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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43483	The second part of the principles of art military, practised in the warres of the United Provinces consisting of the severall formes of battels, represented by the illustrious Maurice Prince of Orange of famous memorie, and His Highnesse Frederick Henry Prince of Orange, that is Captaine Generall of the Army of the high and mighty Lords the States Generall of the United Provinces : together with the order and forme of quartering, encamping, and approaching, in a warre offensive and defensive.; Principles of the art militarie. Part 2	Hexham, Henry, 1585?-1650?	1642 (1642)	Wing H1654; ESTC R18347	75,268	96

Rampard of the cutting off be lower then the high Rampard of the Town then the Enemies Canon can do it no great harm because they are defended from the great Rampard Againe the Enemy cannot discover the place and the forme of the cutting off according to which one may governe themselves otherwise It is certain also that one cannot beate an Enemy from a high place which is neer at hand because he is blinded and covered with the Wall or Rampard All these things being finished when one is assured that an Enemy is ready to spring his Mine which cannot be found out one must then strengthen double the guards in every place bring your canon to those places where they may most gaul and flanck the enemy One ought to have an eye aswell on other places as only upon the Breach which is made by the springing of the mine For an Enemy hopeing that he may have drawn the most of the forces in a Town or Fortresse to defend the Breach may attempt some other place of the Fortresse which is not thought upon so become master of such a place which is not provided with a sufficient defence After that the Breach is made the Besieged must expect to be presently assaulted which they must maintaine and make good as long as possibly they can by defending the breach couragiously in doing whereof they must throw downe from the top of it abundance of these Sqare tanter-nailes spoken of in the chapter before for to annoy and prick the Enemy when he seeks to mount up and to enter it Vpon the top of the Breach also if they have time they may cast up a brest-worke as Sir Francis Vere did in Ostend or set up some turn-pikes to hinder the Enemy for entring and to strike in some Palissadoes upon the top of it having Clubs Flails Stones and Ashes to offend them It is necessary when the Enemy strives to enter it that the souldiers fight couragiously that the officers should encourage them with their presence to carry themselvs like brave men that being a place to gaine honour in by giveing them also premisses of reward and when they grow weary to see that they be seconded with fresh men which stand in readinesse behinde the Rampard to relieve them When they are not able to maintaine and defend the breach any longer then they must retire into the cutting off and take a new courage and a heart of grace in fighting behinde a new Rampard in makeing resistance as long as ever they are able and thus much for the second part Two divisions of 25 files of Pikes standing in their order in Ranke file making 500 men Ordre de Bataille de 24000 d'Infanterie et 6000 de Cavaillerie Ordonné en trois Brigades duquel le Front de A. B. a 5054 pieds Ordre de Bataille en Flandres vers Nieuport dressée l'An 1600. le 2e Iuillet par le Prince d'Orange Maurice Ordre de Bataille de l'Archeduc Albert en Flanders vers Nieuport le 2e Iuillet l'An 1600. Ordre de bataille d'Infanterie ordonné par le feu Prince d'Orange Maurice de tres boute memoire l'An 160● Premiere forme de l'Ordre de Bataille devant Rees le 23e Septembre 1605. Ordre de Bataille de 37 Compaignies de Cavaillerie devant Rees le 23. Septemb. 1614. Premiere forme d'ordre de Bataille devant Iuliers dressée l'an 1610. e marchant depuis Vorstenberg Seconde forme de lordre de Bataille dressée depuis Vorstenberg vers Iuliers le 22e Aoeust 1620 A Forme of Horse Embattailed before Gulick Anno 1610. Ordre de Bataille de Cavaillerie devant Iuliers l'An mille six cent et dix An other forme of Embattailing Horse shoune before Rees by his Exce 1621 Ordre de Bataille de Cavaillerie devant Rees ordonné par son Excce en octob 1621. Ordre d'Infanterie en bataille devant Rees l'An 1614 duquel le front est long 2200 pieds et la bauteur 740 pieds Autre Ordre d'Infanterie en Bataille devant Rees l'an 1614 duquel le front est long 2750. pieds et la bauteur 1160. pieds Premiere Ordre d'Infanterie en Bataille devant Doormick l'An 1621. Seconde Ordre de Bataille de Cavaillerie et Infanterie Ordonné par Son Excce devant Doornick le ●e de Septemb. Infanterie en Bataille Autre Ordre d'Infanterie en Bataille Ordre d'Infanterie en Bataille pres Nimmege 1624. Ordre de Bataille Ordonné par le Prince Henry à Walwic Ordre-de-Bataille de toute L'Armeé Ordonné par Son Altezze devant le sort de Voren le 4e de Iuin 1642. The forme of the Battle which his Highnesse showed before Breda anno 1634. the Front is 8495. foote The forme of Battle showne by his Highnesse at Maersen the 10e of Iune 1635 the Front is 5050 foote Quartier d'un 〈◊〉 d'Infanterie de dix Compaignies selon l'Ordre de son Altezze le front à 434 pieds Quartier d'un Regiment de Cavaillerie de 5. Compaignies selon l'ordre de son Altezze le front à 430 pieds Figure d'Une Armée en Campaigne avec ques sa Cavaillerie et Infanterie selon l'Ordre du feu Prince d'Orange

of an Armie from whose magnanimity valour wi●edome procedes many times good successe when occasions are offred which are for the most part executed by the horse especially in the day of battell who charging in good order vpon an advantage maye happely rout an Ennemie and get the victorie wheras contrarie wise by the disorders of the horse it maye breed great confusion and losse of men The Generall of the horse ought to take perticular notice not onely of the Captaines and officers but also of every gentleman and souldier that carries themselves bravely in the face of their Ennemie and to honour and respect them in publick which will encourage others to do the like when occasion presente itselfe to advance them to military charges Contrariewise to punish Delinquents and such as doe not their endeavour in doing whereof he shall be honored loued feared and respected of all men last of all by his high commaund he giues commaund for the due exercising of his troupes and helps in them their necessities To conclude the proportion or grosse of the States horse answerable to their foote consists in eighty troupes of horse namely Curassiers Carrabins and Harquebusiers two Companies of Curassiers and two Companies of Harquebusiers being ioyned together according to his highnesse order make a battaillon or a Devision These also being formed ordered into ten Regiments maye be drawne as the foote are into three Brigades or Tercias making the Avantgard the Battle and the Reere as yow see them ranged in the first figure by observing their true distances What a goodly show it is to see these 80 troupes of Horse drawne into three brigades the Generall commanding in the head of the Avantgard the Commissarie Generall in the battell the Lieutenant Generall in the Reere being brauely mounted well armed with their skarfes and 160. Trumpetters sounding Tantara in honour of their prince and Countrie I leaue it to the report of those which have seene it Also of what excellent use service horse maye be off in the day of battell for the breaking of foote as also vpon execution for the cutting off of Convoyes gayning of passages and the beating in of an Ennemie salying out of a Towne beseiged I will leaue to the testimonie of historie and here wil I shutt vp this second part FINIS FIRST OF THE ORDERING AND FORMING of a Devision or a Battalion and then the forme of an Army of thirty thousand Horse and Foote raunged in Battell THe ordering of a Regiment according to his highnesse the Prince of Orange his cōmād hath bin showne already in the first part of this book namely that Cōpanies being made into even files ten deepe foure or fiue Comapnies ioyned together make a division to wit the Pikes are drawne first into one bodie and then the Muskettiers into an other standing in their true distance of three foote in file Ranke and 18 foote distance betweene the Pikes the Muskettiers this is the first order The second is whē the Muskettiers are equally devided as neere as may be and drawne vp on the right and left flankes of the Pikes there to giue fire by Rankes or to march away as these two first figures marked with number 1 and 2 doe shew Now the fittest number of men to make a devision of is accounted to be 500. Pikes Musketteires that is 25 files of Pikes and 25 files of Musketteires or more or lesse of the one or of the other as they fall out This number being so embattailed makes an Agile bodie the best to be brought to fight and two of them being ioyned neere one an other can best second and releiue each other better thē your great Phalanges which are unweeldy bodies the experience whereof was seene in the Battell of Nieuport for being once broken routed they can hardly be reallyed againe and cannot bring so many men to Fight as the Lesser Bodies doe Many of these Devisions being drawne together make a Tercia or one of the third parts of an Armie and three of them the whole For all the Officers and Souldiers of an Army are devided into three parts called Brigadoes or Tercias each of them having a severall name to witt the Vantguard the Battell the Reereguard Now that Tercia which is to march first is called the Vantguard that which marches in the midst the Battaille and that which comes vp last the Reere Everie one of them vpon a march every day takeing their turnes interchangeably for the second day of the march the Battaile becomes the Vantguard and the Reere the second day hath the Battaile and the third day the Tercia which had the Reere the first day is the Vantguard Moreover each Tercia may likewise be subdivided into a Vantguard a Battaille a Reere to the end each of them with the more convenience may be orderly brought to fight and by that Cheife which commaunds them Therefore the Battaill one of the Tercias of the Army being placed in the midst that of the Vantguard may be drawne on the right and the Reere on the left flanke of the Battaille Now the number of the devisions which each of these Tercias haue are ordered and devided after this manner two devisions before two in the midst and two behind standing aboue as you may see in some of the figures of the Battells following having six or 7 devisions placed in everie Tercia The seventh being vneven is placed as a Reserve behind the Reere to second the others in time of neede The first devisions of the Tercias standing in a right line are to give the first charge according to the order of their March The second devisions standing likewise in a right line makes likewise the second troupes and the third part of the Battaile Now these devisions are also ordered and ioyned that if the first should be overcharged and come to give ground then the second are to come vp and to releiue the first yet in such a distance as they may not hinder one an other in marching by them but finde place to come vp betwixt the first The third devisions are to be placed directly behind the second in a distance twise as as the second is from the first that if it should happen that the first division should stand behind the second that then the third might have roome enough to put it self into good order The Horse Troupes are commonly ordered the one halfe on the right the other halfe on the left flanke of the divisions and Battaillons of foote as the first figure of an Armie demonstrates And sometimes there may be Battaillions of Horse interlaced and placed betwixt the intervals and distances of the Foote as the ground and necessity may require For if an Enemies Horse should be ranged betweene his Battaillions of foote it is needefull then that the other side should observe the fame forme likewise and have horse to encounter horse least they

the Generall to the Marshall of the Field and to the Sariant Majour Generall of the Army to know how and in what manner his Colonels Regiment is to march whether in one body alone or else in two devisions ioyned with others Whereupon he gives order how the Regiment is to be marshalled and ordered in what forme the Companies are to draw and when upon any service they are disbanded how to really them again as is required He receives his orders and commands either immediately from the Generall as is said or from the Marshall or Sarjant Maiour Generall whether the Regiment be to march in the Avantguard Battle or Reere he ought to have some knowledge how the Countrie lies through which the Army is to march whether over a spacious Campaignie in battail or through narrow passages woods over rivers or the like by drawing out of files as the ground and passage will afford as also what order and forme the Regiment is to keepe if they should be charged with Horse have Ordnance playing upon them or being troubled with baggage Jn the presence of his Colonel and lieutenant Colonel he is to be an assistant to them in seeing all orders and directions executed and performed and in the absence of them both to have the same authority and command as the Colonell or Lievetenant Colonell shall have In marching or embattailing he shall keepe as neere the middest of the Regiment as he can either in the Front the Reere or upon either flank so as he may best overlook and observe the order of their march or embattailling The Regiment being drawn up in devisions he gives to every Captain and Officer his place according to his Seignority and withall commands the Drum-majour and the other Drumms to beat a March and to move all at an instant and sees that the Souldiers keeps well their rankes and files and none to disbandie themselves or straggle He is to come every morning and evening to the Sarjant maiour Generall of the Army or to the Sarjant Majour of that Brigade or Tercia to receive the word and orders from him if there be no extraordinary cause to hinder him and when he hath received the word from the Serjant Majour Generall or from the Serjant Maiour of the Tercia his Colonell and Lieutenant Colonell being present in the quarter he gives them first the word and the orders and afterward delivers it over to the Sariant of every Company of the Regiment drawn in a ring according to the Seignority of their Captaines which are to come and attend upon him for the same As he doth receive directions for marching embattailling viewing of ground and placing of Guards from the Sariant Maiour Generall or the Sariant Maiour of that Brigade so he is to deliver them over to the Captaines and Officers of that regiment and to call upon them to whom it appertaines to see them duely executed Every night he is to visite all the guardes of that regiment and to keep duely the turnes of their Watches and marches that one Captaine or Company may not do more duty then an other as also in sending out Troupes upon service to the end that both the honor and the labour may be equally devided It is also his duty to speak for ammunition as powder bullets and match and for victuals for the regiment if there should be any want and to see them equally distributed to the Companies according to the proportion given out and finally to give order and proportion for the number of workemen or commanded men of the regiment which are to go to worke Of a Lieutenant Colonell THe next place above a Sariant Maiour is a Lieutenant Colonell which is an honorable charge when his Colonell is present he is to obey him in seeing all the commands and directions that are delivered by any publick officer or such as shall be within the authority of a Colonell himself to be duely executed in the absence of his Colonell having as absolute command and authority over the Regiment as the Colonell hath himselfe In marching or embattailling if the Regiment consists but of one devision whensoever the Colonell is in the head of his Regiment his place is to bring up the Reere of the Regiment but if it consists of two devisions then the Colonell leads the first and the Lieutenant Colonell the second but when his Colonell shall be in the Reere marching from an Enemy his place is then to be in the head of the Regiment Jf the Regiment consists of two Battaillons his devision is to quarter and lodge on the left hand of his Colonels and himself in the Reere of his owne Companie Of a Colonell THe Colonell of a Regiment hath a very honorable command and is called in Spanish Maestro del Campo that is one of the masters of the Feild and therefore ought to be a man of authority and respect having absolute command and authority over the Captaines and Officers of his Regiment and all such are to respect and obey his commands as fully as they would do the chiefest Commanders and ought to love and honour him which his valour wisedome and discretion will acquire him Also he is to see that all orders commands and directions which are delivered him by the publick Officers of the Army for guards marches quartering or any thing else as for matter of Iustice for ordering of the Troupes and furtherance of the service be duely executed and performed within his owne Troupes Further if he himselfe do find any mutinie or any discontented humors tending to mutinie extreme outrage or disorder or shall be by any of his Captaines Officers or Souldiers informed of any such thing he shall forthwith advertise the Lord Generall or Marshall of the Feild And if he find any other fault negligence or swarving from the directions or policy of the Army set down he shall straightway acquaint them by whom such direction came or was to come unto him or some other superior Officer and shall produce the party so offending with the Witnesses and Proofes that order may be given forthwith and Iustice done And if he faile to give this information of any thing he knows or heares of he shall be thought deeply faulty and if any such things passe without his knowledge he shall be thought of worse government then befits a man of his place and charge Vpon marches the Colonell shall be at the end of his Troupes that is next to the Enemy in the head of his Regiment going towards an Enemy and in the Reere comming off and is not to go from thence except it be for the ordering of his Troups or for some extraordinary occasion as to attend the Generall or the chiefe officers of the field He is also to see and command the Officers of his Regiment that their men be well armed and duely exercised A Colonell being one of the chiefe Officers of the Feild ought to be called to take councell and advice

good distance without and there to stand make a halt till the Battell the Reere be also drawne out in obseruing a con venient distance betweene them In the interim the Ordinance Carriages waggons baggage that belongs to the Armie are likewise drawne out and put into order And the Guides Scouts and Pyonniers sent out before into the Countrie to discouver and to set out Centinels of Horse vpon all passages and heigths while the Armie is a marching forwards The Master of the Ordinance being present Commaundeth where the Ordinance and the traine of Carriages belonging to them shall march And giveth order to the Conductours Inferiour Officers to march forward as the nature propriety of the waies wil permit And if there be any rough waies which are to be explained he Ordaines the Captaine of the Pioniers and his men to make them plaine even likewise all the waggons of Amunition Victuals with the baggage are put in order by the Carriage Master conductours of the traine but the waggons and Carrs belonging to the horse they are ordered by their Officers to march according to the seignority of everie Regiment How the Artillerie and the Carriages are to March The Ordinance marches first with all the Carriages and the Pyonniers are alwaies by them having noe other waggons mingled among them so march in their order onely with one waggon before them laden with spades shovels Axses hachets hand biles and other instruments to make the wayes to explaine the ground ditches after which is drawne an Instrument which doth make a rut vpon the waye to show which vvay the Canon is to passe The lesser lighter pecces of Ordinance layd vpon their Carriages follovves the said Instrument aftervvard the great peeces dravvne upon block-vvaggons vvhen there is no danger but expecting to be encountred by an Enemie they dravv them vpon their Carriages for feare of loosing time in mounting them least an Enemie might fall suddenly vpon some part of the Armie Next after the Ordinance follovves the vvaggons vvith Instruments Tooles for Carpenters and Smiths the vvaggons laden vvith Bullets povvder and match and after them vvaggons vvith Pikes and muskets all vvhich being passed then follovves the vvaggons belonging to the Generall of the Ordinance his Inferiour Officers And after them all the vvaggons laden vvith munition for the Ordinance the Armie the vvaggons laden vvith Victuals provisions vvaggons for the sick and hurt and last of all the baggage belonging to the Officers of the vvhole Armie But vvhen necessitie requires some Feild peeces marches before in the head of the Armie vvhen an Enemie is expected to fall on vvith vvhich there marches some vvaggons laden vvith povvder match and Bullets to be vsed vpon any occasion All the Ordinance carriages and baggage being thus ordered and the armie devided into the Vantguard the Battell and the Reere the Sariant Maiours of the foote Regiments and the Commissaries of the Horse Troupes having order shevves vvhich vvay they are to leade the Troupes that they may give noc hindrance one to an other the Generall or the Sariant Maiour Generall gives Command that the Vantguard shall begin to march and sends out before it Guides light horsemen to discouver the passages yet so that they ride not so farre afore but that they keepe alvvaies vvithin sight of the Vantguard that vpon the discouverie of an Enemie they may advertize and givi them vvarnin of it in time The Vantguard then as is sayd hath commonly some small peeces of Ordinance marching before it vvhich likevvise may happen before the Battell in the Reere of all vvith a greater number of horse and foote as the necessitie may require so that the three Tercias of the Armie are all of thē provided vvith Ordinance vvhere it is thought most needeful and vvhere it is imagined an Enemie may give an attempt either vpon the Front the Reere or vpon either of the Flankes for vvhich one can give noe certaine rule but must defend themselves in that place vvhere the occasion presenteth it selfe When a Campagnie Heath or Feild is spacious and large then one may march in full Battaile by divisios close by one an other in good order vvhich an Enemy perceiving it may be he dares not offer battell othervvise every devision Battaeillion may march by it selfe vvith more ease and liberty then vvhen they are ioyned close together yet so that in case of necessity they may easely be dravvne vp together as likevvise the Ordinance baggage dravvne to that place vvhere they may be safest and best defended by the troupes if an Enemy should giue an attempt vpon them The vvaggons ought to be dravvne vp and ranged into eight or ten rancks close one to an other that they may march vvithout hindring one an other and the Ordinance may march vpon one of the flankes of the Armie and some Feild peeces before if necessity should require vvithout hindring or putting the rest of the vvaggons into disorder vvhich the Master of the Ordinance or the Carriage Master ought to Consider vvell and take a speciall care of The Chiefe Officer vvhich Commaundeth the Reereguard gives order that some Troups of light horsemen shall march vvith in sight of the vvhole Reere especially vvhen they are to passe over a Heath or Campagnie but the Countrie having mountaines hils vallies in it then the horse may be commaunded to march sometimes in the Vantguard sometimes in the Reere of all the Armie and keepe such vvatch and centinels vpon the highest places that an Enemy may not discouver the strength of the Armie as it passeth or in vvhat order it marches When the armie is to march throug some narrovv passages the Vantguard is commōly strengthened vvith some foote or Ordinance dravvne vp before it least an Enemie migt surprize it marches thē by files dravves vp as the conditiō of the place vvill permit In like manner the Reereguard in places of daunger ought to be strengthned as also the Battell to be ranged into such an order that the Ordinance Baggage being placed in the middest may come best to serve relieve the other Troups from vvhence they may send Harquebussiers as occasion serves to attend both vpon the Vantguard and che Reere and as the ground vvill best afford In case that the vvaies and passages be so narrovv that the Ordinance Carriages baggage takes vp so much time that the Vantguard cannot be easely seconded by the Reereguard then there may be appointed some Troupes of Reserve vvhich may march along vvith the Carriages Baggage to be disposed of in such a sort that they may the better relieve those Troupes vvhich should be overcharged by an Enemy Vpon such an occasion one ought to consider and observe vvell the nature conditiō of that passage throug vvhich the Armie is to march vvhether there be any vvindings and turnings