be placed as before you appeareth This is of great strength so that the Enimie cannot enuiron you To imbattaile fiue hundred men in a quadrant proportion ACcording to the worthinesse of the Captaine the greater charge is committed as one Captaine to haue charge of 5. C. men vnder one Ensigne the which to bring into quadrant Battaile you must place 16. pikes in front making 4. rankes quadrant placing your Bils in the middest with your ensigne so haue you lift the body of your battaile .250 men your shot to be placed in the front and rereward .110 in the flankes of the battell 140. in the 8. wings the which being charged may dischage and retire whereby to be rescued by the lest they may in this proporiton march any way vnto them needfull be it either to trauaile or els for to winne grounds by any aduantage To imbattaile 500. men in a quadrant proportion To place the like number in an hearse or square Battaile SOme time by reason of the ground it is necessarie to bring such a number into an hearse or twofolde battaile which may bee more auailable then the quadrant battaile To bring them into this present proportion you must place 13. pikes in breadth and 21. in length your Bils and Ensigne in the middest your shot in the Fronts and Wings Thus in order they may turne their faces and march any way to them needefull which practise may greatly auaile at neede as vnto great numbers apperteineth Thus leauing to treate any further of priuate bands here following I will shew some points and necessarie practises to great numbers conuenient to order ioine and imbattaile Laudata virtus crescit The end of the first booke ¶ In this booke is conteined certeine necessarie practises to bee exercised with such handes and regiments as vnto Coronels or Chieftaines to be committed to many exploites of seruice greatly auaileable SVch appointed to the leading and gouenment of numbers aforesaid with their bands suted weapons as accustomed The Captaines and Companies bee vnto them obedient and obserue their commaundements to all intents as if the Lord Lieutenant Generall were present And for that Captaines with their bands the better and more easily may bring their numbers into such order or battelles as the Sergeant maior by the Coronels or Chieftaines commaunded must do hereafter ensuing doth follow proportions to the assistance of the same And for Caliuers whose practise in the Skirmish be the first in the field and beginneth the fight the letters following in diuers proportions signifie such and shew to march skirmish inuade or retire in politike maner as to such doth apperteine as well by bands diuided in sundry parcels distantly in sunder as either may rescue other as also to retire by ranks rescewing as aforesaid And considering how by inuentions dayly deuised the exercises and subtelties of the same doe daily increase to the great perill of the vnexpert as we may dayly see these sundrie proportions following vnto some vnknowne may in times conuenient be exercised to bring to perfection such smal numbers so to profit in greater numbers which the vnperfect cannot accomplish Certeine necessarie points for to be exercised with numbers of Caleeuers and Archers to diuers intents of seruice in the field The first THis number vppon the sight of the Enimies must march three in a ranke casting themselues in proportion of a Ring so to abide there appointing themselues to approche still in araie there to discharge by Rankes so in the Rereward to charge readie to seruice againe marching round The voward The rereward The second THis nomber encountering the ring must discharge by rankes and after the first ranke hath discharged to retire betwixt the Rankes vntill they come to the rereward there to charge and followe his looseman to seruice againe Thus may you continually mainteine skirmish how little or great so euer your number be it giueth great incouragement to the souldiers standing but one shot and retireth Orders of shot verie necessarie for diuers intents of seruice in the fielde The Voward Theswo bands change tanks and place on their broad sides These bands of Archers be brought to seruice by the Caleeuers afore them THese two bands of calleuers set to recounter the enimie on their broad sides the frōts discharge and turn their faces retiring betwixt the other which aduance in like maner to y e reseue of the same Those retire charge againe to seruice thus practising the skirmish may bring the bands of archers to seruice to the great anoying and discomfiting of the enemie These bands of archers being brought to seruice by the calleuers although that the calleuers be counted to be of greater force thē they be of the archers be not vsed in the field so much as they haue bene yet hauing light shafts made to shoot 12 or 14 score may kepe their place shooting altogither ouer the heads of the caleeuers to the blemishing and very great anoie of the enemie Orders of shot verie neccessarie for diuers intents of seruice in the fielde These two bands discharged by rankes and return to the rereward and charge againe These two bands placed 5. in ranks like two hornes are to be brought to skirmish in proportion like as doth appeare the fronts or voward dischargeth the one retiring on the left hand the other on the right hand vnto therereward and there to charge againe euery one to follow his lodesman vnto seruice againe ⸫ Orders for shot verie necessarie for diuers intents of seruice auaileable The seauenth According to the number of the Enemies you must aunswere them with like proportion and numbers hauing great regard to obtaine hill winde water wood c the which greatly auaileth sometimes the aduantage of grounds is such that small numbers way repulse greater numbers The grounds large and plain make your maineward of shot larg strong the better to aunswer the enemie the frōts to discharge and retire to the rereward there to charge againe and being thus ioyned in skirmish with the enemie the Captaine and officers must foresee the best waye to repulse and ouerthrowe the enemy sending two winges to flanke the enemies to encounter them the which being wisely foreséene will greatly profit Orders of shot verie necessarie for diuers intents of seruice auailable These three bands marching at large maie wade through in skirmish or retire betwixt the rankes as occasion serueth either band rescewing other to charge in the Rereward and to aduance to seruice againe This may you continually maintain skirmish These practises and such like exercises in times conuenient may bring perfection to seruice with shot at need the rather through the good industrie and painefull trauaile of officers and the souldiers by whose gentle patience it is sooner obtained An order to imbattaile 600. men at the sodaine against horsemen and footmen IT is appointed vnto two Captaines to bring 600. men to conuey charge or doe
as periured persons with all seueritie be punished and if any souldier or souldiers shall offend in any manner of thing that dooth belong and appertaine to the dutie of a souldier whereof there is no mention made in these articles such an offender shall bée punished at the discretion of the chiefe Captaine THese Articles must bée openly read in the presence of the chiefe Captaines by the notarie or scribe of the court and after that it is read the oth shall be ministred vnto euery man by the pretor in this wise or the like wordes to the same end and purpose speaking vnto the whole companie and saying My brethren and friends that are héere present ye haue héere heard the articles of the Quéene our souereigne conteining the chiefe principall points of our rights and lawes of the field and of the oth and the manner thereof which euery souldier ought to take All you therefore that doo meane faithfully and valiantly to obserue mainteine fulfill confirme and kéepe the aforesaid articles let him héere now either openly refuse to be a souldier or with me hold vp his finger and say after me ALl these Articles which haue béene openly read vnto vs we hold allow as sacred and good and those will we truly and stoutly confirme fulfill mainteine and kéepe so helpe vs God and his diuine word Amen These Articles with others which for tediousnesse I omit would be published some vpon paine of death some greater and some with lesser punishment to euery one that doth offend without any remission or forgiuenesse or regard of bloud degrée kindred or frendship specially at the beginning to lye in Campe whereby the army may the better be set in good order and to make it fearefull of God of iustice and of the Generall with loue and feare The execution héereof onely apperteineth to the Maister of the Campe for the hearing ordering and determyning of causes of iustice vnder the Generall as the Liuetenant of a Citie or Towne Deputie for the Prince For the Maister of the campe is the chiefe of the orders who hath place in the Field in many things as principall next to the Generall who hath the chiefe gouernement in pitching the Campe and dislodging briefly from the Generall downeward it is the greatest charge and burden that is in the Armie and therefore it is requisite that hée haue good knowledge and remembrance of all the orders whereby the warres is to be gouerned and that he be of good practise and experience But such cases as are capitall and of great importance should bee heard and determined by the Generall and his Iudges it sufficeth that God is the knower and determiner and next vnto him his ministers on earth who failing to doe iustice either for zeale loue or hatred shall yéeld account thereof before the diuine Iudge and this law cannot be auoyded by vs but we shall be cited and called by way of appeale How Captaines according to their worthinesse are preferred to great charge SOme Ensignes haue in times past ben accompanied with one hundred some with two some with thrée some with foure some with fiue hundred men according to the worthinesse and experience of Captaines of which all were not throughly except at the first the better to traine exercise and order such numbers to seruice appertayning Here followe certeine perticular practises in proportion by letters signifying men from one hundred vnto fiue hundred in quadrant or two-folde battaile to the greatest strength for defence of enimies shewing euery weapon particularly in their place and order to march any waies to seruice conuenient or els to kéepe the ground of aduantage as winde Hill and Sunne will permitte in which consisteth great profit Certaine words to be vsed of the Captaine in time of trayning AT such times as the Captaine or any other officer determine to exercise their company to traine them they must cast them into a Ring or such like necessary and to vse these words vnto the souldiers saying as after followeth My louing friends and fellowes we be gathered together being also appointed to serue God and our Prince and to defend our countrie to the death and for that none through ignorance shall perish or runne in daunger of the lawes of the field ye shall from time to time by mée or the officers of my band be instructed by words or déedes in such pointes as to our calling and the necessitie of Seruice shal require the which you must diligently obserue and followe though such to you many times séeme both daungerous and painfull Also if any of you my fellowes shall find an occasion conuenient to declare to mée his minde and opinion in any thing touching seruice I will diligently heare and gratifie the partie the double value thereof and God willing I will vse equitie and iustice with the same Also regard that all Souldiers knowe and obeye their Officers in their place according to their calling Heere are set foorth certeine points to traine exercise and in order to place one hundreth men three in a ranke also how to bring them into a Ring an Esse or a Snaile very profitable for young Souldiers AS before I haue set foorth what number of weapons apperteineth to euery band frō one hundred vnto fiftéene hūdred men euen so to march thrée in a ranke thrée thirty rankes containe one hundred men suting your weapons in this order following that is in the front or voward .25 shot next your shot .20 pikes then 10. Billes to gard the Ensigne and next your Bils your other twentie pikes and then your other .25 shot the which béeing thus placed may by your Officers be brought to these proportions and orders as followeth greatly auaileable to diuers Seruices The Voward The rereward FIrst for that a C. is the least number that a Captaine hath in charge I will therefore begin with one hundred the which after you haue taught to march .3 in a ranke right foorth you shall bring them in this proportion of a ring otherwise called a limasson And although it is not of any force it is necessary to traine the vnperfect also by bringing them in close cōpasse together they may better heare and vnderstand any precepts touching their charge spoken by the Captaine or any other officers as oft as is méete This is not of force bicause the Ensigne lyeth open to the enimies without gard of Pikes A Ring SOmetimes vpon good occasion you shall bring your pikes in order of an esse your billes placed in the midst with the Ensigne whereby it may bee enuironed with Pikes for defence of horse your shot placed betwéene euery ranke of Pikes so that they may serue to the skirmish either rescuing other within gard the which retiring into the voyd place the Pikes couched euery way for defence the ouerplus of shot with the Captaine and Liuetenaunt with other officers to be placed in the midst of the Esse with the Ensigne
trayning two hundred men The fourth SOmetimes by commaundement of the Generall or head Officers you shall be commaunded to doe some exploite by night the which beeing lead by your Guides through straites wrong grounds woods c. it is needefull that euery Pike man and Bill man take holde of his Lodsemans weapon placing your shot betwixt your Pikes and your Ensigne in the midst your Pikes to march fiue in Ranke sixteene rankes is iust eightie pikes beside your Bils the ouerplus of your shot to be placed in the rereward The sixt SOmetimes occasion serueth to marche through long Brome Corne or Ferne so that Souldiers must traile their pikes frō the ground close together at the halfe pikes in the Voward the sharpe ends of the pikes forward and in the rereward the sharpe ends of the pikes to the ground who may of the sodaine being assailed with horsemen must presently aduance and couch their pikes euerie way for defence of Horse your Caliuers in the front and Rereward the archers in the flanks The fift ALso when you shall bee called to the assalts of Towne Fort or any such like you must endure the great shot if it bee not dismounted wherefore your officers must cause them to march a good distaunce a sunder and euerie man close to his Lodseman march with expedition and manfully employ themselues vnto victorie your Caliuers in the Voward your Archers next to your Pikes The fourth The Voward The Rereward The fifth The Voward The Rereward The sixt Battell The Voward Certaine points to exercise and traine three hundred men vnto seruice conuenient A Captaine hauing charge of 300. men that be expert in seruice may oft times victoriously accomplish Exploits and points of seruice to them committed which great numbers vnperfect may not attaine vnto The better to instruct the same here followe certaine orders and strengths in araie which practised in time conuenient may bring perfection of seruice at neede The first Sometime placing such numbers by 5. in Ranke may be brought to diuers points of seruice conuenient .60 rāks conteine .300 men fiue in ranke The second To bring this number into a quadrant proportion you must diuide your long weapons into three partes placing foure in ranke your Billes and Ensigne in the midst and ioyned close together fall out to be 12. quadrāt euery way your shot placed in the wings ready to skirmish in the body of your battell are sixe score Pikes thirtie billes and in the wings seuen score and ten shot in the rerewarde thirtie shot thus is this number at the sodeine brought to strength against the enimie The third Sometime augment your Ranks from 5. to 7. so 44. Ranks conteine 100. men which are to be ioyned vnto other numbers and to be brought to force The fourth Sometime from 7. to 9. in ranke the long weapons of the same conteine 18. ranks your shotte placed in the Voward and Rereward as the ground may serue is a herse or broade square By these exercises of augmenting ranks as do appeare Souldiers may bee brought to perfection of order in aray and by the same bee brought to perfection in quadrant or hearse according as numbers and ground will serue Here followeth the fift and sixt order of trayning .300 men The fift SOmetimes the Captaines with your bands aforesaid be appointed to some exploits with such silence that Drums sound not nor clap Weapons neither vse any noyse vntill they haue recouered the place conuenient for their enterprises yet sometimes the officers in the rereward sendeth a word passing from man to man vntill it come to the voward onely from one ranke vnto an other which may bee said Sarre aduance or such like appointed two or three ranks of gentlemen skilfull Souldiers to leade the voward knowing the encounter to ioyne that waie by order of the officers the shot doth issue to skirmish betwixt the leders aforesaid The Battaile may ioyne close together if occasion requireth also the rest of the shot may wade through to helpe the voward The sixt As before is placed 12. in ranke with your Billes and Ensigne in the midst so it falleth out to be 12. in ranke in breadth and 13. in length placing your shot in the front and rereward the which as occasion serueth may be brought to skirmish any waies This same Battell as the ground serueth is verie strong against the enimie The fift Orders of trayning three hundred men The Voward The S Rereward S The sixt The Vorward The Reward The first I. The Voward C The Rereward The second L The Voward L The third L The Voward C The Rereward The fourth L The Voward C The Rereward The viij Battalle The Voward The S Rereward Sometime marching in straights especially hauing some gard in Rereward for the safetie of the Ensigne you may send certaine Rankes or Pikes vnto the Front towards the enimie which shall wade through to strengthen the battaile placing the one halfe of your shot to the skirmish in the front the other halfe in the Rereward The eight Battaile The viij SOmetime hauing scope of Grounde standing in doubt of Horsemen cause the numbers to march .12 in a Ranke at large a good distaunce asunder and so to stand still euerie man towards their quarters placing their Shot on all the sides betwixt the Pikes which after they haue discharged being charged with horse may retire to the Billes and your outward Fronts serue close together vntill the Shot haue charged and at the repulse of the Horse to open your Pikes at large and the Shot to be cōmaunded to skirmish as they were in the fronts This battaile is of great force To order and imbattaile 4. hundred in quadrant proportion The first TWo Ensignes accompanied with 4. C. men may be brought to this quadrant proportion against the defence of the enimie by placing .15 in the front ioyning 4. ranks of Pikes in the Voward and 4. in the Rereward 4. in the Flankes your Billes and Ensigne in the midst placing your Shot in sixe wings for the rescuing of each other the rest of your shot in the Vowarde and Rereward in Diamond wise This Battaile for so small a number is of great force ⸫ To order and imbattaile 4. hundred in quadrant proportion The first Battaile The like number placed in manner of an hearse or twofold Battaile The second The second THe ground may be such as it shall be necessarie to place the same number in maner of a Hearse or twofold battaile placing 10. in ranke to length and 20. in breadth placing your Bils and Ensigne in the midst encountring the enimy on your broade side so shall you occupie more handes then the quadrant battaile doth occupying lesse ground in marching then the other battaile You must cause them to tarrie close together trayling their Pikes on the ground beeing ready to offer the push to the footemen and to crosse for the defence of the horse your shot to
exploits as the commandement of the higher Officers shall appoint them The captaines aduertised of straightes passages and scituations of the countries also on what parte the Enimies be most like to assault them must giue order vnto your Officers to place 13. in front as before you is mentioned your Ensigne in the middest with the Billes your Shotte placed in the Winges as appeareth At such times as the Eenmie shall assault you ioyne both your Bandes and become one strengh as the ground doth serue This order is verie necessarie to doe many exploits The like number brought in maner of a Hearse to defend horsmen SOmetimes marching by 10. in ranke vppon the fighte of the Enemies deuide into two partes and ioyne their broad sides deuided togither and become in one strength which being thus placed is in length 24. and in breapth 10. Against horsemen they must pitch their pikes on thn ground and crosse them and against footemen beare aboue hande They must sarrie close together and not disseuer to followe or flie least their disorders make place for Enimies to enter as by this proportion doth appeare Sometimes for the safetie of our shot you must receiue theÌ„ within the gard of your Pikes This h signifieth horsmen galloping the field to breake vppon you where they may best enter and most easely as by the void space arpeareth the ouerplus of your shot to be placed in the 4. wings without the battaile This number to disseuer is very perillous An order to imbattaile 900. men at the sodeine CAptaines marching with 900 men vnderstanding by scout or spie that the enemie pretendeth to skirmish with them or otherwise to ioine baitaile you may deuide your bands in three parts marching 9. in a raÌ„ke placing Officers betwixt euery band that being assaulted may ioine the Voward and the Rereward to the middle ward so fall they out to be an hearse battaile placing your shotte in the winges that they may the better resorte to the skirmish likewise to retire as occasion serueth This is a singular good order for the obtayning ef any grouÌ„ds or doing of exploits ⸫ ¶ An order to imbattaile 900. men at the sodaine The Voward The Rereward An order to imbattaile the like number in quadrant proportion at the sodaine as if the Sergeant Maior were there present The Voward The Rereward WHen battails are to be made the Sergeant maior giueth commaundement vnto the Sergeants of the bands to bring their companies seueral and to ioyne your bandes the broad sides togeather as your numbers serue The Captaines Droms Fiffes with your Ensigne placed in the midst of the execution as well for the safetie of the same as for the comforting of the souldiers neuerthelesse such order is taken that Lieuetenants and Sergeants of bands with other seruiceable Gentlemen bée placed to lead the Voward and Rereward of the battaile where onsets be vncertaine whose beautifull armours politike and couragious onset is to the enemie a terrour to their owne companies great comfort The shot to be placed in foure Troupes with two Wings in the Rereward for that they may easier maintaine skirmish round about the battaile on which side soeuer they be assaulted THese foure quarters ioyned in one séem to bée 12. hundred men vnder four Ensignes euerie wayes who at the enemies sight must place thirteen in ranke which fall to be a quadrant euerie way which sodainly may ioyne their long weapons togeather making one quadrant of foure Your Droms and Fiffes with the Captaine placed next to the Ensigne the Lieftenants in the Wings and the Sergeant in the Vowarde and Rereward whereby they may the better giue intelligence by signe or word what is best to bée done Three hundred men bearing Caléeuers in the Wings thrée hundred in Demie Diamonde wise after the Alm aine maner in the midst the which being discharged the Caléeuers will greatlie preuaile This way they may march wholie togeather or retire any waies to seruice néedfull readie with their shot to encounter the enemy any wayes in skirmish either wing rescuing other as need shall require And although the Sergeants Maior appointeth order for the same yet the Sergeants of euerie Band hauing experience only ruleth and giueth order to their owne charge and appoint and place such in the fronts Rereward and wings as to them séeme most conuenient THis proportion is after the Almaine maner of imbattailing much like vnto the order of the Romanes who deuided their Legions into diuers cohorts to this intent that when the Fronts were wearied the Maineward and Rereward succeeded hauing by late experience in Fraunce tried that the deuiding of the Battaile in many Bandes so that they haue Pikes sufficient to impsle the Billes and to euerie Bande their number of shotte and horse is more auaileable then anie battaile being made of a whole bodie or as the Gréekes tearme it a Phalange for they are to be out of length or breadth as the grounde or occasion serueth to charge and encounter the enimie placed in one battaile of euerie quarter to their great detriment and ouerthrowing of anie so placed being of sufficient strength for defence of horse and though the first or second or third should be ouerthrowen yet the rest kéeping their order are to succeede Whereas the battaile being one after the Fronts be ouerthrowne the rereward is readie to run the which being disordred can hardly recouer to place them in order againe And order to imbattell 12. C. men quadrantlie at the sodaine This waies you may march or retire anle waies that shoulde bee thought needfull to the doings of anie exploits A Coronels charge in twofolde wise the pikes crost for defence of horse ¶ An order to imbattaile a Coronels charge COronels or Chieftains who oft times according to their experience and worthinesse of seruice haue the charge and leading of fifteene hundred men more or lesse to whom is committed diuers sundrie exploits and points of seruice in the field wherof they discrie anie multitude of horsemen pretending for to charge them and to inuiron your battail hauing no Wagon Borough or pale of carriages water hedge ditch or other succours but onelie the strength of their manuall weapons and pollice of defence vpon sight of the enemies must cast the Voward and Rereward to become one strength and to serue close togeather to touch crosse and defend as by this order may appeare The thrée oâ—â—most ranks faire armed and skilfull gentlemen and others doe pitch their pikes on the ground couching and crossing the same the two ranks next giuing the push at the length of the pikes the shot placed within the pikes for safegard shoote and charge still in their places This order to encounter with footmen if it bée possible will recouer the aduantage of winde hill and Sunne in good order on the one side of the hill to ioyne in fight where God giueth the victorie before these same encounters Reuiue your souldiers with meate
vse will greatlie profit Thy battels beeing made and set in order it is requisite that thou leaue the ward within the trenches of the Campe for the defence of thy lodginges munition and carriages least the enimie vnderstanding the place to be left voide send his souldiers to take the campe and so to spoile all vppon occasion some Captaines will destroie their owne lodgings or els passe riuers or leaue beehinde them hils and deepe places to the end that the souldiers standing constantlie maie ouercome the aduersarie and obtaine the victorie or otherwise altogether to perish for that if they should thinke to saue themselues by running awaie they shall see by all manner of meanes taken from the possibilitie to escape Now beeing come to ioine battaile with thy enimie cause thy souldiers somewhat before to flourish oft their naked swords and holberds against the Sunne for that y t glistering of the weapons and their shining poynts through the brightnesse now of the one and now of the other against the resplendant beames of the Sunne doth shew a certeine horrible terrour of warre the which will strike a dreade and feare into the mindes of the enimies Likewise it is sometimes requisite that thy battailes goe forwardes with rumours and showtings sometimes running with violence forasmuch as the semblaunce of such things with the noise of trumpettes drummes and greate ordinaunce wonderfullie troubleth and feareth the heartes of the aduersaries also it is greate wisedome in a Captaine not with desire to be drawne to be the first to giue the onset but to staie thee neere thy trench till thou hast viewed thy selfe and the remedies of the enimies that is how manie battailes how they are placed of what condition and where they are disposed too fight for after this manner thou maist more commodiouslie see to thine affaires considering whiche of thine thou hast too sette against those of thy enimies and in what manner thy men are to bee ordeined and placed dooing in like sort too a good Phisition the whiche considering first the infirmitie and knowing the cause commeth afterwardes too giue remedie therefore ordeine thy men so as maie tourne moste vtilitie too thy businesse The manner of ordering of battailes latelie vsed I cannot greatlie commend for the armie beeing .20.30 or .40 M. they are diuided but into 3. battailes whereby ensueth manie perilles and discommodities because the Pike beeing but 5. yards three quarters long euerie man occupying a yarde and halfe a quarter of Pike can occupie but foure or fiue rankes at the most so that the rest are superfluous and lost besides they are easilie too bee compassed and too bee charged on euerie side wherefore I haue set downe an order of one of the battailes in figure according to my opinion the which if it may turne profit to my countreie I woulde be most gladde The occasion of the prosperous successe of the Romaines was onelye through their good orders by diuiding their Legions into cohortes the whiche were bandes of .400 and .50 the .50 were shotte the .400 were armed their weapons Pikes Swoordes and Targets the which were placed in quadrant manner .20 euerie waies beeing .10 battailes in front leauing a certeine space betweene euerie battaile for their retraite vpon occasion vnto the next order which were but sixe battailes and the rereward foure battailes all in like number keeping one breadth the voward were called Hastatie their battailes thicke and close the Maineward were called Principie who had such space beetweene the rankes as they might receiue the Hastatie the Rereward were called Triarij whose spaces betweene their ranks were such as they might receiue the Principie and Hastatie on the wings were placed seauen rankes of Pikes of straungers whiche did distend in length from the voward to the Rereward through these good orders they became conquerours of manie countries Now because of the diuersitie of the weapons hauing 20000. footemen I woulde diuide them into tenne battailes too euerie one of the battailes shall bee according to my proportion sette dawne .1000 shotte .800 Pikes and .200 Billes the which placed in two-folde wise according to my proportion set downe in figure will bee in breadth .45 and in length .22 and .10 ouerplus the whiche are to be placed at the discreation of the Sergiant Maior the shotte placed in the winges and rereward in maniples for their readier seruice who must be place a good distaÌ„ce from thy battaile thy men at armes vpon the wings of the shot thy Launces as two hornes in the front of thy battaile the light horse in the fronts of thy Launces the hargulater in the frontes of thy light horse who with the pistolaters are the first that begins the battaile thy great Ordinaunces to be placed in the fronts of the battailes or in such conuenient place as maie most terrifie the enimie there would be appointed certeine troupes of Launces whose guidons would bee contrarie to the rest the whiche the Germaine calls their Eorlorne hoope the French Infans perdus who must at such time and instant as shall be thought good by the General giue the charge vpon the enimies battails whatsoeuer shall happen who are for the same too receiue double paie The second battaile not too bee placed in the front with the first battaile as the Romaines did but in the rereward of the first so farre wide and with such distaunce as the horsemen and shotte a foote giuing the first charge may retire themselues without disturbaunce to the battells hauing thy shot placed as in the voward with the launces and shot on horsbacke the third battel to be placed in the rereward of the second with like distance with shotte and horse and so to the fourth fift and the tenth in the rereward of the which if occasion shall require thou maist as in the Rereward of the battaile place for thy defence certeine of thy carriages thy battailes beeing thus ordered thou shalt be sure no waies to be compassed by the enimies whereas thou maist easilie compasse in him not ordered in the like maner and thy battailes beeing but little yet as strong as the greater being stronglie fortified euerie waies with Pikes and when a signe is giuen your hargulaters pistolaters and launces may at the sodeine be with the formost or readie for anie other place of seruice Also your second battaile maie ioyne with the first and the third with the second and so to strengthen your battailes at pleasure as otherwise two or thrée of thy battailes to giue the charge to one of his battailes and if it should so hapen that thy first and second battailes should bee ouer throwne â—hy battaile ⧠The Battell in Figure shewing how euery Weapon should be placed to fight plast in this order thou maist retire thy selfe and leaue of the field mawger the head of thy enimie who in prosecuting thee disorder themselues as manie times happens maie be easilie conquered vsing thy battailes in this order
to haue 4. expert and worthy soldiers whose aide at al times he must vse which he must erect as principall Corporals who in his absence are to succeed him both in office and authoritie He must after he hath receiued his charge of his Lord and Generall vse al diligence and warinesse not onely to mainteine it but also to increase it in the minds of y e Captaines and other head officers as also of y e common souldiers in whatsoeuer apperteineth to his charge to the intent that both those which of themselues knowe their duetie and of other which are bound to their indeauour to him wards he maie haue that ready obedience shewed him that is required for if that be denied him no diligence that he can vse may auaile any iot to giue any hope of good successe in his great office as by many examples heeretofoâ—e hath bene shewed It is necessary for him that is in this office to forecast with himselfe to consider and foresée all chaunces before they happen and to foretell euery one what he hath to doe for that very often he shall be taken at vnwares and the time that he hath for the dispatch of his businesse is very short howbeit the straightnesse of time must no whit appall them or any waies hinder him from executing his businesse wiselie and readilie as hauing his wits at commaundement euen in this brunt otherwise if he haue not before cast in his owne minde and instructed others how to behaue themselues he cannot looke for any prosperous ende of his businesse séeing at the very instant when they are to ioyne with the enimies there can be no great heed giuen vnto that which hee commaundeth for that their eares wil be otherwise occupied and full of rumours hurliburlies and confusion which by their noyse will rise on the sodeine Moreouer it behooueth him to know to how many armed pikes and to how many holbards he hath to giue charge and to how many vnarmed of both sorts besides to haue many hargubuseires on foot and how many on horsebacke and to be short hee must knowe the whole number of able souldiers he can make to the end when occasion shall be he may the readier place in the voward or rereward some in one wing and some in another to defend the carriage or to inuiron the enimie him to guide his band and the rest to like offices and he must commaund the Captaines that they repaire with their companies when any rumour is made to the place where the artilery and the munition is kept charging them that they come neither straieng in sunder nor vpon heapes as in like cases men vse with great disorder but to bee carefull to keepe themselues with their ensignes that thereby they may bee in a readinesse too giue a valiaunt onset in places where most neede shallbe For it is often séene that the munition of the artilerie is very hotlie assalted by the enimies the more to discipate and deceiue the force of the army and to breake in vpon them with more ease after they come to the place aforesaid of the munition Euery band with the ensigne must attend to follow the Sergeant Maior or the Corporals who shall in silent manner and with all obedience follow the appointment of the Sergeant Maior or his Corporals placing their companies in such order as by them shall be thought good hauing regard that the most valiant and best armed pikes be alwaies appoynted in the fronts and rereward so many rankes as may impale the bils and ensignes in the wings whereof the battaile will come called the quadrant of people and ground and not that of people this battaile is of great force to shoulder and beate downe the enimie for that there are more souldiers placed in ranked then are in any other forme and yet they occupie a lesse plat The shot must bee placed as sleeues or wings to the battaile the which must flanke the battaile as a curteine doth a fort He hath to cause them dayly to remoue and exercise themselues to the end when neede requireth neither the wings should be dissolued by and faire speach as much as hee maie and that hee indeauour to guide them by a signe rather then by wordes who in this the Lorde Chappinuittello deserued great praise If vpon any alarum a sodayne noyse or rumour be raised whereby he shal haue chause to gather his armie together in the night time hee must strst commaund all the Captaines that their Quarries and their Cressets being light euery one by it selfe the Captaines must bring their companies in troupe placing their Shot in the Uoward and Rereward the Pikes and Billes next the Ensignes into the maket place and so conueied to any place of seruice whereas neede shall require euery one besturring him in such sort that in a moment as it were and out of hand they may bee armed and readie in that place to bee receiued of the Sergeant Generall when of him they must be ordered in battaile the which for the night is the Battaile called the halfe Moone who must within the compasse of the two hornes place all the Ensigne-bearers with their Ensignes in their handes then behinde them the armed Holbards next vnto these the vnarmed Pikes and without the greate Circle betwéene both the Hornes of the Moone must bee placed the the armed Pikes and the one halfe of the Sergeants and Liuetenaunts must attend on this greate charge without but the rest of the Captaines with the Sergeant Generall must attend on the companie of armed Pikes and most of the Drummes and the Lights must be in the voyde space betweene both the hornes and before the Ensignes where sitting to giue hearing of the Imbassage and Messengers which come and goe in such cases they must deliberate and take counsayle what is best to bee done The enteraunce of this place must bee turned to the most safetie that the situation of the place shall offer Besides they may for the surer place some part of the Artillery of the field nowe the Hargubusiers must be bestowed by the Sergeant Maior so farre distaunt from the Square in so many Troupes and so many formes as the condition of the place shall require which maie soone be perceiued by the expert thereby to fortifie the maine battaile prouided with al that euerie companie of hargubusers thus placed haue his coÌ„panie of officers appointed ouer them with their droms as if be néedful with their lights that they may be readie and seruiceable in euerie chaunce that may befall in my iudgement in these skirmishes by night neither mesure of Geometrie nor the nuÌ„bers of Arethmetike are so necessarie as the diligence of the valiant and discréet captaines is expedient who haue to stir vp the minds of their companies remeÌ„bring alwaies their obedience vdto the greate Sergeant whose will they are onelie to execute I haue the rather set downe this square for that it hath bene
oftentimes well ordered of manie valiant captaines of Italie and especiall of the L. Alexander Vitellie Concerning the other formes of battailes which are to be vsed in the night I minde to omit thinking this to be sufficient and easie to be ordered and besides not commonly knowen except a battaile representing full crosse to which there are so good rules that they may serue any number by day or night to be ordered and I the rather doe it because I speake not sufficiently in their places in the second book yet as well as I can not so well as would ioining to them certain others to the end that if in nothing els I haue pleasured the valiant expert yet at the least the proportions of these formes maie giue them some small helpe Then when as vpon any doubt the armie shal remoue to march he shal place y e armed pikes vnarmed with their bils ensignes in such sort that when néede shal be to double the ranks to make the armie greater and yet the armie maie kéepe his former proportions that is to saie that the voward rereward deuide betwéene themselues al the armed corslets and vnarmed pikes so that the flankes in long wise be not vnarmed So shal it come co passe that the short weapons shal gather together in the midst of them the ensignes The vnarmed pikes are not to be reiected in the plaine field seing it is verie hard and peraduenture not altogether mâ—â—t that any should be armed pikemen as it is trulie said they with the armed are the whole strength of the footmen so the hargubusers must onely serue to flanke to ease the defences to lie in ambushment to skirmish to approch and in all other functions and at a word to incumber the enimie either in defending the enimie or to assalt any fort He must haue a care in the making of this battaile quadrant the which of all other I holde y e best that for Corporals or Sergeants do perfectly vnderstand how many ranks are in a companie aduertising them with all that euery companie be agréeable together in the number of the ranks which be of many called maniples Then must he cause theÌ„ to march one hard after another seing euery coÌ„panie guided by their officers and being come to the place to contain them of ease commaund the first companie to march from the rest to make space willing the second to ioine vnto the first as a flanke then the third likewise vnto the second and the fourth to the third and so from hand to hand Hée shal frame a valiant battaile to encounter the enimie howbeit it is very hard to kéepe a iust in order of so many men in ranke and of so many rankes as the rule of the Theorikes oth doth teach for that very often the companies are vnlike either in nuÌ„ber or weapons then marching thus together on this order hee must commaund that all the ensignes vnder one Coronell march together not mingling themselues with the ensignes of other Coronels Now the coÌ„panies being thus doubled the battailes ingrosed as is said before euery ensigne may seeke out his owne band stand with it both for y e greater encouragmeÌ„t of them the more safety to himself but if they return to march at length euery ensign shall place himselfe amongst the rest as his lot fals out the hargubusires seuered from the battaile must march half of theÌ„ by the Uoward the other halfe by y e Rereward either a little towards the right hand or towards the left either as the commoditie of y e place or doubt of any danger shall require Then doubting the rankes of these hargubusires as much as shall be néedefull they must be ingrossed then vex is carefully placed for the flanking of y e main battail vnderstanding with all that it behoueth very much aswell these two wings of hargubusires with the voward rereward of the chief battaile the ordinance should be coÌ„mitted to the guide of worthie Captains of officers of credit of expert souldiers y t they may be able to help in all extremities and to resolue theÌ„selues in any doubt knowing what is to be done without waiting for the counsaile of others in cause where such couÌ„sail is neither present nor at hand The bodie of the square like a wedge must haue in the first rank one man in the second thrée men in the third fiue men so till euerie ranke increasing by two souldieiers which rule is very perfect kéepeth iust in proceeding to infinite numbers of two wedges ioined together a battaile may be well called the shéeres thrée or foure ioined together a battaile called y e saw with manie others the which were much vsed amongst the Romans and other nations the battaile in full forme of a crosse hauing foure fronts containing all sorts of weapons belonging to footemen is verie profitable as may be vnderstood by the rules of the Theoriks as otherwise in the proper place of the battail appeareth in the second-booke And although all these battailes be not in vse yet all these formes seeme verie profitable if they might be ordred and disposed in place conuenient howbeit all are not very 〈◊〉 to march and as in my iudgement it is not very easie to shewe by wordes the manner that must bee kept in giuing the assault to the enimies either by day or by night considering that a man hath alwayes to applie himselfe to the warlike policies and deuises of his Lord that gouerneth him For it hath béen often séen that the onset hath béen giuen by the coriers on horsebacke manie times by ambushes well placed in couert hauing aduantage of such as lie in scowt who wait their time to assail them at vnawares when they may most endamage them I might here speak also as appertaining to the Sergeants office of the prouiding the principall munition the armour and victuals other things necessarie for the armie and the bestowing of them besides that hée hath a part in the businesse which belongs to the great master of the camp as to place the wards within the camp and to appoint the watch worde by which the same wardes are gouerned and the whole campe I might speak of these things if they were to bee done alwaies after one sort or had one ordinarie manner But for that they bee variable according to the nature and disposition of him that gouerneth and very often as place and time shal require I will omit them It may suffice to shew in part what appertaineth to the office that thereby he may the redilier dispatch what shall bee appointed of his Lorde Those things which shall bee giuen him in charge of anie importance shalbe giuen him in writing reseruing besides a copie thereof that if he either misse in his obedience or otherwise by his default anie mischance shall happen in matters of waight he may not say but
that hee was forewarned that whatsoeuer is to be done by them may be done in their course and order thereby to auoyde all brawles and iarres which myght happen amongest Officers euerie man knowing what appertaineth to his charge When the face of the Battaile must bée turned hee muste giue warning that euerie manne turne his face and not his Weapons that there doe no noise arise in such cases And this may be done best and most readilie if euerie souldier kéepe the point of his weapon in his hande which doth giue a glorious shew and besides that doth make them readie to lay on their shoulders againe if they haue cause to march againe at length and he shall giue order wheÌ„ the army remouing do come to any straight passage or other discommodious place which may break their order that euerie ranke doe passe after another and when they he beyond y e straight that then they place them in order againe which being obserued in euerie rank they may presently be in some order as they were before the readier to be brought to the formes squares before rehearsed And when anie charge or commandement is to be giuen see it set and ordeined in the Rereward and when there is nothing to bee done hee shall raise the armie Hée shal likewise commaund that euerie Ensigne march with his owne companie to the end when they come to be incamped they may the easiliar be brought to their lodging appointed for them Of the electing and office of the foure Corporals of the fields GReat regard woulde be had to the choosing of these as well for their calling yeares and valiantnesse as otherwise for their experience lenitie and wisedome Whereby these Warlike affaires may be the readier and sooner executed otherwise it may be preiudiciall to the whole Armie These be vnder the Sergeant generall to appoint set order and make battaile and battailes and and to guide euerie particular personne therein according to their degree and office and as the necessitie of the same shall require to instruct and reforme whose commaundementes all Captaines and Souldiers with their Officers must obeie But in march approch camizado skirmish retraite watch warde or what other seruice by them shal be commanded whose authoritie likewise is such as if any resist they shall by the Prouost matiall be punished as rebels of what calling or degrée soeuer they be Two of these are appointed to the placing and ordering of shot and the other two for the embatteling of the pikes and bile who according to their worthinesse if death happeneth are to succeed the great Sergeant or Sergeant maior Of the warlike counsell and their oathes SUch must by the Generall of the armie be appointed and chosen twelue honest wise graue men the which saide twelue he shall appoint to bee his iudges and determiners in all martiall discipline and correction His choise is to bee made of Captaines or otherwise at his pleasure so hee bee of staied iudgement and of honest sobrietie The which said iudges being is elected and chosen shall haue their wages accordingly appointed them who except in great extremitie shall bee watch frée These shall sweare and protest solemnitie by the almightie God vnto the saide Generall that they will serue the Prince by the moneth in that pâ—â—â—â— which they are chosen and called to that they wil seriusly faithful obedient and dutiful vnto the Generall in all néedfull and lawfull affaires and at al times vprightly indifferently to iudge all causes comming before them to bée obedient to the commandements of the Generall standing with equitie and the lawes of the fielde that they will to the vttermost power indeuour them selues to giue counsaile and aduise to see Generall to the well-fare and commoditie of the Prince and his subiects and iustly to iudge the rich as the póore not regarding friendship kindred or any other corrupting cause which may lead affection to the hinderance of Iustice but to their knowledge to minister equitie according to the tenour of the lawes as they wil that God helpe them at the last dreadful day of iudgement Also that in mustering they doe diligently foresée to their vttermost power that the prince their maister be not deceiued in giuing double paie to such as are not worthie and that they shall also deliuer the names of the souldiers vnto the Generall as they mustered them with a note of their aloweance and wages vnder their hands and seales faithfully without anie deceipt Of the othes that euerie officer ought to take of what Office so euer he be Of the Pretor THe Pretor shall take his oath giuen him by the Generall who shall sweare by almightie God that whatsoeuer he shall iudge ordaine or determine in court or out of court that he shall kéepe it close and secret to his liues end and that he shall bee true and iust to the Lords and that he shall execute iustice to his vttermost power and that he shall not during the warres take anie gift of any man for any matter in controuersie to be tried before him but shall vse indifferent iustice to all men without respect of persons friendship or malice as God shal help him at the dredfull daie of iudgement Of the Prouost Martiall HIs oath is likewise giuen by the Generall that these points whereof doe consist herein that hée shall sée all faultes duelie and according to the lawes punished in al offenders without regard or respectt of persons That hée shall in the market place set vp a paire of gallowes both for the terrour of the wicked as for execution vpon them that offend the lawes Also that he shall set on all victuals brought to the market a reasonable price that the seller and the buier may reasonably liue by it And that he exact nothing beyond his duetie of anie man that he neither vse extortion or briberie that hee let no prisoner taken of the enemie or offendour otherwise to his witting escape with other Articles conteined in his office at the discretion of y e Generall the which he must bée sworne vnto Of the master of the watch HIS oath is to be true and iust in his office and nightly to attende vpon the Generall to receiue the watch word the which at the setting of the watch hee shall secretly deliuer vnto the Captaines Hée shall diuers times proue the watch as well to see if they sleepe not and such as hee findeth in fault to accuse them to the higher officers who ought to appoint their punishment according to the tenour of the Articles otherwise appertaineth vnto his office at the discretion of the Generall of the armie Of the chiefe Purueiour of the victuals HIS oath is to bee true and iust in his office and not to bee slacke anie time in procuring in his office good fit and wholesome victualles as well for those souldiers in extraordinarie as for those which are in ordinary seruice prest not to
caléeuers be made cleane and oiled to haue match and pouder drie the stringes whipped for their bowes their billes and halberds to be kept sharpe Thus oft they ought to viewe the same vpon paine 35 Item that no man of what degrée soeuer he be of shall commit adulterie with maried wiues nor inforce widdowes maids or virgins by violence defile them shall without mercie be punished with death 36 Item he that shall depart out of the place where he shalbe put by his head or any officer whatsoeuer for a spie watchman scowte or warder aswell by daie as by night as it often hapneth to discouer some dealings of the enimie without attending and staying for him that placed him there to take him away except he should remoue in hast to aduertise his head of the successe of the enimies assaulting or dooing any outrage shall be punished with death 37 Item whosoeuer should rashlie offende or hurt either in words or déedes any man belonging to the deputies or head officers of iustice or Captaine they being in paye for Sergeants and they béeing appointed to carie no other weapons with steales or staues but billes they may be knowne for men of iustice and not for souldiers 38 Item whosoeuer standing within or without the campe or barres to watch or scowt and doth his dutie so euill that through his negligence the enimie setteth vpon the campe at vnwares he shall die 39 Item he that vnder colour of dooing the dutie of a scowte or spie perceiuing the enimies haue assaulted the campe and he with such fayning lieth still shall die for it 40 Item he that shall forsake the defence in generall or in particular of the batterie of the trench of the passage of a bridge or other like to him committed but lightly not forced goeth away shalbe for so offending punished with death 41 Item whosoeuer entering into a Citie taken by force followeth not his ensigne whether soeuer it shall go vntill the generall make proclamation that euery man shall take booties and if the generall cause no such proclamation to be made and that souldier make spoile he shall incurre the paine of death and if proclamation be made that they shal cease from taking praies and booties and after license giuen if they giue not ouer they shall fall into the same punishment 42 Item whosoeuer séeing the Ensigne vnder the which he warreth in fraies or fight by chaunce to be fallen into the hands of the enimies if he be there present and do not his indeuour to recouer it and when it is cowardly lost to punish the souldiers which haue suffered it to be cowardly lost with death 43 Item he that shall flie from the battaile being in the face and front of the enimies or shall go slowly and slackly to ioyne and affront with them in case it be to fight a field battell or in any skirmish whatsoeuer shall be punished with death 44 Item he that shall faine himselfe sicke to auoid the fighting with the enimies or because he would not go to any other enterprise to vse his hands but I meane therefore to robbe for to such affaires they will be readie inough shall be cruelly punished 45 Item whosoeuer séeing his Generall or his Captaine or other Colonell and officer of the campe in the hand of the enimies and succoureth him not with al his power and may doo it not respecting any daunger shall suffer death 46 Item he that shall robbe or spoile the people of the countrie or subiects or vassals of the Prince he serueth shall die 47 Item he that by theft should steale or robbe the armour weapons or horses or other thing from any others seruing against the enimies shall die 48 Item he that should raunsome or taxe or otherwise misuse the people of the countrie except they shuld be enimies or Rebells to the Prince shall be greatlie punished 49 Item he that shall play at any game for his armour weapons or horses which are written vpon the role or through his negligence shall loose them or lend giue away or lay them to pawne let him fall into the same paine of death 50 Item he that goeth further then two hundreth steps or paces from his quarter without license of his Captaine specially when the campe looketh or straieth to be assaulted by the enimies except he should be sent for by his heads shall be punished with death 51 Item he that shall go longer then the houre appointed in the night abroad in the campe wandring except he should be sent by his superiours for a matter of waight from head Captaine to head captaine by a counter token shall be cruelly punished 52 Item he that shall lodge straungers whether he be of the campe or not without license of the Generall or of his Captaine either in his lodging or vnder a tent except he be of his chamber or by the Captaine appointed to seruice foorth of the campe shall be punished But euery one ought to be in the night with their chamber-fellowes and not to be deuided from their lodgings that occasion seruing they may be ready with their weapons in their hands neither ought they to lodge watch or scowts or of the search for that the spies hauing no lodging any excuse being found out may the better be apprehended also if the scowte watch be taken from their quarter faining to be a soldier of the Campe when they are to spie in the night they for so offending shall be cruelly punished with death 53 Item whosoeuer shall make any words déeds or questions in the ward or in an ambush or in other place where respect and silence is néedfull shall be punished 54 Item he that should be reuenged of any iniurie receiued either newly or before time doone by an indirect way that is traiterously and not by way of reason or by waie of combat bodie to bodie by the license of his Generall shall suffer death 55 Item he that should be so bold as to plaie with false cardes and dice or should dare to vse in plaie anie priuie falshoode thefte or deceipt in anie wise shall bée punished 56 Item hée that of presumption should passe out of his place into another either before the battaile or in marching should out of order make hast to goe before to be the first that should come to the lodging of the campe or in marching should goe out of his Ranke from one battaile to another or he that doth not obserue the order of marching shall die 57 Item he that shall taske or ransome vpon his host or Lodger or vppon anie other that is not his lawfull prisoner by good order of warre and that when he is lawfullie taken the ransome excell not the articles and orders of the field and in case there were no articles of agréement that there be a iust ransome set vppon paine of punishment 58 Item he that shall enter in or goe foorth by any other gate stréete or waie then
An Esse the Vowarde the rerewarde SOmetimes vppon the sodaine bring them into this order of a D otherwise called a Snaile Place your billes and Ensigne in the rereward of your Pikes and cast your selfe round so that you may enuiron your Ensigne place your ranke of Pikes the Shot betwixt euery Captaine Liuetenant and other officers with the ouerplus of shot to be placed within the weapons This is a strength at néede but in this order they can not march or retire A D or a Snaile the rerewarde the Voward◠How to traine your men and bring them to the vse of their weapons AFter that you haue taught your company to march 3. in a ranke right forth likewise to kéepe their order in limitation or ring you shall commaund your officers to teach them how to vse their weapons First deuide your shot from your Pikes and Bils causing a marke to be set vpon the water whereby you shall the better perceiue where the Pellet falleth Then cause your Drum to goe before and your shot to follow single teaching them how to hold their péeces and to put pouder into the Pan the Match into the Cocke the better to bolden them and those that haue experience to discharge at the marke euerie one for to follow his lodesman This done cast them all about round and bring them to the place where they began then afterward teach them to discharge with pellet Then must you deuide your pikes and billes in two parts commaunding your officers that they turne their broade sides as if they should encounter the enimie causing your drums to sound Then charge your officers to goe in the front of your pikes to showe them howe that they should vse their weapons as first to cause your pikes to sarie close together then to traile their pikes with the sharpe ende toward the enemie two yards from the ende of the blade and to offer the push one at an other This being done cause your Drums to sound the retrait that is to retire with your faces vpon the enimie Then must you teach them to warde with their pikes when the push is offered against them also to couch and crosse for defence of horse likewise to aduaunce as hereafter shall more plainly appeare ¶ Here beginne certaine orders and practises to traine or place an hundred men The first THis showeth howe the hundred men before mentioned cast in a ring may march thrée in a Ranke the whiche may bee brought vnto these proportions of strength following The second SOmetimes marching in the Raie aforesaid you shall deuide the same into thrée parts by 11. rankes in each part deuiding your shot into foure partes and your Pikes into foure parts also placing your Billes to gard the Ensigne so be they ready at the sodaine in quadrant as appeareth The third LIkewise you must instruct the same from 3. to march 5. in ranke to the intent when néede serueth to ioyne vnto other bands In thus marching place halfe your shot before the other in the rereward The fourth ALso you may practise them to march 7. in ranke placing your Bils in the rereward with your Ensigne the which maketh a iust quadrant placing your Shotte in the wings and rereward as appeareth The first The Voward The Rereward The second The third The Voward The Rereward To augment from three vnto fiue The fourth The Rereward These foure containe one hundred men a peece The fift YOu may likewise by placing 7. in ranke the which is the greatest force that a hundred men may bee brought into place 21. Shot in the front and 15. in each wing the which seruice very aptly to skirmish is greatly vnto the anoying of the enemie also readie to retire to serue round about the battaile the Pikes as before The sixt IF in marching you vnderstand or perceiue that horsmen will assault you then place 5. Pikes in ranke and betwixt euerie Pike a shot so marching forward they fall to be 10. ranke quadrant placing your billes and Ensigne in the midst The seauenth LIkewise you may for the defence of Horsemen place 10. rankes of Pikes euerie waie your Shot next vnto them your Billes and Ensigne in the midst the Pikes endes couched on the ground the better to defend the enimie The eight THis proportion sheweth the March or Quadrant order at large of a C. men verie necessarie to bee vsed In showe to the Enimies when thou vnderstandest their numbers to exceede thyne placing seauen Pikes in the Voward also 7. Pikes in the Rereward next vnto them 6. Pikes in the second Rankes your Billes and Ensigne in the midst with the Dromme and Fiffe as is before mentioned the which nomber when thou perceiuest the Enimie to take vewe of thyne thou shalt cause the second Rankes of the Voward and Rereward to steppe forwarde to furnish the voyd spaces the which shall make of seauen thirteene in Ranke Also if thou perceiuest the enimie pretending to encounter thee hauing no place of refuge shalt cause the Rankes that stepped forwarde to retire to their places and to sarrie close together remoouing out of the second Rankes into the wings the Bills to step forwards in their places will bee seauen euery waie quadrant as in the order before is mentioned your Shot to bee placed in the Voward and Rereward may skirmish and retire as occasion serueth The fifth A quadrant mixed with shot the sixte A quadrant defending the shot the Seuenthe The eight Battaile the Vowarde the rerewarde The March at large Certaine practises for them that haue charge of two hundred men to seruice conuenient The first FIrst marching fiue in ranke 40. Rankes conteine two hundred men sueting their weapons as before may be brought to these orders following to diuers intents auaileable although the same for a time séeme painefull and although Archers be not as heretofore they haue bene yet it is good to showe you that hauing Archers you must place them as afterward to you is mentioned The second SOmetimes diuide the Pikes and the Billes into three parts by fiftéene rankes seauen to a ranke placing your Ensigne in the midst so ioyning them together maketh a herse battaile readie at the sodeine against the enimie placing fortie Caliuers in the voward and twentie Archers and ten Caliuers in the rereward with thirtie Archers The third LIkewise according to your ground you shall place your outtermost rankes with your best and fairest Corslets the which serue not onely to the show but otherwise for the strength of the battaile commanding your officers to place ten in a ranke the rest to march ten in a ranke likewise your Billes and Ensigne in the midst falleth to be ten euery way quadrant the which is a iust hundred your Caliuers placed in the voward and rereward and your Archers in the flankes which is a iust hundred also The first The Voward The Rereward The second The Voward The Rereward The third The Voward The Rereward Orders of
drinke and good counsaile and with comfortable wordes to animate and encourage the same How to imbattaile .150 men in quadrant proportion AS before I haue set foorth the order or imbatteling of 150 meÌ„ in two fold wise y t which in some grouÌ„d is much auaileable for y t it occupieth more hands theÌ„ y t iust square in fiight at one instaÌ„t notwithstanding such must be assured y t the enimy can approch but one way which els may be preiudicial therefore in the plain field the iust sqare or quadrant is the strongest order y t may be neuertheles coÌ„uenient it is at such time as you purpose to ioin battaile with the enemie hauing ordinance other cariage to y e same in the wings of the rereward thereby to impale the same y t the enemie enter not but in the fronts Also the expert captaines must foresée to obteine hill winde Sun or anie other aduantage the which diuers waies greatly profiteth If your battail be assaulted with horse then couch crosse your pikes and against footmen sarrie close trailing your pikes vntill the encounter then to offer the push till repulse be giuen and God giue the victory In the fronts you must place your best armed most valiant men aswel to encourage the rest as to bee a terror to the enemies your shot to be placed in the wings rereward for being placed in the fronts they cannot well retire but vpoÌ„ their own pikes or els vpoÌ„ y e shot in y e wings To be brought to this proportioÌ„ you must place 6. ranks of pikes 19 in ranke euery waies which comes to 512. the shot to bée placed in 4. troups in the wings 10 in rank which is 400. 310 in rank 3. in bredth in the Rereward the which are to succéede the other troupes after they haue discharged the 50. shot 48. pikes are to bee placed a-about y e artillery or otherwise at y e discretion of y e Coronell y e captaines lieftenants with the sergeants to be placed about the battaile to giue such order as may best preuaile The Chieftaines Coronell to be placed within the battaile as appeareth in the figure Howe to imbattaile 150. men in Quadrant proportion A Table to discouer numbers by hundreds placed by 3.5.7.9 c. in ranke and raie assembled from one C. vnto one thousand fiue hundred that is to saie marching by 3 in rranke 34. rankes containe 102. men by which example following you may plainlie discouer the numbers  Ranks  Men.  3. in ranke 34 is 102 67 201 100 300 5. in ranke 20 is 100 40 200 60 300 80 400 100 500 7. in ranke 15 is 105 29 203 43 301 57 399 72 504 86 600 100 700 9. in ranke 11 is 99 22 198 33 296 45 405 56 504 67 603 78 702 89 801 100 900 11. in rank 9 is 99 18 198 17 297 37 406 46 506 56 616 64 715 74 820 81 897 91 1017 100 1100 13. in rank 8 is 104 MeÌ„ 16 208 23 299 31 404 39 507 46 702 54 806 62 897 69 1014 78 1105 85 1196 92 1230 100 1300 15. in rank 7 is 105 MeÌ„ 14 210 20 300 27 404 34 510 40 600 47 707 54 810 60 900 67 1005 74 1110 80 1200 87 1305 94 1410 100 1500 ⧠A two-folde Battell of 2000 men THIS TABLE SERVETH TO PVT IN ORDER OF BATTAILE LONG OR SOVARE ON HORSEBACKE OR ON FOOTE OR TO NVMBER Enimies so placed also to tile or paâ—e or measure ground of like portion also what ground serueth to encampe euery one of the long or square Battailes A quadrant or two-fold battaile of 2000. men THis present fourme of battaile which represents a quadrant hath bene often vsed as very profitable of many Italians well experienced and of great credite in the field it is as it doth appeare flanked and enuironed with twoo greate bodies or sléeues of Hargubusiers the which containe in number for each flanke 380. men and in the Voward 100. and in the Rereward 140. Which shot are to bee carried about the battaile very commodiously for seruice and as they shall seeme otherwise to bee imployed by the Sergeant maior In the bodie of the battaile are 800. Pikes 200. Billes and 10. Ensignes hauing to euery Ensigne 200. men the which to be brought to this forme you must place 45. in ranke for the bredth and 22. in ranke for the length the Captaines Lieutenaunts and Sergeants as before you is mentioned and the Chieftaines in the heart of the battaile And although this manner or forme giueth scope to moue which way they list yet I hold it best not to suffer them to stirre much And that little mouing which is to bee graunted to them must not bee ouer hastie but in pace flowe sober and well measured vnlesse he hath to set against the like battaile of the enemie for then the last rankes must be somewhat quicker in stirring and to bring 10000. or 20000. to this order readily they must in setting forward march with maniples well seuered and deuided which manner is very readie to be compassed with ease But to place them in length dubling the ranks bringeth them likewise to a very formall order of battaile of which I haue sufficiently spoken in the office of the Sergeant maior in the first booke A Battaile in forme of a Crosse very necessarie to be vsed as well in the night as by day because all the weapons are deuided by themselues THis Battaile in forme of a full Crosse consisteth of 10. Ensignes euery Ensigne hauing vnder it 200. souldiers so that the whole number contayneth 2000. men It hath 4. fronts or faces whereof euery one is accompanied with Hargubusiers which may in tyme of necessitie bée couered and defended by the armed Pikes so that the formost rankes be moued by the flankes and sides This forme hath bene vsed of Spanyards and Italians It is a gallant battaile and of force sufficient to resist the enemie in open field albeit setting vnwares and besides superior both against horsemen and footmen the Hargubusiers are 1000. the which are the halfe of the number These Hargubusiers being deuided into fower parts must be in euery flanke 200. placing 14. in ranke euery way the Billes and Ensignes placed in the midst of the Crosse are 200. and the whole number of Pikes are 800. the which are to be placed on euery quarter of the Billes 200. placing 14. euery waies the which make a iust quadrant of people so that there remaine to bee placed by the Sergeant maior 16. Pikes and 4. Billes and of shot 200. This rule may serue in proportion for any number being very excellent for the night because each weapon being deuided by themselues may be readie at the sodaine for any seruice either to giue battaile or for defence of the Campe the horsmen and the field péeces to bee placed as shall seeme best by the Chieftaines or the Sergeant
maior The Battell called a Crosse verie excellent both for day and night THE BATTELL IN FORME OF A MOONE BEING OF GREAT FORCE FOR THE NIGHT. An excellent order of incamping if thou standest in doubt of the enemie THis square battaile in forme of a Moone is very cōuenient and fit to be executed in the night tyme for y t there being appoynted any Chieftaine whatsoeuer which may place the first companies that come to him at the Ensigne in order before assigned and the great Sergeant thē receiuing them and from hand to hand parting them into seuerall companies in maner as this forme shall require it is ordered very easily and it is no great matter to deuide the weapons without confusion either to march or otherwise to vse themselues seuerally from the rest more or lesse as it shall be néedfull for that euery weapon doth stand at his owne defence by it self as first the Artillerie next the Ensignes then the Billes or Holbards and in the outtermost circle the armed Pikes which may vpō the sodaine hy the Sergeant or the Corporalles of the fielde be brought to any other forme of battell also the great Sergeant may place the Hargubusiers in so many companies and so many formes and so much distance one from another as the situation of the place doth either bind him to or may seeme to require to the end that the principall square may be best defended and flanked And for that the purpose of this forme is easie enough of it selfe to be vnderstood also for that I haue more largely spoken of it in the first booke in the office of the great Sergeant I will no further intreate thereof aduertising withall that euery battaile in square forme this or other that must bee ordered in the night aboue al must prouide that it haue placed euery sort of weapons by themselues that thereby confusion may be auoyded and besides they may call foorth to seruice any companie presently vppon any necessitie that may befall aduertising that good watch and scoute be kept on horsebacke and on foote as néere the enemie as is possible and to giue aduertisement whereby you may knowe what is best of you to be done A way to march and to conduct foorth the Armie IF any Generall or Maister of a Campe Coronell or Sergeant Generall that hath charge to conduct an Hoste to march from one place to another it is requisit that if he haue not experience of y e countrie himselfe that he carrie such as haue experience that he with them may consider well of the scituation and place whether he is to goe with his Hoast as through Plaines or néere a Hill or by Hilles or on Vallies that haue Hilles on both the sides or by Woods or néere to a Wood or els where a Riuer is néere It is also requisite that some of the light horse as well for discouering the enemie as otherwise to take the breadth of the straights and passages goe before and to make certificate that according to the breadth the Hoast may march And put case that one part of the way be fiftéene foote broade the Hoast shalbe made to march by fiue in a ranke because euery footman will haue three foote in breadth from shoulder to shoulder sixe foote in length betwixt ranke and ranke and one foote for euery person so that 21. foote in breadth and two myles in length wil containe an Armie of ten thousand men After the same reason whether there be twentie or thirtie thousand footmen according to the measuring of ground by the foote they may bee set in order very easily neither can the leader bee deceiued when he knoweth how many armed men euery place can containe And after the same order as the place doth inlarge he must enlarge the rankes causing part of thy Shot to goe before the aray and part behinde and other to goe in succour of thy Horsemen that goe in viewing the passages and the Ambushments with the whole doings of the enemie and let an other part be for a vauntgard and retrogard to the ray to bee able to serue them at néede and an other part to go alwaies at the flankes of the ray the which if there bee Ditches shall serue as a Counter-mure against the Horsemen of the enemie and if they be men at armes they must march on both the sides of the Battaile and also of the Hargubusiers that doe march by the flanks of the Battaile and the Lighthorsmen to serue for Scowtes both before and behinde the ray Also there be abundaunce of Labourers to make places plaine and to cast downe Ditches and Bridges and to make defences and other necessarie things that are required in marching the which must bée garded by your Lighthorse and Shot and when you depart to fayne to goe to some other place then that you go to and if there bée no men at armes to appoynt to euery Regiment certaine Hargubusiers to serue on Horsebacke the which may serue in stead of men at armes and when occasion serues to serue on foote agayne It is requisite that all Souldiers followe their Constables and leaders and haue great care and diligence in marching to the end that by sodaine assaults they bee not at euery steppe to rise in a rumour and confusedly to runne here and there and the one to goe contrary to the other and finally comming about them not to be able to do any thing of any profite For which cause thou oughtest to march with thyne Armie through euery place in battaile ray whereby the Souldiers may bee made more apt and spéedie to make a voyage and quicke and readie to resist if néede shall be They hauing learned to followe the Ensignes and attend to the commaundements and to behaue themselues valiantly according to their place and order if thou march in a plaine Countrey it is requisite that thy Pikes march in battaile ray retyring thyne Armie into a little space so that by the straightnesse and facilitie of inlarging thou be not constrayned to extend thy selfe into too much length which fashion of marchings seemes to giue power to the enemie to assault commoudiously their aduersaries and according to the occasion to hurt them he knowing to bee taken from them the commoditie to defend themselues forasmuch either with more largenesse comming against thee the which is wont to happen both the hornes being compassed it is like that he shall easilie disorder and put thee to flight or els giuing charge on the flanke in the midst of thy battaile hauing alreadie broken thine order sodeinly stop thy men from being able to goe forward being closed in the araies of their enemies wherfore mynding to retyre in a mayne battaile and to turne to resist they shall bee able to doe little good as those that haue vsed such a maine battaile which for want of thicknesse is nothing strong but altogether weake Also if the enemie should charge thee on the Rereward