your owne squadrons vpon their retrait as in folio 72 is described Gent. What quantitie of ground shall these battels and battallions require Capt. I haue sayd before that vnto euery picquier at the time of ioyning the charge is to be allowed for his station in front or breadth that is from shoulder to shoulder at the least 3 foote and for depth that is for before and after 7 foote at the least for his owne station and for the vse of this weapon And the voide spaces betwixt the battallions are to containe in breadth as much as do the battallions of the second front within the which they are to aduance and passe so is it easily to be calculated what quantity of ground such order of battels and battallions will require Moreouer it must be considered that there must be a conuenient space of ground remaine betweene the traine of the first order of battallions and the front of the second order and in like sort from the traine of the second order vnto the front of the third◠order as some 20 or 25 pases betwixt each or such as the ground will permit or occasion require Gent. What place is the generall and other chiefe commanders to keepe in these orders of fightes or are they to be on horsebacke or on foote Capt. The Lord generall is to be well mounted and the Campe-Maister Generall and Sergeant Maior Generall are to bee mounted on good geldings Andadoras and not Corradoras Whereby they may speedily passe from place to place especially the Campe-maister and Sergeant Maior generall to execute the Lord Generals commands to keepe the squadrons in order and to redresse the disordered as in such occurrants shall be requisite The Generall his place is commonly in the space vpon the front of the second order of the battallions from whence he may most conueniently send his directions and orders to do the which besides the Campe-maister and Sergeant Maior Generall his Trumpet and chiefe Drummer he is to haue attendant vpon him certaine expert gentlemen both on horsebacke and on foote The Colonels of euery foote regiment are with their companies to serue on foote being arraunged to fight their due place is the right angle of the first ranke of their squadrōs their Lieutenants in the left angle of the same ranks the Captaines and other inferiour officers in ranke also as their place requireth as more at large in their seuerall duties is declared But in case that a Colonell were in any peece of seruice with his regiment alone then is hee to employ the place and office of a Generall for the present seruice The Ensignes are to be placed in the centre or neare the center towards the formost rankes of euery battell or battallion and to stand in ranke also Finally of these 12000 pikes and short weapon there is reserued out about 1000 to serue to other purposes as to gard the artillery munition and impediments and such other peeces of seruice There is yet another order of deuiding an army into sundry small battallions or squadrons of one kind each squadron containing 100 pikes 10 in front and 10 deepe embattailed by single files of 10 men in euery file the order and manner whereof is in folio 38 42 43 particularly described Gent I pray how should a regiment or many or an army be martialled or embattailled after this maner Capt. If you wold haue all your army deuided into battallions or squadrons of that kind then are the Colonels of euery particular regiment to cause the companies of their regiment to embattel themselues vpon a sound of the drumme in such smal battallions or squadrons of 100 pikes in euery squadron 10 in front and 10 deepe as in folio 38 39 and 4 may appeare And suppose that the 24000 footmen were reparted into 20 regiments after 1200 into euery regiment of the which 1200 men there is 600 picquiers those 600 picquiers are to be embattailed into 6 small squadrons of 100 in each squadron at 10 in front and 10 deepe Being thus embattailed into sundry small squadrons of one kind they may with great facility be brought into any proportion you will as by these figures following may appeare Where you see embattailed the picquiers of three regiments seueral into their smal squadrons of 100 in each squadron at 10 in front and 10 deepe all in one front In the first figure you may behold 3 regiments embattailed into 18 small squadrons in the second figure behold the same reduced into a battell of double front or into a due square of ground which is twice so many men in front as in flanke and in the 3 figure you may see the said 3 regiments brought into a iust square of men that is as many men in breadth as in depth the order whereof is thus The first regiment being embattailed into 6 small squadrons and placed in one equall front the second regiment being embattailed in the like maner is to march vp vnto the traine of the first 6 squadrons there ioyning squadron with squadron and answering file with file After them againe is the other last 6 squadrons to march vp vnto the traine of those 6 middle squadrons and placed euen squadron with squadron and file with file so that of these three regiments there is made one body of a battell of broade front or due square of ground which is twice so many men in breadth as in depth as by the second figure may appeare Finally if you shold be occasioned to reduce the said three regiments into one grand battell of equall proportion or due square of men then place 4 of these small squadrons in one front on whose traine 4 other squadrons are to march vp and then againe 4 others and lastly the last foure squadrons so that squadron with squadron and file with file may equally answere one another as in the third figure may appeare Where of 16 of these small squadrons is framed a battell in proportion of equality which is so many men in depth as in front and there remaineth out two small squadrons the which are to serue to other purposes either for a supplie or to other seruices Thus haue you seene these three regiments embattailed and brought into sundry proportions Likewise in the same maner may a whole army be ranged and ordered by good conductors into sundry battallions and distinguished either into one two or three fronts as the iust occasions and the iudicious intendement of the good commander shall concurre and find conuenient Gent. By describing vnto vs these seuerall orders of reparting an army into sundry battallions squadrons ye haue contented vs wonderfull well it seemeth in mine opinion much aduantagious being discretly and orderly handled But how should the shot due vnto those regiments be placed and ordered Cap. The shot belonging vnto these regiments deuided into sundry battels battallions and squadrons should be reparted into
some most conuenient place together then and there to be instructed in the orders how to march how to encampe and how to fight deuiding them into so many parts or battaillions as vnto their chiefe Officer shall seeme good Gent. What course would you wish the Captaine of a single companie to obserue in the trayning of his souldiers Capt. First hauing his companie leauied and chosen of the better sort of people as is said let your rawe Captaine for so I terme those which neuer were in action prouide himselfe if possible he may of a good Lieutenant and a sufficient Sergeant and a skilfull Drummer Then let his people be suted with such sort of weapon as is appointed The which I would wish to be as I haue said before to euery hundred of men 25. muskets 25. Calliuers and 40. or more of pikes and corslets and the rest short weapon as halberds swordes and targets and such like Now hauing suted euery man with a conuenient weapon I would wish your Muster-maister if your Captaine haue not the skil for your Muster-master ought to be a man of experience first to declare vnto them the partes that ought to be in a souldier in generall as before is declared then to ensigne them the right carriage of their armes and weapon then to knowe the seuerall soundes of the Drumme next to learne to keepe his ranke and file orderly and so to march eyther swift or slowe step by step with the sound of the Drumme then how to keep their array being cast into a ring or any other forme with the comming out againe and returning into a counter-ring and out of the same into a march and counter-march then how to make their Alto or stand and how to double their rankes vntill they bring themselues into a iust square of men if their numbers will permit it and how to double their â—â—les eyther vpon the left or right hand and so to fall off againe both from file and ranke and being in squadron how to turne their faces on either or any part making front on any flank or traine as occasion shall be offered Then the perfect vse and managing of euerie weapon in his due nature and kind and so by a continuall vse they may by good instructers become soone to be ready souldiers Gent. Here be manie good parts vnder a few words but they are too briefe for me to vnderstand wherefore I pray dilate more at large thereof and first what meane you by the cariage of his weapon Cap. To discourse vpoÌ„ al these points particularly it wold be ouer long might better be shewed in act theÌ„ in words yet to satisfie you somewhat herein I will speak of the particulars here there as I shal be occasioned shal cal theÌ„ to memory First therfore the soldier that is appointed to cary a calliuer is first to be ensigned how to cary his peece vpon his left shoulder with his flaske at his girdle or haÌ„ging by at Port-flask or Flask-leather vpoÌ„ the right thigh vpoÌ„ the left side of his girdle to haue his touchboxe fastened by the string hanging downe somwhat long by the strings sufficient to be taken and to prime his peece with touch-powder and on his right side a Bullet bagge or purse of canuas or leather for bullets Also some three or foure yards of match in seuerall peeces hanging at his girdle with one peece of match of a yard long in his left hand holden fast by the third finger of the same hand hauing the one or both the endes of the same lighted or fired Also to be prouided of a priming iron or wyer of a steele and flint stone to strike fire vpon any suddaine occasion either to spare the burning of match or to fire their matches if the same do chance to go out Then how to charge his peece either with his flask or bandelier theÌ„ to let slip the bullet down into the barrell after the powder and to ramme the same with paper tow or such like thrusting the same downe with the scouring stick if time will permit or else a more readier way thus After that the bullet is slipped downe vnto the powder to put after the same some two or three cornes of powder which will wedge fast the bullet This being done let him hold his Calliuer with his left hand as in his charging hee ought to do the like griping the same by the stocke somewhat neare vnder the cock betwixt his thombe and foure fingers then holding the nose of his peece somwhat vpward for not to endaÌ„ger his fellows to take the one end of his lighted match with his forefinger midle finger thoÌ„be of his right haÌ„d so to cock the same hauing a regard that it may fall due within the pan finally if it be a crooked stock peece to set the same vnto the left side of his breast retiring his right foot some halfe step behind the left or aduancing the left foot some halfe pace before the right and so to take his due leuel holding the hindermost part of the stocke betwixt the thombe and fore-finger of his right hand with the other three fingers to draw to the serre so to discharge his peece with agility hauing done the which to retire souldier-like and charge againe giuing place to his next fellow or seconder But being a straight stocked peece the which I hold for the better he is to place the same vpon the right side of his breast fast against his shoulder leuelling and discharging as aforesaid And for other armes he is to be fitted with a short sword and meane dagger and a Spanish morion Now the musketier is to cary his musket vpon his left or right shoulder for it importeth not much on whether so they obserue the order of the first rancke with his Forke or rest in his left hand fastned about his hand wrest or little finger by a string hauing his flask and touchbox fitted as before is sayd or hauing a bandalier the same to be ouer the left shoulder and vnder the right arme Now to charge the same he must hold his musket with his left hand hauing his rest trayling by the string and put the but end of the stocke vpon the ground then with his flaske or bandalier to charge his peece with powder slipping downe the bullet into the barrell after the same and to fasten it with two or three cornes of powder as is aforesayd then to clappe the musket into his forke planting the lower end or pike of the rest into the ground neare vnto his left foote and resting the but ende of the stocke vpon his left thigh then to prime his pan with touch powder And hauing his match ready as before is sayd to take the peece of match that hangeth by the midle or third finger of his left hand betwixt the thombe
into the field there causing them to run to leape to iumpe to wrastle to throw the sledge to pitch the barre and such like exercises and sometimes also to learne to swim as a qualitie very befitting a souldier Moreouer they did many times cause their souldiers as well foote as horse to march armed at all points euen as it were to serue against their enemie once or twise in a moneth euery man carrying his owne prouision and victuals and giuing and receiuing the charge euen as in hostile fight and this did they for the space of ten miles fiue out and fiue home Thus with these exercises they brought their people to be able quicke and ready to serue vpon all occasions and did more good seruice with twentie thousand of such so trained and practised then with thirtie or fortie thousand of raw and vntrained men But to haue a souldier to be very perfect and a good executioner indeede it is needfull to haue bin in some good peeces of seruice to haue seene men to fall on both sides which doth flesh harden a souldier very much Finally the good Picquier ought to learne to tosse his pike well with the due handling of the same and to be skilfull therein sith it is the weapon he professeth for 100 of ready pikemen are better then 200 that know not the vse of the weapon Now the halbarders ought to be fully armed with a corslet as is the Picquier but in marching he is alwayes to beare the same on the right shoulder holding the lower end thereof with his right hand almost close to his right thigh and knee Gent. You haue well discoursed touching the caryage and handling of the calliuer musket pike and halbard But now I pray what meane you by doubling your ranke and file Capt. By ranke I meane euery row or order of men standing shoulder by shoulder either in march or squadron reaching a long from the one side of the squadron vnto the other And by file I vnderstand all the line order or row of all the souldiers standing consequently one after another from front to the traine either in march or squadron Now the doubling of ranke or file is thus First suppose your company to be of 100 pikes as for the shot we will speake of hereafter and you would bring them into a iust square of men first search out the Cubike roote of your number and it is 10 then after the first order you shall cause them by the sound of the drum to embattell to march vp in single files at 10 men in euery file the head man of euery 10 to be a Caporal or Cabo de Camera and as the first 10 is come vp vnto the place where you meane to frame your squadrō cause them to make Alto then cal vp the second file at 10 per file causing them to march vp close pouldron to pouldron of the first tē and there to firme stand then the third file then the fourth and so consequently the rest vntill your squadron be formed your ensigne marching vp in the middle file as in this figure may appeare Here you see them drawne vp in single files at 10 men in euery file and so your squadron is framed 10 files and 10 rankes or 10 in flanke and 10 in front An other order is thus you may march them vp in 2 3 4 or 5 files at once and 10 rankes for the number euen or od importeth nothing if at 2 files at once then are they marched vp and framed at fiue commings vp if at 3 files at once then at three marchings vp at 3 files per Maniple which make 9 files and 1 single file at 10 men per file which maketh your iust square of men Now if you will march them vp by 4 files at once they are 2 marchings or Maniples at 4 files 10 rankes and one Maniple at 2 files per Maniple and so againe is your squadron formed And againe if you would march them vp by 5 files at once and 10 rankes they come vp in 2 Maniples and so is your squadron iustly framed Your squadron being thus framed set at 10 rankes 10 files thē to double the rankes you shall cause vpon an other sound of the drum those of the second ranke to step in betwixt them of the first ranke beginning either vpon the left or right hand first as you will and the 4 ranke to double the 3 and againe the 6 ranke to double the 5 and the 8 ranke to double the 7 and finally the 10 to double the 9 so shall your battell or squadron come to be 20 in breadth and 5 in length or depth or 20 files and 5 rankes which is in forme of a battell of double front as by these figures appeareth Here you see the rankes doubled into 20 files and 5 rankes Then cause them vpon another sound of the drumme to fall of or backe againe into their former places and so to double againe vpon the other hand and fall off againe Now to double the file cause the second file to double the first either vpon the left or right hand as it shall please you to begin and the fourth file to double the third and the sixt the fift and the eight the seuenth and the tenth file to double the ninth as in these figures following may appeare And here you may see the file doubled reduced into fiue files at 20 men per file vpon the right hand the like you shal cause them to do vpon the left hand hauing first caused them to fall off from their file bringing them into their former square againe Then shall you go vnto the traine of your battell or squadron and vpon another sound of the drumme you shall command all your souldiers to turne their faces vpon a sudden towards you then causing them to double both ranke file that way as you did the other way before thus with a litle paines taking and practise you shall soone bring your souldiers to be ready and skilfull in these alterations of formes and many more The like may be done with any other greater numbers either in battels or battallion or by making the front of any flanke Gent. But to what end serueth all this Capt. Marie to many good purposes For the first order of doubling the ranks besides the readinesse it breedeth in the souldiers doth serue to alter vpon a sudden your grand square of men into a square of ground or into a battell of double front and to many other purposes in framing of many small battallions one grand square And againe the second order in doubling of the files doth serue to many such other purposes as if vpon a sudden your foot enemy shall come to charge you vpon the flanke then by doubling their files and suddenly turning their faces vpon the enemie they shall make of flanke
the front and so bee ready with double hands either to receiue or giue the charge For those battels of square of ground or battels of double fronts do bring many hands to fight at once being verie aduantagious for footmen against footmen as reason and experience proueth and sheweth And againe if you draw or diuide your battell or battallions into maniples to march through straights or narrow passages this order of doubling the files is verie ready and auaileable as thus If your battel or squadron be of 5184 pikes whose square roote is 72 now your passage will permit but 8 men to march in front then must you diuide your square root 72 by 8 so commeth it to be 9 maniples of 8 men in rank or breadth And say yet againe that the straight or passage doth fall yet more narrow or straighten lesse then to containe 8 men in front thē cause euery maniple at the verie entring of the straight to double their files and so of 8 you shall make 4 files per maniple the which being shouldred vp close together will containe no more roome in breadth then the 8 did before And hauing passed the straight cause them to fall into their former proportion and so maniple after maniple in passing the straight Gen. But if the squadron or maniple were of od nūbers it wold not so fal out Capt. That importeth not for the od file or rank which resteth vndoubled may in passing of the straight close vp shoulder to shoulder vnto the rest obseruing their proper stations in files and if the passage will not permit that then to fall backe after the traine of their maniple hauing passed the straight to sleeue vp in file pouldron to pouldron of their fellowes and so to fall into their former proportion The like of any other od numbers may be done with very great facility Now for as much as I entend to frame both figures and tables of sundry sorts of battels and battallions in our discourse following I will at this instant bee the more briefe supposing this at this present to suffice For he which conceiueth and vnderstandeth this well may do the like with any other numbers great or small Gent. And what course do you appoint the shot belonging to those numbers of pikes to obserue in these alterations of proportion Capt. The shot appertaining vnto euerie such number may be practised in the like or semblable sort either alone by themselues or placed in two grand sleeues along by the flanks of their squadron or battallions As for example If vnto the former number of 100 pikes there were proportioned suted 100 shot calliuer and musket these would I draw out into 5 per rank which would make 20 ranks Those 20 ranks would I cut off or deuide in the middest so should I haue 10 ranks for to sleeue the one flanke of the battallion and 10 ranks for the other flanke at 5 men per ranke or 5 files in euery ranke which is all one These 2 sleeues being placed may be doubled with the pikes by ranke or file for practise sake only But if you were engaged to fight with the enemie I would wish all great sleeues of shot to be deuided into many small troupes the one still to second another as hereafter shall be declared shewed And lo here another order the 2 grand sleeues being al musketiers as the battell or battalliō doth aduance march on toward the enemy comming once within reach of the musket then the first ranks of these sleeues of muskets many discharge in marching in this sort The first ranks stepping some two or three paces forward there those of the right sleeue to step one halfe pace toward the right hād those of the left sleeue one half pase toward the left hand hauing in the meane space made themselues ready and cocked their matches then with readinesse expedition all those of thē first ranks their muskets being vpon their rests or forks to discharge at once and keep their station charge againe permitting other rankes to proceed before them Then presently those of the second ranke to step vp iust before the first rank as the battell or battallion marcheth and so to discharge as their former fellowes had done before then the 3. rank before the 2. the 4. before the 3. and so all the other ranks consequently with this kind of double march and at the traine of the last rank those of the first to follow vp againe and so consequently the rest But if it chance their squadron of pikes to be distressed forced to retire they are to discharge at the enemy retiring backe vpon a countermarch as these figures following shal plainlie denote vnto you the maner and order The First Figure The second Figure with the Muskets discharging in marchings The third Figure vpon the retrait the shot discharging vpon a Counter-march There is yet another order of discharging of troupes of Muskets in vollie the which I haue seene vsed by the Italian and Spaniard thus Your Musketiers being deuided into sundrie troupes of 30 40 or 50 in a troupe the one to second the other then the two first troupes standing vpon the two angles of your squadron or battell may bee drawne vp by two officers by three foure or fiue at the most in a ranke and the said officers being at a sufficient distance to discharge shall cause the Musketiers to close somewhat neere shoulder to shoulder and so wheeling them about in figure of a halfe Moone shall at their due semi-circle or halfe compasse cause the Musketiers to make Alto and clapping their muskets on their rests close one by an others shoulder and each one hauing a care to his forefellowes they shall at one instant discharge altogether at one vollie vpon the enemy and so retire giuing place to other troupes the maner and forme whereof shall by these figures following appeare Troupes or squadras of muskets at 50. per troupe 5. in ranke Gent. Your calliuers or small shot would you haue them to discharge in these maners and orders before spoken of and figured Capt. No but I would with the calliuers or small shot to be deuided into sundry small troupes of 20 30 40 or 50 in a troupe and by their seuerall officers to be led vp and to skirmish in single file discharging readily one after another in file and so wheeling about vpon the left hand to retire giuing place vnto others to second them and to fall into their forme of troupe againe and then recharging aduisedly to be ready to come vp to second others as their turne commeth of which maner of small troupes shall often in our discourses following be denoted and shewed Now to conclude these orders of training I will set downe one point more to be obserued by one single company or two or three companies ioyntly comming into the Corps de
following Then besides this let him place 32 rankes of the arraies of the vnarmed pikes at the backes of the armed pikes so many as they be rankes in length in the battell of the vnarmed pikes as in the 8 table before figured appeareth afterward let him go from hand to hand drawing out of the arraies 32 rankes of vnarmed pikes and set them one by another shoulder to shoulder as I haue demonstrated in the 12 figure and as I will shew you in this 13 figure And there will yet remaine 8 armed men to place where you shall thinke good Aduertising you that if you should haue set the 72 armed men which before remained at the head or tayle of the battell it would not haue reached vnto one whole or full ranke vnto the breadth of the battell for an intire ranke of the inner part of the battell in breadth is 95 men that is so many as the breadth of the vnarmed pikes do containe Thus the battell declared by the aforesayd 17 figure will be in length 46 rankes at 108 men per ranke in breadth with the 7 rankes of armed pikes in the front and 7 rankes in the reareward and with 8 men per ranke of armed pikes on the one flanke and 7 men by ranke of armed pikes on the other flanke as in the aforesayd 17 figure appeareth with the 8 men which remained placed in the body of the battell Gent. Assuredly Captaine this order seemeth wonderfull good But now vnto the other two orders which you spake of Cap. Touching the second maner of framing of battels First the calculation or table of the battell must be had in memory as before is sayd in what proportion the said battell would be framed and the army marching company by company as I will shew you in the 18 figure euery captaine shall be commanded by the Sergeant maior to make so many rankes of their pikes as the length of the battell shall containe as in the 18 and 19 figures shall appeare Now let vs suppose the sayd battell to containe in length 52 rankes with 10 rankes of armed pikes at the head and as many at the trayne as is shewed in the declaration of the ninth and 14 figures and that euery Captaine doe make 52 rankes with 10 armed pikes before and 10 behind as in the 18 figure is shewed And if any Captaine be found which hath not to accomplish that number let him ioyne with another Captaine and betwixt them both let them make vp that number of 52 rankes This being done Captaine by Captaine shall set their rankes shoulder to shoulder the one of the other and shall so frame the battell 52 rankes in length with 10 armed pikes by ranke before and 10 behind After that shall bee framed the battell as I will shew you in this 20 figure following This being done one of the 4 Caporals of the field shall go vnto the head and another vnto the reareward then he which is at the head shall take away from the front of the battell 3 rankes of armed pikes and arme therewith one of the flankes at 7 men per ranke in length adioyning vnto them the 28 armed pikes which he lacketh to furnish out the length of 46 rankes at 7 men per ranke as is said in the declaration of the 9 figure And the other Caporall or officer which is at the traine of the battell He also shall take away or draw foorth from the traine 3 rankes of armed pikes and arme with them the other side or flanke at 6 men per ranke in length of 46 rankes So shall the battell bee formed 46 rankes long at 108 men per ranke in front or breadth with 7 ranks of armed pikes in frōt as many in traine with 7 armed men per ranke on the one flanke with 6 men by ranke on the other flanke armed pikes as I shewed in the 8 figure of the table and also in the 21 figure following And there will remaine out of the body of the battell 32 men and they shall bee placed as I sayd in the last of the third order at the beginning moreouer there remaines 72 armed men You must note and conceiue that in the 18 figure where the companies do march one after another by fiue in a ranke and in the 19 figure where they do come vp shoulder to shoulder to the framing of the battell as may appeare although the full number of companies do not there appeare as is requisit yet it is to be conceiued that they do consequently one follow another but want of rome in paper cutteth them off And the 72 armed pikes remaining which are of the number contained within the body of the battell shall be placed either in the foure corners of the vnarmed pikes as in the 16 figure may be seene or else in each of the two sides or flankes as in the 17 figure appeareth where there is one ranke adioyned vnto the one flanke and another vnto the other flanke or else you may arme and strength with the same 72 armed pikes any one of the flankes as neede or occasion shall require Gent. You haue described the first and second order of imbattailing excellent well in mine opinion therefore I pray proceede to the third Capt. The maner of the third order is thus When the armie is caused to march Maniple by Maniple with their armed pikes in vantgard and rearegard of euery particular Maniples and with one Maniple all of armed pikes which marcheth in the vantgard of the Maniples which haue their vnarmed pikes in their middle or center the which Maniples of all armed pikes is that which serueth to arme the one flanke of the battell Besides this there marcheth another Maniple of all armed pikes after all the Maniples and this Maniple serueth to arme the other flanke of the battell And the Maniples must march the one after the other as in the figure appeareth Now there resteth how to bring those into Maniples of this last order which do march in the full length of the battell with their armed pikes in front and traine the which shalbe done in this sort Let it be supposed as the 17 figure of the second order doth shew that there shall be drawne foorth 15 men in ranke of armed pikes in length of the battel which serue to arme the two flanks out of 108 men per ranke the breadth of the battell there resteth 93 men per ranke for breadth or front And these 93 must be diuided into so manie parts as one would that the Maniples should march in ordinance or arraies the one after another as the way will permit Aduertising you that although I haue giuen order and examples to arme the front traine and both flankes of the battell in forme and manner as I haue set downe in the 24 and 25 figures with placing the armed pikes which remained out of them which armed the front traine and both the flankes of
moores meddowes fields open or enclosed forests woods thickets or whether the countrey be stony plaine field or ditched and all difference of situations of grounds as well of the hils and high mountaines as of the plaine and champain to the end that he may consider foresee preuent and prepare for euery place where the enemy may annoy him For many times one regiment is to march alone and then doth it touch the Sergeant Maior to haue the care and speculation hereof as it doth the Campe-Maister Generall when the whole army marcheth for that it befall him not as it did vnto the Romaines in the Furcas Caudinas and vnto many other through the like misregard And for more security hereof they are to procure faithful and trusty guides and skilful way leaders to the end not to be beguiled and abused as Hannibal was when he warred in Italy against the Romaines who willing to leade his army vnto Cassinum was led and guided vnto Casilinum to be put into the hands of Quintus Fabius Maximus Generall of the Romaines his enemies Now the order being knowne and the way reknowledged and the houre of remouing at hand he is to commaunde the drumme maior to sound the call Recoia or assembling and euery Captaine of infantery to cause their baggage to be trussed vp and laden and shall straight wayes draw foorth his ensignes out of their quarter into the place of armes and there shall frame his battell or squadron reparting their Captaines into such places as concerneth them that day and shall dispose and appoint the Sergeants of ordinary bandes in such sort that euery one may know what part he hath to gouerne and set in order And for as much as it is seldome seene that the wayes fieldes and passages be so large that the whole battell may march all in front he is to frame his ordinances arraies or Maniples no greater then that the same may march commodiously and at ease thorough the same the order whereof I haue at large declared in folio 62 67 68 and 92 alwayes prouided that he quarter or deuide not his battell if the passage will so permit into no lesse then the third part of the front thereof as thus if the front be of 27 pikes the Maniples or ordinance shall be of 9 and if 21 in front then the deuision or quartering shall be of 7 in front and so of other numbers for he is to conduct his companies so well disciplined and ordered that occasion being offered hee may with speede and readinesse frame and set his battell or battallions reparting the Captaines and officers in places most conuenient as before is sayd Gent. But tell vs how is he to repart them and who shall go in the vantgard which in the battell and who in the reareward and in what part shall the Colours be placed that this readinesse and quicke dispatch might be performed in setting the battell as you speake of Capt. The order I haue partly spoken of before but to giue you content I will repeate it againe therefore me thinkes that the order to be obserued therein is thus That the shot of the forlorne hope and the shot of the right flanke being deuided into many small troupes as I said should march before then next the girdling shot of the said right side after them should follow the ordinances and Maniples of pikes in such sort order as before is declared to the end that the ensignes go not crossed either in one sort or other he is to place them alone after another within so many rankes of pikes so that when soeuer he brings his Maniples vp together pouldron to pouldron to the framing of his battell they may still remaine in their conuenient places which is in the center Then after the pikes shall follow the girdling shot of the left flanke and last of all in the reareward shall follow the troupes of shot belonging to the left flanke and reareward and hauing passed the straight and the squadron formed then may they repaire each girdling shot and troupes to their due and conuenient roomes as before of which orders of Maniples and quartering of battels I haue before declared at large Gent. Is there any meaning or misterie in marching the left or right side shot before in the vantgard Capt. None truly that I know of more then that in all our actions we ought to incline what we can vnto perfection and as the right hand is the more perfect and noble from thence it is reason that wee begin to frame our battels and in that place also to begin to disseuer them Gent. The munition and baggage belonging to the Companies where are they to goe to cause least hinderance and to passe in most security Capt. The consideration that is to bee had when an army doth march is that if the enemy be knowne to be on head the vantgard vpon the way you are to passe then let the munition and baggage be placed in the reareward and per contra if the enemy be found to be in the reareward then passe your baggage to the forward and if on the right side then conuay it to the left and if on the left side then transport it vnto the right with the like consideration and in this sort shall the campe be alwayes a wall and defence vnto the munition and baggage And if in marching the enemy do offer to fight the munition by this meanes shall be no let or hinderance at all And besides all this there ought to be sent abroade certaine Hargulutiers or light horse to scoute before the munition and carriage to preuent the suddain incursions of the enemies stragling horse The same order ought also to be obserued in the marching of one regiment alone But in case that there were no enemy and they might march through places plaine safe and secure the munition and cariage ought alwayes to passe in the foreward with a sufficiēt gard of pikes shot and short weapons that for good respect because it is very commodious for the souldiers that when they come well wearied to their quarter they may find their tents ready pitched and many times their forrage prouided and not to stay attending and expecting the same comming many times wet dirtie ouer tired and halfe dead with hunger and again if by hap any of the cariages do fal the owners of the baggage may help to redresse wherby to saue their baggage and furniture which could not be done if it marched in the reareward Gent. But if it should happen that in none of these sayd parts the baggage might march in safety as in Barbarie or other Champaine countrey where the enemies number consisteth most of horse we not hauing sufficient numbers to answer them what is then to be done where the enemy may charge on euery side Cap. Then in the center of the battell or betwixt the squadrons with
to the discretion of the Scout-maister if there be any or vnto the care of the diligent Sergeant carefull Caporall or other such officer to set them in such sort and with such disposition of the ground and place and distance that they may before the enemy arriue giue aduisemēt in sufficient time to the Corps de guard wherby they may be readie with weapon readie bent And therefore in such places of suspect and daunger there ought to be placed souldiers of importance and care and men of best credit sith it concerneth the securitie of the Campe which remaineth quiet reposed and at rest trusting vnto the care and diligence of these Sentinels vnto the which an order is to be giuen how to behaue themselues in any alarmes presented giuing them the Word deliuered by the Sergeant And if the place be obscure and full of couert he shall set abroad certaine forlorne Sentinels without the Word single and if occasion require double a shot and a pyke to giue knowledge of the alarme This is sometimes done with a whistle or hysse for not to disturbe the campe without great neede or good occasion His principall care is to visite and reuisite them as well by day as by night making his Contraround with great care and diligence and to be readie at euerie call and neede He is to repart the victuals deliuered by the Sergeant for his Squadron with liberalitie and equalitie vnto euery Camarada without partialitie to any and shall procure that in their lodgings they accommodate themselues together as true companions and loyall friendes he himselfe being so vnto all both in deed and word for the better to keepe them at commaund and obedience the which doth most import to the well effecting of any act and so shall he accomplish what is encharged and commanded him as a prudent Officer Gent. Then is the word to be giuen to euery seuerall Sentinell sauing to the forlorne Sentinels as it appeareth by you or vnto the Caporals onely as I haue heard say Capt. Amongst the Spanish companies of their old Regiments where their souldiers be experimented trustie carefull it is so vsed but amongst new companies the Caporals onely haue the Word who are to be readie vpon euery call of the Sentinels to see the occasion and to take the Word the which is so done with great consideration for many inconueniences and disorders which rawe Bisognios will commit and therfore those Posts or Sentinels which had the word being relieued changed are presently by the Sergeant or Officer carried vnto the Corps de gard not suffred to depart thence vntill the watch be discharged Gent. In what order is he to take the word Capt. Being a shot he ought to haue his peece readie charged primed and to cocke his burning match and so to present his peece and being a pikeman to tertiar or charge his pike and no further off then that with so low a voice as they may vnderstand one another to demaund the Word as in the Sergeant Maiors office I will more at large declare Now euery Caporall or Cabo de esquadra deuides his Squadra into two equall partes naming eyther of them a Camarada contayning each twelue souldiers or any other number according to the proportion of his Squadra And ouer euery Camarada or such number of souldiers is there appointed a Cabo de Camara being the most sufficientest souldier of the saide Camarada The which Capos de Camara are assistents vnto the Caporall for the good direction and gouernement of his Squadron and are necessarie Officers for the speedie embattelling or changing of proportions of any number of men as hereafter shall be declared The Sergeant of a Band his election and office Capt. In the election of the Sergeant there is greater cōsideration to be had for that in him consisteth the principall parts of the obseruation of Military discipline And for that the execution of the superior officers orders and commands doe concerne his charge and dutie it importeth much that he be a skilfull and valiant souldier and well experimented in martiall matters and I say of so great importance that more tollerable it were all the other officers of the companie yea were it the Captaine himselfe to be rawe men and Bisognios with litle experience and skill and the Sergeant not so who of necessitie ought to be an expert souldier and of great spirit and diligence It is requisite that he be somewhat learned both to write and reade and to cypher whereby to keepe a roll or list of all the souldiers of his cōpany with their seuerall weapons and haue them in memory by names of the Camaradas and to know distinctly how many armed Corslets and vnarmed pikes with the short weapons what number of Shot Musket and Calliuer to set with diligence at an instant all his companie in order as occasion shall cause and the place require wherein he shall be And to the end that he doe it not confusedly let him drawe each sort of weapons by themselues wherby to set them in order with more consideration dispatch and ease placing the most expert souldiers and best armed in the front rereguard and flankes where greatest occasion shall require For it toucheth him to see that his companie be well ranked in equall distance and in good array with their armour and weapon fitted and vsed in their due nature the which he must doe with great forecast cheerefull speeches and courteous wordes binding them thereby to loue him to regarde him to respect him instructing the Drummes and Phifes their seuerall soundes as howe to sound a Call a Troupe a March swift or slowe an Alarme a Charge a Retreit c. Sundry orders are vsed in ranking and placing each sort of weapon in a single companie but the best obserued is this the Muskets first and Calliuers in foreward rereward equally deuided the Pykes in like sort with their armed corslets in front rereward and flankes contayning in the Center their Ensigne with their armed Halberds to be ranked by 3.5 or 7 as the Sergeant shall thinke good But to enter into skirmishes or to frame any Squadrons let him obserue the order appointed by his Sergeant Maior shewing himselfe diligent and readie therein in so doing he gayneth honour reputation and credite and doing the contrarie infamie dishonour and shame breeding cause of disorder and loosing of time It is his office to order and deuide the Squadrons assigning which shall be for the Corps de guard which for the walles which for the streetes of the quarter where they are lodged and which are to accompanie the Colours and he shall not suffer any souldier to come thither without his Armes fully furnished Hee is also to appoint which shall goe to the Scout-watch and those which shall worke in the Rāpier Trenches If any quarrels or brawles do arise amōgst the company
renowne and fame Gent. If in fight the Ensigne be broken and the Enemie do carie away a part thereof doth the Ensigne-bearer lose thereby his reputation Capt. No not a iot so that hee keepeth the verie trunke of the staffe in his hand When the Companie doth march the Ensigne-bearer may carie his Colours resting vpon his shoulder eyther open or folded vp but making a stand or Alto he is bound by dutie to aduance the Ensigne and not to campear it or pitch it on the ground for that is the tricke of a Bisognio and doth repugne the authoritie and grauitie of his office In fights in encounters in musters and in presence of the Lord Generall he must cary his Colours displayed passing by him he must aduance it only bowing the point somewhat downward without any more ceremonies but if he passe by the king or Prince he shall withall bow somewhat one of his knees as a difference from the Generall In Ordinances or framed battels alwayes the Ensignes do march in one large or long ranke iointly in the middest of the Squadron the most place of honour is the left and right out-sides the Ensigne on the right hand carying the preheminence who giueth direction and order to the rest in this sort if hee beareth his Ensigne on his shoulder loose so are all the rest to carie theirs and if fardled vp all they are to do in the like order and so imitating him in all other maners and shewes and if he deliuereth his vnto his Abanderado and take the Halberd the rest are to do the like and the selfe same orders are to be obserued by the Auanderados for it is an vnseemly shew to see in a ranke of Ensignes different orders one from another The Abanderados are vsed to be souldiers and some do set their owne seruants to that office These ought to go well apparelled and well armed for I haue seene sometimes amongst the Spaniards the Alferes themselues to passe into other ranks to fight leauing the Ensigne with the Abanderado but I like it not for it is not lawfull for the Ensigne-bearer to leaue his Colours neither to fight but with the same in his hand and that vpon such occasions as before I haue declared no though it were to shew his valour and prowesse In the lodging the Ensigne shold be accompanied with a Corps de garde although it be in place of quiet and out of all suspition as well for the authoritie and reputation of the same as to auoyd manie inconueniences which happen to succeed through mutinies brawles and frayes It is also conuenient that the Ensigne-bearer haue alwayes with him a Drum to call his companie together and for such occasions as shall be offered for the Ensignes should be of such veneration and haue bene so respected of the Souldiers that there hath seldome bene seene any one flying to the sanctuarie thereof auoyding the Souldiers furie to bee pursued or hurt esteeming their Ensigne a thing inuiolable as it fell out in Brescia when the mutinous souldiers wold haue slain the Lord Lewes Yearts their Generall who flying to the Ensigne it was enough to cause them to leaue off so shamefull and so abhominable attempt When the Souldiers do enter into any Corps de gard either in Castle towne fortresse or campe they ought not to disarme themselues vntil they see their Alferes first vnarmed vpon whom they should haue their eyes fixed to imitate as they haue vpon the Ensigne he beareth to follow wherefore the Ensigne-bearer is not to disarme vntil the gates of the Fort or place of defence wherein they are be first shut if it be in campe or field when it seemeth that he may safely do it not otherwise to the end that the souldiers take not example from him of vnsoldiarie negligence and slouth but rather of all vigilancy care and paine Gent. You haue largely set downe the aduertisements touching this Officer wherein you haue notified many martiall points vnknowne to vs therfore I pray proceed to the Lieutenants office and dutie Capt. This Officer amongst the Spanish companies is not vsed but amongst vs the Italians French therfore I will touch somewhat of him by the way The Lieutenant his office and duty He therefore that is chosen to this office ought to be a man of great experience fidelity and valour who in the absence of his Captaine carieth his roome charge and command vnto whom the souldiers and vnder-officers are to obey for the time as vnto the Captaine himselfe notwithstanding he must vse it with such discretion and moderation that he arrogate not too much vnto himselfe but at his Captaines returne he shall with all loue truth and dutie enforme him of all things and matters passed If any questions and ciuill debates do arise amongst the souldiers of his band he is to pacifie iudge and determine the same with grauity and good speeches whereby he shall binde them more firmely vnto him in obedience and loue and when as he cannot concert and agree them he is to referre them ouer vnto his Captaine but the most faultie and offenders hee may cause to be apprehended and send them to the Colonell or Marshall It is his charge and office to see that the Company be prouided of all necessaries aduertising the Caporals to see well to their charges and aduising the Sergeant to be diligent carefull and ready in his office wherein he shall ayd help assist him both in ordering the company and in setting the watch the which he is precisely bound to perform himself in the Sergeāts absence or time of infirmity He is to passe with the Companie vnto the Corps de garde to see the watch and Sentinels set and often times to visite and reuisite the same and to perswade the souldiers to respect with obedience their Sergeant and Caporals wherefore it importeth him to be well spoken discreet and wise to moue perswade them with sound reasons to the obseruation and obedience of Militarie discipline disburdening thereby his Captaine of manie and sundrie toiles It toucheth him also to see the souldiers appointed to their lodgings giuing order for the same vnto the Harbenger and how he shall distribute the baggage and cariage amongst the particular souldiers and the sicke men carefullie to bee looked vnto not suffering these Harbengers or Furriers to rob purloine and filch as they are wont to do whereby great scandals do arise as at the rising of the Vlishingers and in sundrie other places hath appeared His place of march his Captaine being present is in the Rere-ward of all the company but after any fight or skirmish in retiring marching out of the field he is to passe before and the Captaine in the rere-ward Now for as much as by that as shall be declared in the ordinarie Captaines office may easily bee vnderstood the dutie of this officer hauing the whole
best abilitie and knowledge declare vnto you such matters as I haue found by mine owne experience eyther learned from the directions of braue Commaunders vnder whom I haue serued or gathered out of the best authors which haue written vpon this subiect VVarre Indeede at the beginning of these our speeches I did not then thinke to haue marched so farre into this Martiall field for my fiue or sixe yeares discontinuance from action had almost driuen all the courses order and methode thereof out of my mind and memorie but your curious demaundes and questions haue both drawen me on sharpened my wit and refresht my memorie wherein if I haue erred or may misse hereafter as no man but erreth some more some lesse I submit my selfe to the censure and correction of men more experimented and of better parts then my selfe Gent. Truely Captaine you say very well and I would we had many of no meaner partes nor of no worse meaning then your selfe in mine opinion then no doubt but our common souldiers should be better instructed and be better dealt withall then they now are by some of their Captains But letting these matters passe I pray what order would you wish to be obserued in the trayning of our souldiers here with vs in the countrie sith we are commanded to traine and as yet I see litle good order obserued in the same Capt. Touching the true and orderly trayning of your people in this our Moderne Militia I haue in generall roued ouer some part thereof alreadie but not so particularly as such an action would require wherein I could heartily wish that as neere as possible we might we should reduce ourselues with such armes as we now vse vnto the forme manner and course of the auncient Romanes in their Militia and discipline of warre although ages seasons and inuentions haue altered much and many weapons by them vsed Gent. I pray what order did the Romanes obserue in their warres and how were they armed Capt. The Romanes deuided their foot people of warre into men armed with heauie armour or as we may tearme it armor complete and into light armed men Those which were light armed they called by one common name Velites vnder which word they vnderstood all such as carried slinges darts bowes crosse-bowes and such like the greatest part of whom were armed with a skull or close Cellat for the head and had besides their other weapons a shield or Target vpon their left arme to defend and couer themselues and did fight or skirmish in straggling sort a good distance from those that were armed with heauie or complete armour in Squadron Vnto those may we well compare our shot especially them of the forlorne hope or Enfans Perdus as the French doe terme them Their people armed with heauie or complete armour had first a Cellat or Burgonet which couered their head and reached ouer their shoulders then for their bodie a Cuyrasse whose flappes or tasses couered their thighes euen down to the knees their legges and armes were armed with Greaues and Vambraces and for their defence they carried a shield of foure foote long and two foot and a halfe broad bound about with a band of yron and for weapon they had a sword not ouer long girt vnto their left side a short dagger vpon their right and in their hand a Iauelin or Dart which they called Pilum the which at the beginning of their fight they did lance or dart at the enemie vnto these may we compare our Corslets and Pykes whereof we frame our battels or battaillions and our armed halbards partizans and other short weapon Commonly a Romane army consisted of two Romane Legions which was a Consuls armie and of two Auxiliarie legions which were of their friends or confederates Their Legion consisted at the first but of three thousand footmen and three hundred horse but afterwards encreased vnto 5.6 or 8000. foote Their legion they deuided into Cohortes Maniples and Centuries Euery legion of 6000. foote was deuided into ten Cohorts at 600. to euery Cohort and euery Cohort into sixe Centuries after 100. men to euery Centurie and euery Centurie into foure Maniples after 25. souldiers vnto euery Maniple or into fiue Maniples at 20. souldiers to euery Maniple Moreouer euery legion was deuided into 3. partes or orders of battels into Hastati Principes and Triarij The Hastati were set in the front of their armie in order of Squadrons thicke and sure behinde them were placed the Principes but with the order of their Squadrons more rare and thinner After these againe were ranged the Triarij but with the order of their Squadrons much more thinner then the Principes Now their slingers darters archers or crosse-bowes and such light armed were placed without these Battels or Squadrons on the flanks and front between the horsemen and their armed battell as we do or ought to do in mine opinion our shot some filâ—ers of Pykes Halberds and such other short weapon Gent. What sort of men thinke you fittest to be chosen for souldiers and to be trayned and what order in their trayning Capt. I suppose men of the better sort from the age of eighteene yeares vnto thirtie yeares are fittest to be chosen Now the signes whereby to coniecture the persons most apt for warres by the Phisiognomie and proportion of bodie are these The eyes quicke liuely piercing the head and countenance vpright the breast broad and strong the shoulders large the armes long the fingers strong and synowie the belly thinne the ribbes large the thigh bigge the legge full and the foote leane and drie for whosoeuer is of this disposition and with these conditions cannot chuse but be nimble and strong which are two qualities chiefly to be required in a souldier I could wish that those Bandes which are appointed to be trayned for of the Officers I haue spoken before should be by their Captaine Muster-maister and other Officers trayned at the least once euery moneth or oftener as the weather and season will permit and euery Caporall with his Cabos de Camera to traine and instruct their Esquadra especially of shot once euery weeke or once euery fortnight at the least ensigning them the vse of their weapon and order of sleight skirmish For often practise maketh men readie especially and shot the which without readinesse and skill is a weapon of litle aduantage and in the hands of perfect souldiers is a weapon of great aduantage and of wonderfull execution Now the seuerall companies hauing bene well applyed and taught for a time by their Captaine and other officers I would wish should once euery three monethes meete and ioine some foure or fiue companies together in some conuenient place then and there to bring them into such formes as should be needfull for so many companies And once a yeare at the least all the companies of the whole shire to meete in
gard to their watch reseruing many other particular matters vntil I come to treat of the office of the Sergeant Maior where many Militarie points shall be at large discoursed You must note that euery single company marching training alone their pikes are first ranked by 3 4 5 6 or 7 or more in a rancke according to their number the number of euen or od in ranke importeth nothing as I sayd before hauing their ensigne and halbards contained within the center or middle ranke of their pikes Then the shot is to be ranked altogether with the like number of men in a ranke and then to cut them off or deuide them at the middle ranke leading the one halfe of them vnto the forefront of the pikes and there to place them in euen files with the pikes and the other halfe is to be brought vnto the traine of the pikes and there filed in like maner alwayes regarding to place the muskets of the first halfe of your shot in the formost rankes and those of the other halfe in the hindermost ranke Now thus marching on and comming to the place of Corps de gard the shot of the vantgard are to make Alto or stand then the pikes to march vp by them and the first ranke of pikes comming vnto the formost ranke of the shot to make Alto also and then the pikes to double their rankes as before is declared to bring themselues into squadron euen ranke for ranke with the shot This being done then the other shot of the rereward is to march vp vpō the other hand of the pikes ranke for ranke with the said square of pikes and so is your squadron or battallion formed as by these figures following may appeare where I suppose one or two companies together in march containing in all 100 pikes and halberds 100 shot they march on 5 per ranke the shot of the vantgard makes their stand then do the pikes march vp by them comming vnto their formost ranke of the shot do stand also and there double their rankes so are they 10 rankes and ten files lastly commeth vp the shot of the arereward garnisheth the other flanke euen ranke with ranke and so is the squadron framed and garnished with shot Thus me thinks that I haue sufficiently intreated of this order of training as for other sortes of imbattailing we will hereafter speake of as occasion shall be offered THE SECOND DIALOGVE VVherein is declared of quadrat battels both of men and ground opinions tocuhing the mingling of short weapons with the pikes and lyning of battells with the same confuted the framing of battels of pikes in three sorts the placing of shot about the batell with the places of the horse and artillery Gentleman TThen I pray passe to your other officers of warre Capt. There be many petie officers vsed amongst vs as Clarke of the band Drummer Forrage maister Scout maister Trench maister Quarter maister Caporals of the field such like of whom I will speake particularly nothing but including them vnder the charge of other superior officers of the which I will begin with the duty of a Sergeant Maior whose office is of such importance care industry and skill especially in day of battell that I must be constrained before I enter into the parts of his office to describe the orders of fights and battels most vsed in these our moderne wars as a thing most pertinent vnto the aforesaid officer touching the sundry formes of battels vsed by antiquity wherein in mine opinion the Romaines did most excell I will speake at this instant litle more then what is sayd before considering that ages times occurrents inuentions and customes haue altred and dayly doth what antiquity thought best and best assured The formes of battels in our time are not many yet euery man almost hath a seuerall opinion thereof but common reason and experience hath made most men confesse and agree that of all formes the square battell be it either of square of men or square of ground is the most assured most strong and most apt to bee reduced into any other forme Gent. What meane you by this word Battell Cap. By the word Battell I vnderstand in this place a whole vnited body of souldiers well disciplined all armed with pikes to fight in day of battell an act of armes with good hope of victory the which for more security hath the front the traine and the two flankes of complet corslets to the end that being assayled or charged they may make the face or front of any or euery side or part and valiantly receiue the charge and may also charge and breake the enemy and attaine the victory Now in this body I vnderstand neither the shot nor cauallery the which are to haue an other order to another end Gent. Are these battels framed in one sort onely or in more or in many or in how many or what maner I pray are they made Capt Your curious demand deserueth answer I tolde you before that many sorts of battels haue beene framed by valiant and expert Captaines but the best approued and most vsed now is the square battell be it either of men or ground Gent. I would gladly know the reason why they make their battels square and what is meant by square of men and square of ground Capt. Battels are made square so vsed for that they are apt to frame the Front of euery side or part which could not be if they were Triangles or of any other forme vsed by antiquitie And it doth much import that the Front be gaillard and strong for the front once broken the battell stands in hazard And againe to serrie or close Pouldron to Pouldron the square forme is best for that they close equallie together strengthen the front to the victorie And this shall suffice touching the Quadrat Now concerning the difference of square of men and square of ground I say that the square of men is when there be so many men in front as in flanke or so many in length as in breadth and this sort of battell commeth to bee in ground two times and one third more long then broade and a Quadrat of ground will bee of men two times and one third more broade then long Gent. In how many maners may these square battels be made Capt. Were the Companies all of pikes with corslets complet and not mixt with bare pikes which is not lightly to bee found the framing of any of these sorts of battels would be very ready and easie and might be soone brought into any proportion without confusion the which being of pikes armed and vnarmed will require more care labour and paines to the framing thereof Now therefore I say in three sorts or maners most auaileable and most commodiously are battels framed in these dayes consisting of armed and vnarmed pikes 1 The first manner is when an army doth march with the
better vnderstand me I will go shewing the same by figures whereof this shall be the first And the 30 men which do remaine out of the body of the battell they shall be reserued for other purposes And this square battell of number of men may be done in a more shorter and readier way thus Take the quadrat roote of 5000 simply which is 70 and with this 70 deuide the 5000 men so will there come 71 for the breadth of the battel and there will remaine 30 men And thus your battell will containe 70 rankes in length and 71 men per ranke in breadth with 30 men remayning as aforesayd Now although the battell be more broade then long or more men in front then in flanke by one ranke yet is it neuerthelesse after the order of warre called a square battell of men The table drawne aforesayd for the proportion of equality that is that the battell do containe so many men in breadth as in length shall serue also to shew the order which is to bee obserued in the battels that are to be be made of more men in front then in flanke that is in proportion of inequality as hereafter I will shew you giuing you to vnderstand that all the figures shall haue their scala deuided into pases and euery geometricall pase into 5 foote of the which measure of feete I haue here vnder set downe the fourth part which is three inches for that euery foote is deuided into 12 inches to the end you may conceiue what quantity of ground euery battell of pikes would require allowing for euery mans station set in aray to fight 3 foote in front that is from pouldron to pouldron and 7 foote in flanke that is 3 foote before and 3 foote behind for the vse of his weapon and one foote for his owne station Gent By this your example you haue satisfied me wonderous well in giuing me to vnderstand how to set a battell quadrat of any number of men which is so many men in front as in flanke yet would I desire to know how to arme or impale this battell with armed pikes both front tayle and the two flankes considering that few armies haue all their pikemen furnished with corslets complete Capt. True there are few armies that haue scarse the one halfe of their pikemen armed with corslets which is a great part of the strength and beauty of the battell therefore we must seeke a course how to impale any battell with such armed pikes as they haue to do the which these rules following shall serue to impale any battell as well of proportion of inequality as of equality the foreward the reareward and the two flankes with pikes and armed corslets Now I suppose the whole number of pikes to be 5000 as well armed as vnarmed whereof there be 2000 armed pikes with corslets the sayd 2000 I will repart into two equall parts by 2 or taking the ½ of 2000 which is 1000 and with this 1000 will I impale the two flankes and with the other 1000 will I arme the front and traine of the battell Now first to arme the two flankes of the battell with 1000 armed pikes I will deuide 1000 by 70 which is the depth or flanke of the battell and the product will be 14 rankes of pikes to arme the flankes of the battell with 20 pikes of surplussage the 14 rankes shalbe halfed or deuided into halues which is 7 rankes with the which 7 rankes I will arme the one side and with the other 7 rankes the other side of the battell or more or lesse vnto any side as occasion or neede shall require as in this figure following shall appeare And the 20 armed pikes which before remained shall be added vnto the other 1000 which are to arme the front and rearegard of the battell so they are 1020 pikes armed with these 1020 armed pikes shall the front and rereward be armed thus first deduct the 14 rankes which went to arme the two flankes of 70 men in length out of 71 which is the breadth of the battell so resteth 57 rankes for the breadth with this 57 deuide the 1020 armed pikes and there will come foorth 17 rankes of armed pikes to arme the head and tayle of the battell and of these 17 rankes you shall set 9 rankes in the front and 8 rankes in the reareward with more or lesse on either as neede and cause shall require as by this 3 figure following shall appeare Thus this square battell of men commeth to be in length 70 rankes at 71 men per ranke in front with 9 rankes of armed pikes in the vaward and 8 rankes in the reareward and with 7 ranks of armed pikes at each side in length as you see And remaining 51 armed pikes out of the impalement the which you may place at the angles or corners of the vnarmed pikes as ye see in the 4 figure or where you shall thinke fittest for the defence and strength of the battell and not to leaue them out for being part of the square as you did the 30 pikes which before remained at the enlarging of so many men in ranke in the first figure The which 51 armed pikes are now placed in the angles of the battell as in the 4 figure before may appeare that is with 7 rankes at 2 men per ranke in the fore angles and 6. rankes at 2 men per ranke in the reareward angles Gent. O how it delighteth me to haue learned of you how to arme or impale a battell But now would I faine know if there be this number of men in the battell by you supposed with the 30 at first remaining Capt. To know if there be in this battell the number of 5000 men with the 30 which aduaunced at the first framing of the battell do thus multiplie the length by the breadth that is 70 by 71 men it amounteth 4970 men vnto the which adioyne the 30 which remained so will they amount vnto 5000 pikemen armed and vnarmed as before was set downe to set the said battell in the first figure which is your demaund Gent. This is verie easie but now would I faine know if they haue the proportion of equalitie Capt. That you shall know thus deuide the breadth by the length as to repart 71 by 70 the product is 1. And although that 1 do remaine of the breadth yet it is called a square battell neuerthelesse Gent. Captaine I am well satisfied in vnderstanding the proportion that a battell hath in breadth to the length but now would I gladly know how long and large is this square battell of men I meane how much ground it will occupie Capt. First you must vnderstand as I told you before that euery man martialled in battell array to fight will require in his station 3 foot of ground in breadth that is from shoulder to shoulder and 7 foote of ground for length that is 3 foot for before
him 3 foote for behind him and 1. foote of ground for his own station This being noted then must you multiplie the 71 rankes of men in front by 3 foote and they will amount vnto 213 foote and the 213 foote shall be deuided by 5 foote accounting 5 foote to a pase and the geometricall pase to conteine 2 ordinary going steps or pases of a man so will there come forth 42 pases and 3 foot By this reckening will the battell conteine 42 pases and 3 foote And now to know the length thereof in ground you shall multiplie the 70. rankes of length of the battell by 7 foote so will there come 490 foote the which 490 foote you must deuide by 5 foote which is a pase there ariseth 98 pases so doth the battell conteine in length 98 pases of ground Thus the square battell of number of men commeth to conteine more ground in length then in breadth about 2½ twise third as you haue seene in the 3 and 4 figures of the square battell of men Thus you haue vnderstood of a battell square of number of men with their armed pikes in front in traine and the two flankes which is in such order as the said battell should be framed vpon the point to fight Gent. I haue very well vnderstood the order that should be kept to know how broad and long is the battell of ground but I beseech you to shew me now the order to be obserued in the framing of the said battels so that there should neede no more but the Sergeant Maior to appoint the souldiers the order they should keepe for to frame and order the said battell with speede and in readinesse Capt. Truly your demaund is good sith that speedinesse is the proper and peculiar part of the arming of these battels To do the which you shall worke thus The armed pikes which are in the 2 flankes shall be accommodated and placed in the front and in traine of the battell as in the calculation of the 3 and 4 figure whereas there be 70. rankes at 14 men per ranke that is 7 men in ranke for the arming of euery flanke then multiplying 70 by 14 do amount 980 armed men and 980. armed men you shall deuide by 57. which is the rest of the breadth of the battell being of vnarmed pikes there resulteth 17 rankes at 57 armed men per ranke Of the which 17 rankes at 57 men by ranke there shall be adioyned 9 rankes vnto the front and 8 rankes vnto the traine of the battell with the other 9 and 8 ranks which were before of armed pikes at the front and traine So the battell shall be in length or by flancke 87 rankes at 57 men per ranke in front with 18 rankes of armed pikes at the foreward and 16 rankes of armed pikes in the reareward as in this figure following shall appeare And the 11 armed Pikes which remained at the last deuision when it shalbe time to arme the two flankes of the battell with speed then vnto one of the two flanks shall they be added which is vnto that flanke where the same shall bee found wanting Gent. Me thinks that I vnderstand sufficiently how to arme and set a battell with celeritie and speed at euerie occasion as shall be offered and also the order to be obserued in setting a battell of equalitie which is as manie men in breadth as in length but now I would gladly learne how to frame a battell of inequality which is of more men in breadth then in length Capt. Sir knowing how to frame the calculation of the proportion of equalitie that is as many men in breadth as in length of a battell it shall be verie easie for you to do that of inequalitie which is a battell more broade then long yet neuerthelesse will I giue you the instruction of the proportion of inequalitie Now put the case that you will frame a battell of proportion of inequalitie which is of more men in breadth then in length and that your number be 5000 men of armed and vnarmed Pikes as afore is sayd of the Square battell of men And put the case that you will frame this battell ⅓ times more in breadth then in length for this proportion is more vsed then any other in warres for that this is the proportion which commeth to make a battell quadrat of ground wherein most men are brought at once to fight in front And to make this battell you shall take in the table 2 and ⅓ which is in proportion as 7 to 3 and these two numbers are to be set downe for the first and second thing Now to haue the length of the battel the second number is set downe for the second thing and the number of men which you wil haue to be embattailed for the third as hereunder appeareth Then proceed as is done in framing the Square battell of men Then multiply and deuide as before is said The same order is to be obserued in euery other proportion of battels which you would make of more men in breadth then in length tearmed by some Englishmen Bastard square Brode square and Base square or by some others Twise fold Battels To worke the which now multiply 5000 the third by 3 the second and they make 15000 and this 15000 shall be deuided by 7 the first whereof the product is 2142 and 6 men remaining of which 6 make no accompt Now of 2142 extract the quadrat roote which is 46 and 26 yet remaining of which 26 make no reckening also as before is said and this 46 the roote of 2142 is the length of the battell Now the breadth or front thereof shall be found by deuiding the 5000 men by 46 the length of the battell and there will come 108 men in ranke for breadth of the battell and 32 men remaining the which 32 men shall stand out of the battell as before is said in the Square battell of men Thus shall this battell containe in flanke 46 rankes and in front 108 men per ranke as in this sixt figure will appeare And there will remaine 32 men which are not contained within the bodie of the battell The sixt figure Bode 108 men in ranke Gent. Now hauing vnderstood how to frame this battaile of proportion of inequalitie which is of more men in breadth then in length in euerie proportion with facilitie shew me how to arme the same with armed pikes Capt. To arme this battell of inequalitie that is more men in front then in flanke I wil shew you verie easily Let vs suppose to arme this battel round about the front the traine and the two sides proportionally according to the proportion that the breadth of the said battell hath vnto the length of the same which is as 7 vnto 3. Adde the said 7 vnto 3 and it is 10 so shall it be as 10 to 3. Then see in 5000 men how many be armed with
of the leafe The imbattailing of 5200 pikes armed and vnarmed short weapon 1300 muskets 3250 calliuers 3250. And of 〈◊〉 armes 400 and Launces 1000 and 600 hargulutiers with 14 field peeces In the before figured battell I haue placed and set downe the shot and short weapons belonging vnto the proportion of the said battell as here following shall particularly be declared First the battell or bodie of pikes armed vnarmed containing in number 4968 as in the figure before appeareth I haue framed in proportion of inequalitie being 2⅓ times more in breadth then in length in number of men called commonly a broad square which is in proportion as 7 to 3 which proportion couereth the due quadrate of ground as before I haue at large recited being impaled round about with 7 rankes of armed pikes at 108 men per ranke in front and 46 rankes in flanke For the furnishing of which battell with shot and short weapon in due proportion to the same I haue presupposed this course and order following after the rate to euery 100 men 40 pikes 10 halberds and short weapon 25 Muskets 25 Calliuers Which battell conteineth pikes 5200 whereof is within the body of the battell 4968 pikes halberds and short weapon 1300 Muskets 3250 Calliuers 3250 being in all 13000 men sorted and suted with weapons as appeareth and seuerally placed to fight as I suppose to most aduantage thus First the body of the battell containeth pikes 4968 armed and vnarmed being 108 in front and 46 rankes in flanke the which body is inuironed or girdled with Muskets at 5 in ranke round 1640 4 Squadrōs of Muskets at the angles of the battel at 50 per squadron 0200 30 Troupes of shot on the one flanke at 30 in a troupe amounteth 0900 30 Troupes of shot on the other flanke at 30 in a troupe amounteth 0900 17 Troupes of shot in the forlorne hope at 30 in a troupe amounteth 0510 46 Troupes of shot in the reareguarde at 30 in a troupe amounteth 1380 Summe totall of the shot bestowed about the battell 5530 More shot is bestowed about the guarde of one part of the artilliarie 0350 More shot placed in guarde of the other part of the artilliarie 0350 Finally there is shot left to guarde the munition summe 0270 Thus you see the whole number bestowed amounts 6500 Halbards and short weapon 1300 bestowed as followeth 06 Troupes short weapō mingled with the shot on the one flank at 30. 0180 06 Troupes short weapon mingled with shot on the other flanke at 30. 0180 05 Troups short weapō mingled the forlorne hope shot at 30 in tr 0. 0150 08 Troups short weapō mingled with the shot in the reareguard at 30. 0240 More short weapon with the one part of the artillerie to guard 0200 More short weapon with the other part of the artillerie 0200 Finally the rest of halbardes and short weapon are with the munition 0150 Thus also is bestowed the whole number of short weapon 1300 Finally there remained 232 pikes the which are placed in two squadrons with the rest of the halbardes and short weapon containing in each squadron 116 pikes and 200 short weapon as in their seuerall figures may appeare Aduertising moreouer that out of the body of the battell may be drawen some small number of pikes to be employed with the other pikes and halbardes at the guarde of the artillerie and munition which roome shall serue for Drummes Phiphes Chirurgians and hurt men where also is the place of the Generall if he thinke good But with this prouiso that you draw not so many pikes frō the heart of your battell that you leaue the same heartlesse To conclude The said battell is winged with 2 squadrons of men at armes at 200 in each squadron with 2 troupes of Launciers at 500 in euery troupe and with 2 troupes of hargulutiers and other shot on horsebacke at 300 horse in euery troupe And before them againe is placed 14 peeces of field ordinaunce in two parts hauing by them their guardes of shot and pikes as appeareth Thus haue you here seene in figure the embattailling and bestowing of 5200 pikes 6500 shot and 1300 short weapon and of 400 men at armes and 1000 Launciers and 600 hargoletiers imbattailled and placed and ready engaged to fight as particularly aboue appeareth Gent. Truly for mine owne part I haue litle skill to iudge but in mine opinion this seemeth wonderfull strong for one battell but me thinkes you haue framed your battell of more men in breadth then in length Capt. So it is For I haue set 108 men in breadth and 46 rankes in length the reasons thereof I shewed you before for by this meanes there commeth more hands at once to fight in front and the flankes notwithstanding sufficient strong especially hauing any aduantage by the seat which battell commeth to be an equall square of ground and a broad square of men in proportion of inequalitie as 7 is to 3 that is two times and a third of men more broad then long But for these formes of battels as they bring most hands to fight at once so are they not equally strong on each side as is the iust square of men wherefore it behoueth the leaders thereof to haue a care to the situation of the ground and to procure as neere as they can that the enemie may charge but in the front so shall they be wonderfull strong either against horse or foote And to encounter any foote enemie for no great force of enemies horse may be brought into one Ile I suppose no forme more strong then this for one onely battell Gent. Why are there vsed more battels then one in one fight Capt. Yea truly and with great reason and aduauntage were men experte and skilfull For as it is venturous to set ones fortune vpon the brunt of one sole battell so is it daungerous to frame many batallions except men be very skilfull and well practised therein by reason of the difficultie in seconding one another And againe it is rarely seene in our dayes that men come often to hand-blowes as in old time they did For now in this age the shot so employeth and busieth the field being well backed with a resolute stand of pikes that the most valiantest and skilfullest therein do commonly import the victorie or the best at the least wise before men come to many hand-blowes Gent. But your battell thus framed and engaged to fight what order take you therein then Capt. It is hard for any man to giue any direct course before the enemie bee knowen and seene For the occurants of warre bee so manifold and strange that sometimes vpon a moment the first resolutions and courses taken are to be altered as was well to be seene in our actions with the Spanyardes in anno 1588 at sea Where our first determinations and appointed orders were
fellow L following him vntill F. be his side fellow then shall H. passe forward toward D. vntill he finde C. to be his side fellow M. following H. Q. following M. Then shall I. step vp betweene D. K and N. following I R. following N and VV. following R. Likewise O shall go nearer vnto K. vntill he finde P. his right side fellow and N. on his left side S. shall follow O and X. shall follow S then shall T. proceede towardes P and Y. follow T. Lastly Z. shall step vp betweene and Y So is there framed a perfect triangle or wedge battell as in this figure following shall appeare Here haue you seene how out of a square of men hath bin first reduced a Diamant battell simple and out of the Diamant a triangle or wedge battell in perfect order to fight which is with 1. man in the first ranke 3 in the second and 5 in the third ranke so consequently augmenting 2 in euery ranke with the Ensigne in the middest Now by this order out of 2 iust squares of men are reduced 2 triangles and of two perfect Triangles is formed a Perfect Diamant battel by ioyning the two rereward parts together But first out of the one Triangle must be drawen the last ranke of all the which may be placed at the latter point of the Diamant battell or else as the Sergeāt Maior shall thinke good The figures of both which squadrons reduced into Diamant formes and from Diamants into 2 Triangles lastly adioyning the 2 Triangle backe parts together is formed a perfect Diamant battell fit to fight as by their seuerall figures here following may be seene These two squadrons shal be reduced into 2 triangles in manner as aforesaid which will be in forme following In these 6 former figures I haue declared the order how out of 2 squadrons of men to bring them into 2 Diamant formes simple and out of 2 Diamant formes single to reduce them into 2 perfect Triangles by causing all their middle ranks to march vp vntill they find their leadsman before them in their due distance the which 2 Triangles being thus perfected as in the 4 and 5 figure may appeare and ioyning the two backe parts together do make this perfect Diamant forme to fight as here by the 2 figures following shall appeare But of the second figure I haue drawen the latter ranke of one of the Triangles being nine men and placed them at one of the corners Now touching the Sheeres battell the same is to be made of 4 battallions of equal proportiō working as before you did with the Diamant Triangle battels the which 4 battallions being reduced as before is sayd into 2 triangles and ioyning their two corners together is framed the Sheeres battell as here you see Loe here the Sheere battell framed of 4 battallions to backe the which you must draw vp 2 3 or 4 rankes of pikes according to the proportion of the battell and place them on the backe part thereof as you see aboue designed by this letter O where I haue backed the same with 2 rankes at 18 men in a ranke And also the same order is to be obserued in the Saw battell as after appeareth Next is the Saw battell which containeth 3 sharpe angles framed of 6 battallions in such order as the Wedge Sheeres battels before wrought as here in the figure following is designed Thus you see this Saw battell framed and reduced out of 6 square battallions But there is another order yet to frame these Diamant Triangle Saw and Sheere battels which is thus Place in the first angle or ranke one man in the second ranke 3 men in the third ranke 5 men and in the fourth ranke 7 men and so consequently adding vnto euery ranke 2 men vntill you haue finished your battell into such proportion as you shall thinke good Now there haue I spent more time in those trifling formes and vnused proportions then I needed but only to giue you content and to the end to shew that he which is a Sergeant Maior ought not to be ignorant in any manner of proportions as well ancient as moderne whereby he may be both able skilfull and ready to frame alter and change his proportions as occasion shall be offered and that with facilitie and speed Gent. To what intent and purpose were these proportions of Diamant Triangle Sheeres and Saw battels first deuised Capt. The Triangle and Diamant battels were inuented by antiquitie to encounter the square the Sheeres battell to encounter the Triangle or Wedge battell and the Saw battell to encounter the Sheeres battell All the which are in small vse in our dayes Gent. Will you speake nothing of the Crosse battell so much commended by some men nor of the battell compounded of sundry battallions Capt. The Crosse battels haue bene most vsed by the Swedens and high Germaines The forme whereof be it in sundry battallions seuerally appointed or in one whole and entire battell all together ioyned is no doubt of maruellous great strength and verie excellent conueyance by reason of the sundry places of safegard and defence ministred to the shot and hurt persons therein It is commonly framed of 5 battallions or squadrons 4 in crosse wise and one in the middle the which middle battallion may conteine your Ensignes and short weapons but if it be framed of 4 battallions with the center vnfilled then may the center containe the impedimentes and baggage of the armie I haue here figured a Crosse battell compounded of 5 battallions the middle battallion conteineth the Ensignes and short weapons without their shot And in the second figure I haue set downe the sayd Crosse battell with their shot bestowed in the 4 voyde angles or corners in 4 other battallions or squadrons as may appeare Now for as much as I intend to frame certaine Tables to the forming of euery sort maner of all these foresayd battels battallions of all numbers of mē from the smallest number vnto 10000 pikes I will leaue at this instant to speake any more therof hoping this already spoken to be sufficient for any willing minded Gentlemen which haue not yet seene wars desirous to vnderstand some points of martiall matters for vnto those do I write not vnto the expert souldier whose skill and experience annexed with learning I honour and reuerence For surely speculation without Practise is but halfe of the Arte but both ioyntly together maketh the same perfect Gent. Although we haue bin tedious vnto you yet I pray let vs intreat you to shew vs the order of the battell compounded of many battallions Capt. To deuide a small power into many parts were but dangerous but hauing a sufficient and competent armie the maner is now a dayes to deuide them but into 3 distinguished into Vantgard Battell Rereward yet if men were perfect and ready a sufficient armie might well be
reparted into sundry battallions contained in two or three frōts neare after the ancient Romanes the one to supply and second the other a matter of great importance especially if it shold come to campall fight by reason of the diuerse breathings and succouring one another a thing seldome seene in our age Gent. What meane you by a sufficient and competent armie Capt. Not a handfull of men of three or foure thousand as we vse now a dayes But I vnderstand that a sufficient and able armie should conteine 12000 pikes and short weapons or there abouts and as many shot making 24000 in both and also 6000 horse Gent. How would you repart these 12000 pikes and short weapon into 3 battallions distinguished into vantgard battell and reareward or into more battallions I pray shew vnto vs the order thereof in figures Capt. Of these 12000 pikes and short weapon behold here in figure 11000 of them for there is 1000 reserued for other purposes deuided first into 3 battels or squares of men and then againe into 9 battallions and lastly into 12 as by their seuerall figures shall appeare The figure of 11000 pikes reparted into 3 battels The figure of 11000 pikes deuided into 9 battallions The figure of 11000 pikes reparted into 12 battallions Gent. The first or vantgard of the 11000 pikes reparted into 3 battels containeth 4900 piquiers whose square roote is 70 which is 70 rankes and 70 men per ranke or 70 in front and 70 in flanke or 70 ranks and 70 files all which is all one In the second of those 3 battels distinguished by name of battell is contained 3969 pikes whose square roote is 63 containing so many men in front and flanke the third of those battels tearmed by the name of reareward doth containe 1936 pikes Lastly the cubike roote whereof is 44 and so many it containeth in front and flanke being all square battels of men Now in the marching of these battels vp to fight there is great and many considerations to be had both for the wind the sunne and aduantage of ground and also the quantity and quality of the enemy as whether he do exceede more in foote then in horse and also their maner and forme of embattailing All which considerations and many more must proceede from the good capacity sound intendement and militarie skill of our Generall and other commanders of our army vnto whom if it shall so seeme necessary and occasion so require first to leade the vātgard alone to fight the same is afterward to be seconded by the battel marching vp by the right or left flanke of the vantgard and ioyning with whom may renew the fight a fresh And then if it fall out that they should be againe distressed the rereward is then to march vp vpon either the right or left side as cause shall most require and so ioyning with the other two to renew againe their encounter and fight wherein both skill valour and vertue must be shewed And whereas I haue in those battels proportioned 70 men to the depth of the vangard and but 63 to the battell and 44 to the rereward the which drawne vp together in that proportion should badly correspond by reason of their different depthes or flankes it must be therefore considered that the first shocke and brunt is commonly the hardest and no doubt but many men of the first ranks must fall at their seuerall encounters and comming so to passe as of necessity it would then these different proportions should soone come to be different as any iudicious men may conceiue Secondly the said number of the 3 battels are deuided into 9 battallions of the same kind and nature that their grand battels were of whereof there is made 3 fronts in the first front is contained 4 battallions or squadrons with their seuerall spaces betwixt The second front or supply is framed of 3 battallions with their seuerall spaces betwixt And the third front or last hope and succour containeth 2 battallions The which 2 battallions I haue placed vpon the two out angles of the 3 middle battallions and in the voide spaces betwixt is placed the impediments and baggage of the army The seuerall breadth depthes and numbers of euery of these battallions are set downe in their seuerall figures Gent. To what purpose serueth the voyde spaces betwixt euery battell Capt. The voide spaces may serue for the troupes of shot to sallie out of skirmish with the enemy and to retire againe and also for the 3 battallions of the second front to march vp and passe betwixt them for the battallions of the first front hauing encountred the enemy and feeling themselues distressed are warily and orderly to retire with their faces and weapon point bent vpon the enemie At which retiring the Battallions of the second front are to aduance foreward and to passe in betwixt the voide spaces of the first 4 battallions and so all ioyning valiantly together with the first to make a fresh head and to begin a second fight And being then againe distressed they are all orderly to retire as is sayd Then lastly the two battallions of the 3 front are to aduance the one vp by the one side of the other battallions and the other vp by the other side of them or as occasion shall most require and then finally all ioyntly together to giue a third and finall fight By which order it should seeme fortune to abandon them thrice before that they should be quighte vanquished And last of all the former 3 battels are reparted into 12 battallions of the same kind distinguished into 3 fronts The first front whereof containeth 5 battallions of 961 men in each battallion whose square roote is 31 with their seuerall spaces betwixt The second front is framed of 4 battallions of 961 men each whose square roote is still 31 with seuerall spaces betwixt euery battallion And the third front is formed of 3 battailions containing in each 625 men whose square roote is 25 for front and flanke The which three fronts of battallions are orderly to aduance to charge to retire and to recharge as in the former discourse is described Gent. The shot belonging vnto the said numbers where are they to be placed and emploied Capt. The shot appertaining vnto euery of these battels and battallions ought to be deuided in mine opinion into sundry small troupes trouping about the said battels and battallions to maintaine skirmish and some to be placed vpon bankes ditches and ground of aduantage the situation yeelding such according to the direction of the Sergeant Maior generall and the cauallery a reasonable distance without the out angles of the battels or battalions in troupes and squadrons seruing as wings to the same and vpon groundes of aduantage and places fit for their seruice with good regard had that they passe not on the front of your battallions for danger of disordering
sundry small troupes of 50 in each troupe at 5 in front and 10 in depth or more or lesse as occasion shall procure the ordering and placing of which shot doth appeare in folio 42 43 73 is in many other places described so that one troupe may alwayes be ready to second another and to giue breathing one to another Gent. But what haue you next to speake more of before you returne to the office of the Sergeant Maior by reason of whose office you haue made these sundry demonstrations of diuerse and many sorts of battels and battallions as a matter most pertinent vnto the said Sergeant Maior his office Cap. I should now set downe the tables of all these sundry proportions as first of battels in proportion of equality which is the iust square of men their order of ranking their deuiding into Maniples and so marching vp shoulder to shoulder to bring them into their former order of battell with the marching vp of their remainers their due numbers of girdling shot and the deuiding of the said battels into sundry battallions of the same kind then againe the tables of battels in proportion of inequalitie which is more in breadth then depth with their deuisions into battallions of that sort and the table of euen battallions for crosse battels and of other proportions with the quantity of ground that euery of them would require but time permitteth me not reseruing the same vnto the last booke of these our military discourses But I must now speake something by the way of marching our battell through straightes and being passed how to fall againe into the former proportions When you come to any straight it must be considered of what widenesse the passages are and how many men may go in front easily thorow the same and then may you accordingly at your discretion chuse whether you will draw your battell out into the former Maniples that the same marched in before their comming into battell as in the seuerall tables thereof shall be shewed or into more Maniples or parts if thereunto you shall be compelled by the narrownesse of the place which likewise being so wide that fewer Maniples then you marched vp before will serue for their diuision you may accordingly also draw them out into 3 5 7 or 9 Maniples as the nature of the straight and your iudgement concurring together shall thinke meete Alwayes prouided that the ensignes be contained in the middle Maniple and hauing passed the straightes you may againe draw them vp shoulder to shoulder as in the order of marching in Maniples is before in folio 62 63 66 and 68 declared whereby easily and without confusion they shall foorthwith fall in their former proportion But as concerning your shot you shall not neede except the straight be very narrow to draw them out into any such parts without it be those in the girdling which as they stand in proportion in the battell must be drawne out into Maniples with the pikes for if mine opinion might be receiued touching the other shot I would alwayes aduise that the residue should euer more remaine in many small troupes not aboue 40 or 50 shot at the most in a troupe as before I haue shewed for that by experience I know the same to be of greatest force and readinesse for seruice be it therefore in plaine or straight or how soeuer the more troupes your shot be seuered into the better shall the enemy still be applied besides the seconding the one of the other with such quicke dispatch shall cause that after the first troupes haue once discharged they retiring themselues behind all the rest shall be sure against they come vp againe to haue leasure enough to charge sufficiently and surely that few shot shall be spent in vaine as they do when great numbers be clustred together Now if it should fortune as most commonly it chaunceth that the enemy should fight with you in the straight then must you not draw your battell into those Maniples or parts but consider whether the straight be such as will suffice you to go thorough holding the same proportion that you haue If not then consider whether squaring the battell into 4 parts you may with so many battallions passe to encounter with the enemy if so you cannot it seemeth vnto me the rediest and safest way to deuide your battell into more battallions as for example first to proportion them out into 4 or 6 if those bee not conuenient then into 8 if you thinke that will not serue then into 12 or 16 battallions or as the passage will permit which thing may more easily be brought to passe if the body of your battell do consist of pikes only which were the same of compound weapons could in no wise bee so â—odainely done without great confusion as a man of any iudgement may conceiue and as by these figures following shall plainely appeare But before the arriuall vnto such straights and passages the wise Commander is carefully to consider and to send sundry scoutes abroade to discouer and also shall cause if possible he may the summities higher grounds craggy rockes thickets woods and other places of aduantage to be first possessed by his owne people sending to that effect shot halfe pikes and such like The figures of quartering a battell In deuiding and quartering of all which as may appeare the place of the Ensignes is still crossed to redresse the which the Sergeant Maior or Colonell may place them where he thinketh fittest drawing out where euery Ensigne shall stand one pike and replace the same pike in the first roome of the Ensigne which at the out drawing of the Ensigne remained voide The end of the third booke THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF WARRE DISCOVRSES AND MARTIAL DISCIPLINE The first Dialogue VVherein is declared the election office and dutie of a Sergeant Maior with sundry points of Militarie discipline c. and marching of the Armie Gentleman TRuly Captaine this order for passing of Straights doth coÌ„tent me wonderfull well and me thinkes hauing ready men and good officers verie easie and readie to be perfourmed But now I pray if there restes no more to be spoken herein begin to shew vs the choosing office of a Sergeant Maior which in day of battel seemeth an office of great importaÌ„ce Capt. I did at the begininng of my second booke declare vnto you that a Prince leuying an Armie royall doth by his Councel or Councell of warre if there be any such in the realme appoint first a most sufficient Generall then a Camp-maister generall a Captaine generall of the Cauallery and a Captaine generall of the Artillerie The Armie is deuided into sundrie Tertios or Regiments ouer euery Regiment a Camp-maister or Colonell The Cololonell deuides his Regiment into sundrie bandes or companies and ouer euerie companie a Captaine euery Captaine hath his Lieutenant his Alferes or Ensignebearer his Sergeants his Caporals
would haue the Sergeant Maior to be skilled and seene although the conduction of our warres now a dayes doth consist more in surprises assaults and batteries then open field fight and although the best now in vse are but two or three viz. the first square of men and the square of ground and their diuision into battallions of that kind according to the weapons wherewithall we now fight Gent. Which of these do you hold for most assured and strong Capt. I hold them all for sufficient strong but the difference which may happen is to be iudged according to the situation and disposition of the ground and occasions to fight and by the order that the campe shall obserue For in some occasions the square of men would be best as in open field without aduantage of hedge ditch water marish or wood or where the enemie is strong in horse to charge on euerie side the which iust square of men in euerie part is found to be equally strong and apt euery way to receiue the charge the which could not be so were the battell ouerlong afront narrow in flank as is the bastard broad or base square but yet in other occasions where these aduantages are to be found it were better to fight in broad front for that thereby many hands do come to fight at once together in the vantguard and with more difficultie to be compassed by the enemie hauing any of the aduantages before spoken of to friend but most cōmonly if necessitie occasion or situation do not constraine otherwise the quadrat of ground is best and most vsed as best proportioned with equall strength in vantguard and reareward especially against footemen and also flanked sufficiently strong and which of all other doth occupie least quantitie of ground Gent. What meane you by Bastard square Broad square and Base square Capt. The Bastard square is the battell which conteineth almost twise so many men in front as in flanke in proportion as 1 ¾ is to 1 the Broad square is the battell which conteineth more or as much as twise so many men in front as in flank as is 2 to 1 or 2 ⅓ which is as 7 to 3 and the Base square is the battell which containeth almost thrise or 3 times more in breadth then in depth which proportion is as 8 to 2 or 3 to 1 or such other proportions of inequalitie as fol. 51. Gent. You haue before declared at large the maner how to frame all these sorts of battels therfore it is needelesse to demaund it againe whereby I perceiue how necessary it is for the Sergeant Maior to be both learned and skilfull in Arithmeticke but doth it import any thing whether the ranks be of euē number or odde Capt. No truly but a custome vsed amongst vs without any ground for battels are to be set according to the number of men and the same to be framed as the situation of the ground will permit therfore the number of Par or Impar doth litle import to the strengthening of the battell but the due proportioning thereof according to the quantitie of your men to be accommodated to the ground or situation and aboue all the braue conduction of the Commaunders and the resolute valour of the souldiers is the strength and firmenesse of the battell Gent. What order is to be taken in setting of battels with speede and facilitie that the confusion of the souldiers disturbe not the same especially where men be vnruly euery one thrusting himselfe into the first rankes of the foreward in such disorder many times that neither the Sergeant Maior nor Colonels themselues shall be able to frame a battell in good sort Capt. The care to redresse this inconuenience toucheth the Sergeant Maior and therefore he ought to giue aduise and warning vnto euery companie before they come to this point that they beware of such confusion disorder and disobedience notifying vnto them that the Ensigne or Ensignes which were of the ward that day should frame the first rankes of the vantgard and the Ensignes or Companies that had the ward last before should successiuely follow and those which were afterward to haue the ward to succeede them againe and then next such as first were gathered to the squadrons Moreouer giuing aduisement to the officers that they suffer none of the souldiers of their bande to come without their armour by peece-meale and vnfurnisht for by such faults although that by the aforesaid reasons the vantguard appertaineth vnto them yet they loose their preheminence for comming so ill armed and iustly may others better armed be placed in their roomes Gent. And if perhappes vpon the Alarme giuen as commonly it falleth out all the Companies in Armes doe ioyne and gather together vnto the Corps de guarde or place of assemblie in such a case what is the Sergeant Maior to do Capt. He shall frame together that confused and disordered body placing the Captaines before and shall draw his battell from out one of the flankes or out of the rereward as he shall finde it most commodious the which he shall doe with great facilitie and thereby shall defraude those that were cause of such confusion and it shall serue vnto two good effectes the one he shall frame his battell with speede and the other he shall by this meanes chasten the vnruly and disobedient by leauing them in the rereward who seeing this order taken by the Sergeant Maior will euer afterwardes be more obedient and tractable to be set in order Gent. But the battell or squadron of pikes being set in what order is the same garnished with shot and how many and great shall the sleeues thereof be and how farre distant placed from the pikes for I haue heard different opinions therein whereof although you haue sayd somwhat already yet I pray let vs heare something more of the same Capt. No souldier is ignorant that the squadron of pikes being set is to be impaled or girdled with shot as many rankes of shot as pikes But the due and naturall girdling indeede ought to be no more shot in ranke then that the pike may well couer and defend especially where the enemie doth abound in Cauallerie And so vnder the defence and fauour of the pike there cannot conueniently stand aboue one ranke of three shot at the most and so many in mine opinion should the girdling conteine the which girdling shot kneeling vpon one knee vnder the couert of the couched pikes should at the charging of the horsemen discharge their vollie in their face and bosome which would bee no small galling vnto them But when this daunger of horse is not to be feared then the impalement may be made of more shot in a ranke at the discretion of the Sergeant Maior according to the quantitie of shot contained in his companies and the rest of the shot to be deuided into sundry small troupes as I sayd before
affront sith it is done for corrections sake Gent. In what part ought the Sergeant Maior to stand or go when the armie doth march Capt. The ordinarie place of the Colonell is the vanguard and so the Sergeant Maior being his officer by whom he sendeth his Commaundes vnto the Captaines Ensignes and Officers ought alwayes to be neare vnto his person Gent. But if the enemy be knowen to be behind or after your rereward Capt. In such case he shall remaine in the rereward but to assist there in such sort as he forget not to make the Alto or stand sometimes and to stay vntill he hath passed through all the arrayes of the marching squadrons or armie And if he finde that the Sergeants do not their duties in keeping the souldiers in good order and array he shall seuerely reprehend them for the same being a thing of such importance and that no negligence be found in conseruing due order and array so that none might be broken if possible it were And if the arrayes be broken as somtimes it happeneth by reason of the straight passages it behoueth him to be very ready vigilant to redresse them againe and if to do the same it should neede to make a stand an officer is presently to be sent to the Sergeant Maior and neither Captaine Alferes nor any other officer to passe the word stand either to this effect or any other as it oftentimes falleth out crying stand or march from hand to hand vnlesse the necessitie be so vrgent as not permitting time to signifie the same vnto the Camp-maister or Sergeant Maior For by reason of this abuse of euery officer to passe and giue the word vpon euery small occasion there do succeede many inconueniences and is as much as to vsurpe the preheminēce which onely is due to the Camp-master as head of the Regiment and vnto the Sergeant Maior as guide of the battell And therefore it is very necessarie that the souldier or officer which so shall do to be well punished for the same And the Sergeant Maior is to be carefull that the Captaines and souldiers which are on horsebacke do alight set themselues into the arrayes a good myle before they come vnto their allodgement the which ought to be first viewed by himselfe or his coadiutor somewhat before the companies do arriue and at their arriuing to frame his battell in the place thereof and not to suffer any souldier to passe vnto his quarter or to dismaunde himselfe in the order vntill the whole Regiment be all entred and he or his coadiutor in his name comming vnto the companies do licence them to their lodgings and quarter The which ensignes are placed in the front of the quarter of euery company all in one ranke and from thence downeward the souldiers to be lodged And the Sergeant Maior shall not permit nor suffer any cariage or baggage to be put before them nor pestered within the place of armes neither any fire to be there made nor any other impediments for from thence forward it is onely a place of armes or assembly and is to bee left free and vnpestered for onely the battell when it is to be set THE SECOND DIALOGVE VVherein is declared of the encamping of an army the placing of the corps de guardes scoutes and Sentinels their seuerall duties the order of visiting and reuisiting the Sentinels and their relieuing and changing the order of giuing and taking the word with sundry other martiall points appertaining to such cases Gentleman IN lodging and emcamping the regiments or army the which being setled the Sergeant Maior what is he then to do Capt. Presently to draw forth a corps de guard about threescore or fourescore pases from the face of the encamping of some fiue and twenty or thirtie souldiers and those are to bee of one of the companies which was of the watch the night before sith that vntill a fresh watch doe enter and the 24 houres bee fully accomplished it appertaineth vnto them that entred therein before except a whole company be set there by day to the ward and in such case it belongeth to the companies of shot if there be any particular shot companies in the campe And this Corps de guarde which is to bee drawne out is to be set in the selfe same place where the company of the watch is to bee placed at night This being done hee is to reknowledge his quarters very well and to see if there be any neede to raze plaine any places that the souldiers may commodiously sallie foorth to the Alarme for it falleth out many times that the companies be lodged in orchards gardens vine-yards and among bushes from whence they cannot come but with some difficulty the which he is to redresse and to make plaine and easie any thing that may empeach and hinder the speedy setting of the battell and framing of the squadrons which as well for this purpose as for the fortifying of the campe and leuelling the wayes and passages for the artillery with such other seruices there is alwayes in the campe certaine companies of pioners the iurisdiction of whom doth belong vnto the Generall of the artillery or to the Campe-maister Generall vnto whom he is to repaire to prouide him with speede of such as shall be needefull And if the whole army be there he is to go vnto the Camp-maister Generall and know of him how many ensignes of his regiment are to be put to the watch and in what place or part and what companies are to gard the munition and in other most conueniēt places for the seruice security of the campe such as are to go abroade to discouer and to scout and who are to prouide wood water and other necessaries and what companies are to assist in making the trenches and bulwarkes and other fortifications reparting the same workes amongst all the bandes of his regiment for vnworthy is he the name of a souldier which will not put to his helping hand in such cases in sort that euery one haue their share of the labour in order But if he be with his owne regiment alone it then concerneth him to reknowledge foresee and to prouide and giue order for all and to place the Sentinels in such order and distance that no man may passe out nor enter into the quarters of the alodgement without their view and sight And if his regiment be ioyntly with the other regiments or tertios of the same nation or of another he is to conioyne with the other Sergeant Maiors and consult counsell and concurre with them touching the placing of the gards and Sentinels so that there may be found no negligence nor imperfection sith all this office consisteth in care vigilancie readinesse and order It concerneth him also to go vnto the Generall for the word and to receiue the order and course to be followed the next day and to go presently vnto
officers giue aduise vnto the Regiments next vnto him and aboue all he is to aduertise his Camp-maister and Generall without order from whom the companies already set in battell may not returne to their quarters and guardes And so the Sergeant Maior after they be fully satisfied assured that they may disbād and breake vp hee ought to demaund licence of the Generall for the same and shall returne to set his postes as before they were And if he shall perceiue it to be needfull to reenforce and strengthen his guardes he ought to do it with more or lesse numbers as the necessitie shall require it Gent. I haue heard that some Sergeant Maiors do draw out of their principall Corps de guards where their ensignes companies do stand the first Sētinels other small Corps de gards but I know not to what end Capt. That Sergeant Maior doth not amisse for that Corps de guard is of those souldiers which are for the Sentinels and Round that night for that the officer when he is to relieue and change them may find them more ready And these Corps de guardes do serue also that the Sentinels may haue succour neare at hand if neede should require and againe they helpe also to keepe the guardes more vigilant and the souldiers more ready to the seruice of their ensignes THE THIRD DIALOGVE VVherein is declared some orders to be obserued by the Sergeant Maior in the very fact of armes and in surprises and Camisadas and Ambuscados and to be a generall procurer of the souldiers good Gentleman WHat orders is the Sergeant Maior to obserue in the times of fight with the enemy Capt. The Sergeant Maior cannot keepe any certaine rule therein considering the diuersitie of chaunces stratagems and policies which in euery moment do happen in warre But in the action of battell he is to see and to foresee as before I sayd as well their owne as their enemies orders and disorders to redresse with all valour readinesse and skill what is needfull in his owne squadrons and to espie euery aduantage vpon the enemy and valiantly to animate order and encourage his souldiers to valour vertue and honour and that with couragious and honourable words and if by fortune any of his squadrons be disordered and broken he must with all speedinesse courage and skill redresse the same Gent. But if any men in the rankes of his squadrons be hurt or slaine either by the enemies great shot or otherwise so that wanting there those men which so are slaine or hurt how are these rankes to be refurnished so that it may be done without confusion Capt. The order of the Romanes as I haue already sayd was to fight in order of battallions the one to second the other which is a very strong order of fight were men expert and skilfull therein And the manner of the Greekes was in Phalangia which is a iust square of men whom we do therein imitate which manner of square of men is each man standing consequently in ranke and in file one after other so that if any of the first files or rankes be slaine or hurt the next soldier succeeding the same man hurt or slaine is to step vp into his place roome and the next after to follow him and so successiuely one to follow another euen vnto the center or traine of the squadron in such sort that alwayes the formost rankes be fully furnished Gent. And what is to be done with those hurt and slaine men for me thinkes they should be looked vnto Capt. The Spaniardes haue a laudable custome which is that they haue certaine men appointed of purpose to retract and draw foorth of the squadrons such men as be hurt and to bring them vnto the chirurgians and for such as bee slaine right out to conuay them away so that their slaine numbers is neuer lightly knowne to the enemy Which order I would wish to be receiued and obserued amongst vs. Gent. What other parts are there yet in him to be required Capt. Moreouer the Sergeant Maior ought to be very expert and to be very skilfull and well aduised in the course which is to be kept in giuing a camisada as that was which was giuen vnto the Prince of Oranges army by the Spaniards when he came to relieue graue Lodwike his brother being besieged within Mouns in Henault by Duke d'Alua which was such that he was faine to raise his campe and retire toward Germany Now in such cases the Sergeant Maior must conduct his souldiers with great silence euen to the place of the enemies campe and there shall he commaund them to put their shirtes vpon their armour at one instant making ready to effect their desseignes whereunto they shall passe with all speede and resolution before that the enemy may be aduertized thereof by their Sentinels And also when other great occasions are offered where it is needefull to carry the souldiers with great silence secrecie and stilnesse he is to be their guide as did the Sergeant Maior Valleio when Mondragon with his regiment passed ouer the riuer Schalt to succour their friends besieges in Targoes And in Ambuscados which are to be done in places of couert as woods thickets hollow wayes or hils he is to be carefull that the souldiers be silent and without noise for not to be discouered vntill their espials and watches appointed for that purpose doe giue them the signe of the conuenient time of their sodaine charge vpon the enemy Also it is the Sergeant Maiors part to be sollicitous and diligent with the prince or Captaine Generall of the army and the other superiour officers for the prouiding of armour and other necessaries for the companies of his regiment and for the other munitions of powder match lead and victuals the which he shal cause to be reparted vnto the Sergeants of the bands to be by them deliuered vnto the Caporals who are to distribute the same among the companies And to conclude he ought to be the vniuersall procurer of the souldiers good procuring their payes and that they be succoured in their necessities and wants And if there be any hurt men or sicke hee is to procure that they may be caried with all care vnto the hospitals or such places deputed for the same prouiding them of cariages necessaries and guides if neede require To do all the which he hath all the officers of the regiment for helpers and ministers which are to assist and obey him For the cariage-maister is to furnish him with cartes and cariages as shall be needefull and the furrier maior to prouide and bring munition at the day of battell and the Sergeants to assist him to set the squadrons and to keepe the companies in order and array and the ensignes and Lieutenants to giue and notifie the orders and commandes to the gards for the seruice of the companies and the drumme maior to proclaime and sound the generall
which is 100. The which multiplied into it selfe maketh the said 10000 and so from the roote 100 vnto 099 and then 098 next 097 and so from roote to roote orderly vnto the last square roote which is 1. In which tables I haue directed the order of marching of an army as the passage or way will permit whether you shall march 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 in a ranke and how many rankes they shall be To do the which worke thus Deuide the whole nūber of men by so many in rank as you will haue them to march in as by 3 5 7 c. The number here I haue supposed to be 10000 men the which 10000 to haue them to march at 3 men per ranke I do deuide 3 and it produceth 3333 rankes and 1 man remaining as in the margine appeareth And if you wold haue them to march by 5 7 9 or any other number per ranke worke as you haue done with the number 3. Then how to deuide the battell into Maniples or parts and so to march them vpon the way as strongly as the passage will permit and how the Maniples comming vp shoulder to sholder each weapō ioyneth with his like making again the former square battell of men with the remaines that make not vp a iust Maniple or part and also how to march those sayd remaines that they may come vp shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the Maniples to make vp a iust square To do the which worke thus deuide the roote of your grand number of men by so many as you would haue them to march in a Maniple and the product will be the number of Maniples with the remaines if any such there bee as for example the square roote of 10000 is 100 the which 100 men I do deuide by 3 and it produceth 33 Maniples and one ranke remaining the which 1 ranke is 100 men the which 100 men marching vp by 1 in a ranke comming vp shoulder to shoulder with the grand square maketh iust the same proportion of the grand square as in the Tables plainly may appeare So may you worke by 5 7 9 11 or any other number to bring them into Maniples with their remaines But here you shall note that a Maniple doth signifie so many men in ranke quite through your grand square or battell as you are disposed or be constrained to deuide the sayd grand square into whereby to passe through any straight or passage then comming vp shoulder to shoulder do make your former square of men againe Finally in the first table of the said square of men in proportion of equalitie there is set down readily how many shot will girdle or impale the battell of pikes in what forme soeuer you dispose the same whether it be by 3 5 7 or 9 shot in a ranke which is as many as you shall neede to girdle withall in mine opinion and if you are to encounter or be charged with horse I suppose 3 to be sufficient To do the which worke you thus First multiplie your quadrate roote or square of men by so many as you meane or bee disposed to girdle the same withall the product whereof will amount to the girdling shot for the one side or quarter then againe multiplie the said product by 4 for the 4 squares of the battell and the product thereof serueth for the girdling of the sayd 4 square sides Now there will want to fill the 4 angles or corners the which you must consider whether you doe impale by 3 5 7 or 9 then to multiplie euery angle by so many per ranke as you doe impale by as for example the square roote of 10000 is 100 the sayd 100 I do multiplie by 3 for so many doe I set to impale by and it maketh 300 for the one square side of the battell the which 300 I doe againe multiplie by 4 for all the 4 square sides of the battell and it amounteth vnto 1200 shot then for the foure corners or angles considering that I do impale by 3 first I multiplie the sayd three by it selfe and it maketh 9 for one angle and then quadruple the sayd 9 it maketh 36 the which 36 being added vnto the aforesayd 1200 and it amounteth in all vnto 1236 shot for the full impalement of your squadron of 100 square roote of men And so may you do with any other number as in the tables will appeare more at large Likewise on the left side of euery leafe of the sayd tables hauing first turned the same ouer you shall haue opposite or against the number or battell which standeth euermore on the right side of the sayd leafe the same battell deuided into 3 5 or 7 battallions the number of which battallions in each of them conteined you shall finde by drawing your finger euermore on the first Columne of euery leafe on the right side where you finde the number of the said battalliōs there shall you see in that distinctiō betwixt two long rules how euery battallion shall bee set which two long rules are the second Columne of the tables As for example the grand battell of 10000 pikes placed on the right side of the leafe in the first Table as in folio 16 may be seene the sayd grand battell you shall finde deuided into 3 5 or 7 battallions by turning ouer the leafe looking vpon the left side therof in the same folio 190. Now to know the square root of euery of these battallions draw your finger continually down the first Columne of euery right side of the leafe vntill you come to finde the due number of the sayd battallions which is first 348 c. the which nūber being found in the first Columne in folio 191 euen there in the second Columne you shall see the square roote thereof to be 59 and so must you do by the rest of the battallions In the first Columne of the left side of euery leafe is placed the grand square or battell of men in the second Collumne is set the same battell deuided into 3. battallions in the third Columne is the number of euery of their seuerall battallions and in the fourth Columne is the remaines of the sayd battallions which is how much they are lesse then the grand square of men and also in the said fourth Columne if they do abound the number of the grand square it shall be there set downe alwayes marked with this word ouer adioyning vnto it which word when you do finde then suppose that the battallions are more then the grand battell by so many as that number containeth The like order is to be obserued in the diuision of them into fiue battallions or into seuen battallions As for the reducing or inducing of all battels and battallions out of or into the grand square of men I haue before in folio 77 78 79 and so forth at large declared as of
the battell in Diamant proportioÌ„ of the Triangle of the Sheeres battell and Saw battell of the Crosse battell battell coÌ„pounded of many battallioÌ„s vnto the which I referre me onely hereafter will I set down the figure Tables of all or the most of these the order to be obserued in the same as I will at the beginning of euery Table declare but first I will shew you the declaration of euery Columne of the Tables as here is described A declaration of the vse of the Columnes and numbers expressed in the Tables following 1 The number of 1 in the first columne containeth therein the number of the armed pikes of the grand battell of men 2 The number of 2 ouer the second columne containeth in that part the due number of the square roote of the battell 3 The number of 3 in the third columne hath in it the order of marching as the ground will permit be it by 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 in ranke 4 The number of 4 containeth in that columne the number of rankes either by 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 men in a ranke 5 The number of 5 hath in that columne the remainders of that which maketh not vp a iust number of rankes 6 The number of 6 sheweth in that columne the number of the Maniples or parts of each battell whether they march by 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 in a ranke the which marching vp shoulder to shoulder do make the square battell of men with the ensignes in the middle Maniple or part 7 The number of 7 in the seuenth columne signifieth the surplussage of armed pikes that maketh not a iust Maniple 8 The number of 8 in the eight columne denoteth the whole ouerplus of the armed pikes that make not vp a full Maniple 9 The number of 9 in that columne sheweth how many shall march in a ranke of the ouer plus that made not vp a iust Maniple or part which so marching vp shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the Maniples or parts maketh vp the iust square of men 10 The number of 10 in that columne sheweth how to girdle or impale your battell with shot whether it be by 3 5 7 or 9. which is sufficient to girdle any battell 11 The number of 11 carrieth in that columne what number of shot euery kinde of imbattelling or girdling will occupie in each seuerall battell whether the same be by 3 5 7 or 9 in ranke of shot A declaration of the Tables of the Battallions 1 The nuÌ„ber of 1 in the first columne signifieth the whole nuÌ„ber of the grand battell 2 The number of 2 hath in that collumne the diuision be it by 3 5 or 7. 3 The nuÌ„ber of 3 hath in that columne the nuÌ„ber contained in euery seuerall battallioÌ„ 4 The number of 4 hath in that columne the remaines or ouerplus The figure of the square battell of men In this figure of a square battell of men there is contained 10000 armed Pikes at 100 rankes and 100 men by ranke girdled round about with seuen rankes of shot The rest of the shot and short weapon are bestowed in 165 small troupes containing 50 in euerie troupe trouping round about the battell so shadowing the same and readie for skirmish on what part soeuer the enemie should offer fight the rest of the shot and short weapon with some pikes are for the guard of the Artillerie and Munition The figure of the grand square of 10000 Pikes deuided into 3 battallions The figure of the grand square reduced into 5 Battallions The figure of the 7 Battallions reduced out of the grand square of men The Tables of Battels in proportion of equalitie as is 1 to 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10000 100 3 3333 1 33 1 100 1 3 1236 5 2000 0 20 0 0 0 5 2100 7 1428 4 14 2 200 2 7 2996 9 1111 1 11 1 100 1 9 3924 100 11 909 1 9 1 100 1   13 768 1 7 9 900 9   15 666 10 6 10 1000 10   17 588 1 5 15 1500 5   9801 99 3 3267 0 33 0 0 0 3 1224 5 1960 4 19 4 396 4 5 20â—0 7 1400 1 14 1 99 1 7 2968 9 1089 0 19 0 0 0 9 3888 99 11 891 0 9 0 0 0   13 752 12 7 8 792 8   15 653 6 6 9 891 9   17 576 9 5 14 1384 14   9604 98 3 3201 1 32 2 196 2 3 1212 5 1920 4 19 3 294 3 5 2060 7 1372 0 14 0 0 0 7 2940 9 1063 1 10 8 784 8 9 3852 98 11 873 1 8 10 986 10   13 738 10 7 7 866 7   15 640 4 6 8 784 8   17 564 0 5 13 1274 13   9409 97 3 3136 1 32 1 97 1 3 1200 5 1881 4 19 2 194 2 5 2040 7 1344 1 13 6 582 6 7 2912 9 1045 4 10 7 679 7 9 3816 97 11 855 4 8 9 873 9   13 723 10 7 6 502 6   15 627 4 6 7 699 7   17 553 8 5 12 1164 12   9216 96 3 3072 0 32 0 0 0 3 1180 5 1843 1 19 1 96 1 5 2020 7 1316 4 13 5 480 5 7 2884 9 1024 0 10 6 576 6 9 2780 96 11 837 9 8 8 768 8   13 708 12 7 5 580 5   15 614 6 6 6 576 6   17 542 2 5 11 1057 11   9025 95 3 3008 1 31 2 190 2 3 1176 5 1801 0 19 0 0 0 5 2000 7 1289 2 13 4 3â—0 4 7 2756 9 1002 7 10 5 475 5 9 3744 95 11 824 5 8 7 665 7   13 694 3 7 4 380 4   15 601 10 6 5 475 5   17 530 15 5 10 950 10   Number of pikes to be imbattailled The quadrate roote To march in ranke Rankes how many Remainder of men Maniples of pikes Rankes of remainder The whole ouerplus of pikes after the Manip How many pikes in ranke to march vp Number of shot to impale The whole number of shot that do impale The Table of Battallions of the grand square of men 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 10000 3 3481 3249 3299 21 5 2340 2025 1936 1936 1764 35 7 1444 1444 1444 1444 1444 1369 1369 0 9801 3 3600 3600 2601 0 5 2500 2500 1600 1600 1600 1 7 2025 2025 1296 1296 1296 961 900 2 9604 3 3249 3136 3136 83 5 2025 2025 1849 1849 1849 7 7 1369 1369 1369 1369 1369 1369 1369 17 9409 3 3136 3136 3136 1 5 1936 1936 1849 1849 1849  7 1369 1369 1369 1369 1296 1296 1296 45 9216 3 3249 3249 2704 14 5 2116 2116 2116 1444 1444 10 7 1369 1369 1369 1296 1296 1296 1296 25 9025 3
Battallions reduced out of the battels of g. and squares of men vpon the right side of euery leafe The Table of Battels in proportion of equalitie 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 36 6 3 12 0 2 0 0 0   6 5 7 1 1 1 6 1   25 5 3 8 1 1      5 5 5 0 0      16 4 3 5 1 0      4 5 3 1 1 1 4 1   9 3 3 3 0       3 5 1 4 36 4     4 2 3 1 1       2 5 0 0       2 1 0         1 0         The whole number of armed pikes The quadrate or square roote Per ranke to march by Rankes how many Remaines of rankes Maniples or partes Remaines of pikes by ranke The whole ouer plus of remaines How many to march in rankes of remaine The rankes to impale by The number of shot that impale Here endeth the Tables of Battels in proportion of equalitie or the Battels of due square of men that is how many rankes so many men by ranke or how many rankes so many files Hereafter ensueth the Tables and figures of two fold Battels called broad squares or hearst Battels with the Battallions of that kinde IN these Tables ensuing I haue set downe the order and setting of sundry Battels in proportioÌ„ of inequalitie as 2 vnto 1 that is twise so many men in front as in flanke the which sort of Battels do come to coÌ„taine neare a iust square or quadrate of ground which the battels of proportioÌ„ of equalitie that is so many meÌ„ in flank as in front doe not for they containe in ground twise and more the quantitie of ground in flanke or length that they doe in front or breadth the reason and order thereof I haue in my 3. booke in fol. 45 46 c. 50 at large declared so coÌ„tinuing shewing therein rules Arithmeticall to set all such sortes of Battels their impalement with armed pikes and diuisions into Maniples here onely contenting my selfe with setting forth the figures and Tables of the sayd Battels in proportion of inequalitie and how they are to be ordered into ranks for marching into Maniples and girdling with shot as before in the Tables of squares of meÌ„ or Battels in proportion of equalitie is at large set downe and declared And also on the left side of euery leafe is set downe the said Battels or broad squares deuided into sundry battallions of that kinde as into 3 or 5 battallions the number of which battallions in each of them contained you shall finde euermore in the first Columne of euery leafe on the right side where you find the number of your battallions there shall you see betwixt two long rules in that distinction placed in the 2 Columne how euery battallion shall be set in front flanke which is the iust square roote of euery battallion Finally I haue here before you set downe first the figure of the sayd broad square of men or Battell in proportion of inequalitie as 2 vnto 1 which commeth to containe neare the iust quadrat of ground girdled round about with 7 rankes of shot and the rest of the shot and short weapon due to this number and proportion of pikes are deuided into sundry troupes of 50 in euery troupe trouping round about the maine Battell as I haue done before in the figure of the iust square of men I haue here also desseigned in figure the said broad square or hearst Battell deuided into sundry battallions of that kinde as first into 3 battallions then into 5 battallions as in page 212 may appeare each battallion is girdled with 3 rankes of shot the rest of the shot and short weapon belonging vnto the sayd numbers may bee placed in sundry small troupes as is in the broad square trouping round about the same or as the Sergeant Maior shall otherwise thinke good or as the ground will permit or occasions offered to fight The figure of a Broad square Battell trouped round about with shot The figure of 3 Battallions reduced out of the Broade square The figure of fiue Battallions reduced out of the Broade square The Table of Broad square or twyfold Battels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10082 71 3 3360 2 47 1 71 1 3 1314 5 2016 3 28 2 142 2 5 2230 142 7 1440 3 20 2 142 2 7 3178 9 1120 3 15 7 497 7 9 4158 11 916 7 12 10 710 10   9800 70 3 3266 2 46 2 140 2 3 1296 5 1980 0 28 0 0 0 5 2200 140 7 1400 0 20 0 0 0 7 3136 9 1088 8 15 5 350 5 9 4104 11 890 10 12 8 560 12   9522 69 3 3174 0 46 0 0 0 3 1278 5 1904 2 27 3 207 3 5 2170 138 7 1360 2 19 5 345 5 7 3094 9 1058 0 15 3 207 3 9 4050 11 865 7 12 6 414 6 11 5038 9248 68 3 3082 2 45 1 68 1 3 12â—0 5 1849 3 27 1 68 1 5 2140 136 7 1321 1 19 3 204 3 7 3052 9 1027 0 15 1 68 1 9 3996 11 840 8 12 4 272 4   8978 67 3 2992 2 44 2 134 2 3 1242 5 1795 3 26 4 268 4 5 2110 134 7 1282 4 19 1 67 1 7 3010 9 977 5 14 8 546 8 9 3942 11 816 2 12 2 134 2   8712 66 3 2904 0 44 0 0 0 3 1224 5 1742 2 26 2 132 2 5 2080 132 7 1230 2 1â— 6 396 6 7 2968 9 968 0 14 6 396 6 9 3088 11 792 0 12 0 0 0   8450 65 3 2815 2 43 1 65 1 3 1206 5 1690 0 26 0 0 0 5 2050 130 7 1207 1 18 4 260 4 7 2926 9 938 8 14 4 260 4 9 3834 11 768 2 11 9 585 9   8192 64 3 2730 2 42 2 128 2 3 1188 5 1638 2 25 3 192 3 5 2020 128 7 1170 2 18 2 128 2 7 2884 9 910 2 14 2 128 2 9 3780 11 744 8 11 7 449 7   7938 63 3 2646 0 42 0 0 0 3 1170 5 1580 3 25 1 63 1 5 1990 126 7 1134 0 18 0 0 0 7 2842 9 882 0 14 0 0 0 9 2726 11 721 7 11 5 315 5   7688 62 3 2562 2 41 1 62 1 3 1152 5 1537 3 24 4 248 4 5 1960 124 7 1098 2 17 5 310 5 7 2800 9 854 2 13 7 434 7 9 3670 11 698 10 11 3 186 3   The Tables of Battallions reduced out of the Broad squares 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 10082 3 3362 3362 3362 3 5 1922 1922 1922 1922 2312 83 9800
0   338 13 3 112 2 8 2 26 2 3 264  5 67 3 5 1 13 1 0 490 26 7 48 2 3 5 65 5   288 12 3 9◠2 8 0 0 0 3 246  5 57 3 4 4 48 4   24 7 41 1 3 3 36 3   242 11 3 80 2 7 1 11 1 3 228  5 48 2 4 2 22 2   22 7 34 4 3 1 11 1   200 10 3 66 2 6 2 20 2 3 210  5 40 0 4 0 0 0   20 7 28 4 2 6 60 6   162 9 3 54 0 6 0 0 0 3 192  5 32 2 3 3 27 3   18 7 23 1 2 4 36 4   128 8 3 48 0 5 1 8 1 3 174  5 28 4 3 1 8 1   16 7 20 4 2 2 16 2   98 7 3 36 0 4 2 14 2 3 156  5 21 3 2 4 28 4   14 7 15 3 2 0 0 0   72 6 3 24 0 4 0 0 0    5 14 2 2 2 12 2   12 7 10 2 1 5 30 5   50 5 3 16 2 3 1 5 1    5 10 0 2 0 0 0   10 7 7 1 1 3 15 3   32 4 3 10 2 2 2 8 2    5 6 2 1 3 12 3   8 7 4 4 1 1 4 1   18 3 3 6 0 2 0 0 6    5 3 1 1 3 1    6 7 2 4 0 0 0    8 2 3 2 2 1 2 4 2    5 1 3 0 0 0    4 7 1 0 0 0 0    The number of pikes to be imbattailed The nūber of mē in flanke front How many mē to march in ranke The number of rāks how many The remaines of men out of rank The Maniples or parts The remaines of maniples or parts The whole number of remaines of Maniples The marching of remaines of Maniples The nūber to impale or girdle by The whole nūber contained in the girdling shot Hereafter shall follow the figures and tables of sundry euen Battallions to sundry vses c. HEre next will I set down the Tables and figures of sundry euen Battallions as by 3 5 or 7. euen battalliōs the which are very strong of themselues yet neuerthelesse may you chuse whether you will fight in the same order of battallions or by marching them vp shoulder to shoulder bring thē into a two or threefold battell at your owne discretion or as occasion shall best serue The number of which seuerall battallions you shall finde as I sayd before placed in the Tables of squares of men or battels in proportiōs of equalitie on the right side of euery leafe by drawing your finger downe the first columne of the same and then considering what number of pikes you haue whereof to deuide your battallions you shall finde in the 4 columne of your euen battallions the same number set downe or a number vnder the same which I thinke good you rather chuse then the iust number because you may then cast out some remaines to imploy otherwise for better it is to leaue then to lacke As for example here in these Tables of euen battallions first there is set downe 3 euen battallions containing in each 49 pikes which being summed together doe make 174 as appeareth in page 225. Now turne vnto the first table of battels in proportion of equalitie or euen squares of men looking in the first columne of the right side thereof there shal you find in page 207 the said number of 49 whose square roote is 7 for 7 multiplied in it self is 49 7 men 7 rāks is the square of euery of the said 3 Battalliōs And in this sort shal you find the order setting of all the other Battallions and of all the other numbers as in these figures next ensuing of 3 Battallions cōtaining in each 3364 mē whose square roote is 58 so is each Battallion of 58 rankes 58 men per ranke and the whole summe of all these 3 Battallions do amount 10092 pikes as appeareth in these Tables following in page 225. The figure of three Battallions The Table of three euen Battallions 1 2 3 4 5 7 7 49 3 49 49 49 174 8 8 64 3 64 64 64 192 9 9 81 3 81 81 81 143 10 10 100 3 100 100 100 300 11 11 121 3 121 121 121 363 12 12 144 3 144 144 144 432 13 13 169 3 169 169 169 507 14 14 196 3 196 196 196 588 15 15 225 3 225 225 225 675 16 16 256 3 256 256 256 768 17 17 289 3 289 289 289 867 18 18 324 3 324 324 324 972 19 19 361 3 361 361 361 1083 20 20 400 3 400 400 400 1200 21 21 441 3 441 441 441 1323 22 22 484 3 484 484 484 1442 23 23 529 3 529 529 529 1587 24 24 576 3 576 576 576 1728 25 25 625 3 625 625 625 1875 1 2 3 4 5 26 26 676 3 676 676 676 2028 27 27 739 3 739 739 739 2217 28 28 784 3 784 784 784 2352 29 29 841 3 841 841 841 2523 30 30 900 3 900 900 900 2700 31 31 961 3 961 961 961 2823 32 32 1024 3 1024 1024 1024 3072 33 33 1089 3 1089 1089 1089 3267 34 34 1156 3 1156 1156 1156 3468 35 35 1225 3 1225 1225 1225 3676 36 36 1296 3 1296 1296 1296 3888 37 37 1369 3 1369 1369 1369 4107 38 38 1444 3 1444 1444 1444 4332 39 39 1521 3 1521 1521 1521 4563 40 40 1600 3 1600 1600 1600 4800 41 41 1681 3 1681 1681 1681 5043 42 42 1764 3 1764 1764 1764 5292 43 43 1849 3 1849 1849 1849 5547 44 44 1936 3 1936 1936 1936 5808 The Table of three euen Battallions 1 2 3 4 5 45 45 2025 3 2025 2025 2025 6075 46 46 2116 3 2116 2116 2116 6348 47 47 2209 3 2209 2209 2209 6627 48 48 2304 3 2304 2304 2304 6912 49 49 2401 3 2401 2401 2401 7203 50 50 2500 3 2500 2500 2500 7500 51 51 2601 3 2601 2601 2601 7803 1 2 3 4 5 52 52 2704 3 2704 2704 2704 8112 53 53 2809 3 2809 2809 2809 8427 54 54 2916 3 2916 2916 2916 8748 55 55 3025 3 3025 3025 3025 9075 56 56 3136 3 3136 3136 3136 9408 57 57 3249 3 3249 3249 3249 9747 58 58 3364 3 3364 3364 3364 10092 Here after do ensue the figures and Tables of 5 euen Battallions beginning at the roote of 100 which is 10 and so continuing The figure of fiue Battallions The Table of fiue Battallions 1 2 3 4 5 10 10 100 5 100 100 100 100 100 500 11 11 121 5 121 121 121 121 121 605 12 12 144 5 144 144 144 144 144 720
number of men vpon but also to know how to march through anie straights or passages and also to encampe an Armie giuing vnto euerie regiment of horse and foote their due quarter with their proportionall places and to know moreouer the whole compasse or circumference of such encamping as in our fift booke folio 155 c. is at large described Now therefore let vs set downe to arme a peece of ground or to know what number of men may stand vpon the same in battell array hauing first made familiar and bene well practised with his going pases to the proportion of the pase of 5 foote of measure and so that two of his going pases may make one pase of measure of 5 foote and let vs suppose that such a peece of ground doth containe in length 100 going pases which after two going pases to one pase of measure do make 50 pases of measure and is in breadth 80 going pases which are pases of measure 40 as here in this figure shall appeare And now to arme and embattell the said seate or peece of ground with pikes armed and vnarmed To do this you must first consider how many pikes armed and vnarmed will serue to arme or embattell vpon the sayd peece of ground in this sort multiply the 50 pases of length and the 40 pases of breadth by 5 foote the length of the propounded measure and there will come foorth 250 foote for the length and 200 for the breadth And now willing to make the head or front of the battell vpon the length of the sayd seate or peece of ground deuide the 250 by 3 foote which is supposed to allow to euery pikeman for his station in breadth and it produceth 83 men in ranke for breadth and 1 foote of ground remaining the which we make no account of And of the 200 foote of breadth of ground will we make the ranks in length by deuiding the said 200 by 7 foot as is set downe to giue vnto euery pikeman of the breadth for his station of ground and it produceth 28 rankes of men So to arme or embattell the sayd seate or ground it will require 28 rankes at 83 men by ranke betwixt pikes armed and vnarmed if you haue not all armed pikes the which were farre better if it might so be as in this figure here following shall appeare And now to know how many pikes will serue for this peece of ground or how many it will containe in all you must multiply the 28 rankes by 83 men and it amounteth vnto 2324 pikes armed and vnarmed the which number of pikes will serue to embattell vpon the sayd seate or peece of ground And in this sort may you worke with any other seate or peece of ground and number of men And now againe not hauing all your number of pikes with armed corslets if you would arme the sayd seate with an equall proportion of armed pikes in front flankes and rereward and suppose that in the sayd number of 2324 pikes there be 1200 armed pikes and to arme the front flankes and traine proportionally with the sayd armed pikes you shall worke in this order summe together the length and breadth of the sayd battell that is 28 with 83 and it amounteth 111. Now set downe your rule in this sort if 1 111 2 28 3 1200. And then multiplying the 28 second with 1200 third and it commeth to 33600 and this 33600 shall bee deuided by 111 prima and it produceth 302 and 78 remaining whereof 100 make noe account Nowe this 302 shall bee deducted out of 1200 and there will remaine 898 armed pikes and these 898 shall arme the front and traine of your battell and the 302 shall serue to arme the two flankes of the sayd battell and then deuiding the 302 by 28 the length or flankes of your battell and it produceth 10 men per ranke of armed pikes to arme the two sides or flankes of the which 10 there shall be 5 rankes placed on the one flanke and 5 rankes on the other flanke as in the figure in the next page appeareth And there remaineth 22 armed pikes the which 22 shall be added vnto 898 and it maketh 920 armed pikes and with these 920 armed pikes you shall arme the front and trayne of the sayd battell by deuiding the 920 by the breadth but you must first deduct the 10 men per ranke which serued to arme the two flankes out of 83 the breadth and there will remaine 73 men per ranke for the inner breadth or front of the battell now deuide the 920 armed pikes by 73 and it will come to be 12 ranks of armed pikes and 44 remaining and of these 12 ranks there shall be set 6 rankes in the front of the battell and 6 rankes in the rereward of the battell as in this figure you may perceiue And againe if with these 1200 armed pikes you would arme the one or two parts of the battell more strong then the rest and where you do most suspect the enemy and that the other part or parts shall be secure and fenced with the nature of the seate or ground then the 10 men per ranke which armed the two flankes shall be placed on the one side or flanke onely where you shall see most occasion and the like shall bee done with the 12 rankes of armed men which armed the front and trayne placing them either all in front or all in trayne as shall bee found most needful where the enemy is most to be suspected as in the figure following shall appeare And moreouer if with the sayd 1200 armed pikes you would arme the front of your battell only then deuide the 1200 pikes by 83 the number of men in front and there will come foorth to be 14 rankes of armed pikes for the front or head of the battell only as in this figure following may be seene And there remaineth 38 armed pikes the which shall be placed where the Sergeant Maior shall thinke most conuenient within the body of the battell Gent. We haue sufficiently vnderstood the order how to arme or embattell a peece of ground with pikes onely wherefore I pray shew vs now how to embattell the same seate or ground with shot or horsemen Capt. Sir to arme or imbattell a seate or peece of ground with shot or horse you must multiply the length of the sayd seate and also the breadth of the same by 5 foote putting downe as is aforesayd for the length 50 pases and for the â—readth 40 pases it produceth for the length 250 foote for the breadth 200 foote And now to know how many ranks and how many shot per ranke will serue for this ground you shall deuide the 250 and also the 200 foote by 4 foote as before is said to allow for euery hargubuzier his station of ground 4 foote for length and 4 foote for breadth Then reparting 250
battell of pikes A better order to diuide your shot into troupes To girdle the staÌ„d of pikes with shot The shot in small troupes one to second an other The armed pikes once ouerthrowen the battell stands in hazard The girdling shot to discharge at 20 pasesâ—ff and not farther A particular decâ—aration of the former battell in figure The battell or body of pikes Impaled with armed pikes The sortement of the weapons Girdled with muskets Shot in troupes Halbardes and short weapons The remaines of the pikes where placed To draw some pikes out of the center of the battell Men at armes Launciers Hargulutiers Great ordinance The number of each The broad square battell bring the most hands at once to fight in front The square of ground A care to be had to the situation of ground Venturous to set al our fortune vpoÌ„ the brunt of one sole battell So is it dangerous for vnexpert men to fight in sundry battallions Men come not often to hand blowes as in old time the shot so imployeth the field Hard to ascertaine any course of fight before the enemies order be knowen seene Occurrants of warre be manifold and strange The shot on horse backe coÌ„monly begâ—n the first skirmishes At the field ordinance doe commonly begin the first puzzeling The forlorne hope to disband and hauing skirmished to retire to the flankes One troupe of shot to second an ether The squadrons of muskets when to discharge The couching of the pikes A square of pikes handled by resolute men not easie to be broken by horse Against foote to charge ouerhand Valour and skill is second meanes of victorie but God the chiefe first The duties of diligent officers in time of battell The iust square of men best allowed out of the which all other proportions may be reduced The quadrat of ground Sundry ancient formes of battels now out of vse The daunger of raw men The Diamant battell The framing thereof out of the graund square A more stronger framin of the Diamant battell Out of 2 iust squares of men is framed 2 triangles Of 2 triangles is framed a Diamant An other order yet to frame their battels A Sergeant maior ought not to be ignorant of any formes of embattailing as well ancient as moderne To what purpose these termes were first deuised The crosse battell and order thereof A declaration of these Crosse battels SpeculatioÌ„ without practise but halfe the Arte. To deuide a small power into many parts dangerous What to be a sufficient armie Into three battels Into twelue battallions Vantgard Battell Reareward Many considerations in bringing men to fight A consideration A declaration of the 9 battallions The voide spaces to what purpose Sundry charges and fresh heads A declaration of the 12 battallions The shot parted into sundry troupes The cauallery The quantity of ground for each souldiers station What commander and officers to be mounted The Generall his place The Colonels Another order to deuide an army into sundry small squadrons The maner The order An army may be framed of sundry small squadrons Of tables to be framed Euen To march an army thorough straightes Drawne into Maniples The Ensigne to be contained in the middle Maniple The shot in troupes most seruiceable The one to second another If the enemy coÌ„straine to fight in the straight them to quarter your Army To quarter the battell into sundry battallions Not to enter vnaduisedly into any straighâ—s The chiefe Commaunders of an Armie Deuided into Regiments The officers of the Regiment Deuided into Companies The officers of a Companie Sergeant Maior of a Regiment A Sergeant Maior generall A Sergeant Maior is the generall Minister of a whole Regiment His office consists in marching in imbattailing encamping The Sergeant Maior of higher degree then any ordinarie Captaine Great regard to be had in the election of this officer Skill and naturall instinct His actions are handled for the most in the view and face of the enemie The partes to be required in a Sergeant Maior To espie aduantages Not to let slip good occasions offred To kâ—â—w to frame his squadron to march with the same to bring theÌ„ to fight A squadroÌ„ what it is To be victorious or inuincible The armie bâ—st ordered and disciplined is like to be Lord of the victorie Vegetius his reasons The aduantage of practise and good discipline It is necessarie to haue â—n writing the iust number of euery companie and their sortmeÌ„t of weapons To haue alwayes an Idea in the head of sundrie formes of battels To be skilfull in Arithmetike A battell framed of sundrie Tertios by the Duke de Alua at Lisbona The Tertios of Naples Sicilia Lombardie Spanish Tertios The Sergeant Maior by want of skill much puzzeled Our warres now a dayes do consist more in surprises assaults and batteries then in main fight The difference to be iudged by the situation of the ground and occasions to fight Iust square of men â—attell in broad front What is meaÌ„t by bastard square broad square base square The rankes euen or odde importeth litle The braue conduction of the Commaunders and the resolute valour of the souldiers is the firmenesse of the battell A politicke order to be obserued in setting a battell when the souldiers be vnruly No souldier to come with his armour by peece-meale or broken An order to frame a squadroÌ„ of vnruly soulâ—iers vpon the Alarme giuen or suddenly A fine checke of vnruly souldiers The dâ—e naturall girdling with shot When and how to discharge their vollie Shot in sundrie small troupes trouping round about the battell Euery troupe to be led forth to skirmish by their Caporall Squadrons of muskets at the angles of the battell A braue retraict of Don Aluaro de Sandy made in Barbary with 4000. foote against 20000. horse An order for the safegard of shot in open campania where the enemy aboundeth in horse Declaration of the figure Great skill and care in the marching of an Army The disorders of souldiers do many times grow through remisnesse and negligence of officers What the Sergeant Maior is to do being in the open field with the army Vantgard battell and reareward To know the wayes most salliâ—bâ—e for the souldiers to march Great noise and rumor in remouing of a campe To be skilfull in the countrey where they are to march Sundry considerations To what end Examples of the Romaines at Furcas Caudinas To procure faithfull and trusty guides Hannibal deceiued To cause the drum maior to sound the recoâ—a or remouing The Captaines of footmen To assemble the companies in the place of armes and there to frame his squadrons The Sergeants of bandes what to doe To deuide the battell into Maniples if the passage be narrow The order in marching of vantgards battell and rea reward The ensignes where to be placed fittâ—st Hauing passed the straight to march vp pouldron to pouldron againe In all our actions to incline to perfection Considerations
to be had where the munition is to march Certaine light horsemen to be sent out to scout before the munition In countries secure from the enemy the munition is to passe before with a sufficient card The reasons In parts of danger the munition is to march in the center or among the squadrons Better to loose the munition then to hazard the whole army The munition forsaken sometimes for policie sake Example at the battel of Vicentia in Italy As few horses as might be to be permitted in foote companies Noe foote souldier to passe out of the campe on horsebacke Where the foote souldiers horses are to go The orders to be obserued when the foot souldiers do mount on horsebacke The boyes to be shifted out of the battell To make sundry altoes or stand to ease and refresh the souldiers Carefull to make the Altoes or stāds in places conuenient and fit Disorderly conduction causes of ouerthrowes Example at Via grassa in Lombardie when the Coūtie Sanpaule was taken To make alwayes the standes neare fresh waters and to be carefull that the souldiers straggle not The Sergeant Maior is alwayes to passe on horsebacke to what effectes If he meete the Generall not to alight from his horse Nor yet to dismount from his horse in the day of battell and wherefore His armour light with a short trūchion in his hand No afront to the souldier deseruing it to be corrected by the Sergeant Maior Where the Sergeant Maior is to passe whē the army doth march But if the enemie be knowen to be in the rereward he is to passe in the rereward To reprehend the faults of the Sergeants If the arrayes be brokē to be ready to redresse them No Captaines or other vnder officers to passe the word stand but the Sergeāt Maior or other superior officer The Camp-maister as head of the Regiment the Sergeant Maior as guide of the battell The foot souldiers to alight frō their horses a myle ere they come to their lodging The place of alodgement to be first viewed by the Sergeāt Maior At their arriuall to frame his squadrons in the place of armes Orders to be obserued at the alodgement The place of armes to be kept all free and vnpestered The Sergeant Maior what he is to do at the first encampement of the army First to draw forth a corps de-guard some 80 pases without the ring of the emcampement The orders to be obserued 2 To reknowledge the quarters and to reforme all incombrances Pioners to amend combersome waies 3 To go to the Campe-maister generall or his marshall to receiue orders from him to sundry purposes as for the watch the ward gard for the munition to scout and discouer who to prouide wood and to assist in trenching Being with his owne regiment alone what he is to do The Sentinels how to be placed To consult with other officers To go to the Generall for the word and orders to be obserued To haue great care in placing the watches and gards To fore aduertise the souldiers by the drumme maior To reknowledge and view the places of gard and Sentinels To appoint them the order in going the roundes To visit and reuisit all the aforesaid orders To reprehend the faultie The negligence of Commanders breedes contempt in souldiers The encampement to be entrenched Where the corps de guard to be set Naturall fence good Great silence is to bee kept in the body of the watch The Sentinels what distance asunder and from the Corps de guard The Sentinels the wall of the campe therefore neare together Sentinels better double thē single The Sentinell vigilant silent and carefull In hearing or seeing any thing what the Sentinell is to do The single Sentinels where His dutie what to do Not to giue Alarme but vpon reasonable cause When to giue the Alarme Feare and imaginations do disturbe mēs senses To visite and reuisite the Sentinels at sundry houres in the night to good effectes The proper forlorne Sentinell what it is An example The forlorne Sētinell not to haue the word but a different Contersigne The order to be obserued in the day of the word With some the word doth passe no further then the Caporals Dangerous to trust the word with raw souldiers The Sentinell not hauing the word what to do The order to be obserued in taking the word by the officers and souldiers the one from the other The shot how The pike in what manner The officer or Rounde ought to giue the word vnto the Sentinell first The souldier set at Sentinell not bound to reknowledge any person without giuing the word The word is the meane in warre to exclude all deceipts The sight and hearing easily deceiued especially by night Example A fowle errour The Round finding the Sentinell vigilāt neede not alwayes approch neare him The Sentinell ought to suffer none to passe in or out of the campe without giuing the word The officer or Round Refusing to giue the word he may discharge as at an enemy How to deale with such as come into the campe Whē the Alarme is giuen what the Sētinels are to do Whē the Alarme is giuē what order is to be taken with the ensignes or companies The Generals guard and guard of the munition not to stirre To frame the squadrons with all diligence To enquire the cause of the Alarme To aduertise the Generall and Camp-maister thereof The cōpanies set in squadron not to disseuer without licence from the Generall To returne the Sentinels to their postes or stations To draw out of the grand Corps de guard other small Corps de guards The small Corps de guard to what effect What the Sergeant Maior is to do in the fact of battell The Romaines order was to fight in battallions The Greekes did fight in Phalangia or square Men slaine or hurt in the first rankes how to reforme the rankes The fore rankes to be alwayes kept full officers appointed to withdraw hurt and slaine men out of the battell To be skilfull in giuing a Camisada Example To conduct the souldiers with great silence vnto the Camisada To inuest their shirtes To performe with resolution and all celerity In such difficult attempts the Sergeant Maior to be conductor Example In Ambuscados the souldiors to be silent and ready To charge suddenly The Sergeant Maior to be solicitous with the generall for armour and other necessaries for his regiment How the same to be reparted To be the vniuersall procurer of the souldiers good Hurt or sicke men to be conueyed to the hospitals All vnder officers to assist the Sergeant Maior The carriage-maisters The Harbingers The Sergeants Lieutenant and Alferes Drumme Maior Caporals of the field The Sergeant Maiors Coadiutors The Sergeant Maiors Coadiutor The Sergeant Maior a general maister of all militarie discipline A procurer of the souldiers soules health in general Banishing all publike crimes and commō offenders The reward of a good officer both in heauen and earth