o every_o maniple_n contain_v two_o order_n and_o
that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o distance_n before_o name_v so_o the_o whole_a battallion_n be_v reduce_v into_o their_o close_a order_n be_v command_v to_o turn_v as_o one_o body_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n scutum_fw-la it_o be_v perform_v thus_o imagine_v the_o battallion_n stand_v first_o in_o order_n it_o shall_v be_v command_v that_o they_o close_v their_o file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n when_o the_o right_a file_n stand_v still_o the_o rest_n turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n march_v into_o their_o close_a order_n and_o return_v as_o they_o be_v next_o that_o they_o close_v their_o rank_n from_o behind_o when_o every_o follower_n march_v forward_o to_o his_o leader_n unto_o his_o rapier_n point_v as_o be_v say_v before_o this_o do_v the_o leader_n of_o the_o right_a file_n stand_v immovable_a all_o the_o rest_n as_o the_o body_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o a_o great_a gate_n turn_v about_o that_o leader_n as_o about_o the_o hinge_n or_o centre_n every_o one_o keep_v the_o same_o distance_n and_o order_n wherein_o they_o be_v first_o place_v as_o if_o they_o be_v but_o one_o entire_a body_n when_o the_o same_o battallion_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v into_o the_o same_o station_n wherein_o it_o be_v first_o be_v it_o be_v command_v revolutio_fw-la face_n about_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o march_v into_o your_o order_n from_o whence_o you_o be_v close_v reversio_fw-la then_o let_v your_o leader_n or_o first_o rank_n stand_v still_o and_o the_o rest_n turn_v face_n about_o march_z rank_n in_o order_n as_o before_o then_o turn_v as_o you_o be_v and_o you_o be_v restore_v when_o the_o whole_a battallion_n be_v in_o their_o close_a order_n shall_v turn_v about_o and_o make_v the_o rear_n the_o front_n about_o it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o double_a turn_n or_o declination_n militum_fw-la and_o command_v to_o wheel_v about_o which_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o former_a face_n about_o or_o mutation_n there_o be_v also_o another_o wheel_a in_o this_o sort_n reflexâ—o_o when_o the_o front_n change_v the_o aspect_n thrice_o for_o as_o wheel_v about_o make_v the_o front_n the_o rear_n so_o this_o wheel_v from_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o left_a or_o contrariwise_o which_o fashion_n be_v so_o seldom_o use_v that_o we_o scarce_o afford_v it_o a_o name_n in_o all_o such_o motion_n and_o alteration_n it_o be_v most_o fit_a that_o all_o man_n perform_v their_o direction_n with_o their_o pike_n advance_v be_v in_o that_o sort_n most_o easy_a to_o be_v command_v as_o also_o less_o troublesome_a to_o their_o follower_n and_o leader_n countermarch_v file_n and_o rank_n there_o be_v also_o another_o mean_n to_o prevent_v the_o enemy_n his_o assault_v we_o in_o the_o rear_n or_o flank_n lest_o he_o shall_v find_v our_o worst_a man_n least_o able_a to_o make_v resistance_n and_o this_o be_v perform_v by_o countermarch_v both_o file_n and_o rank_n three_o divers_a way_n apiece_o the_o first_o be_v use_v by_o the_o macedonian_n file_n after_o this_o fashion_n first_o the_o leader_n turn_v his_o face_n about_o towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o the_o next_o follower_n march_v behind_o his_o leader_n turn_v also_o macedonica_fw-la and_o so_o the_o three_o and_o four_o until_o the_o bringer_n up_o have_v carry_v himself_o out_o into_o a_o new_a place_n in_o the_o rear_n further_o from_o the_o enemy_n as_o he_o be_v before_o next_o unto_o he_o but_o this_o neither_o be_v nor_o be_v account_v safe_a or_o secure_a because_o it_o do_v somewhat_o resemble_v a_o fly_a or_o run_v away_o from_o the_o enemy_n which_o may_v give_v he_o no_o small_a encouragement_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o practice_n only_o at_o some_o time_n the_o bringer_n up_o march_v throughout_o beyond_o the_o leader_n until_o they_o possess_v the_o same_o space_n before_o they_o which_o they_o do_v behind_o they_o all_o turn_v their_o face_n about_o make_v their_o leader_n to_o affront_v the_o enemy_n who_o be_v before_o far_a from_o they_o the_o lacedamonian_o use_v the_o contrary_a through_o as_o it_o be_v pursue_v the_o enemy_n the_o bringer_n up_o first_o be_v turn_v face_n about_o and_o so_o the_o next_o march_v before_o he_o and_o so_o the_o three_o evolutio_fw-la until_o the_o leader_n himself_o become_v also_o turn_v and_o in_o the_o foremost_a front_n unto_o the_o enemy_n which_o with_o we_o be_v somewhat_o otherwise_o but_o yet_o both_o affront_a and_o as_o it_o be_v pursue_v the_o enemy_n because_o our_o leader_n first_o begin_v this_o motion_n and_o so_o countermarch_v through_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n become_v in_o the_o front_n in_o a_o new_a space_n of_o ground_n who_o be_v before_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v invent_v by_o the_o persian_n who_o when_o the_o place_n or_o near_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n will_v not_o suffer_v to_o change_v their_o ground_n stand_v they_o be_v wont_n to_o countermarch_n the_o front_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o stand_v still_o until_o the_o other_o half_a file_n have_v likewise_o march_v forth_o and_o fall_v upon_o their_o leader_n in_o every_o file_n in_o all_o these_o it_o be_v especial_o command_v evolutio_fw-la to_o march_v still_o in_o the_o same_o distance_n and_o by_o whole_a rank_n to_o prevent_v confusion_n which_o especial_o the_o enemy_n at_o hand_n must_v needs_o be_v most_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o careful_o to_o be_v avoid_v in_o like_a sort_n the_o rank_n may_v countermarch_n when_o either_o the_o right_a wing_n will_v be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o left_a rank_n or_o the_o leave_v by_o the_o right_n always_o march_v by_o whole_a file_n towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o direction_n either_o change_v the_o ground_n or_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n as_o in_o the_o former_a countermarche_n there_o be_v use_v also_o another_o kind_n of_o strengthen_v both_o the_o front_n and_o flank_v when_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v viz_o by_o double_v either_o file_n or_o rank_n and_o this_o either_o by_o double_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o same_o file_n or_o rank_n keep_v still_o the_o same_o breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o ground_n hand_n or_o else_o by_o double_v the_o ground_n keep_v the_o same_o number_n of_o soldier_n the_o file_n be_v double_v when_o the_o second_o file_n shall_v insert_v itself_o into_o the_o first_o the_o leader_n thereof_o put_v himself_o a_o follower_n unto_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o man_n and_o the_o next_o follower_n follower_n to_o the_o next_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o forward_o and_o likewise_o the_o four_o file_n insert_v itself_o into_o the_o three_o and_o the_o six_o into_o the_o five_o and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v when_o the_o battallion_n stand_v in_o his_o order_n to_o double_v the_o place_n or_o depth_n altitudinem_fw-la be_v when_o the_o same_o number_n of_o man_n shall_v put_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o order_n into_o their_o open_a order_n ground_n either_o by_o advance_v forward_o or_o by_o fall_v backward_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v command_v the_o rank_n be_v double_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n troop_n either_o by_o insert_v the_o second_o into_o the_o first_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o before_z in_o the_o file_n or_o else_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n by_o join_v whole_a troop_n together_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a wing_n according_a as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v longitudinem_fw-la and_o this_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o safe_a when_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n it_o be_v perform_v either_o in_o the_o same_o ground_n or_o by_o double_v the_o ground_n when_o either_o we_o desire_v to_o exceed_v the_o front_n of_o our_o enemy_n his_o battallion_n or_o to_o prevent_v lest_o we_o ourselves_o be_v include_v the_o term_n to_o both_o be_v double_v your_o file_n or_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o when_o you_o will_v have_v they_o return_v again_o into_o their_o proper_a place_n it_o be_v command_v as_o you_o be_v the_o ordinary_a direction_n which_o be_v especial_o give_v in_o these_o martial_a exercise_n be_v first_o that_o no_o man_n in_o the_o time_n of_o exercise_v or_o marshal_n shall_v be_v loud_o than_o his_o officer_n keep_v but_o every_o one_o attend_v to_o his_o place_n when_o he_o be_v command_v shall_v diligent_o hearken_v to_o such_o direction_n as_o shall_v be_v give_v the_o captain_n in_o the_o front_n shall_v speak_v and_o the_o sergeant_n in_o each_o flank_n shall_v give_v the_o word_n unto_o the_o lieutenant_n or_o ensign_n
force_n follow_v after_o to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n intend_v to_o land_n caesar_n find_v it_o exceed_v difficult_a to_o land_v his_o man_n for_o these_o respect_n the_o ship_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v near_o unto_o the_o shore_n the_o soldier_n in_o strange_a and_o unknown_a place_n have_v their_o hand_n lade_v with_o great_a and_o heavy_a weapon_n be_v at_o one_o instant_a to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o billow_n and_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n whereas_o the_o britain_n either_o stand_v upon_o the_o shore_n or_o make_v short_a sally_n into_o the_o water_n do_v bold_o cast_v their_o weapon_n in_o know_v and_o frequent_v place_n and_o manage_v their_o horse_n accustom_v to_o such_o service_n the_o roman_n be_v terrify_v with_o these_o thing_n and_o altogether_o unskilful_a of_o this_o kind_n of_o fight_n do_v not_o use_v the_o same_o courage_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v in_o land-service_n which_o when_o caesar_n perceive_v he_o cause_v the_o galley_n that_o be_v both_o strange_a to_o the_o britain_n &_o ready_a for_o use_n to_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o shâ—ps_n of_o burden_n and_o to_o be_v row_v up_o and_o down_o and_o lay_v against_o the_o open_a side_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o from_o thence_o with_o sling_n engine_n and_o arrow_n the_o enemy_n may_v be_v beat_v up_o from_o the_o water_n side_n which_o stand_v the_o roman_n in_o good_a stead_n for_o the_o britain_n be_v trouble_v with_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o galley_n the_o motion_n of_o their_o oar_n and_o the_o unusual_a kind_n of_o engine_n be_v somewhat_o dismay_v and_o begin_v to_o retire_v back_o and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o soldier_n still_o linger_a and_o especial_o for_o fear_v of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o eagle-bearer_n of_o the_o ten_o legion_n desire_v the_o god_n that_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o happy_o to_o the_o legion_n if_o you_o will_v say_v he_o forsake_v your_o eagle_n o_o you_o soldier_n and_o betray_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o will_v do_v my_o duty_n both_o to_o the_o commonweal_n and_o to_o my_o imperator_n and_o hauâ—ng_v speak_v this_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n he_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o carry_v the_o eagle_n towards_o the_o enemy_n the_o roman_n exhort_v one_o another_o not_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o dishonour_n to_o be_v commit_v they_o all_o leap_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n which_o when_o other_o that_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n perceive_v they_o follow_v they_o with_o as_o great_a alacrity_n and_o press_v towards_o the_o enemy_n to_o encounter_v with_o they_o the_o fight_n on_o both_o part_n be_v very_o eager_a the_o roman_n not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v any_o order_n of_o battle_n nor_o to_o get_v any_o firm_a foot_n nor_o to_o follow_v their_o ensign_n forasmuch_o as_o every_o man_n keep_v with_o those_o ensign_n which_o he_o first_o meet_v withal_o be_v wonderful_o trouble_v but_o the_o enemy_n acquaint_v with_o the_o flat_n and_o shallows_o as_o they_o behold_v they_o from_o the_o shore_n to_o come_v single_a out_o of_o their_o ship_n put_v spur_n to_o their_o horse_n will_v set_v upon_o they_o encumber_v and_o unprepared_a and_o many_o of_o they_o will_v over-lay_a a_o few_o other_o will_v get_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o open_a side_n and_o cast_v their_o weapon_n among_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o they_o which_o when_o caesar_n perceive_v he_o cause_v the_o shipboat_n and_o small_a vessel_n to_o be_v man_v with_o soldier_n and_o where_o he_o see_v need_n of_o help_n he_o send_v they_o to_o rescue_v such_o as_o be_v overcharge_v assoon_o as_o the_o roman_n get_v foot_v on_o the_o firm_a land_n they_o make_v head_n together_o and_o charge_v the_o enemy_n and_o so_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n but_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o follow_v they_o nor_o take_v the_o island_n at_o that_o time_n for_o want_v of_o horseman_n which_o thing_n be_v only_o want_v to_o caesar_n wont_a fortune_n the_o five_o observation_n upon_o this_o circumstance_n of_o land_v i_o may_v just_o take_v occasion_n to_o handle_v that_o controversy_n which_o have_v be_v often_o debate_v by_o our_o english_a captain_n which_o be_v whether_o be_v be_v better_a in_o question_n of_o a_o invasion_n and_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o our_o ship_n to_o oppose_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n upon_o our_o coast_n or_o quiet_o to_o suffer_v he_o to_o set_v his_o man_n on_o shore_n and_o retire_v our_o force_n into_o some_o inland_n place_n and_o there_o attend_v to_o give_v he_o battle_n it_o seem_v that_o such_o as_o first_o set_v this_o question_n on_o foot_n and_o be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o we_o ought_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n to_o encounter_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n for_o so_o we_o may_v much_o endanger_v ourselves_o and_o our_o country_n do_v ground_n themselves_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr langey_a not_o observe_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o island_n and_o a_o continent_n for_o where_o he_o set_v down_o that_o position_n he_o plain_o aim_v at_o such_o prince_n as_o border_v one_o upon_o another_o in_o the_o same_o continent_n but_o where_o their_o territory_n be_v disjoin_v by_o so_o great_a a_o bar_n as_o the_o ocean_n &_o they_o have_v not_o such_o mean_n to_o surprise_v one_o another_o it_o be_v mere_a folly_n to_o hold_v good_a that_o rule_n as_o shall_v better_o appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n wherein_o i_o will_v first_o lay_v down_o the_o reason_n that_o may_v be_v urge_v to_o prove_v it_o unsafe_a to_o oppose_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n not_o as_o be_v urge_v by_o that_o party_n for_o i_o never_o hear_v any_o probable_a motive_n from_o they_o which_o may_v induce_v any_o such_o opinion_n but_o set_v down_o by_o such_o as_o have_v look_v into_o the_o controversy_n both_o with_o experience_n and_o good_a judgement_n and_o first_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o place_n as_o of_o time_n for_o be_v ignorant_a in_o what_o place_n he_o will_v attempt_v a_o land_n we_o must_v either_o defend_v all_o place_n of_o access_n or_o our_o intention_n will_v prove_v more_o frivolous_a and_o to_o perform_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o our_o defensive_a force_n be_v sufficient_a according_a to_o the_o particular_a quality_n of_o every_o place_n subject_n to_o danger_n which_o consider_v the_o large_a extension_n of_o our_o maritime_a part_n and_o the_o many_o landing-place_n on_o our_o coast_n will_v require_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n than_o this_o island_n can_v afford_v and_o although_o it_o can_v furnish_v such_o a_o competent_a number_n as_o may_v seem_v in_o some_o sort_n sufficient_a yet_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o enemy_n arrival_n will_v require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v lodge_v either_o upon_o or_o near_o the_o place_n of_o danger_n many_o day_n at_o least_o if_o not_o many_o week_n before_o the_o instant_n of_o their_o attempt_n which_o will_v exhaust_v a_o great_a mass_n of_o treasure_n then_o can_v be_v well_o afford_v by_o the_o state_n second_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o all_o our_o landing-place_n be_v of_o such_o disadvantage_n for_o the_o defendant_n that_o it_o be_v no_o safety_n at_o all_o to_o make_v head_n against_o he_o at_o the_o land_n for_o inasmuch_o as_o such_o place_n be_v open_a and_o plain_a they_o yield_v no_o commodity_n to_o shelter_v the_o defendant_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o artillery_n wherewith_o the_o enemy_n will_v plentiful_o furnish_v their_o long_a boat_n and_o land_a vessel_n which_o beat_v upon_o the_o beach_n for_o most_o of_o our_o landing-place_n be_v of_o that_o quality_n will_v so_o scatter_v they_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o inconvenience_n thereof_o the_o three_o objection_n may_v arise_v from_o the_o disparity_n both_o of_o number_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o force_n of_o either_o party_n for_o the_o first_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o defendant_n be_v to_o guard_v so_o many_o place_n at_o once_o can_v furnish_v such_o number_n to_o every_o particular_a place_n for_o defence_n as_o the_o assailant_n may_v for_o offence_n concern_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o force_n it_o be_v without_o question_n that_o a_o great_a and_o potent_a prince_n for_o such_o a_o one_o it_o must_v be_v that_o undertake_v to_o invade_v the_o territory_n of_o so_o absolute_a and_o well-obeyed_n a_o princess_n as_o her_o majesty_n be_v will_v draw_v out_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o soldiery_n wheresoever_o beside_o the_o gaâ—â—ant_a troop_n of_o voluntary_n which_o do_v common_o attend_v
common_o their_o conquer_a army_n be_v far_o under_o that_o proportion_n aemilius_n paulus_n aemilius_n only_o have_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o in_o his_o army_n against_o perseus_n and_o win_v the_o battle_n in_o a_o hour_n the_o condition_n of_o our_o time_n require_v no_o dispute_n touch_v this_o point_n for_o we_o seldom_o see_v a_o army_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n in_o the_o field_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o turk_n or_o some_o such_o monarch_n chap._n xxxiii_o critognatus_n his_o speech_n at_o alesia_n touch_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o town_n they_o that_o be_v besiege_v in_o alesia_n caesar_n the_o day_n be_v pass_v by_o which_o they_o look_v for_o succour_n their_o corn_n be_v spend_v and_o not_o know_v what_o be_v do_v abroad_o enter_v into_o consultation_n touch_v the_o end_n of_o their_o fortune_n and_o divers_a opinion_n be_v deliver_v some_o of_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o yield_v up_o of_o the_o town_n and_o other_o persuade_v that_o as_o long_o as_o strength_n last_v there_o may_v be_v sally_n continual_o make_v upon_o the_o enemy_n i_o will_v not_o omit_v the_o speech_n of_o critognatus_n for_o the_o singular_a and_o wicked_a cruelty_n which_o it_o import_v he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a birth_n and_o authority_n among_o the_o arverni_n i_o will_v say_v nothing_o say_v he_o of_o their_o opinion_n that_o call_v base_a servitude_n by_o the_o name_n of_o rendry_a neither_o do_v i_o think_v they_o fit_a to_o be_v account_v citizen_n or_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o council_n of_o state_n with_o they_o will_v i_o deal_v that_o like_a well_o of_o sally_n in_o who_o advice_n and_o counsel_n even_o by_o all_o your_o consent_n the_o memory_n of_o ancient_a virtue_n seem_v to_o consist_v it_o be_v no_o virtue_n but_o a_o weakness_n of_o the_o mind_n not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v want_v a_o little_a while_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o find_v man_n that_o will_v offer_v themselves_o willing_o to_o death_n than_o such_o as_o will_v endure_v labour_n with_o patience_n for_o i_o own_o part_n i_o can_v like_v well_o of_o that_o opinion_n for_o honour_n much_o prevail_v with_o i_o if_o i_o do_v not_o see_v a_o further_a loss_n then_o of_o our_o life_n but_o in_o these_o our_o consultation_n let_v we_o look_v upon_o all_o gallia_n who_o we_o have_v call_v together_o to_o succour_v we_o what_o spirit_n do_v you_o think_v will_v our_o friend_n and_o kinsman_n conceive_v fourscore_o thousand_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o place_n if_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o wage_v battle_n upon_o their_o dead_a carcase_n i_o will_v not_o have_v you_o to_o defraud_v they_o of_o your_o help_n that_o do_v neglect_v all_o peril_n for_o your_o sake_n nor_o by_o your_o foolishness_n and_o your_o rashness_n or_o the_o weakness_n of_o your_o mind_n throw_v down_o all_o gallia_n and_o cast_v it_o into_o perpetual_a bondage_n do_v you_o doubt_v of_o their_o faith_n and_o constancy_n because_o they_o come_v not_o by_o a_o day_n what_o do_v the_o roman_n than_o mean_v in_o these_o outward_a work_n do_v you_o think_v they_o make_v they_o for_o exercise_n or_o to_o pass_v away_o the_o time_n if_o you_o can_v then_o receive_v assurance_n by_o their_o messenger_n all_o passage_n be_v stop_v use_v they_o for_o witness_n that_o their_o come_n be_v at_o hand_n for_o fear_v whereof_o they_o labour_v night_n and_o day_n what_o then_o my_o advice_n be_v that_o we_o do_v as_o our_o forefather_n do_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o cimbri_n and_o teutones_n not_o equal_a to_o this_o who_o be_v shut_v up_o within_o their_o town_n and_o bring_v to_o the_o like_a necessity_n do_v satisfy_v their_o hunger_n with_o the_o body_n of_o such_o as_o be_v find_v unfit_a for_o war_n neither_o do_v they_o yield_v themselves_o unto_o the_o enemy_n whereof_o if_o we_o have_v not_o a_o example_n yet_o i_o will_v judge_v it_o a_o excellent_a thing_n to_o be_v begin_v now_o for_o liberty_n sake_n and_o to_o be_v leave_v to_o posterity_n for_o what_o war_n be_v like_o this_o gallia_n be_v waste_v and_o dispeople_v and_o the_o kingdom_n bring_v into_o great_a misery_n the_o cimbri_n at_o length_n forsake_v our_o country_n and_o seek_v out_o other_o territory_n and_o leave_v unto_o we_o our_o law_n custom_n land_n &_o liberty_n for_o the_o roman_n what_o be_v it_o they_o desire_v or_o what_o will_v they_o have_v but_o be_v draw_v on_o with_o malice_n and_o envy_n who_o they_o understand_v to_o be_v a_o noble_a and_o a_o warlike_a nation_n their_o field_n and_o city_n they_o do_v desire_v to_o take_v from_o they_o and_o to_o yoke_v they_o with_o eternal_a bondage_n as_o never_o make_v war_n with_o other_o condition_n for_o if_o you_o be_v ignorant_a what_o they_o do_v far_o off_o in_o other_o country_n look_v at_o home_n in_o that_o part_n of_o gallia_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o province_n their_o law_n and_o custom_n be_v change_v it_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o axe_n and_o to_o perpetual_a servitude_n their_o opinion_n be_v deliver_v they_o decree_v that_o such_o as_o through_o age_n or_o sickness_n be_v unfit_a for_o war_n shall_v depart_v the_o town_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v prove_v all_o mean_n before_o they_o yield_v to_o critognatus_n opinion_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o matter_n so_o require_v to_o consent_v unto_o it_o and_o to_o attend_v their_o succour_n rather_o than_o to_o yield_v to_o any_o rendry_a and_o condition_n of_o peace_n observation_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o make_v questionable_a in_o the_o extremity_n of_o a_o siege_n siege_n how_o far_o the_o commander_n may_v go_v in_o continue_v their_o resistance_n to_o the_o danger_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o people_n besiege_v whether_o they_o may_v not_o in_o honour_n proceed_v as_o far_o as_o critognatus_n opinion_n will_v draw_v they_o or_o how_o they_o may_v know_v when_o to_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o very_a point_n of_o discreet_a and_o valiant_a carriage_n which_o be_v to_o be_v answer_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o give_v siege_n to_o the_o place_n for_o against_o a_o treacherous_a and_o disloyal_a enemy_n that_o make_v profession_n of_o infidelity_n and_o will_v not_o stick_v after_o a_o composition_n to_o ensnare_v they_o in_o a_o great_a danger_n than_o the_o peril_n of_o death_n there_o will_v be_v much_o endure_v rather_o than_o to_o undergo_v so_o hard_a a_o fortune_n and_o yet_o i_o do_v no_o way_n approve_v the_o cruel_a resolution_n of_o this_o gall_n but_o do_v rather_o commend_v the_o example_n of_o the_o hungarian_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o agria_n agâ—iâ—_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1562._o mahomet_n bassa_n lie_v before_o that_o town_n with_o a_o army_n of_o threescore_o thousand_o turk_n and_o lay_v battery_n to_o it_o with_o fifty_o canon_n there_o be_v within_o the_o town_n two_o thousand_o hungarian_n who_o endure_v and_o put_v off_o thirteen_o most_o terrible_a assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o for_o the_o better_a strengthen_v of_o their_o high_a resolution_n they_o take_v a_o mutual_a oath_n that_o no_o man_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v once_o speak_v of_o a_o treaty_n or_o of_o give_v up_o the_o town_n or_o to_o make_v any_o answer_n to_o the_o enemy_n but_o by_o the_o harquebuse_n or_o the_o canon_n and_o if_o the_o siege_n shall_v happen_v to_o continue_v long_o rather_o to_o die_v for_o hunger_n then_o to_o put_v themselves_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o so_o cruel_a and_o barbarous_a a_o enemy_n they_o determine_v further_o that_o such_o among_o they_o as_o be_v not_o serviceable_a with_o a_o weapon_n shall_v attend_v continual_o to_o reinforce_v the_o rampire_n and_o repair_v the_o ruin_n and_o to_o avoid_v treachery_n they_o take_v order_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o assembly_n in_o the_o city_n above_o the_o number_n of_o three_o together_o they_o command_v likewise_o that_o all_o the_o victual_n as_o be_v either_o public_a or_o private_a shall_v be_v divide_v into_o equal_a portion_n among_o the_o soldier_n and_o the_o best_a of_o it_o shall_v be_v reserve_v for_o such_o as_o be_v hurt_v in_o fight_n it_o be_v further_a report_v that_o the_o bassa_n have_v oftentimes_o offer_v a_o treaty_n they_o only_o show_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o his_o summons_n a_o funeral_n bier_z cover_v with_o black_a lift_v up_o above_o the_o wall_n between_o two_o pike_n to_o signify_v thereby_o that_o they_o will_v not_o come_v out_o but_o by_o death_n as_o this_o be_v a_o degree_n short_a of_o critognatus_n resolution_n so_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o general_n may_v give_v up_o a_o town_n before_o he_o come_v to_o these_o term_n with_o true_a honour_n and_o wisdom_n but_o the_o matter_n as_o i_o have_v say_v consist_v altogether_o upon_o the_o circumstance_n interlace_v but_o that_o which_o be_v further_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o place_n
cremona_n whereof_o tacitus_n have_v this_o description_n histor_n praelium_fw-la tota_fw-la nocte_fw-la varium_fw-la anceps_fw-la atrox_n his_o rursus_fw-la illis_fw-la exitiabile_fw-la nihil_fw-la animus_n aut_fw-la manus_fw-la nâ—_n oculi_fw-la quidem_fw-la provisu_fw-la juvabant_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o fight_n be_v doubtful_a and_o bloody_a the_o whole_a night_n now_o this_o party_n go_v to_o the_o worse_o by_o and_o by_o that_o a_o stout_a heart_n or_o a_o valiant_a hand_n avail_v little_a neither_o can_v the_o eye_n see_v before_o they_o either_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n and_o thus_o be_v all_o night-work_n condemn_v wherein_o either_o order_n or_o honour_n be_v of_o any_o moment_n the_o second_o observation_n i_o have_v already_o note_v in_o the_o former_a commentary_n the_o use_n of_o exact_a and_o particular_a discovery_n of_o the_o country_n where_o a_o party_n be_v engage_v than_o which_o nothing_o do_v more_o advantage_n a_o commander_n to_o expedite_v the_o happy_a issue_n of_o a_o war_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o judge_v of_o any_o motion_n which_o the_o enemy_n shall_v offer_v and_o to_o give_v sure_a direction_n to_o frustrate_v and_o make_v void_a the_o same_o but_o also_o to_o dispose_v himself_o according_a as_o shall_v seem_v expedient_a for_o his_o safety_n wherein_o if_o a_o place_n of_o such_o consequence_n as_o be_v here_o mention_v shall_v by_o design_n be_v aim_v at_o this_o history_n show_v how_o much_o it_o import_v either_o party_n to_o obtain_v it_o and_o therefore_o caesar_n have_v reason_n to_o make_v his_o passage_n through_o valley_n and_o rock_n rather_o than_o to_o lose_v victory_n for_o want_v of_o labour_v in_o a_o uneasy_a way_n this_o lucius_n decidius_n saxa_n or_o didius_n saxa_n employ_v in_o this_o discovery_n be_v afterward_o advance_v by_o caesar_n to_o be_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n whereat_o tully_n be_v so_o much_o offend_v 1â—_n how_o can_v i_o omit_v say_v he_o this_o decidius_n saxa_n philip._n a_o man_n bring_v from_o the_o further_a end_n of_o the_o world_n who_o we_o see_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n before_o we_o ever_o see_v he_o a_o citizen_n chap._n xxiii_o caesar_n refuse_v to_o fight_v upon_o a_o advantage_n offer_v contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n and_o desire_n â—f_o all_o man_n there_o be_v a_o opportunity_n then_o offer_v of_o do_v something_o to_o purpose_n caesar_n neither_o be_v caesar_n ignorant_a thereofâ—_n such_o a_o overthrow_n give_v before_o their_o face_n do_v consequent_o so_o discourage_v they_o that_o it_o be_v think_v they_o will_v not_o endure_v a_o charge_n especial_o be_v compass_v about_o with_o the_o cavalry_n in_o a_o indifferent_a and_o open_a place_n where_o the_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o battle_n which_o be_v on_o all_o side_n instant_o desire_v at_o caesar_n hand_n for_o the_o legate_n centurion_n and_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n come_v joint_o unto_o he_o desire_v he_o to_o make_v no_o doubt_n of_o give_v battle_n for_o all_o the_o soldier_n be_v very_o ready_a and_o forward_o thereunto_o whereas_o the_o contrary_a party_n have_v 〈◊〉_d many_o argument_n of_o fear_n and_o discouragement_n enemy_n first_o in_o that_o they_o do_v not_o succour_v their_o fellow_n second_o in_fw-la asmuch_o as_o they_o have_v not_o bouge_v from_o the_o hill_n which_o they_o have_v take_v for_o a_o retreat_n neither_o have_v they_o withstand_v the_o charge_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o cavalry_n but_o have_v throng_v pell-mell_o together_o and_o confuse_o mingle_v their_o ensign_n one_o with_o another_o no_o man_n either_o keep_v his_o place_n or_o his_o colour_n and_o if_o he_o fear_v the_o inequality_n and_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n he_o may_v take_v some_o other_o of_o more_o indifferency_n for_o certain_o afranius_n can_v not_o long_o stay_v where_o he_o be_v but_o must_v depart_v from_o thence_o for_o want_v of_o water_n caesar_n be_v in_o hope_n to_o end_v the_o matter_n without_o either_o blow_n or_o wound_v of_o his_o man_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o have_v cut_v off_o the_o enemy_n from_o victual_n and_o why_o then_o shall_v be_v lose_v a_o man_n although_o it_o be_v to_o gain_v a_o victory_n why_o shall_v he_o suffer_v his_o valiant_a and_o well-deserving_a soldier_n to_o be_v so_o much_o as_o hurt_v or_o wound_v or_o why_o shall_v he_o put_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o hazard_n of_o fortune_n especial_o when_o it_o no_o less_o concern_v the_o honour_n and_o reputation_n of_o a_o commander_n to_o vanquish_v a_o enemy_n by_o direction_n and_o advice_n theâ—_n to_o subdue_v they_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n be_v move_v withal_o with_o a_o tender_a commiseration_n of_o such_o citizen_n of_o rome_n as_o be_v consequent_o to_o be_v hazard_v or_o slay_v in_o the_o sight_n whereas_o he_o desire_v to_o work_v out_o his_o own_o end_n with_o their_o safety_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesar_n be_v disallow_v by_o most_o man_n and_o the_o soldier_n will_v not_o stick_v to_o speak_v plain_o among_o themselves_o forasmuch_o as_o such_o a_o occasion_n of_o victorâ—â—_n be_v overslipt_v that_o when_o câ—â—sar_n will_v have_v they_o they_o will_v not_o fight_v he_o notwithstanding_o continue_v firm_a in_o his_o opinion_n and_o fall_v as_o little_o off_o from_o the_o enemy_n to_o lessen_v and_o abate_v their_o fear_n and_o amazement_n petreius_n and_o afranius_n upon_o the_o opportunity_n give_v they_o withdraw_v themselves_o into_o their_o camp_n caesar_n have_v possess_v the_o hill_n with_o garrison_n of_o soldier_n and_o shut_v up_o all_o the_o passage_n lead_v to_o iâ—erus_n encamp_v himself_o as_o near_a as_o he_o can_v to_o the_o enemy_n the_o commander_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v much_o afflict_a that_o they_o have_v absolute_o lose_v all_o mean_n of_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o of_o gain_v the_o river_n iâ—erus_n consult_v together_o of_o other_o course_n there_o be_v two_o way_n leave_v open_a the_o one_o to_o return_v to_o ilerda_n and_o the_o other_o to_o tarracon_n and_o while_o they_o be_v consider_v of_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v tell_v they_o that_o such_o as_o go_v out_o for_o water_n be_v very_o much_o press_v by_o our_o cavalry_n whereupon_o they_o place_v many_o court_n of_o guard_n as_o well_o of_o horse_n as_o auxiliary_a footman_n interlace_v the_o legionary_a cohort_n among_o they_o and_o begin_v also_o to_o reâ—se_v a_o rampire_n from_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o watering-place_n that_o the_o soldier_n may_v safe_o without_o fear_n fetch_v water_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o fortification_n which_o work_n petreius_n and_o afranius_n divide_v between_o themselves_o and_o for_o the_o perfect_a of_o the_o same_o have_v occasion_n to_o go_v far_o off_o from_o the_o camp_n by_o mean_n of_o who_o absence_n the_o soldier_n take_v liberty_n of_o free_a speech_n one_o with_o another_o go_v out_o and_o as_o any_o man_n have_v a_o acquaintance_n or_o neighbour_n in_o each_o other_o camp_n 4._o they_o seek_v he_o out_o and_o first_o they_o all_o give_v thanks_o to_o all_o our_o party_n that_o they_o have_v spare_v they_o when_o they_o be_v terrify_v and_o amaze_v the_o day_n before_o in_o regard_n whereof_o they_o acknowledge_v to_o hold_v their_o life_n by_o their_o favour_n and_o afterward_o inquire_v how_o they_o may_v safe_o yield_v themselves_o to_o their_o general_n complain_v that_o they_o have_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o so_o have_v join_v their_o force_n with_o their_o ancient_a friend_n and_o kinsman_n and_o have_v proceed_v thus_o far_o in_o their_o communication_n they_o require_v assurance_n for_o the_o life_n of_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v to_o conceive_v mischief_n against_o their_o general_n or_o betray_v they_o in_o seek_v their_o own_o safety_n which_o thing_n be_v agree_v upon_o they_o promise_v to_o come_v with_o their_o ensign_n to_o caesar_n camp_n and_o thereupon_o seâ—t_v to_o caesar_n some_o of_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n as_o deputy_n to_o treat_v of_o peace_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n 4._o they_o invite_v their_o friend_n on_o either_o side_n into_o the_o camp_n insomuch_o as_o both_o their_o lodging_n seem_v but_o one_o camp_n many_o of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o centurion_n come_v to_o caesar_n recommend_v themselves_o to_o his_o favour_n and_o the_o like_a do_v the_o grandee_n and_o chief_a prince_n of_o spain_n who_o they_o have_v command_v out_o to_o take_v party_n in_o this_o war_n and_o to_o remain_v with_o they_o as_o hostage_n and_o pledge_n these_o inquire_v after_o their_o old_a acquaintance_n and_o ancient_a host_n by_o who_o each_o man_n may_v have_v access_n to_o caesar_n with_o some_o commendation_n in_o like_a manner_n afranius_n his_o son_n deal_v with_o caesar_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o sulpitius_n a_o legate_n touch_v his_o own_o and_o his_o father_n life_n all_o thing_n sound_v of_o joy_n and_o mutual_a
his_o exhortation_n nor_o entreaty_n he_o command_v they_o as_o the_o last_o hope_n they_o have_v of_o safety_n that_o they_o shall_v all_o fly_v unto_o the_o next_o hill_n and_o thither_o he_o command_v the_o ensign_n to_o be_v carry_v but_o the_o cavalry_n send_v by_o sabura_n have_v also_o possess_v that_o place_n before_o whereby_o our_o man_n begin_v to_o fall_v into_o utter_a despair_n and_o partly_o be_v slay_v as_o they_o flee_v by_o the_o horseman_n or_o fall_v down_o without_o wound_v cn._n domitius_n general_n of_o the_o horse_n stand_v with_o a_o few_o horseman_n about_o he_o persuade_v curio_n to_o save_v himself_o by_o slight_a and_o to_o get_v the_o camp_n promise_v not_o to_o leave_v or_o forsake_v he_o but_o curio_n confident_o reply_v that_o he_o will_v never_o come_v in_o caesar_n sight_n have_v lose_v the_o army_n commit_v unto_o he_o and_o thereupon_o fight_v valiant_o be_v slay_v a_o few_o horseman_n save_v themselves_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o battle_n 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as_o ambassador_n to_o varus_n render_v themselves_o unto_o he_o the_o next_o day_n after_o juba_n see_v the_o cohort_n of_o these_o soldier_n before_o the_o town_n cry_v out_o present_o that_o they_o be_v part_n of_o his_o booty_n and_o thereupon_o give_v order_n that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v slay_v and_o select_v a_o few_o of_o the_o rest_n send_v they_o into_o his_o kingdom_n varus_n complain_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n that_o his_o faith_n and_o promise_n be_v violate_v and_o yet_o dare_v not_o resist_v it_o the_o king_n ride_v into_o the_o town_n attend_v with_o many_o sâ—nationns_n among_o 〈◊〉_d be_v ser._n sulpitius_n and_o licinius_n damasippus_n and_o remain_v there_o a_o few_o day_n give_v such_o order_n for_o thing_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o then_o return_v to_o his_o kingdom_n with_o all_o his_o force_n observation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o period_n which_o divine_a power_n make_v lucan_n to_o the_o hopeful_a beginning_n of_o curio_n design_n upon_o africa_n and_o happen_v so_o sudden_o as_o they_o be_v lose_v ere_o they_o be_v aware_a like_o a_o tempest_n at_o sea_n that_o swallow_v up_o vessel_n in_o the_o same_o place_n 4._o where_o a_o little_a before_o they_o swim_v most_o proud_o and_o in_o the_o like_o irrecoverable_a manner_n for_o war_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o second_o error_n one_o fault_n be_v enough_o to_o ruin_v a_o army_n and_o to_o disable_v curio_n for_o ever_o do_v the_o like_a of_o who_o lucan_n have_v leave_v this_o memorial_n peccaâ—e_fw-la haud_fw-la alium_fw-la tanta_fw-la civem_fw-la tulit_fw-la tudole_fw-la roma_fw-la pluâ—aâ—ch_n aut_fw-la cui_fw-la plus_fw-la leges_fw-la deberent_fw-la recta_fw-la sequenti_fw-la perdita_z nunc_fw-la primum_fw-la nocuerunt_fw-la secula_fw-la postquam_fw-la ambitus_fw-la &_o luxus_fw-la &_o opum_fw-la metuenda_fw-la facultas_fw-la transverso_fw-la mentem_fw-la dubiam_fw-la torrente_n tulerunt_fw-la momentumque_fw-la fuit_fw-la mutatus_fw-la curio_n rerum_fw-la gallorum_n captus_fw-la spoliis_fw-la &_o caesaris_fw-la auro_fw-la so_o virtuous_a citizen_n rome_n never_o breed_v whilst_o right_a the_o law_n a_o friend_n like_o he_o never_o have_v but_o the_o bad_a time_n first_o take_v he_o from_o his_o hold_n ambition_n riot_n and_o the_o force_n of_o gold_n in_o a_o wrong_a stream_n soon_o draw_v his_o waver_a mind_n of_o great_a concern_v which_o way_n so_o ever_o incline_v fetch_v off_o with_o gallic_a spoil_n and_o caesar_n gift_n his_o body_n lie_v unbury_v luc._n as_o a_o witness_n of_o numidian_a hate_n which_o be_v always_o extreme_a like_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o country_n and_o of_o juba_n particular_a revenge_n for_o tender_v a_o edict_n to_o the_o people_n to_o confiscate_v his_o kingdom_n to_o conclude_v this_o commentary_n the_o loss_n either_o party_n sustain_v unto_o this_o stage_n of_o the_o war_n be_v in_o these_o particular_n pompey_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o italy_n lose_v marseilles_n and_o both_o the_o province_n of_o spain_n caesar_n receive_v this_o loss_n in_o africa_n beside_o that_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n where_o antonius_n miscarry_v whereof_o he_o make_v no_o mention_n in_o these_o commentary_n and_o homer_n as_o when_o jupiter_n weigh_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o the_o trojan_n in_o a_o paâ—re_n of_o balance_n 8._o it_o fall_v out_o the_o greek_n have_v more_o ill_a luck_n than_o the_o trojan_n so_o the_o fortune_n of_o these_o party_n be_v weigh_v by_o the_o relation_n make_v thereof_o it_o fall_v plain_o out_o that_o pompey_n have_v the_o worse_o and_o thus_o end_v the_o second_o commentary_n the_o three_o commentary_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n the_o argument_n the_o former_a book_n contain_v the_o drift_n and_o design_n which_o these_o famous_a chief_n attempt_v and_o prosecute_v while_o they_o be_v asunder_o and_o now_o come_v their_o buckle_v at_o hand_n to_o be_v relate_v together_o with_o the_o judgement_n which_o the_o war_n give_v of_o the_o cause_n in_o question_n on_o caesar_n behalf_n chap._n i._n caesar_n give_v order_n at_o rome_n for_o matter_n of_o credit_n and_o usury_n and_o other_o thing_n caesar_n the_o dictator_n hold_v the_o assembly_n for_o election_n of_o magistrate_n caesar_n julius_n caesar_n and_o pub._n servilius_n be_v create_v consul_n for_o in_o that_o year_n he_o be_v capable_a by_o law_n to_o be_v choose_v thereunto_o these_o thing_n be_v end_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o find_v that_o credit_n be_v very_o scant_o throughout_o all_o italy_n and_o that_o money_n send_v upon_o trust_n be_v not_o pay_v he_o give_v order_v that_o arbitratour_n shall_v be_v appoint_v to_o make_v a_o estimation_n of_o possession_n and_o good_n according_a as_o they_o be_v value_v before_o the_o war_n and_o that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v take_v they_o at_o that_o rate_n for_o their_o money_n for_o this_o course_n he_o think_v to_o be_v fit_a and_o expedient_a as_o well_o for_o the_o take_v away_o of_o any_o fear_n of_o composition_n or_o new_a assurance_n for_o the_o quit_n and_o abolish_n of_o all_o debt_n which_o do_v common_o fall_v out_o upon_o war_n and_o civil_a broil_n as_o also_o for_o the_o keep_n and_o preserve_v of_o the_o debtor_n credit_n in_o like_a manner_n he_o restore_v the_o ancient_a course_n of_o appeal_n make_v by_o the_o praetor_n and_o tribune_n to_o the_o people_n as_o also_o certain_a course_n use_v in_o sue_v for_o magistracy_n which_o be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o pompey_n time_n when_o he_o keep_v the_o legion_n about_o he_o in_o the_o city_n and_o likewise_o reform_v such_o judgement_n in_o suit_n and_o trial_n of_o law_n as_o be_v give_v in_o case_n when_o the_o matter_n in_o controversy_n be_v hear_v by_o one_o judge_n and_o the_o sentence_n pronounce_v the_o same_o day_n by_o another_o judge_n last_o of_o all_o whereas_o divers_a stand_v condemn_v for_o offer_v their_o service_n unto_o he_o in_o the_o
who_o come_v with_o such_o a_o 〈◊〉_d upon_o pompey_n horseman_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o stand_v before_o they_o but_o turn_v their_o back_n do_v not_o only_o give_v place_n but_o flee_v all_o as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o high_a hill_n whereby_o the_o archer_n and_o slinger_n be_v leave_v naked_a without_o succour_n be_v all_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n and_o with_o the_o same_o violence_n those_o cohort_n encompass_v about_o the_o left_a cornet_n notwithstanding_o any_o resistance_n that_o can_v be_v make_v by_o pompey_n party_n and_o charge_v they_o behind_o upon_o their_o back_n at_o the_o same_o time_n caesar_n command_v the_o three_o battle_n which_o as_o yet_o stand_v still_o and_o be_v not_o remove_v to_o advance_v forward_o by_o mean_n of_o which_o fresh_a and_o sound_a man_n relieve_v such_o as_o be_v faint_a and_o weary_a as_o also_o that_o other_o do_v charge_v they_o behind_o upon_o their_o back_n pompey_n party_n be_v able_a no_o long_o to_o endure_v it_o but_o all_o turn_v their_o back_n and_o flee_v neither_o be_v caesar_n deceive_v in_o his_o opinion_n that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o victory_n will_v grow_v from_o those_o cohort_n which_o he_o place_v in_o the_o four_o battle_n against_o the_o horseman_n according_a as_o he_o himself_o have_v open_o speak_v in_o his_o encouragement_n to_o the_o soldier_n for_o by_o they_o first_o the_o cavalry_n be_v beat_v by_o they_o the_o archer_n and_o slinger_n be_v slay_v by_o they_o pompey_n battle_n be_v circumvent_v on_o the_o left_a cornet_n and_o by_o their_o mean_n they_o begin_v to_o fly_v as_o soon_o as_o pompey_n see_v his_o cavalry_n beat_v and_o perceive_v the_o part_n wherein_o he_o most_o trust_v to_o be_v amuse_v and_o affright_v and_o distrust_v the_o rest_n he_o forthwith_o leave_v the_o battle_n and_o convey_v himself_o on_o horseback_n into_o the_o camp_n and_o speak_v to_o the_o centurion_n that_o have_v the_o watch_n at_o the_o praetorian_a gate_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n as_o all_o the_o soldier_n may_v hear_v he_o say_v keep_v the_o camp_n &_o defend_v it_o diligent_o to_o prevent_v any_o hard_a casualty_n that_o may_v happen_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n i_o will_v go_v about_o to_o the_o other_o port_n to_o settle_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o have_v thus_o say_v he_o go_v into_o the_o praetorium_n distrust_v the_o main_a point_n and_o yet_o expect_v the_o event_n the_o first_o observation_n pompey_n so_o carry_v himself_o in_o the_o course_n of_o this_o war_n as_o he_o rather_o seem_v a_o sufferer_n then_o a_o doer_n never_o dispose_v his_o army_n for_o any_o attempt_n or_o onset_n but_o only_o when_o he_o break_v out_o of_o the_o place_n wherein_o he_o be_v besiege_v at_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o according_o he_o give_v order_n that_o in_o the_o main_a action_n &_o point_n of_o trial_n his_o soldier_n shall_v suffer_v and_o sustain_v the_o assault_n rather_o than_o otherwise_o but_o whether_o he_o do_v well_o or_o no_o have_v since_o be_v in_o question_n caesar_n utter_o dislike_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n contrary_n to_o reason_n plutarch_n est_fw-la quaedam_fw-la say_v he_o animi_fw-la incitatio_fw-la atque_fw-la alacritas_fw-la naturaliter_fw-la innata_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quae_fw-la study_n pugnae_fw-la incenditur_fw-la hanc_fw-la non_fw-la reprimere_fw-la sed_fw-la augere_fw-la imperatores_fw-la debent_fw-la there_o be_v a_o certain_a incitation_n and_o alacrity_n of_o spirit_n natural_o plant_v in_o every_o man_n which_o be_v inflame_v with_o a_o desire_n to_o fight_v neither_o shall_v any_o commander_n repress_v or_o restrain_v the_o same_o but_o rather_o increase_v it_o and_o set_v it_o forward_o agreeable_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o cato_n the_o great_a that_o in_o case_n of_o battle_n and_o enemy_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v with_o all_o violence_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o put_v the_o soldier_n at_o some_o reasonable_a distance_n into_o a_o posture_n of_o vaunt_a and_o definance_n with_o menace_n and_o cry_v of_o terror_n and_o then_o to_o spring_v forward_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v make_v they_o fall_v upon_o their_o enemy_n with_o great_a fury_n as_o champion_n or_o wrestler_n before_o they_o buckle_v stretch_v out_o their_o limb_n and_o make_v their_o flourish_n as_o may_v best_o serve_v to_o assure_v themselves_o and_o discourage_v their_o adversary_n according_a as_o we_o read_v of_o hercules_n and_o antaeus_n ille_fw-la cleonaei_fw-la projecit_fw-la terga_fw-la leonis_fw-la 4._o antaeus_n libyâ—i_n persudâ—t_fw-la membra_fw-la liquore_fw-la hospes_fw-la olympiacae_fw-la servato_fw-la more_fw-it palaestrae_fw-la ille_fw-la parum_fw-la â—idens_fw-la pedibus_fw-la contingere_fw-la matrem_fw-la auxilium_fw-la membris_fw-la calidas_fw-la infudit_fw-la arenas_fw-la the_o one_o throw_v by_o his_o cleoncan_n lion_n skin_n the_o other_n be_v libyan_a and_o ere_o they_o begin_v the_o one_o anoints_z himself_o from_o top_n to_o toe_n as_o the_o olympian_a gamester_n use_v to_o do_v not_o sure_o his_o foe_n will_v let_v his_o foot_n touch_v ground_n himself_o with_o sand_n antaeus_n sprinkle_v round_o howbeit_o forasmuch_o as_o all_o man_n be_v not_o of_o one_o temper_n but_o require_v several_a fashion_n to_o tune_v their_o mind_n to_o the_o true_a note_n of_o a_o battle_n we_o shall_v find_v several_a nation_n to_o have_v several_a usance_n in_o this_o point_n the_o roman_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o of_o caesar_n be_v of_o ancient_a time_n accustom_v to_o sound_a trumpet_n and_o oboe_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o army_n and_o to_o take_v up_o a_o great_a clamour_n and_o shout_n whereby_o the_o soldier_n in_o their_o understanding_n be_v encourage_v and_o the_o enemy_n affright_v homer_n whereas_o contrariwise_o the_o greek_n go_v always_o with_o a_o close_a and_o silent_a mouth_n 3._o as_o have_v more_o to_o do_v then_o to_o say_v to_o their_o enemy_n and_o thucydides_n write_v of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o flower_n of_o greece_n for_o matter_n of_o arm_n say_v that_o instead_o of_o trumpet_n and_o cornet_n to_o incite_v they_o they_o use_v the_o sweet_a harmony_n of_o flute_n to_o moderate_v and_o qualify_v their_o passion_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v transport_v with_o unbridled_a impetuesity_n it_o be_v report_v that_o marshal_n byron_n the_o father_n seem_v to_o dislike_v of_o our_o english_a march_n hear_v it_o beat_v by_o the_o drum_n as_o too_o slow_a and_o of_o no_o encouragement_n and_o yet_o it_o so_o fit_v our_o nation_n as_o sir_n roger_n williams_n then_o answer_v as_o we_o have_v divers_a time_n overrun_v all_o france_n with_o it_o howsoever_o the_o event_n of_o this_o battle_n be_v sufficient_a to_o disprove_v pompey_n error_n herein_o and_o to_o make_v good_a what_o caesar_n command_v the_o second_o observation_n these_o six_o cohort_n which_o make_v the_o four_o battle_n do_v so_o encounter_v pompey_n cavalry_n that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v they_o it_o be_v say_v that_o caesar_n give_v they_o order_n not_o to_o sling_v their_o pile_n as_o common_o they_o do_v but_o to_o hold_v they_o in_o their_o hand_n like_o a_o pike_n or_o a_o javelin_n and_o make_v only_o at_o the_o face_n of_o those_o gallant_n and_o man_n at_o arm_n on_o horseback_n for_o the_o hold_n of_o they_o in_o their_o hand_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v it_o and_o can_v conceive_v how_o they_o can_v reach_v more_o than_o the_o next_o rank_n unto_o they_o in_o that_o manner_n but_o for_o make_v at_o the_o face_n of_o the_o cavalry_n 2._o florus_n say_v that_o caesar_n as_o he_o gallop_v up_o and_o down_o the_o rank_n be_v hear_v to_o let_v fall_v bloody_a and_o bitter_a word_n but_o very_o pathetical_a and_o effectual_a for_o a_o victory_n as_o thus_o soldier_n cast_v right_o at_o the_o face_n whereas_o pompey_n call_v to_o his_o man_n to_o spare_v their_o fellow-citizen_n eutropius_n in_o his_o epitome_n of_o suetonius_n affirm_v the_o same_o thing_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o and_o lucan_n seem_v to_o aver_v the_o same_o concern_v that_o of_o caesar_n adversosque_fw-la jubetferro_fw-la contundere_fw-la vultus_fw-la 7._o he_o bid_v they_o strike_v just_a at_o the_o enemy_n face_n frontinus_n have_v it_o thus_o 7._o c._n caesar_n cum_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la pompeianis_fw-la magna_fw-la equitum_fw-la romanorum_fw-la esset_fw-la manus_fw-la eaque_fw-la armorum_fw-la scientia_fw-la milites_fw-la conficeret_fw-la ora_fw-la oculosque_fw-la eorum_fw-la gladiis_fw-la peti_fw-la jussit_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la aduersam_fw-la faciem_fw-la cedere_fw-la coegit_fw-la pompey_n have_v in_o his_o army_n a_o great_a company_n of_o roman_a knight_n who_o be_v well-skilled_a at_o their_o weapon_n make_v a_o end_n of_o their_o enemy_n caesar_n command_v his_o man_n to_o make_v at_o their_o face_n and_o eye_n and_o thereby_o compel_v they_o to_o turn_v away_o their_o face_n the_o three_o observation_n among_o these_o memorial_n crastinus_n may_v not_o be_v forget_v be_v the_o first_o man_n that_o begin_v the_o battle_n
the_o town_n and_o to_o learn_v what_o achillas_n intend_v howsoever_o he_o command_v all_o the_o soldier_n to_o arm_n and_o exhort_v the_o king_n that_o of_o those_o which_o be_v near_a unto_o he_o and_o of_o great_a authority_n he_o will_v send_v some_o to_o achillas_n to_o know_v his_o meaning_n dioscorides_n &_o serapion_n be_v depute_v thereunto_o have_v be_v both_o ambassador_n at_o rome_n and_o in_o great_a place_n about_o ptolemey_n the_o father_n they_o come_v to_o achillas_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v come_v into_o his_o presence_n and_o before_o he_o will_v hear_v or_o understand_v what_o they_o will_v have_v he_o command_v to_o be_v take_v away_o and_o slay_v of_o who_o one_o have_v receive_v a_o wound_n be_v carry_v away_o by_o his_o own_o people_n for_o dead_a the_o other_o be_v slay_v outright_o whereupon_o caesar_n wrought_v to_o get_v the_o king_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n think_v that_o his_o name_n and_o title_n will_v prevail_v much_o among_o his_o people_n as_o also_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o this_o war_n be_v rather_o move_v by_o the_o private_a practice_n of_o some_o seditious_a thief_n then_o by_o order_n and_o commandment_n from_o the_o king_n observation_n the_o multiplicity_n of_o occasion_n and_o trouble_n which_o happen_v to_o such_o as_o have_v the_o order_n of_o any_o business_n of_o import_n do_v make_v that_o of_o pliny_n often_o remember_v 8._o veteribus_fw-la negotâ—â—s_fw-la nova_fw-la accrâ—scunt_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la priora_fw-la peraguntur_fw-la tot_fw-la nexibus_fw-la tot_fw-la quasi_fw-la catenis_fw-la majus_fw-la indy_n occupationum_fw-la agmen_fw-la extenditur_fw-la new_a business_n come_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o old_a and_o yet_o the_o first_o be_v not_o dispatch_v with_o so_o many_o tie_n and_o chain_n as_o it_o be_v be_v the_o troup_n of_o business_n every_o day_n make_v long_a and_o long_o for_o albeit_o pompey_n have_v now_o spend_v his_o malice_n and_o be_v no_o more_o to_o appear_v in_o arm_n against_o caesar_n yet_o his_o hap_n be_v by_o sly_v to_o draw_v he_o as_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o revenge_n into_o a_o place_n where_o he_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v entangle_v in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n to_o thâ—se_a prodigy_n here_o mention_v may_v be_v add_v that_o of_o aulus_n gellius_n 18._o that_o the_o same_o day_n the_o battle_n happen_v there_o fall_v out_o a_o strange_a wonder_n at_o 〈◊〉_d where_o a_o certain_a priest_n call_v cornelius_n of_o noble_a race_n and_o holy_a life_n sudden_o fall_v into_o a_o ecstasy_n and_o say_v he_o see_v a_o great_a battle_n afar_o off_o dart_n and_o pile_n she_o thick_a in_o the_o air_n some_o sly_v and_o some_o pursue_v great_a slaughter_n accompany_v with_o many_o lamentable_a groan_n and_o cry_n and_o in_o the_o end_n cry_v out_o that_o caesar_n have_v get_v the_o victory_n for_o which_o he_o be_v mâ—â—ked_v for_o the_o present_a but_o afterward_o hold_v in_o great_a admiration_n pliny_n make_v the_o small_a increase_n of_o nilus_n to_o be_v a_o fore-teller_n of_o pompey_n death_n 9_o minimumque_fw-la pharsalico_n bello_fw-la veluti_fw-la necem_fw-la magni_fw-la prodâ—gâ—â—_n quodam_fw-la slumine_fw-la aversante_n the_o least_o increase_n of_o nilus_n be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o pharsaliaâ—â—_n battle_n the_o very_a river_n prodigious_o show_v as_o it_o be_v a_o detestation_n of_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o great_a pompey_n chap._n xxxviii_o caesar_n land_v his_o force_n take_v pharus_n and_o cause_v photinus_n to_o be_v slay_v the_o force_n that_o be_v with_o achillas_n be_v neither_o for_o their_o number_n or_o fashion_n of_o man_n or_o use_v and_o experience_n in_o war_n to_o be_v contemn_v for_o he_o have_v twenty_o two_o thousand_o man_n in_o arm_n these_o troop_n consist_v of_o the_o gabinian_a soldier_n which_o be_v now_o grow_v into_o a_o custom_n of_o life_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o egyptian_n and_o have_v forget_v the_o name_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v there_o marry_v wife_n and_o most_o of_o they_o have_v child_n to_o these_o be_v add_v such_o as_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o thief_n and_o robber_n of_o syria_n the_o province_n of_o cilicia_n and_o other_o finitimate_a region_n beside_o many_o banish_a man_n and_o other_o condemn_v to_o die_v that_o flee_v thither_o and_o for_o all_o our_o fugitive_n there_o be_v ever_o a_o sure_a and_o certain_a receipt_n at_o alexandria_n and_o a_o certain_a condition_n of_o life_n for_o upon_o give_v up_o of_o his_o name_n he_o be_v present_o enrol_v a_o soldier_n and_o if_o one_o chance_v to_o be_v take_v and_o apprehend_v by_o his_o master_n he_o be_v present_o rescue_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o soldier_n who_o be_v all_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n do_v strive_v for_o he_o as_o for_o themselves_o these_o require_v the_o king_n friend_n to_o be_v slay_v these_o be_v accustom_v to_o rob_v rich_a man_n of_o their_o good_n to_o better_a their_o pay_n to_o besiege_v the_o king_n house_n to_o expel_v some_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o send_v for_o other_o home_n according_a to_o a_o old_a custom_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a army_n there_o be_v beside_o two_o thousand_o horse_n that_o have_v be_v of_o ancient_a continuance_n in_o many_o of_o the_o war_n hold_v at_o alexandria_n and_o have_v bring_v back_o ptolemy_n the_o father_n and_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o kingdom_n have_v slay_v bibulus_n two_o son_n and_o have_v make_v war_n with_o the_o egyptian_n and_o this_o use_n and_o knowledge_n they_o have_v of_o war_n achillas_n trust_v to_o these_o force_n and_o contemn_v the_o small_a number_n of_o caesar_n troop_n do_v take_v and_o possess_v alexandria_n and_o further_o assault_v that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n which_o caesar_n hold_v with_o his_o man_n do_v first_o of_o all_o endeavour_n to_o break_v into_o his_o house_n but_o caesar_n have_v dispose_v the_o cohort_n in_o the_o street_n and_o way_n do_v bear_v out_o the_o assault_n at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o seek_v likewise_o at_o the_o port_n and_o it_o come_v at_o length_n to_o a_o very_a forcible_a encounter_n for_o have_v draw_v out_o their_o troop_n the_o fight_n begin_v to_o be_v â—ot_n in_o divers_a street_n and_o lane_n and_o the_o enemy_n in_o great_a troop_n go_v about_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o galley_n of_o which_o there_o be_v 50._o find_v there_o that_o be_v send_v to_o serve_v pompey_n and_o return_v home_o again_o after_o the_o battle_n in_o thessalia_n these_o be_v all_o triremes_n and_o quinqueremes_n rig_v and_o ready_a to_o go_v to_o sea_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v twenty_o two_o which_o be_v always_o accustom_v to_o be_v the_o best_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o alexandria_n and_o be_v all_o furnish_v with_o deck_n which_o if_o they_o have_v take_v together_o with_o caesar_n ship_n they_o will_v have_v have_v the_o haven_n and_o the_o sea_n at_o their_o command_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n hinder_v caesar_n from_o succour_n and_o provision_n of_o victual_n in_o regard_v whereof_o they_o fight_v hard_o on_o both_o side_n achillas_n expect_v victory_n and_o our_o man_n for_o their_o safety_n but_o caesar_n obtain_v his_o purpose_n and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v so_o many_o several_a thing_n with_o so_o small_a force_n he_o set_v they_o all_o on_o fire_n together_o with_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o road_n and_o present_o land_v some_o soldier_n at_o pharus_n which_o be_v a_o tower_n in_o a_o island_n of_o a_o great_a height_n &_o build_v with_o strange_a workmanship_n take_v that_o name_n from_o the_o island_n this_o island_n lie_v over_o against_o alexandria_n and_o so_o make_v it_o a_o haven_n but_o former_a king_n have_v enlarge_v it_o nine_o hundred_o pace_n in_o length_n by_o raise_v great_a mount_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n have_v bring_v it_o so_o near_o to_o the_o town_n that_o they_o join_v they_o both_o together_o with_o a_o bridge_n in_o this_o island_n dwell_v divers_a 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in_o the_o rear_n who_o as_o in_o his_o proper_a place_n see_v all_o thing_n execute_v according_o as_o the_o captain_n shall_v command_v it_o shall_v be_v unpossible_a to_o perform_v any_o thing_n herein_o unless_o first_o every_o one_o do_v exact_o observe_v his_o leader_n and_o his_o sideman_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v often_o command_v keep_v your_o file_n keep_v your_o rank_n of_o march_n in_o champain_n there_o need_v no_o great_a labour_n to_o marshal_v particular_a troop_n for_o their_o after-marche_n champain_n because_o they_o may_v march_v either_o by_o whole_a division_n observe_v only_o their_o course_n of_o indifferency_n that_o every_o division_n may_v every_o three_o day_n have_v the_o vanguard_n or_o else_o in_o such_o form_n and_o fashion_n as_o the_o general_n have_v propose_v for_o a_o day_n of_o battle_n according_a as_o the_o danger_n of_o a_o expect_a enemy_n shall_v give_v occasion_n but_o because_o all_o country_n will_v not_o afford_v a_o champain_n for_o the_o march_v of_o a_o army_n and_o therefore_o not_o possible_a to_o march_v far_o with_o many_o troop_n in_o front_n nor_o many_o file_n of_o any_o one_o troup_n or_o division_n by_o reason_n of_o often_o straits_n and_o passage_n betwixt_o hill_n wood_n or_o water_n it_o be_v provide_v though_o by_o long_a induction_n the_o whole_a army_n shall_v be_v extend_v into_o a_o thin_a length_n and_o few_o file_n passage_n yet_o the_o soldier_n well_o dispose_v shall_v be_v as_o ready_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o offend_v the_o enemy_n on_o their_o flank_n from_o whence_o only_o in_o such_o straits_n the_o danger_n be_v imminent_a as_o if_o they_o be_v to_o affront_v a_o enemy_n with_o a_o entire_a battallion_n in_o a_o champain_n country_n first_o therefore_o a_o division_n or_o battallion_n be_v order_v and_o draw_v before_o the_o quarter_n maâ—ch_n into_o one_o even_a front_n of_o just_a file_n ten_o in_o depth_n the_o musketeer_n equal_o divide_v on_o the_o 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their_o face_n about_o be_v to_o march_v three_o or_o four_o pace_n forward_o retreat_n their_o chief_a officer_n come_v in_o the_o rear_n first_o command_v the_o last_o rank_n to_o make_v ready_a and_o then_o to_o turn_v face_n about_o &_o discharge_v and_o wheel_n about_o to_o the_o head_n or_o front_n of_o the_o division_n and_o be_v clear_o pass_v the_o next_o rank_n to_o perform_v as_o much_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n where_o the_o passage_n be_v narrow_a passage_n and_o the_o division_n can_v come_v to_o charge_n in_o front_n as_o between_o two_o water_n or_o wood_n the_o manner_n of_o charge_v be_v different_a for_o there_o be_v five_o or_o ten_o file_n lead_v in_o the_o induction_n that_o file_n which_o flank_v the_o enemy_n discharge_v first_o only_o and_o the_o rest_n march_v continual_o forward_o it_o stand_v firm_a until_o the_o last_o rank_n be_v pass_v and_o then_o sleeve_v itself_o on_o the_o left_a flank_n and_o make_v ready_a and_o so_o the_o second_o file_n and_o the_o three_o so_o long_o as_o the_o enemy_n shall_v continue_v there_o be_v a_o continual_a discharge_n by_o file_n as_o before_o by_o rank_n ireland_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o pase_n of_o ireland_n meet_v with_o a_o irregular_a enemy_n where_o they_o use_v to_o intermingle_v their_o file_n of_o shot_n with_o pike_n that_o the_o one_o may_v be_v a_o defence_n for_o the_o other_o when_o the_o enemy_n shall_v come_v up_o to_o the_o sword_n as_o they_o use_v there_o very_o often_o how_o direction_n be_v deliver_v in_o the_o war_n all_o direction_n in_o the_o war_n have_v ever_o be_v deliver_v either_o by_o sign_n subject_a to_o the_o eye_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o drum_n or_o some_o such_o warlike_a instrument_n sign_n concern_v those_o visible_a sign_n display_v unto_o the_o soldier_n the_o fall_n of_o mist_n the_o raise_n of_o dust_n shower_n of_o rain_n &_o snow_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n hilly_a uneven_a and_o crooked_a passage_n by_o long_a experience_n have_v find_v they_o to_o be_v most_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a as_o also_o because_o as_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n to_o invent_v different_a sign_n upon_o all_o sudden_a occasion_n so_o it_o be_v almost_o a_o impossibility_n that_o the_o common_a soldier_n who_o oftentimes_o be_v find_v scarce_o capable_a of_o the_o understanding_n of_o plain_a word_n distinct_o pronounce_v shall_v both_o apprehend_v and_o understand_v sudden_o and_o execute_v direct_o the_o true_a sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o his_o commander_n sign_n the_o drum_n and_o trumpet_n be_v yet_o use_v trumpet_n but_o because_o many_o different_a sound_n be_v not_o easy_o distinguish_v in_o soldier_n understanding_n without_o some_o danger_n of_o confusion_n we_o only_o command_v by_o the_o inarticulate_a sound_n to_o arm_v to_o march_v to_o troup_n to_o
the_o tripod_n be_v the_o mark_n by_o these_o two_o divinity_n for_o phoebus_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v two_o signification_n which_o relate_v much_o to_o his_o star_n and_o tripod_n that_o be_v to_o say_v splendid_a and_o luminous_a so_o that_o he_o be_v both_o foreteller_n and_o augur_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o star_n of_o venus_n or_o phosphorus_n or_o as_o philo_z judaeus_fw-la call_v it_o eosphorus_n and_o to_o this_o sun_n or_o star_n of_o phoebus_n apollo_n it_o may_v be_v conjecture_v they_o be_v place_v above_o this_o tripod_n to_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o these_o god_n shall_v promise_v the_o roman_a augur_n caesar_n by_o a_o continual_a success_n in_o all_o his_o enterprise_n the_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o both_o east_n and_o west_n the_o seven_o medal_n caesar_n a_o elephant_n with_o a_o serpent_n betwixt_o his_o leg_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o utensil_n and_o instrument_n that_o belong_v to_o sacrifice_v with_o the_o head-ornament_n of_o the_o highpriest_n divers_a antiquary_n have_v so_o comment_v upon_o this_o medal_n as_o to_o make_v the_o word_n caesar_n signify_v a_o elephant_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o devise_n signify_v altogether_o as_o much_o as_o if_o it_o have_v this_o inscription_n about_o it_o imp._n caesar_n or_o caesar_z dictator_n perp._n on_o one_o side_n and_o pontif_n max._n on_o the_o other_o for_o as_o the_o one_o show_v forth_o the_o royal_a quality_n the_o other_o suppose_v the_o pontifical_a to_o have_v be_v in_o those_o time_n join_v with_o it_o in_o the_o person_n of_o caesar_n a_o elephant_n in_o italy_n according_a to_o artemidorus_n signify_v a_o royal_a imperial_a or_o supreme_a power_n but_o achmet_n in_o his_o oneirocritick_n ch_n 271._o tell_v we_o that_o this_o creature_n have_v the_o same_o signification_n in_o the_o indies_n and_o egypt_n therefore_o artemidorus_n have_v not_o do_v well_o to_o restrain_v it_o to_o italy_n but_o it_o may_v be_v the_o moor_n 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be_v bring_v in_o as_o a_o emblem_n of_o principality_n as_o dion_n chrysostome_n say_v who_o have_v make_v a_o excellent_a parallel_n between_o this_o creature_n and_o a_o king_n and_o his_o kingdom_n but_o before_o he_o s_n denys_n in_o the_o 15._o ch_z of_o his_o hierarchy_n say_v that_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o bull_n represent_v the_o force_n necessary_a for_o a_o prince_n and_o that_o his_o horn_n signify_v servatricem_n atque_fw-la invictam_fw-la vim_o stephanus_n observe_v upon_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o ancient_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o thing_n that_o be_v excessive_a for_o greatness_n or_o strength_n the_o intention_n therefore_o of_o regulus_n be_v to_o let_v caesar_n understand_v that_o have_v overthrow_v pompey_n and_o become_v perpetual_a dictator_n he_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o most_o powerful_a and_o most_o redoubt_a monarch_n that_o ever_o be_v and_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o pursue_v and_o accomplish_v the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o protect_v his_o friend_n there_o be_v a_o reverse_n among_o the_o medal_n of_o augustus_n where_o there_o be_v also_o a_o bull_n in_o a_o different_a figure_n and_o posture_n from_o this_o bend_v his_o knee_n to_o represent_v as_o be_v conceive_v the_o taurus_n coelestibus_fw-la which_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o venus_n which_o signify_v the_o invincibility_n of_o augustus_n it_o may_v be_v also_o consider_v that_o this_o bull_n may_v signify_v italy_n subdue_v and_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o augustus_n as_o be_v now_o the_o civil_a war_n be_v over_o ready_a to_o receive_v the_o yoke_n for_o that_o province_n take_v its_o name_n from_o a_o bull_n which_o the_o tyrrhenian_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o that_o italy_n submit_v its_o neck_n to_o receive_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o new_a government_n as_o the_o bull_n summittit_fw-la aratris_fw-la colla_n jugumque_fw-la suis_fw-la poscit_fw-la cervicibus_fw-la ipse_fw-la the_o nine_o medal_n divo_fw-la julio_n the_o effigy_n of_o caesar_n deify_v the_o star_n of_o venus_n before_o he_o or_o if_o you_o will_v caesar_n own_o on_o the_o other_o side_n mars_n upon_o a_o altar_n or_o rather_o caesar_n represent_v mars_n before_o who_o sit_v a_o figure_n which_o have_v a_o cornucopia_n or_o horn_n of_o abundance_n under_o the_o left_a arm_n in_o the_o right_n hold_v a_o victory_n which_o present_v a_o crown_n to_o he_o this_o medal_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v make_v short_o after_o caesar_n death_n to_o keep_v his_o memory_n in_o veneration_n and_o nourish_v that_o belief_n of_o the_o people_n that_o he_o be_v while_o live_v a_o god_n transform_v into_o a_o man_n it_o be_v indeed_o a_o excellent_a artifice_n of_o augustus_n and_o his_o party_n to_o make_v the_o superstitious_a vulgar_a believe_v that_o julius_n caesar_n be_v become_v a_o fellow-commoner_n among_o the_o god_n to_o make_v his_o succession_n the_o more_o plausible_a for_o be_v already_o persuade_v that_o no_o other_o than_o a_o demy-god_n can_v have_v arrive_v to_o that_o glory_n which_o caesar_n have_v have_v baffle_v the_o universe_n it_o be_v not_o very_o hard_a to_o persuade_v they_o that_o the_o comet_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o north_n after_o his_o death_n be_v his_o deify_v soul_n but_o the_o cheat_n be_v that_o this_o soul_n must_v appear_v there_o to_o render_v augustus_n more_o illustrious_a who_o to_o retribute_v the_o glory_n and_o make_v the_o business_n more_o authentic_a must_v erect_v caesar_n statue_n in_o the_o capitol_n represent_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o it_o that_o star_n in_o gold_n and_o give_v it_o this_o bold_a inscription_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o caesar_n the_o demigod_n to_o make_v any_o long_a discourse_n upon_o comet_n from_o hence_o be_v superfluous_a since_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v be_v that_o they_o signify_v change_n and_o revolution_n of_o state_n and_o empire_n and_o sometime_o favourable_o this_o signify_v in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o war_n then_o kindle_v against_o augustus_n after_o which_o a_o general_a peace_n ensue_v the_o prince_n of_o peace_n shall_v be_v bear_v the_o comet_n at_o who_o birth_n denote_v the_o universal_a change_n of_o religion_n that_o afterward_o happen_v to_o be_v short_a all_o that_o the_o poet_n those_o fine_a cook_n of_o fiction_n and_o invention_n can_v dress_v that_o will_v be_v any_o way_n digestible_a with_o the_o credulous_a vulgar_a be_v serve_v up_o at_o this_o time_n to_o raise_v the_o memory_n of_o julius_n caesar_n to_o the_o great_a reputation_n that_o may_v be_v but_o it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o repeat_v their_o adulation_n in_o this_o place_n on_o the_o reverse_n of_o this_o medal_n we_o find_v mars_n who_o receive_v the_o crown_n which_o victory_n present_v he_o with_o represent_v with_o a_o dart_n the_o victory_n be_v venus_n victrix_n or_o the_o victorious_a city_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o mars_n julius_n caesar_n himself_o in_o the_o posture_n of_o that_o god_n the_o statue_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o mars_n erect_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o quirinus_n with_o this_o magnificent_a title_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d deo_fw-la inuicto_fw-la this_o supposition_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o dart_n for_o mars_n be_v ordinary_o represent_v with_o a_o spear_n as_o divers_a medal_n discover_v but_o in_o this_o statue_n he_o have_v a_o dart_n which_o be_v that_o piece_n of_o arm_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o further_a cast_v and_o that_o indeed_o which_o the_o roman_n most_o use_v and_o at_o the_o sight_n of_o pharsalia_n be_v one_o main_a cause_n of_o the_o victory_n caesar_n have_v give_v his_o man_n order_n that_o they_o shall_v aim_v at_o the_o face_n of_o the_o raw_a roman_a nobility_n they_o have_v to_o deal_v with_o as_o divers_a historian_n have_v deliver_v yet_o this_o argue_v not_o but_o that_o caesar_n sometime_o
make_v use_n of_o a_o javelin_n or_o pike_n as_o well_o as_o mars_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v this_o be_v more_o for_o the_o convenience_n of_o his_o travel_n which_o be_v afoot_a and_o that_o many_o time_n in_o the_o winter_n haply_o over_o the_o alps_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o most_o of_o the_o great_a captain_n and_o general_n of_o rome_n as_o livy_n and_o plutarch_n abundant_o attest_v the_o ten_o medal_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d caiazzo_n julii_fw-la caesaris_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la dictatoris_fw-la the_o effigy_n of_o caesar_n crown_v with_o a_o thick_a crown_n of_o laurel_n which_o close_v before_o the_o better_a to_o cover_v his_o baldness_n the_o hair_n be_v thrust_v forward_o to_o help_v it_o the_o reverse_n have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d iliensium_fw-la bis_fw-la neocororum_fw-la aeneas_n carry_v his_o father_n and_o the_o palladium_n at_o their_o quit_n of_o troy_n the_o little_a julus_n go_v before_o with_o his_o hat_n in_o his_o hand_n that_o which_o in_o this_o fall_v under_o question_n be_v first_o to_o know_v the_o situation_n of_o this_o ilium_n wherein_o strabo_n have_v spend_v more_o sweat_n than_o all_o the_o geographer_n affirm_v it_o be_v not_o the_o ilium_n of_o his_o time_n a_o town_n well_o know_v nor_o any_o thing_n build_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o old_a one_o so_o ill-entreated_n by_o the_o greek_n as_o be_v distant_a from_o this_o thirty_o stadia_fw-la that_o in_o that_o place_n there_o be_v only_o a_o small_a village_n bear_v up_o the_o name_n that_o it_o be_v build_v up_o by_o alexander_n from_o a_o small_a town_n that_o it_o be_v before_o have_v a_o little_a temple_n of_o minerva_n much_o ruin_v and_o receive_v from_o he_o divers_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n with_o a_o promise_n after_o his_o victory_n over_o darius_n of_o a_o magnificent_a temple_n and_o the_o toleration_n and_o set_v up_o of_o game_n and_o exercise_n this_o be_v partly_o execute_v after_o his_o death_n by_o lysimachus_n who_o enlarge_v the_o city_n by_o a_o wall_n of_o forty_o stadia_fw-la dispose_v thither_o many_o out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a city_n that_o be_v ruin_v after_o which_o it_o be_v ruin_v and_o restore_v diverse_a time_n but_o last_o it_o receive_v great_a favour_n from_o sylla_n which_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o it_o declare_v against_o caesar_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o those_o of_o that_o city_n know_v not_o at_o that_o time_n that_o caesar_n pretend_v to_o be_v of_o the_o race_n of_o venus_n and_o anchises_n which_o be_v only_o find_v out_o after_o his_o victory_n but_o at_o length_n caesar_n receive_v they_o into_o favour_n restore_v and_o confirm_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o imitate_v alexander_n do_v they_o many_o courtesy_n in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o understanding_n of_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d iliensium_fw-la neocororum_fw-la the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v translate_v common_o aedituorum_fw-la which_o we_o can_v render_v proper_o in_o english_a but_o by_o overseer_n supervisor_n and_o those_o that_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o dispose_v of_o all_o thing_n sacred_a or_o in_o some_o sort_n they_o be_v such_o as_o we_o call_v churchwarden_n in_o our_o church_n but_o they_o be_v not_o those_o neocori_n of_o the_o temple_n that_o this_o medal_n and_o divers_a other_o represent_v unto_o we_o but_o the_o word_n be_v analogical_o apply_v to_o whole_a nation_n as_o also_o to_o city_n and_o body_n corporate_a to_o who_o the_o king_n and_o afterward_o the_o emperor_n give_v commission_n to_o make_v panegyric_n and_o encomiastic_a oration_n upon_o their_o statue_n pomp_n religious_a worship_n public_a recreation_n and_o exercise_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o god_n and_o prince_n which_o be_v do_v out_o of_o the_o public_a stock_n or_o by_o the_o contribution_n of_o the_o corporation_n as_o therefore_o the_o neocori_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o temple_n be_v disposer_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o thing_n sacred_a that_o be_v in_o their_o sanctuary_n nay_o haply_o entertain_v the_o people_n or_o stranger_n with_o the_o rarity_n and_o antiquity_n of_o their_o worship_n and_o mystery_n so_o these_o national_n neocori_n have_v the_o superintendency_n over_o the_o pomp_n and_o solemnity_n panegyricall_a celebration_n exercise_n sacrifice_n and_o ceremony_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v upon_o the_o more_o festival_n day_n whereof_o they_o have_v the_o absolute_a disposal_n this_o i_o build_v upon_o the_o conjecture_n of_o the_o great_a and_o learned_a selden_n who_o be_v the_o first_o cut_v this_o gordian_a knot_n upon_o a_o passage_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o apostle_n chap._n 19_o there_o we_o have_v demetrius_n and_o those_o of_o his_o profession_n raise_v a_o tumult_n and_o accuse_v st._n paul_n and_o other_o for_o preach_v that_o the_o statue_n make_v with_o the_o hand_n of_o man_n be_v not_o go_n the_o town-clark_n or_o the_o churchwarden_n have_v appease_v the_o tumult_n tell_v they_o that_o it_o be_v wellknown_a that_o the_o city_n of_o ephesus_n be_v then_o neocore_n in_o the_o english_a translation_n worshipper_n of_o the_o great_a goddess_n diana_n and_o of_o the_o image_n fall_v from_o jupiter_n and_o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o contradiction_n in_o that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n rash_o for_o these_o man_n faith_n he_o be_v neither_o sacrilegious_a nor_o blasphemous_a person_n and_o therefore_o have_v do_v nothing_o against_o the_o majesty_n of_o diana_n but_o if_o they_o have_v any_o matter_n against_o any_o man_n the_o law_n be_v open_a but_o in_o case_n it_o be_v something_o else_o relate_v to_o their_o goddess_n whether_o by_o blasphemy_n impiety_n or_o sacrilege_n the_o cognizance_n whereof_o do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o the_o ephesian_n in_o body_n as_o be_v then_o neocori_n they_o shall_v have_v satisfaction_n in_o a_o full_a assembly_n convocate_v for_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n now_o those_o silver_n shrine_n which_o demetrius_n be_v say_v to_o make_v be_v conceive_v to_o have_v be_v model_n of_o that_o magnificent_a temple_n which_o the_o ephesian_n be_v neocori_n cause_v out_o of_o magnifice_fw-la to_o be_v make_v of_o that_o rich_a metal_n have_v this_o controversy_n between_o the_o apostle_n and_o the_o goldsmith_n come_v to_o a_o decision_n they_o have_v proceed_v thus_o they_o will_v have_v have_v some_o to_o make_v public_a panegyric_n of_o their_o goddess_n in_o the_o first_o place_n then_o if_o paul_n and_o his_o companion_n shall_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v this_o neocorean_a people_n will_v have_v punish_v they_o according_a to_o their_o manner_n now_o that_o the_o neocori_n of_o the_o temple_n be_v use_v to_o commend_v to_o all_o comer_n especial_o traveller_n the_o greatness_n and_o power_n of_o their_o god_n and_o that_o the_o neocori_n of_o city_n imitate_v they_o but_o do_v it_o with_o great_a pomp_n employ_v person_n eminent_a for_o learning_n and_o eloquence_n as_o poet_n and_o orator_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o god_n as_o also_o their_o king_n monarch_n emperor_n founder_n and_o that_o upon_o day_n in_o stituted_a and_o ordain_v for_o that_o purpose_n may_v be_v learn_v from_o horace_n who_o lib._n 2._o ep._n 1._o writing_n to_o augustus_n call_v those_o poet_n aidituos_a who_o shall_v immortalize_v the_o virtue_n of_o that_o emperor_n or_o rather_o those_o who_o be_v charge_v to_o choose_v such_o as_o shall_v do_v it_o in_o these_o verse_n sed_fw-la tamen_fw-la est_fw-la operae_fw-la pretium_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la quale_fw-la be_v aedituos_fw-la habeat_fw-la belli_fw-la spectata_fw-la domique_fw-la virtus_fw-la indigno_fw-la non_fw-la committenda_fw-la poetae_fw-la but_o beside_o selden_n have_v well_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v none_o of_o these_o medal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o that_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n be_v not_o yet_o arrive_v to_o that_o esteem_n of_o the_o roman_a greatness_n by_o the_o fabric_n of_o their_o money_n and_o other_o sign_n of_o veneration_n which_o they_o have_v come_v to_o since_o it_o become_v a_o monarchy_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o great_a judicious_a man_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o absolute_o true_a for_o there_o be_v find_v the_o mark_n of_o this_o magnificence_n under_o the_o title_n of_o neocori_n abundant_o among_o the_o medal_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a whereof_o goltzius_n reckon_v above_o 20._o with_o this_o inscriptionâ—_n koinon_n make_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whence_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o people_n of_o macâ—donia_n be_v general_o neocori_n have_v cause_v these_o coin_n to_o be_v stamp_v in_o the_o honour_n of_o alexander_n have_v upon_o the_o reverse_n the_o figure_n of_o statue_n chariot_n temple_n column_n etc._n etc._n nay_o the_o maronean_n in_o