the viewing the subsequent Figure you shall the better understand the manner of performing this motion of Square Facing Face Square and March Proper Front Front accidentall Front accident all The Front of the Reere The Words of Command commonly used to produce this precedent Figure are these as followeth if they be 10 in depth and 20 in Ranke The first three Rankes stand The three last Rankes face about The rest of the Body face to the Right and Left then March all To reduce them to their first Order Face all about to the Right March and close your Divisions Face all to your Leader who then stands at his Front proper Another way of facing Square and Marching upon it The Front proper The Front of the left Flanke The Front of the right Flank The Front of the Reere The words of Command customarily used to produce this Figure are these as followeth Musquetiers face to the right and left halfe-Halfe-files of Pikes faces about to the right then March all To reduce them to their former order Face all about to the right March and close your Divisions Face all to your Leader In the next Chapter I shall shew the manner of Opening and Closing both of Files and Rankes and then some instructions of doubling them with their use and parts CHAP. LXXXI The manner of opening and closing both of Rankes and Files and how to double them with the use and parts thereunto belonging IN the opening and closing of Rankes and Files there are divers things considerable as first in the motion of Files you are to observe your Leader Secondly in your motion of Rankes you are to observe your right-hand 〈◊〉 Thirdly when Files open to the right the Left-hand-file must stand fast every 〈◊〉 taking 〈◊〉 distance from the File next his left hand Fourthly when they open to the Le then the right hand File stands every File taking his distance from the File next his Right hand Fiftly in closing of Files if it be to the right then contrary to the opening the Right-hand-file stands the rest closing to the right taking then Distance from their next right hand-file Sixthly if you close to the left then the Left-hand-file stands the rest of the Files closing to the left taking their distance in like manner Seventhly when Files close to the right and left then they close inwards taking their distance from the Files within them neerer to the middest of the body Eighthly note when Files are commanded to open to the right and left or by division it must be outward Likewise you must observe when Rankes open forwards then the last Ranke stands every Ranke taking his distance from the Ranke next behind him Secondly when they open backwards then the first Ranke is to stand and every Ranke is to take his distance from the Ranke next before him Thirdly if Rankes close to Front and Reare then the first and last Ranke stands the other taking their distances from them Fourthly if they close Rankes towards the Center or middest then they close towards their two middlemost rankes Lastly you are to observe that in opening of Files and Ranks you are in the acting of it either to face to the right or to the right about these things being considered and you hauing commanded them to even their Rankes and straighten their Files you are to use these words of Command following Rankes and Files to your close order Files open to the right Rankes open forwards to your Order Files open to the right Rankes open forwards to your open order Files open to the right Rankes open forwards to your double distance Files close to the Right Rankes close forwards to your open order Files close to the right Rankes close forwards to your order Files close to the Right Rankes close forwards to your close order Files open to the Left Rankes open backwards to your order Files open to the left Rankes open backwards to your open order Files open to the left Rankes open backwards to your double distance Files close to the left Rankes close backward to your open order Files close to the left Rankes close backward to your order Files close to the left Rankes close backward to your close order Files Rankes open to the right and left front and reare to your order Files Rankes open to the right and left front and reare to your open order Files Rankes open to the right and left front and reare to your double distance Files Rankes close to the right and left inward middest to your open order These motions being performed by the Souldiers fairly and with out mistakes you may proceed to exercise them in their doublings and shew them their use and parts as the following Chapter will direct CHAP. LXXXII How an Officer shall exercise his Company in doubling of their Rankes and Files with the use thereof and the severall parts and branches thereto belonging THe use of doublings were invented for the strengthening of any part of the Battell according to the discretion of the wise Commander and are distinguished into these two generalls viz. doublings of length and doublings of depth Doubling of Rankes doth make the number double so much as was before whereby the length of the Battell is extended to the double proportion of ground Doubling of Files or Flankes doth likewise double the number in depth as the former did in length and before wee proceed to particularize these doublings let us take notice of these observations following First that in this motion of doubling there is one part of the body stands firme and the other part moves viz. the standing part is to be doubled the part moving are those that double Secondly observe that the distance for particular and divisionall doublings is open Order in Ranke and File Thirdly observe that the ordinary doublings of Rankes and Files is or ought to be performed by three steps viz first stepping forth with that foote which is next unto the place named Fourthly in the reducement to your former station you must returne by the contrary hand Fifthly observe in doubling of Rankes and Files viz if you double Rankes either to the right or left hand if you double your Files to the contrary hand reduceth them into their former station or in doubling of Files to either hand doubling of your rankes to the contrary will reduce them Lastly observe the severall parts or branches of doublings which are Doublings of First Rankes Secondly Halfe-Files Thirdly Bringers up Fourthly The Reare Fifthly Files Sixthly Halfe-Rankes The first is doubling of Rankes which is performed when every Even-ranke is doubled into the Odde The second is when the halfe Files double their Rankes forwards into the Front The third is when the Bringers-up double their Rankes forwards into the Front The fourth is when the Front halfe Files doubleth the Reare these first foure being doublings of Rankes causeth the length of the Battell to be extended either simply in number
to one of the flankes which being done you must Command them againe to wheele Front and Reere into both flankes then facing them to their first Front and closing their division they are reduced or you may wheele both flankes into the Front and Reere and then face them to their Leader and close their division Thus having shewed the wayes and properties of wheelings in their severall kindes wishing every Commander at least to make use of the Intire wheelings and to make their Souldiers perfect in them so that they may wheele to the Right to the Left and to the Reere and as for the rest you may use your pleasure if time will not permit you to exercise your Souldiers in them The next thing that a Commander is to teach his Souldiers is the severall wayes of giving fire and the fitting and preparing them for Skirmish which in the next Chapter shall be discours'd of CHAP. LXXXVII How a Commauder shall prepare his Souldiers for Skirmish with the maner and use of firing by forlorne Files in the Front WHen a Commander hath exercised his Company in their Postures Doublings Counter-marches and Wheelings the next thing requisite to be taught the Souldiers is how they should skirmish with the maner and use of firing wherefore your Company being first drawne in Battallia every man observing his order both in ranke and file The Officers in their due places viz the Captaine and Ensigne in the Front of Pikes the Lieutenant in the Reere the Serjants on the flankes the Drummes on the Front and reere Angle of the Pikes Every man thus standing in his right equipage the Captaine shall command the Drums to beate a march the colours flying at the head of the pikes the pikes and Musquets shouldred marching at their distance of order in file and at their open order in ranke the Commander is to give a signe to the Drume to beare a preparative at which time the Ensigne is to furle-up his colours and to retire into the midst of the Pikes every man is to advance his Pike and to close all their Rankes forwards to their order the Musquetiers art to make ready every one preparing himselfe for skirmish But before we proceede any further it will be very convenient to shew the maner and use of firings that the Souldiers may be the better able to performe them when they come to the proofe and tryall wherefore observe that all firings are either direct or oblique The maner of firings are sometimes advancing against an Enemie sometimes receiving the Enemies charge upon a stand or else retiring for we may be constrained to give fire in the Reere marching from the Enemie or in flanke marching by an Enemie or it may fall out that the Enemy may charge in severall places at once as in Front and Flanke or in Front Reere and Flanke these particulars shall be more fully discust in the following discourses And first to begin with the firings in Front both advancing and standing I will follow Master Barrifes directions who hath excellently well described them both by discourse and figure Wherefore first take notice of giving fire by forlorne files which most commonly is used two maner of wayes in the exercising of companies The first is for the two outermost files of each flanke of shot to march forth being led on by the two yongest Serjants a convenient distance beyond the Front of the battell who being there arived ought to make there stand the foremost Rankes are to give fire wheeling off both to the right or to the right and left if it be commanded and to place themselves in the Reere of their owne Files the rest of the Rankes firing and doing of the like untill they have fired once or twice over according as they shall be directed this being performed the next two out most files of each flanke are to march forwards unto the place assigned and are there to doe the like Those files which formerly faced are in the meane time to troope backe and place themselves next the flankes of the Pikes upon the inside of the division of Musquetiers The rest of the shot after the former manner are to march up and give fire placing themselves as before is shewed when they have fired all over and placed themselves according to these directions they are reduced into their first stations The second way of firing by forlorne Files is thus to be performed The outmost files of each Flanke are led forth by the Serjeants unto the place assigned and then they command their Files to ranke inwards and to present and give fire all at one instant as by the subsequent figure you may perceive Serjeant Serjeant Captaine Ensigne Serjeant Serjeant Lievetenant The first two files having ranked inwards and joyned together making one brest as you may perceive at the figure 4. and having presented and given fire they are to wheele off to the right and left each man following his Leader in single file and performing their postures of priming and charging c. as they troope downe to place themselves on the inside of their division of shot alongst by the Flankes of the Pikes The next outmost File which followed the first in the Reere in the meane time are to ranke themselves inwards and are to give fire and wheele off as the former did placing themselves alongst by the Flankes of the Pikes after the same manner all the rest of the Files are to performe their indeavours Note the odde Files may eyther march up and give fire single or else the next outermost File may sequent them CHAP. LXXXVIII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers to give fire by two Rankes advancing them ten or twenty paces before the Front of the Battalia then even with the Front and lastly even with the halfe-Files THis manner of advancing two Rankes a certaine distance before the Front of the Battell is commonly used when two Battells make their approaches one against the other whereby they are brought within distance to doe certaine execution a Serjeant from each Flanke is to leade these two formost rankes up to the place assigned The first Ranke of each wing of shot is to present and to give fire wheeling off eyther to the right or to the right and left the second Ranke stands ready with their Musquets rested their Match-cocked and pans guarded mounting the muzells of their Peeces cleere of their Leaders and standing the distance of three foote behind the first Ranke are ready to Levell and give fire so soone as their Leaders are wheeled off from before them The first Rankes having presented and given fire as aforesayd in their wheeling off they are to march downe in single File close by the outside of the wings of shot untill they come to the Reere of their owne divisions where every man is to place himselfe in the Reere of his owne file The second Ranke having discharged are after the same manner
generally discours'd of 150 Chap 56. The duties both of Officers and Souldiers in Garrison 155 Chap. 57. The duties of Officers and Souldiers in the Campe. 157 Chap. 58. Of the due obedience both Subjects Officers and Souldiers should heare to their Prince or Generall with a demonstration how Mutinies and Treasons have beene rewarded with infinite miseries 158 SECT VIII The true Valour of Subjects and Souldiers in Fort and Field Chap. 59. The true nature of Valour described and how men ought to be qualified with it 172 SECT IX A discourse upon vnjust Valour in Duels Chap. 60. Of the opinions of divers Learned men concerning Duels with the chiefest circumstances that can be alledged for the Lawfulnes of them and so confuted both by divine and humane reasons 183 Sâ—CT X. The Office and dutie of every particular Officer in an Armie Chap. 61. The dutie and Office of a Drumme to a pryvate companie and of the Drumme-Major of the Regiment Chap. 62. The Office of a Corporall and his Lantsprezado 195 Chap. 63. The Office of a Serjeant to a private Companie 196 Chap. 64. The Office of an Ensigne to a private Companie 197 Chap. 65. The Office of a Lievetenant to a private Companie 199 Chap. 66. The Office of a Captaine of a private Compatie 200 Chap. 67. The Office of a Serjeant-Major of a Regement 203 Chap. 68. The Office of a Lievetenant-Colonell of a Regiment 204 Chap. 69. The Office and dutie of a Colonell over a Regiment ibid. Chap. 70. The Office of a Serjeant-Major-generall of an Armie 206 Chap. 71. Tho Office of the Lord Marshall in the wars and of his high Iurisdiction and command in the Army 207 Chap. 72. Of the Councell of warre and of their office and dutie in the time of warre 209 SECT XI The Art of Drilling or excercising a Foote-Companie Chap. 73. The manner how every Officer should Drill and exercise their Companies of Foote in all their Postures and Motions with the severall wayes of giving fire 211 Chap. 74. How a Captaine shall cause his Officers to order and ranke his Companie fit to march into the field 212 Chap. 75. How the Officers are to draw both Pikes and Musquets one file sequenting another into a Ring for the better and speedier exercising them in their Postures 214 Chap. 76. How an Officer is to Demeane himselfe in the Exercising of the Musquetiers 215 Chap. 77. How an Officer is to Demeane himselfe in the Exercising of the Pikes 222 Chap. 78. How the Comandâ—rs shal draw their Files both of Musquetiers Pikes joyne them in one body fit to be exercised in grosse 225 Chap. 79. How a Comander shall exercise his Companie in grosse in their porper motions 226 Chap. 80. Of Facing square and how to performe it The usefulnes of Facing and the severall parts thereof 227 Chap. 81. The manner of opening and closing both of Rankes and Files 230 Chap. 82. How an Officer shall exercise his Company in Doubling of their Rankes Files 231 Chap. 83. Directions how to performe those seveverall kindes of doublings and how to reduce them againe 234 Chap. 84. Of Inversion and Conversion with their words of Command whereby those motions are produced 243 Chap. 85. How an Officer is to exercise his Souldiers in three manner of Counter-marches c. 247 Chap. 86. How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in the motions of Wheeling 254 Chap. 87. How a Commander shall prepare his Souldiers for skirmish with the manner and use of firing by Forlorne Files in the Front 259 Chap. 88. How a Commander sball exercise his Souldiers to give fire by two Rankes c. 260 Chap. 89. How a Commander shall exercise his Wings of Musquetiers to give fire c. 261 Chap. 90. How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving Fire to the Reere 267 Chap. 91. How a Commander shall exercise his Company in giving fire in the Flankes 268 Chap. 92. How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in Divisionall Firings 272 Chap. 93. How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire to the Reere and right Flanke Marching c. 273 Chap. 94. How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in a Triple way of giving Fire to the Front 274 Chap. 95. How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving Fire three wayes at once viz. to the Front Reere and Right-Flanke 275 SECT XII The Drilling or exercising Horse-Troopes Chap. 96. Of the preheminencie and dignitie of Officers for avoyding of disputes with a short Declaration of the high office of the Generall of the Horse 277 Chap 97 The Office of the Lieutenant-Generall of the Cavalrie 278 Chap. 98. Of the Serjeant-Major-Generall of the Cavalrie 279 Chap. 99. Of the Quarter-Master-Generall of the Cavalrie 280 Chap. 100. The office of the Captaine of the Cavalrie Ibid. Chap. 101. The Office of the Lieutenant of the Cavalrie 281 Chap. 102. Of the Cornet belonging to the Cavalrie 282 Chap. 103. Of the ordering and riding of Horses to make them fit for service 283 Chap. 104. Further instructions concerning the ordering and riding of a Horse for service with the use of the Ring 285 Chap. 105. How to manage a Horse for service foure kindes of wayes 289 Chap. 106. How to make a Horse endure Pike Sword Gun-shot Drumme and the like 291 Chap. 107. How the Horse-Troopes ought to bee divided and distinguished by their severall Armes 292 Chap. 108. How the Harquebuziers and the Carabines ought to demeane themselves 293 Chap. 109. How the Dragonnes ought to Arme and demeane themselves 294 Chap. 110. How a single Troope of Horse ought to bee drawne into Ranke and File Ibid. Chap. 111. What orders and distances a Horse-Troope should observe in exercise 295 Chap. 112. The motions which the Cavalrie are to observe in their exercise Ibid. Chap. 113. The manner how a Commander over 120 Horse besides Officers sbould troope with them into the Field to be exercised 296 Chap. 114. How a Commander should draw this Troope of Horse into a Body in manner of a Batalia 297 Chap. 115. How Souldiers are to be made to understand their Commanders intentions in the time of Skirmish 298 Chap. 116. The description of the Postures for the Cavalrie 299 Chap. 117. Of the Exercising of the Harquebuz and Carabine with the Postures to them belonging c. 301 Chap. 118. Of the excellent service which may bee performed by the Dragoones here in England 302 Chap. 119. The order of exercising a Horse-troope in their motions being drawne in Batalia 304 Chap. 120. The fashion of Horse-Battels discoursed of and first of the Rhombe 309 Chap. 121. The manner and forme how the second kind of Rhombe is ordered in Batalia 310 Chap. 122. The manner and forme of imbattelling the third kind of Rhombe 311 Chap. 123. The manner of Imbattelling the fourth kind of Rhombe 312 Chap. 124. The manner of Framing the Battell called the Wedge or halfe Rhombe 313
may discharge his Musquet to put the Guards in a readinesse to make their resistance The Corporall is to be a Musquetier and is to have the chiefest place in his Squadron according to his eldership CHAP. LXIII The Office of a Serjeant to a private Companie and his duty both in Garrison and in the Field declared A Serjant of a private Company ought to be a man of good experience and sufficiently instructed in all Marshall exercises and if it were possible he should not be inferour in knowledge and skill to his superiour Officers hee ought to have a quicke spirit and active body able both suddainly to conceive and painfully to execute his superiour Officers orders and commands it importeth much that hee bee a skilfull valiant Souldier in regard hee is put upon weighty and dangerous services hee ought to be very ready and skillfull in ordering and rancking the Company and in knowledge of exercising the same hee ought to take all occasions in time of peace to call forth such squadrons as have the guard and duly to exercise them there also to shew every particular Souldier their severall postures and so fit them in readinesse for the chiefe Officers to exercise in grosse hee ought to be learned both in writing and in Arethmaticke he is to have alwayes a Squadran-rowle about him wherein hee should distinguish every man by the armes he beares his duty is when the drumme beates for the watch setting to repare with his Holberd to his Colours where he ought to call over particularly every Souldier of that Squadron and view the fixenesse of their armes and what match Bullets and powder every man hath he is to rancke the Squadron and if no superiour Officer bee there he is to troope away with them to the guard with his Holbert advan'd Hee is to attend the comming of the Major of a Garrison or the Serjant Major of his regiment if they bee intrencht in the field for the watchword and to receive such orders from him as hee hath received from the Serjant Major generall of the Army or from the Governour of a Garrison he is to give the word to his Captaine first if he bee in place and then to each superiour Officer and lastly to the Corporall The eldest Serjant in a March leadeth up the division of Musquetiâ—es in the reare 〈…〉 of training they are to looke that every man keepes his Rankes and files duly helpe order the company all the time of exercise in time of Warre he is imployed upon parties which are sent out to discover or to fetch in Bootie and Farrage likewise many times to the guarding of passages also in laying out of Perdues and visiting them Also in ordering of Troopes that are drawne out to charge some part of the Enemy where he is to bring up the Musquetiers to his superiour Officer in good order to skirmish and to give fire upon the Enemy and so orderly to leade them off againe seeing them ranke themselves fairely and causing them to make ready their peeces to come up to give fire againe also in retreite he ought to assist the Souldiers discreetly in keeping their orders lest confusion betides them Also in time of fight to see the Souldiers Bandaliers filled ready that no stay bee made and to see the Powder transported after them securely he is also when his Captaine is Captaine of the Watch to call out the Gentlemen of the Round to doe their duties and to give them the Word he ought to assigne every Souldier his due and proper place to March in that no contention may arise hee is to place the chiefe Gentlemen in the Front on the right hand file the next in degree is to leade the left-hand file so placing every man according to his degree hee ought to see that every Corporall bee a Musquetiere hee is to fetch the powder shot and match from the Magezine and distribute it to each Corporall and so to each Souldier of their Squadron Hee is at his Captaines command to carry all delinquents to Prison and see Irons put upon them If scarsity of Victuals should be in the Campe he is to procure it from the Ammunutioner of the Army lest the Company fall in want which being procured hee is to distribute it to the Corporalls and they to their Squadrons Hee is also to instruct the Drummes the true tone of beating viz. a Call a March a Troope a Charge an Allarme a Retreite c. Hee ought to be resolute and forward in times of skirmishing shewing worthy examples to the Souldiers that they might imitate him Hee ought by his serviceablenesse and care to gaine the love of the whole Company it must be farre from him to be addicted to the hellish vice of drinking drabbing or dicing using his best indeavours to shame such as should in that kind transgresse Also he is not to permit any Souldier that is in drinke to performe any duty of charge for that time for feare of sleeping or quarrelling whereby much inconveniences may ensue but rather seeke to punish him severely that all may take example by him to beware of the like oversight Hee is every night at Drum-beating to draw Billets for his Guard and accordingly to leade his Squadron to it and thus behaving himselfe wisely and valiantly hee shall gaine honour and reputation which will bee steps to advance him to higher fortunes And to define the office of Serjant truly hee is to be the eye eare mouth hand and feet of his superiour Officers I could wish our Serjants of Bands here in England were thus qualified for their Captaines sakes but I feare the blind will leade the blind and so fall both into the ditch it were happy if they would indeavour to learne to understand their office against his Majesty should have occasion to use them CHAP. LXIIII. The office of an Ensigne to a private Company and his duty both in Garrison and in Field declared AN Ensigne being the foundation of the Company ought to bee indued with Valour and Wisedome and to equall his superiour Officers in skill if it were possible The honour and reputation both of Captaine and Souldiers depends upon the welfare of the Colours and contrarily there can be no greater dishonour then to lose them I have read in History of Ensignes that rather then they would undergoe the dishonour of losing their Colours being so dangerously charged by the Enemy that either they must yeeld them up or be slaine have chosen rather to wrappe them about their bodyes and have leapt into the mercilesse waters where they have perisht with their Colours most honourably to their immortall â—ames after any Company is 〈◊〉 if the Ensigne hath behaved himselfe honourably the Captaine ought to bestow the Colours on him as a favour in the absence of his superiour Officers hee is punctually to supply their places and to passe upon those duties which they should whether it be to be
and that some men have formerly to good purpose intreated of the Postures both of Pike and Musquet yet in regard my intent is to write a generall discourse of every part of the body of Warre I thinke it convenient in as short and briefe tearmes as the subject will require to demonstrate the parts requisite to bee understood in the exercising of Companies shewing the grounds and reasons of every Posture and motion that is materiall either to offend or defend the reasons why they were invented and what advantage is in them for although a Souldier should know how to order and demeane himselfe exquisitly in this Art of drilling yet if he doth not conceive the reasons to what purpose they were invented and the severall advantages they afford against the Enemy in time of necessity hee will be to seeke whereby the whole grounds of Souldiarisme may miscarry and the ends they were invented for lose their effect and let no man expect that I should invent any new anticke Postures there being more already in use then are profitable But I could wish a Souldier should only make use of such circumstances as are really most fit and apt for imployment of Waâ—res and of quickest dispatch in execution Farre be it from me to discommend a comely manlike gesture and a correspondency in the agitation of the limmes when a Souldier handles his Armes yet upon the point of service all superfluous Postures are lopt off and reduced only to these three actions Making ready Presenting and giving fire For should a Commander nominate all the Postures in the time of service hee would have no breath to oppose his Enemy neither could use any circumspection how to incounter with him wherefore I would rather wish all Commanders to affect the plaine and readiest way in exercising which may best sute with the actions and capacities of plaine Souldiers which will prove more substantiall and essentiall and those thus educated are men likeliest to sustaine the brunt of an Enemies fury and stand to their tackling when others with their Circumstantiall complements and superfluous slender devices may take a retraite for a charge Wherefore in the first place let us observe that in composing of multitudes into an orderly way of exercising they must bee reduced into Rankes and Files A File is a certaine number of Souldiers standing in a direct lyne one behinde another face to backe which number must not exceed ten in depth A Ranke is a number of Souldiers standing in an eeven lyne side-wayes shoulder to shoulder and this is not limited to any certaine proportion of number but encreaseth or decreaseth accidentally according to the greatnesse or smallnesse of the number A Company being thus ordered into Ranke and File the next thing considerable is the distance or orderly space betweene File and File Ranke and Ranke There are foure orders or distances observable betweene File and File or Ranke and Ranke being these under mamed Close order Order Open order Double distance which is both in Ranke and File one foote and a halfe three foote sixe foote twelve foote There is further to bee considered in distance three especiall circumstance viz. Distance For March For Motion For Skirmish The distance for March is to be three foote betweene File and file and sixe foote betweene ranke and ranke The distance for Skirmish and for wheeling is three foote in ranke and file onely in receiving a charge from the Horse it is convenient the Files of Pike-men should be at close Order CHAP. LXXIV How a Captaine shall cause his Officers to order and ranke his Companie sit to march into the Field THE Drums having called the Souldiers together to their Colours the Ensigne standing forth with them then the Lievtenant and Serjeants shall command the Pikes and Musquettiers to ranke them selves 4. 5. or 6. abreast as the Captaine shall be pleased to command observing the Files to be at order and the Rankes at open order If the Commander will observe the French manner of Marching then you must divide the Musquets the first Division is to March in the Van next after the Captaine the Pikes are to make the Battell and to March after the Ensigne in two Divisions the second Division being led by the eldest Serjeant the Musquetiers of the left Flanke called the second division of Musquets makes the Reare-gaurd which is to bee led commonly by the second Serjant the Drumme is to bee placed in the third Ranke of Musquetieres the second Drumme betweene the third and fourth Ranke of the second Division of Pikes The third Serjeant is to march in the left Flanke of the Musquets in the Reare the fourth Serjeant is to be on the right Flanke of the Musquetiers and the Lieutenant in the Reare as by the sequent Figure you may perceive two hundred men in order to March into the Field the Captaine leading his Companie with a Souldier-like gesture the rest of the Officers following in their due places in a faire equipage And being arrived at the place of exercise you are to draw your Companie into Battalia after this manner First you are to command your Front division to stand then the Ensigne is to draw up his division of Pikes upon the left Flanke of the first division of Musqueteires with his Colours flying and the Pikes to continue shouldered so long as the drum beates a March but if it beates a Troope then they are to advance and close their Rankes forward to their order and then the Ensigne is to Troope them up with his Colours firled The eldest Serjeant is to leade up the second division of Pikes The second Serjeant is to lead up the second or Reare divisions oâ— Musquetiers each division still marching up to the left of that division next before it the manner you may plainly see in the Figure upon the right side of this Page where the first division is marked in the Reare with the Figure 6. the first division of Pikes with the Figure 7. the second division of Pikes with the Figure 8. the second division of Musquettiers hath in the reare the Figure 9. In the next Page you shall finde a Figure in forme of a square as they stand in a Battalia Front C s s s s s S 4 s s s s s s s s s D. 1. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s E p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p S. 1. p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p D 2 p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p S 2 s s s s s
that take their places in the reducements the doubling of Halfe Rankes being thus reduced You are next to reduce the Halfe Files by commanding them to face about to the Left and to March forth into their places Note these kind of divisionall doublings requires open order in Ranke and File And for your Intire doublings there is onely the distance of order in Ranke and File required Halfe-files double your front to the left intire All doublings aer either Intire or divisionall Intire doublings are to bee understood when as Files or halfe-files Rankes or halfe-rankes according as the Command is given doe March forth jointly together without division or dissipation to double the part Commanded Divisionall doublings are such as formerly is shewed viz. when the Files or halfe-files Rankes or halfe-rankes are disranked and divided into more parts or places then one This doubling of halfe-files to the Left intire is thus to be performed first the halfe-files to the Reere face to the Left and March forwards untill they are quite cleare of that part of the body which stands then they face to their Leader and so March up untill they are become even in Ranke with those that stand upon the Right Flanke and then the forme is perfect the word of Command which produceth it is placed in the Margent For the Reducement the halfe-files that doubled having faced about they March straight forth untill they be cleare of the Front halfe-files then they face to the Left and March straight forth untill every man hath his right place and then they are to face right after their Leaders the words of Command and direction for this Reducement is Halfe-files face about to the Right March forth into your places This kind of doubling of halfe-files hath beene held a better doubling then eyther the ordinary doubling of Rankes or the usuall way of doubling by halfe-files or bringers up the reasons are these first it makes no disturbance to the other part of the Battalia but that it may eyther be executed in time of Motion Exercise or Skirmish Secondly it appeares another solid body to the great disheartning of an Enemy Thirdly it is very apt for over Fronting it being a doubling both of number and place Halfe-files double your front inward intire This Motion of doubling the Front inward intire hath beene of great request and is most commonly used by great Bodies as when a Regiment Division or Maniple Moveth forwards betweene two others thereby seconding or releeving them Whereby the Front of all the three Divisions become ranged in an even Line the words of Command direction that produceth this Motion is placed in the Margent The Motion of this doubling is thus to be performed The halfe-files of the Front faceth to the Right and Left and eyther Division Marcheth right forth untill they have left a distance betweene them sufficient to receive the halfe-files of the Reere and then they are to stand and face to their Leader Then the halfe-files March up and even their Front For the Reducement of this figure Let the halfe-files face to the Reere and March untill they are cleare of the Front Halfe-files then stand and face about to their Leader or Commander then the other halfe-files of the Front are to close their Division and they are reduced The Words of Command used for this reducement are Halfe-files face about and march Front halfe-files close your Divisions face all to your Leader Halfe-files double your front by Division This kinde of doubling as before is shewed is of singular good use because it may be performed in time of fight without disturbance to the other part of the Battell The way to performe this motion is as followeth first the halfe-files of the Reere are to face to the right and left and then to march right-forth untill they are cleare of the Reare part of the Front-division then they are to face to their Leader and march untill they become even in ranke with the Front and so stand which perfects this doubling The way to reduce them is as followeth viz. the halfe-files are to face about to the Reere and to march forth-right untill they are cleare of the Front halfe-files and then they are to face to the right and left inwards and so to march and close their Divisions then being faced to their Leader they are reduced The Words of Command for reducement are Halfe-files face about inwards March forth into your places Front halfe-files double your Reare by Division This doubling of the Reare by the Front halfe-files will worke the same effect to the Reare as the last doubling by division did to the Front It may be usefull in the passing of a River when the Enemy chargeth or pursueth in the Reare the Front-division eyther opening and suffering the Reare halfe-files to passe through them they maintaining the skirmish untill the other have attained the further Banke of the River Or else the Front halfe-files being opened to the right and left and faced upon the Enemy march valiantly up and receive the charge whil'st the other provide for themselves for the manner and way of this motion it may be thus performed After the Command is given the Front halfe-files are to face to the right and left and march right forth until they are cleere of the other halfe-files of the Reare then they face to the Reare and march on untill they have attained to be even in rank with them whom they had command to double which perfects the doubling The way to reduce them followeth if you keep your place of the first Front then let your half-files face about and march until they are cleare of the Reare halfe-files which stand then face to the right and left inwards and close their Division and being againe faced to their Leader they are reduced to their first forme The words of Command properly used for this reducement is Front halfe-files face about to the right and left inward March forth into your places Front halfe-files double your Reare to the right intire This doubling of the Reare to the Right intire by the Front halfe-Files is thus to be performed after the Word of Command is given the halfe Files of the Front are to face to the Left and march straight out untill they are cleare of that part of the Body which stands then they are to face againe to the Left which is the Reare and march out-right untill they ranke even with the last Ranke of the Reere-division which gives conclusion to the doubling For reducement thereof your Front halfe-Files face about to the left and march right forth untill they are cleare of the Reere halfe-Files then face them to the Right and let them march into their places then if the Commander goe to his first Front and face them all to him they are reduced as at first To double the Reare to the Left intire may bee done after the same manner
transferre all the even Files into the ground before the Front contrariwise this doubling doth transfer them into the ground next behind the Rear And as in the other doublings half the File-Leaders did remain in the Front and the other halfe were halfe-File-Leaders Now in this doubling halfe the File-Leaders are to remain in the Front and the other half are brought down and plac'd in the last Rank of the Rear and those which were Bringers up are now in this motion become the middlemost Ranks The manner of performing this doubling is thus first having given the word of Command that produceth this motion as is specified in the Margent then every man falling behind his Bringer up the even Files accounting from the hand named immediately are to face about to the right and the Bringers up of each of the even Files are to turne behind the Bringers up of the odd Files that stand And so every man as hee commeth downe to the Reare turneth to the left behind him that marcheth down the next before him untill those that were Leaders of the even Files are become the Bringers up to those that were the odd Files The reducement is thus to bee performed according to the words of Command used for that purpose Bringers up that now are double your Ranks forwards to the left The instructions for this doubling the Ranks forwards by the Bringers up into the Front is discourst of in the beginning of this Chapter where you shall find in the Margent the manner of doubling of Ranks by the Bringers up described In the next Chapter following I shall endeavour to shew the difference between Inversion and Conversion with the words of Command and Reducement belonging to those motions CHAP. LXXXIIII Of Inversion and Conversion with their words of Command whereby those motions are produc'd and the way of reducing them described FOR Etymologie of these words you may be pleased to observe that Inversion doth alwaies produce File or Files and Conversion Rank or Ranks Inversion consists of the Files filing or of Ranks filing but Coversion consists of Ranks ranking to the right or left Or by increase of Files ranking by even or uneven parts and of Ranks wheeling to the right or left But in performing these motions there is a larger distance of ground required than in any other motion The words of Command with their severall reducements are as followeth Files File on to the Right Left This word of Command is performed by causing the right-hand File to march away single the second File from the right falleth into the Rear of the first the third behind the second the fourth behind the third so consequently all the rest of the Files fall into the Rear of their next right-hand Files untill all the whole Company become one File This was invented to passe narrow Bridges or straight Paths in Woods where but one at once can passe for the reducing of these into their former stations the word of Command is File-Leaders Lead up your Files as your were which is performed every File-leader leading up his File to the left of him that marcheth before him until all the File-leaders are even in Rank together and their Files orderly following of them For the Files filing on to the left may bee performed after this precedent manner only altering the hand c. This filing by division is to bee performed after the same manner the precedent was onely this difference that Files File to the right and left by division The right-hand File of the Companie and the left-hand File of the same begin to leade forth at one and the same time in their severall places viz. The Files of the right Flank falling likewise behind the right-hand File the Files of the left Flank falling in like manner behind the left-hand File so that if the bodie of Pikes bee flankt with Musketires then this filing by division bringeth all the Musketires into the Front-division and the Pikes into the Rear of them The word for reducement is File-Leaders Leade up your Files as you were Ranks File to the Right Left To performe this all the Ranks are to bee inverted to the outmost File to the right Wherefore let all your Files bee closed to their order or close order and your Ranks opened either forwards or backwards to double distance or twice double distance according to your number of men in Rank Then let every Rank move after his right-hand man untill all the Ranks stand right in one File after the right-hand Leader of his Rank If the Commander will performe this upon a March then the Ranks shall not need to bee opened to any distance but let them take their distance in the execution of it which is the easiest way thus to performe it viz. The right-hand man of the first Rank marcheth forth-right all his Rank facing to the right and marching likewise after him The right-hand man of the second Rank falling immediately after the left-hand man of the first Rank all his Rank in like manner following of him The right-hand man of the third Rank falleth into the File after the left-hand man of the second his Rank likewise following of him and so of all the rest of the Ranks untill they become one File this kind of filing by Ranks is sooner performed than Files filing and is readier to bee reduc'd to make resistance against any opposition in the Front The word of Command to reduce them is Files Ranke as you were The manner to performe this reducement is if they were ten men in the formost Rank then the first tenne men rank to the left into the Front as they were at first The next ten men next after them which makes the second Rank The third ten men ranking to the left makes the third Rank and so of all the rest untill they be reduc'd into their first forme or station As for Ranks filing to the left c. it is to be performed after this very same manner only it differeth in the hands for in this the left-hand man of the first Rank marcheth forth-right and all his Rank facing to the left marcheth likewise after him and so of the rest If you desire to avoid the mixture of Armes you may march forwards your Musketires of each division and close them before the Pikes and invert them first or you may march forwards your Pikes first and leave the Muskets to come in the Rear or you may invert the Front-division of Shot then the Pikes and last the Rear-division of Shot Ranks File to the Right Left Ranks filing to the right and left is a doubling of the depth by an unequall proportion for in other doublings either the number of length or depth is augmented But this doubling of Inversion makes their depth so many times more in number as there are Files to double or halfe so many if it be done by division the use of it is to avoid the Shot of
outmost Files of each Flanke are to face inwards and the rest of the body are to face to the right the left are to face outward those of the right Flanke passing through the right and placing themselves behind their right hand men those of the left Flanke passing through to the left and placing themselves behind their left hand men the motion is to be begun by the second File from each Flank For the reducement of this Counter-March you must first face them to their first Front then commanding the two innermost Files to face outwards and the rest are to passe through to the right and left inward placing themselves behind their right and left hand men which being done the whole body will stand faced to the right and left outwards then being faced to their Leaders they are reduced into their first stations Or you may make use of the Counter March next before or of the next following or of any other divisionall Counter-March of Rankes which doe not interchange ground The outmost file of each flanke stand the rest passe through to the right and left place your selves on the outside of your right and left hand men This divisionall Bastard Counter-March produceth the same effect which the other two next before it wrought onely differing in the Aspect for the Lacedemonian turned the Aspect outwards the Macedonian turned the Aspect inwards and this keepes the aspect still directed the same way To performe this motion you must command the outmost File of each Flanke to stand the rest of the body are to face to the right and left outwards viz the right Flanke passing through to the right and the left Flanke to the left those of the right Flanke placing themselves on the outside of their right hand men in like manner those of the left Flanke are to place themselves on the outside of their left hand men It may be reduced eyther by any of the foregoing divisionall Counter-Marches of Rankes or else being faced to any of the Flankes then the Rankes become Files And by divisionall Counter-marches of Files you may reduce devisionall Counter-marches of Rankes or by Rankes Files onely you must observe some facings yet you may reduce this motion by commanding the two inmost Files to stand the rest are to face to the right and left inwards and so march into their places Interchange Flanks This exchanging of Flankes or Bastard Counter-march is differing from all the other divisionall Counter-marches of Rankes for this transferres the right Flanke into the place of the left and the left Flanke into the place of the right it is very proper to receive a sudden charge from the horse for so soone as they shall bee commanded to enterchange their Flankes they face to the right and left inwards and then the inmost Files of the Pikes begins the motion the rest of each Flanke following orderly likewise the Pikes are to port so soone as they begin to move and are to charge as they see occasion if neede bee the Pikes may charge at the foot the Musquetiers giving fire over their shoulders if the Pikes have too large a distance they may close at their owne pleasures as soone as they have past through For reducement you may interchange ground againe or otherwise you may Counter-march your Flankes into the middest and then an intire Counter-march eyther of Rankes or Files will reduce them And this shall suffice to finish this discourse of Counter-marches wishing every commander to be ready and well verst in all of them but principally to make use of the three first intire Counter-marches of Files as also the same of Rankes for those you cannot possibly omit in your drillings the rest you may dispense with all at your pleasure And having thus exercised your men in these motions of Counter-march the next things you are to teach them are wheelings and they are of two kinds as in the next Chapter shall more fully be demonstrated CHAP. LXXXVI How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in the motions of wheeling with the description of their kindes and uses with their severall words of command placed in the Margent WHeelings are of two kindes viz. wheelings Anguler and wheelings on the Center and these are eyther intire or divisionall The use of intire wheelings is to turne the Aspect of the front proper eyther to the right to the left or to the reere eyther for the gayning of the Wind Sunne or some such like advantages or to entertaine their enemy with their best Souldiers and for your better performing of these motions of wheelings you must first close both your Rankes and Files to their order which is three foote both in Ranke and File and likewise upon all wheelings you must be sure to observe your Leader and follow him keeping your due distance your Musquets are all eyther to be poyzed or shouldred your Pikes are to be advanced further observe that upon the exercise of the motions whether it be distance facings doublings or Counter-marches or wheelings the Musquetiers ought to bee all upon one and the same Posture eyther poyzed or shouldred and the Pikes in like manner eyther shouldred or advanced the words of command followes in the Margent and the directions how to performe the motions right against them Wherefore first you are to command them to Wheele your Battell to the right This Anguler wheeling transferres the Aspect or Countenance of the front proper into that part which was the right Flanke it also remove the Battallia from the ground whereon formerly it stood and placeth it on the part before the front the Hinge of the motion is the right corner man which hath the leading of the right hand File he with a gentle motion moveth to the right and every man the more remote his place is from the right Angle the swifter must be his motion because he is to go a greater circumstance For reducement wheele your Battallia to the left in the like manner as it was wheeled to the right but withall note that this will not bring you backe into the same ground you formerly stood on because it hath advanced you the length of your Battallia before the place of your first Front wherefore to reduce you into the same place you stood on first you must face your Battallia to the right and being so faced whele your Battell to the left which being performed face to the left and then they are compleately reduced to their first forme and station This also is an Angular wheeling and transferreth the Aspect of the Front proper towards the Reere it is performed after the same manner of the former onely the motion is twise as much wherefore observe the directions in the former Note the ground you formerly did possesse will bee twise the length of your Battallia to the left of your left Flanke For the reducing them as well to their first ground as their first aspect you must
Commander being at his front accidentall may command them to wheele their wings into the reere and so passing through to that part where his proper file-leaders areâ— and then face them to him and they are in their first forme Or else when the Commander hath past through to the Reere and faced his company to him then his pikes being foremost let him wheele his flankes into the Front who being faced to their leader are reduced Wheele front and Reere into the right flanke This divisionall wheeling of the Front and Reere into the right flanke doth quadruple the depth as for example if the body of your Battallia be but ten in depth this wheeling to the right flanke makes them forty deepe in file and but five in ranke or brest you may observe how the Musqueteires of the left flanke are devided viz the one halfe of them wheeling to the front and the other halfe to the reere Likewise the Musqueteirs of the right flanke are to wheele together into the midst The Pikes are likewise divided those that were the front halfe files are to wheele into the midst of the front division of Musquetiers And those that were the Reere division of Pikes are to wheele into the reere division of shott After the word of Command is given to wheele front and reere into the right flanke you must cause your Souldiers for to face to the right that being done they are to wheele together about the fifth and sixth men in the right hand file which is the halfe file leader to the front and halfe file leader to the reere this motion being performed right the two halfe files to the right will be converted into the two midle rankes of the Battallia and the file-leaders to the front and the bringers of the reere will be the right hand file For the reducement there may be many wayes according as the body of the Battallia may be faced but suppose they stand faced in the same forme that this Battallia did before the Motion began and then the wheeling of front and reere into the left flanke will reduce them to their first station they being faced to their Leader Or if you please to face them that way which they wheeled in the Motion which was to the right then wheele your flankes into the reere and then facing them to their proper front they are reduced Wheele front and Reere into the left flanke This divisionall wheeling of the front and reere into the left flanke is a doubling of the depth as the former was and the nature of the Motion is the same with the precedent the difference is onely in the flankes wherefore first you must cause the Battallia to face to the left and then you must wheele them as before you did wheele the flankes into the front But suppose that all the shott are placed upon the right flanke before you begin this motion then this wheeling will bring the one halfe of them into the front and the other halfe into the reere and the motion being performed and they faced towards their Commander they will be 40 deepe in file and five in ranke as the precedent motion was For reducement the usuall way is to wheele the front and reere into the Right flanke or if upon occasion you have faced your Battallia to the same way they have wheeled which was to the left flanke and would give your Command from thence then you must cause them to wheele their flankes into the reere this being done you must passe to your first front then causing them to face towards you they are in the same forme they were at first Then cause the five files of shott to face to the left and then to passe through their places Lastly you must close their rankes and files to their due distance and all is performed Wheele both flankes into the Front and Reere This divisionall wheeling of both flankes into the front and reere doth double the depth making them from ten deepe to be twenty It doth also transferre the Musquetiers from both the flankes into the front and reere making a division betweene the front halfe files and the reere halfe-files So that of one Body flankte with shott it maketh two each having their shot in the front To performe this wheeling you must take these following directions The word of Command being given as in the Margent is exprest the first thing the Souldiers have to doe is for the halfe files to face about to the reere and then the front halfe files and the reere halfe Files are to wheele at one and the same instant The front division are to wheele about their two innermost file Leaders untill the file Leaders of the right flanke meete together in the midst with the file Leaders of the left flanke the residue of their divisions orderly following of them The halfe files in like maner being faced about the bringers up in the same order as the former did are to wheele together being now the leaders of the motion in the reere This being performed and the Commander standing at the place of his first front he is to cause them to face towards him then he is to Command them to close their division which being done all your file Leaders are in the two innermost files of the front division file wise and all the bringers up in the reere division of the same files For reducement you may face them to either of the flankes and then Command them to wheele both flankes into the front and reere then facing them againe to their proper front and closing their divisions they will be as at first or if you please the Subsequent motion of wheeling will reduce it Wheele front and reere into both flankes This wheeling of front and Reere into both flankes is also a doubling of depth So that from ten deepe it makes them twenty And by this motion the shot which in the precedent wheeling was placed upon the flankes by this motion of wheeling are transferd into the midst betweene the front and the reere of the Pikes and whereas in this former motion their wheeling was about the two midlemost file leaders and Bringers up This wheeling contrariwise is about the two halfe file leaders of the outmost files of each flanke In the other wheeling the file Leaders and bringers up made the Inmost file but in this they make the outermost file of each flanke This motion being performed it leaves a large Intervall or division from front to reere betweene the flankes which if the Commander passe into the midst betweene each division and face them all to him causing them to close their divisions and then he being marcht forth into his first place causing the souldiers to direct their aspects to him then will the Pikes be in the Front and Reere For the reducement of this Motion of wheeling to its first forme and station you must cause the Battallia to face
farre forth in a straight line untill they have ranked even with the first ranke of Pikes not forgetting to leave there a distance betwixt the Inermost Musquet of each Flanke and the outermost File-Leader of the Pikes So soone as the first Ranke hath given fire and wheeled away the second Ranke is to give fire wheeling off as before and passing down betweene the Intervalls of the Flankes placing themselves after their Leaders The same is every Ranke successively to doe untill all the shot be drawne from before the Front placed on the Flankes of their Pikes But when all the shot in the front hath discharged unto the two last rankes then the Pikes are to porte and when they have all fired and wheeled away then they are to charge their Pikes then advancing their Pikes again the Battallia stands reduced as in its first forme Musquetiers make ready to give fire by Introduction to the right Files of Musquetires open by division to your open order You shall finde in the Margent the words of Command that produceth this forme of giving fire by way of Introduction it being a kinde of advancing against the Enemie and of gayning ground although not used in these our Moderne warres but in way of exercise It is to be performed two wayes The first when the motion is begun by the second Ranke from the Front The other when it is begun by the bringers up wherefore observe before the firing begin you must open your Files of Musquetiers to their open order so that the shot may passe betweene the Intervalls of each File to give fire in the Front The maner and forme of this kind of firing by Introduction may be thus performed The Pikes being flanked with the Musquetiers the first ranke of each flanke is to present and give fire and having fired they stand and make ready againe in the same place The second Ranke passing forwards before the first doe there also fire and stand The third Ranke then passing forwards after the second and standing even in Ranke with them that first fired that so soone as the second Ranke hath fired they may presently step before them and fire in like maner In this firing still the ranke which is next to fire stands even in ranke with them which last fired untill those which stand presented have first given fire after which they then passe before them the Ranke which was their next followers passing forwarde Ranking with those which last fired every man following his Leader successively untill the bringers up give fire and stand in the Front of all and then this forme will be like the figure of a Horne battell All the while that this firing by Introduction is continued the Pikes may be shouldred if there be no feare of the Enemies Horse If you continue this firing twice over the Musquetiers will have their right place which being done march up your Pikes and Ranke them even in Front with the shot and they are reduced The second way of firing by introduction The first Ranke or File Leaders are to give fire as before and to stand The last Ranke or bringers up in the interim of their firing marching up and ranking even with the second Ranke the rest follow their bringers up as they doe when bringers up double their Front the first Ranke having fired the bringers up step imediatly before them present and give fire the rest still successively doing the like untill every ranke have given fire once over observe with all that the File Leaders are to give fire twice over being the first and the last and then to stand the Pikes marching up even with their Front of Musquetiers And thus they are reduced as at first If the two first rankes of Pikes in every Battallia should have bowes fastned to their Pikes they might do good service against the enemie whilst the shot performes their duties in giving fire The words of Command which produceth this forme of a Diamand Battell is in the Margent Amongst the Ancients it hath bin of great account but in these late ages Musquetiers Ranke 1 3 5 7 9 c. by increase to the left Files of Pikes ranked by decrease after your Musquetiers not used in the warres The manner of forming it is thus first you must cause your Musquetiers of the right flanke to open to the right to a sufficient distance for the receiving the shot of the left flanke Then you must Command the left flanke of Musquetiers to passe through into the space of ground on the right This being done for to frame this battell you must command your Files of Musquetires to ranke 1 3 5 7 c. by increase to the left then you must command the Files of Pikes to ranke by decrease after the Musquetiers The Musquitiers may give fire from this forme of Battell two wayes principally the first is the giving fire in Ranke viz. the first man or point of the diamond is first to give fire then he is to wheele off to the right and place himselfe just behind the single Pikemen in the Reere then the next Ranke consisting of three men are to give fire and to wheele off by division and are to place themselves in Ranke behind the single Musquetiere as they were before the firing began next the Ranke of five Musquitiers gives fire wheeling off in like manner by division ever observing that where the number is odde and they commanded to wheele off by division there the greatest number alwayes goes to the right And after this manner every Ranke gives fire successively and place themselves after their Leaders as before is shewed when all the shot have given fire and are wheeled off then let the Pikes charge which will be fiveteene in the first Rank the rest decreasing having advanced your forme will stand like two wedges with their points joyned If you would reduce your men from this forme without giving fire then let the Musquitiers stand and the Pikes face to the Reere and then the wedge will stand faced in opposition Next you may command them to interchange ground the Musquetiers advancing forwards into the ground of the Pikes and the Pikes moving into the ground of the Musquetiers and then by facing the Pikes to the former front the body will stand in forme of a diamond againe If you would give fire from this forme in regard all the Musquetiers are placed in the Reere the body must face about so the firing will bee contrary to the former But if you wheele them about then they may give fire the same way However after fire is given they must wheele off by division and place themselves in the Reere of the Pikes even in Rank againe as they were when they gave fire Thus having all fired over wheeled away the Pikes may charge being againe advanced the body wil stand in form of a diamond The second way of firing on this Diamond forme is
their horses so that to everytroope of 120. there is 132. men allowed CHAP. CX How a single Troope of horse ought to be drawne into Ranke and File NOw it remaynes wee should make entrance into the discourse of Exercising a single Troope Therefore supposing our Troope to consist of one hundred and twenty horse wee must first order them into Rankes and Files Rankes are a number uncertaine and hapens according to the quantitie of souldiers be they more or lesse A File is a number certaine consisting of sixe persons viz a Leader two Middle men a Bringer up a Follower betweene the Leader and the Middleman to the Reare and a Follower betweene the Middleman to the Front and the Bringer up which is the last man in the File called the Reare A File differs from a Ranke because they stand face to backe and never above sixe deepe A Ranke differs from a File in regard they stand even a breast shoulder to shoulder and have no certaine extent The order of a File you shall see in this discription following 0 Leader 1 Follower 0 Middleman to the Reare 0 Middleman to the Front 1 Follower 0 Bringer up The description of a Ranke you shall understand by this demonstation following where you shall suppose twenty in Ranke and sixe deepe in File Sixe in File Reare CHAP. CXI What Orders and distances a horse Troope should observe in exercise NOw let us take notice what Orders or Distances these Files and Rankes are to observe in exercising where note that in horse Troopes there are but two sorts of distances or orders either in Ranke or File viz. close order and open order Close Order in Files is knee to knee Open Order in Files is sixe foote which is accounted a horses length Likewise close Order in Rankes is to the Horses crooper so that little or no distance remaines betweene the head of the Follower and the crooper of the Leader Likewise open order in Rankes is sixe foote above which they must never open CAAP. CXII The motions which the Cavalrie are to observe in their exercise THe Motions of the Cavallrie are of foure kindes as namely first Facings secondly Doublings thirdly Counter-Marches fourthly Wheelings The use of Facing is to make the company perfect to be suddenly prepared for a charge on either of the Flankes or the Reare Doubling of Rankes or doubling by halfe Files or Bringers up is used upon occasion of strengthening the Front Doubling of Files or Doubling by halfe Rankes serveth to strengthen the Flankes Counter-Marches serve either to reduce the File-leaders into the place of the Bringers up and so to have the best men ready to receive the charge of an Enemy in the Reare or to bring one Flanke into the place of the other or Front and Reere or either Flanke into the middle of the body The use of Wheeling is to bring the Front which is all wayes supposed to consist of the ablest men to be ready to receive the charge of the Enemy on either Flanke or Reere CHAP. CXIII The Manner how a Commander over 120. Horse besides Officers should Troope with them into the Field to be exercised NOw wee are to suppose this Troope of 120. horsemen are to be ordered in Ranke and File fit to draw into the Field for exercise where note they are five in Ranke and sixe deepe in File and every Officer marching in his due place as appeares by this subsequent demonstration Captaine Trumpet Cornet Eld. Corporall Second Corporall Yongest Corporall Livetenant Trumpet CHAP. CXIV How a Commander should draw this Troope of Horse into a body in manner of Battalia standing at their open Order or Distance of sixe foote YOur Troope of horse being drawne into the Field before you can exercise them you must draw up the dimissions into an even body in manner of Battallia viz. the first devision led by the Captaine being come to a convenient place of Exercise is to stand firme Then the Cornet is to leade up the second Division upon the left side of the former fronting even and keeping even destances both in Ranke and File Thirdly the Eldest Corporall is to leade up his Devision upon the left side of the Cornets fronting them even with the former Lastly the second Corporall brings up his last Division upon the left hand of the eldest corporall observing their due orders and proportions both in Rankes and Files And being thus drawne in Battallia there shall be consequently be in the Front the Captaine whose place is to stand upon the right hand before the Front of the first Division The eldest Trumpet and Cornet before the Front of the second Devisions The eldest Corporall before the Front of the third Division The second Corporall before the Front of the fourth Division And in the Reare the Lievetenant the youngest Corporall and youngest Trumpet Trumpet Second Corporall Eldest Corporall Cornet Captaine Front Reare Livetenant Trumpet Corporall CHAP. CXV How Souldiers are to be made to understand their Commanders intention in time of skirmish BEfore wee can proceede to the Exercising of this Troope of Horse wee must take notice how and by what meanes the souldiers should understand their Commanders 〈◊〉 that accordingly they may immediatly act and put in execution such things as are commanded And this is to be performed by the Commander three severall wayes First by the immediate command of the Captaine either so that every souldier heares the word of Command distinctly himselfe or by Tradition from inferiour Officers whose office is to eccho such commands throughout the Troope and this is termed vocall Secondly when the Captaine commands the Trumpet to sound such points of warre as are generally knowne to every particular souldier this is termed Semivocall The first point of warre the Trumpet sounds is Butte Sella this is the warning to clappe on the Saddles The second is Mountè Cavallo that is the warning for the souldiers to mount upon horse backe The third is Tucquet that is the warning for a March. The fourth is Carga Carga that is a command for to charge the Enemy The fift is Alâ— Standâ—rdo that is a command for to retreate to the Colours The sixt and last is Auquet that is a command for the souldiers to repaire to their Watch or Guards or for the discharging of the Watch or Guards In the third place when the Commander shall make such perfect signes pregnant to the sight as by charging with his Trunâ—ion or Pistoll or by holding up the colours whereby the souldiers take notice by the first to charge on and by the second to make a stand and this is termed Mute wherefore you may perceive it is a thing of great consequence to accustome your souldiers to these things without which a world of inconveniences and confusion must of necessitie betide you in times of skirmishing Further in regard the exercising a Troope of Horse is tedious and painefull for a
o o o o o o o o o o o o o Halfe files to the left hand double your Front hHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhH hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Bringers up to the right hand double your Front Bringers up as you were HhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHh hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Files to the left hand Counter-march HhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHh h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Files close to the right and left to your close Order oooooHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHooooo ooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooo ooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooo ooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooo ooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooo ooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooo Rankes close forwards to your close order H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o To the left hand wheele H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h CHAP. CXX The Fashion of Horse Battels discourst of and first of the Rhombe the Wedge and the Square IN regard we shall not have the opportunitie to discourse and demonstrate every kinde of Battell that at this time is in use when wee shall come to intreate of the embattelling of the Infantry with the Cavalry therefore I thinke it most convenient to discourse of some formes of Embattelling the Cavalry which are of greatest use And the rather because the Cavalry for the most part are employed upon peculiar services in the absence of the Infantry Those that have formerly written of this subject have not fully exprest their owne conceits Therefore to make all things cleere I shall indeavour to set downe the severall figures of each severall kinde The Thessalians were the first inventers of the Rhombe and conceived it to be an absolute forme in regard they were ready to turne their faces every way with speede and not easily to be surprised in Flanke or in the Reare because the best men are plac'd in the Fanke and the commanders in the Angles viz. the Captaine in the Front and in the right and left Angles of the Flankes the two ablest Corporalls and the Livetenant in the reare Angle Of these kinde of battells called the Rhombes there are foure sorts severally distinguished the first kinde Files and Rankes The second forme neither File nor ranke the third forme Files but ranke not the fourth ranke but file not The first kind of Rhombe that doth both file and ranke is ordered as followeth viz. you are to make the greatest ranke being the middle most of an uneven number as of a 11. or 13. or 15. or 17. to which you are to joyne other rankes before and behind every one containing two lesse than the former as if the greatest ranke consisted of 17. the next rankes on either side are to have but 15. the next on either side of those but 13 and so every one two lesse untill at last you come to one as you may perceive by the next Figure following the longest ranke consists of 15. the next of 13 c. and so the whole Rhombe hath 113 horse in Battalia of these I intend to shew you the order of framing them although not much used in these late warres afterwards I shall discourse of sundry formes of Embattelling in a discourse by it selfe The Rhombe of Horse The Front Left Flanke Right Flanke The Reare CHAP. CXXI The manner and forme how the second kinde of Rhombe is ordered in Battalia THe next kind of Rhombe which neither Files nor Ranks was by the antient Generalls thought very proper for service in regard the turnings and other motions were to be performed very easily having nothing to hinder them before behinde or in Flancke For the ordering of this forme of Battell you must first place the Leader then one aâ— his right and an other at his left hand and in such a distance that their horses heads reach up to his horses shoulders as in the formall battell The first row you must also make of an uneven number as 21. the Leader of the Troope standing in the midst and 19. other being laid to him backwards on either side so that this ranke containeth two sides of the Rhombe like to this A. Then the Reare Commander is placed directly behinde the Leader and to him are other joyned forwardly on either side like to this Figure V. and the number of the following rankes after the first there are to be two lesse than the former and therefore nine must be added on either side of the Reare Commander so that the number of
Souldier should grouÌ„d his worth on The obedient behaviour of the Turkes in their warres Sixe speciall vertues required in a Souldier An Illustration of Authoritie by the draughts of Pictures How Souldiers must be obedient to thâ—r Officers bee they of never so low a degree Plato in lib. 1. de Legib There may bee use made of the Treason but the Traytor shall nere be trusted The duty of a Governour of a Garrison The office of the Maior of a Fort. A Corporall is to order his Watch by the burning of a peece of Match so many inches for an houre The Maior by the Governours commandement is to see every Captaine exercise his company twice aweeke at least in the Summer time and the Squadrons upon the guard in the Wintâ—â— every night In every Bulworke ought to be a Corps 〈◊〉 Guard and over each Port for the Souldiers to guard by night in The Mayor must see his store-house be fild with Ammunition and Victuals fit to entertaine a long Siege Note it is not above one or two Companies of a Regiment that guards in the out-workes at one time Vnlesse some trees or bankes may safegard them Hist. Italy Comines lib. 1. Pag. 22. Daniel 2. 28. Comines Deut. 4. 2. Ioshua 1. 7. and 7. 13. Pro. 30. 6. Revel 22. 18. Numb 16. 3. The bound him and cut off his eye-lids and set him in a hollow tree upright filled full of sharpe nayles there continuing in horrible paine till hee dyed Numb 10. 12. Lactantius Virgil. Tertul. Rom. 13. 1 2. Proverb 19. 12 Titvs 3. 1. Astra regunt homines Sed regit astra Deus Joâ—â—â—ille cap. 16. Licurgus his witty answer De Bello Gallico lib. 6. 1623. Tacitus Strab. lib. 3. of the Venet. Tacit. lib. 4. cap. 5. Aristot. lib. 4. de anim cap. 6. The wonderfull loyaltie and valour of Proâ—esâ—lâ—us Heylin Heylin Knollâ—s Xiphilinus Two things requireable in a valiant Souldier to make him fit to undergoe the greatest misery warre can reduce him unto The definition of griefe and sadnesse Three kindes of sadnesse which blemish the valour of a Souldier Philip de Comines Treasury of time Strabo lib. 7. Pezelin Slâ—id Heylin Vpon some occasions Souldiers ought not to misconster the forbearing to joyne Battell and take it as cowardise A second reason why a Generall may refuse Battell without the imputation of a Coward The third reason why a Generall may refuse Battell without the imputation of a coward The first observation of an Army indued with valour Second observation Third observation The fourth simptome of valour in an Army The fift simptome of valour in an Army The sixth Simptome The seventh Simptome The eight Simptome How valour may bee begotten and bred Ioshua 1. vers 6. 7. A safe argument to prove the lawfulnesse of duells Numb 5. 26 27. The Combat is denied to a Christian in action sufferance and right Miracles only pertaine to the power of God Murther may happen by Combats The act of Combat killeth charity Naturall equity is for the conservation of mankind and combat is for his destruction The two maine precepts of naturall equity are broken by the act of Combat King Iames his observation upon Comb. Pag. 2. Pag. 3. Ibidem Pag. 4. Pag. 6. Pag. 8. Pag. 9. Pag. 4â— The distinguishing of abuses from whence quarrels arise Pag. 45. The party offending is to be immediately committed The Lye ranckt with the highest Verball wrongs Pag. 50. pag. 52 pag. 53. pag. 54. pag. 56. pag. 57. Ibidem pag. 67. pag. 8â— pag. 86. pag. 87. 〈…〉 pag. 88. pag. 90. pag. 93. pag. 97. pag. 98. pag. 100. Pag. 17 Pag. 113. Pag. 114. What orders the Governour gives him in charge â—he is to let his Captaine understand of it If the Guard bee at a Port then the Serjant is to guard with his Holbert all the day with the Squadron and many times all night in times of danger Ensigne Epps at the Battell of Flanders c. If it bee in the darke or night season Note the Captaine is not to release any prisoner that is committed by any of higher authority without their consent Quem 〈◊〉 oderunt quenquisque odit perisse experit Many times the Captaines themselves are sent for to take the Word themselves and the Orders if they be of importance The Serjeant-Major is to draw the Billeâ—s from the Major Generall and the inferiour Officers to takâ— them from him He is to have a Catalogue of the just number of the Army together with the true sortment and division of every weapon and in his memory he must have the formes of all kind of Battells Some have held that the Earle Marshall iâ— chiefest in the Generalls absence and ought to have the principall command of the Armie In the Discourse of the marching of an Army you shall more fully reade how to dislodge a Campe by night The especiall Officers named for the private councell of Warre The three usuall words of command in time of Service Note the Musquetiers of the right Flanke are to make the Van. Note that betweene each division in march there ought to be 12 foote distance viz. 6 foote before the Officeâ— and 6 foote behind Note in march the Files must be at order and the Rankes at open order Note in all the Postures of a Musquet the hand and foot must move at one instant for the better grace of the posture Note the Musquet is rested when this Posture is to be performed The Musquet being shouldred it is to bee poised as I have shewed you in the first Posture here mentioned at Resting your Musquet Note after the Musquet is setled on the shoulder the Rest must hang almost perpendicular towards the ground Note here they begin to make ready which they may doe eyther standing or marching This Posture is as usually done when the Musquet and Rest is joyned together Note you ought to take the Peece in such an even ballance that the butt-end rests not against the ground Note the Souldiers must be placed in their distance for Motion sixe foote both in Ranke and File When your Souldiers begin any motion let them advance their Armes when they come to a stand and have performed their motion let them order their Armes As for the causing your Souldiers to face to the right and left or to the right and left inward or to the right angle or left angle or to the foure Angles I leave it to the discretion of the Commander either to doe it or leave it and the like for the facing of halfe files It is nccessary for Souldiers to move 10. or 12. paces upon every motion of facing whether entire or Divisionall Of the several distances you shall reade before The manner of doubling of Files described The manner of doubling of Rankes by the Bringers-up described The manner of doubling of Files outward and inward described Of doubling Files to the right and left inwards The manner of doubling of Rankes by
Chap. 125. The Reason why wee retaine the custome of Ranking five deepe in File 314 Chap. 126. How the Cavalrie are to order and demeane themselves in proportionable Battels fit to be joyned with the Infantrie with their due order of fighting against the Enemies Foot-Troopes Likewise how they are to give and receive a Charge of the Enemies Cavalrie in Grosse as also in single Combats and assaults 316 SECT XIII A Discourse of Politique Stratagems Chap. 127. A perfect Demonstration of such Politique Stratagems as have beene plotted and and practised both by Ancient and Moderne Commanders 321 Chap. 128. How the Prince of Orange tooke in Grolle in Gelderland 322 Chap. 129. A Policie to deferre time when a Towne is beleaguered that reliefe may bee gained Ibid. Chap. 130. How Zophirus by a Politique Stratagem delivered a whole Armie into his Generalls hands Ibid. Chap. 131. How Philip Macedon and divers others by their Policie have gained Kingdomes by affording their aydes to distressed Princes 323 Chap. 132. A Policie to preserve Townes from revolting with a covert-way to banish such men as are held in suspition Ibid. Chap. 133. A Politique way to prevent an Enemie from stopping the March of part of an Army 324 Chap. 134. A Politique way for an Army that is fallen into danger to escape it by securing the one halfe by the hazarding the other Ibid. Chap. 135. A Policie whereby Scanderbeg in a Battell against the Great Turke overthrew his Troopes of Horses Ibid. Chap. 136. A Policie which the Duke de Alva used to fortifie his Army against the Prince of Orange his Horse 325 Chap. 137. A Policie to prevent rebellion of such in high Authority as are discontented or of a proud and haughty spirit Ibid. Chap. 138. How a Generall ought to demeane himselfe Politickly both in giving of Battell and in refusing it Ibid. Chap. 139. A Politicke observation of a Generall how hee should intreat a Peace 326 Chap. 140. A Policie to prevent the assistance of a forreigne friend Ibid. Chap. 141. How to gaine fortunate successe to an Army Ibid. Chap. 142. A Policie used by Marrius to trie the fidelity of the French which inhabiâ—ed Lombardy 325 Chap. 143. A policie to compell an Enemy out of a Land without hazarding an Army in Battell with him ibid. Chap. 144. How a Generall sbould use policie in letting an enemy passe without sight ib. Chap. 145. A policie to make Souldiers fight in a pitcht Battell and to prevent their running away 328 Chap. 146. A policie of a Genoys used to the Negotiator of Lodwick Sforza to cause him to know the nature of oppression ibid. Chap. 147. A policie to be used by a Generall to encourage Souldiers to worke in time of necessitie ibid. Chap. 148. A politicke way for a Generall to gaine a difficult passage with his Army ibid. Chap. 149. A policie to bee used by a Generall to further the assault made against a Towne 329 Chap. 150. A politicke Stratagem used by the Hollanders to take in the Towne of Breda ibid. Chap. 151. A policie which the Citie of Cassiline used to make Haniball raise his seige ibid. Chap. 152. Caesars policie in letting the Dutchmen flie that he might vanquish them 330 Chap. 153. How by a Stratagem the Guard of the Sconse at Zutphen was cut off and the Sconse taken and immediatly after the Towne ibid. Chap. 154. A policie used by the Romans to relieve such Townes as had Rivers running by or thorow them ibid. Chap. 155. How the Governour of Bergen-up-zone had like to have routed Spinola's Army at his first beseiging it 331 Chap. 156. A policie used by Mennon of Rhodes to draw his enemy out of his Trenches to give him Battell ibid. Chap. 157. How Marcellus by a politicke Stratagem cut off Haniballs Forces which came to assault the Towne of Nola. Ibid. Chap. 158. A Policie which Scipio used to weaken and dishearten the Army of Asdruball before he would give him Battell whereby he gayned the victory 332 Chap. 159. A Politicke Stratagem which Titus Didus made use of to prevent his enemy for encountring with his fresh supplies that were comming to assist him ib. Chap. 160. A Policie of Haniball to bring the Romans into jealousie of their Generall Fabius Maximus that thereby he might worke his owne ends 333 Chap. 161. A Politicke Stratagem whereby an Army hath beene disheartned in time of Battell ib. Chap. 162. A Politick Stratagem used by Labienus in France whereby he vanquished his enemies Army marching over a River ib. Chap. 163. A Policie whereby an Army may passe over a River when the Enemy attends the advantage to ruine them ibid. Chap. 164. An excellent Policie for a Generall to put off a people that he is in league with all and desires his assistance 334 Chap. 165. The Policie of Vigetius to convâ—y foote-Troopes over a River that is passable so that the streame shall not offend them ib. Chap. 166. How by a Politicke device the Hollanders obtained a convenient peece of ground from their Enemy upon which they built the Sconce called Skinkes ibid. Chap. 167. Haniballs politicke observations in placing his Battells upon advantages 335 Chap. 168. A Policie used by Pyrrhus whereby he deluded the Lacedemonians ibid. Chap. 169. How Demetrius by a Politick Stratagem overthrew the Army of Ptolomie ibid. Chap. 170. A Politicke way to weaken an Enemies Army ibid. Chap. 171. A Politicke Stratagem used by Fulvius whereby he cut off the Sallies of the Cimbrians 336 Chap. 172. A policie whereby Alexander deceived the Illyrians by counterfeiting the Enemies Colours ibid. Chap. 173. A policie used by Tamirus and Tiberius Gracchus whereby they overthrew their enemies whole Army at once without losse or hazard to themselves ibid. Chap. 174. A politicke Stratagem used by Eumenes to cause his Souldiers to follow him upon a dangerous attempt ibid. Chap. 175. A policie to gaine a Towne whose fidelitie is doubtfull 337 Chap. 176. A policie used by Alexander to secure Thracia from rebellion ibid. Chap. 177. A policie to beguile an Enemie from opposing an Army that would march over a River ibid. Chap. 178. A politick Stratagem used by Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar whereby he surprised the strong towne of Manheim in the Pallatinate ibid. Chap. 179. A politicke Stratagem used by Alexander whereby he forced his Enemy from a passage which by strength he could not have gained 338 Chap. 180. How Scipio by his justice and chast carriage to a faire Lady which he had taken prisoner wonne the hearts of his Enemies ibid. Chap. 181. A politicke answer of Alexander unto certaine malicious enemies and his wise device to gaine their love ibid. Chap. 182. A politicke course used by Tamberline whereby he gained speedy conquests 339 Chap. 183. A policie used by Edward the fourth to suppresse his Rebells ibid. Chap. 184. A politicke device used by William Rufus to get moneys ibid. Chap. 185. A politicke course to keepe a new conquered people
Captaine of the Watch or to bee commanded our with some Troopes for the guarding of some passage to prevent the Enemies approches Hee is to exercise his Company in all their postures he ought to bee gallantly apparelled with a faire Sword and Brigandine if hee be commanded to passe upon any Service with part of the Company he is not to carry his Colours also if the 〈◊〉 Company are to guard some dangerous Out-workes as a halfe Moone or a Redouâ— the Company is to troope thither and he is to leave his Colours in the quarters with a sufficient guard over them and hee is to take for his weapon a good Pike Also every Souldiers honour is highly ingaged to defend and preserve their Ensigne and if occasion of necessity should happen they must not spare to runne upon the Pikes to releeve him as divers valiant Souldiers formerly have done Histories have eternized to their immortall fame the honourable exploits of Captaine Morerula and his two Brothers one of them being his Ensigne at the siege of the Citie of Africa in Barbary in Charles the fifts time when Iohn de Vega Vice-Roy of Sicilia scaled the Walls of it this Ensigne being sore wounded and overthrowne his Brother being Serjeant seconded him and recovered the Colours who advancing forwards like a valiant Souldier was slaine the Captaine Brother to them both tooke up the Colours and performed the Ensignes office who in the scaling of the Wall was sore hurt and died thereof thus three valiant brethren died honourably in defending their Colours if an Ensigne should lose all his Colours from the staffe and hose it is no dishonour When an Army is drawne into Batalia the Ensigne ought to stand out before the front of it some five paces and if the Generall or some other chiefe Officer of the Field passe by he is gently to vaile his Colours holding the butte end of his staffe at his girdlested Also a maxime that no Souldier moves Hat or Helmet to the greatest Commander that is but only to bow his body to him Likewise in time of Battell the Ensigne is to withdraw himselfe for his safety into the middle-most Ranke of the Pikes Likewise in a March the Ensigne is to march before the first division of Pikes with his flying Colours If a King or great Prince passeth by the Ensigne is to vaile his Colours close to the ground with his knee bending in token of Alegiance and submission every Ensigne of private Companies ought to observe how the Ensigne of the Right hand of the Battell orders his Colours after the same manner hee is to order his every Souldier upon an Allarme is speedily to repaire to his Colours likewise not to forsake them untill they be lodged when any Company shall march either into Campâ— Guard Fortresse or Castle no Souldier ought to disarme himselfe untill they see first the Colours placed and the Ensigne disarmed Likewise no sooner shall a Souldier see the Ensigne take up his Colours but they should arme and ranke themselves immediately No Ensigne ought to disarme himselfe upon any Guard Campe or Field untill hee sees that with safety hee may doe it Likewise an Ensigne should shew himselfe forwardest with his Colours in assaulting a Fort or entring a Breach to incourage the Souldiers manfully to fall on to defend and make way for them he ought to behave himselfe so that he may gaine the love of all the Souldiers whereby his owne person shall be in the more safetie when he shall attempt any perrillous exploits for love will command a Souldier to fight when all things in the world else 〈…〉 him forwards and let him know that the vertue of the Ensigne 〈…〉 the vertue and valour of the Captaine and his whole band I could wish 〈…〉 Captaines would be pleased to be more circumspect in their election of 〈◊〉 and not to put undeserving fellowes of base birth and qualitie into place of 〈◊〉 which deserves Gentlemen of quality to officiate the Office of 〈…〉 place of repute and honour doth not sâ—te with every Yeoman Taylor or Fidler as I have knowne to one Company in Essex all these oâ— the like Mechanick fellowes have had the honour to beare the Colours before a generous Captaine of Noble birth whose name I forbeare to relate but let it be an 〈◊〉 to all generous Captaines to make choyce of Officers that are well bred and deserving otherwise they doe but disgrace themselves and abuse his Majesties service and the reputation of our Countrey CHAP. LXV The Office of a Lieuâ—tenant to a private Company and his duty both in Garrison and in Field declared A Lieuetenant is an Office of high credit and reputation and he ought in all respects to bee well indoctrinated and qualified in the Arts Millitary and ought not to bee inferiour in knowledge to any Officer of higher authority for an unskilfull Captaine may better demean himselfe with an experienst Lieuetenant then an unskilfull Lieuetenant can â—adge with a skilfull Captain because all businesse belonging to a Company is for the most part ordered by the Lieuetenant the Captaine having other imployments of greate importance hee is to see the company fitted in all respects for service hee is the right hand to his Captaine in ayding and assisting him as well in the brunt of Battell as in Peace hee is to see to the fitting and furnishing of all things necessary belonging to the Company hee is to keepe a perfect roule of all the Souldiers in the Company and to observe that every Squadron bee compleate hee is to view the sufficiency and â—â—â—enesse of the Armes and to give order for the repayring of such as shall bee found defective hee is to order and ranke the Company fit for his Captaine to March with hee is to divide his Company into foure divisions making two divisions of the Pikes and two of the Musquetieres hee is to ranke the first division of Musquets in the Front and the second division of Musquets in the Reare of the Pikes hee is to March in the Reare of the Company into the Field and in Marching out of the Field the Captaine is to March in the Reare and the Lieuetenant in the Front he is carefully to passe upon his duty to see the squadrons drawne to the Guards for to Watch hee is to bee very carefull and diligent in exercising his Company either by squadrons uppon the Guards or the whole Company in the Field assuming fit and convenient times hee is to leade on the left Wing of shot in time of service in time of exercising hee is to helpe order the Company so that his Captaine may have the more ease and freedome hee ought to bee silent and to cause silence in the Company during the time of his Captaines exercise he ought to bee in the Reare of the Company to instruct the Souldiers how to act and observe the Captaines commands he ought to call over the Company and take a particular survey
and to deliver unto him any other instructions which had formerly beene neglected what the Lord Marshall is to doe about the restoring of Gentlemens honours which have beene maliciously disgrac'd and his deciding of all quarrels I have formerly intreated of in the Discourse of unjust valour but this will suffice to let the ingenuous souldier see a glimpse of this noble Office CHAP. LXXII Of the Councell of Warre and of their Office and duties in the time of Warre the Army being in Campe or otherwise THere is nothing in this sublunary World which requires more mature Consultations Deliberations and grave advise then the Subject of Warre in regard the welfare of Citties Countries and Kingdomes wholy depends upon it Wherefore above all other Marshall men those of the counsell of Warre are to bee best experienced and of most approved judgements And that Generall is happy that hath for his Counsellours grave wise skilfull experienced vertuous and painfull men for his assistance to expostulate all matters and occurrences which shall appertaine to the good and safety of the Army and to the weakning and ruining of the Enemy When a Generall is engaged in these great businesses of the Warres and hath for the government and ruling of his Army and the affaires thereunto belonging appointed his superiour Officers hee is then out of the whole and entire number to select an especiall company of the most religious valiant expert wise men whose yeeres and judgements are mature to bee of his Counsell as namely all Colonells and their equalls Yet it is to bee understood that from hence hath growne a distinguishment of Counsels and according to the variation of Marshall Courts so they have altered both in emminency and application some being Generall as in the tryall and judging of criminall offenders and to this all Captaines enrowled within the Generalls list may freely and by their owne right be admitted others are more especiall as where the debatement of provisions the Raysing of Taxes and the ordering of the publike affaires of the Campe are handled and to this all Colonells and Officers within their rancke are admitted and doe consult and conclude with the Generall for all the welfares and benefits which doe appertaine unto the Army But the last Councell of all is a great deale more private and the matters which are handled therein are of that consequence for secreâ—ie and â—ffect that it were unfit and not allowable so many should bee drawne thereunto â—or that all sorts of men should partake of every Statâ— Negotiation or those powerfull stratagems which indeed should lodge in the strongest and safest bosomes for notwithstanding men of great experience and valour or men of high birth and Rancke may in a short space of time ascend to command a Colonells place in the field yet may Learning Iudgement Secreâ—ie and divers other vertues without which a priuy Councellour cannot subsist be so farre removed and distant from his nature that it were a great solicisme in State to admit such trust to his Bosome So on the other side men of meaner and lower advancement who are not capable of those high places in the Army may yet bee much apter to advise and have a better and stronger Fort wherein to keepe secrets from perishing then those of a higher calling and therefore not without good warrant are many times chosen and admitted to this noble place of trust and preferment Alexander tooke â—armenio Clytus and all the ouldest of his Father Philips Commanders to advise counsell and strengthen him in all his Warlike affaires Caesar likewise made choyse of Cato that by his advice he might ruine Pompey thus Antony prevayled during the life of Publicalo and Augustus held himselfe fortunate in the Councels of 〈◊〉 Likewise wee have moderne instances how Philip of Spaine gave to Don Iohn Duke of Austria that brave Souldier Don Lewis de Zuniga to counsell him in all Marshall occasions and our Edward the third did the like for the blacke Prince Hee made choyse for his Councellors the Earle of Warwicke Suffolke Salisbury and Oxford by the strength of whose advice in the Battell of Poicteirs hee not onely overthrew all the Flowers of France but also tooke Iohn their King and Philip his Sonne Prisoners Those Generalls that have runne in precipitate courses rejecting both Councellours and Councells have soone ruined themselves and their Armyes as Crassus when he brought himselfe and eleven Legions to bee rowted and massacred in Parthia and Tyberius Gracchus when he had his braines dasht out in the Capitoll After the same manner did Caius Gracchus who was made a bloudy sacrifice on the top of Mount Aventine for the much advised tempting of his fortunes By this we may see there is nothing more necessary than a sufficient Councell of Warre for their counsell and advice is more prevailent in Marshall-discipline than eyther Armour or Weapons and more brave exployts have beene atchieved by wisedome and policy than ever could be brought under by violence and daring To speake generally of this especiall and private Councell of Warre and who are to be supposed meetest to succeed and rise unto the same they are these especiall Officers following who by vertue of their first place are ever capable of the second because none of lesse merit and desert may or ought to assume unto the sway or command of this prime dignity Of these privie Councellors the Lieutenant-Generall of the Horse hath the first place the Lord Marshall hath the second the Master of the Ordnance hath the third the Treasurer of the Warre the fourth and the eldest Coâ—â—â—ell in the Field the fifth But if the number of Councellors arise to any great extent then they are chosen out of other great personages of eminency and worth at the discretion of the Generall these private Councell of Warre are to negotiate and deale in matters that are profound dangerous and difficult and are to argue and dispute them with sound understandings and deepe judgements And this shall suffice to conclude this discourse As for other Officers belonging to the Army I omit to discourse of their Offices in regard they have no charge of Souldiers under them as the Treasurer the foure Corporals of the Field the Quarter-masters the Muster-masters Scout-master Provost-marshall Victuall-master Forrage-master Wagon-master Trench-master Captaine of the Pioners c. Happily I shall take occasion to discourse afterwards of some of these Offices in the Treatise of Incamping the Army and in the Discourse of Framing of Battels where I shall more fitly give a touch of them We are in the next place to discourse of the Exercising of the Foot and Horse THE ART OF DRILLING OR EXERCISING A FOOTE COMPANY SECT XI CHAP. LXXIII The manner how every Officer should drill and exercise their Companyes of Foote in all their Postures and motions with the severall wayes of giving fire ALthough it bee a thing familiar to divers men to Drill and exercise a Foote Company
Now it remains to demonstrate the way and manner of Files ranking by Conversion in equall parts the word of Command is Files Rank â—our to the left To performe this motion the right-hand File-leader leadeth forth his File the three next men behind him move forwards to the left hand of each other untill they rank even a Brest with their File-leader The next four in like manner ranking to the left do make the second Rank they being but eight deep The File-leader of the second File placeth himselfe next after him that was the half-File-leader of the first which now is become the right-hand man of the second Rank the three next men behind him makes up his Rank and so in like manner for all the rest untill the motion be quite perfected This converts each File into two Ranks and brings all the proper File-leaders and half-File-leaders to make the outmost File to the right The Bringers up both of the Front and Rear half-Files maketh the outmost File to the left For the reducement of this motion of Files ranking four to the left is thus to bee performed first cause your Ranks to file or invert to the right which being done command every File-leader to lead up his File to the left and so every man will bee in his first station CHAP. LXXXV How an Officer is to exercise his souldiers in three manner of Countermarches which are to be performed two manner of wayes viz. one by File the other by Rank THe next thing to bee performed after you have exercised your men in the doubling of their Ranks and Files is to teach them how to countermarch Wherefore you may first begin with intire Countermarches by File The word of Command which produceth it followeth Files to the right-hand Countermarch As soon as the word of Command is given if they be to countermarch to the right then all the File-leaders are to step forwards with their right-legs and face about to the right-hand every File-leader with his File following him passing down towards to the Rear through the Intervall on his right hand still observing to keep even in Rank with his right-hand man and note That no man must turne untill hee come to the ground where at first his File-leader began the Countermarch This motion is performed when the Bringers up have attained unto the place where before their File-leaders stood Files to the left-hand Countermarch To countermarch to the left-hand worketh the same effect and is done after the same manner only differing in hands For reducing them into their former stations If you countermarch to the right by countermarching again to the left brings them into their first forme Files to the right-hand Countermarch every man turning after his Leader on the ground he stands This Lacedaemonian Countermarch is to be performed as followeth the File-leaders of each File are to step side-waies to the right-hand and therewithall to face about to the Rear and so march even in Rank down together between the Intervalls or spaces of ground between File and File no man advancing a foot forwards but turning off the ground they stand on after their Leaders when they are past by them still observing to keep their due distance and so Rank after Rank still turning off to the right untill the motion be performed Files to the left-hand Countermarch every man turning after his Leader on the ground hee stands To countermarch to the left-hand worketh the same effect and is to be performed after the same manner only differing in hand For reducing them into their former stations If first they countermarcht to the right-hand by countermarching again to the left brings them into their first forme Bringers up face about to the right the rest passe through to the Rear and place your selves before your Bringers up This Lacedaemonian Countermarch doth lose the ground also whereon it formerly stood and takes the ground behind the Rear The manner of the motion is as followeth viz. the last Rank of Bringers up face to the Rear and stand the rest of the Body facing about in like manner and passing through or between their bringers up and placing themselves even in Rank before them The Motion is begun by the Rank next the Bringers up and so continued successively by the rest untill the Countermarch be ended It is to be reduc'd by performing the same motion to the contrary hand or the next subsequent motion following will reduce this into its former station Bringers up stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers up This Lacedaemonian Countermarch by which the former may be reduc'd is thus to be performed The last Rank or Bringers up are to stand firm and the rest of the Body are to face to the Rear and passe through to the right place themselves behind their Bringers up contrary to the Countermarch last shown in which they plac'd themselves before The motion is also begun by the second Rank from the Rear the rest following successively until the File-leaders are become the Bringers up then face them about after their proper File-leaders and they are reduc'd File-Leaders face about to the right the rest passe through to the right and place your selves behind your Leaders The motion of this Macedonian Countermarch is from the Rear to the Front quite contrary to the Lacedaemonian whose motion was from the Front to the Rear This Macedonian Countermarch makes semblance in the Rear of flight but presently produceth a setled Front when perhaps the enemy with a too early pursuit hath broken the order of array The way to perform this Countermarch is as followeth The File-leaders or first Rank face about to the right the rest of the body passe through between the Intervals or distance betwixt Files to the left and place themselves behind their Leaders every Rank beginning with that next the File-leaders passing through successively and taking their places untill the Countermarch be fully executed This may be reduc'd as the former were by doing the same to the contrary hand or as formerly is said by any intire Countermarch of File or it may bee reduc'd by another Macedonian Countermarch which in the next place shall be described File-Leaders face to the Rear the rest of the Body passe through to the left following your Bringers up placing your selves behind your Leaders By this Macedonian Countermarch the precedent Countermarch may be reduc'd to its former station and it is thus performed The first Rank or File-leaders face to the Rear then the last Rank begin the Countermarch passing forwards between the Intervalls the seventh Rank following the eighth the sixth following the seventh and so likewise the rest untill the whole body bee trans-ferred into the ground before the Front and then joyntly together facing to the right about after their Leaders the Countermarch is ended For reducement take this for a Rule that any intire Countermarch of File
by way of Counter-march and is an oblique firing for whereas in the other firing by Rankes in the Diamond Battell each Ranke fired by increase of two beginning with one and ending with 15. 17. or 21 c. according to the quantitie of your Souldiers in a Ranke this second kind of firing contrary wise may beginne with 15. 17. or 21 c. and end with one still decreasing two and to performe this firing your Files must be at open order because the Musquetiers must Counter-march downe betweene the Intervals of their owne Files to the right every Musquetiere that findes him-himselfe without a Leader being to present and give fire and then to Counter-march to the right and to place himselfe in the Reere of his owne File behind the Pikes when the first Ranke if it consists but of 15. have given fire then the next Ranke of 13. is to present give fire and Counter-march still placing themselves in the Reere of their owne files next there fireth 11. then 9 c. And in this manner of firing they that fire together stand neither in Ranke nor File but obliquely when all the shot have fired and are Counter-marcht into the Reere of their owne Files then the Rankes will become two and two of a number Your men standing in the forme before described if you please you may produce another forme by facing them all to the Reere then command your Musquetiers to march ten or twelve paces your Pikes to stand and your Musquetiers will make resemblance of a hollow wedge and your Piks of a sollid wedge Lastly to reduce all these severall formes into the first proper square battell first let the sollid wedge close forwards into the hollow of the other then let the shot make ready present and give fire as before viz. every Musquetiere that findes himselfe without a Leader is to give fire and Counter-march to the Reere of his owne File and the rest doing the like successively when they have all fired and are all Counter-marcht cleare let the Pikes charge and then the body of your Battallia will have the forme of a Diamond againe Next face them all to the Reere and command the Rankes to file 8. c. to the right which being done passe the shot through which belongs to the left flanke into their places and close the Musquetiers to the right Flanke to their due distance and then they will stand in their proper reducement Wheele your Flankes into the front and face the body to one of the flanks and wheele your battell into a Convex halfe Moone The manner and use of the severall wayes of firing belonging to this forme of the Convex half Moone or semi-circuler Battell is a forme which our Schoolemaster in the rudiments Julius Casar did highly esteeme of it makes shew but of a few Souldiers in regard of the rotunditie of it yet being drawne out in Length it makes a very long Front it may be for the Landing of Souldiers in the enemies country or being secured in the Reere with Rivers Bogges Ditches or the like it hath beene accounted very prevalent to be opposed against an Armie of greater power It may be framed either with the shot outermost or innermost or lined If your battell be in forme of a Hearse then wheele them to the right and left about untill they have attained this forme of a Semicircle but if in a square then you must make use of those words of command plac'd in the Margent which will produce this Convex forme Having brought your Souldiers into this Semicircle you may face them all inwards the better to heare such speeches or orations as shall be by the Commander delivered unto them but for to receive a charge from the enemy you must face them outwards there must be certaine intervalls or distances betwixt each division for the shot to wheele off and march downe in The outmost Arch or first ranke of each division is to present and give fire those of the right Flanke wheeling off to the right and the left Flanke to the left placing themselves in the Reere of their owne divisions of Musquetiers still making good their Leaders ground the rest of the Rankes are to doe the same until they have all given fire Never the lesse if the enemies horse should bee too potent then let them give fire by division as is shewed before passing quite through their intervalls and placing themselves in the Reere of the Pikes every ranke is to make good his Leaders ground Thus also are the rest of the Musquitiers to give fire placing themselves in the concave part of the body as aforesaid following the Pikes which now makes good the Musquetiers ground the Pikes may eyther charge over hand or upon occasion at the foote drawing forth their Swords over their left arme and couching downe their heads by which meanes the Musquitiers may play over their shoulders for the first ranke having fired may kneele downe and charge againe and so the second ranke may give fire and kneele in like sort making ready againe and so all the rest untill the first ranke riseth up with the rest and give fire over againe So the skirmish may be continued the Pikes still opposing the Horse Pikes stand Musquetiers face to the reere and march until your are cleere of your body of Pikes Then face inwards and close your division then face to your Leader and double your Rankes For the reducement of this forme and to bring every Man to his place Let your shot either by firing or passing through be brought into the place they were in before they first gave fire then face the whole body to one of the flankes and march them untill they have evened their Rankes and straitned their Files this done then if all your Pikes be upon the right flanke wheele your right flanke into the midst if on the left flanke wheele Front and Reere into the left flanke This being preformed the Commander must passe to his proper file-Leaders and face the whole body to him and they will be in their first forme This way of firing by extraduction is also a firing in Front it is of singuler good use in a Strait or narrow passage where the wings and Reere may be secured from the fury of the Enemies Horse you must fill the mouth of the Passage with your Pikes and if the length of your Company be not sufficient to doe it then double your Rankes and your Pikes being charged Your Musquetiers being in the Reere are to march up into the Front and give fire as in the next place shal be demonstrated onely first by the way observe the words of directions placed in the Margent which produceth this forme The battel being ordred as a foresaid Let the first Ranke of Musquetiers which are those that followes next after the Pikes face to the right and march forth File-wise up close by the right flanke of Pikes untill he that is
least in danger crosse the Reere of Pikemen The words of command and direction you shall finde in the Margent which produceth this latter forme of firing the words of command being given to fire to the Reere and right Flanke The outermost File of Musquetiers presents to the right and the last Ranke of Musquetiers presents to the Reere and so both give fire the rest of the body in the meane time marching a reasonable pace The right hand File on the right Flanke and the last Ranke of the Musquetiers in the Reere of the Pikes having fired the File facech to the left after their File Leader and so marcheth up betweene the Musquetiers of the same division and the Pikes the Rankes also wheeling off to the right and placing it selfe next after the Reere of Pikes and if you please you may make an Intervall or space betweene the Musquetiers in the Reere that so one part may wheele off to the right on the outside the other part wheele off to the right and march up betweene the Intervalls into their places The first File file upon the Flanke and the first Ranke in the Reere that presented having given fire and wheeled cleare of the body the next File and ranke is to present and give fire after the same manner wheeling off and taking their places as aforesaid and so successively the rest both Files and Rankes gives fire observing the same order and having given fire once twice or oftner over they are still reduced to the same they were before the firing began then draw your shot from the Reere to the left Flanke againe and they will be in their first forme and station Musquetiers give fire to both Flankes marching up betweene the Pikes and your owne divisions This kinde of firing to both Flankes marching may be upon some occasions serviceable and the shot after they have given fire may be eyther placed betweene their owne divisions and the Pikes or betweene the midst of the Pikes for their better securitie the shot being placed upon both the Flankes of the Pikes as we left them in the former discourse you must make use of the words of command and direction which is placed in the Margent which will produce this forme of firing The command being given the outmost file of each Flanke presents outward the rest of the body still continuing of the march the presented Files in the interim giving fire then facing after their proper File-Leaders who are to leade them up betweene the Musquetiers of their owne divisions and the Pikes in the time of their wheeling away the next two outermost Files are to present firing after the same manner and leading up as before the rest successively doing the like untill they have fired all over which brings them to their former places Advance your Pikes and stand face to the right and left Musquetiers give fire and Flanke your Pikes This kinde of firing to both Flankes upon a stand is produced by the words of command and directions placed in the Margent onely observe the Musquetiers are placed upon both Flankes of the body of Pikes as you left them in the precedent discourse The words of command being given the whole body both of Pikes and Shot are to face to the right and left hand and then the formost Rankes of Musquetiers which before the facing were the outermost Files are to present and give fire and then wheele off by division Ranking even with the formost Rankes of Pikes and leaving sufficient Intervalls for the rest of the Musquetiers to march betweene them and the Pikes The next Ranke presenting and firing after the same manner but not advancing forwards onely firing upon the same ground and wheeling off by division afterwards passing downe betweene the Intervalls and so ranking after their Leaders but you must observe by the way that they that were outermost when they gave fire are likewise to be so when they have taken their places All the Rankes of Musquetiers having fired and wheeled off as before the Pikes if neede be may charge and the Musquetiers giving fire over againe wheeling off outwards and placing themselves in the Reere of their owne divisious Having advanced your Pikes and faced your body to their first Front all your Musquetiers will be in Front and Reere and then if your halfe Files about and give fire after the same manner formerly discoursed of to the Front and Reere having faced them againe to their first Front they will be reduced as at first into their ordinary square CHAP. XCIIII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in a Triple way of giving fire to the Front BY this triple firing to the Front the precedent forme of firing to both Flankes standing may be reduced for the Musquetiers of the Reere division opening to the right and left and sleeving upon the Flankes of the Pikes untill the Leaders of the Reere division who then were the halfe File-Leaders ranke even with the Front of Pikes and those in the front division are placed before the Pikes in the Front securely covering them from the enemy The word of command and directions that produceth this forme of firing is placed in the Margent Musquetiers of the Reere double your Front of Pikes by division The one halfe of the shot being placed before the front of the Pikes and the other halfe placed upon eyther flanke even with the first Ranke of Pikes and the word of command being given then the first Ranke of Musquetiers both of front and flankes presents to the front and gives fire wheeling off to the right and left by division The Musquetiers of the front division being wheeled off as aforesaid close by the flankes of their owne Musquetiers passe directly downe betweene the Intervals and place themselves even in Ranke behind the Musquetiers of the Reere division which are upon the flanks like wise the Musqueters that fired at the same time on the flankes wheele also off the right flanke to the right the left flanke to the left marching directly downe even with the reere Rankes of the Pikes and there place themselves againe even in ranke with the last ranke of Pikes this done the rest of the rankes successively give fire and doe the like every ranke taking his place after the ranke that fired last before them the other Rankes mooving one ranke forwarder the Musquetiers having given fire once over and falling off according to this direction they will all be reduced to the Flanke againe as at first View the figure in the next page The Figure of the Triple firing to the Front Front Serjeant Serjeant Serjeant Serjeant CHAP. XCV How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire three wayes at once viz. to the Front Reere and right Flanke IN performing this firing three wayes at once first you may suppose the Musquetiers to be placed upon eyther Flanke of the Pikes then by commanding the halfe Rankes of the left to double
their right Flanke by division then the Reere halfe Files of the left Flanke are to face about to the right and then both the Front halfe Files and the Reere halfe Files are to march forthright untill they are cleere of that part of the body that stands then each division faceth that way they are to double which the Front halfe Files must doe to the right and the Reere halfe Files to the left and so march forth right untill the doubling be performed then the Reere division that doubled is to face to the Reere and the Front division is to face front proper and the right flanke that stood is to face to the right hand whereby they are fast ready to give fire three severall wayes at once the manner of firing is thus performed the formost Rankes of Musquetiers on each part having fired they wheele off to the right or to the right and left according as they shall bee commanded placing themselves in the Reere of their owne divisions the next Ranke in the meane time moving forwards into their Leaders ground there in like manner firing wheeling off and placing themselves as before the rest of the rankes performing the like successively for reducement face them all to their Front proper then command the halfe rankes that doubled to face to the left and so to march into their places the figure of this precedent discourse followeth in the next Page Front proper Serjeant Serjeant Front of the right Flanke Serjeant Front of the Reere There are divers other wayes of firings which I am forced to omit desiring you to turne into the excellent book of Millitary discipline composed by Lievetenant Barriff wherein you may be further instructed and see the Poligons or Figures belonging to most of these instructions which I have briefely discoursed of wishing you by all meanes not to omit any of them in your exercises if time and patience may give you leave and if you should passe by any let them be onely your divisionall Motions as for your intire motions eyther of doublings Counter-marches or wheelings c. you must be very circumspect and carefull to performe them all otherwise all your paines will be to no purpose Now for the marching out of the field your Company standing in a square forme viz. the shot upon each flanke of the Pikes the Lievetenant leads away the first division of shot with a Serjeant attending him the Drumme beating betweene the third and fourth ranke of the same division of shot the Ensigne is to march before the first division of Pikes following a pritty distance behind the first division of shot with the Drum placed as before The eldest Serjeant is to march before the second division of Pikes The second Serjeant marcheth before the last division of shot with the Captaine in the Reere of all and being marcht to the place where the Colours should be lodged let them as they march invert to the right and left viz. the rankes are to file to the right and left by division then all the Musquetiers are to face in opposition to cocke their matches guard their Pans and rest their Musquets the Pikemen in the meane time are to advance their Pikes and close their Rankes and Files to their order which being done the Drum beating a Troope at the head of the Pikes All the chiefe Officers in their due places are to passe through this guard into the appointed place for the Allodgement of the colours then the Serjeant is to cause all the Musquetiers to face about to the right and present and upon the first beate of the Drum they are all to give fire in one volley then the Drum beating a call and makes proclamation of silence the captaine is to deliver them such orders as he hath in charge to acquaint them with all eyther from the Lord Lievetenants or the Counsell which being done he is to dismisse them untill the next summons for their appearance In the next discourse I shall intreate about the exercising of Horse-Troopes and so make a generall discourse of all the parts belonging to the body of Warre THE DRILLING OR EXERCISING OF HORSE TROOPES SECT XII CHAP. XCVI Of the preheminency and dignitie of Officers for the avoiding of disputes with a short Declaration of the high Office of the Generall of the Horse HAving finished those instructions concerning the exercising of foote Companies by which meanes they may be fitted and prepared for Service And before we can come to intreate either of Marching Incamping or Imbattelling It is necessary wee should shew some briefe instructions for the Drilling and exercising of Horse troopes in regard no Army can be compleate in power and strength for the exercising of such things of Importance as the cause may require unlesse compounded of Foote and Horse otherwise it must of necessity hault and make use of the stilt of some peculiar place for advantage and safetie and not to looke the Enemy in the face in all places And in regard divers Nations are diversly opinionated some esteeming the Infantrie better than the Caualliary as our English hath done others esteeme the Cavalliarie better than the Infantry as the French yet according to the nature and situation of the country or place the Army is to be imployed in whether Inclosures or Champion accordingly it must be compounded of more or lesse of th' one or th' other But for the avoiding of disputes which may arise amongst the Officers of either part for place of preheminencie and dignitie you shall finde by this Aphorisme amplified with the authority of the Ancient Sages that in profession either Civill or Millitary those are more honourable which have greater charge or require greater knowledge as to rule a State is more noble than to governe a Cittie and this more eminent than to order a Family In which respect though the true end of Horse and foote be one and the same to defend aright and redresse a wrong and per case that of foote be generally more usefull yet this of Horse is the more honorable Service because his vertue and knowledge is exercised as well in Managing and defending of his Horse as of himselfe upon whose safegarde his life and honour depends as well as in immediate defence of his owne person thus much for the dignity of place As for the Officers of the Cauallrie I wil onely with all brevitie touch such things for instruction as are most naturall in every particular Office and then transferre them to the taking of a practicall Surveigh of what is commended to the Generall of the Army and to the rest of the Officers of the Infantrie for if it were possible there ought to be no difference in experience Wisedome and Valour amongst all Officers if they could attaine unto it The Generall of the Horse hath the eminent controule and commande of all the Cavalrie or Horse Regiments of what nature or composition whatsoever
are best horst or those that are nimblest of foote so that they may the safer retire upon all occasions moreover they must not stay over long behind the Army but so as they may soone recover it for otherwise they will be cut off by the enemy If a retreat be wisely carried the enemy that shall follow may receive more dammage then they that retreat But on the contrary side if you perceive the enemy doth provide to steale from you it is wisedome to anticipate such passages as they must passe thorow sending secretly certaine troopes to fortifie at the entrance of them likewise to barricado up the way with trees and to have your Army alwayes in a readinesse to set out after them following them at the heeles but in this case the Army must keepe a very strict order in their Battallia's and march up close together commanding your horse to charge the enemy in the Reare which will bee a meanes to stay the hindermost part of the Army and then the Vantguard of your enemies Army being come to the passages that are blockt up it will so discourage the enemy that your Army marching up to them in Battell aray they will bee easily overthrowne as there hath beene divers examples to verifie this The lightest Ordnance are the best to pursue the enemy withall for which purpose Grave Maurice the Prince Van Nasaw had fifty or sixty small field peeces cast which hee used to place between his Battallions which were of great service in the time of fight for two or three men could weild one of them as they pleased both in advancing it forwards and drawing backe as occasion served and it were very fit and of excellent use to have such small peeces cast here in England for his Majesties service which may bee imployed many waies I have observed the Hollanders how they made use of these small Ordnances to place them in little vessels which they provided to safeguard their great rivers as the river Issel and the Rhine one of these had thirty or forty souldiers to man her and eight or tenne of these peeces whereby they prevented the enemy from marching over the said rivers likewise they were safeguards to the Army when they were convayed by Boates up those rivers or when they lay intrencht neere any great river they safeguarded the Reare of the qnarters from treachery also they safe conducted such Boates as brought Victuals and Ammunition to the Army If occasion should bee in our land which God forbid it should be they could not doe us lesse service than by experience they have done them besides such small vessels being made for service were of more worth to offend an enemy that should dare saile up in any of our great rivers than the greatest Ship of burden for it were impossible for our great Ships to make a fight in the river Thames but they will be more ready to hurt themselves than the enemy whereas these small vessels will lye under the shot and glide up and downe by the great vessels sides and gall them In the next place it remaines how an Army should March neere an enemies Battery to secure themselves from the shot in this you must observe the situation of their Batteries how they are flancked by which you may come to perceive in what direct liâ—e eâ—ch peece of Ordnance shall make her true shot and so accordingly either to open the files and ranckes for the passage of the shot or else to fetch a circumference in your March so as the shot shall not touch the files but only a ranke but the securest way is to March secretly by the most obscurest places so as the Ordnance may not discover you Lastly for conclusion if the enemy should assault your troopes in in some narrow passages or high wayes you are to demeane your selfe as followeth First you are to fill the passage or high way with your pikes if the breadth of your troopes be not sufficient to performe it then double your rancks whereby the Wings will extend themselves to the filling up of the passage these then charging your enemies hande or foote your Musketiers being in the Reare the Battell being thus ordered let the first ranke of Musketiers which are those next the pikes face to the right hand and march forth file-wise close up by the right flanke of the pikes untill he that is leader of the said file be even with the Front of the Pikes then he is to face to the right hand and lead them quite crosse the Front of the Pikes untill he hath attained the further part of the Front to the left hand which being performed they are to make a stand and couch under the Pikes and give fire upon their knees so as the Pikes may not be hindred to charge then are they to march downe by the left flancke and place themselves in the Reare of the shot and the next files in order are to advance into the Front after the same manner and performe the same service by this meanes continuall fire shall be given upon the enemy whilst this skirmish is in action Let there be drawne out certaine Pikes and Musketiers into the best inclosed fields either on one or both sides of the way where they may secure themselves from the enemies horse and there charge the enemy on the flancks or at least keepe them from charging your owne troopes that are in skirmish to maintaine the passage view the figure following in the next page The figure of the Battell Front Left flancke Right flanke Reare In this figure the Character p shewes how the Pikes are plac't their Fronts being doubled the other represents the Musketiers as you may perceive them marching up the right flancke and so plac't under the Pikes in the Front ready to give fire upon the enemy you may likewise perceive certaine shot drawne out into two closes upon each side of the high way whose duty is to give fire upon the enemies flancks as they are charching the Front of the Battell or if the enemy should draw out any forces to charge your Flancks then these shot having Pikes to joyne with them shall be able to encounter with them and prevent them Thus I hope I have collected sufficient instructions which may give any reasonable man satisfaction concerning the ordering of their March only if you please I will referre you to divers Modernâ— Authors which have write of this subject viz. Ierosme Cattamo pag. 133. Machiavill pag. 67. Bellay pag. 151. Barrit pag. 132. Edmonds pag. 39. Garrits Arte of Warre pag. 245. In the next place we are to discourse of the incamping of an Army and how to order the Guards and the Intrenchments Thus ends the sixteenth Section RVLES TO BE OBSERVED IN QVARTERING OR INCAMPING AN ARMY SECT XVII CHAP. IIII. How a Generall is to quarter his Army with the election of places of greatest security what Redoubts are to be raised
in a Company and not to be suffered some to be 200. and some 300. and some 150. which if it must needs bee so and may not bee altered then I could wish all Companies to be only of the extent of 200. and 80. of them to bee Pikemen and 120. Musketires The rowes of lesse squares marked on each side of the figure with the letter B. are the Hutes for the Souldiers to lie in between the Front of which and the Colonels ground you see a large void space or distance which is twenty foot wide marked at each end the use of it is for the drawing up of the Companies or for the Officers to walk in and for the Souldiers to speak with them there this space is marked in the figure with C. Right under the Colonels Hute you see another void space as wide as the Colonels Hute is and as long as all the Quarter of the common Souldiers marked with D. the use of it is for the Officers of the Regiment commonly called the Officers of the Staffe as the Provost-Marshall the Quarter-Masters of the Regiment and the like Of the Quarters of the common Souldiers on either side of this long void space these bee the proportions All the little squares bee Hutes or Cabbins in the longer rowes marked with the letter M. on the first Hutes are the Musketires lodged and in the other rowes marked with P. are the Pikemen lodged one row of Musketires and one row of Pikes makes up one complete Bond or Company of 126. men In the Musketires row are twenty four Hutes and in the Pikemens but eighteen the reason is because the King by his orders commands that every complete Company should have three Corporalships of Musketires foure Files or Rots as the Swedes terme them make a Corporalship of Musketires but of Pikemen three Files or Rots make a Corporalship so that twelve Files of Musketires and nine Files of Pikes viz. twenty one Files firemen in depth in each File is a complete Band of 126. men besides the Officers and Serjeants When his Companies were weak then hee would have but two Corporalships of Musketires and the remainder to be Pikes Each of these Hutes are nine foorsquare viz. three yards every way and whereas one row of Musketires and one row of Pikes belongs to one Company these therefore neerer set together than the row of Pikes belonging to severall Companies are for the Pikes and Musketires of the same Company are parted with a street but six foot wide whereas betwixt the Pikes of severall Companies is a street of eighteen foot wide and betwixt the Musketires of severall Companies a street of twelve foot wide and so you see the severall proportions marked The length of the row of Pikes is but 162. foot as you see it marked betwixt the two first rowes of their Hutes The length of the Musketires row is 216. foot as is marked in the margent the distance of breadth being observed they amount to 360. foot or 72. paces so broad is the whole Quarter for one intire Regiment Below all this in the Rear or lower end of the Quarter you have a voyd space 14. foot of ground running all the breadth of the Quarter serving for the freedome of Ayr this is marked with E. Last of all you may behold another lowance of ground marked with the letter F. which is for the Sutlers Chap-men Butchers c. of the Regiment Add now the distances of length together and they come to 300. foot which is the length of the whole Quarter for one intire Regiment Now rests the chief point of discipline in the number and order of the placing of the Hutes and the men in them Concerning the number there be three men to be lodged in one Hute as well Pikes as Musketires so that in 24. Hutes of Musketires of one Company there bee 72. men and in the 18. Hutes of Pike-men of one Company there be but 54. men which number added together amounteth to 126. which is a complete Band. These 72. Musketires are again divided into three Corporalships and the 54. Pike-men also into three Corporalships Four Files or Rots of Musketires goe to one Corporalship and of Pike-men but three Files or Rots to a Corporalship So that 24. Musketires goe to one Corporalship and of Pikes 18. according to the number of either of their Cabbins Furthermore their order being to march six deep in File therefore in every two Hutes there is one Rot or File lodged which presently know how to put themselves in order Thus hath every Corporall of Musketires eight Hutes to look unto and every Corporall of Pikes six Hutes under him This certainty and disposing of the numbers serveth much for private government this order of quartering they are opinionated is prevalent for the ready resisting of the enemy Whereas you see two rows of Pikes and two rows of Musketires still together with their Cabbin doors inward one to another this is the use of it Suppose the enemy in the night falleth upon the Quarters the Alarme being taken and given by those of the outmost Guards out slips the two rows of Pikes into the street or alley betwixt them and presently marching out betwixt the Captains Hutes they are instantly in a fair order of Battell The Pikes being gone then the two next rows of Musketires joyning together march also out upon both sides of the Pikes where they are ready instantly to flank them Thus one Squadron or halfe-Regiment issuing out upon one side of their Colonels Tent and the other halfe on the other presently they draw themselves in complete Battalia and find their Colonels and Captains in the head of the Quarter ready to conduct them to the Brest-work thus so soon as the Alarm is given in from the outer Guards the Souldiers will bee ready to entertain their assault every man before his own Quarter upon which the enemy falleth before he can possibly march hee never so fast come neer to doe any execution If you desire to heare how in that huddle of darknesse they can possibly find their weapons know that by the order of their standing every man can at first comming most readily clap his hands upon his owne To instance in the Pikes for example The place where they all stand together is upon a thing made after the fashion of a paire of Gallowes at the head of the Quarter the upper overthwart beam is for the Pikes to stay against then there is another beam lower for to hang the Corslets upon and to lean the Muskets against this is to have a defence over it to defend the wet Now when any service or exercise is done abroad hee that lyeth in the Rear of the Quarter by comming in first setteth down his Armes inmost and he that commeth in last leaveth his outmost which when hee again goeth first out hee findeth his formost and when the last man commeth he findeth his own left every man
belonging unto our service he shall answer to the complaint before the Court. 28. In like manner if any inferiour Officer either of horse or foote does challenge any common souldier to be guilty of any dishonest action the souldier finding himselfe guiltlesse may lawfully call the said Officer to make proofe of his words before the Court as his equall 29. If any souldier either of horse or foote shall offer to strike his officer that shall command him any duty for our service he shall first lose his hand and be then turned out of the Quarter And if it be done in any Fort or place beleagured after the watch is set he shall lose his life for it 30. And if he doth hurt to any of them whether it be in the field or not he shall be shot to death 31. If any such thing falls out within the compasse of the Leaguer or the place of Garrison in any of the souldiers lodgings where many of them meete together the matter shall be inquired into by the Officers of the Regiment that the beginner of the fray may be punished according to desert 32. He who in the presence of our Generall shall draw his sword with purpose to doe mischiefe with it shall lose his hand for it 33. He who shall in anger draw his sword while his Colours are flying either in Battell or upon the March shall be shot to death if it be done in any strength or fortifyed place he shall lose his hand and be turned out of the Quarter 34. He who shall presume to draw his sword upon the place where any Court of Iustice is holden while it is holden shall lose his life for it 35. He that drawes his sword in any strength or Fort to doe mischiefe therewith after the watch is set shall lose his life for it 36. No man shall hinder the Provost Marshall Generall his Lieftenant or servants when they are to execute any thing that is for our service who does the contrary shall lose his life 37. Leave is given unto the Provost Marshall Generall to apprehend all whatsoever that offends against these our Articles of Warre All other offenders he may likewise apprehend by his owne authority 38. If the Provost Marshall Generall shall apprehend any man by his owne authority he may keepe him either in prison or in irons but by no meanes doe execution upon him after the Court of Warre is ended without first giving the Generall notice thereof 39. The Provost Marshals of every Regiment have also the same priviledge under their owne Regiment and Company that the Provost Marshall Generall hath in the Leaguer 40. Every Serjeant Major commanding in the whole Leaguer what appertaines to his Office shall be obeyed by every man with his best endeavour 41. Whatsoever is to be published or generally made knowne shall be proclaimed by sound of Drumme and Trumpet that no man may pretend ignorance in it they who after that shall be found disobedient shall be punished according to the quality of the fact 42. No souldier shall thinke himselfe to good to worke upon any peece of Fortification or other place where they shall be commanded for our service upon paine of punishment 43. Whosoever shall do his Majesties businesse slightly or lazily shall first ride the wooden horse and lie in prison after that with bread and water according as the fact shall bee adjudged more or lesse hainous 44. All Officers shall diligently see that the souldiers plye their worke when they are commanded so to doe he that neglects his duty therein shall be punished according to the discretion of the Court. 45. All souldiers ought diligently to honour and obey their Officers and especially being by them commanded upon service but if at any time they can on the contrary discover that they are commanded upon a service which is to our prejudice any manner of way then shall that souldier not obey him what charge soever he receives from him but is presently to give notice of it 46. No Colonell nor Captaine shall command his souldiers to doe any unlawfull thing which who so does shall be punished according to the discretion of the Judges Also if any Colonell or Captaine or other Officer whatsoever shall by rigour take any thing away from any common souldier he shall answer for it before the Court. 47. No man shall goe any other way in any Leaguer wheresoever but the same common way laid out for every man upon paine of punishment 48. No man shall presume to make any Alarme in the quarter or to shoot of his Musket in the night time upon paine of death 49. He that when warning is given for the setting of the watch by sound of Drumme Fife or Trumpet shall wilfully absent himselfe without some lawfull excuse shall be punisht with the wooden horse and be put to bread and water or other pennance as the matter is of importance 50. He that is taken a sleepe upon the watch either in any strength trench or the like shall be shot to death 51. He that comes of his watch where he is commanded to keepe his Guard or drinkes himselfe drunke upon his watch or place of Sentinell shall be shot to death 52. He that at the sound of Drumme or Trumpet repaires not to his Colours shall be clapt in irons 53. When any march is to be made every man that is sworne shall follow his Colours who ever presumes without leave to stay behind shall be punished 54. And if it be upon mutiny that they doe it be they many or be they few they shall die for it 55. Who ever runnes from his Colours be he Native or Forreiner and does not defend them to the uttermost of his power so long as they be in danger shall suffer death for it 56. He that runnes from his Colours in the field shall dye for it and if any of his Comrades kill him in the meane time he shall be free 57. Every man is to keep his own ranck and file upon the march and not to put others from their orders nor shall any man cast himselfe behind or set himselfe upon any waggon or horse-back the offenders to be punished according to the time and place 58. Whatever Regiment shall first charge the enemy and retire afterwards from them before they come to dint of sword with them shall answer it before our highest Marshals Court 59. And if the thing be occasioned by any Officer he shall be publikely disgraced for it and then turned out of the Leaguer 60. But if both Officers and Souldiers bee found faulty alike then shall the Officers be punished as aforesaid If it bee in the Souldiers alone then shall every tenth man be hanged the rest shall bee condemned to carry all the filth out of the Leaguer untill such time as they performe some exploit that is worthy to procure their pardon after which time they shall bee cleer of their former disgrace But if at
or Wings and those Troops of the Forlorn Hope that have given fire are to retrait betwixt the Wings of the Battell and the Troops of Horse that are plac'd along by the Wings So maintaining alwaies the Flanks furnished by this means they may maintain skirmish continually with fresh men and the Battell never the lesse impaled But after the enemies Battell begins to approach neer your own forces then the Forlorn Hope must withdraw themselves and the formost Battell must bear the brunt The six field-Peeces placed amongst the Shot after they have done their service are to be drawn back into the space betwixt the two Battalia's or may be drawn into the Wings and there may be guarded with those Troops of Shot where they may performe excellent Service But if the first main Battell should miscarry in the first encounter so that their Battalia's be broken by the enemy yet there are ample spaces betwixt the Battalia's of the second Battell to retrait into and there to make head and freshly to re-charge the enemy again betwixt each Battalia in the Rear there must retrait two Battalia's of the Front and upon each Flank one The Troops of Horse are thus disposed upon each side there are an hundred Horse to guard the Ordnance which with the assistance of the Pikes and Shot they are to secure themselves Now there remains five thousand and eight hundred Horse which are to bee divided into severall Battalia's upon each Wing are to bee placed two thousand and nine hundred and they are again to be divided into three Battalia's at the least View the Figure following being the eleventh Figure CHAP. XXIII The twelfth forme of imbattelling an Armie consisting of 12000 Foot and 3000 Horse partly imitating Monsieur Bellay in his militarie Discipline Pag. 75. THis forme of imbattelling which followeth in this Discourse was chiefly invented to deceive the enemy for whereas it seemeth of narrow Front at the first view yet the formost Battell being retraited within the second Battell and the Impalements upon each Flank with the Forlorn Hopes being doubled one Rank into another makes the Front of a farre larger extent so that the enemy having framed his Battell answerable as he may suppose to encounter with this forme hee shall find it otherwise for this Battell will over-Wing his and the Forlorn Hope being strengthned with Shot and fortified with a competencie of Pikes will soon hemm in the enemies Battalia's on the Flanks before they bee aware of it which by the help of those Troops of Curassiers and seconded by the Carbines will endanger to rout them The order observed in Marshalling this Battell is in this manner first there is on each Wing before the Front of the main Battell two Battalia's of Horse each consisting of 252 which makes forty two Files being ranged six deep so that in the four Battels are contained 1008 Horse The next is the main Battell of Foot consisting of five Divisions which hath in each five hundred and ten Pikes and Shot in all the five Battalia's are contained 2550 men The distance betwixt each Battalia or Division is 5 paces in breadth and they have 51 in Rank or Brest and 10 deep in File the breadth of the whole Front from side to side of either impalement the distances being added betwixt each Division is 1560 paces broad Next are three Battalia's plac'd 25 paces behind the first main Battell these have contained in each of them 510 as the former had so that the three Battalia's have 1530 souldiers in them You may delude the enemy in making him beleeve your Forces are more than they are by causing your second Battalia's to open their Files to their open order and then they will seem as many men in the second Battell as is in the first The Rear-Battel is likewise ordered 25 paces behind the second Battell and that consists only of 2 Battalia's and are plac'd upon the Flank as by the Figure you may see having a broad space to receive the two former Battels if they should be constrained to retrait these two last consist of 1020 viz 510 souldiers in each these two Rear-Battels may open their Files to their double distance to make them seem farre more than they are but when they are ready to charge the enemy they must fall into their order of three foot The Impalements of each Flank of the Battell marked with the figures of 1 and 2 consist of 5 in Brest 153 in depth so that each Wing of Impalement hath 665 Pikes Likewise by the outside of the Pikes are the same quantity of Muskets ordered 5 in Brest and 153 in depth which amounts likewise to 665 Shot it is marked with the figure 2. This Division of Shot is to be plac'd 5 paces from the Pikes they must likewise open their Files very wide that they may seem to equall the Front of the Battell these must double one within another as the main Battell shall retrait Next this impalement the Forlorn Hope is plac'd along by the side of it marked with the figures 3 and 4 and these are to consist of Shot and Pikes as the figures 1 2 did and first the Shot hath 8 in Rank and 153 in depth so that each Wing takes up 1224 Shot the Pikes you are to suppose are ranked next the Shot the outside 5 paces from the Shot they are 5 in Front or Brest and 153 in depth which amounts to in each 665 these are to dilate their Files as the former Beyond the Forlorn Hope are plac'd 700 Curassiers ten paces from the former as you may see at the figure 5. These are to order themselves in convenient Troops down by the â—lanks of the former And 5 paces beyond these Curassiers are 300 Carbines which must orderly range themselves in convenient Troops as at the figure 6. In the Rear are foure strong Redouts well Pallizado'd with field-Peeces in them in each severall Redout there are one hundred and fiftie souldiers The Shot belonging to the main Battell are placed before the Pikes to shelter them and to hide the Ordnance amongst them When the enemy are within distance then those Files of Shot which stand before the Ordnance are to divide themselves upon either hand so that the Ordnance may suddenly give a volley upon the enemies Troops and when they have done their best they are to be drawn into the Rear of the Battell View the Figure following CHAP. XXIIII A forme of imbattelling containing 15000 Foot and 2000 Horse with twenty field-Peeces the Pikes girdled with two Ranks of Musketires round about the residue of the Shot are ordered in 188 Maniples IN this forme of imbattelling you may perceive the Pikes to be drawn into twentie four Divisions each Division or Battalia containing three hundred souldiers with convenient distances betwixt them They are first impaled or girdled round under the Pikes with one hundred and eighty Shot which makes two Ranks these are to give fire
18250 1095 6 6570 1098 1830 10 18300 1098 6 6588 1101 1835 10 18350 1101 6 6606 1104 184â— 10 18400 1104 6 6624 1107 1845 10 18450 1107 6 6642 1110 1850 10 18500 1110 6 6660 1113 1855 10 18550 1113 6 6678 1116 1860 10 18600 1116 6 6696 1119 1865 10 18650 1119 6 6714 1122 1870 10 18700 1122 6 6732 1125 1875 10 18750 1125 6 6750 1128 1880 10 18800 1128 6 6768 1131 1885 10 18850 1131 6 6786 1134 1890 10 18900 1134 6 6804 1137 1895 10 18950 1137 6 6822 1140 1900 10 19000 1140 6 6840 1143 1905 10 19050 1143 6 6858 1146 1910 10 19100 1146 6 6876 1149 1915 10 19150 1149 6 6894 1152 1920 10 19200 â—152 6 69â—2 1155 1925 10 19250 1155 6 â—â—30 1158 1930 1â— 1930â— 1158 6 6948 1161 1935 10 19350 1161 6 69â—6 1164 1940 10 19400 1164 6 6984 1167 1945 10 19450 1167 6 7002 1170 1950 10 19500 1170 6 7020 1173 1955 10 1955â— â—173 6 7038 1176 1960 10 19â—â—â— 1176 6 7056 1179 1905 10 1905â— 1179 6 7074 1182 1970 10 19700 1â—82 6 7092 1185 1975 10 19750 1185 6 7110 1188 1980 10 19800 â—188 6 â—â—28 1191 1985 10 19850 1191 6 71â—6 1194 1990 10 19900 1194 6 â—â—64 1197 1995 10 19950 1â—â—7 6 7182 1200 2000 10 20000 120â— 6 7200 2400 4000 10 40000 2400 6 14400 3000 5000 10 50000 â—â—00 6 18000 4000 6667 10 66670 4â—â—0 6 24000 5000 8333 10 83330 5000 6 30000 The use of the precedent Table described THis precedent Table is divided into seven Columes each Colume having its proper use set above it In the first Colume towards the left hand you shall find the number of paces Geometricall vizâ— foot to each pace placed In the second Colume you shall find the just number of men which those paces may contain in Brest or Rank â—â—cording as the first Colume shall point to you viz. each man taking up three foot for his particular station In the third Colume you shall find our ordinary way of placing our men 10 deep in File fit for skirmish The fourth Colume points to you the whole number of men being ordered 10 deep in File The fifth Colume shews how many Horses may bee plac'd upon so many paces of ground as the Colume of paces demonstrates viz. each Horse takes up five foot for his station in Rank The sixth Colume shews the manner of placing of them six deep in File The seventh Colume shews the just number of Horse being ordered six deep in File As for example You have paced out 1002 Geometricall paces which is 2004 of your ordinarie going paces taking but two foot and an halfe to each step Now if you would know how many men these forenamed paces may contain in Rank you must first enter the Table and in the first Colume of the last Table-Page right under the superscription of Paces Geometricall you shall find 1002 and just against it in the second Colume towards your right hand you shall find that 1670 men may be plac'd in Rank or Brest and in the next Colume being the third you shall find they are plac'd 10 deep in File then casting but your eye into the fourth Colume you shall find the whole number of them to be 16700 men Likewise if you would know how many Horses may be plac'd in Brest or Rank upon the fore-named quantitie of paces by casting your eye into the fifth Colume you shall find 1002 Horses and if they be ordered six deep in File then look into the seventh Colume and you shall find the whole number to bee 6012 Horses after the same manner you may find out any other number If you intend to order your Horse but five deep in File then to know how many bee of the whole number you must multiply the number in the fifth Colume by 5 and the product is the whole number After the same manner if you intend to impale the Flanks or Rear of your Battell after you know the number of paces as for example Suppose it to be 801 paces enter the Colume of paces and you shall find that 801 paces must have 1335 men to make one Rank for the Impalement now if you would have seven Ranks then you must multiply 1335 by 7 and the product will be 9345 the just whole number that the Impalement will take up being it consists of seven Ranks The reason why I have set down the paces Geometricall in the first Colume after a progressionall way one number exceeding another by three is because it fits even with the quantitie of feet each Foot-man and Horse-man occupyeth for his proper station in Rank or Brest otherwise there would be odd feet as in 2 paces which consists of 10 feet there can bee but 3 Foot-men plac'd who must take up but 9 feet so that there is an odd foot remaining which would put all out of order But in 3 paces there is 15 feet contained wherein may be 5 men plac'd Also in 3 paâ—es there must be even 3 Horses plac'd for a Horse taketh up in Brest or Rank an 〈◊〉 pace containing 5 feet Vale. FINIS God wins Rom. Ant. * Pedro Mexia in Lodoâ—â—â— Bavaro how by the death of Constructio the Emperour the designe against Florence was lost Paulus Emil. in Carolo by a schisme betweene Vrbat and Clement the Armie was ruined Sigon de regno Itallico Anno 896. how Rome was surprised by Arâ—ulphus the Emperour through a sudden fear Paulus Emâ—l in Phâ—lipo secundo Nauclerus in Croâ— the Christians overthrew the Soldan through a sudden feare Osorius in lib. 7. cap. 36. divers Battells lost by divers accidents Guic. lib. 5. the French were overthrowne by a word mistaken Titus Livius in dec 3. lib. 2. dâ—c 4. lib 7. Pedro Mexia in vita Imp. Adolph Guic in lib. 8. what victories hath beene lost by Sun wind and raine c. Esay 42. 13. Psal. 18. 34. Ezek. 33. Ver. 3 4 5. Pax Dei Col. 3. 13. 2. Kings 19. 37. Ester 1. 1. Chroriâ—â—r Carionis Lib. 2. 〈…〉 Centum millia peditum deâ—â—m millia equituÌ„ Carâ—on Lib. 2. Sexcenta millia Iustin. Lib 2. Iustin. Lib. 2. Chron. Cario Lib. 2. Iustin. Lib. â— Dan. 11. 2. â—â—ren Carionis Lib. 2. Iustin. Lih. 9. Plut. invita Alexquando omnes opes suas inter 〈◊〉 distribuâ—ssâ—t hic peâ—dâ—â— dicent◠〈◊〉 Rex reliquam erit spes sâ—la respondit In omni praelio non taâ—◠〈◊〉 et virâ—â—â—â—docta quam ars excrâ—â—tum solent traeslare victorum vegetius Lib. 1. 〈◊〉 â—acilius reâ—â—â—â—tur quâ—m expellantur 〈◊〉 Plut. in vita Alexand. Iustin 400000. Plutarch in vita Alexander decies centena militum millia Iosephus Lib. 11. Ant. Iud. cap. 8. Iustin. Lib. 11. Ab hoc enim quis non â—â—â—it 〈…〉 Chron. Carionis Et sia multitudine victus gloria tamen omnes vicit Chronicon Carionis Iustin. Lib. 12. Sibi Regem â—orum privatum â—â—stem
wresty Horse goe forwards How to make a shie horse gentle How to make a horse hardy and bold in the warres By trotting the Ring you may embolden your Horse The Dragoones are the fittest to give the on set because they doe their execution at a further distance The Firelocke is â—â—rest to give fire and not so apt to be out of 〈◊〉 besides they will indure Spâ—nd 24. houres together without â—urting them Description of a Ranke Description of a File Twentie in length That the Troope may move orderly and keepe their distances truely let the whole Troope move all at an instant viz. when the Front moves then the Reare to be ready so shall they bee seldome found to erre In Marching or Trooping through a Towne forget not to have your Peeces spand and holding them in your hand with their mouthes upwards and the butt end resting upon your thigh The Figure of the foure Divisions drawne into Battallia The distinctions of the sounds of Trumpet described The proportion of powder usually required for a true charge of any peece is almost halfe the weight in powder of the bullet Some will not have a Cuirassiere to give fire untill he hath plac't his Pistoll under his enemies armour You may place the Pumâ—ell of your Sword upon your right thigh and directing it with your right hand to the place you intend to hit viz. the belly or arme pits or his throat They must be taught to be excellent marks-men for the manner of handling them the directions of the Pistoll may serve for instruction Edmunds observation upon Câ—sars Com. In those Kingdomes that are fortified with strong Garrison Townes there shall neede no such armâ— for those townes are ready to performe the same Office that this Armie should doe * The forme of their standing in Battalia ready for exercise To cause them to face to the right hand is performed by commanding * To the right hand This motion is performed by turning all at once and the same time to the right hand Thus the Front is where the right Flanke was To reduce them to their first forme the word of command is This is performed by turning to the left hand from thence to face them to the left you command This is performed by turning towards the left from hence they are to be reduced by commanding Which they doe by turning to the right Now to face them to the Reare though it be most proper to doe it by the right hand yet for the more ready way you must command This is performed by turning towards the left hand untill their faces Front to that place which was before the Reare To reduce them to their first forme the word of Command is Every other ranke passeth into the rank before them upon the right hand of his leader To reduce them the word of Command is Which is best done by causing those rankes which doubled to stand and those which stood to advance This motion differs nothing from the former onely where as before they doubled to the right now they double to the left hand of their Leaders To reduce them the word of Command is To performe this the second File passeth into the first every man behinde his sideman this must be done throughout the Company at one instant the o are the places where the Files that removed did stand They are reduced by commanding The difference betweene this and the former motion is the difference of hands so that those Files that before moved are now to stand view the Figure They are reduc't by commanding To performe this the middlemen double the first ranke on the right hand the other two Rankes double the two folowing Rankes as is manifest in the Figure To reduce them the word is But in regard of the combersomnesse of the horse in turning to cause them that double to stand and the first division to advance This motion onely differs from the former in the hand The reducing of them is shewed in the former motion In this motion the last Ranke passeth into the first and so successively as the Figure demonstrates it They are reduced by saying For the convenient turning of the horse it is best to beginne with the left hand This Figure is after the Corean manner There are divers other formes of countermarching which are to be performed as well by Rankes as by Files as the Lacedemonian and Macedonian but in regard of brevity they are here omitted All the Files are to close from the right and left towards the middle of the body Note when you intend to wheele your Files must first be closed and then the Rankes and when you command them to open againe the Rankes are first and then the Files To performe this all the Rankes move forwards saving the first which standeth the second ranke being advanc't up to its distance stands so all the rest When the horses are to wheele the Commander must take a reasonable Compasse for they cannot possibly doe it in such exact manner as the foote for they must be allowed a farre greater space in regard of the combersomenes of the horse To performe this motion all the body moveth to the left upon the left file leader as the Center The wheeling to the left hand is the readiest way unlesse some impediments hinders wherefore that is first nominated although it bee more proper to begin with the right the wheeling to the right is for brevity omitted To reduce them wheele to the right hand as you were There is also wheeling to the right or left about wheeling wings into the front they are here omited for brevitie To reduce them into their first order first the Rankes are to be opened then the files In opening the rankes the best way is to doe it by opening forwards It was attributed to Iason Foure kindes of Rhombes â— described Euelide defineth a Rhombe to be a square Figure that hath the sides equall but the Angles not right viz. the foure-sides of the square are of one and the same length but the points which make the Angles are two of them stretched out in length and become more sharpe the other two are more blunt than a Tetragonall square A Rhombe neither filing nor ranking The Thess alonians used this forme of imbattelling their Troopes The termes used by Commanders in former ages as Pâ—li l. 4. 217. A Rhombe ranking but not filing Leo Chap. 5. Sect. 3. and Cap. 6. Sect. 39. Leo Cap 7. Sect. 81 Cap. 14. Sect. 70. Leo Cap 14. Sect. 108 109. Plutarch in Liâ—urgo Leo Cap. 12. Sect. 4â— Their horse Troopes charged the Enemy in Phalang and not by rankes as we doe Leo ibidem reade Bingham upon Aliâ—ns Tacticks pag. 106. Caesar against Pompey did the like and Eâ—aâ—mondas against the Lacedemonians Soâ—e Generalls have 〈…〉 range 〈…〉 second 〈…〉 by a large 〈…〉 â—ront 〈…〉 but 〈…〉 Flank◠〈…〉 battell to 〈…〉 Inâ—anâ—ry Not to charge the enemies foote Troopes