Selected quad for the lemma: order_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
order_n file_n midst_n rank_n 4,614 5 11.6119 5 true
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A05975 The art of embattailing an army. Or, The second part of Ælians tacticks Containing the practice of the best generals of all antiquitie, concerning the formes of battailes. ... Englished and illustrated with figures and obseruations vpon euery chapter. By Captaine Iohn Bingham.; Tactica. English. Selections Aelianus.; Bingham, John, Captain.; Droeshout, Martin, b. 1601, engraver. 1631 (1631) STC 163; ESTC S106812 119,494 122

There are 6 snippets containing the selected quad. | View original text

enemy_n if_o the_o enemy_n come_v sudden_o upon_o we_o he_o must_v direct_v himself_o either_o against_o our_o front_n or_o our_o rear_n or_o our_o flank_n if_o front_n against_o our_o front_n we_o need_v no_o other_o motion_n then_o that_o whereby_o we_o may_v strengthen_v our_o front_n which_o be_v usual_o do_v by_o double_v of_o rank_n we_o march_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o a_o hearse_n in_o which_o form_n there_o can_v come_v many_o hand_n to_o fight_v and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v account_v the_o weak_a form_n to_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n rank_n double_v of_o rank_n help_v that_o defect_n and_o bring_v as_o many_o hand_n to_o fight_v as_o the_o proportion_n of_o force_n will_v allow_v if_o against_o the_o rear_n rear_n and_o time_n straight_o you_o not_o and_o your_o battle_n be_v in_o open_a order_n you_o have_v the_o use_n of_o countermarch_v countermarch_n which_o bring_v the_o best_a hand_n to_o fight_v for_o the_o fileleader_n be_v esteem_v the_o flower_n of_o the_o army_n your_o battle_n be_v in_o order_n or_o close_a order_n you_o be_v to_o wheeling_n wheel_v it_o about_o to_o your_o right_n or_o left_a cap._n 32._o the_o action_n of_o wheel_a cap._n 32._o the_o manner_n of_o wheel_v the_o first_o posture_n close_v of_o file_n close_v of_o rank_n forward_o the_o front_n cap._n 33_o os_fw-mi cloinge_n close_v to_o the_o midst_n the_o front_n after_o close_v y●_z right_n action_n close_v to_o y●_z leave_v ●and_v close_v to_o y●_z right_n ●and_v the_o front_n before_o close_v the_o front_n of_o y●_z battle_n before_o close_v hand_n and_o so_o to_o oppose_v the_o front_n against_o the_o enemy_n but_o in_o both_o these_o motion_n the_o caution_n of_o aelian_n be_v that_o the_o enemy_n surprise_v you_o not_o while_o you_o be_v in_o the_o a_o 〈…〉_z ion_n of_o countermarch_n or_o wheel_a lest_o take_v his_o advantage_n he_o charge_v you_o be_v in_o disorder_n therefore_o if_o he_o come_v so_o near_o that_o you_o have_v no_o liberty_n to_o countermarch_n or_o wheel_n your_o only_a refuge_n be_v to_o facing_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n for_o so_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o give_v upon_o your_o back_n if_o the_o enemy_n appear_v upon_o any_o flank_n countermarch_n of_o the_o front_n will_v not_o avail_v much_o less_o double_v against_o the_o flank_n of_o rank_n or_o file_n but_o you_o must_v either_o wheel_v your_o front_n to_o the_o flank_n or_o if_o you_o have_v not_o time_n enough_o so_o to_o do_v you_o be_v to_o face_v your_o battle_n to_o that_o hand_n the_o use_n of_o these_o motion_n have_v be_v handle_v in_o their_o several_a chapter_n more_o at_o large_a of_o the_o sign_n of_o direction_n which_o be_v to_o be_v givin_v to_o the_o army_n and_o of_o their_o several_a kind_n chap._n xxxv_o 1_o we_o be_v to_o acquaint_v our_o force_n both_o foot_n and_o horse_n perfect_o with_o the_o 2_o voice_n and_o perfect_o with_o 3_o visible_a sign_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v fit_v may_v be_v execute_v and_o do_v as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v 4_o some_o thing_n also_o be_v to_o be_v denounce_v by_o the_o trumpet_n for_o so_o all_o direction_n will_v be_v full_o accomplish_v and_o sort_n to_o a_o desire_a effect_n 5_o the_o sign_n therefore_o which_o be_v deliver_v by_o voice_n be_v most_o evident_a and_o clear_a if_o they_o have_v no_o impediment_n 6_o but_o the_o most_o certain_a and_o least_o tumultuous_a sign_n be_v such_o as_o be_v present_v to_o the_o eye_n if_o they_o be_v not_o obscure_v the_o voice_n sometime_o can_v be_v hear_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o clash_n of_o armour_n or_o trample_v or_o ney_v of_o horse_n or_o tumult_n of_o carriage_n or_o noise_n and_o confuse_a sound_n of_o the_o multitude_n the_o visible_a sign_n also_o become_v many_o way_n uncertain_a by_o thickness_n of_o air_n by_o dust_n by_o rain_n or_o snow_n or_o sunshine_n or_o else_o through_o ground_n that_o be_v uneven_a or_o full_a of_o tree_n or_o of_o turn_n and_o sometime_o it_o will_v not_o be_v easy_a to_o find_v out_o sign_n for_o all_o use_n occasion_n eftsoon_o present_v new_a matter_n to_o which_o a_o man_n be_v not_o accustom_v yet_o can_v it_o not_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o either_o by_o voice_n or_o by_o signal_n we_o shall_v not_o give_v sure_a and_o certain_a direction_n note_n 1_o the_o ordinary_a motion_n in_o a_o phalange_n be_v all_o represent_v by_o aelian_n now_o come_v he_o to_o speak_v of_o sign_n which_o direct_v and_o be_v mean_n of_o effect_v all_o these_o motion_n and_o without_o which_o the_o army_n be_v no_o army_n but_o remain_v a_o body_n ungovernable_a and_o may_v apt_o be_v resemble_v to_o a_o ship_n that_o have_v no_o rudder_n for_o as_o a_o ship_n in_o a_o tempest_n be_v drive_v by_o all_o wind_n toss_v by_o wave_n throw_v every_o way_n upon_o rock_n upon_o sand_n upon_o dangerous_a shore_n that_o be_v not_o guide_v by_o the_o master_n who_o stand_v and_o move_v at_o the_o helm_n so_o a_o army_n not_o direct_v by_o sign_n and_o forecast_v of_o the_o general_n be_v carry_v away_o through_o ignorance_n and_o violence_n of_o affection_n sometime_o of_o anger_n sometime_o offeare_n sometime_o of_o revenge_n and_o other_o unbridled_a desire_n and_o break_v or_o else_o fall_v into_o confusion_n through_o disorder_n work_v little_a against_o the_o enemy_n may_v rather_o give_v he_o mean_n of_o a_o certain_a victory_n the_o ship_n be_v like_o the_o army_n the_o general_n like_o the_o master_n the_o word_n of_o direction_n like_o the_o rudder_n guide_v all_o and_o every_o motion_n of_o the_o army_n for_o the_o army_n be_v a_o body_n of_o many_o head_n whereof_o every_o one_o have_v a_o several_a sense_n hang_v together_o not_o by_o the_o natural_a coherence_n and_o knit_n of_o one_o member_n to_o another_o but_o by_o artificial_a join_n of_o man_n to_o man_n file_n to_o file_n body_n to_o body_n whereby_o it_o be_v gather_v together_o into_o one_o mass_n and_o figure_v into_o many_o member_n and_o joint_n and_o rule_v not_o by_o the_o reason_n and_o judgement_n of_o itself_o but_o by_o the_o reason_n and_o understanding_n of_o the_o general_n so_o that_o no_o man_n be_v to_o demand_v why_o this_o or_o that_o be_v command_v but_o be_v to_o execute_v it_o alone_o for_o this_o cause_n because_o it_o be_v command_v the_o general_n then_o be_v to_o command_n and_o direct_v the_o action_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n aught_o to_o find_v out_o mean_n to_o speak_v and_o discourse_v with_o they_o all_o at_o once_o in_o such_o a_o language_n as_o it_o be_v that_o all_o may_v understand_v at_o once_o for_o the_o occurrence_n of_o war_n be_v oftentimes_o sudden_a and_o once_o slip_v by_o irrecoverable_a require_v sudden_a mean_n of_o speedy_a direction_n that_o nothing_o fall_v out_o so_o unlooked_v for_o but_o the_o army_n may_v have_v notice_n how_o to_o prevent_v and_o avoid_v or_o else_o to_o turn_v it_o to_o their_o most_o advantage_n the_o rather_o because_o in_o war_n safety_n and_o life_n come_v in_o question_n in_o loss_n of_o which_o no_o pardon_n of_o negligence_n can_v be_v admit_v and_o see_v there_o be_v two_o principal_a sense_n of_o advertisement_n the_o ear_n the_o one_o the_o other_o the_o eye_n the_o ear_n to_o hear_v all_o manner_n of_o sound_n the_o eye_n to_o discern_v all_o manner_n of_o colour_n and_o shape_n it_o have_v be_v the_o witty_a invention_n so_o ancient_a general_n to_o inform_v their_o army_n by_o the_o one_o and_o by_o the_o other_o by_o the_o eye_n when_o there_o be_v no_o use_n of_o the_o ear_n by_o the_o ear_n when_o the_o eye_n can_v not_o be_v inform_v the_o true_a observation_n and_o use_n of_o these_o sign_n avail_n much_o in_o war_n 5._o vegetius_n say_v that_o nothing_o profit_v more_o to_o victory_n then_o to_o obey_v the_o admonition_n of_o sign_n former_a experience_n have_v teach_v that_o the_o neglect_n or_o error_n of_o sign_n have_v bring_v in_o great_a inconvenience_n and_o quite_o overthrow_v the_o enterprise_n in_o hand_n ●_o polybius_n remember_v it_o in_o aratus_n the_o elder_a a_o general_n of_o the_o achaean_n cratus_fw-la say_v he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o achaean_n seek_v to_o get_v the_o cy●ethian_a city_n by_o a_o plot_n agree_v with_o those_o of_o his_o party_n within_o the_o city_n upon_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o come_v by_o night_n to_o the_o river_n that_o run_v by_o cynethe_v there_o refresh_v and_o stay_v his_o army_n a_o while_n and_o that_o those_o within_o take_v their_o time_n shall_v send_v about_o midday_n out_o of_o the_o gate_n secret_o one_o of_o their_o companion_n to_o stand_v in_o a_o cloak_n by_o a_o hill_n appoint_v which_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n to_o give_v advertisement_n to_o aratus_n to_o
one_o direct_o after_o another_o how_o they_o stand_v ●_o polybius_n show_v describe_v the_o same_o battle_n he_o say_v that_o scipio_n order_v the_o hastati_fw-la and_o their_o ensign_n first_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o in_o front_n and_o give_v interual_n to_o their_o maniple_n behind_o they_o the_o principes_fw-la not_o against_o the_o interual_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la as_o the_o roman_a manner_n be_v but_o behind_o they_o in_o a_o right_a line_n because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n elephant_n and_o last_o the_o triarij_fw-la on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o left_a flank_n he_o range_v c._n lelius_n with_o the_o italian_a horse_n under_o he_o on_o the_o right_a massanissa_n and_o all_o the_o numidian_a horse_n which_o he_o command_v the_o interual_n of_o the_o first_o ensign_n that_o be_v of_o the_o hastati_fw-la he_o fill_v with_o the_o body_n of_o light_n arm_v command_v they_o first_o to_o undertake_v the_o fight_n and_o in_o case_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v the_o affront_n of_o the_o the_o enemy_n or_o of_o the_o elephant_n he_o will_v they_o to_o retire_v some_o that_o can_v prevent_v the_o rest_n with_o speed_n through_o the_o direct_a interual_n of_o the_o maniple_n to_o thereare_v of_o the_o army_n other_z that_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n surprise_v to_o the_o flank_n near_o the_o ensign_n this_o order_n of_o maniple_n one_o direct_o after_o another_o so_o term_v and_o describe_v by_o polybius_n appian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o notwithstanding_o if_o true_o examine_v can_v according_o to_o the_o grecian_a practice_n come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o that_o name_n for_o the_o grecian_n as_o i_o say_v draw_v their_o company_n several_o each_o into_o a_o file_n and_o lay_v four_o or_o five_o or_o six_o or_o more_o of_o they_o together_o make_v a_o body_n the_o depth_n whereof_o much_o exceed_v the_o length_n or_o breadth_n the_o front_n be_v of_o 4._o 5._o or_o 6._o man_n in_o rank_n the_o depth_n of_o 100_o whereas_o the_o roman_n as_o appear_z by_o polybius_n keep_v their_o ordinary_a manner_n of_o embattel_v save_v that_o they_o place_v their_o principes_fw-la not_o against_o the_o interual_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la as_o their_o custom_n be_v but_o direct_o behind_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la to_o the_o end_n the_o elephant_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n may_v have_v a_o empty_a and_o void_a lane_n as_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v through_o their_o whole_a army_n as_o for_o the_o roman_a maniple_n they_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n join_v together_o which_o they_o call_v or●●_n ordines_fw-la and_o every_o ordo_fw-la contain_v 60_o man_n command_v by_o a_o captain_n so_o that_o the_o maniple_n have_v in_o it_o 120_o man_n and_o two_o captain_n or_o centurion_n these_o 120_o man_n be_v digest_v into_o file_n contain_v 10_o man_n a_o piece_n for_o that_o be_v the_o length_n of_o file_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o maniple_n make_v 12_o file_n which_o stand_v one_o by_o another_o range_v in_o front_n not_o stretch_v one_o after_o another_o in_o depth_n but_o because_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o the_o triarij_fw-la stand_v direct_o one_o after_o another_o therefore_o appian_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d either_o out_o of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o embattel_v among_o the_o roman_n or_o else_o because_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o write_n reduce_v the_o order_n of_o the_o roman_a embattel_v unto_o their_o own_o usage_n so_o they_o call_v a_o tribune_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n a_o chiliarch_n albeit_o a_o chiliarch_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o a_o tribune_n among_o the_o roman_n differ_v very_o much_o as_o i_o have_v note_v upon_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o aelian_n the_o manner_n of_o embattail_v of_o the_o army_n of_o acilius_n glabrio_n a_o roman_a consul_n in_o the_o straits_n of_o thermopyle_n come_v near_a unto_o the_o greekish_a form_n c._n appian_n describe_v it_o thus_o antiochus_n have_v fortify_v the_o straits_n of_o thermopyle_n with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o draw_v forth_o his_o army_n order_o for_o fight_v to_o make_v good_a the_o place_n against_o acilius_n acilius_n divide_v his_o troop_n into_o three_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o cato_n to●laccus_fw-la ●laccus_z the_o one_o to_o make_v his_o passage_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n the_o other_o on_o the_o other_o himself_o lead_v the_o ordinary_a way_n against_o antiochus_n and_o frame_v of_o his_o owne●_n part_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o manner_n of_o embattel_v alone_o say_v appian_n serve_v for_o straight_a way_n ●e_v push_v on_o and_o force_v his_o enemy_n to_o retire_v gain_v his_o campe._n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o mention_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o hearse_n orthie-phalange_a which_o aelian_n have_v set_v down_o in_o this_o chapter_n namely_o have_v one_o maniple_n or_o if_o the_o straight_o permit_v not_o a_o maniple_n of_o 12_o file_n to_o march_v entire_o in_o front_n one_o ordo_fw-la consist_v of_o six_o file_n to_o advance_v the_o rest_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o ●inde_n as_o the_o fashion_n be_v of_o the_o right_a induction_n remember_v by_o aelian_a hereafter_o in_o his_o 36_o chapter_n now_o albeit_o that_o form_n come_v near_o to_o the_o grecian_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o the_o one_o fill_v the_o way_n with_o the_o maniple_n or_o ordo_fw-la as_o it_o fall_v our_o in_o the_o same_o figure_n that_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o field_n the_o other_o change_v the_o order_n of_o the_o field_n draw_v the_o company_n out_o into_o one_o file_n and_o join_v other_o company_n with_o it_o in_o front_n as_o many_o as_o the_o way_n will_v receive_v so_o that_o the_o grecian_a have_v too_o in_o depth_n of_o the_o body_n the_o roman_a but_o 10._o we_o be_v not_o to_o pretermit_v that_o albeit_o acilius_n use_v this_o form_n to_o dislodge_v 〈…〉_z from_o the_o h●ll_n yet_o he_o trust_v not_o to_o it_o alone_o but_o divide_v his_o 〈…〉_z into_o three_o part_n he_o cause_v two_o of_o they_o to_o march_v up_o the_o hill_n on_o both_o side_n himself_o on_o the_o midst_n to_o the_o end_n that_o one_o part_n may_v ●aine_v the_o height_n over_o 〈…〉_z head_n and_o so_o make_v he_o forsake_v his_o ground_n thus_o far_o of_o the_o use_n of_o these_o two_o 〈…〉_z of_o phalanges_fw-la or_o battle_n it_o remain_v to_o show_v how_o one_o of_o they_o may_v be_v transsorm_v into_o another_o the_o next_o proceed_n chapter_n teach_v that_o out_o of_o doubling_n of_o rank_n the_o another_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n arise_v as_o the_o depth_n out_o of_o double_v of_o file_n i_o have_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o both_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 8_o and_o 29_o chapter_n and_o this_o manner_n be_v easy_a in_o a_o single_a company_n or_o in_o a_o small_a army_n in_o great_a body_n it_o have_v no_o file_n great_a use_n let_v the_o example_n be_v of_o a_o phalangarchy_n which_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o fourfold_a phalange_n and_o contain_v 256_o file_n double_o the_o file_n once_o you_o shall_v 128_o file_n and_o 32_o man_n in_o depth_n and_o but_o 3_o foot_n distance_n in_o rank_n the_o second_o double_v bring_v forth_o 64_o file_n and_o as_o many_o man_n in_o depth_n but_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o rank_n and_o rank_n be_v but_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a beyond_o this_o double_n you_o can_v proceed_v for_o beside_o the_o confusion_n of_o place_n of_o officer_n which_o be_v in_o number_n above_o 7._o 250_o in_o a_o phalangarchy_n the_o interual_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n will_v not_o convenient_o allow_v above_o two_o doubling_n your_o open_a order_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n wherein_o they_o stand_v at_o first_o give_v but_o six_o foot_n the_o first_o double_v take_v away_o three_o foot_n from_o every_o internal_a the_o second_o leave_v but_o a_o soot_n and_o half_a and_o consider_v that_o when_o the_o battle_n be_v close_v for_o fight_n the_o near_a distance_n betwixt_o rank_n and_o rank_n ought_v to_o be_v no_o less_o than_o three_o foot_n in_o regard_n of_o handle_v of_o weapon_n as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o out_o of_o polybius_n the_o second_o double_v albeit_o it_o yield_v room_n from_o the_o body_n of_o soldier_n to_o chapt_n stand_v in_o yet_o it_o take_v away_o the_o half_a of_o this_o distance_n but_o the_o three_o double_v allow_v but_o 3_o quarter_n of_o a_o foot_n for_o each_o man_n to_o stand_v in_o give_v not_o so_o much_o ground_n as_o his_o body_n will_v possess_v so_o be_v it_o likewise_o of_o rank_n which_o will_v not_o suffer_v above_o two_o doubling_n fit_v for_o use_v aelians_n file_n be_v of_o ●6_n man_n double_v your_o rank_n once_o your_o file_n will_v contain_v no_o more_o than_o eight_o man_n and_o
every_o man_n shall_v have_v three_o foot_n distance_n from_o other_o in_o rank_n double_v they_o twice_o the_o file_n have_v but_o four_o man_n and_o every_o man_n distance_n in_o rank_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a which_o as_o it_o be_v allowable_a in_o close_a order_n so_o admit_v it_o no_o third_n thou_o 〈…〉_z wherein_o the_o space_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n can_v exceed_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o foot_n as_o therefore_o the_o second_o double_v of_o rank_n in_o a_o phalangarchy_n albeit_o it_o extend_v the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n leave_v yet_o too_o small_a a_o depth_n to_o the_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n battle_n it_o contain_v no_o more_o than_o four_o man_n in_o depth_n so_o the_o double_n of_o file_n twice_o fit_v not_o the_o orthiophalange_n or_o hearse_n as_o have_v 64_o in_o depth_n and_o as_o many_o in_o length_n which_o number_n neither_o hold_v proportion_n of_o the_o depth_n manifold_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o orthiophalange_n or_o hearse_n nor_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n have_v conveniency_n to_o apply_v itself_o to_o straight_a way_n a_o thing_n that_o contain_v the_o principal_a use_n of_o that_o manner_n of_o battle_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o antiquity_n use_v another_o course_n if_o the_o march_n be_v to_o be_v make_v out_o of_o a_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n battle_n they_o frame_v a_o hearse_n by_o put_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o right_n or_o left_a wing_n first_o one_o file_n tetratchy_a or_o other_o body_n which_o may_v march_v whole_a according_a to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o way_n and_o after_o it_o follow_v from_o the_o same_o wing_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n if_o contrariwise_o a_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n battle_n be_v to_o be_v frame_v out_o of_o a_o orthiophalange_n or_o a_o hearse_n they_o cause_v the_o body_n which_o have_v the_o vaunt_n to_o stand_v firm_a and_o the_o rest_n follow_v to_o sleeve_n up_o by_o it_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n till_o they_o all_o come_v to_o a_o even_a front_n a._n xenophon_n show_v the_o manner_n in_o a_o company_n who_o word_n be_v these_o in_o english_a then_o he_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a behold_v another_o 〈◊〉_d captain_n lead_v his_o company_n from_o the_o river_n side_n to_o dinner_n one_o soldier_n follow_v another_o in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d single_a file_n who_o when_o he_o think_v ●it_n command_v the_o second_o and_o three_o and_o four_o file_n to_o sleeve_n up_o and_o make_v a_o even_a front_n with_o the_o first_o the_o fileleader_n be_v new_a in_o front_n he_o command_v the_o 〈◊〉_d half_a file_n to_o double_v the_o front_n so_o that_o new_a the_o decadarche_n or_o leader_n of_o half_a file_n stand_v in_o front_n again_o when_o it_o seem_v good_a he_o command_v the_o rea●e_n quarter_n file_v to_o double_v the_o front_n so_o the_o pempedarche_n or_o leader_n of_o the_o quarter_n of_o file_n lead_v up_o and_o the_o file_n march_v on_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n when_o they_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o tent_n door_n he_o command_v the_o first_o file_n to_o single_a out_o again_o and_o to_o enter_v in_o and_o the_o second_o to_o follow_v it_o single_a in_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o the_o three_o and_o four_o till_o all_o be_v within_o the_o tent._n to_o clear_v these_o word_n of_o xenophon_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o company_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o mention_v consist_v of_o 100_o man_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o file_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d each_o file_n contain_v twenty_o four_o man_n the_o file_n have_v five_o officer_n the_o file_n leader_n the_o decadarch_n two_o pempedarch_n and_o the_o bringer_n up_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o file_n stand_v the_o file-leader_n and_o behind_o he_o direct_o five_o man_n next_o after_o they_o stand_v the_o first_o pempedarch_n and_o five_o man_n that_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o file_n that_o be_v after_o the_o pempedarch_n and_o his_o five_a be_v place_v the_o decadarch_n who_o ●ed_v the_o hinder_v most_o half_o file_v and_o after_o he_o five_o man_n more_o last_o the_o second_o pempedarch_n and_o five_o more_o after_o he_o the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v the_o bringer_n up_o now_o when_o xenophon_n say_v that_o the_o whole_a company_n follow_v by_o one_o or_o file_v wise_a he_o mean_v that_o the_o four_o file_n be_v cast_v into_o one_o file_n and_o follow_v one_o another_o in_o a_o right_a line_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n have_v 100_o in_o depth_n and_o but_o one_o in_o front_n to_o bring_v it_o therefore_o to_o convenient_a length_n from_o this_o depth_n the_o captain_n command_v the_o first_o file_n leader_n to_o make_v alte_fw-la or_o to_o stand_v and_o the_o second_o file_n all_o leader_n with_o his_o file_n to_o advance_v and_o to_o sleeve_n up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o to_o front_v with_o the_o first_o file_n leader_n and_o so_o both_o file_n to_o stand_v even_o front_v in_o open_a order_n the_o like_a he_o command_v the_o three_o and_o four_o file_n to_o do_v so_o that_o the_o four_o file_n be_v lay_v one_o to_o another_o and_o front_v equal_o the_o front_n or_o length_n of_o the_o body_n have_v four_o man_n the_o depth_n 24._o then_o because_o he_o hold_v this_o depth_n disproporcionable_a to_o the_o length_n in_o so_o small_a a_o body_n he_o again_o enlarge_v the_o front_n by_o double_v command_v the_o half_a file_n to_o double_v their_o front_n the_o decadarch_n hereupon_o march_v up_o to_o the_o front_n and_o rank_v with_o the_o file_n leader_n and_o the_o half_a file_n follow_v they_o rank_v with_o the_o front-halfe_a file_n man_n to_o man_n now_o be_v the_o front_n eight_o in_o length_n the_o flank_n or_o depth_n twelve_o to_o enlarge_v again_o the_o front_n and_o to_o make_v the_o length_n exceed_v the_o depth_n he_o command_v the_o quarter-file_n to_o double_a the_o front_n hereupon_o the_o pempedarch_n advance_v march_v up_o with_o their_o quarter_n file_n after_o they_o till_o they_o front_v with_o the_o file_n leader_n and_o decadarch_n and_o each_o man_n of_o the_o quarter_n file_v rank_v with_o the_o rest_n so_o that_o the_o front_n come_v to_o be_v of_o 16_o man_n in_o length_n the_o flank_n six_o man_n in_o depth_n and_o each_o man_n in_o rank_n have_v a_o foot_n and_o half_a distance_n in_o file_n six_o foot_n and_o thus_o the_o company_n from_o one_o file_n as_o it_o be_v from_o a_o orthiophalange_n or_o hearse_n be_v form_v into_o a_o long_a body_n somewhat_o resemble_v a_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n battle_n to_o reduce_v it_o again_o to_o a_o orthiophalange_n or_o hearse_n the_o captain_n at_o the_o entry_n into_o the_o tent_n where_o the_o whole_a company_n be_v lodge_v together_o first_o direct_v the_o first_o file_n to_o march_v out_o namely_o by_o the_o file_n leader_n with_o his_o five_o than_o the_o first_o pempedarch_n with_o his_o five_o after_o he_o the_o decadarch_n with_o his_o five_o last_o the_o second_o pempedarch_n with_o his_o five_o which_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o officer_n one_o after_o another_o in_o depth_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o file_n command_v by_o they_o immediate_o bring_v the_o file_n to_o the_o just_a depth_n of_o 24._o this_o be_v do_v the_o second_o file_n follow_v the_o first_o in_o like_a order_n and_o the_o three_o the_o second_o &_o last_o of_o all_o come_v the_o four_o and_o this_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o change_v one_o form_n into_o another_o and_o albeit_o the_o example_n be_v but_o of_o a_o company_n yet_o be_v the_o reason_n all_o one_o in_o a_o phalange_n or_o battle_n for_o as_o a_o company_n be_v compact_v of_o many_o file_n so_o be_v a_o phalange_n of_o diverse_a company_n and_o as_o one_o file_n in_o the_o example_n before_o be_v lead_v after_o another_o filewise_o so_o be_v or_o may_v one_o company_n or_o other_o body_n be_v lead_v after_o another_o make_v thereby_o a_o orthiophalange_n or_o hearse_n and_o as_o one_o file_n advance_v to_o front_n with_o another_o to_o the_o intent_n to_o alter_v the_o form_n of_o the_o orthiophalange_n so_o must_v the_o body_n or_o company_n sleeve_n up_o one_o by_o another_o to_o make_v a_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n battle_n yet_o want_v there_o not_o example_n in_o the_o greek_a history_n of_o turn_v the_o orthiophalange_n or_o hearse_n into_o a_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad_a front_a battle_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o plagiophalange_n into_o a_o orthiophalange_n cherisophus_n in_o the_o return_n of_o the_o 10000_o grecian_n that_o follow_v cyrus_n the_o young_a into_o persia_n have_v the_o lead_n of_o the_o vanguard_n all_o the_o way_n a._n he_o in_o his_o march_n in_o armenia_n perceive_v the_o chalybes_n taochians_n and_o phasian_o have_v take_v
81._o a_o battle_n and_o to_o behold_v a_o direct_a space_n betwixt_o file_n and_o rank_n for_o that_o be_v the_o grace_n and_o beauty_n as_o i_o may_v term_v it_o of_o a_o phalange_n order_v for_o fight_n this_o proportion_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o observe_v distance_n curious_o open_v order_n be_v six_o foot_n both_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n every_o way_n if_o then_o any_o soldier_n in_o file_n gather_v up_o to_o his_o leader_n and_o stand_v at_o distance_n of_o three_o foot_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o his_o rank_n be_v thereby_o disturb_v and_o make_v uneven_a although_o the_o file_n continue_v straight_o contrariwise_o if_o he_o bear_v himself_o out_o of_o his_o place_n three_o foot_n towards_o either_o of_o his_o sideman_n by_o this_o mean_v he_o disorder_v his_o file_n and_o make_v it_o crooked_a this_o fault_n if_o it_o be_v commit_v by_o many_o a_o general_a disorder_n will_v follow_v in_o the_o body_n and_o therefore_o aelian_n well_o advise_v to_o keep_v the_o first_o distance_n especial_o till_o you_o be_v command_v to_o the_o second_o or_o three_o distance_n which_o will_v often_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o four_o motion_n of_o which_o facing_n be_v the_o first_o and_o the_o word_n of_o motion_n direction_n in_o it_o be_v these_o as_o before_o in_o aelian_n 12_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n 25._o that_o be_v face_n to_o the_o tight_a hand_n for_o the_o pike_n be_v always_o bear_v in_o the_o right_a hand_n 14_o face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o pike-man_n in_o the_o macedonian_a army_n bear_v target_n on_o their_o left_a arm_n or_o on_o the_o left_a side_n so_o that_o face_n to_o the_o target_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o word_n of_o command_n face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n 16_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n that_o be_v face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n but_o where_o he_o add_v move_v a_o little_a further_o he_o signify_v that_o the_o direction_n be_v not_o full_o accomplish_v and_o he_o will_v have_v the_o soldier_n continue_v their_o motion_n till_o their_o face_n be_v full_o come_v about_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o then_o he_o will_v they_o to_o stand_v so_o because_o they_o have_v gain_v their_o place_n these_o face_n here_o express_v by_o aelian_n be_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n other_o face_n of_o the_o part_n he_o have_v not_o set_v down_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v oftentimes_o of_o great_a use_n for_o say_v the_o enemy_n charge_v in_o front_n and_o rear_v your_o front_n must_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v but_o the_o word_n for_o the_o rear_n be_v phalange_n half_a file_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n if_o the_o enemy_n charge_v you_o on_o both_o flank_n then_o be_v the_o word_n of_o command_n phalange_n half_n rank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n halft_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n if_o in_o front_n and_o one_o flank_n the_o front_n stand_v firm_a and_o the_o word_n for_o the_o flank_n that_o be_v charge_v be_v half_a rank_n of_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v flank_n face_n to_o the_o hand_n name_v plesium_n if_o in_o front_n and_o both_o flank_n the_o front_n be_v to_o stand_v firm_a and_o both_o the_o flank_n to_o face_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o be_v do_v in_o a_o hollow_a square_a or_o plesium_n and_o the_o word_n be_v flank_n face_n one_o to_o the_o right_a the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n if_o on_o all_o side_n or_o round_o about_o it_o be_v as_o before_o for_o the_o flank_n but_o for_o the_o rear_n the_o rear_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n now_o in_o countermarch_v of_o the_o rear_n the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n be_v oftentimes_o command_v to_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n in_o countermarch_n of_o the_o front_n the_o rank_n of_o bringer_n up_o must_v do_v the_o like_a as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o countermarch_v double_v be_v the_o second_o motion_n use_v in_o battle_n the_o precept_n motion_n of_o it_o in_o this_o in_o aelian_n 18_o double_v your_o depth_n the_o word_n in_o our_o exercise_n for_o this_o motion_n be_v double_v your_o file_n because_o cap._n file_n measure_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o rank_n measure_v the_o length_n this_o double_n be_v make_v many_o way_n the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o even_a file_n that_o be_v the_o 2._o 4._o 6._o 8._o 10._o file_n fall_v into_o the_o odd_a as_o if_o the_o double_n be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o right_a hand_n corner-file_n stand_v firm_a and_o be_v the_o first_o after_o double_v the_o three_o be_v the_o second_o file_n the_o five_o the_o three_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o odd_a file_n in_o order_n but_o the_o manner_n be_v that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o second_o file_n fall_v direct_o behind_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n behind_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o first_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o two_o file_n the_o same_o order_n be_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o even_a file_n when_o they_o double_v the_o odd_a file_n and_o the_o word_n be_v double_v your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o manner_n be_v when_o half_o the_o body_n of_o file_n convey_v itself_o into_o the_o space_n o●_n the_o other_o half_n of_o the_o body_n be_v it_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n according_a to_o direction_n give_v so_o that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n which_o be_v to_o move_v fall_v into_o the_o space_n next_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n that_o stand_v and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n that_o move_v and_o the_o word_n be_v half_n the_o body_n double_v your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o be_v when_o file_n be_v double_v by_o a_o countermarch_n as_o if_o the_o second_o file_n of_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o it_o be_v appoint_v countermarch_n and_o the_o leader_n of_o that_o file_n place_n himself_o behind_o the_o bringer_n up_o of_o the_o corner_n file_n to_o that_o hand_n to_o which_o the_o double_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n of_o even_a number_n behind_o those_o of_o odd_a number_n as_o the_o second_o behind_o the_o first_o the_o four_o behind_o the_o three_o the_o six_o behind_o the_o five_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n the_o word_n be_v double_v your_o file_n by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o next_o word_n in_o aelian_n be_v double_a your_o length_n that_o be_v double_v your_o rank_n or_o front_n for_o as_o i_o before_o note_v the_o rank_n make_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o likewise_o be_v many_o way_n do_v the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o rank_n of_o even_a appellation_n as_o the_o 2._o 4._o 6._o 8._o etc._n etc._n fall_v out_o into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o odd_a namely_o into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o 1._o 3._o 5._o 7._o etc._n etc._n which_o stand_v before_o they_o and_o place_n themselves_o even_o with_o they_o in_o rank_n the_o word_n be_v double_v your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o way_n be_v when_o the_o bringers-up_a their_o half_a file_n follow_v they_o by_o countermarch_n advance_v up_o to_o the_o front_n and_o place_n themselves_o in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o fileleader_n to_o the_o hand_n appoint_v and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n according_o namely_o the_o nine_o rank_n in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o second_o the_o eight_o in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o three_o the_o seven_o in_o the_o four_o the_o six_o in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o word_n be_v bringer_n up_o double_v your_o front_n by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o be_v when_o the_o reare-halfe-file_n one_o half_a face_n to_o the_o right_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o divide_v themselves_o march_v out_o till_o they_o be_v pass_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o stand_a halfe-file_n then_o face_v to_o the_o front_n sleeve_n up_o and_o front_v with_o the_o stand_a halfe-file_n then_o the_o word_n be_v rear_n halfe-file_n double_v your_o front_n by_o division_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n another_o way_n be_v when_o the_o reare-halfe-file_n undivided_a face_n to_o the_o hand_n appoint_v and_o be_v beyond_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o sleeve_n up_o and_o join_v in_o front_n with_o the_o stand_a halfe-file_n the_o word_n be_v reare-halfe-file_n enter_v double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o all_o these_o motion_n of_o double_a rank_n or_o front_n the_o soldier_n be_v to_o return_v after_o
place_v in_o front_n i_o will_v add_v one_o example_n out_o of_o ●_o xenophon_n more_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n when_o the_o grecian_n that_o follow_v cyrus_n the_o young_a into_o persia_n return_v towards_o their_o country_n they_o come_v as_o far●e_n as_o the_o river_n phiscus_n they_o find_v there_o a_o bridge_n and_o not_o far_o off_o a_o great_a city_n call_v opis_n at_o which_o the_o base_a brother_n of_o cyrus_n and_o artaxerxes_n lead_v from_o susa_n and_o ecbatana_n a_o mighty_a army_n with_o he_o to_o give_v aid_n to_o the_o king_n meet_v the_o grecian_n and_o cause_v his_o own_o army_n to_o make_v alte_fw-la he_o take_v unto_o of_o the_o grecian_n as_o they_o pass_v by_o clearchus_n lead_v his_o army_n 〈◊〉_d 2_o in_o front_n and_o in_o his_o march_n oftentimes_o make_v alte_fw-la as_o long_o as_o the_o vaunt_v of_o the_o army_n stay_v so_o long_o the_o rear_n must_v likewise_o stay_v so_o that_o the_o grecian_n be_v of_o opinion_n they_o have_v a_o great_a army_n and_o the_o persian_a be_v abash_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o such_o a_o multitude_n whether_o this_o march_n be_v aelia●s_o right_a induction_n a_o man_n will_v doubt_v because_o it_o be_v not_o express_v by_o xenophon_n particular_o how_o the_o body_n of_o the_o phalange_n do_v march_v only_o he_o say_v that_o clearchus_n lead_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o binos_fw-la say_v the_o latin_a translation_n i_o interpret_v it_o 2_o in_o front_n for_o two_o in_o depth_n it_o can_v not_o be_v because_o xenophon_n speak_v of_o a_o stand_v make_v oftentimes_o by_o the_o vaunt_v which_o cause_v the_o rear_n to_o stay_v and_o have_v the_o army_n be_v but_o 2_o in_o depth_n it_o have_v bean_n all_o vaunt_v the_o 10000_o grecian_n be_v order_v into_o two_o rank_n and_o no_o more_o each_o of_o they_o be_v 5000_o man_n beside_o that_o the_o persian_a wonder_v at_o the_o multitude_n which_o pass_v by_o he_o in_o flank_n which_o flank_n if_o it_o have_v consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o two_o his_o wonder_n will_v soon_o have_v end_v but_o clearchus_n use_v art_n to_o make_v his_o number_n seem_v great_a and_o be_v but_o 2_o in_o front_n they_o must_v needs_o be_v 5000_o in_o file_n to_o which_o 5000_o give_v 6_o foot_n a_o piece_n for_o their_o open_a order_n the_o ground_n will_v contain_v 30000_o foot_n in_o depth_n which_o amount_v to_o six_o mile_n of_o we_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v to_o march_v sometime_o mile_n with_o 2_o in_o front_n if_o the_o way_n be_v straight_o so_o do_v dercyllidas_n in_o asia_n the_o less_o when_o enter_v into_o a_o city_n his_o whole_a army_n follow_v he_o peaceable_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d two_o in_o front_n so_o b_o archidamus_n the_o son_n of_o agesilaus_n advance_v against_o the_o arcadian_n by_o a_o cart_n way_n that_o lead_v to_o cromnum_fw-la order_v his_o army_n 2_o in_o front_n as_o than_o his_o march_n fall_v out_o when_o they_o approach_v one_o to_o another_o archidamus_n his_o army_n be_v in_o a_o wing_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o way_n the_o archadian_o in_o a_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n with_o target_n close_o face_v together_o the_o lacedaemonian_n can_v not_o endure_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o arcadian_n and_o forthwith_o both_o archidamus_n be_v wound_v through_o the_o thigh_n and_o they_o slay_v that_o fight_v before_o he_o he_o say_v that_o archidamus_n march_v two_o in_o front_n wing-wise_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o way_n in_o that_o he_o say_v wing-wise_a he_o show_v the_o army_n be_v draw_v out_o in_o depth_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o a_o induction_n and_o when_o he_o make_v the_o way_n the_o cause_n he_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o so_o march_v but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o i_o first_o propound_v the_o induction_n hitherto_o specify_v in_o the_o former_a example_n seem_v to_o differ_v from_o aelians_n right-induction_n as_o neither_o have_v all_o the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n nor_o yet_o single_a body_n of_o the_o same_o kind_a one_o to_o follow_v another_o the_o company_n be_v each_o draw_v into_o one_o file_n and_o then_o two_o or_o three_o or_o four_o or_o more_o of_o these_o file_n lay_v together_o according_a to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o way_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n follow_v in_o the_o manner_n afore_o express_v 5._o against_o it_o be_v oppose_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v a_o wedge_n hollow_a in_o front_n and_o to_o be_v oppose_v against_o the_o right_a induction_n say_v aelian_n i_o have_v note_v before_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o all_o famous_a general_n to_o fit_v the_o embattail_v of_o their_o army_n to_o the_o form_n which_o the_o enemy_n use_v at_o the_o time_n of_o join_v and_o therefore_o it_o much_o concern_v the_o 16._o commander_n of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v skilful_a in_o all_o form_n which_o be_v of_o true_a use_n and_o to_o know_v the_o advantage_n that_o one_o carry_v against_o another_o the_o right_a induction_n be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v the_o ordinary_a form_n to_o march_v in_o to_o order_v your_o troop_n in_o a_o advantageous_a form_n against_o it_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v invent_v it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n a_o hollow_a wedge_n because_o it_o be_v not_o fill_v up_o in_o the_o midst_n but_o include_v a_o void_a space_n bias-wise_a in_o front_n betwixt_o the_o point_n of_o both_o wing_n and_o join_v itself_o together_o in_o the_o rear_n so_o that_o to_o one_o that_o shall_v view_v it_o behind_o it_o seem_v a_o plain_a wedge_n and_o yet_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n it_o can_v be_v call_v a_o wedge_n for_o a_o wedge_n have_v three_o side_n and_o three_o point_n and_o bear_v the_o true_a form_n of_o a_o triangle_n and_o with_o the_o former_a point_n it_o charge_v the_o enemy_n as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o horseman_n wedge_n this_o have_v but_o one_o point_n and_o two_o side_n neither_o do_v it_o charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o the_o point_n but_o receive_v the_o front_n of_o his_o battle_n into_o the_o empty_a space_n strike_v upon_o both_o the_o flank_n thereof_o with_o the_o wing_n it_o have_v open_v and_o so_o seek_v to_o distress_v it_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v this_o advantage_n that_o it_o fight_v with_o the_o best_a man_n viz._n the_o fileleader_n order_v in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wing_n thereof_o not_o against_o the_o file-leader_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n but_o against_o the_o weak_a sort_n who_o be_v ordinary_o place_v in_o the_o flank_n thereof_o the_o latin_a name_n be_v more_o fit_a and_o significant_a to_o express_v the_o form_n by_o some_o it_o be_v call_v a_o 19_o pair_n of_o tongue_n by_o othersome_a a_o ●orfex_fw-la pair_n of_o shears_n both_o appellation_n serve_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o right_a form_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la for_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o open_a their_o foremost_a part_n to_o a_o pretty_a distance_n and_o the_o hinder_a part_n which_o be_v pin_v and_o fasten_v together_o end_n in_o a_o narrow_a point_n as_o do_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o term_v it_o a_o wedge_n that_o they_o hold_v it_o the_o best_a form_n to_o receive_v and_o frustrate_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o true_a wedge_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o 18_o vegetius_n 6._o which_o be_v frame_v when_o the_o fashion_v of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la spring_v out_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n what_o that_o diphalange_n be_v we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 40_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n thus_o much_o i_o may_v beforehand_o signify_v that_o the_o fileleader_n ought_v to_o be_v place_v within_o the_o hollow_a flank_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o line_n to_o the_o inside_n and_o the_o diphalange_a antistomus_n be_v once_o frame_v which_o be_v to_o have_v the_o fileleader_n in_o the_o midst_n from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o other_o there_o need_v no_o further_a labour_n then_o to_o dispatch_v the_o front_n in_o the_o midst_n leave_v the_o fileleader_n on_o both_o side_n and_o to_o fasten_v and_o join_v together_o the_o rear_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n may_v enter_v into_o the_o hollowness_n but_o yet_o be_v mesh_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o net_n and_o neither_o able_a to_o pass_v through_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v close_o shut_v nor_o yet_o to_o give_v offence_n to_o those_o that_o fight_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v no_o man_n who_o they_o may_v charge_v in_o the_o void_a space_n nor_o yet_o dare_v to_o break_v the_o form_n of_o their_o battle_n after_o join_v for_o it_o be_v a_o good_a observation_n of_o cyrop_n vegetius_n that_o in_o fight_v the_o manner_n of_o your_o embattail_v be_v not_o
direction_n do_v what_o you_o be_v command_v with_o silence_n keep_v your_o place_n every_o man_n follow_v your_o colour_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o write_v thus_o when_o your_o army_n go_v out_o to_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n 63._o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o deep_a silence_n for_o that_o both_o preserve_v the_o army_n from_o disorder_n and_o also_o make_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o commander_n to_o be_v hear_v with_o more_o attention_n and_o again_o thus_o there_o aught_o to_o be_v as_o much_o silence_n as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o army_n and_o if_o 79._o the_o bringer_n up_o of_o any_o file_n hear_v but_o a_o whisper_n of_o their_o fellow_n in_o the_o file_n they_o be_v to_o prick_v the_o party_n with_o the_o point_n of_o their_o pike_n and_o so_o to_o redress_v the_o fault_n d._n alexander_n when_o he_o be_v return_v from_o the_o country_n of_o the_o taulantian_o into_o which_o he_o have_v make_v a_o inroad_n find_v his_o way_n beset_v with_o enemy_n and_o be_v to_o cast_v his_o army_n into_o a_o form_n of_o battle_n to_o fight_v he_o first_o command_v ●_o a_o absolute_a silence_n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o other_o direction_n and_o for_o the_o effect_n of_o silence_n our_o own_o story_n have_v a_o memorable_a example_n of_o the_o army_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o in_o barnet_n field_n as_o for_o the_o silence_n here_o prescribe_v by_o aelian_n it_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o exercise_v and_o fight_v but_o oftentimes_o to_o the_o march_v of_o a_o army_n and_o to_o the_o camp_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o last_o example_n and_o by_o leos_n precept_n in_o his_o eleven_o 2d_o chapter_n and_o yet_o this_o precept_n of_o silence_n be_v not_o inviolable_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o army_n at_o all_o time_n for_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o the_o soldier_n ought_v to_o give_v a_o general_a shout_n and_o cry_v through_o the_o whole_a army_n to_o the_o end_n to_o terrify_v the_o adverse_a battle_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o that_o time_n have_v always_o be_v choose_v and_o by_o all_o nation_n observe_v when_o the_o fight_n be_v present_o to_o be_v undergo_v i_o need_v not_o bring_v instance_n thereof_o every_o man_n know_v it_o that_o be_v although_o but_o mean_o acquaint_v with_o history_n it_o be_v term_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o latin_a clamour_n in_o english_a a_o shout_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n the_o which_o be_v perform_v silence_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v in_o as_o strict_a manner_n a_o before_o and_o thus_o much_o of_o silence_n now_o follow_v the_o word_n of_o direction_n in_o aelians_n last_o chapter_n of_o the_o word_n of_o direction_n chap._n liiii_o thus_o then_o be_v we_o to_o command_v 1_o to_o your_o arm_n 2_o carriage_n away_o from_o the_o battle_n 3_o be_v silent_a and_o mark_v your_o direction_n 4_o take_v up_o your_o arm_n 5_o separate_a yourselves_o 6_o advance_v your_o pike_n 7_o file_n yourselves_o 8_o rank_n yourselves_o 9_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n 10_o reare-commander_n strengthen_v your_o file_n 11_o keep_v your_o first_o distance_n 12_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 13_o as_o you_o be_v 14_o face_n to_o the_o target_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 15_o as_o you_o be_v 16_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n 17_o as_o you_o be_v 18_o double_v your_o depth_n 19_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n 20_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v 21_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n 22_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v 23_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n 24_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_v 25_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n the_o precept_n of_o the_o art_n tactic_n have_v i_o deliver_v unto_o you_o most_o invincible_a caesar_n which_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n will_v bring_v to_o the_o practice_n safety_n and_o victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n note_n these_o word_n of_o direction_n here_o set_v down_o be_v rather_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o command_n then_o to_o express_v the_o just_a number_n of_o direction_n 88_o use_v in_o exercise_n yet_o do_v leo_n the_o emperor_n transcribe_v some_o of_o they_o albeit_o not_o all_o out_o of_o aelian_n and_o the_o last_o in_o leo_n have_v a_o mixture_n of_o two_o motion_n in_o one_o direction_n be_v deliver_v in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v in_o latin_a translate_v by_o sir_n john_n check_v laconicum_n ad_fw-la hasta_fw-la 〈…〉_z trivolue_v and_o may_v be_v thus_o english_v wheel_n thrice_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n wherein_o there_o be_v both_o wheel_a and_o the_o lace_n emonian_n countermarch_v command_v at_o once_o a_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v perform_v for_o as_o in_o wheel_v the_o whole_a battle_n remain_v entire_a and_o move_v circlewise_o about_o the_o right_a ot_fw-mi left_a corner_n fileleader_n as_o about_o a_o centre_n so_o in_o a_o countermarch_v lacedaemonian_a it_o be_v break_v and_o begin_v to_o move_v by_o several_a rank_n and_o continue_v the_o motion_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o not_o in_o a_o circle_n but_o for_o the_o precept_n of_o aelian_n i_o purpose_v to_o explain_v only_o such_o as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o soldier_n and_o commander_n of_o our_o time_n and_o after_o take_v of_o arm_n i_o hold_v this_o to_o be_v the_o first_o at_o lest_o when_o we_o begin_v to_o move_v 6_o advance_v your_o pike_n pike_n in_o order_v of_o a_o battle_n must_v be_v first_o advance_v before_o any_o motion_n can_v be_v perform_v in_o as_o much_o as_o all_o other_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n do_v hinder_v or_o else_o be_v unfit_a for_o transmutation_n and_o variety_n of_o change_n and_o from_o advane_v the_o rest_n of_o pike-posture_n do_v spring_n order_v of_o the_o pike_n be_v devise_v to_o ease_v the_o soldier_n stand_v still_o shoulder_v to_o ease_v he_o in_o match_v advance_v to_o give_v facility_n to_o the_o other_o posture_n and_o to_o finish_v they_o because_o they_o both_o begin_v and_o end_v in_o it_o 7_o &_o 8._o file_n and_o rank_n yourselves_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o note_v that_o no_o battle_n can_v be_v without_o file_v and_o rank_v this_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o captain_n be_v to_o see_v whether_o the_o soldier_n be_v file_v and_o rank_v but_o the_o action_n itself_o pertain_v to_o the_o soldier_n who_o know_v their_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v every_o man_n to_o take_v their_o place_n according_o for_o so_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v in_o true_a discipline_n of_o war_n 9_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n the_o file-leader_n be_v the_o life_n and_o giver_n of_o form_n unto_o the_o file_n he_o be_v the_o life_n in_o that_o he_o move_v first_o and_o draw_v the_o rest_n unto_o the_o same_o motion_n he_o give_v the_o form_n unto_o it_o because_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o right_a line_n his_o stand_n be_v the_o first_o point_n direct_v the_o rest_n to_o follow_v lineal_o one_o after_o another_o in_o this_o precept_n therefore_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n two_o thing_n be_v command_v one_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n shall_v observe_v to_o move_v and_o stand_v still_o as_o he_o do_v the_o other_o that_o they_o shall_v maintain_v a_o straightness_n and_o rightnesse_n in_o length_n which_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o file_n 10_o reare-commander_n order_v your_o file_n 2d_o in_o the_o greek_a edition_n of_o aelian_n be_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v file-leader_n but_o in_o a_o manuscript_n which_o i_o have_v see_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o bringer_n up_o or_o reare-commander_n and_o so_o be_v it_o read_v in_o leos_n tactic_n and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o true_a read_n 88_o this_o command_n rather_o appertain_v to_o the_o reare-commander_n then_o to_o the_o file-leader_n for_o the_o file-leader_n be_v the_o foremost_a of_o the_o file_n and_o bear_v his_o face_n out_o of_o the_o front_n how_o can_v he_o see_v whether_o the_o file_n that_o be_v behind_o he_o be_v in_o right_a order_n or_o not_o the_o bringer-up_a have_v his_o face_n towards_o the_o whole_a file_n as_o it_o stand_v out_o before_o he_o and_o therefore_o may_v easy_o discern_v if_o any_o man_n be_v in_o disorder_n and_o reform_v they_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o disorder_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o command_n than_o the_o file-leader_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o i_o have_v translate_v the_o word_n of_o direction_n as_o before_o reare-commander_n order_n your_o file_n 11_o keep_v your_o first_o distance_n that_o be_v stand_v in_o your_o open_a order_n for_o in_o that_o distance_n be_v the_o exercise_n first_o legunne_v it_o be_v a_o seemly_a thing_n to_o see_v a_o even_a proportion_n observe_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o