defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o only_o two_o narrow_a way_n betwixt_o he_o cast_v his_o army_n into_o a_o hollow_a plinthium_fw-la or_o square_a and_o lead_v it_o against_o the_o left_a hand_n passage_n whither_o all_o the_o theban_n flock_v for_o defence_n but_o he_o turn_v about_o face_n from_o the_o rear_n haste_v away_o and_o gain_v the_o other_o passage_n where_o no_o man_n be_v present_a to_o resist_v and_o enter_v spoil_v the_o country_n and_o return_v without_o impeachment_n 4_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o metabole_n before_o be_v rehearse_v two_o kind_n of_o turn_n of_o face_n about_o one_o to_o the_o pike_n the_o other_o to_o the_o target_n here_o be_v add_v two_o more_o one_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o other_o against_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v all_o one_o indeed_o and_o differ_v only_o in_o name_n what_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o turn_n shall_v be_v i_o be_o in_o doubt_n aelian_n expound_v they_o one_o way_n suidas_n a_o other_o aelian_n esteem_v they_o by_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v hand_n suidas_n albeit_o he_o have_v that_o signification_n also_o esteem_v they_o by_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v therefore_o suidas_n define_v the_o turn_n from_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v a_o turn_n about_o towards_o the_o rear_n that_o against_o the_o enemy_n a_o turn_n about_o towards_o the_o front_n aelian_n will_v have_v the_o first_o to_o contain_v two_o turn_n towards_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o second_o two_o turn_n towards_o the_o left_a i_o for_o my_o part_n assent_v rather_o to_o aelian_n for_o touch_v the_o turn_n of_o suidas_n i_o can_v yet_o understand_v why_o turn_v towards_o the_o rear_n shall_v be_v a_o turn_n from_o the_o enemy_n or_o towards_o the_o front_n a_o turn_n to_o the_o enemy_n consider_v that_o whether_o soever_o you_o turn_v face_n the_o enemy_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v there_o face_n and_o weapon_n be_v to_o be_v oppose_v always_o against_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o only_a end_n of_o turn_v aelians_n opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v more_o probability_n in_o it_o at_o least_o if_o i_o conceive_v the_o right_a reason_n for_o i_o take_v it_o thus_o that_o see_v the_o grecian_n as_o the_o roman_n likewise_o be_v targeteer_n and_o carry_v their_o target_n on_o their_o left_a side_n and_o in_o fight_n advance_v that_o side_n always_o near_o the_o enemy_n which_o they_o seek_v to_o cover_v with_o their_o target_n that_o therefore_o the_o turn_n about_o to_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v turn_v to_o the_o target_n as_o contrary_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a side_n on_o which_o side_n the_o pike_n be_v carry_v and_o which_o be_v naked_a of_o such_o defensive_a arm_n be_v call_v apeâ—un_fw-la the_o open_a side_n and_o therefore_o further_o remove_v from_o the_o enemy_n may_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v term_v turn_v from_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o i_o take_v turn_v about_o to_o the_o enemy_n and_o turn_v about_o to_o the_o target_n to_o be_v all_o one_o as_o also_o turn_v about_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o turn_v about_o to_o the_o pike_n howsoever_o the_o name_n differ_v this_o be_v my_o conjecture_n which_o i_o shall_v imagine_v to_o be_v true_a till_o i_o find_v some_o man_n that_o will_v be_v please_v to_o give_v i_o a_o more_o probable_a reason_n i_o only_o add_v now_o the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o this_o motion_n as_o you_o be_v face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o figure_n show_v the_o manner_n of_o wheel_v double_a and_o treble-wheeling_a of_o the_o battle_n and_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n chap._n xxvi_o 1_o epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v be_v when_o the_o battle_n be_v so_o close_v that_o no_o man_n can_v turn_v or_o twice_o turn_v his_o face_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o nearness_n of_o man_n to_o man_n it_o whole_o and_o joint_o wheel_v as_o a_o ship_n or_o some_o other_o body_n carry_v about_o the_o order_n thereof_o remain_v undissolue_v when_o the_o wheel_a be_v to_o the_o pike_n we_o warn_v the_o right-corner-file-leader_n to_o stand_v still_o as_o it_o be_v the_o hook_n of_o a_o door_n hinge_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o battle_n proceed_v forward_o to_o turn_v about_o the_o same_o file-leader_n like_o the_o door_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v wheel_v to_o the_o target_n it_o may_v be_v thus_o define_v epistrophe_n be_v when_o shut_v the_o battle_n by_o gather_v close_o the_o follower_n and_o sideman_n we_o turn_v it_o whole_o as_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n towards_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n it_o be_v carry_v about_o the_o corner-file-leader_n as_o about_o a_o centre_n and_o change_v the_o place_n of_o the_o front_n transfer_v the_o countenance_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n the_o follower_n and_o sideman_n every_o one_o remain_v in_o file_n and_o rank_n as_o before_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v i_o will_v show_v hereafter_o anastrophe_n or_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v the_o restore_n of_o the_o wheel_a to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n first_o stand_v close_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o wheel_n perispasmos_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o two_o wheeling_n so_o that_o thereby_o the_o front_n come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rear_n 2_o ecperispasmos_n or_o treble_a wheel_a be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o three_o wheeling_n so_o as_o when_o it_o turn_v to_o the_o pike_n the_o front_n come_v about_o to_o the_o left_a flank_n when_o to_o the_o target_n it_o come_v about_o to_o the_o right_a flank_n note_n this_o chapter_n have_v a_o diverse_a kind_n of_o turn_v from_o the_o other_o mention_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n which_o for_o distinction_n sake_n be_v call_v epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v the_o other_o turn_v no_o more_o than_o the_o soldier_n face_n every_o man_n yet_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n be_v have_v before_o this_o wheel_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o change_v the_o place_n of_o the_o phalange_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n or_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o turn_n of_o face_n a_o particular_a motion_n of_o every_o particular_a soldier_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n call_v clesis_n and_o a_o other_o turn_v about_o call_v metabole_n so_o be_v there_o in_o this_o a_o general_a wheel_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n call_v epistrophe_n and_o a_o other_o wheel_v about_o to_o the_o rear_v call_v perispasmos_n but_o let_v we_o hear_v the_o description_n 1_o epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v be_v when_o the_o battle_n shortly_n epistrophe_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o first_o turn_v of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n in_o do_v whereof_o first_o the_o file_n must_v be_v close_v to_o the_o hand_n you_o mean_v to_o wheel_n than_o the_o rank_n then_o the_o corner_n file-leader_n on_o the_o same_o hand_n be_v to_o stand_v still_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n keep_v their_o file_n and_o rank_n close_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o same_o hand_n joint_o about_o the_o corner-file-leader_n circlewise_a who_o be_v to_o move_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o he_o have_v turn_v his_o face_n to_o that_o side_n which_o be_v intend_v and_o when_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v even_o with_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n wheel_v enough_o to_o the_o same_o hand_n they_o be_v to_o stand_v still_o the_o word_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v be_v plain_a enough_o in_o aelian_a i_o need_v use_v no_o exposition_n now_o because_o in_o exercise_n we_o rely_v not_o upon_o one_o form_n of_o motion_n alone_o but_o acquaint_v our_o soldier_n with_o all_o the_o kind_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o bring_v the_o body_n again_o to_o the_o first_o place_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v proceed_v in_o the_o rest_n this_o reduce_n to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v call_v anastrophe_n by_o which_o the_o battle_n return_v but_o by_o a_o contrary_a hand_n to_o that_o to_o which_o the_o epistrophe_n be_v make_v and_o but_o for_o change_v the_o hand_n the_o wheel_a back_n again_o be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o wheel_a forward_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o how_o it_o be_v do_v to_o bring_v the_o battle_n to_o have_v the_o front_n where_o the_o rear_n be_v you_o must_v use_v a_o double_a wheel_a and_o that_o be_v call_v perispasmos_n which_o come_v of_o two_o epistrophe_n and_o be_v make_v either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n only_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o perispasmos_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o anastrophe_n or_o reduce_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n must_v be_v to_o the_o left_a contrary_a it_o be_v if_o the_o perispasmos_n be_v to_o
themselves_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o target_n where_o diodore_n have_v en_fw-fr ortho_fw-mi to_o dorati_fw-la menein_fw-la to_o continue_v their_o pike_n upright_o polienus_n have_v protinomenous_a ta_fw-la dorata_fw-la ortha_fw-mi hold_v before_o they_o their_o pike_n upright_o but_o both_o have_v pike_n upright_o and_o diodorus_n his_o continue_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o posture_n they_o be_v in_o which_o chabrias_n will_v not_o have_v they_o to_o alter_v polienus_n his_o hold_n before_o to_o that_o they_o be_v command_v to_o do_v in_o order_v of_o pike_n at_o this_o day_n i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o soldier_n hold_v they_o upright_o the_o but_o end_n set_v on_o the_o ground_n before_o and_o somewhat_o wide_a of_o their_o right_a foot_n 105._o aemilius_z probus_n recite_v this_o history_n pervert_v the_o stratagem_n he_o say_v that_o chabrias_n forbid_v the_o phalange_n to_o give_v back_o and_o teach_v his_o soldier_n to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n charge_v kneel_v with_o one_o knee_n the_o other_o set_v against_o the_o target_n and_o with_o the_o pike_n abase_v wherein_o he_o quite_o dissent_v from_o diodore_n and_o polien_n diodore_n say_v the_o command_n be_v to_o keep_v their_o array_n polienus_n not_o to_o run_v forward_o but_o quiet_o to_o stand_v still_o probus_n not_o to_o give_v back_o probus_n say_v they_o shall_v kneel_v with_o one_o knee_n and_o rest_n against_o the_o target_n with_o the_o other_o diodore_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v their_o target_n sink_v to_o their_o knee_n polienus_n that_o they_o shall_v carry_v their_o target_n before_o at_o their_o knee_n probus_n that_o they_o shall_v abase_v and_o charge_v their_o pike_n diodore_n that_o they_o shall_v continue_v and_o order_v they_o upright_o polien_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v their_o pike_n upright_o so_o that_o diodore_n and_o polien_n agree_v and_o expound_v one_o another_o aemilius_n probus_n bring_v in_o a_o new_a history_n dissent_v as_o i_o say_v from_o the_o other_o two_o especial_o in_o make_v that_o to_o be_v a_o form_n of_o fight_n prescribe_v by_o chabrias_n a_o simple_a form_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n upon_o their_o knee_n which_o be_v a_o contempt_n to_o show_v how_o little_a especial_o in_o that_o strength_n of_o ground_n he_o regard_v agesilaus_n which_o contempt_n also_o make_v agesilaus_n retire_v not_o doubt_v but_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o great_a assurance_n of_o the_o enemy_n therefore_o as_o i_o say_v i_o take_v these_o word_n ep_o '_o orthon_n apodounai_fw-mi not_o only_o to_o appertain_v to_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o soldier_n but_o also_o and_o that_o much_o rather_o to_o the_o erection_n and_o order_v of_o pike_n of_o countermarche_n and_o the_o diverse_a kind_n thereof_o with_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v chap._n xxviii_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o countermarche_n one_o by_o file_n the_o other_o by_o rank_n each_o of_o these_o again_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n the_o first_o call_v the_o macedonian_a the_o second_o the_o lacedaemonian_a the_o three_o the_o choraean_a which_o be_v also_o the_o persian_a and_o the_o cretan_a 1_o the_o macedonian_a be_v that_o which_o leave_v the_o ground_n it_o first_o have_v take_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o turn_v the_o aspect_n of_o the_o soldier_n backward_o where_o before_o it_o be_v forward_o 2_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v that_o which_o leave_v likewise_o the_o ground_n it_o first_o have_v take_v in_o steed_n thereof_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o turn_v also_o the_o face_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o contrary_a way_n 3_o the_o persian_a be_v the_o cretan_a and_o choraean_a this_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n of_o the_o phalange_n every_o soldier_n take_v another_o place_n for_o that_o he_o have_v the_o file-leader_n the_o place_n of_o bringer-up_a and_o so_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n and_o turn_v also_o the_o face_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o contrary_a way_n 4_o countermarche_n by_o rank_n be_v make_v when_o a_o man_n will_v transfer_v the_o wing_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o section_n and_o the_o section_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o end_n to_o strengthen_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n likewise_o the_o right_a hand_n part_n into_o the_o left_a hand_n part_n and_o the_o left_a hand_n part_n into_o the_o right_a hand_n part_n they_o that_o fear_v to_o countermarch_n the_o phalange_n in_o gross_a the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n do_v it_o by_o syntagmae_n i_o will_v now_o set_v down_o in_o what_o manner_n countermarch_v aught_o to_o be_v make_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o file_n be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v about_o his_o face_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n with_o the_o bringer-up_a go_v against_o he_o on_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n place_n themselves_o in_o order_n one_o after_o a_o other_o according_a as_o the_o file-leader_n himself_o have_v turn_v his_o face_n therefore_o it_o make_v show_v to_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o run_v away_o or_o it_o be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v about_o his_o face_n and_o the_o rest_n pass_v by_o he_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n place_v themselves_o orderly_a one_o behind_o another_o but_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v when_o the_o bringer-up_a turn_v his_o face_n about_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n turn_v also_o their_o face_n and_o proceed_v forward_o together_o with_o their_o file-leader_n order_v themselves_o proportionable_o in_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n wherefore_o to_o the_o enemy_n appear_v behind_o it_o make_v a_o semblance_n of_o fall_v on_o again_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v his_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n transfer_v the_o whole_a file_n to_o another_o place_n equal_a to_o the_o first_o and_o the_o rest_n follow_v stand_n as_o before_o behind_o he_o or_o else_o when_o the_o bringer-up_a turn_v his_o face_n about_o and_o he_o that_o stand_v next_o before_o he_o pass_v by_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n be_v place_v again_o next_o before_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n follow_v be_v place_v one_o before_o another_o in_o their_o former_a order_n till_o the_o file-leader_n be_v the_o first_o the_o choraean_a be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v about_o towards_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n precede_v the_o file_n and_o the_o rest_n follow_v till_o the_o file-leader_n have_v the_o place_n of_o the_o bringer-up_a and_o the_o bringer-up_a the_o place_n of_o the_o file-leader_n and_o these_o be_v the_o countermarche_n by_o file_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v countermarch_v make_v by_o rank_n in_o case_n a_o man_n will_v countermarch_n by_o rank_n for_o every_o rank_n countermarch_v either_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n or_o change_v the_o right_a hand_n place_n or_o else_o the_o left_a hand_n place_n of_o the_o battle_n one_o of_o which_o must_v needs_o fall_v out_o and_o never_o fail_v note_n the_o two_o former_a motion_n be_v perform_v one_o in_o close_a order_n the_o other_o in_o all_o order_n epistrophe_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v shut_v so_o close_o that_o as_o aelian_n say_v a_o man_n can_v turn_v his_o face_n neither_o the_o one_o way_n nor_o the_o other_o clisis_fw-la in_o open_a order_n order_n and_o close_a order_n the_o two_o â—_o follow_v motion_n countermarch_v and_o double_v one_o be_v do_v in_o open_a 84._o order_n the_o other_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o open_a order_n too_o and_o yet_o sometime_o in_o order_n and_o close_a order_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o due_a place_n this_o chapter_n handle_v countermarche_n the_o next_o doubling_n countermarch_v be_v a_o motion_n whereby_o every_o soldier_n march_v after_o other_o change_v his_o front_n for_o the_o rear_n or_o one_o flank_v for_o the_o other_o for_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o countermarche_n one_o by_o file_n and_o the_o other_o by_o rank_n and_o each_o of_o these_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o three_o the_o first_o call_v the_o macedonian_a the_o second_o the_o lacedaemonian_a the_o three_o the_o choraean_a or_o cretan_a a_o countermarch_v by_o file_n be_v when_o every_o soldier_n follow_v his_o leader_n of_o the_o same_o file_n by_o rank_n when_o every_o soldier_n follow_v his_o sideman_n of_o the_o same_o rank_n in_o the_o countermarch_v 1_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v in_o this_o countermarch_v the_o purpose_n of_o the_o commander_n be_v to_o turn_v the_o front_n of_o his_o battle_n against_o the_o enemy_n that_o show_v himself_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o withal_o to_o take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n it_o be_v call_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v say_v aelian_n because_o
and_o serve_v for_o the_o pike_n only_a for_o the_o musquettier_n can_v be_v so_o close_o in_o file_n because_o they_o must_v have_v their_o arm_n at_o liberty_n &_o that_o be_v when_o every_o one_o be_v distant_a from_o file_n to_o file_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o 3_o foot_n from_o rank_n to_o rank_n and_o this_o last_o distance_n be_v thus_o command_v close_o yourselves_o thorough_o but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v teach_v the_o soldier_n for_o that_o when_o necessity_n shall_v require_v it_o they_o will_v close_v themselves_o but_o too_o much_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n without_o command_n to_o begin_v therefore_o to_o do_v the_o exercise_n the_o company_n be_v set_v in_o the_o first_o distance_n to_o wit_n of_o 6_o foot_n in_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o thus_o be_v say_v these_o be_v the_o general_a word_n of_o command_n which_o be_v often_o to_o be_v use_v stand_v right_a in_o your_o file_n stand_v right_a in_o your_o rank_n silence_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v you_o must_v note_v that_o when_o they_o be_v command_v to_o be_v as_o they_o be_v they_o must_v return_v thither_o from_o whence_o they_o part_v and_o if_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n they_o must_v return_v to_o the_o left_a and_o so_o in_o countermarch_n the_o head-piece_n the_o forepart_n the_o head-piece_n close_o the_o back_n the_o right_a gauntlet_n the_o left_a vantbrace_n the_o left_a cuishe_n the_o breast_n the_o back_n the_o guard_n the_o left_a â—â—â—â—let_n the_o armour_n of_o the_o pikman_n the_o gorget_n the_o breast_n the_o tale_n the_o head-piece_n the_o back_o the_o pike_n to_o the_o right_n double_a your_o rank_n rank_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n double_a your_o rank_n rank_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n double_a your_o file_n file_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n double_a your_o file_n file_n as_o you_o be_v with_o half_a file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n double_a your_o rank_n half_n file_n as_o you_o be_v with_o half_a file_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n double_a your_o rank_n half_n file_n as_o you_o be_v file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_n file_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o leave_v at_o discretion_n as_o you_o be_v rank_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_n rank_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v close_o your_o file_n to_o 3_o foot_n distance_n close_o your_o rank_n to_o 3_o foot_n distance_n understand_v that_o in_o close_v from_o the_o outside_n to_o the_o middle_a the_o soldier_n be_v â—stand_v in_o his_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n in_o file_n and_o not_o close_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n wheel_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n wheel_n open_v your_o rank_n backward_o in_o your_o double_a distance_n to_o wit_n at_o 12_o foot_n and_o this_o for_o a_o single_a company_n rank_n as_o you_o be_v sc_n at_o the_o first_o in_o open_v rank_n or_o file_n you_o must_v keep_v they_o close_v until_o the_o second_o rank_n or_o file_n beginning_n from_o the_o outside_n have_v take_v their_o distance_n and_o so_o shall_v the_o rest_n remain_v close_o until_o every_o rank_n or_o file_n have_v take_v their_o distanceâ—_n in_o order_n open_v your_o file_n to_o wit_n to_o the_o first_o distance_n of_o 6_o foot_n if_o you_o will_v command_v to_o close_a file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o outmost_a file_n stand_v still_o and_o the_o rest_n close_o to_o that_o file_n for_o the_o pike_n with_o a_o firm_a stand_n advance_v your_o pike_n order_n your_o pike_n slope_n your_o pike_n charge_v your_o pike_n order_n your_o pike_n trail_v your_o pike_n cheeeke_v your_o pike_n more_o for_o the_o pike_n first_o with_o a_o firm_a stand_n and_o then_o march_v charge_v your_o pike_n slope_n your_o pike_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n charge_v your_o pike_n slope_n your_o pike_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n charge_v your_o pike_n slope_n your_o pike_n charge_v your_o pike_n to_o the_o rear_n slope_n your_o pike_n order_n your_o pike_n this_o must_v be_v observe_v charge_v your_o pike_n with_o a_o firm_a stand_n to_o set_v the_o right_a foot_n behind_o and_o charge_v the_o pike_n march_v to_o set_v the_o left_a foot_n before_o for_o the_o musket_n the_o posture_n in_o his_o excellency_n book_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v but_o in_o exercise_v you_o must_v only_o use_v these_o three_o term_n of_o direction_n make_v ready_a present_a give_v fire_n your_o musquettier_n must_v observe_v in_o all_o their_o motion_n to_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o that_o they_o carry_v the_o mouth_n of_o their_o piece_n high_a aswell_o when_o they_o be_v shoulder_v as_o in_o prune_v and_o also_o when_o they_o hold_v their_o pan_n guard_v and_o come_v up_o to_o give_v fire_n in_o advance_v towards_o a_o enemy_n when_o they_o do_v not_o skirmish_v loose_a and_o disband_v vanguard_n they_o must_v give_v fire_n by_o rank_n after_o this_o manner_n two_o rank_n must_v always_o make_v ready_a together_o and_o advance_v ten_o pace_n forward_o before_o the_o body_n at_o which_o distance_n a_o sergeant_n or_o when_o the_o body_n be_v great_a some_o other_o officer_n must_v stand_v to_o who_o the_o musquettier_n be_v to_o come_v up_o before_o advance_v they_o present_v and_o give_v fire_n first_o the_o firstranke_a and_o while_o the_o first_o give_v fire_n the_o second_o rank_n keep_v their_o musket_n close_o to_o their_o rest_n and_o their_o pan_n guard_v and_o assoon_o as_o the_o first_o be_v fall_v away_o the_o second_o present_o present_a and_o give_v fire_n and_o fall_v after_o they_o now_o assoon_o as_o the_o first_o two_o rank_n do_v move_v from_o their_o place_n in_o the_o front_n the_o two_o rank_n next_o they_o must_v unshoulder_n their_o musket_n and_o make_v ready_a so_o as_o they_o may_v advance_v forward_o ten_o pace_n as_o before_o assoon_o as_o ever_o the_o two_o first_o rank_n be_v fall_v away_o and_o be_v to_o do_v in_o all_o point_n as_o the_o former_a and_o all_o the_o other_o rank_n through_o the_o whole_a division_n must_v do_v the_o same_o by_o twoe_n one_o after_o another_o a_o manner_n there_o be_v to_o give_v fire_n retire_v from_o a_o enemy_n which_o be_v perform_v after_o this_o soret_n as_o the_o troop_n march_v the_o hindermost_a rank_n of_o all_o keep_n still_o with_o the_o troop_n be_v to_o make_v ready_a and_o be_v ready_a the_o soldier_n in_o that_o rank_n turn_v altogether_o rear_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o give_v fire_n march_v present_o away_o a_o good_a round_a pace_n to_o the_o front_n and_o there_o place_n themselves_o in_o rank_n together_o just_a before_o the_o front_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o first_o rank_n turn_v to_o give_v fire_n the_o rank_n next_o make_v ready_a and_o do_v as_o the_o former_a and_o so_o the_o rest_n we_o give_v fire_n by_o the_o flank_n thus_o the_o uppermost_a file_n next_o the_o enemy_n must_v be_v flank_n command_v to_o make_v ready_a keep_v still_o along_o with_o the_o body_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o be_v ready_a and_o then_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n according_a to_o the_o sight_n of_o their_o enemy_n either_o upon_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v flank_n and_o give_v fire_n altogether_o when_o they_o have_v discharge_v they_o stir_v not_o but_o keep_v their_o ground_n and_o charge_v their_o piece_n again_o in_o the_o same_o place_n they_o stand_v now_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o foresay_a file_n do_v turn_v to_o give_v fire_n the_o uttermost_a next_z it_o make_v ready_a always_o keep_v along_o with_o the_o troop_n till_o the_o bringer-up_a be_v past_o a_o little_a beyond_o the_o leader_n of_o that_o file_n that_o give_v fire_n last_o and_o then_o the_o whole_a file_n must_v turn_v and_o give_v fire_n and_o do_v in_o all_o point_n as_o the_o first_o do_v and_o so_o the_o rest_n one_o after_o the_o other_o a_o sergeant_n or_o if_o the_o troop_n be_v great_a some_o other_o better_a qualify_a officer_n must_v stand_v at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o assoon_o as_o the_o second_o file_n have_v give_v fire_n and_o have_v charge_v he_o be_v to_o lead_v forward_o the_o first_o file_n up_o to_o the_o second_o file_n and_o so_o to_o the_o rest_n one_o after_o another_o till_o he_o have_v gather_v up_o again_o the_o whole_a wing_n and_o then_o he_o be_v to_o join_v they_o again_o in_o equal_a front_n with_o the_o pike_n last_o of_o all_o the_o troop_n or_o whole_a wing_n of_o musquettier_n make_v ready_a altogether_o front_n and_o
to_o the_o file_n the_o file-leader_n and_o the_o bringer-up_a aelian_a four_a the_o four_o enomotarchs_n for_o the_o number_n of_o the_o officer_n in_o the_o phalange_n they_o agree_v and_o yet_o the_o name_n be_v not_o all_o one_o aelian_n begin_v with_o a_o dilochite_a command_v two_o file_n thirty_o two_o man_n vrbicius_n with_o the_o lochagos_n who_o likewise_o command_v two_o file_n of_o he_o and_o five_o man_n more_o namely_o 25_o man_n the_o next_o in_o aelian_n be_v a_o tetrarch_n over_o sixtie-foure_a man_n in_o vrbicius_n a_o pentecontarch_n over_o fifty_o man_n vrbicius_n have_v next_o a_o taxiarch_n a_o syntagmatarch_n a_o pentecosiarch_n a_o chiliarch_n a_o merarch_n a_o phalangarch_n and_o so_o have_v aelian_n the_o next_o in_o aelian_n be_v a_o diphalangarch_n commander_n of_o 8192_o man_n vrbicius_n term_v he_o a_o myriarch_n that_o be_v the_o leader_n of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n the_o tetraphalangarchy_n be_v last_o in_o both_o but_o vrbicius_n assign_v no_o more_o than_o 16_o thousand_o to_o his_o phalange_n aelian_n 16_o thousand_o 384._o julius_n pollux_n thus_o divide_v his_o bodid_n a_o myriarchie_n a_o chiliarchie_n a_o taxiarchie_n a_o hecatontarchie_n and_o a_o lochagie_n what_o a_o proportion_n leo_n make_v be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o tactic_n because_o he_o have_v a_o mixture_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o greek_a order_n i_o remit_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o book_n so_o then_o aelian_n have_v in_o his_o phalange_n of_o arm_a beside_o the_o two_o diphalangarch_n 1020._o officer_n dilochites_n 512._o tetrarch_n 256._o taxiarch_n 128._o syntagmatarchs_n 64._o pentecosiarch_n 32._o chiliarch_n 16._o merarchs_n 8._o phalangarchs_n 4._o  _fw-fr 1020._o i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o figure_n of_o all_o the_o body_n describe_v by_o aelian_n as_o far_o as_o the_o phalangarchy_n the_o rest_n will_v have_v be_v troublesome_a to_o insert_v as_o require_v more_o paper_n then_o will_v stand_v with_o any_o reasonable_a proportion_n neither_o be_v they_o great_o needful_a for_o two_o phalangarchy_n join_v in_o a_o even_a front_n and_o in_o a_o convenient_a distance_n will_v figure_v out_o a_o diphalange_n four_o in_o a_o even_a front_n with_o a_o like_a distance_n will_v make_v the_o fourfold_a phalange_n so_o that_o thereby_o the_o form_n of_o it_o will_v appear_v the_o precedence_n and_o dignity_n of_o place_n in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o phalange_n chap._n x._o 1_o the_o best_a of_o the_o phalange_n commander_n be_v place_v on_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o second_o on_o the_o left_a wing_n the_o three_o in_o valour_n in_o the_o right_a hand_n next_o the_o second_o phalange_n towards_o the_o middle_a section_n the_o four_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n next_o the_o first_o phalange_n towards_o the_o middle_a section_n likewise_o so_o the_o first_o and_o four_o phalange_n have_v commander_n of_o the_o first_o and_o four_o worth_n the_o second_o and_o three_o phalange_n have_v commander_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o worth_n now_o we_o will_v show_v by_o demonstration_n that_o the_o first_o and_o four_o worth_n and_o valour_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o second_o and_o three_o so_o that_o the_o commander_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v of_o valour_n alike_o 2_o the_o leader_n also_o of_o the_o several_a merarchy_n be_v thus_o dispose_v the_o first_o have_v his_o place_n in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o first_o phalange_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o phalange_n the_o three_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o three_o phalange_n the_o four_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o four_o phalange_n also_o the_o leader_n of_o file_n in_o every_o tetrarchy_n be_v so_o place_v that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o file_n have_v pre-eminence_n in_o valour_n and_o place_n the_o leader_n of_o the_o four_o file_n stand_v next_o he_o then_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o three_o file_n and_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o second_o file_n last_o for_o then_o be_v dilochy_n of_o equal_a valour_n when_o the_o first_o dilochie_n have_v the_o first_o and_o four_o leader_n the_o second_o dilochy_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o leader_n in_o valour_n and_o reputation_n for_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o mathematics_n that_o when_o there_o be_v analogy_n or_o answerable_a proportion_n of_o four_o magnitude_n propound_v that_o which_o arise_v of_o the_o first_o and_o four_o will_v countervail_v that_o which_o arise_v of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o magnitude_n and_o because_o there_o be_v four_o tetrarchy_n in_o every_o syntagma_n we_o may_v give_v the_o leader_n of_o the_o tetrarchy_n place_n according_a to_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o to_o place_v the_o tetrarch_n of_o the_o first_o tetrarchy_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n give_v he_o the_o first_o place_n of_o worth_n on_o his_o left_a hand_n the_o tetrarch_n of_o the_o four_o tetrarchy_n in_o the_o four_o place_n of_o worth_n then_o again_o next_o he_o the_o tetrarch_n of_o the_o three_o tetrarchy_n in_o the_o three_o place_n of_o worth_n and_o on_o his_o left_a hand_n the_o tetrarch_n of_o the_o second_o tetrarchy_n in_o the_o second_o place_n of_o worth_n in_o like_a manner_n be_v the_o great_a command_n also_o to_o be_v proportion_v note_n the_o former_a chapter_n be_v of_o the_o officer_n and_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o phalange_n this_o be_v of_o the_o place_n of_o every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o first_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o all_o the_o c._n commander_n be_v place_v in_o front_n of_o those_o that_o they_o command_v to_o the_o â—nd_n they_o may_v direct_v and_o lead_v they_o as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v for_o a._n xenophon_n say_v of_o cyrus_n army_n the_o decadarch_n or_o file_v leader_n have_v care_n of_o the_o file_n the_o lochagie_n of_o he_o decadarch_n the_o taxiarche_n of_o the_o lochagie_n the_o chiliarch_n of_o the_o taxiarch_n the_o myriarch_n of_o the_o chiliarch_n so_o in_o the_o phalange_n of_o aelian_n the_o file_n leader_n have_v the_o command_n of_o his_o file_n the_o dilochites_n of_o the_o file_n leader_n the_o tetrarch_n of_o the_o dilochites_n the_o taxiarch_n of_o the_o tetrarch_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o general_n who_o care_v for_o all_o direct_v all_o and_o under_o who_o all_o the_o commander_n be_v the_o general_n â—ath_v be_v place_v sometime_o in_o the_o right_a wing_n sometime_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o phalange_n 18._o vegetius_n say_v that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v in_o the_o right_a wing_n betwixt_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o foot_n he_o add_v this_o be_v the_o place_n which_o govern_v the_o whole_a battle_n from_o whence_o the_o sally_v out_o be_v most_o direct_a and_o free_a therefore_o he_o stand_v betwixt_o both_o that_o he_o may_v both_o govern_v horse_n and_o foot_n with_o counsel_n and_o with_o authority_n exhort_v they_o to_o fight_v b._n cyrus_n in_o his_o battle_n against_o croesus_n take_v his_o place_n in_o the_o right_a wing_n betwixt_o the_o right_a hand_n point_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o of_o the_o horse_n that_o be_v range_v in_o the_o wing_n alexander_n the_o great_a in_o his_o battle_n take_v the_o same_o place_n timol._n timoleon_n in_o his_o fight_n against_o the_o carthaginian_n place_v himself_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n 743._o diodorus_n siculus_n say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o scythian_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v stand_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o phalange_n the_o like_a do_v c._n arrian_n affirm_v of_o the_o persian_n and_o say_v that_o darius_n have_v that_o place_n 66._o leo_n also_o give_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o general_n and_o there_o place_v the_o battle_n over_o which_o he_o will_v have_v he_o to_o command_v 1_o the_o best_a of_o the_o phalangarch_n this_o order_n of_o the_o phalangarch_n the_o best_a on_o the_o right_a hand_n wing_n the_o second_o on_o the_o left_a the_o three_o next_o he_o in_o the_o left_a wing_n on_o his_o right_a hand_n towards_o the_o middlesection_n the_o four_o in_o the_o right_a wing_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o towards_o the_o middlesection_n thus_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 1_o come_v out_o of_o a_o geometrical_a proportion_n which_o proportion_n give_v law_n to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o commander_n the_o rule_n be_v this_o 4._o magnitude_n which_o equal_o exceed_v the_o one_o the_o other_o be_v compare_v together_o that_o which_o arise_v of_o the_o first_o and_o four_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o which_o arise_v of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o as_o 2._o 8._o 14._o 20._o each_o exceed_v the_o other_o 6._o the_o addition_n of_o 2._o to_o 20._o beget_v a_o equal_a number_n to_o 8_o and_o 14._o add_v together_o so_o be_v it_o in_o all_o other_o number_n that_o have_v the_o same_o equality_n of_o excess_n one_o
happen_v a_o like_a to_o both_o they_o find_v a_o safe_a retreat_n within_o the_o battle_n of_o foot_n but_o when_o the_o army_n be_v come_v within_o 500_o pace_n one_o of_o a_o other_o scipio_n give_v a_o signal_n of_o retreat_n and_o open_v his_o battle_n receive_v all_o the_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o two_o part_n placed_z they_o as_o seconds_z behind_o the_o wing_n now_o when_o time_n be_v come_v to_o begin_v the_o fight_n he_o command_v the_o spaniard_n who_o have_v the_o middle_a ward_n to_o march_v on_o leisurely_o and_o send_v a_o messenger_n from_o the_o right_a wing_n for_o he_o command_v there_o to_o syllanus_n and_o martius_n will_v they_o to_o stretch_v out_o the_o left_a wing_n as_o they_o see_v he_o stretch_v out_o the_o right_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o horse_n before_o the_o middle_a ward_n may_v be_v able_a to_o come_v up_o and_o join_v the_o wing_n be_v thus_o stretch_v out_o they_o lead_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n three_o cohort_n of_o foot_n and_o three_o troop_n of_o horse_n a_o piece_n against_o the_o enemy_n beside_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o those_o that_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o rear_n who_o follow_v a_o thwart_n there_o be_v a_o great_a empty_a space_n in_o the_o midst_n because_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o spaniard_n come_v slow_o on_o and_o now_o the_o wing_n be_v in_o fight_n when_o the_o old_a soldier_n carthaginian_n and_o african_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o army_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v to_o use_v their_o dart_n neither_o dare_v they_o run_v into_o the_o wing_n to_o help_v they_o that_o fight_v for_o fear_n of_o open_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o enemy_n who_o be_v come_v on_o against_o they_o the_o wing_n be_v press_v with_o a_o double_a medley_n the_o horse_n lightarmed_n &_o velite_n wheel_v about_o their_o troop_n charge_v their_o flank_n the_o cohort_n push_v on_o in_o front_n to_o the_o end_n to_o break_v of_o the_o wing_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o the_o conflict_n be_v unequal_a both_o in_o all_o other_o respect_n and_o especial_o because_o a_o rabble_n as_o it_o be_v of_o drudge_n and_o untrained_a spaniard_n be_v oppose_v against_o the_o roman_a and_o latin_a soldier_n the_o day_n be_v now_o far_o spend_v the_o army_n of_o asdrubal_n oppress_v with_o the_o morning_n tumult_n and_o compel_v to_o take_v the_o field_n before_o they_o have_v strengthen_v their_o body_n with_o meat_n begin_v to_o faint_v and_o fail_v in_o strength_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o scipio_n linger_v out_o the_o day_n &_o make_v the_o fight_n somewhat_o late_o for_o it_o be_v pass_v the_o seven_o hour_n before_o the_o wing_n of_o foot_n attach_v one_o a_o other_o and_o yet_o the_o fight_n come_v late_a to_o the_o middle_a ward_n so_o that_o the_o scorch_a heat_n of_o the_o south-sunne_n and_o the_o labour_n of_o stand_v arm_v and_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n first_o afflict_v their_o body_n before_o they_o come_v to_o hand_n with_o the_o enemy_n therefore_o they_o stand_v lean_v upon_o their_o target_n and_o be_v weary_a both_o in_o body_n and_o mind_n they_o give_v back_o at_o last_o keep_v notwithstanding_o their_o array_n no_o otherwise_o than_o as_o if_o the_o battle_n be_v yet_o entire_a have_v retreat_v at_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o general_n but_o when_o the_o victor_n perceive_v they_o to_o shrink_v so_o much_o the_o more_o eager_o press_v on_o the_o brunt_n can_v hardly_o be_v endure_v any_o long_a and_o although_o asdrubal_n restrain_v and_o stop_v they_o that_o give_v ground_n cry_v that_o hill_n and_o a_o safe_a place_n of_o retreat_n be_v at_o their_o back_n if_o they_o can_v be_v but_o entreat_v to_o retire_v easy_o yet_o fear_v overcome_v shame_n and_o the_o enemy_n kill_v they_o that_o be_v next_o to_o hand_n they_o forthwith_o turn_v their_o back_n and_o universal_o pour_v out_o themselves_o into_o flight_n this_o stratagem_n of_o scipio_n rest_v principal_o in_o shift_v his_o best_a man_n the_o roman_n into_o the_o wing_n the_o spaniard_n his_o worst_a into_o the_o midst_n and_o in_o keep_v the_o spaniard_n aloof_o from_o join_v and_o in_o haste_v to_o try_v the_o day_n with_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o weak_a of_o the_o enemy_n hasdrubal_n way_n to_o meet_v with_o this_o stratagem_n have_v be_v to_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n half_a his_o carthaginian_n and_o african_n into_o one_o wing_n and_o half_a into_o the_o other_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v his_o spaniard_n shall_v have_v have_v the_o midst_n against_o the_o roman-spaniard_n and_o his_o old_a soldier_n carthaginian_n and_o african_n be_v oppose_v in_o the_o wing_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o latin_n and_o the_o advantage_n elude_v that_o scipio_n seek_v as_o the_o countermarche_n by_o file_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n so_o be_v the_o countermarche_n by_o rank_n namely_o the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o the_o choraean_a the_o macedonian_a begin_v to_o move_v at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o enemy_n the_o enemy_n appear_v to_o either_o flank_n and_o therefore_o incur_v the_o same_o imputation_n that_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o file_n as_o seem_v to_o run_v away_o because_o it_o dismarch_v from_o the_o enemy_n yet_o be_v there_o use_v of_o it_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o by_o file_n for_o by_o this_o countermarch_n you_o may_v set_v the_o strong_a part_n of_o your_o army_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o apply_v the_o weak_a to_o some_o river_n lake_n hill_n or_o such_o like_a so_o that_o the_o enemy_n can_v not_o come_v to_o encompass_v it_o it_o take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o contrary_a wing_n the_o lacedaemonian_a take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o that_o wing_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o bring_v the_o best_a man_n to_o be_v foremost_a against_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o begin_v the_o move_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v when_o your_o force_n be_v such_o as_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v the_o enemy_n and_o you_o desire_v to_o bring_v your_o best_a man_n to_o fight_v the_o choraean_a keep_v the_o same_o ground_n the_o battle_n have_v at_o first_o &_o bring_v one_o wing_n to_o possess_v the_o place_n of_o the_o other_o or_o else_o the_o section_n to_o possess_v the_o place_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o may_v have_v be_v do_v in_o the_o last_o example_n cite_v concern_v scipio_n and_o asdrubal_n the_o manner_n of_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o countermarch_n by_o file_n in_o countermarch_n by_o file_n the_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o either_o the_o front_n remove_v towards_o the_o rear_n or_o the_o rear_n towards_o the_o front_n and_o take_v one_o a_o other_o place_n in_o this_o the_o motion_n be_v in_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n flanke-wise_a the_o wing_n either_o march_v into_o the_o midst_n or_o else_o clean_a through_o to_o the_o other_o wing_n in_o do_v it_o the_o soldier_n that_o stand_v uttermost_a in_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o wing_n must_v move_v first_o to_o the_o contrary_a wing_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o every_o rank_n several_o follow_v they_o in_o order_n the_o figure_n will_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o motion_n patritius_fw-la utter_o mistake_v the_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n and_o ground_v himself_o upon_o a_o wrong_a principle_n namely_o that_o in_o all_o countermarch_v the_o fileleader_n must_v march_v towards_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o bringers-up_a towards_o the_o front_n and_o therefore_o in_o change_v the_o wing_n into_o section_n he_o make_v the_o wing_n to_o fall_v of_o behind_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o fileleader_n wheel_v about_o and_o there_o to_o join_v themselves_o as_o near_o as_o the_o middle_a section_n will_v give_v leave_n and_o the_o section_n fall_v back_o likewise_o to_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o flank_n of_o they_o that_o be_v the_o wing_n whereas_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o euolution_n be_v clear_o to_o leave_v the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n and_o bringers-up_a in_o rear_n as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o and_o albeit_o the_o fileleader_n than_o change_v their_o place_n yet_o change_v they_o their_o place_n with_o none_o but_o with_o file_n leader_n and_o the_o change_n be_v but_o a_o change_n of_o hand_n the_o right_a hand_n for_o the_o left_a or_o the_o left_a hand_n for_o the_o right_n for_o whereas_o the_o fileleader_n of_o the_o right_a wing_n have_v before_o the_o right_a hand_n now_o in_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n be_v transpose_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n they_o have_v the_o left_a hand_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fileleader_n as_o likewise_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o other_o bringers-up_a the_o word_n of_o command_n may_v be_v these_o for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n fileleader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n of_o every_o file_n pass_v through_o in_o order_n one_o
&_o arm_n such_o as_o be_v give_v he_o be_v so_o lead_v against_o the_o enemy_n they_o be_v beat_v say_v xenophon_n receive_v horse_n &_o arm_n at_o all_o adventure_n not_o know_v whether_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o service_n or_o not_o whether_o arm_n be_v to_o big_a or_o to_o little_a they_o hurt_v a_o like_a to_o little_a they_o pinch_n the_o bearer_n &_o make_v he_o not_o able_a to_o endure_v labour_n because_o he_o be_v in_o pain_n to_o great_a by_o their_o slap_n and_o loose_v hang_v about_o the_o body_n they_o hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o those_o part_n that_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o fight_n be_v fit_n they_o differ_v little_a from_o ordinary_a apparel_n except_o it_o be_v in_o weight_n which_o inconvenience_n be_v easy_o remedy_v by_o use_n and_o practice_v 2_o tully_n write_v of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n that_o his_o continual_a use_n of_o arm_n be_v such_o that_o he_o no_o more_o reckon_v his_o target_n sword_n head-piece_n &_o other_o arm_n to_o be_v burdenous_a unto_o he_o them_z his_o shoulder_n arm_n &_o hand_n &_o say_v that_o arm_n be_v part_n of_o a_o soldier_n body_n be_v so_o fit_o make_v &_o bear_v that_o need_v require_v they_o can_v throw_v down_o their_o burden_n &_o use_v their_o ready_a arm_n in_o fight_n as_o the_o member_n of_o their_o body_n yet_o must_v care_n be_v have_v that_o their_o weight_n exceed_v not_o the_o strength_n of_o he_o that_o bear_v they_o for_o who_o will_v be_v able_a to_o centinâ—w_v long_o in_o fight_n that_o beside_o the_o labour_n of_o fight_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o burden_n more_o than_o he_o can_v well_o bear_v the_o proof_n be_v plain_a in_o beast_n which_o how_o strong_a soever_o they_o be_v faint_a &_o tire_v under_o to_o much_o weight_n 12_o alien_a after_n speak_v of_o the_o length_n of_o pike_n give_v this_o rule_n that_o they_o be_v no_o long_o than_o a_o man_n may_v well_o use_v &_o wield_v in_o handle_v to_o much_o length_n make_v they_o to_o heavy_a &_o unfit_a to_o be_v manage_v whereby_o they_o rest_v unprofitable_a to_o offend_v the_o enemy_n in_o this_o property_n of_o fitness_n those_o arm_n &_o weapon_n be_v comprehend_v which_o be_v of_o most_o use_n in_o the_o field_n for_o as_o in_o all_o other_o art_n thing_n of_o great_a effect_n be_v always_o praefer_v so_o be_v it_o in_o war_n there_o be_v great_a advantage_n in_o arm_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o one_o kind_n have_v be_v prefer_v before_o a_o other_o aemilius_n probus_n give_v a_o notable_a testimony_n of_o skill_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n to_o iphicrates_n of_o who_o he_o write_v thus_o 480_o iphicrates_n the_o athenian_a invent_v many_o thing_n in_o war_n he_o change_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o foot_n for_o whereas_o before_o they_o use_v great_a target_n short_a pike_n &_o little_a sword_n he_o give_v they_o little_a round_a target_n call_v peltae_n that_o they_o may_v be_v fit_a for_o motion_n &_o encounter_n and_o double_v the_o size_n of_o their_o pike_n &_o make_v their_o sword_n long_o he_o likewise_o change_v their_o cuirass_n &_o in_o stead_n of_o iron_n &_o brass_n bring_v in_o other_o wrought_v of_o linen_n where_o by_o he_o make_v they_o nimble_a at_o all_o assay_n for_o lessen_v the_o weight_n he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o as_o much_o cover_v the_o body_n and_o yet_o be_v very_a light_n and_o fit_v for_o use_v of_o these_o target_n which_o iphicrates_n invent_v the_o name_n of_o peltati_fw-la targeteer_n spring_v of_o who_o we_o shall_v hear_v more_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o yet_o we_o must_v not_o hereof_o conclude_v that_o iphicrates_n change_v all_o the_o arm_a foot_n into_o targeteer_n for_o the_o athenian_n have_v still_o their_o arm_a notwithstanding_o this_o invention_n of_o targeteer_n as_o d_o xenophon_n testify_v but_o where_o as_o the_o athenian_n before_o have_v no_o targeteer_n of_o their_o own_o people_n as_o i_o conjecture_v iphicrates_n bring_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o armour_n and_o so_o of_o the_o arm_a he_o make_v some_o targeteer_n &_o leave_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o arm_n they_o bear_v before_o judge_v it_o more_o profitable_a to_o have_v both_o targeteer_n &_o arm_v of_o their_o own_o people_n then_o arm_v alone_o 〈◊〉_d philopoemen_n also_o the_o brave_a achaean_n general_n teach_v his_o countryman_n in_o stead_n of_o long_a target_n &_o javelines_n to_o take_v around_o target_n call_v aspis_n &_o a_o pike_n after_o the_o macedonian_a manner_n and_o to_o arm_v themselves_o with_o headpiece_n curate_n &_o greve_n and_o to_o settle_v themselves_o to_o a_o staid_a and_o firm_a kind_n of_o fight_n in_o lieu_n of_o concursory_a and_o peltasticall_a encounter_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v bring_v they_o to_o be_v valiant_a &_o brave_a soldier_n &_o victorious_a in_o their_o fight_n against_o their_o enemy_n c._n polyb._n discourse_v of_o the_o gaulois_n &_o spanish_a sword_n of_o ancient_a time_n say_v that_o the_o gaul_n sword_n be_v so_o fashion_v that_o it_o serve_v only_o to_o strike_v with_o and_o but_o for_o one_o stroke_n after_o which_o it_o so_o bow_v both_o in_o length_n &_o breadth_n that_o unless_o the_o point_n be_v rest_v upon_o the_o ground_n &_o the_o blade_n righten_v you_o can_v not_o strike_v with_o it_o the_o second_o time_n but_o the_o spanish_a sword_n be_v both_o for_o thrust_v &_o stroke_n have_v a_o strong_a point_n &_o a_o stiff_a &_o sure_a edge_n to_o strike_v withal_o on_o either_o side_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o firmness_n of_o the_o blade_n this_o difference_n the_o roman_n espy_v and_o be_v excellent_a imitator_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v best_a for_o use_v though_o they_o be_v enemy_n from_o who_o they_o take_v they_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o spanish_a sword_n &_o after_o annibals_n time_n cause_v their_o foot_n to_o use_v no_o either_o macâ—_n suidas_n witness_v it_o the_o spaniard_n say_v he_o in_o form_n of_o sword_n far_o excel_v all_o other_o nation_n for_o their_o sword_n both_o have_v a_o strong_a point_n and_o a_o edge_n on_o either_o side_n that_o enter_v deep_a in_o strike_v which_o cause_v the_o roman_n to_o lay_v down_o their_o own_o country_n sword_n and_o take_v the_o spanish_a form_n from_o they_o that_o follow_v hannibal_n the_o form_n they_o take_v but_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o mettle_n &_o exactness_n of_o the_o temper_n they_o can_v never_o attain_v unto_o the_o roman_n than_o reject_v the_o french_a sword_n as_o of_o small_a use_n &_o imitate_v the_o spanish_a because_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o service_n xenophon_n describe_v the_o nation_n which_o follow_v croesus_n against_o cyrus_n their_o manner_n of_o arm_v and_o order_n in_o battle_n tell_v of_o the_o 375_o egyptian_n that_o they_o be_v arm_v with_o target_n reach_v down_o to_o their_o foot_n with_o long_a pike_n &_o with_o sword_n which_o they_o call_v copides_n &_o for_o order_n stand_v a_o hundred_o in_o depth_n &_o bring_v in_o cyrus_n deride_v this_o manner_n of_o arm_v and_o order_n to_o his_o soldier_n say_v they_o be_v a_o like_a arm_a a_o like_a embattle_v for_o their_o target_n say_v he_o be_v great_a than_o be_v fit_n for_o action_n &_o for_o fight_v &_o be_v range_v a_o hundred_o deep_a it_o be_v manifest_a they_o will_v hinder_v one_o another_o in_o fight_n except_o a_o few_o c_o annibal_n after_o his_o first_o victory_n against_o the_o roman_n armed_z his_o african_n his_o best_a &_o most_o trusty_a soldier_n with_o the_o armour_n of_o the_o slay_v roman_n because_o he_o find_v it_o better_o than_o his_o own_o &_o pyrrhus_n use_v not_o only_o the_o armour_n but_o the_o italian_a soldier_n also_o &_o range_v they_o a_o cohort_n &_o a_o merarchy_n alter_v native_o one_o by_o another_o and_o cuâ—o_fw-it mithridates_n after_o his_o experience_n in_o his_o first_o war_n with_o the_o roman_n that_o aswell_o in_o arm_v as_o in_o manner_n of_o fight_n they_o excel_v all_o other_o nation_n leave_v the_o arm_n of_o his_o own_o country_n &_o bring_v in_o the_o roman_a sword_n &_o target_n &_o reduce_v all_o as_o near_o as_o he_o can_v unto_o their_o discipline_n so_o then_o strength_n &_o fitness_n be_v require_v in_o arm_n to_o they_o be_v comeliness_n adjoin_v the_o shield_n of_o achilles_n how_o be_v it_o bewtify_v with_o picture_n &_o story_n by_o vulcan_n and_o that_o of_o aenaeas_n come_v out_o of_o the_o same_o forge_n how_o glorious_a be_v it_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o brave_a arm_n of_o hector_n agamemnon_n diomedes_z glaucus_n turnus_n mezentius_n &_o other_o alex._n alexander_n arm_n be_v very_o rich_a he_o have_v a_o sicilian_a cassock_n gird_v upon_o a_o double_a linen_n cuirass_n the_o spoil_n of_o issos_n his_o head-piece_n be_v of_o iron_n â—ining_v like_o pure_a silver_n the_o work_n of_o theophilus_n about_o his_o neck_n be_v a_o iron_n gorget_n
govern_v so_o be_v it_o in_o matter_n of_o war_n further_o as_o his_o skill_n so_o his_o valour_n aught_o to_o be_v most_o that_o his_o example_n may_v encourage_v and_o incite_v the_o rest_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o other_o commander_n also_o be_v place_v in_o front_n and_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o their_o valour_n &_o forwardness_n may_v bread_n a_o honest_a emulation_n in_o the_o soldier_n to_o do_v as_o they_o do_v beside_o the_o first_o place_n be_v most_o beseem_v he_o that_o best_o deserve_v and_o the_o more_o valiant_a a_o man_n be_v the_o more_o he_o desire_v to_o show_v it_o in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o enemy_n thereby_o to_o win_v himself_o honour_n and_o reputation_n furthermore_o he_o may_v do_v best_a service_n in_o the_o front_n by_o enter_v into_o the_o enemy_n battle_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o rest_n not_o unlike_o a_o sword_n who_o edge_n make_v speedy_a passage_n into_o the_o thing_n it_o cut_v and_o draw_v after_o it_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o iron_n be_v it_o never_o so_o blunt_a in_o the_o front_n the_o rank_n of_o the_o file_n leader_n give_v the_o push_n to_o gain_v the_o field_n which_o reason_n i_o think_v lead_n pçlopida_n gorgidas_n the_o first_o institutor_n of_o the_o theban_a hiero_n lochos_n not_o to_o make_v a_o entire_a troop_n thereof_o apart_o but_o to_o place_v it_o man_n by_o man_n in_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o phalange_n last_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o file_n leader_n be_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o army_n both_o for_o stature_n and_o resolution_n for_o 13_o so_o aelian_n will_v have_v they_o 73_o bread_n a_o terror_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o see_v such_o gallant_n in_o the_o front_n have_v cause_n to_o imagine_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n which_o they_o see_v not_o be_v like_a to_o those_o they_o see_v and_o be_v never_o so_o valiant_a they_o have_v rather_o have_v to_o do_v with_o weak_a and_o relent_v then_o stout_a and_o resolute_a adversary_n as_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n 51_o annibal_n answer_v one_o that_o bring_v he_o news_n that_o the_o consul_n have_v command_v the_o horse_n man_n to_o alight_v and_o fight_v one_o foot_n how_o much_o rather_o will_v i_o quoth_v he_o he_o have_v deliver_v they_o bind_v into_o my_o hand_n i_o have_v hear_v many_o hold_n opinion_n that_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n to_o bring_v their_o best_a man_n first_o to_o fight_v be_v contrary_a cap._n 5._o the_o order_n of_o a_o file_n 4_o enomoty_n 3_o enomoty_n 2_o enomoty_n 1_o enomoty_a dimerite_n 2_o dimery_n or_o half_a file_n 1_o dimery_n or_o half_a file_n the_o file-head_a the_o birnger_n up_o and_o 4_o enomotarcha_fw-la 2_o leader_n 1_o follower_n 1_o leader_n 2_o follower_n 2_o leader_n 1_o follower_n 3_o enomotarcha_fw-la 2_o follower_n 2_o leader_n 1_o follower_n 2_o enomotarcha_fw-la 2_o follower_n 2_o leader_n 1_o follower_n the_o fileader_n and_o first_o enomotarcha_n to_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o hold_v the_o triarij_fw-la their_o elder_a and_o best_a soldier_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o bring_v they_o not_o to_o join_v till_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v beat_v or_o retire_v but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o both_o their_o embattailing_n we_o shall_v see_v no_o great_a difference_n or_o at_o lest_o we_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o place_v their-b_a man_n be_v not_o much_o different_a the_o grecian_n in_o frame_v their_o fourfold_a phalange_n make_v in_o length_n a_o even_a front_n of_o a_o 1024._o file_n the_o file_n be_v 16._o deep_a and_o the_o best_a man_n therefore_o in_o front_n because_o be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o use_n of_o their_o valour_n and_o the_o phalange_n may_v have_v be_v break_v before_o it_o have_v come_v to_o their_o turn_n to_o fight_v the_o roman_n contrariwise_a in_o order_v a_o legion_n make_v many_o maniple_n and_o give_v the_o front_n to_o the_o hastati_fw-la the_o midst_n to_o the_o principes_fw-la the_o rear_n to_o the_o triarij_fw-la now_o the_o triarij_fw-la be_v order_v in_o the_o rear_n may_v at_o the_o beginning_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v in_o front_n if_o need_n be_v be_v no_o need_n they_o keep_v their_o place_n till_o their_o general_n find_v it_o fit_a to_o call_v upon_o they_o so_o then_o this_o be_v the_o difference_n the_o fileleader_n of_o the_o grecian_n have_v the_o front_n because_o otherwise_o in_o so_o deep_a a_o body_n as_o the_o phalange_n be_v they_o can_v not_o have_v come_v to_o fight_v the_o triarij_fw-la might_n always_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o front_n in_o flank_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n as_o please_v the_o general_n and_o that_o the_o roman_n also_o in_o their_o several_a maniple_n place_v their_o best_a man_n in_o front_n i_o can_v doubt_v there_o stand_v the_o centurion_n which_o be_v the_o leader_n of_o the_o maniple_n and_o in_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v second_v with_o the_o hest_n man_n under_o their_o command_n 3._o c._n crastinus_n may_v serve_v for_o a_o example_n who_o be_v no_o centurion_n but_o a_o evocate_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsaly_n betwixt_o caesar_n &_o pompey_n bid_v his_o manipuler_n they_o be_v of_o the_o maniple_n which_o he_o once_o command_v to_o follow_v he_o and_o say_v he_o will_v make_v his_o general_n give_v he_o thanks_o alive_a or_o dead_a yet_o must_v i_o confess_v that_o the_o front_n be_v not_o the_o proper_a place_n of_o the_o evocate_n but_o he_o choose_v the_o front_n and_o hold_v it_o a_o place_n worthy_a of_o his_o valour_n it_o be_v say_v of_o catilinae_fw-la catiline_n that_o when_o he_o fight_v with_o c._n antonius_n he_o place_v in_o the_o front_n of_o his_o army_n all_o the_o choose_a centurion_n and_o evocate_n and_o beside_o of_o common_a soldier_n such_o as_o be_v best_a arm_v a_o livy_n speak_v of_o a_o fight_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o latin_n and_o describe_v the_o form_n of_o the_o roman_a battle_n after_o he_o have_v limit_v the_o place_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la &_o principes_fw-la write_v thus_o of_o the_o triarij_fw-la after_o the_o ensign_n he_o mean_v the_o standard_n of_o the_o legion_n not_o the_o ensign_n of_o maniple_n be_v ten_o other_o maniple_n whereof_o every_o one_o have_v three_o ensign_n the_o first_o ensign_n lead_v the_o triarij_fw-la old_a soldier_n of_o try_a valour_n the_o next_o the_o rorarij_fw-la not_o so_o well_o esteem_v for_o strength_n in_o either_o age_n or_o deed_n the_o three_o the_o accensi_fw-la a_o troop_n of_o lest_o trust_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o they_o be_v cast_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o accensi_fw-la be_v put_v in_o the_o rear_n because_o there_o be_v no_o great_a opinion_n of_o their_o valour_n the_o triarij_fw-la have_v the_o front_n because_o they_o be_v old_a soldier_n and_o have_v be_v sufficient_o try_v so_o then_o in_o divide_v of_o their_o army_n into_o small_a body_n or_o battailion_n the_o roman_n differ_v from_o the_o grecian_n in_o place_v the_o best_a man_n of_o their_o maniple_n in_o front_n they_o observe_v the_o same_o manner_n that_o the_o grecian_n do_v in_o place_v their_o fileleader_n in_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o phalange_n 2_o a_o verse_n i_o have_v translate_v sticho_n a_o verse_n the_o more_o usual_a signification_n be_v a_o row_n of_o any_o thing_n place_v orderly_o c._n so_o xenophon_n apply_v it_o to_o tree_n which_o be_v plant_v orderly_o one_o after_o another_o and_o iliad_n eustathius_n to_o the_o stand_n of_o dancer_n one_o after_o another_o in_o depth_n even_o as_o our_o soldier_n be_v place_v one_o after_o another_o in_o file_n 16._o julius_n pollux_n also_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v file_n and_o rank_n in_o choro_fw-la that_o be_v in_o dance_n upon_o the_o stage_n 〈◊〉_d but_o suidas_n say_v it_o be_v common_o take_v for_o a_o line_n which_o be_v read_v from_o the_o left_a to_o right_a hand_n and_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n a_o verse_n as_o we_o read_v at_o this_o day_n and_o as_o they_o read_v when_o aelian_n write_v this_o treatise_n rather_o resemble_v a_o rank_n then_o a_o fiâ—e_n because_o in_o a_o rank_n man_n stand_v side_n to_o side_n as_o word_n do_v be_v place_v in_o a_o line_n yet_o because_o the_o word_n be_v receive_v by_o use_n in_o that_o other_o sense_n we_o must_v like_v wise_a admit_v the_o same_o 3_o a_o decury_n this_o in_a greek_a aelian_n call_v decania_n a_o word_n which_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o find_v in_o no_o other_o author_n then_o in_o he_o and_o in_o suidas_n cyrop_n xenophon_n call_v it_o decas_fw-la so_o do_v strat_n vrbicius_n and_o c._n arrian_n and_o likewise_o hesychius_n 69._o leo_n call_v it_o decarchian_n and_o akian_n 4_o a_o enomotie_n the_o word_n come_v from_o
wound_v many_o of_o they_o the_o stone_n and_o dart_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n be_v to_o fly_v over_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o that_o can_v not_o be_v unless_o the_o lightarmed_n be_v place_v behind_o i_o will_v add_v one_o example_n only_o out_o of_o plutarch_n to_o show_v the_o service_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n in_o the_o rear_n sylla_n plutarch_n discourse_v of_o the_o battle_n fight_v betwixt_o sylla_n and_o archelaus_n the_o general_n of_o mithridates_n at_o cheronaea_n have_v thus_o afterward_o the_o foot_n force_n come_v to_o join_v the_o barbarian_n hold_v out_o and_o charge_v their_o long_a pike_n and_o endeavour_v with_o lock_v their_o targett_v close_o together_o to_o maintain_v the_o order_n and_o closenes_n of_o their_o phalange_n the_o roman_n on_o the_o other_o side_n cast_v away_o their_o dart_n and_o draw_v their_o sword_n put_v by_o the_o enemy_n pike_n in_o choler_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v come_v quick_o up_o to_o they_o for_o they_o espy_v oppose_v against_o they_o in_o front_n 15000._o of_o the_o enemy_n slave_n that_o be_v enfranchise_v by_o proclamation_n of_o the_o king_n general_n &_o enroll_v amongst_o the_o arm_a and_o when_o the_o roman_a armed_z can_v hardly_o break_v they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o depth_n and_o fast_o knit_v together_o and_o of_o their_o boldness_n in_o dare_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o slave_n to_o abide_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o encounter_n the_o arrow_n and_o dart_v cast_v in_o abundance_n from_o the_o rear_n make_v they_o show_v their_o back_n and_o fall_v in_o a_o rout_n we_o find_v here_o that_o the_o lightarmed_n from_o the_o rear_n effect_v that_o which_o the_o arm_a can_v not_o these_o slave_n endure_v the_o shock_n and_o can_v not_o be_v break_v by_o the_o arm_a and_o yet_o be_v defeat_v with_o arrow_n and_o dart_n from_o the_o rear_n now_o for_o the_o distance_n that_o shall_v be_v betwixt_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o arm_a aelian_n say_v nothing_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o great_a if_o not_o great_a as_o in_o the_o section_n of_o the_o arm_a for_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o section_n that_o serve_v to_o sever_v the_o phalangarchy_n one_o from_o another_o must_v run_v through_o the_o lightarmed_n in_o depth_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o by_o they_o be_v the_o epixenagy_n to_o be_v divide_v a_o sunder_o as_o the_o phalangarchy_n be_v with_o epixenagy_n answer_v the_o phalangarchy_n for_o number_n of_o file_n albeit_o not_o in_o number_n of_o man_n likewise_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o great_a space_n in_o rank_n and_o file_n than_o the_o arm_a have_v for_o the_o handle_n of_o missive_a weapon_n require_v more_o liberty_n of_o place_n than_o the_o manage_n of_o a_o pike_n or_o sword_n a_o dart_n can_v not_o be_v send_v for_o ciblie_o without_o run_v two_o or_o three_o step_n in_o the_o delivery_n of_o it_o a_o sling_n be_v throw_v and_o circle_v about_o the_o head_n before_o the_o stone_n or_o bullet_n can_v be_v force_v out_o to_o any_o purpose_n will_v not_o suffer_v a_o near_a slander_n by_o in_o bow_n and_o arrow_n be_v the_o like_a reason_n if_o they_o be_v use_v as_o they_o ought_v beside_o the_o lightarmed_n in_o their_o fight_n be_v tie_v to_o no_o certainty_n of_o order_n or_o ground_n but_o fight_v dispersedly_z so_o that_o the_o more_o ground_n they_o have_v the_o fit_a they_o be_v for_o service_n in_o which_o respect_n a_o large_a interval_n croswise_o betwixt_o the_o arm_a and_o they_o shall_v serve_v to_o purpose_v it_o have_v liberty_n for_o their_o motion_n forward_o and_o backward_o as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v 7_o and_o behind_o they_o the_o horse_n i_o have_v not_o read_v in_o any_o greek_n history_n that_o the_o horseman_n in_o a_o set_v battle_n have_v be_v range_v behind_o the_o lightarmed_n the_o usual_a manner_n be_v to_o place_v they_o in_o the_o â—_o wing_n so_o do_v alexander_n before_o he_o pass_v the_o river_n d_o granicus_n so_o 6â—_n at_o issos_n so_o at_o â—_o gangamela_n so_o do_v 686._o antigonus_n against_o eumenes_n and_o eumenes_n against_o antigonus_n so_o â—16_n ptolomeus_n against_o demetrius_n and_o demetrius_z against_o ptolomeus_n and_o in_o brief_a all_o the_o macedonian_n and_o the_o grecian_n before_o the_o macedonian_n be_v account_v of_o for_o matter_n of_o arm_n unless_o some_o special_a cause_n move_v a_o alteration_n and_o as_o i_o show_v out_o of_o xenophon_n before_o all_o their_o time_n c._n cyrus_n albeit_o he_o set_v the_o light_n arm_v in_o the_o rear_n notwithstanding_o he_o beestow_v the_o horse_n in_o the_o wing_n alexander_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n ister_n as_o long_o as_o he_o march_v in_o the_o corn_n land_n place_v his_o horse_n behind_o his_o e._n phalange_n when_o he_o enter_v the_o champaign_n he_o set_v they_o on_o the_o right_a wing_n and_o last_o cast_v his_o phalange_n in_o to_o a_o plaesium_n and_o order_v his_o horse_n before_o in_o the_o corne-land_n they_o follow_v for_o fear_n of_o a_o ambush_n in_o the_o champion_n they_o march_v on_o the_o right_a wing_n because_o on_o the_o left_a the_o phalange_n be_v secure_v by_o the_o river_n before_o the_o plaeâ—_n sium_fw-la that_o be_v overlayde_a with_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enimye_n they_o may_v have_v a_o sure_a retreat_n to_o the_o foot_n 64_o the_o same_o alexander_n when_o he_o be_v to_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o issos_n with_o darius_n as_o long_o as_o he_o be_v in_o the_o straits_n marshal_v his_o horse_n after_o his_o foot_n but_o in_o march_v forward_o come_v to_o open_a ground_n when_o he_o may_v give_v full_a length_n to_o his_o phalange_n he_o place_v his_o horse_n on_o both_o the_o wing_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o set_v they_o behinde-was_a in_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o place_n and_o he_o be_v incerteine_a how_o near_o the_o enemy_n lie_v be_v loathe_v to_o put_v they_o to_o hazard_v before_o they_o have_v liberty_n of_o ground_n to_o order_v themselves_o and_o may_v have_v assistance_n of_o the_o foot_n for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a matter_n in_o march_v as_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n also_o at_o this_o day_n to_o dispose_v the_o horse_n half_o behind_o and_o half_o before_o i_o will_v content_v myself_o with_o one_o example_n when_o c._n agesilaus_n return_v out_o of_o asia_n pass_v through_o thessaly_n the_o thessalian_n ally_n of_o the_o theban_n follow_v he_o and_o seek_v to_o endammage_n his_o army_n to_o their_o uttermost_a he_o have_v before_o dispose_v his_o march_n into_o a_o plaesium_n with_o the_o horse_n half_a in_o front_n and_o half_o behind_o now_o when_o the_o thessalian_n cease_v not_o to_o molest_v he_o by_o fall_v upon_o his_o rear_n he_o send_v to_o the_o rear_n all_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o vantgarde_n except_v those_o that_o attend_v his_o person_n either_o party_n prepare_v themselves_o to_o fight_v the_o thessalian_n hold_v it_o not_o sure_a with_o horse_n alone_o to_o encounter_v arm_v foot_n turn_v about_o their_o face_n begin_v leisurely_o to_o retire_v and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n slow_o to_o follow_v agesilaus_n perceave_v the_o error_n of_o both_o send_v the_o best_a of_o his_o horse_n that_o be_v about_o he_o command_v they_o to_o signify_v to_o the_o rest_n that_o they_o together_o shall_v go_v and_o charge_v the_o thessalian_n with_o all_o speed_n and_o give_v no_o respite_n to_o they_o to_o turn_v their_o face_n the_o thessalian_n contrary_a to_o their_o expectation_n be_v hot_o charge_v some_o flee_v other_o some_o turn_v about_o towards_o the_o enemy_n other_o some_o endeavour_v to_o turn_v be_v surprise_v by_o their_o enemy_n that_o by_o that_o time_n be_v come_v up_o to_o their_o flank_v now_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o aelian_o place_v the_o horse_n in_o the_o rear_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v then_o that_o from_o thence_o they_o may_v be_v soon_o draw_v to_o all_o place_n front_n flank_n or_o wheresoever_o the_o enemy_n be_v like_a to_o distress_n us._n for_o it_o have_v be_v the_o forecast_n of_o all_o general_n to_o fashion_v their_o battle_n according_a to_o the_o figure_n the_o enemy_n have_v before_o choose_v example_n be_v so_o plentiful_a i_o need_v not_o allege_v many_o only_o i_o will_v remember_v one_o latin_a story_n of_o place_v horse_n in_o the_o rear_n l._n lentulus_n and_o l._n manlius_n acidinus_n in_o spain_n be_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o illergetes_n and_o ansetan_n and_o other_o spaniard_n that_o have_v revolt_v from_o the_o roman_n in_o this_o very_a kind_n of_o place_v horse_n in_o the_o rear_n imitate_v and_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o and_o defeat_v their_o enemy_n a._n livy_n have_v the_o story_n and_o write_v thus_o in_o effect_n the_o next_o day_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o son_n
which_o regard_n i_o prefer_v the_o target_n of_o aelian_n before_o that_o of_o leo_n aelians_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o neck_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thigh_n leos_n carry_v a_o handful_n more_o in_o breadth_n which_o in_o the_o circumference_n grow_v to_o a_o good_a proportion_n of_o weight_n and_o greatness_n 4_o no_o short_a than_o 8_o cubit_n that_o be_v 12_o foot_n short_a pike_n against_o long_o have_v a_o great_a disadvantage_n with_o the_o long_a pike_n a_o man_n be_v able_a to_o strike_v and_o kill_v his_o enemy_n before_o himself_o can_v be_v touch_v or_o come_v in_o danger_n of_o a_o short_a the_o pike_n keep_v the_o enemy_n out_o so_o far_o as_o the_o length_n be_v the_o experience_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o 8._o sorano_n show_v it_o where_o vitellozzo_n vitelli_n discomfit_v the_o almain_n only_a with_o the_o advantage_n of_o pike_n a_o arm_n long_o than_o they_o against_o long_a pike_n this_o policy_n be_v use_v by_o cleonymus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n as_o 2._o polienus_n tell_v cleonymus_n besiege_v aedessa_n and_o have_v overthrow_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n the_o pikeman_n of_o the_o city_n sail_v out_o who_o pike_n be_v each_o 16_o cubit_n in_o length_n cleonymus_n close_v his_o phalange_n in_o depth_n and_o command_v the_o fileleader_n to_o lay_v away_o their_o pike_n and_o when_o the_o pikeman_n of_o the_o enemy_n come_v to_o charge_n to_o seize_v upon_o their_o pike_n with_o both_o hand_n and_o hold_v they_o fast_o and_o the_o follower_n to_o pass_v through_o by_o the_o fileleader_n side_n and_o maintain_v the_o fight_n the_o fileleader_n lay_v hold_v on_o the_o pike_n and_o the_o enemy_n strive_v to_o recover_v they_o out_o of_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o follower_n pass_v through_o the_o rank_n of_o file_n leader_n to_o the_o front_n slay_v the_o enemy_n pikeman_n and_o get_v the_o victory_n this_o be_v cleonymus_n device_n against_o long_a pike_n which_o notwithstanding_o derogate_v nothing_o from_o the_o length_n of_o pike_n more_o than_o from_o shortness_n for_o the_o same_o policy_n may_v have_v prevail_v as_o well_o against_o short_a pike_n as_o long_o each_o assoon_o as_o the_o enemy_n have_v seize_v upon_o they_o grow_v to_o be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o that_o the_o long_a pike_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o short_a i_o have_v show_v before_o by_o reason_n and_o the_o reformation_n of_o arm_n make_v by_o iphicrates_n among_o the_o athenian_n and_o by_o philopoman_n among_o the_o achaian_o will_v be_v warrant_n enough_o so_o to_o hold_v in_o the_o length_n notwithstanding_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o reasonable_a consideration_n that_o it_o exceed_v not_o the_o measure_n of_o his_o strength_n that_o shall_v bear_v the_o pike_n the_o worth_n that_o the_o fileleader_n and_o next_o follower_n shall_v be_v of_o chap._n xiii_o the_o fileleader_n as_o the_o commander_n of_o file_n of_o the_o phalange_n be_v to_o be_v the_o choice_n and_o flower_n of_o the_o army_n and_o to_o excel_v the_o rest_n as_o well_o in_o stature_n as_o in_o experience_n and_o martial_a skâ—ll_n for_o this_o rank_n knit_v and_o bind_v in_o the_o phalange_n and_o of_o all_o other_o yield_v great_a use_n for_o as_o a_o sword_n take_v to_o the_o edge_n as_o a_o weight_n and_o sway_n the_o swell_a iron_n towards_o the_o back_n exhibit_v thereby_o more_o violence_n in_o pierce_v so_o in_o a_o phalange_n the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n be_v the_o edge_n itself_o and_o the_o multitude_n of_o aftercommer_n be_v the_o swell_a and_o sway_n and_o increase_v of_o weight_n consideration_n must_v be_v have_v likewise_o of_o those_o that_o follow_v in_o the_o second_o rank_n for_o their_o pike_n reach_v joint_o over_o the_o front_n and_o be_v next_o in_o place_n they_o be_v always_o ready_a for_o use_v and_o the_o file-leader_n fall_v or_o be_v wound_v the_o next_o follower_n step_v to_o the_o front_n in_o his_o place_n hold_v together_o and_o preserve_v the_o tenor_n of_o that_o rank_n unbroken_a furthermore_o we_o be_v to_o order_v the_o three_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n according_a to_o reason_n and_o as_o the_o valour_n of_o our_o soldier_n shall_v require_v this_o chapter_n show_v how_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o be_v order_v in_o every_o file_n whereof_o because_o i_o have_v before_o speak_v sufficient_o in_o my_o note_n to_o the_o five_o chapter_n and_o the_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n carry_v no_o difficulty_n or_o obscurity_n with_o they_o i_o will_v forbear_v to_o treat_v any_o further_a of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n and_o length_n of_o the_o soldier_n pike_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o 1_o macedonian_a phalange_n have_v of_o enemy_n be_v think_v unresistible_a by_o reason_n of_o 2_o the_o manner_n of_o embattail_v for_o the_o soldier_n with_o his_o arm_n stand_v in_o close_a order_n or_o shut_v when_o he_o be_v ready_a for_o fight_v 3_o occupy_v two_o cubit_n of_o ground_n and_o the_o length_n of_o his_o pike_n be_v sixteen_o cubit_n according_a to_o the_o first_o institution_n but_o in_o truth_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v fourteen_o cubit_n whereof_o the_o 4_o space_n betwixt_o the_o hand_n in_o charge_v take_v up_o two_o cubit_n the_o other_o twelve_o lie_v out_o from_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n those_o in_o the_o second_o rank_n that_o stand_v next_o to_o the_o leader_n lose_v four_o cubit_n in_o the_o phalange_n have_v their_o pike_n reach_v over_o the_o first_o rank_n ten_o cubit_n those_o of_o the_o three_o rank_n eight_o cubit_n of_o the_o four_o rank_n six_o cubit_n of_o the_o five_o 4_o cubit_n of_o the_o six_o 2_o cubit_n 5_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o other_o behind_o can_v attain_v to_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o see_v five_o or_o six_o pike_n be_v charge_v over_o the_o first_o rank_n they_o present_v a_o fearful_a sight_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o double_a the_o strength_n of_o the_o soldier_n stand_v fortify_v as_o it_o be_v with_o five_o or_o six_o pike_n and_o second_v with_o a_o main_a force_n at_o his_o back_n as_o the_o figure_n show_v moreover_o they_o that_o be_v place_v after_o the_o six_o rank_n albeit_o they_o push_v not_o with_o their_o pike_n yet_o thrust_v on_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o body_n reinforce_v the_o strength_n and_o power_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o leave_v no_o hope_n for_o the_o fileleader_n to_o fly_v or_o shift_v away_o some_o will_v have_v the_o hinder_a pike_n long_o than_o the_o foremost_a that_o they_o of_o the_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n may_v bear_v out_o the_o head_n of_o their_o pike_n equal_o with_o the_o first_o 6_o the_o superordinary_a lieutenant_n of_o every_o syntagma_n must_v be_v a_o man_n of_o understanding_n oversee_n the_o soldier_n of_o his_o command_n that_o they_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o if_o for_o fear_n or_o other_o occasion_n any_o forsake_v their_o ground_n he_o be_v to_o compel_v they_o again_o to_o their_o place_n and_o in_o close_v to_o put_v they_o when_o need_n require_v as_o near_o up_o together_o as_o they_o shall_v stand_v for_o it_o be_v a_o great_a strength_n and_o assurance_n to_o the_o phalange_n to_o have_v some_o principal_a commander_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o also_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n for_o the_o cause_n before_o mention_v note_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n which_o consist_v principal_o in_o the_o e._n protension_n and_o charge_v of_o pike_n and_o knit_v together_o of_o target_n be_v here_o set_v down_o the_o whole_a chapter_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v out_o of_o e._n polybius_n who_o handle_v the_o same_o argument_n and_o almost_o with_o the_o same_o word_n but_o that_o aelian_a and_o he_o differ_v about_o the_o number_n of_o cubit_n which_o the_o pike_n take_v up_o reach_v over_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n 1_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n have_v be_v think_v to_o be_v unresistible_a the_o strength_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n appear_v no_o way_n better_o than_o by_o the_o conquest_n it_o have_v make_v king_n philip_n be_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o and_o by_o that_o invention_n raise_v the_o kingdom_n of_o macedonia_n from_o the_o poor_a to_o the_o powerful_a and_o great_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o 510._o diodorus_n siculus_n find_v the_o crown_n at_o his_o come_n to_o it_o in_o bondage_n to_o the_o illyrian_n make_v it_o afterward_o lady_n of_o many_o great_a nation_n and_o city_n and_o purchase_v to_o himself_o to_o be_v declare_v general_n of_o greece_n and_o first_o overthrow_v the_o illyrian_n pâ—onians_n thracian_n and_o scythian_n afterward_o let_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n oâ—_n persia_n to_o break_v it_o after_o he_o have_v enfranchise_v the_o 〈◊〉_d city_n of_o asia_n and_o albeit_o death_n intercept_v he_o yet_o he_o leave_v such_o
the_o notable_a effect_n thereof_o at_o mantinaea_n now_o aelian_n bring_v reason_n why_o the_o wedge_n be_v hold_v better_a than_o the_o square_n let_v i_o with_o leave_n add_v a_o word_n or_o two_o why_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o rhombe_n and_o first_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o the_o wedge_n have_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o disposition_n that_o the_o rhombe_n have_v that_o be_v a_o front_n end_v in_o a_o point_n where_o the_o captain_n stand_v two_o point_n of_o the_o two_o flank_n where_o the_o flanke-commander_n stand_v the_o lieutenant_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o best_a man_n in_o the_o flank_n but_o it_o must_v be_v as_o powerful_a to_o open_v the_o enemy_n battle_n as_o the_o rhombe_n be_v then_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n of_o the_o rhombe_n that_o it_o bring_v more_o hand_n to_o fight_v for_o let_v the_o rhombe_n and_o wedge_n be_v frame_v of_o a_o equal_a number_n the_o wedge_n in_o figure_n resemble_v the_o forepart_n of_o the_o rhombe_n must_v have_v the_o horse_n that_o shall_v be_v range_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o rhombe_n orderly_o couch_v within_o the_o 3_o side_n thereof_o where_o by_o both_o the_o number_n of_o the_o horse_n in_o the_o side_n be_v increase_v and_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n betwixt_o flank_n and_o flank_v enlarge_v and_o see_v both_o the_o rhombe_n and_o the_o wedge_n go_v to_o the_o charge_n with_o the_o point_n of_o their_o front_n the_o wedge_n both_o have_v the_o property_n to_o pierce_v and_o enter_v the_o enemy_n battle_n by_o art_n and_o sleight_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rhombe_n and_o do_v it_o with_o more_o strength_n because_o of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o hand_n in_o the_o side_n which_o all_o come_v to_o fight_v join_v that_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o rhombe_n serve_v only_o to_o avoid_v surprise_v and_o work_v nothing_o in_o charge_v for_o after_o the_o two_o flank_n point_n be_v enter_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o rhombe_n grow_v narrow_a and_o narrow_a towards_o the_o rear_n fall_v further_o off_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v content_a only_a to_o follow_v the_o way_n that_o be_v make_v to_o hand_n by_o the_o front_n and_o flank_n without_o be_v able_a to_o strike_v a_o stroke_n especial_o if_o it_o preserve_v the_o order_n it_o ought_v to_o keep_v whereas_o all_o part_n of_o the_o wedge_n be_v effectual_a the_o point_n to_o enter_v the_o side_n even_o to_o the_o flank_n corner_n where_o the_o rear_n end_v to_o dispart_v and_o dissever_v and_o final_o to_o disorder_v the_o enemy_n whereby_o the_o victory_n ensue_v and_o if_o we_o may_v rely_v upon_o authority_n the_o authority_n of_o king_n philip_n will_v sway_v much_o for_o the_o wedge_n for_o unless_o he_o have_v hold_v it_o better_o than_o the_o rhombe_n he_o will_v not_o have_v choose_v nor_o accustom_v his_o macedonian_n to_o it_o nor_o alexander_n after_o retain_v it_o if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n neither_o do_v the_o event_n deceive_v they_o for_o almost_o in_o all_o battle_n their_o horse_n thus_o dispose_v carry_v away_o the_o victory_n but_o as_o i_o before_o note_v neither_o rhombe_n nor_o wedge_n have_v find_v grace_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o great_a general_n of_o our_o day_n nor_o can_v we_o tell_v what_o to_o insist_v upon_o till_o experience_n have_v teach_v how_o well_o these_o form_n will_v agree_v with_o the_o weapon_n and_o service_n of_o our_o modern_a war_n 4_o the_o persian_n make_v choice_n of_o square_n the_o square_a be_v the_o three_o and_o last_o form_n of_o horsebattaile_n that_o aelian_n mention_v whereof_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n one_o with_o a_o large_a front_n than_o flank_n a_o other_o with_o a_o large_a flank_n than_o front_n the_o three_o with_o front_n and_o flank_v equal_a all_o these_o three_o be_v use_v among_o the_o persian_n and_o grecian_n for_o two_o of_o the_o first_o xenophon_n may_v witness_v when_o agesilaus_n after_o tissaphernes_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n lieutenant_n in_o part_n of_o the_o lesser_a asia_n have_v break_v truce_n with_o he_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o phrigia_n d._n xenophon_n tell_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o journey_n be_v without_o impediment_n till_o he_o come_v not_o far_o from_o dascylium_n there_o when_o his_o horseman_n gallop_v to_o a_o hill_n to_o discover_v the_o country_n by_o chance_n the_o horseman_n of_o pharnabazus_n a_o other_o of_o the_o king_n of_o persian_n lieutenant_n be_v about_o the_o same_o number_n that_o the_o grecian_n be_v and_o send_v by_o pharnabazus_n under_o the_o command_n of_o rathynes_n and_o bancaeus_n his_o bastard_n brother_n gallop_v up_o the_o same_o hill_n and_o discover_v one_o the_o other_o no_o further_o of_o than_o two_o part_n of_o a_o furlong_n at_o the_o first_o they_o stand_v still_o the_o grecian_n order_v phalange-wise_a 4_o in_o depth_n the_o barbarian_n make_v their_o front_n 12_o in_o length_n the_o depth_n many_o more_o afterwards_o the_o barbarian_n begin_v first_o to_o charge_n when_o they_o come_v to_o hand_n all_o the_o grecian_n that_o join_v break_v their_o staff_n the_o persian_n have_v corneil_n dart_v kill_v some_o 12_o horseman_n and_o 2_o horse_n hereupon_o the_o grecian_n flee_v but_o when_o agesilaus_n come_v with_o the_o army_n to_o the_o rescue_n the_o barbarian_n again_o forsake_v the_o field_n the_o persian_n than_o use_v a_o square_a long_o in_o flank_n than_o front_n the_o grecian_a a_o square_a long_o in_o front_n theu_o flank_n but_o which_o of_o the_o three_o square_n be_v most_o to_o be_v esteem_v aelian_n show_v in_o the_o word_n follow_v say_v those_o square_n be_v best_a that_o 5_o double_v the_o number_n of_o the_o length_n to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o depth_n what_o the_o length_n and_o depth_n in_o a_o battle_n be_v we_o have_v see_v before_o yet_o to_o understand_v aelian_n the_o better_a let_v we_o repeat_v that_o the_o length_n of_o a_o battle_n be_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o front_n the_o depth_n the_o extension_n of_o the_o flank_n to_o double_v then_o the_o number_n of_o the_o length_n to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o depth_n be_v to_o place_n twice_o so_o many_o man_n in_o front_n as_o in_o flank_n as_o for_o the_o purpose_n 6_o in_o front_n 3_o in_o flank_n or_o 8_o in_o front_n 4_o in_o flank_n or_o 10_o in_o front_n 5_o in_o flank_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n appear_v by_o the_o lycurgo_n oulamos_n or_o horse-troupe_n institute_v by_o lycurgus_n which_o be_v figure_v tetragonal_o with_o 4_o equal_a side_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o 50_o horse_n now_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v a_o square_a of_o number_n that_o be_v to_o have_v as_o many_o horse_n in_o flank_n as_o in_o front_n may_v hereby_o be_v show_v because_o no_o square_a number_n will_v make_v 50._o the_o near_a be_v 7_o time_n 7_o which_o amount_v to_o 49._o but_o proportion_v the_o number_n of_o the_o length_n double_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o depth_n that_o be_v 10_o in_o front_n and_o 5_o in_o flank_n even_o 50_o will_v arise_v so_o that_o the_o horse_n troop_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v the_o number_n of_o the_o length_n double_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o depth_n and_o make_v a_o square_a in_o the_o equality_n of_o measure_n of_o the_o side_n not_o in_o number_n which_o be_v the_o tetragonall_a figure_n whereof_o plutarch_n speak_v and_o where_o xenophon_n as_o i_o have_v allege_v before_o report_v that_o the_o horseman_n of_o agesilaus_n be_v but_o 4_o in_o depth_n it_o hinder_v not_o this_o truth_n for_o as_o i_o note_v before_o the_o ordinary_a array_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n foot_n be_v 8_o in_o depth_n yet_o do_v pausanias_n the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n cast_v his_o man_n into_o a_o deep_a phalange_n against_o thrasibulus_n other_o example_n i_o have_v allege_v in_o the_o same_o place_n touch_v the_o same_o matter_n beside_o this_o appear_v to_o be_v but_o a_o tumultuous_a fight_n either_o of_o the_o party_n come_v sudden_o in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o other_o and_o go_v present_o to_o charge_n before_o they_o can_v have_v time_n to_o alter_v the_o order_n they_o then_o be_v in_o and_o to_o say_v the_o horse_n troop_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v but_o 4_o in_o depth_n it_o must_v thereof_o necessary_o follow_v that_o they_o be_v 12_o in_o length_n which_o yet_o will_v come_v short_a of_o 50_o 4_o time_n 12_o make_v but_o 48._o indeed_o 40._o leo_n hold_v opinion_n that_o in_o a_o horse_n battle_n the_o depth_n ought_v to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 4._o i_o will_v set_v down_o his_o word_n as_o near_o as_o convenient_o i_o can_v english_a they_o the_o depth_n say_v he_o or_o thickness_n as_o it_o be_v of_o ancient_a time_n limit_v be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o be_v of_o 4_o
horse_n in_o every_o troop_n because_o in_o horse_n a_o great_a depth_n will_v be_v idle_a and_o to_o no_o purpose_n for_o they_o can_v as_o foot_n do_v with_o their_o thickness_n thrust_v one_o a_o other_o forward_o from_o behind_o and_o so_o the_o foremost_a will_v they_o or_o will_v they_o be_v force_v to_o go_v against_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o be_v do_v among_o foot_n but_o the_o horse_n can_v not_o thrust_v forward_o those_o that_o be_v before_o they_o nor_o the_o fileleader_n that_o stand_v in_o front_n be_v second_v in_o that_o kind_n by_o the_o rest_n that_o stand_v in_o depth_n after_o the_o four_o man_n for_o if_o they_o be_v lancer_n the_o five_o rank_n can_v reach_v with_o their_o lance_n to_o the_o front_n if_o archer_n they_o shall_v be_v fain_o to_o shoot_v aloft_o for_o fear_n of_o hurt_v their_o companion_n before_o and_o so_o their_o arrow_n serve_v for_o no_o use_n after_o fight_n be_v join_v therefore_o be_v the_o number_n of_o 4_o sufficient_a in_o depth_n as_o i_o have_v say_v this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o leo._n to_o which_o i_o can_v absolute_o assent_v unless_o he_o have_v give_v 8_o for_o the_o front_n of_o his_o troop_n and_o so_o make_v it_o of_o 4_o equal_a side_n in_o figure_n not_o in_o number_n as_o aelian_n require_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o best_a square_n for_o the_o reason_n of_o lance_n not_o reach_v to_o the_o front_n in_o the_o five_o rank_n reach_v not_o home_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o war_n aelian_n before_o have_v declare_v that_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o seven_o rank_n reach_v not_o to_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v thereof_o infer_v that_o the_o phalange_n ought_v to_o be_v but_o 6_o deep_a yea_o but_o the_o foot_n that_o come_v after_o help_v the_o foremost_a second_v they_o and_o thrust_v they_o on_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o body_n which_o the_o horse_n can_v not_o do_v this_o must_v be_v grant_v to_o be_v a_o advantage_n that_o foot_n have_v above_o horse_n in_o depth_n yet_o be_v there_o other_o reason_n also_o of_o give_v depth_n to_o a_o phalange_n in_o the_o order_n whereof_o two_o consideration_n concur_v one_o of_o offence_n the_o other_o of_o defence_n the_o reach_v of_o pike_n or_o horseman_n staff_n over_o the_o front_n be_v good_a for_o offence_n that_o be_v to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n in_o the_o shock_n likewise_o the_o thrust_v on_o of_o those_o that_o come_v behind_o serve_v with_o the_o violence_n to_o make_v they_o give_v ground_n a_o reasonable_a depth_n be_v for_o defence_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o defend_v a_o phalange_n against_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o break_v it_o a_o sunder_o and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n to_o make_v it_o too_o deep_a so_o be_v it_o likewise_o a_o fault_n to_o make_v it_o too_o shallow_a too_o much_o depth_n narrow_v the_o front_n and_o give_v easy_a mean_n to_o the_o enemy_n to_o encompass_v and_o oâ—er_n front_v it_o 109._o too_o much_o shallowness_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n make_v it_o weak_a and_o ready_a to_o be_v break_v and_o dissever_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o give_v a_o passage_n through_o and_o mean_v not_o only_o to_o encompass_v the_o front_n but_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n also_o to_o assault_v it_o behind_o and_o so_o utter_o to_o defeat_v it_o so_o that_o the_o reason_n of_o leo_n reach_v not_o home_o as_o i_o say_v there_o be_v other_o cause_n of_o thicken_a a_o horse_n troop_n beside_o reach_v of_o lance_n to_o the_o front_n and_o joint_a thrust_v on_o of_o the_o horse_n come_v behind_o and_o where_o leo_n speak_v but_o of_o 4_o horse_n in_o depth_n of_o a_o troop_n polybius_n say_v plain_o that_o be_v order_v for_o fight_n they_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n 8_o in_o depth_n polybius_n a_o man_n which_o live_v in_o the_o time_n whereof_o leo_n speak_v and_o have_v be_v general_n of_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o achaean_n beside_o leo_n seem_v not_o a_o little_a to_o differ_v from_o himself_o 70._o for_o in_o his_o seven_o chapter_n he_o write_v after_o this_o manner_n if_o there_o be_v many_o horse_n that_o be_v above_o twelve_o thousand_o let_v the_o depth_n be_v of_o 10._o if_o but_o few_o let_v it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 5._o in_o square_n therefore_o i_o hold_v aelians_n proportion_n best_o to_o double_v the_o number_n of_o the_o front_n to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o flank_n and_o as_o the_o number_n of_o the_o troop_n arise_v for_o horse_n troop_n be_v not_o always_o of_o one_o number_n to_o enlarge_v the_o length_n of_o cap._n 19_o a_o rhombe_n file_v but_o not_o rank_v the_o front_n the_o rear_n cap._n 19_o a_o rhombe_n neither_o fill_n nor_o rank_v the_o front_n the_o rear_n cap._n 19_o a_o rhomb_n rank_v but_o not_o file_v the_o front_n the_o rear_n the_o front_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o flank_n proportionable_o one_o to_o another_o 6_o when_o there_o be_v as_o many_o horse_n in_o length_n as_o in_o depth_n i_o note_v before_o in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n that_o there_o be_v two_o square_n of_o equal_a side_n the_o one_o of_o number_n the_o other_o of_o figure_n which_o two_o square_n differ_v in_o this_o that_o the_o one_o make_v unequal_a side_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o equal_a the_o first_o at_o this_o day_n we_o call_v a_o square_a of_o man_n the_o other_o a_o square_a of_o ground_n when_o the_o number_n of_o the_o side_n be_v equal_a in_o length_n and_o depth_n it_o give_v but_o half_a so_o much_o ground_n in_o front_n as_o in_o flank_n each_o soldier_n if_o it_o be_v a_o foot_n battle_n occupy_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ground_n in_o front_n when_o he_o go_v to_o charge_n where_o in_o flank_n he_o must_v have_v 3_o foot_n and_o in_o a_o horse_n troop_n 3_o foot_n in_o front_n and_o double_a or_o as_o some_o say_v treble_a as_o much_o in_o flank_n and_o so_o be_v the_o side_n unequal_a the_o even_a length_n of_o flank_n and_o front_n give_v a_o like_a ground_n to_o both_o and_o make_v the_o side_n of_o the_o figure_n equal_a but_o the_o number_n of_o the_o front_n double_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o flank_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o horse_n or_o foot_n in_o foot_n because_o the_o soldier_n in_o ranke_n have_v but_o half_a so_o much_o distance_n as_o they_o have_v in_o file_n in_o rank_n a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o file_n three_o foot_n in_o horse_n because_o the_o length_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v much_o more_o than_o his_o breadth_n and_o that_o length_n be_v full_o stretch_v out_o in_o flank_n the_o breadth_n only_o in_o front_n why_o rhombe_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o use_n and_o the_o diverse_a form_n of_o they_o chap._n xix_o the_o form_n of_o the_o rhombe_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v up_o for_o the_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o for_o the_o captain_n possess_v the_o first_o place_n the_o next_o follow_v horseman_n be_v not_o to_o rank_n with_o he_o but_o to_o come_v a_o little_a after_o on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o 1_o the_o head_n of_o their_o horse_n may_v reach_v to_o his_o horse_n shoulder_n &_o on_o the_o right_n &_o left_a hand_n and_o behind_o they_o ought_v to_o keep_v good_a distance_n that_o too_o much_o throng_v and_o cluster_v together_o breed_v not_o disorder_n while_o some_o horse_n be_v by_o nature_n sullen_a fall_v a_o fling_n oftentimes_o and_o foul_a with_o other_o and_o consider_v the_o beast_n be_v somewhat_o long_o of_o body_n that_o in_o turn_v about_o he_o wound_v not_o the_o horseman_n that_o be_v in_o fight_n while_o with_o his_o heel_n he_o aim_v at_o the_o horse_n next_o unto_o he_o they_o that_o fashion_n horse_n into_o rhombe_n so_o fashion_v they_o that_o some_o rhombe_n file_v and_o rank_n some_o neither_o file_n nor_o rank_n othersome_a file_n but_o rank_n not_o other_o rank_n but_o file_v not_o every_o particular_a whereof_o stand_v thus_o they_o that_o will_v have_v 2_o a_o rhombe_n both_o file_n and_o rank_n make_v the_o great_a rank_n be_v the_o middlemost_a of_o a_o uneven_a number_n as_o of_o 11_o or_o 13_o or_o 15._o to_o which_o they_o join_v other_o rank_n before_o and_o behind_o every_o one_o contain_v two_o less_o than_o the_o former_a as_o if_o the_o great_a rank_n consist_v of_o 15_o the_o next_o rank_n on_o either_o side_n be_v to_o have_v but_o 13_o the_o next_o on_o either_o side_n of_o these_o 11._o and_o so_o every_o one_o two_o less_o till_o at_o last_o you_o come_v to_o 1._o and_o the_o whole_a troop_n be_v to_o consist_v of_o 113_o horse_n 3_o the_o half_a rhombe_n be_v call_v a_o wedge_n be_v fashion_v three_o square_a so_o that_o the_o form_n thereof_o appear_v in_o the_o rhombe_n other_o have_v form_v the_o rhombe_n
metabole_n for_o metabole_n be_v the_o conversion_n of_o every_o man_n face_n particular_o to_o the_o place_n which_o be_v behind_o his_o back_n and_o the_o same_o that_o metabole_n be_v in_o each_o several_a soldier_n the_o same_o be_v perispasmos_n or_o wheel_v about_o in_o the_o whole_a battle_n there_o be_v 4_o two_o kind_n of_o metabole_n the_o one_o from_o the_o enemy_n the_o other_o to_o the_o enemy_n metabole_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o change_n of_o every_o man_n face_n in_o particular_a from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o rear_n or_o contrariwise_o turn_v about_o from_o the_o enemy_n be_v when_o the_o soldier_n turn_v his_o face_n twice_o towards_o the_o pike_n to_o the_o enemy_n when_o he_o turn_v twice_o towards_o the_o target_n note_n four_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v set_v down_o by_o aelian_a whereby_o upon_o any_o occasion_n the_o battle_n may_v be_v somewhat_o change_v turn_v of_o face_n countermarch_n wheel_v and_o double_v whereof_o the_o first_o may_v be_v use_v in_o what_o order_n soever_o your_o battle_n stand_v the_o second_o only_o in_o open_a order_n the_o three_o â—n_n close_o order_v only_o the_o four_o either_o in_o close_a or_o open_a order_n clisis_fw-la or_o turn_v of_o face_n whereof_o this_o chapter_n intreat_v albeit_o it_o may_v be_v bring_v in_o also_o in_o open_a order_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o in_o close_a order_n and_o then_o especial_o when_o none_o of_o the_o other_o motion_n have_v place_n the_o grecian_n always_o covet_v to_o bring_v their_o file_n leader_n that_o be_v their_o best_a man_n to_o fight_v in_o open_a order_n they_o choose_v to_o countermarch_n in_o close_a order_n have_v place_n to_o wheel_v their_o battle_n about_o and_o so_o turn_v the_o face_n of_o it_o against_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o can_v do_v neither_o of_o these_o they_o come_v to_o the_o last_o remedy_n which_o be_v turn_v of_o face_n of_o every_o particular_a man_n in_o the_o battle_n 1_o clisis_fw-la or_o turn_v of_o face_n this_o motion_n be_v of_o less_o pain_n then_o any_o other_o but_o of_o no_o less_o importance_n or_o necessity_n in_o the_o rest_n the_o phalange_n change_v the_o place_n or_o the_o form_n in_o this_o it_o hold_v both_o and_o yet_o be_v ready_a for_o any_o attempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n only_o every_o soldier_n in_o particular_a turn_v his_o countenance_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o he_o be_v command_v to_o turn_v his_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n be_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n because_o that_o hand_n bear_v the_o pike_n to_o turn_v to_o the_o target_n be_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n because_o the_o macedonian_n carry_v their_o target_n on_o their_o left_a shoulder_n for_o the_o use_n of_o this_o turn_n of_o face_n aelian_n say_v it_o have_v place_n when_o the_o enemy_n show_v himself_o in_o flank_n 2_o to_o encompass_v our_o wing_n clisis_fw-la be_v no_o more_o then_o bear_v face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n that_o be_v to_o our_o wing_n when_o then_o we_o find_v our_o enemy_n to_o encompass_v our_o right_a wing_n we_o turn_v our_o face_n and_o weapon_n that_o way_n to_o receive_v he_o to_o the_o left_a when_o he_o come_v to_o charge_v we_o on_o that_o side_n if_o on_o both_o side_n then_o turn_v we_o the_o face_n of_o our_o phalange_n half_a to_o the_o right_n half_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o be_v the_o antistomus_n phalange_n whereof_o aelian_n speak_v hereafter_o brief_o there_o be_v almost_o none_o of_o the_o march_v phalanges_fw-la which_o be_v afterward_o describe_v but_o it_o have_v need_n of_o this_o motion_n beside_o if_o upon_o any_o occasion_n the_o phalange_n be_v to_o move_v from_o any_o of_o the_o flank_n you_o be_v only_o to_o command_v turn_v of_o face_n to_o that_o flank_n and_o then_o to_o lead_v on_o i_o will_v give_v a_o example_n or_o two_o 17._o alexander_n at_o arbela_n have_v imbattail_v his_o army_n to_o fight_v with_o darius_n have_v intelligence_n that_o darius_n have_v strew_v the_o ground_n betwixt_o the_o two_o army_n with_o calthrope_n he_o command_v therefore_o the_o right_a wing_n which_o himself_o lead_v to_o turn_v face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o follow_v he_o to_o the_o end_n to_o go_v round_o about_o and_o avoid_v the_o place_n that_o be_v sow_v with_o calthrope_n darius_n march_v against_o he_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n disjoin_v his_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o alexander_n take_v the_o advantage_n and_o give_v in_o quick_o betwixt_o the_o space_n put_v darius_n to_o flight_n if_o alexander_n have_v march_v on_o with_o the_o right_a front_n he_o have_v fall_v upon_o the_o calthrope_n to_o avoid_v they_o be_v use_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o motion_n and_o turn_v face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n he_o lead_v on_o until_o he_o have_v pass_v the_o danger_n and_o then_o turn_v again_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n go_v to_o charge_n and_o defeat_v the_o enemy_n an_o other_o example_n be_v in_o 634._o polybius_n who_o describe_v the_o battle_n betwixt_o machanidas_n the_o lacedaemonian_a tyrant_n and_o philopoemen_n the_o achaean_n general_n tell_v that_o machanidas_n have_v in_o the_o left_a wing_n put_v the_o achaean_n mercenary_n to_o flight_n follow_v hard_o the_o chase_n philopoemen_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v hope_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o stay_v his_o man_n when_o he_o see_v they_o utter_o defeat_v he_o haste_v to_o the_o right_a wing_n and_o perceive_v the_o enemy_n busy_a in_o chase_n and_o the_o place_n void_a where_o the_o fight_n have_v be_v command_v the_o first_o merarchy_n to_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n he_o lead_v they_o on_o with_o high_a speed_n not_o yet_o break_v the_o order_n of_o their_o imbattail_v and_o quick_o seize_v upon_o the_o forsake_a ground_n he_o both_o cut_v betwixt_o they_o that_o give_v chase_v and_o home_n and_o withal_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o upper_a ground_n against_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o arm_a whereby_o he_o obtain_v the_o victory_n if_o philopoemen_n have_v in_o this_o action_n use_v wheel_v of_o his_o battle_n which_o only_o be_v the_o other_o motion_n which_o will_v have_v serve_v his_o turn_n beside_o the_o troublesomenesse_n of_o the_o wind_a about_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v force_v to_o have_v use_v two_o wheeling_n and_o so_o fail_v of_o the_o celerity_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n requisite_a face_n be_v turn_v in_o a_o trice_n and_o he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n he_o desire_v before_o he_o can_v have_v wheel_v once_o his_o battle_n 3_o two_o turn_n of_o the_o soldier_n face_n clisis_fw-la or_o turn_v face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n consist_v of_o one_o turn_v and_o move_v no_o further_o than_o the_o side_n if_o the_o motion_n be_v to_o the_o rear_n it_o have_v two_o turn_n and_o be_v call_v metabole_n which_o be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o change_n of_o every_o man_n face_n in_o particular_a from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o rear_n or_o contrariwise_o and_o as_o wheel_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n carry_v about_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o rear_n so_o do_v metabole_n turn_v the_o face_n of_o every_o particular_a soldier_n and_o make_v he_o look_v from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o rear_n the_o word_n proper_o signify_v a_o change_n which_o happen_v herein_o when_o the_o soldier_n be_v change_v from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o rear_n or_o contrariwise_o the_o use_n of_o metabole_n be_v principal_o to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n that_o give_v on_o upon_o the_o rear_n pyrrh_n so_o pyrrhus_n be_v enter_v the_o city_n argos_n with_o a_o few_o and_o overpress_v with_o multitude_n retire_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o defend_v himself_o often_o turn_v his_o and_o his_o soldier_n face_n against_o the_o enemy_n agesilao_n so_o the_o army_n of_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a retire_n from_o the_o wall_n of_o babylon_n often_o turn_v about_o their_o face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o wait_v their_o enemy_n who_o be_v report_v to_o be_v on_o foot_n and_o ready_a to_o come_v and_o charge_v they_o and_o if_o the_o enemy_n assault_v both_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v it_o have_v be_v the_o manner_n to_o continue_v half_o the_o soldier_n in_o each_o file_n with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o command_v the_o other_o half_o to_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n against_o the_o enemy_n behind_o and_o this_o form_n be_v call_v phalanx_n amphistomos_n describe_v by_o aelian_a cap._n 38._o and_o sometime_o it_o be_v use_v to_o speed_v our_o march_n and_o prevent_v the_o enemy_n as_o be_v say_v before_o of_o clisis_fw-la d._n agesilaus_n make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o theban_n and_o find_v a_o trench_n and_o rampart_n cast_v up_o by_o the_o theban_n for_o
the_o right_a hand_n 2_o ecperispasmos_n i_o can_v never_o hitherto_o conceive_v any_o use_n of_o a_o treble_a wheel_a for_o so_o aelian_n take_v the_o word_n unless_o a_o perispasmos_n be_v first_o make_v and_o the_o battle_n have_v the_o front_n already_o bring_v to_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o a_o epistrophe_n add_v from_o the_o rear_n to_o the_o same_o hand_n otherwise_o see_v that_o one_o wheel_v be_v soon_o make_v than_o two_o and_o therefore_o soon_o than_o three_o i_o see_v no_o need_n of_o three_o wheeling_n especial_o see_v we_o may_v do_v that_o we_o desire_v with_o one_o for_o example_n let_v we_o wheel_v our_o battle_n thrice_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o front_n will_v come_v to_o be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o left_a flank_n the_o same_o will_v be_v perform_v as_o well_o with_o one_o wheel_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n et_fw-la frustra_fw-la fit_a per_fw-la plura_fw-la quod_fw-la potest_fw-la fieri_fw-la per_fw-la pauciora_fw-la especial_o in_o matter_n of_o war_n where_o the_o least_o moment_n of_o time_n often_o carry_v the_o whole_a business_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o ecperispasmos_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o use_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o wheel_a and_o double_a wheel_a be_v when_o the_o battle_n be_v close_v and_o the_o enemy_n come_v to_o assault_v you_o in_o any_o other_o one_o place_n than_o the_o front_n you_o seek_v to_o bring_v the_o best_a man_n to_o fight_v for_o if_o you_o be_v to_o be_v charge_v in_o two_o place_n at_o once_o or_o more_o wheel_a help_n little_a except_o it_o be_v to_o turn_v the_o front_n to_o one_o enemy_n and_o in_o that_o case_n your_o only_a shift_n be_v to_o turn_v face_n against_o they_o that_o come_v to_o charge_n on_o what_o side_n soever_o they_o come_v example_n of_o these_o two_o motion_n i_o mean_v epistrophe_n and_o perispasmos_n meet_v we_o almost_o in_o every_o greek_a history_n of_o which_o i_o will_v represent_v one_o or_o two_o especial_o of_o the_o latter_a the_o rather_o because_o practice_v give_v both_o light_n and_o life_n to_o precept_n pyrrh_n plutarch_n recount_v that_o after_o king_n pyrrhus_n have_v in_o vain_a assault_v sparta_n he_o be_v invite_v by_o a_o argivan_n name_v aristaeus_n to_o receive_v argos_n into_o his_o protection_n and_o that_o he_o march_v thitherward_o with_o his_o army_n arieus_fw-la the_o king_n of_o lacedemonia_fw-la lay_v ambush_n for_o he_o and_o take_v the_o principal_a straits_n by_o which_o he_o be_v to_o pass_v charge_v his_o rear_n wherein_o the_o galatian_n and_o molossian_n be_v when_o pyrrhus_n hear_v the_o bruit_n and_o noise_n he_o send_v his_o son_n ptolemy_n with_o the_o band_n of_o companion_n to_o aid_n himself_o with_o all_o speed_n march_v out_o of_o the_o straits_n lead_v on_o his_o army_n the_o medley_n be_v sharp_a about_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o choose_a lacedaemonian_n command_v by_o eualcus_n stand_v close_o to_o their_o business_n oroesus_n a_o candiot_n of_o aptera_n valiant_a of_o his_o hand_n and_o swift_a of_o foot_n run_v cross_a against_o the_o young_a prince_n give_v he_o a_o deadly_a stroke_n and_o overthrow_v he_o his_o fall_n make_v the_o rest_n to_o fly_v and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v the_o victory_n and_o follow_v the_o chase_n come_v into_o the_o champion_n ground_n still_o kill_v but_o not_o remember_v they_o be_v not_o follow_v with_o arm_a foot_n upon_o who_o pyrrhus_n have_v even_o then_o hear_v of_o and_o be_v much_o move_v with_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n wheel_v about_o the_o molossian_a horseman_n and_o himself_o first_o advance_v upon_o the_o spur_n imbrue_v himself_o with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o lacedaemonian_n he_o always_o seem_v mighty_a and_o terrible_a in_o arm_n but_o then_o he_o exceed_v himself_o in_o dare_v and_o valour_n for_o turn_v his_o horse_n upon_o eualcus_n who_o shun_v he_o shift_v a_o side_n and_o with_o all_o strike_v at_o his_o bridle_n hand_n as_o he_o pass_v by_o and_o want_v but_o little_a of_o cut_v it_o off_o but_o miss_v the_o hand_n he_o light_v upon_o the_o reins_n and_o carve_v they_o quite_o a_o sunder_o pyrrhus_n with_o all_o strike_v he_o through_o the_o body_n with_o his_o lance_n then_o leap_v from_o his_o horse_n and_o fight_v a_o foot_n he_o cut_v in_o piece_n the_o choose_v lacedaemonian_n that_o fight_v to_o recover_v the_o body_n of_o eualcus_n this_o be_v the_o fight_n that_o pyrrhus_n make_v by_o wheel_v about_o his_o horseman_n against_o the_o lacedaemonian_n that_o follow_v upon_o his_o rear_n another_o example_n of_o wheel_v about_o be_v report_v by_o polybius_n and_o it_o be_v of_o amilcar_n annibals_n father_n this_o be_v the_o history_n the_o mercenary_a soldier_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n revolt_v from_o they_o and_o overthrow_v some_o of_o their_o general_n and_o shut_v they_o up_o within_o the_o city_n of_o carthage_n possess_v both_o other_o straits_n that_o lead_v into_o the_o country_n and_o also_o a_o bridge_n lay_v over_o a_o river_n call_v macar_n which_o river_n be_v not_o passable_a but_o by_o that_o bridge_n beside_o they_o build_v a_o city_n for_o defence_n of_o that_o bridge_n amilcar_n seek_v to_o dislodge_v the_o enemy_n from_o that_o bridge_n and_o have_v no_o way_n to_o come_v at_o they_o convenient_o observe_v that_o when_o certain_a wind_n blue_a the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n towards_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o fill_v up_o with_o sand_n and_o will_v give_v passage_n sufficient_a for_o his_o army_n find_v then_o a_o fit_a time_n he_o put_v over_o his_o army_n in_o the_o night_n and_o before_o day_n or_o ere_o any_o man_n know_v of_o it_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o passage_n and_o present_o lead_v against_o they_o that_o hold_v the_o bridge_n spendius_n he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a rebel_n hear_v thereof_o advance_v to_o meet_v amilcar_n in_o the_o plain_a and_o both_o ten_o thousand_o from_o the_o city_n at_o the_o bridge_n foot_n and_o fifteen_o thousand_o more_o from_o utica_n come_v out_o one_o to_o aid_v another_o think_v to_o wrap_v in_o the_o carthaginian_n between_o they_o who_o be_v not_o above_o ten_o thousand_o soldier_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o 70_o elephant_n amilcar_n lead_v on_o his_o army_n before_o be_v the_o elephant_n the_o horse_n and_o light_v arm_v follow_v next_o the_o arm_a foot_n come_v last_o and_o perceive_v the_o enemy_n that_o follow_v his_o rear_n press_v hard_o upon_o he_o he_o command_v his_o whole_a army_n to_o turn_v about_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o vanguard_n of_o the_o march_n he_o will_v to_o return_v to_o he_o with_o speed_n the_o other_o that_o at_o first_o have_v the_o rear_n he_o wheel_v about_o and_o straight_o oppose_v against_o the_o enemy_n the_o lybian_o and_o mercenary_n imagine_v the_o carthaginian_n flee_v for_o fear_n fall_v upon_o they_o disorderly_o and_o bold_o come_v to_o hand_n but_o when_o they_o see_v the_o horseman_n be_v now_o turn_v about_o and_o come_v up_o near_o to_o the_o foot_n and_o already_o put_v in_o order_n make_v a_o stand_n they_o themselves_o by_o reason_n they_o look_v for_o nothing_o less_o fall_v into_o a_o fear_n turn_v their_o back_n flee_v present_o as_o before_o they_o give_v on_o unaduised_o and_o stragling_o and_o some_o of_o they_o fall_v upon_o their_o own_o people_n that_o be_v come_v on_o wrought_v both_o they_o and_o their_o own_o destruction_n othersome_a be_v trample_v upon_o and_o tread_v to_o death_n by_o the_o horse_n and_o elephant_n that_o follow_v the_o chase_n thus_o far_o polybius_n and_o thus_o far_o of_o wheeling_n the_o figure_n and_o word_n of_o command_n be_v reserve_v for_o the_o 32_o chapter_n where_o the_o manner_n of_o wheeling_n and_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v set_v down_o of_o file_v rank_v and_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n chap._n xxvii_o to_o file_n be_v when_o every_o particular_a man_n keep_v equal_a distance_n from_o other_o stand_v in_o his_o own_o file_n lineal_o betwixt_o the_o file-leader_n and_o bringer-up_a to_o rank_n be_v to_o be_v in_o a_o right_a line_n even_o with_o his_o sideman_n in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n 1_o to_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o the_o same_o aspect_n he_o have_v before_o the_o first_o turn_v as_o if_o his_o face_n be_v at_o first_o towards_o the_o enemy_n be_v command_v to_o turn_v towards_o the_o pike_n and_o thence_o to_o return_v to_o his_o first_o posture_n he_o be_v again_o to_o return_v his_o face_n towards_o the_o enemy_n note_n of_o file_v and_o rank_v enough_o be_v speak_v before_o 1_o to_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n this_o motion_n differ_v from_o anastrophe_n before_o specify_v for_o anastrophe_n bring_v back_o again_o the_o whole_a body_n to_o the_o first_o place_n after_o a_o wheeling_n this_o the_o soldier_n face_n
particular_o to_o the_o first_o aspect_n so_o that_o this_o be_v use_v after_o the_o make_n of_o a_o anastrophe_n for_o always_o in_o motion_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o soldier_n face_n move_v forward_o to_o move_v backward_o have_v many_o inconvenience_n of_o stumbling_n upon_o uneven_a ground_n or_o stone_n or_o pit_n or_o stubbe_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o anastrophe_n after_o a_o wheeling_n aelian_n will_v that_o the_o soldier_n turn_v their_o face_n the_o contrary_a way_n first_o then_o move_v on_o till_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o first_o ground_n then_o open_a rank_n and_o file_n and_o last_o to_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o aspect_n and_o as_o it_o differ_v from_o anastrophe_n so_o differ_v it_o likewise_o from_o metabole_n metabole_fw-la only_o turn_v face_n about_o this_o set_v the_o soldier_n in_o his_o former_a posture_n not_o only_o for_o his_o face_n but_o for_o his_o arm_n also_o which_o be_v order_v as_o at_o first_o the_o word_n wherein_o this_o motion_n be_v express_v by_o aelian_n be_v ep_n orthon_fw-mi apodounai_fw-mi and_o eye_n orthon_fw-mi apocaâ—astesai_fw-mi which_o be_v interpret_v by_o gaza_n in_o arrectum_fw-la reddere_fw-la to_o restore_v up_o right_o by_o arcerius_fw-la rectum_fw-la reddere_fw-la to_o restore_v right_a and_o so_o the_o word_n sound_v aelian_n interprete_v it_o to_o set_v again_o the_o soldier_n sight_n in_o the_o same_o aspect_n in_o which_o it_o stand_v at_o first_o as_o if_o be_v place_v with_o his_o face_n against_o the_o enemy_n he_o be_v command_v to_o turn_v his_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n and_o then_o again_o to_o restore_v his_o face_n to_o his_o first_o posture_n he_o must_v return_v and_o set_v his_o face_n against_o the_o enemy_n aelian_a therefore_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o sight_n he_o first_o have_v which_o if_o it_o be_v the_o right_a meaning_n how_o can_v it_o be_v upright_o or_o right_a more_o in_o that_o then_o in_o any_o other_o posture_n for_o the_o soldier_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o in_o flank_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n carry_v himself_o upright_o or_o right_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o upright_o stand_v of_o man_n as_o appear_v by_o sundry_a place_n of_o pausanias_n who_o reherse_v that_o minerva_n image_n set_v 43._o in_o the_o temple_n parthenion_n stand_v upright_o orthon_fw-mi esti_fw-la and_o in_o a_o other_o place_n that_o in_o corinth_n 89._o in_o the_o temple_n pantheon_n there_o be_v two_o image_n of_o mercury_n stand_v upright_o ortha_fw-mi 87._o and_o that_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o fortune_n the_o image_n of_o fortune_n be_v carve_v of_o parian_a stone_n and_o stand_v upright_a orthon_n and_o that_o in_o neptune_n temple_n situate_a in_o the_o corinthian_a isthmus_n the_o image_n of_o amphitrite_n and_o neptune_n stand_v in_o a_o chariot_n and_o the_o boy_n palemon_n upright_o upon_o a_o dolphin_n orthos_n in_o all_o which_o place_n orthos_n design_v the_o site_n of_o man_n but_o here_o as_o i_o take_v it_o can_v be_v so_o apply_v because_o in_o every_o motion_n not_o only_o in_o this_o the_o man_n stand_v upright_o how_o then_o can_v they_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o stand_n upright_o when_o they_o do_v it_o already_o i_o take_v the_o original_n of_o the_o appellation_n to_o come_v from_o another_o cause_n and_o that_o be_v from_o the_o order_n of_o the_o pike_n for_o when_o the_o battle_n be_v first_o set_v in_o the_o field_n every_o soldier_n stand_v with_o his_o pike_n order_v that_o be_v upright_o for_o to_o order_v a_o pike_n be_v to_o set_v the_o butt_n end_n on_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o soldier_n somewhat_o wide_o of_o his_o right_a foot_n and_o to_o hold_v it_o upright_o with_o the_o right_a hand_n bear_v even_o with_o the_o shoulder_n but_o when_o you_o begin_v or_o continue_v any_o motion_n the_o manner_n be_v to_o advance_v or_o to_o shoulder_v the_o pike_n and_o so_o to_o proceed_v but_o be_v command_v to_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n it_o must_v be_v order_v again_o so_o that_o the_o first_o posture_n of_o a_o arm_a man_n be_v to_o stand_v with_o his_o pike_n upright_o and_o after_o many_o motion_n and_o wind_n he_o at_o last_o return_v to_o the_o same_o posture_n which_o i_o take_v the_o command_n of_o ep'orthon_n apodounai_o to_o signify_v now_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o rely_v upon_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n alone_o i_o will_v bring_v witness_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v report_v by_o 473._o diodorus_n siculus_n that_o agesilaus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n with_o a_o army_n of_o eighteen_o thousand_o foot_n and_o fifteen_o hundred_o horse_n invade_v boeotia_n the_o athenian_n before_o hear_v of_o agesilaus_n come_v have_v send_v five_o thousand_o foot_n and_o 200_o horse_n to_o aid_v the_o theban_n who_o gather_v their_o army_n together_o seize_v upon_o a_o long_a narrow_a hill_n distant_a 20_o furlong_n from_o the_o city_n and_o make_v the_o hard_a access_n to_o the_o place_n a_o kind_n of_o fortification_n against_o the_o enemy_n they_o there_o wait_v his_o come_n fear_v to_o hazard_v upon_o even_a ground_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o renown_n and_o glory_n of_o agesilaus_n agesilaus_n have_v imbattail_v his_o troop_n lead_v they_o against_o the_o boeotian_n and_o approach_v near_o send_v his_o light_n arm_v to_o sound_v their_o disposition_n to_o fight_v which_o be_v easy_o repulse_v by_o the_o theban_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o high_a ground_n he_o advance_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n be_v imbattail_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v give_v great_a terror_n chabrias_n the_o athenian_a will_v his_o soldier_n to_o await_v the_o enemy_n contemptuous_o both_o keep_v their_o first_o array_n and_o their_o target_n at_o their_o knee_n and_o continue_v their_o pike_n upright_o order_v who_o when_o they_o joint_o as_o upon_o a_o word_n give_v do_v as_o they_o be_v command_v agesilaus_n both_o wonder_v at_o the_o good_a order_n and_o at_o the_o assure_a fashion_n of_o the_o enemy_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o strive_v with_o unequal_a ground_n and_o by_o force_v they_o to_o fight_v to_o compel_v they_o to_o be_v valiant_a whether_o they_o will_v or_o no._n hitherto_o diodor_n sicul._n of_o the_o strategem_fw-la of_o chabrias_n against_o agesilaus_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o contempt_n of_o agesilaus_n and_o all_o his_o force_n first_o in_o not_o stir_v one_o foot_n to_o meet_v the_o enemy_n then_o in_o keep_v the_o array_n they_o hold_v before_o further_a in_o sink_v their_o target_n to_o their_o knee_n last_o in_o continue_v the_o former_a order_n of_o their_o pike_n that_o be_v not_o make_v readyto_o charge_v but_o remain_v with_o their_o pike_n order_v as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o agesilaus_n advance_v his_o army_n think_v to_o strike_v a_o fear_n into_o his_o enemy_n chabrias_n trust_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n scorn_v the_o brovado_n of_o agesilaus_n conceive_v he_o will_v not_o be_v so_o hardy_a to_o adventure_v the_o fight_n upon_o so_o great_a a_o inequality_n of_o ground_n he_o therefore_o will_v the_o cap_n 28_o the_o macedoman_n countermache_n by_o file_n the_o rear_v the_o front_n of_o the_o first_o stand_v the_o countermarche_n in_o action_n the_o file_n leader_n with_o their_o face_n about_o stand_v firm_a the_o bringer_n up_o dismarch_v the_o front_n after_o countermarche_v the_o ground_n take_v before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n cap_n 29_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarche_n the_o countermarche_n in_o action_n the_o fileleader_n advance_v in_o countermarche_n the_o bringer_n up_o stand_v firm_a with_o the_o their_o face_n turn_v about_o the_o front_n after_o countermarche_v the_o ground_n take_v beyond_o the_o reareof_o the_o phalange_n cap_n 20_o the_o chorean_a countermarche_n the_o front_n in_o the_o first_o stand_v the_o bringer_n up_o move_v the_o fileleader_n dismarch_v the_o front_n after_o countermarche_v cap._n 20._o countermarche_v by_o rank_n the_o countermarche_n in_o action_n dyer_n not_o to_o alter_v their_o posture_n but_o to_o continue_v as_o they_o be_v the_o word_n concern_v the_o pike_n be_v en_fw-fr ortho_fw-mi to_o dorati_fw-la menein_fw-la that_o be_v to_o continue_v their_o pike_n upright_a en_fw-fr ortho_fw-la now_o whether_o the_o same_o be_v the_o posture_n that_o the_o tactic_n describe_v when_o they_o speak_v or_o restore_a ep_n '_n ortho_fw-mi upright_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o reader_n a_o poliaenus_n agesilao_n remember_v this_o stratagem_n use_v somewhat_o different_a word_n and_o yet_o consent_v in_o meaning_n chabrias_n say_v he_o command_v his_o soldier_n not_o to_o run_v out_o against_o the_o enemy_n but_o quiet_o to_o stand_v still_o hold_v their_o pike_n before_o upright_o and_o their_o target_n before_o their_o knee_n which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v when_o they_o will_v a_o little_a ease_n
fault_n to_o be_v in_o the_o number_n of_o 9_o and_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v 8_o or_o 10._o to_o extend_v a_o phalange_n be_v to_o draw_v it_o out_o in_o length_n the_o length_n be_v the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o point_n of_o both_o wing_n when_o he_o say_v he_o extend_v it_o to_o 10_o the_o meaning_n be_v he_o draw_v it_o out_o so_o far_o in_o length_n that_o he_o leave_v but_o 10_o in_o depth_n ten_o be_v the_o decas_fw-la whereof_o i_o speak_v before_o and_o i_o have_v likewise_o note_v that_o the_o lacedaemonian_n for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v the_o depth_n of_o their_o battle_n 8._o the_o number_n of_o 9_o as_o all_o other_o uneven_a number_n be_v reject_v by_o the_o tactic_n as_o unfit_a for_o doubling_n so_o that_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o xenophon_n at_o the_o first_o write_v 8_o or_o 10_o not_o 9_o or_o 10_o howsoever_o 9_o be_v creep_v into_o the_o place_n of_o 8._o but_o to_o return_v to_o agesilaus_n admit_v he_o use_v double_v of_o rank_n or_o of_o the_o front_n in_o retire_v out_o of_o the_o mantinaean_a straits_n yet_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v have_v be_v the_o fit_a motion_n for_o that_o purpose_n for_o himself_o be_v thereby_o cast_v in_o the_o rear_n he_o have_v both_o prevent_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o he_o fear_v and_o yet_o wound_n better_a out_o of_o the_o straits_n the_o long_a hearse_n which_o still_o remain_v in_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v be_v more_o proportionable_a to_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o narrow_a place_n than_o a_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o double_v the_o front_n 3_o the_o persian_a be_v the_o cretan_a or_o choraean_a this_o countermarch_v be_v call_v the_o persian_a and_o cretan_a because_o it_o be_v use_v among_o the_o persian_n and_o cretan_n and_o it_o be_v term_v the_o choraean_a also_o of_o the_o similitude_n it_o have_v with_o the_o solemn_a grecian_a dance_n upon_o stage_n the_o company_n that_o show_v themselves_o in_o such_o dance_n be_v call_v chorus_n who_o in_o their_o dance_n order_v themselves_o into_o file_n and_o rank_n as_o soldier_n do_v in_o battle_n and_o move_v forward_o to_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o stage_n when_o be_v straighten_v by_o the_o place_n they_o can_v pass_v no_o further_o they_o retire_v one_o through_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o other_o exceed_v not_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o place_n as_o be_v do_v in_o this_o countermarch_v the_o other_o two_o kind_n of_o countermarch_v change_v the_o ground_n they_o have_v before_o the_o macedonian_a take_v the_o ground_n before_o the_o front_n the_o lacedaemonian_a the_o ground_n after_o the_o rear_n the_o choraean_a hold_v the_o same_o ground_n &_o begin_v the_o motion_n with_o the_o fileleader_n who_o notwithstanding_o proceed_v no_o further_o then_o thither_o where_o the_o bringers-up_a stand_v their_o file_n follow_v they_o &_o every_o soldier_n keep_v the_o same_o distance_n he_o have_v before_o the_o move_n the_o figure_n show_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o e._n these_o countermarche_n by_o file_n be_v to_o be_v make_v when_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o come_v to_o charge_v us._n and_o they_o be_v make_v to_o the_o end_n to_o bring_v our_o best_a man_n that_o be_v the_o fileleader_n to_o the_o encounter_n wherein_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o caution_n to_o be_v hold_v that_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v very_o near_o or_o so_o near_o that_o we_o can_v convenient_o countermarch_n 39_o before_o he_o come_v up_o to_o we_o we_o forbear_v lest_o we_o fall_v into_o disorder_n and_o in_o disorder_n be_v easy_o defeat_v in_o which_o case_n the_o best_a remedy_n be_v to_o turn_v face_n about_o and_o so_o receive_v he_o hitherto_o of_o countermarche_n by_o file_n 4_o countermarche_n by_o rank_n be_v make_v the_o end_n of_o countermarche_n by_o rank_n be_v two_o in_o aelian_n one_o to_o strengthen_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o to_o strengthen_v the_o wing_n if_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o enemy_n battle_n lie_v most_o in_o the_o midst_n reason_n of_o war_n will_v that_o we_o shall_v oppose_v our_o great_a strength_n against_o the_o midst_n if_o in_o the_o wing_n against_o the_o wing_n there_o be_v a_o other_o cause_n of_o strengthen_v the_o wing_n namely_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v ready_a to_o charge_n either_o of_o they_o and_o this_o strength_n aelian_n will_v have_v give_v by_o the_o countermarch_v of_o our_o best_a man_n into_o the_o wing_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v from_o the_o purpose_n to_o make_v all_o plain_a by_o a_o example_n or_o two_o aristide_n herodotus_n report_v that_o before_o the_o battle_n of_o plataea_n betwixt_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o persian_n it_o be_v agree_v betwixt_o the_o athenian_n and_o lacedaemonian_n that_o where_o the_o athenian_n have_v vanquish_v the_o persian_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o marathon_n and_o have_v late_o slay_v masistius_n the_o general_n of_o the_o persian_a horse_n and_o by_o those_o encounter_n have_v good_a experience_n of_o the_o persian_a manner_n of_o fight_n and_o where_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v imbattail_v in_o the_o right_a wing_n against_o the_o persian_n the_o athenian_n in_o the_o left_a wing_n against_o the_o theban_n and_o other_o grecian_n that_o take_v part_n with_o the_o persian_n they_o shall_v change_v and_o the_o athenian_n have_v the_o right_a wing_n the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o left_a these_o news_n be_v carry_v to_o mardonius_n the_o general_n of_o the_o persian_n who_o whither_o fear_v the_o athenian_n or_o desirous_a to_o fight_v with_o the_o lacedaemonian_n change_v his_o place_n from_o the_o left_a into_o his_o right_a wing_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o oppose_v against_o they_o which_o when_o pausanias_n see_v he_o return_v to_o his_o right_a wing_n and_o mardonius_n to_o his_o left_a the_o place_n which_o he_o have_v at_o the_o beginning_n here_o be_v change_v wing_n on_o both_o part_n the_o one_o covet_v to_o fight_v in_o the_o left_a wing_n the_o other_o desirous_a to_o fight_v in_o the_o right_n the_o countermarch_v by_o rank_n from_o the_o right_a wing_n will_v have_v fit_v pausanias_n as_o the_o contrary_n countermarch_v will_v have_v fit_v mardonius_n yet_o be_o i_o lead_v to_o think_v that_o pausanias_n use_v a_o wheel_a of_o his_o battle_n and_o so_o convey_v it_o from_o one_o wing_n to_o a_o other_o behind_o the_o battle_n of_o the_o other_o grecian_n to_o the_o end_n that_o be_v shadow_v by_o they_o he_o may_v the_o better_o hide_v his_o purpose_n from_o mardonius_n an_o other_o example_n i_o find_v in_o livy_n and_o polybius_n both_o it_o be_v this_o b._n publius_n scipio_n who_o be_v afterward_o call_v africanus_n and_o asdrubal_n the_o son_n of_o gisgo_n be_v encamp_v near_o together_o in_o spain_n bring_v daily_o out_o of_o their_o camp_n their_o army_n one_o against_o a_o other_o and_o after_o they_o have_v long_o stand_v wait_v who_o shall_v begin_v the_o fight_n which_o be_v do_v at_o neither_o hand_n they_o convey_v they_o back_o again_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o imbattail_v be_v this_o the_o roman_n and_o likewise_o the_o carthaginian_n mingle_v with_o the_o african_n have_v the_o middle_n their_o confederate_n the_o wing_n the_o opinion_n be_v they_o shall_v fight_v in_o that_o order_n scipio_n when_o he_o perceive_v this_o to_o be_v firm_o believe_v the_o day_n before_o he_o mean_v to_o fight_v make_v a_o alteration_n of_o all_o when_o night_n come_v he_o give_v the_o word_n through_o the_o whole_a camp_n that_o horse_n and_o man_n shall_v dine_v before_o it_o be_v light_a day_n and_o that_o the_o horseman_n in_o arm_n shall_v keep_v their_o horse_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v the_o day_n be_v scarce_o sprunge_v when_o he_o send_v his_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n to_o beat_v in_o the_o carthaginean_a guard_n himself_o straight_o follow_v with_o the_o arm_a legion_n dispose_v the_o roman_n contrary_a to_o the_o settle_a opinion_n of_o his_o own_o people_n and_o of_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o wing_n and_o receive_v the_o ally_n into_o the_o midst_n asdrubal_n raise_v out_o of_o his_o bed_n with_o the_o cry_n of_o his_o horseman_n have_v no_o soon_o leap_v out_o of_o his_o tent_n and_o see_v the_o tumult_n before_o the_o trench_n of_o his_o camp_n and_o the_o amazednes_n of_o his_o people_n and_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o legion_n shine_v a_o far_o of_o and_o the_o field_n full_a of_o enemy_n present_o send_v out_o his_o whole_a power_n of_o horse_n to_o undertake_v the_o roman_a horse_n himself_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n with_o his_o foot_n not_o change_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o wont_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v the_o fight_n of_o the_o horseman_n have_v now_o a_o long_a time_n be_v doubtful_a and_o can_v not_o be_v try_v because_o still_o as_o they_o be_v beat_v which_o
sleeve_v they_o upon_o one_o side_n which_o you_o will_v may_v be_v use_v without_o danger_n as_o well_o when_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_o as_o when_o the_o fight_n be_v in_o as_o much_o as_o they_o disturb_v not_o the_o battle_n but_o advance_v fresh_a aide_n against_o the_o enemy_n on_o the_o flank_n of_o it_o 6_o by_o insert_v the_o second_o file_n there_o be_v two_o manner_n of_o doubling_n of_o the_o depth_n or_o of_o file_n one_o in_o number_n the_o other_o in_o place_n in_o number_n when_o one_o file_n be_v insert_v into_o another_o the_o leader_n or_o first_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n stand_v behind_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o the_o second_o behind_o the_o second_o the_o three_o behind_o the_o three_o and_o so_o forth_o of_o the_o rest_n or_o when_o the_o even_a file_n countermarch_n and_o their_o leader_n place_v themselves_o behind_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o odd_a their_o file_n follow_v they_o or_o which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o the_o file_n be_v whole_a they_o divide_v themselves_o into_o two_o part_n in_o the_o front_n and_o half_a countermarch_n and_o place_n themselves_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o other_o file_n to_o file_v albeit_o the_o two_o last_o be_v doubling_n both_o in_o number_n and_o place_n and_o not_o in_o place_n alone_o the_o true_a double_v of_o the_o place_n alone_o be_v not_o aelian_a the_o insertion_n whereof_o i_o speak_v remedi_v this_o defect_n also_o there_o it_o be_v say_v that_o when_o 16_o man_n that_o be_v a_o file_n be_v so_o extend_v that_o they_o possess_v as_o much_o length_n as_o 32_o shall_v do_v that_o be_v as_o 2_o file_n it_o be_v double_v of_o place_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o change_v of_o the_o soldier_n order_n into_o open_a order_n for_o in_o their_o order_n they_o have_v 48_o foot_n in_o depth_n in_o their_o open_a order_n 96_o foot_n in_o depth_n in_o this_o double_v of_o depth_n we_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o we_o make_v not_o the_o front_n of_o our_o army_n to_o narrow_a lest_o we_o give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o enemy_n to_o encircle_v and_o encompass_v it_o polybius_n note_v this_o a_o great_a faulâ—_n in_o marcus_n atilius_n regulus_n at_o such_o time_n as_o he_o fight_v with_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o be_v take_v prisoner_n his_o word_n have_v this_o effect_n k_o the_o roman_n see_v the_o enemy_n order_v 1._o his_o battle_n march_v out_o against_o he_o fuâ—l_o of_o courage_n be_v notwithstanding_o somewhat_o appall_v at_o and_o foresee_v the_o elephant_n violence_n in_o come_v on_o they_o set_v their_o darter_n before_o and_o place_v many_o maniple_n of_o arm_v behind_o one_o after_o a_o other_o and_o divide_v the_o horse_n half_a into_o one_o wing_n half_a into_o the_o other_o then_o make_v the_o whole_a battle_n short_a but_o deep_a than_o they_o be_v wont_a they_o provide_v well_o against_o the_o elephant_n but_o not_o against_o the_o horse_n that_o far_o exceed_v they_o in_o number_n be_v now_o come_v to_o hand_n the_o roman_a horse_n overpress_v with_o multitude_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n quick_o flee_v from_o either_o wing_n but_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o left_a wing_n partly_o avoid_v the_o elephant_n partly_o contemn_v the_o mercenary_n fall_v on_o and_o charge_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o put_v it_o to_o flight_n follow_v hard_o and_o give_v chase_v even_o to_o the_o trench_n but_o of_o those_o that_o be_v place_v against_o the_o elephant_n the_o first_o sink_v under_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o beast_n perish_v be_v overturn_v and_o tread_v to_o death_n by_o heap_n the_o body_n of_o the_o battle_n remain_v a_o while_n unbroken_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o they_o that_o be_v after_o place_v but_o when_o the_o rear_n of_o all_o encompass_v by_o the_o horse_n be_v force_v to_o turn_v about_o and_o fight_v with_o they_o and_o the_o other_o that_o have_v by_o force_n make_v way_n through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o be_v now_o behind_o their_o back_n come_v up_o to_o the_o fresh_a phalange_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n stand_v in_o good_a order_n they_o be_v by_o they_o slay_v thus_o fortune_n be_v contrary_a on_o all_o side_n the_o roman_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v tread_v to_o death_n by_o the_o excessive_a might_n of_o the_o beast_n and_o the_o rest_n die_v with_o the_o dart_n of_o the_o horseman_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o fight_v the_o error_n of_o attilius_n regulus_n be_v in_o order_v his_o battle_n too_o deep_a by_o mean_n whereof_o it_o be_v easy_o encompass_v and_o distress_a by_o the_o carthaginian_a horse_n b._n appian_n likewise_o blame_v antiochus_n for_o order_v his_o phalange_n 32_o man_n in_o depth_n where_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n ought_v to_o but_o 16_o deep_a show_v that_o by_o that_o oversight_n it_o be_v encompass_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o overthrow_v i_o have_v touch_v the_o history_n in_o my_o note_n before_o many_o other_o example_n may_v be_v allege_v but_o these_o two_o be_v sufficient_a for_o our_o purpose_n the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o double_v of_o the_o length_n by_o number_n middle_a man_n double_v your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n by_o this_o command_n the_o middle_a man_n with_o their_o half_a file_n march_v up_o to_o the_o front_n in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o file_n and_o stand_v even_o with_o the_o fileleader_n and_o the_o rest_n even_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n double_v of_o the_o length_n in_o place_n stand_v in_o your_o open_a order_n one_o half_n open_v their_o file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a and_o stand_v six_o foot_n one_o from_o another_o double_v of_o the_o depth_n in_o number_n double_o your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o even_a file_n fall_v into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o odd_a file_n double_o your_o file_n by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o even_a file_n countermarch_n and_o fall_v behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o odd_a and_o place_n themselves_o lineal_o after_o they_o observe_v their_o first_o distance_n divide_v your_o file_n and_o double_v they_o by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n half_n the_o file_n divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o other_o half_a and_o countermarch_n out_o behind_o the_o rear_n then_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o place_n behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o stand_a file_n which_o remove_v not_o then_o march_v on_o and_o place_n themselves_o orderly_o behind_o they_o file_n to_o file_v then_o turn_v their_o face_n as_o at_o first_o double_v the_o depth_n in_o place_n rank_n open_v behind_o to_o your_o open_a order_n the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n the_o deep_a phalange_n or_o hearse_n and_o the_o uneven-fronted_n phalange_n chap._n xxx_o plagiophalanx_n or_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n be_v that_o which_o have_v the_o length_n much_o exceed_v the_o depth_n orthiophalanx_n or_o the_o deep_a phalange_n common_o call_v the_o hearse_n be_v that_o which_o procee_v by_o wing_n have_v the_o depth_n much_o exceed_v the_o length_n in_o general_a speech_n every_o thing_n be_v call_v parameke_n which_o have_v length_n more_o than_o the_o depth_n and_o that_o which_o have_v the_o depth_n more_o than_o the_o length_n orthion_n and_o so_o likewise_o a_o phalange_n the_o phalange_n loxe_n or_o uneven_a front_a be_v that_o which_o put_v forth_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v think_v fit_a towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o with_o it_o beginning_n the_o fight_n hold_v off_o the_o other_o in_o a_o convenient_a distance_n till_o opportunity_n be_v to_o advance_v of_o parembole_n protaxis_fw-la epitaxis_fw-la prostaxis_fw-la eutaxis_fw-la &_o hypotaxis_fw-la chap._n xxxi_o parembole_n or_o insertion_n be_v when_o place_v soldier_n before_o we_o take_v off_o the_o hindmost_a and_o rank_n they_o within_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o first_o protaxis_fw-la or_o fore-fronting_a be_v when_o we_o place_v the_o lightarmed_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o arm_a and_o make_v they_o forestander_n as_o the_o fileleader_n be_v when_o we_o place_v the_o lightarmed_n behind_o it_o be_v call_v epitaxis_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o after-placing_a prostaxis_fw-la or_o adjoin_v be_v when_o to_o both_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o to_o one_o flank_n some_o part_n of_o the_o hindmost_a be_v add_v the_o front_n of_o they_o that_o be_v add_v lie_v even_o with_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n such_o addition_n be_v call_v prostaxis_fw-la entaxis_fw-la or_o insition_n be_v when_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o set_v the_o lightarmed_n within_o the_o space_n of_o the_o file_n of_o the_o phalange_n man_n to_o man_n hypotaxis_fw-la or_o double-winging_a be_v when_o you_o bestow_v the_o lightarmed_n under_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n place_v they_o in_o a_o embow_v form_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a figure_n resemble_v a_o
l_o 37_o after_n himself_o with_o insert_v in_o p._n 88_o l._n 39_o fight_v seek_v p._n 90._o l._n 41._o they_o those_o p_o 91._o l._n 30._o twenty_o six_o sixteen_o pag._n â—2_n l._n 29._o after_o 1024_o man_n insert_v two_o systremmâ—s_n a_o epinenâ—gy_n of_o 204â—_n man_n p._n 96_o l._n 44._o after_o flank_n insert_v and_o front_n p_o 98._o l._n 37._o after_o ambâ—shes_n be_v insert_v or_o may_v be_v p._n 99_o l._n 18._o for_o flight_n flight_n p._n 112._o l._n 44._o neaâ—er_n near_o p._n 114._o lin_v 23._o read_v episyzygy_n harmatarchy_n p._n 115._o l._n 34._o great_a great_a p._n 122._o l._n 4._o lacedaemon_n lin_v 21._o a_o comma_n after_o cut_v it_o of_o another_o comma_n after_o a_o sunder_o p._n 124._o l._n 19_o after_o proceed_v put_v out_o but._n p._n 130._o l._n 28._o for_o and_o but._n p._n 135._o lin_v middle_a middleman_n pag._n 136_o l._n 4._o after_o particular_a insert_v be_v lin_v 20._o after_o doubling_n insert_v which_o p._n 138_o l_o 15._o read_v entaxis_fw-la the_o folio_n be_v false_a pag_n 138._o 139._o pag._n 142._o l._n 19_o for_o chap._n 24._o read_v 34._o pag._n 153._o l._n 23._o after_o rapier_n insert_v for_o offence_n pag._n 154._o l._n 6._o after_o 6_o add_v foot_n lin_v 3â—_n after_o thus_o insert_v it_o pag._n 155._o lin_v 1._o after_o right_a insert_v hand_n the_o content_n of_o the_o note_n chap._n ii_o of_o arm_n in_o general_n pag._n 12._o defensive_a arm_n of_o old_a time_n pag._n ibid._n offensive_a arm_n pag._n ibid._n strength_n of_o arm_n therein_o of_o the_o matter_n pag._n 13._o fitness_n for_o the_o body_n pag._n 15._o fitness_n for_o the_o field_n pag._n 15._o comeliness_n pag._n 17._o three_o kind_n of_o footman_n pag._n 19_o 1._o arm_n of_o the_o arm_a pag._n 20._o the_o form_n of_o the_o macedonian_a target_n pag._n 20._o the_o matter_n pag._n 21._o the_o macedonian_a pike_n pag._n 23._o the_o wood_n it_o be_v make_v of_o pag._n ibid._n target_n and_o pike_n both_o use_v together_o pag._n ibid._n how_o the_o target_n be_v carry_v pag._n 22._o 2._o the_o lightarmed_n and_o their_o appellation_n pag._n 24._o 1._o arrow_n and_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v archer_n pag._n 25._o the_o estimation_n of_o archer_n of_o ancient_a time_n pag._n ibid._n that_o good_a service_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o our_o bow_n even_o at_o this_o day_n pag._n ibid._n 2._o dart_n and_o the_o diverse_a name_n give_v they_o pag._n 27._o the_o matter_n fashion_n and_o force_v of_o dart_n pag._n 28._o 3._o slinger_n pag._n 29._o the_o best_a slinger_n pag._n ibid._n how_o far_o a_o sling_n will_v reach_v pag._n ibid._n 3._o targeteer_n pag._n 30._o the_o form_n of_o their_o target_n pag._n ibid._n their_o pike_n pag._n ibid._n their_o other_o arm_n pag._n ibid._n the_o hypaspists_n in_o the_o history_n of_o alexander_n pag._n ibid._n horseman_n pag._n 32._o cataphractes_fw-la pag._n ibid._n their_o and_o their_o horse_n armour_n pag._n ibid._n their_o lance_n pag._n 33._o their_o manner_n in_o charge_v pag._n ibid._n lancier_n pag._n ibid._n their_o and_o their_o horse_n armour_n tarentines_n pag._n 35._o their_o arm_n and_o manner_n of_o fight_n pag._n ibid._n archer_n on_o horseback_n pag._n 36._o chap._n iii_o levy_n of_o soldier_n pag._n 37._o consideration_n in_o levy_n pag._n ibid._n what_o number_n pag._n ibid._n the_o head_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n pag._n 38._o the_o effect_n of_o exercise_n in_o soldier_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n iu._n file_n and_o the_o diverse_a signification_n of_o lochos_n a_o file_n pag._n 40._o the_o number_n of_o aelians_n file_n pag._n ibid._n other_o file_n more_o or_o less_o pag._n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o aelians_n number_n in_o a_o file_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n v._n dispose_v of_o file_n pag._n 42._o the_o best_a man_n the_o leader_n and_o why_o pag._n ibid._n the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o grecian_n in_o bring_v their_o best_a man_n to_o fight_v pag._n 43._o a_o enomoty_n pag._n 44._o the_o place_n of_o enomotarchs_n pag._n ibid._n the_o dimeritt_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o half_a file_n pag._n 45._o the_o worth_n of_o the_o file-leader_n pag._n ibid._n leo_n his_o dispose_n of_o a_o file_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n vii_o a_o phalange_n pag._n 48._o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n pag._n ibid._n the_o phalange_n not_o always_o of_o one_o number_n pag._n ibid._n the_o inventor_n of_o the_o phalange_n pag._n 49._o the_o length_n of_o it_o pag._n ibid._n the_o depth_n pag._n ibid._n the_o thickness_n pag._n ibid._n the_o breadth_n pag._n 50._o the_o wing_n pag._n ibid._n the_o middle_a section_n pag._n ibid._n whether_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o than_o one_o section_n pag._n ibid._n the_o place_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n pag._n 53._o the_o place_n of_o the_o horse_n pag._n 55._o in_o the_o wing_n pag._n 56._o in_o the_o rear_n pag._n 57_o in_o the_o front_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n viii_o what_o motion_n transfigure_v the_o phalange_n into_o another_o shape_n pag._n 59_o the_o number_n fit_a for_o motion_n of_o the_o phalange_n pag._n 60._o the_o number_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n pag._n 61._o the_o number_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n of_o horse_n the_o number_n chap._n ix_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o phalange_n pag._n 65._o the_o number_n of_o they_o pag._n ibid._n the_o double_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n tetrarchy_n pag._n ibid._n the_o manifold_a signification_n of_o taxis_fw-la pag._n ibid._n and_o of_o syntagma_n pag._n 66._o the_o officer_n of_o the_o syntagma_n pag._n 67._o the_o ensign_n pag._n ibid._n the_o beginning_n of_o ensign_n pag._n ibid._n why_o they_o be_v bear_v pag._n ibid._n the_o form_n of_o the_o ensign_n pag._n 68_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o ensign_n pag._n ibid._n the_o place_n of_o the_o ensign-bearer_n in_o fight_n pag._n 60._o the_o trumpet_n and_o use_v thereof_o among_o foot_n pag._n 70._o it_o be_v the_o signal_n instrument_n of_o the_o grecian_n pag._n ibid._n the_o drum_n pag._n ibid._n how_o it_o come_v into_o europe_n pag._n ibid._n the_o lacedaemonian_n use_v both_o flute_n and_o trumpet_z pag._n 71._o the_o place_n of_o the_o trumpet_n in_o battle_n pag._n ibid._n a_o sergeant_n duty_n pag._n ibid._n quality_n requisite_a in_o a_o sergeant_n pag._n ibid._n his_o dignity_n pag._n ibid._n his_o place_n in_o fight_n pag._n ibid._n a_o crier_n office_n pag._n ibid._n his_o place_n in_o fight_n pag._n 72._o the_o tetragonall_a form_n of_o a_o syntagma_n pag._n 73._o the_o number_n of_o the_o chiliarchy_n pag._n ibid._n the_o roman_a tribuneship_n and_o it_o differ_v pag._n ibid._n our_o colonel_n come_v near_o the_o chiliarch_n pag._n ibid._n whether_o it_o be_v first_o institute_v by_o alexander_n at_o babylon_n pag._n ibid._n the_o persian_a chiliarch_n pag._n 74._o the_o merarchy_n pag._n ibid._n the_o phalangarchy_n pag._n ibid._n the_o body_n military_a of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n pag._n 75._o of_o the_o athenian_n pag._n ibid._n of_o cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n pag._n ibid._n of_o vrbicius_n pag._n ibid._n of_o julius_n pollux_n pag._n ibid._n the_o number_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o aelians_n phalange_n pag._n 76._o chap._n x._o the_o place_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o phalange_n all_o the_o commander_n in_o front_n pag._n 77._o alternative_a commander_n pag._n ibid._n the_o place_n of_o the_o general_n pag._n ibid._n of_o the_o phalangarche_n pag._n ibid._n of_o the_o merarche_n pag._n 78._o of_o the_o rest_n pag._n 79._o chap._n xi_o distance_n pag._n 80._o open_v order_n pag._n ibid._n order_n pag._n 81._o close_o order_n pag._n ibid._n the_o ground_n a_o phalange_n possess_v in_o each_o order_n pag._n 82._o chap._n xii_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o macedonian_a target_n pag._n 83._o the_o hollowness_n pag._n ibid._n the_o breadth_n pag._n ibid._n the_o length_n of_o the_o short_a pike_n pag._n ibid._n advantage_n of_o long_a pike_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n xiiii_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n pag._n 85_o the_o conquest_n of_o king_n philip_n and_o alexander_n his_o son_n pag._n ibid._n battle_n wherein_o the_o roman_n beat_v the_o macedonian_n pag._n 86._o proof_n of_o the_o macedonian_a imbattail_v against_o the_o roman_n pag._n 87._o distance_n betwixt_o soldior_fw-la and_o soldior_fw-la in_o fight_n pag._n 89._o how_o much_o of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o pike_n be_v lose_v in_o charge_v pag._n 90._o how_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o six_o rank_n and_o the_o other_o after_o they_o be_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o fight_n pag._n ibid._n the_o pike_n of_o the_o rear_n long_o than_o those_o in_o front_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n xv._n the_o place_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n pag._n 91._o the_o place_n of_o targeteer_n pag._n 92._o the_o file_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n xvi_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n pag._n ibid._n the_o cause_n of_o impropriety_n of_o name_n pag._n ibid._n the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o name_n
after_o another_o and_o place_n yourselves_o at_o your_o distance_n after_o your_o leader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o so_o stand_v for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n the_o first_o manner_n bringers-up_a turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o beginning_n at_o they_o that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o bringers-up_a countermarch_n and_o place_n yourselves_o in_o your_o distance_n before_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o one_o before_o a_o other_o till_o the_o fileleader_n be_v first_o the_o second_o manner_n fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o let_v every_o man_n file_n follow_v he_o and_o keep_v true_a distance_n for_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_n by_o file_n fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o stand_v and_o let_v your_o file_n follow_v you_o keep_v their_o distance_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_n turn_v your_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n the_o rest_n of_o each_o rank_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o orderly_o behind_o your_o sideman_n keep_v your_o distance_n cap_n 29_o dobling_n of_o rank_n the_o front_n before_o dobling_n of_o rank_n dobling_n of_o rank_n in_o action_n the_o front_n after_o dobling_n of_o rank_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o first_o manner_n the_o corner_n file_n where_o the_o enemy_n appear_v turn_v your_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n of_o each_o rank_n turn_v your_o face_n and_o pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o sideman_n orderly_o keep_v your_o distance_n the_o second_o manner_n the_o right_a or_o left_a wing_n where_o the_o enemy_n appear_v not_o countermarch_n to_o the_o contrary_a wing_n and_o all_o in_o the_o rank_n follow_v every_o man_n his_o side-man_n keep_v your_o distance_n for_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o uttermost_a corner_n file_v of_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v wing_n countermarch_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o left_a or_o right_a wing_n and_o stand_v and_o the_o rest_n follow_v ranke-wise_a keep_v their_o distance_n of_o double_v and_o the_o kind_n thereof_o chap._n xxix_o 1_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v one_o of_o rank_n the_o other_o of_o depth_n or_o file_n and_o 2_o either_o of_o these_o double_a the_o number_n or_o the_o place_n 3_o the_o length_n be_v double_v in_o number_n when_o of_o a_o front_n of_o 124_o file_n we_o make_v a_o front_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n of_o 248_o file_n by_o insert_v in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o file_n and_o file_n some_o of_o the_o follower_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o depth_n this_o be_v do_v to_o the_o end_n to_o thicken_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o we_o lift_v to_o recall_v they_o to_o their_o first_o posture_n we_o be_v to_o command_v those_o that_o be_v insert_v to_o countermarch_n to_o the_o place_n they_o have_v before_o 4_o there_o be_v that_o mislike_v these_o doubling_n especial_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o will_v have_v a_o show_n of_o double_v make_v without_o indeed_o double_v the_o phalange_n already_o order_v by_o stretch_v out_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o the_o horse_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o battle_n 5_o the_o use_n of_o double_v the_o length_n be_v when_o either_o we_o will_v over-wing_n the_o enemy_n or_o else_o ourselves_o fear_v to_o be_v over-winged_n the_o depth_n be_v double_v 6_o by_o insert_v the_o second_o file_n into_o the_o first_o so_o that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v place_v next_o behind_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v the_o four_o man_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o three_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v the_o six_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o forth_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o whole_a second_o file_n be_v ingross_v into_o the_o first_o and_o likewise_o the_o four_o file_n into_o the_o three_o and_o all_o the_o even_a file_n into_o the_o odd_a doubâ—ing_v of_o the_o depth_n by_o countermarch_v be_v make_v either_o when_o the_o next_o side-file_n in_o several_a as_o in_o the_o former_a example_n the_o second_o and_o the_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o even_a file_n countermarch_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o place_n themselves_o behind_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o odd_a file_n or_o else_o the_o file_n remain_v in_o their_o first_o place_n and_o number_n half_a of_o they_o divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o other_o half_a countermarch_n likewise_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o convey_v themselves_o behind_o the_o other_o there_o order_n themselves_o and_o so_o double_a the_o depth_n of_o the_o phalange_n if_o we_o will_v return_v they_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n we_o must_v recall_v those_o that_o be_v convey_v to_o stand_v behind_o to_o the_o place_n they_o have_v before_o the_o countermarch_v note_n the_o former_a three_o motion_n alter_v not_o the_o form_n of_o the_o phalange_n for_o whether_o you_o turn_v face_n wheel_a or_o countermarch_v the_o phalange_n the_o depth_n and_o length_n remain_v one_o the_o motion_n to_o be_v express_v in_o this_o chapter_n induce_v a_o other_o shape_n to_o the_o phalange_n and_o make_v it_o seem_v a_o different_a body_n from_o that_o it_o be_v before_o be_v by_o double_v extend_v either_o in_o length_n or_o in_o depth_n for_o double_v the_o number_n of_o man_n or_o the_o place_n of_o the_o phalange_n in_o front_n make_v the_o length_n twice_o as_o much_o and_o double_v the_o same_o in_o flank_n make_v the_o depth_n double_a to_o that_o it_o be_v before_o for_o double_v be_v nothing_o else_o then_o make_v a_o military_a body_n twice_o as_o long_o or_o twice_o as_o deep_o as_o it_o be_v before_o 1_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v the_o doubling_n be_v either_o of_o length_n or_o depth_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o dipâ—asiasai_n suidas_n say_v of_o rank_n or_o file_n for_o rank_n stretch_v out_o in_o length_n file_n in_o depth_n and_o these_o again_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o other_o kind_n the_o body_n be_v 2_o double_v in_o number_n or_o place_n that_o which_o be_v here_o call_v number_n be_v call_v elsewhere_o person_n or_o dipâ—asiasai_n by_o suidas_n man_n it_o be_v call_v person_n in_o the_o insertion_n which_o be_v make_v to_o aelian_a i_o know_v not_o by_o who_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n of_o countermarche_n which_o because_o it_o lay_v thrust_v in_o betwixt_o the_o description_n of_o countermarche_n and_o nothing_o pertein_v to_o that_o argument_n i_o never_o make_v doubt_n be_v creep_v into_o the_o text_n and_o i_o be_o rather_o confirm_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o i_o see_v it_o noteâ—_n with_o a_o asterisk_n in_o that_o aelian_a be_v of_o robortellus_n edition_n which_o the_o learned_a isaac_n casaubon_n have_v quote_v and_o purpose_v to_o set_v forth_o if_o untimely_a dâ—ath_n have_v not_o prevent_v he_o i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o the_o word_n because_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o aelian_n and_o may_v give_v some_o light_n to_o the_o manner_n of_o double_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o be_v the_o word_n â—hat_n a_o phalange_n be_v double_v in_o person_n or_o place_n when_o we_o therefore_o take_v half_a the_o soldier_n from_o the_o depth_n and_o make_v file_n of_o they_o place_v they_o even_o with_o the_o rest_n in_o length_n of_o the_o front_n so_o that_o of_o 124_o file_n we_o make_v 248_o this_o be_v double_v of_o person_n in_o like_a sort_n we_o double_v the_o place_n with_o 124_o file_n not_o increase_v the_o number_n but_o only_o command_v some_o to_o turn_v to_o the_o pike_n some_o to_o the_o target_n till_o the_o phalange_n be_v stretch_v out_o to_o a_o convenient_a length_n as_o from_o 5_o furlong_n to_o 10._o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v the_o depth_n double_v for_o either_o one_o file_n be_v insert_v into_o a_o other_o man_n for_o man_n so_o that_o the_o second_o file-leader_n become_v the_o follower_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o man_n in_o the_o second_o file_n the_o follower_n of_o the_o second_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n or_o else_o 16_o man_n be_v so_o extend_v that_o they_o hold_v as_o much_o ground_n in_o length_n as_o 32_o usuallydoe_n so_o far_o the_o insertion_n it_o follow_v in_o aelian_n 3_o the_o length_n be_v double_v in_o
thus_o to_o your_o pike_n turn_v your_o face_n that_o be_v we_o ought_v to_o set_v the_o particular_a before_o and_o then_o infer_v the_o general_a like_a reason_n be_v if_o you_o say_v turn_v about_o your_o face_n or_o countermarch_n for_o these_o be_v also_o general_a word_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o set_v the_o particular_a before_o as_o to_o the_o pike_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o or_o to_o the_o target_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o likewise_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n not_o the_o countermarch_v lacedaemonian_a for_o if_o you_o place_v the_o word_n countermarch_v first_o some_o of_o the_o soldier_n will_v happy_o fall_v to_o one_o kind_n other_o to_o another_o kind_n of_o countermarch_v for_o which_o cause_n word_n of_o double_a sense_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v and_o the_o special_a to_o be_v set_v before_o the_o general_a of_o silence_n to_o be_v use_v by_o soldier_n chap._n liii_o but_o above_o all_o thing_n silence_n be_v to_o be_v command_v and_o that_o beed_o be_v give_v to_o direction_n as_o homer_n special_o signify_v in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o grecian_a and_o trojan_a fight_n the_o skilful_a cheeftaines_a press_v on_o guide_v with_o careful_a eye_n their_o arm_a troop_n who_o follow_v their_o leader_n silent_o you_o sure_o will_v have_v deem_v each_o one_o of_o all_o that_o mighty_a throng_n have_v be_v bereave_v of_o speech_n so_o bride_n lead_v he_o his_o heedful_a tongue_n fear_v the_o dread_a commander_n check_v and_o awful_a hest's_n among_o thus_o march_v the_o greek_n in_o silence_n breathe_v flame_n of_o high_a desire_n and_o fervent_a zeal_n to_o back_o their_o friend_n on_o foe_n to_o wreak_v their_o ire_n as_o for_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o barbarian_n he_o resemble_v it_o to_o bird_n say_v as_o shoal_n of_o foul_a goose_n crane_n and_o swan_n with_o neck_n far_o stretch_v out_o which_o in_o the_o slimy_a fen_n caïster_v wind_a stream_n about_o sheare_n here_o and_o there_o the_o liquid_a sky_n sport_v on_o wanton_a wing_n then_o fall_v to_o ground_n with_o clang_v noise_n the_o fen_n all_o over_o ring_n none_o otherwise_o the_o trojan_n fill_v the_o field_n with_o heap_a sound_n of_o break_a and_o confuse_a cry_n each_z where_o tumult_n abound_v and_o again_o the_o captain_n marshal_n out_o their_o troop_n range_v in_o goodly_a guise_n and_o foâ—rth_o the_o trojan_n pace_n like_o bird_n which_o lade_v the_o air_n with_o cry_n not_o so_o the_o greek_n who_o silence_n breathe_v flame_n of_o high_a desire_n fernent_n in_o zeal_n to_o back_v their_o friend_n on_o foe_n to_o wreak_v their_o ire_n the_o word_n of_o command_n chap._n liiii_o thus_o then_o be_v we_o to_o command_v to_o your_o arm_n stand_v by_o your_o arm_n carriage_n away_o from_o the_o battle_n mark_v your_o direction_n separate_a yourselves_o advance_v your_o pike_n file_n and_o rank_n yourselves_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n rear_n commander_n order_v your_o file_n 11_o keep_v your_o first_o distance_n 25._o face_n to_o the_o pike_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o as_o you_o be_v 25._o face_n to_o the_o target_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 25._o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 29._o double_o your_o depth_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 29._o double_o your_o length_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 28._o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 28._o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 28._o the_o choraan_n countermarch_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 26._o battle_n wheel_n to_o the_o pike_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 26._o battle_n wheel_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n these_o precept_n of_o the_o art_n tacticke_n most_o invincible_a caesar_n i_o have_v lay_v out_o to_o your_o majesty_n which_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n of_o safety_n to_o such_o as_o shall_v use_v they_o and_o of_o â—he_n overthrow_n of_o their_o enemy_n the_o exercise_n of_o the_o english_a in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o high_a and_o mighty_a lord_n the_o lord_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o low_a country_n the_o soldier_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o kind_n foot_n and_o horse_n the_o foot_n again_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n pikeman_n and_o musketeer_n pikeman_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o head-piece_n a_o cuirass_n and_o tase_n defensive_a and_o with_o a_o pike_n of_o fifteen_o foot_n long_o and_o a_o rapier_n offen_n sieve_n the_o armour_n be_v all_o iron_n the_o pike_n of_o ashen_n wood_n for_o the_o steal_v and_o at_o the_o upper_a end_n a_o iron_n head_n of_o about_o a_o handful_n long_o with_o cheek_n about_o the_o length_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o at_o the_o butt-end_n a_o round_a strong_a socket_n of_o iron_n end_v in_o a_o pike_n that_o be_v blunt_a yet_o sharp_a enough_o to_o fix_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o form_n thereof_o be_v express_v in_o the_o grave_a figure_n the_o musketier_n have_v a_o head-piece_n for_o defence_n a_o musket_n the_o barrel_n of_o the_o length_n of_o 4_o foot_n the_o bear_v of_o 12_o bullet_n to_o the_o pound_n a_o bandelier_n to_o which_o be_v fasten_v a_o convenient_a number_n of_o charge_n for_o powder_n sometime_o as_o many_o as_o 15_o or_o 16_o a_o leather_n bag_n for_o bullet_n with_o a_o prune_a iron_n a_o rest_n for_o the_o musket_n with_o a_o iron_n fork_n on_o the_o upper_a end_n to_o support_v it_o in_o discharge_v and_o a_o pike_n on_o the_o nether_a end_n to_o stick_v into_o the_o ground_n last_o a_o rapier_n the_o figure_n of_o this_o armour_n also_o be_v here_o insert_v these_o soldier_n both_o pike-man_n and_o musketeer_n be_v divide_v into_o company_n and_o every_o company_n consist_v half_o of_o pike_n half_a musketeer_n the_o company_n be_v some_o more_o in_o number_n some_o less_o some_o reach_n to_o 300_o man_n some_o 200_o some_o 100_o some_o 90_o some_o 80_o some_o 70._o every_o company_n have_v these_o officer_n of_o the_o field_n a_o captain_n a_o lieutenant_n a_o ensign_n 2_o sergeant_n 3_o corporal_n two_o drum_n and_o for_o other_o use_v a_o clerk_n a_o surgeon_n and_o a_o provost_n company_n be_v compact_v into_o regiment_n and_o the_o regiment_n command_v by_o colonel_n regiment_n contain_v not_o always_o a_o like_a number_n of_o company_n some_o have_v 10_o some_z 11_o 12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o some_o 30_o company_n and_o above_o in_o every_o regiment_n be_v a_o colonel_n a_o lieutenant_n colonel_n a_o sergeant_n maior_n all_o officer_n of_o the_o field_n a_o quartermaster_n and_o a_o provost-martiall_a for_o other_o employment_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v great_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o mention_v high_a officer_n than_o colonel_n my_o principal_a intent_n be_v no_o other_o then_o to_o set_v down_o the_o arm_n and_o exercise_n of_o our_o nation_n in_o the_o say_v unite_v province_n their_o arm_n be_v speak_v of_o their_o exercise_n follow_v first_o both_o pike_n and_o musket_n be_v order_v into_o file_n of_o 10_o deep_a the_o musketeer_n be_v sometime_o place_v before_o sometime_o in_o flank_n sometime_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o pike_n to_o exercise_v the_o motion_n there_o be_v two_o distance_n to_o be_v observe_v the_o first_o be_v when_o every_o one_o be_v distant_a from_o his_o fellow_n 6_o foot_n square_a that_o be_v in_o file_n and_o rank_n 6._o the_o second_o be_v when_o every_o soldier_n be_v 3_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o aswell_o in_o file_n as_o in_o rank_n and_o because_o the_o measure_n of_o such_o distance_n can_v be_v take_v so_o just_o by_o the_o eye_n the_o distance_n of_o 6_o foot_n betwixt_o the_o file_n be_v measure_v when_o the_o soldier_n stretch_v out_o their_o arm_n do_v touch_v one_o a_o other_o hand_n and_o betwixt_o the_o rank_n when_o the_o end_n of_o their_o pike_n come_v well_o nigh_o to_o the_o heel_n of_o they_o that_o march_v before_o and_o the_o measure_n of_o 3_o foot_n betwixt_o the_o file_n be_v when_o their_o elbow_n touch_v one_o another_o betwixt_o the_o rank_n when_o they_o come_v to_o touch_v the_o end_n of_o one_o another_o rapier_n for_o to_o march_v in_o the_o field_n the_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n from_o file_n to_o file_n be_v keep_v and_o of_o 6_o foot_n from_o rank_n to_o rank_n to_o order_v themselves_o in_o battle_n as_o also_o to_o go_v towards_o the_o enemy_n the_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n in_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v observe_v and_o likewise_o to_o conversion_n or_o wheel_a the_o musquettier_n also_o go_v for_o to_o shoot_v by_o rank_n keep_v the_o same_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n but_o go_v to_o skirmish_n they_o go_v a_o la_fw-fr disbandade_fw-mi which_o be_v out_o of_o order_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o sort_n of_o distance_n which_o be_v not_o use_v but_o for_o to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o firm_a stand_n