into the field there causing them to run to leape to iumpe to wrastle to throw the sledge to pitch the barre and such like exercises and sometimes also to learne to swim as a qualitie very befitting a souldier Moreouer they did many times cause their souldiers as well foote as horse to march armed at all points euen as it were to serue against their enemie once or twise in a moneth euery man carrying his owne prouision and victuals and giuing and receiuing the charge euen as in hostile fight and this did they for the space of ten miles fiue out and fiue home Thus with these exercises they brought their people to be able quicke and ready to serue vpon all occasions and did more good seruice with twentie thousand of such so trained and practised then with thirtie or fortie thousand of raw and vntrained men But to haue a souldier to be very perfect and a good executioner indeede it is needfull to haue bin in some good peeces of seruice to haue seene men to fall on both sides which doth flesh harden a souldier very much Finally the good Picquier ought to learne to tosse his pike well with the due handling of the same and to be skilfull therein sith it is the weapon he professeth for 100 of ready pikemen are better then 200 that know not the vse of the weapon Now the halbarders ought to be fully armed with a corslet as is the Picquier but in marching he is alwayes to beare the same on the right shoulder holding the lower end thereof with his right hand almost close to his right thigh and knee Gent. You haue well discoursed touching the caryage and handling of the calliuer musket pike and halbard But now I pray what meane you by doubling your ranke and file Capt. By ranke I meane euery row or order of men standing shoulder by shoulder either in march or squadron reaching a long from the one side of the squadron vnto the other And by file I vnderstand all the line order or row of all the souldiers standing consequently one after another from front to the traine either in march or squadron Now the doubling of ranke or file is thus First suppose your company to be of 100 pikes as for the shot we will speake of hereafter and you would bring them into a iust square of men first search out the Cubike roote of your number and it is 10 then after the first order you shall cause them by the sound of the drum to embattell to march vp in single files at 10 men in euery file the head man of euery 10 to be a Caporal or Cabo de Camera and as the first 10 is come vp vnto the place where you meane to frame your squadrō cause them to make Alto then cal vp the second file at 10 per file causing them to march vp close pouldron to pouldron of the first tē and there to firme stand then the third file then the fourth and so consequently the rest vntill your squadron be formed your ensigne marching vp in the middle file as in this figure may appeare Here you see them drawne vp in single files at 10 men in euery file and so your squadron is framed 10 files and 10 rankes or 10 in flanke and 10 in front An other order is thus you may march them vp in 2 3 4 or 5 files at once and 10 rankes for the number euen or od importeth nothing if at 2 files at once then are they marched vp and framed at fiue commings vp if at 3 files at once then at three marchings vp at 3 files per Maniple which make 9 files and 1 single file at 10 men per file which maketh your iust square of men Now if you will march them vp by 4 files at once they are 2 marchings or Maniples at 4 files 10 rankes and one Maniple at 2 files per Maniple and so againe is your squadron formed And againe if you would march them vp by 5 files at once and 10 rankes they come vp in 2 Maniples and so is your squadron iustly framed Your squadron being thus framed set at 10 rankes 10 files thē to double the rankes you shall cause vpon an other sound of the drum those of the second ranke to step in betwixt them of the first ranke beginning either vpon the left or right hand first as you will and the 4 ranke to double the 3 and againe the 6 ranke to double the 5 and the 8 ranke to double the 7 and finally the 10 to double the 9 so shall your battell or squadron come to be 20 in breadth and 5 in length or depth or 20 files and 5 rankes which is in forme of a battell of double front as by these figures appeareth Here you see the rankes doubled into 20 files and 5 rankes Then cause them vpon another sound of the drumme to fall of or backe againe into their former places and so to double againe vpon the other hand and fall off againe Now to double the file cause the second file to double the first either vpon the left or right hand as it shall please you to begin and the fourth file to double the third and the sixt the fift and the eight the seuenth and the tenth file to double the ninth as in these figures following may appeare And here you may see the file doubled reduced into fiue files at 20 men per file vpon the right hand the like you shal cause them to do vpon the left hand hauing first caused them to fall off from their file bringing them into their former square againe Then shall you go vnto the traine of your battell or squadron and vpon another sound of the drumme you shall command all your souldiers to turne their faces vpon a sudden towards you then causing them to double both ranke file that way as you did the other way before thus with a litle paines taking and practise you shall soone bring your souldiers to be ready and skilfull in these alterations of formes and many more The like may be done with any other greater numbers either in battels or battallion or by making the front of any flanke Gent. But to what end serueth all this Capt. Marie to many good purposes For the first order of doubling the ranks besides the readinesse it breedeth in the souldiers doth serue to alter vpon a sudden your grand square of men into a square of ground or into a battell of double front and to many other purposes in framing of many small battallions one grand square And againe the second order in doubling of the files doth serue to many such other purposes as if vpon a sudden your foot enemy shall come to charge you vpon the flanke then by doubling their files and suddenly turning their faces vpon the enemie they shall make of flanke
the front and so bee ready with double hands either to receiue or giue the charge For those battels of square of ground or battels of double fronts do bring many hands to fight at once being verie aduantagious for footmen against footmen as reason and experience proueth and sheweth And againe if you draw or diuide your battell or battallions into maniples to march through straights or narrow passages this order of doubling the files is verie ready and auaileable as thus If your battel or squadron be of 5184 pikes whose square roote is 72 now your passage will permit but 8 men to march in front then must you diuide your square root 72 by 8 so commeth it to be 9 maniples of 8 men in rank or breadth And say yet againe that the straight or passage doth fall yet more narrow or straighten lesse then to containe 8 men in front thē cause euery maniple at the verie entring of the straight to double their files and so of 8 you shall make 4 files per maniple the which being shouldred vp close together will containe no more roome in breadth then the 8 did before And hauing passed the straight cause them to fall into their former proportion and so maniple after maniple in passing the straight Gen. But if the squadron or maniple were of od nūbers it wold not so fal out Capt. That importeth not for the od file or rank which resteth vndoubled may in passing of the straight close vp shoulder to shoulder vnto the rest obseruing their proper stations in files and if the passage will not permit that then to fall backe after the traine of their maniple hauing passed the straight to sleeue vp in file pouldron to pouldron of their fellowes and so to fall into their former proportion The like of any other od numbers may be done with very great facility Now for as much as I entend to frame both figures and tables of sundry sorts of battels and battallions in our discourse following I will at this instant bee the more briefe supposing this at this present to suffice For he which conceiueth and vnderstandeth this well may do the like with any other numbers great or small Gent. And what course do you appoint the shot belonging to those numbers of pikes to obserue in these alterations of proportion Capt. The shot appertaining vnto euerie such number may be practised in the like or semblable sort either alone by themselues or placed in two grand sleeues along by the flanks of their squadron or battallions As for example If vnto the former number of 100 pikes there were proportioned suted 100 shot calliuer and musket these would I draw out into 5 per rank which would make 20 ranks Those 20 ranks would I cut off or deuide in the middest so should I haue 10 ranks for to sleeue the one flanke of the battallion and 10 ranks for the other flanke at 5 men per ranke or 5 files in euery ranke which is all one These 2 sleeues being placed may be doubled with the pikes by ranke or file for practise sake only But if you were engaged to fight with the enemie I would wish all great sleeues of shot to be deuided into many small troupes the one still to second another as hereafter shall be declared shewed And lo here another order the 2 grand sleeues being al musketiers as the battell or battalliō doth aduance march on toward the enemy comming once within reach of the musket then the first ranks of these sleeues of muskets many discharge in marching in this sort The first ranks stepping some two or three paces forward there those of the right sleeue to step one halfe pace toward the right hād those of the left sleeue one half pase toward the left hand hauing in the meane space made themselues ready and cocked their matches then with readinesse expedition all those of thē first ranks their muskets being vpon their rests or forks to discharge at once and keep their station charge againe permitting other rankes to proceed before them Then presently those of the second ranke to step vp iust before the first rank as the battell or battallion marcheth and so to discharge as their former fellowes had done before then the 3. rank before the 2. the 4. before the 3. and so all the other ranks consequently with this kind of double march and at the traine of the last rank those of the first to follow vp againe and so consequently the rest But if it chance their squadron of pikes to be distressed forced to retire they are to discharge at the enemy retiring backe vpon a countermarch as these figures following shal plainlie denote vnto you the maner and order The First Figure The second Figure with the Muskets discharging in marchings The third Figure vpon the retrait the shot discharging vpon a Counter-march There is yet another order of discharging of troupes of Muskets in vollie the which I haue seene vsed by the Italian and Spaniard thus Your Musketiers being deuided into sundrie troupes of 30 40 or 50 in a troupe the one to second the other then the two first troupes standing vpon the two angles of your squadron or battell may bee drawne vp by two officers by three foure or fiue at the most in a ranke and the said officers being at a sufficient distance to discharge shall cause the Musketiers to close somewhat neere shoulder to shoulder and so wheeling them about in figure of a halfe Moone shall at their due semi-circle or halfe compasse cause the Musketiers to make Alto and clapping their muskets on their rests close one by an others shoulder and each one hauing a care to his forefellowes they shall at one instant discharge altogether at one vollie vpon the enemy and so retire giuing place to other troupes the maner and forme whereof shall by these figures following appeare Troupes or squadras of muskets at 50. per troupe 5. in ranke Gent. Your calliuers or small shot would you haue them to discharge in these maners and orders before spoken of and figured Capt. No but I would with the calliuers or small shot to be deuided into sundry small troupes of 20 30 40 or 50 in a troupe and by their seuerall officers to be led vp and to skirmish in single file discharging readily one after another in file and so wheeling about vpon the left hand to retire giuing place vnto others to second them and to fall into their forme of troupe againe and then recharging aduisedly to be ready to come vp to second others as their turne commeth of which maner of small troupes shall often in our discourses following be denoted and shewed Now to conclude these orders of training I will set downe one point more to be obserued by one single company or two or three companies ioyntly comming into the Corps de
following Then besides this let him place 32 rankes of the arraies of the vnarmed pikes at the backes of the armed pikes so many as they be rankes in length in the battell of the vnarmed pikes as in the 8 table before figured appeareth afterward let him go from hand to hand drawing out of the arraies 32 rankes of vnarmed pikes and set them one by another shoulder to shoulder as I haue demonstrated in the 12 figure and as I will shew you in this 13 figure And there will yet remaine 8 armed men to place where you shall thinke good Aduertising you that if you should haue set the 72 armed men which before remained at the head or tayle of the battell it would not haue reached vnto one whole or full ranke vnto the breadth of the battell for an intire ranke of the inner part of the battell in breadth is 95 men that is so many as the breadth of the vnarmed pikes do containe Thus the battell declared by the aforesayd 17 figure will be in length 46 rankes at 108 men per ranke in breadth with the 7 rankes of armed pikes in the front and 7 rankes in the reareward and with 8 men per ranke of armed pikes on the one flanke and 7 men by ranke of armed pikes on the other flanke as in the aforesayd 17 figure appeareth with the 8 men which remained placed in the body of the battell Gent. Assuredly Captaine this order seemeth wonderfull good But now vnto the other two orders which you spake of Cap. Touching the second maner of framing of battels First the calculation or table of the battell must be had in memory as before is sayd in what proportion the said battell would be framed and the army marching company by company as I will shew you in the 18 figure euery captaine shall be commanded by the Sergeant maior to make so many rankes of their pikes as the length of the battell shall containe as in the 18 and 19 figures shall appeare Now let vs suppose the sayd battell to containe in length 52 rankes with 10 rankes of armed pikes at the head and as many at the trayne as is shewed in the declaration of the ninth and 14 figures and that euery Captaine doe make 52 rankes with 10 armed pikes before and 10 behind as in the 18 figure is shewed And if any Captaine be found which hath not to accomplish that number let him ioyne with another Captaine and betwixt them both let them make vp that number of 52 rankes This being done Captaine by Captaine shall set their rankes shoulder to shoulder the one of the other and shall so frame the battell 52 rankes in length with 10 armed pikes by ranke before and 10 behind After that shall bee framed the battell as I will shew you in this 20 figure following This being done one of the 4 Caporals of the field shall go vnto the head and another vnto the reareward then he which is at the head shall take away from the front of the battell 3 rankes of armed pikes and arme therewith one of the flankes at 7 men per ranke in length adioyning vnto them the 28 armed pikes which he lacketh to furnish out the length of 46 rankes at 7 men per ranke as is said in the declaration of the 9 figure And the other Caporall or officer which is at the traine of the battell He also shall take away or draw foorth from the traine 3 rankes of armed pikes and arme with them the other side or flanke at 6 men per ranke in length of 46 rankes So shall the battell bee formed 46 rankes long at 108 men per ranke in front or breadth with 7 ranks of armed pikes in frōt as many in traine with 7 armed men per ranke on the one flanke with 6 men by ranke on the other flanke armed pikes as I shewed in the 8 figure of the table and also in the 21 figure following And there will remaine out of the body of the battell 32 men and they shall bee placed as I sayd in the last of the third order at the beginning moreouer there remaines 72 armed men You must note and conceiue that in the 18 figure where the companies do march one after another by fiue in a ranke and in the 19 figure where they do come vp shoulder to shoulder to the framing of the battell as may appeare although the full number of companies do not there appeare as is requisit yet it is to be conceiued that they do consequently one follow another but want of rome in paper cutteth them off And the 72 armed pikes remaining which are of the number contained within the body of the battell shall be placed either in the foure corners of the vnarmed pikes as in the 16 figure may be seene or else in each of the two sides or flankes as in the 17 figure appeareth where there is one ranke adioyned vnto the one flanke and another vnto the other flanke or else you may arme and strength with the same 72 armed pikes any one of the flankes as neede or occasion shall require Gent. You haue described the first and second order of imbattailing excellent well in mine opinion therefore I pray proceede to the third Capt. The maner of the third order is thus When the armie is caused to march Maniple by Maniple with their armed pikes in vantgard and rearegard of euery particular Maniples and with one Maniple all of armed pikes which marcheth in the vantgard of the Maniples which haue their vnarmed pikes in their middle or center the which Maniples of all armed pikes is that which serueth to arme the one flanke of the battell Besides this there marcheth another Maniple of all armed pikes after all the Maniples and this Maniple serueth to arme the other flanke of the battell And the Maniples must march the one after the other as in the figure appeareth Now there resteth how to bring those into Maniples of this last order which do march in the full length of the battell with their armed pikes in front and traine the which shalbe done in this sort Let it be supposed as the 17 figure of the second order doth shew that there shall be drawne foorth 15 men in ranke of armed pikes in length of the battel which serue to arme the two flanks out of 108 men per ranke the breadth of the battell there resteth 93 men per ranke for breadth or front And these 93 must be diuided into so manie parts as one would that the Maniples should march in ordinance or arraies the one after another as the way will permit Aduertising you that although I haue giuen order and examples to arme the front traine and both flankes of the battell in forme and manner as I haue set downe in the 24 and 25 figures with placing the armed pikes which remained out of them which armed the front traine and both the flankes of
your owne squadrons vpon their retrait as in folio 72 is described Gent. What quantitie of ground shall these battels and battallions require Capt. I haue sayd before that vnto euery picquier at the time of ioyning the charge is to be allowed for his station in front or breadth that is from shoulder to shoulder at the least 3 foote and for depth that is for before and after 7 foote at the least for his owne station and for the vse of this weapon And the voide spaces betwixt the battallions are to containe in breadth as much as do the battallions of the second front within the which they are to aduance and passe so is it easily to be calculated what quantity of ground such order of battels and battallions will require Moreouer it must be considered that there must be a conuenient space of ground remaine betweene the traine of the first order of battallions and the front of the second order and in like sort from the traine of the second order vnto the front of the third◠order as some 20 or 25 pases betwixt each or such as the ground will permit or occasion require Gent. What place is the generall and other chiefe commanders to keepe in these orders of fightes or are they to be on horsebacke or on foote Capt. The Lord generall is to be well mounted and the Campe-Maister Generall and Sergeant Maior Generall are to bee mounted on good geldings Andadoras and not Corradoras Whereby they may speedily passe from place to place especially the Campe-maister and Sergeant Maior generall to execute the Lord Generals commands to keepe the squadrons in order and to redresse the disordered as in such occurrants shall be requisite The Generall his place is commonly in the space vpon the front of the second order of the battallions from whence he may most conueniently send his directions and orders to do the which besides the Campe-maister and Sergeant Maior Generall his Trumpet and chiefe Drummer he is to haue attendant vpon him certaine expert gentlemen both on horsebacke and on foote The Colonels of euery foote regiment are with their companies to serue on foote being arraunged to fight their due place is the right angle of the first ranke of their squadrōs their Lieutenants in the left angle of the same ranks the Captaines and other inferiour officers in ranke also as their place requireth as more at large in their seuerall duties is declared But in case that a Colonell were in any peece of seruice with his regiment alone then is hee to employ the place and office of a Generall for the present seruice The Ensignes are to be placed in the centre or neare the center towards the formost rankes of euery battell or battallion and to stand in ranke also Finally of these 12000 pikes and short weapon there is reserued out about 1000 to serue to other purposes as to gard the artillery munition and impediments and such other peeces of seruice There is yet another order of deuiding an army into sundry small battallions or squadrons of one kind each squadron containing 100 pikes 10 in front and 10 deepe embattailed by single files of 10 men in euery file the order and manner whereof is in folio 38 42 43 particularly described Gent I pray how should a regiment or many or an army be martialled or embattailled after this maner Capt. If you wold haue all your army deuided into battallions or squadrons of that kind then are the Colonels of euery particular regiment to cause the companies of their regiment to embattel themselues vpon a sound of the drumme in such smal battallions or squadrons of 100 pikes in euery squadron 10 in front and 10 deepe as in folio 38 39 and 4 may appeare And suppose that the 24000 footmen were reparted into 20 regiments after 1200 into euery regiment of the which 1200 men there is 600 picquiers those 600 picquiers are to be embattailed into 6 small squadrons of 100 in each squadron at 10 in front and 10 deepe Being thus embattailed into sundry small squadrons of one kind they may with great facility be brought into any proportion you will as by these figures following may appeare Where you see embattailed the picquiers of three regiments seueral into their smal squadrons of 100 in each squadron at 10 in front and 10 deepe all in one front In the first figure you may behold 3 regiments embattailed into 18 small squadrons in the second figure behold the same reduced into a battell of double front or into a due square of ground which is twice so many men in front as in flanke and in the 3 figure you may see the said 3 regiments brought into a iust square of men that is as many men in breadth as in depth the order whereof is thus The first regiment being embattailed into 6 small squadrons and placed in one equall front the second regiment being embattailed in the like maner is to march vp vnto the traine of the first 6 squadrons there ioyning squadron with squadron and answering file with file After them againe is the other last 6 squadrons to march vp vnto the traine of those 6 middle squadrons and placed euen squadron with squadron and file with file so that of these three regiments there is made one body of a battell of broade front or due square of ground which is twice so many men in breadth as in depth as by the second figure may appeare Finally if you shold be occasioned to reduce the said three regiments into one grand battell of equall proportion or due square of men then place 4 of these small squadrons in one front on whose traine 4 other squadrons are to march vp and then againe 4 others and lastly the last foure squadrons so that squadron with squadron and file with file may equally answere one another as in the third figure may appeare Where of 16 of these small squadrons is framed a battell in proportion of equality which is so many men in depth as in front and there remaineth out two small squadrons the which are to serue to other purposes either for a supplie or to other seruices Thus haue you seene these three regiments embattailed and brought into sundry proportions Likewise in the same maner may a whole army be ranged and ordered by good conductors into sundry battallions and distinguished either into one two or three fronts as the iust occasions and the iudicious intendement of the good commander shall concurre and find conuenient Gent. By describing vnto vs these seuerall orders of reparting an army into sundry battallions squadrons ye haue contented vs wonderfull well it seemeth in mine opinion much aduantagious being discretly and orderly handled But how should the shot due vnto those regiments be placed and ordered Cap. The shot belonging vnto these regiments deuided into sundry battels battallions and squadrons should be reparted into
affront sith it is done for corrections sake Gent. In what part ought the Sergeant Maior to stand or go when the armie doth march Capt. The ordinarie place of the Colonell is the vanguard and so the Sergeant Maior being his officer by whom he sendeth his Commaundes vnto the Captaines Ensignes and Officers ought alwayes to be neare vnto his person Gent. But if the enemy be knowen to be behind or after your rereward Capt. In such case he shall remaine in the rereward but to assist there in such sort as he forget not to make the Alto or stand sometimes and to stay vntill he hath passed through all the arrayes of the marching squadrons or armie And if he finde that the Sergeants do not their duties in keeping the souldiers in good order and array he shall seuerely reprehend them for the same being a thing of such importance and that no negligence be found in conseruing due order and array so that none might be broken if possible it were And if the arrayes be broken as somtimes it happeneth by reason of the straight passages it behoueth him to be very ready vigilant to redresse them againe and if to do the same it should neede to make a stand an officer is presently to be sent to the Sergeant Maior and neither Captaine Alferes nor any other officer to passe the word stand either to this effect or any other as it oftentimes falleth out crying stand or march from hand to hand vnlesse the necessitie be so vrgent as not permitting time to signifie the same vnto the Camp-maister or Sergeant Maior For by reason of this abuse of euery officer to passe and giue the word vpon euery small occasion there do succeede many inconueniences and is as much as to vsurpe the preheminēce which onely is due to the Camp-master as head of the Regiment and vnto the Sergeant Maior as guide of the battell And therefore it is very necessarie that the souldier or officer which so shall do to be well punished for the same And the Sergeant Maior is to be carefull that the Captaines and souldiers which are on horsebacke do alight set themselues into the arrayes a good myle before they come vnto their allodgement the which ought to be first viewed by himselfe or his coadiutor somewhat before the companies do arriue and at their arriuing to frame his battell in the place thereof and not to suffer any souldier to passe vnto his quarter or to dismaunde himselfe in the order vntill the whole Regiment be all entred and he or his coadiutor in his name comming vnto the companies do licence them to their lodgings and quarter The which ensignes are placed in the front of the quarter of euery company all in one ranke and from thence downeward the souldiers to be lodged And the Sergeant Maior shall not permit nor suffer any cariage or baggage to be put before them nor pestered within the place of armes neither any fire to be there made nor any other impediments for from thence forward it is onely a place of armes or assembly and is to bee left free and vnpestered for onely the battell when it is to be set THE SECOND DIALOGVE VVherein is declared of the encamping of an army the placing of the corps de guardes scoutes and Sentinels their seuerall duties the order of visiting and reuisiting the Sentinels and their relieuing and changing the order of giuing and taking the word with sundry other martiall points appertaining to such cases Gentleman IN lodging and emcamping the regiments or army the which being setled the Sergeant Maior what is he then to do Capt. Presently to draw forth a corps de guard about threescore or fourescore pases from the face of the encamping of some fiue and twenty or thirtie souldiers and those are to bee of one of the companies which was of the watch the night before sith that vntill a fresh watch doe enter and the 24 houres bee fully accomplished it appertaineth vnto them that entred therein before except a whole company be set there by day to the ward and in such case it belongeth to the companies of shot if there be any particular shot companies in the campe And this Corps de guarde which is to bee drawne out is to be set in the selfe same place where the company of the watch is to bee placed at night This being done hee is to reknowledge his quarters very well and to see if there be any neede to raze plaine any places that the souldiers may commodiously sallie foorth to the Alarme for it falleth out many times that the companies be lodged in orchards gardens vine-yards and among bushes from whence they cannot come but with some difficulty the which he is to redresse and to make plaine and easie any thing that may empeach and hinder the speedy setting of the battell and framing of the squadrons which as well for this purpose as for the fortifying of the campe and leuelling the wayes and passages for the artillery with such other seruices there is alwayes in the campe certaine companies of pioners the iurisdiction of whom doth belong vnto the Generall of the artillery or to the Campe-maister Generall vnto whom he is to repaire to prouide him with speede of such as shall be needefull And if the whole army be there he is to go vnto the Camp-maister Generall and know of him how many ensignes of his regiment are to be put to the watch and in what place or part and what companies are to gard the munition and in other most conueniēt places for the seruice security of the campe such as are to go abroade to discouer and to scout and who are to prouide wood water and other necessaries and what companies are to assist in making the trenches and bulwarkes and other fortifications reparting the same workes amongst all the bandes of his regiment for vnworthy is he the name of a souldier which will not put to his helping hand in such cases in sort that euery one haue their share of the labour in order But if he be with his owne regiment alone it then concerneth him to reknowledge foresee and to prouide and giue order for all and to place the Sentinels in such order and distance that no man may passe out nor enter into the quarters of the alodgement without their view and sight And if his regiment be ioyntly with the other regiments or tertios of the same nation or of another he is to conioyne with the other Sergeant Maiors and consult counsell and concurre with them touching the placing of the gards and Sentinels so that there may be found no negligence nor imperfection sith all this office consisteth in care vigilancie readinesse and order It concerneth him also to go vnto the Generall for the word and to receiue the order and course to be followed the next day and to go presently vnto
renowne and fame Gent. If in fight the Ensigne be broken and the Enemie do carie away a part thereof doth the Ensigne-bearer lose thereby his reputation Capt. No not a iot so that hee keepeth the verie trunke of the staffe in his hand When the Companie doth march the Ensigne-bearer may carie his Colours resting vpon his shoulder eyther open or folded vp but making a stand or Alto he is bound by dutie to aduance the Ensigne and not to campear it or pitch it on the ground for that is the tricke of a Bisognio and doth repugne the authoritie and grauitie of his office In fights in encounters in musters and in presence of the Lord Generall he must cary his Colours displayed passing by him he must aduance it only bowing the point somewhat downward without any more ceremonies but if he passe by the king or Prince he shall withall bow somewhat one of his knees as a difference from the Generall In Ordinances or framed battels alwayes the Ensignes do march in one large or long ranke iointly in the middest of the Squadron the most place of honour is the left and right out-sides the Ensigne on the right hand carying the preheminence who giueth direction and order to the rest in this sort if hee beareth his Ensigne on his shoulder loose so are all the rest to carie theirs and if fardled vp all they are to do in the like order and so imitating him in all other maners and shewes and if he deliuereth his vnto his Abanderado and take the Halberd the rest are to do the like and the selfe same orders are to be obserued by the Auanderados for it is an vnseemly shew to see in a ranke of Ensignes different orders one from another The Abanderados are vsed to be souldiers and some do set their owne seruants to that office These ought to go well apparelled and well armed for I haue seene sometimes amongst the Spaniards the Alferes themselues to passe into other ranks to fight leauing the Ensigne with the Abanderado but I like it not for it is not lawfull for the Ensigne-bearer to leaue his Colours neither to fight but with the same in his hand and that vpon such occasions as before I haue declared no though it were to shew his valour and prowesse In the lodging the Ensigne shold be accompanied with a Corps de garde although it be in place of quiet and out of all suspition as well for the authoritie and reputation of the same as to auoyd manie inconueniences which happen to succeed through mutinies brawles and frayes It is also conuenient that the Ensigne-bearer haue alwayes with him a Drum to call his companie together and for such occasions as shall be offered for the Ensignes should be of such veneration and haue bene so respected of the Souldiers that there hath seldome bene seene any one flying to the sanctuarie thereof auoyding the Souldiers furie to bee pursued or hurt esteeming their Ensigne a thing inuiolable as it fell out in Brescia when the mutinous souldiers wold haue slain the Lord Lewes Yearts their Generall who flying to the Ensigne it was enough to cause them to leaue off so shamefull and so abhominable attempt When the Souldiers do enter into any Corps de gard either in Castle towne fortresse or campe they ought not to disarme themselues vntil they see their Alferes first vnarmed vpon whom they should haue their eyes fixed to imitate as they haue vpon the Ensigne he beareth to follow wherefore the Ensigne-bearer is not to disarme vntil the gates of the Fort or place of defence wherein they are be first shut if it be in campe or field when it seemeth that he may safely do it not otherwise to the end that the souldiers take not example from him of vnsoldiarie negligence and slouth but rather of all vigilancy care and paine Gent. You haue largely set downe the aduertisements touching this Officer wherein you haue notified many martiall points vnknowne to vs therfore I pray proceed to the Lieutenants office and dutie Capt. This Officer amongst the Spanish companies is not vsed but amongst vs the Italians French therfore I will touch somewhat of him by the way The Lieutenant his office and duty He therefore that is chosen to this office ought to be a man of great experience fidelity and valour who in the absence of his Captaine carieth his roome charge and command vnto whom the souldiers and vnder-officers are to obey for the time as vnto the Captaine himselfe notwithstanding he must vse it with such discretion and moderation that he arrogate not too much vnto himselfe but at his Captaines returne he shall with all loue truth and dutie enforme him of all things and matters passed If any questions and ciuill debates do arise amongst the souldiers of his band he is to pacifie iudge and determine the same with grauity and good speeches whereby he shall binde them more firmely vnto him in obedience and loue and when as he cannot concert and agree them he is to referre them ouer vnto his Captaine but the most faultie and offenders hee may cause to be apprehended and send them to the Colonell or Marshall It is his charge and office to see that the Company be prouided of all necessaries aduertising the Caporals to see well to their charges and aduising the Sergeant to be diligent carefull and ready in his office wherein he shall ayd help assist him both in ordering the company and in setting the watch the which he is precisely bound to perform himself in the Sergeāts absence or time of infirmity He is to passe with the Companie vnto the Corps de garde to see the watch and Sentinels set and often times to visite and reuisite the same and to perswade the souldiers to respect with obedience their Sergeant and Caporals wherefore it importeth him to be well spoken discreet and wise to moue perswade them with sound reasons to the obseruation and obedience of Militarie discipline disburdening thereby his Captaine of manie and sundrie toiles It toucheth him also to see the souldiers appointed to their lodgings giuing order for the same vnto the Harbenger and how he shall distribute the baggage and cariage amongst the particular souldiers and the sicke men carefullie to bee looked vnto not suffering these Harbengers or Furriers to rob purloine and filch as they are wont to do whereby great scandals do arise as at the rising of the Vlishingers and in sundrie other places hath appeared His place of march his Captaine being present is in the Rere-ward of all the company but after any fight or skirmish in retiring marching out of the field he is to passe before and the Captaine in the rere-ward Now for as much as by that as shall be declared in the ordinarie Captaines office may easily bee vnderstood the dutie of this officer hauing the whole
some most conuenient place together then and there to be instructed in the orders how to march how to encampe and how to fight deuiding them into so many parts or battaillions as vnto their chiefe Officer shall seeme good Gent. What course would you wish the Captaine of a single companie to obserue in the trayning of his souldiers Capt. First hauing his companie leauied and chosen of the better sort of people as is said let your rawe Captaine for so I terme those which neuer were in action prouide himselfe if possible he may of a good Lieutenant and a sufficient Sergeant and a skilfull Drummer Then let his people be suted with such sort of weapon as is appointed The which I would wish to be as I haue said before to euery hundred of men 25. muskets 25. Calliuers and 40. or more of pikes and corslets and the rest short weapon as halberds swordes and targets and such like Now hauing suted euery man with a conuenient weapon I would wish your Muster-maister if your Captaine haue not the skil for your Muster-master ought to be a man of experience first to declare vnto them the partes that ought to be in a souldier in generall as before is declared then to ensigne them the right carriage of their armes and weapon then to knowe the seuerall soundes of the Drumme next to learne to keepe his ranke and file orderly and so to march eyther swift or slowe step by step with the sound of the Drumme then how to keep their array being cast into a ring or any other forme with the comming out againe and returning into a counter-ring and out of the same into a march and counter-march then how to make their Alto or stand and how to double their rankes vntill they bring themselues into a iust square of men if their numbers will permit it and how to double their â—â—les eyther vpon the left or right hand and so to fall off againe both from file and ranke and being in squadron how to turne their faces on either or any part making front on any flank or traine as occasion shall be offered Then the perfect vse and managing of euerie weapon in his due nature and kind and so by a continuall vse they may by good instructers become soone to be ready souldiers Gent. Here be manie good parts vnder a few words but they are too briefe for me to vnderstand wherefore I pray dilate more at large thereof and first what meane you by the cariage of his weapon Cap. To discourse vpoÌ„ al these points particularly it wold be ouer long might better be shewed in act theÌ„ in words yet to satisfie you somewhat herein I will speak of the particulars here there as I shal be occasioned shal cal theÌ„ to memory First therfore the soldier that is appointed to cary a calliuer is first to be ensigned how to cary his peece vpon his left shoulder with his flaske at his girdle or haÌ„ging by at Port-flask or Flask-leather vpoÌ„ the right thigh vpoÌ„ the left side of his girdle to haue his touchboxe fastened by the string hanging downe somwhat long by the strings sufficient to be taken and to prime his peece with touch-powder and on his right side a Bullet bagge or purse of canuas or leather for bullets Also some three or foure yards of match in seuerall peeces hanging at his girdle with one peece of match of a yard long in his left hand holden fast by the third finger of the same hand hauing the one or both the endes of the same lighted or fired Also to be prouided of a priming iron or wyer of a steele and flint stone to strike fire vpon any suddaine occasion either to spare the burning of match or to fire their matches if the same do chance to go out Then how to charge his peece either with his flask or bandelier theÌ„ to let slip the bullet down into the barrell after the powder and to ramme the same with paper tow or such like thrusting the same downe with the scouring stick if time will permit or else a more readier way thus After that the bullet is slipped downe vnto the powder to put after the same some two or three cornes of powder which will wedge fast the bullet This being done let him hold his Calliuer with his left hand as in his charging hee ought to do the like griping the same by the stocke somewhat neare vnder the cock betwixt his thombe and foure fingers then holding the nose of his peece somwhat vpward for not to endaÌ„ger his fellows to take the one end of his lighted match with his forefinger midle finger thoÌ„be of his right haÌ„d so to cock the same hauing a regard that it may fall due within the pan finally if it be a crooked stock peece to set the same vnto the left side of his breast retiring his right foot some halfe step behind the left or aduancing the left foot some halfe pace before the right and so to take his due leuel holding the hindermost part of the stocke betwixt the thombe and fore-finger of his right hand with the other three fingers to draw to the serre so to discharge his peece with agility hauing done the which to retire souldier-like and charge againe giuing place to his next fellow or seconder But being a straight stocked peece the which I hold for the better he is to place the same vpon the right side of his breast fast against his shoulder leuelling and discharging as aforesaid And for other armes he is to be fitted with a short sword and meane dagger and a Spanish morion Now the musketier is to cary his musket vpon his left or right shoulder for it importeth not much on whether so they obserue the order of the first rancke with his Forke or rest in his left hand fastned about his hand wrest or little finger by a string hauing his flask and touchbox fitted as before is sayd or hauing a bandalier the same to be ouer the left shoulder and vnder the right arme Now to charge the same he must hold his musket with his left hand hauing his rest trayling by the string and put the but end of the stocke vpon the ground then with his flaske or bandalier to charge his peece with powder slipping downe the bullet into the barrell after the same and to fasten it with two or three cornes of powder as is aforesayd then to clappe the musket into his forke planting the lower end or pike of the rest into the ground neare vnto his left foote and resting the but ende of the stocke vpon his left thigh then to prime his pan with touch powder And hauing his match ready as before is sayd to take the peece of match that hangeth by the midle or third finger of his left hand betwixt the thombe
and fore finger of his right hand and with his middle finger to measure at what length to cocke the same to fall with a proportioned length into the pan The which being done let him retire his right foote somwhat backe and stand firme vpon the same and holding fast both the musket and rest with his left hand to raise the but end of his musket from his thigh vnto his breast and to fasten the same firme and close vnto his right shoulder and brest holding fast the sayd hinder part of the stocke betwixt his right thombe and fore finger drawing downe the serre with the other three fingers and so taking due leuell to discharge Hauing performed the which let him vncocke his match clap his musket vpon his shoulder with a halfe turne and so retire trailing his rest or forke by the stringe and giuing place to others go charge again finally for other armes a reasonable short sword a meane dagger with no morion but a faire hat and feather Gent. Thus I perceiue your fiery shot haue many busie skils without knowledge of all the which it is hard to become a perfect shot Capt. True and therefore often to be practised But here let the muster-maister and trayning Captaine be well aduised not to suffer their shot to cary any bullet about them in time of their trainings and fained skirmishes for feare of danger that might thereby ensue among themselues But now and then after their training to take euery shot single and to see him charge his peece orderly with pouder and bullet as aforesaid and hauing a great but erected to that purpose the which ought to be in euery hundred or Baily-wicke to cause them to leuell and discharge at the blancke thereof orderly one after another encouraging those which do make the fairest shot Now for the Pike which the Spaniards do tearme SenÌ„ora y Reyna de las armas the Queene and mistresse of weapons The souldier which carieth the same is to bee well armed with a good corslet furnished with his gorget Morion tasses pouldrons vambraces and gauntlets also to be armed as he ought to be whatsoeuer opinion other men may hold to the contrary supposing a bare payre of Cuyrasses onely sufficient but I am of opinion that the armed Picquier ought to bee armed in all points as I haue said for defence and then to offend to be weaponed with a good Pike of ground Ashe of seuenteen or eighteen foote long at the least well and strongly headed with the cheekes three foote long or there about and for other weapon to weare a good short sword and dagger for the dagger is a weapon of great aduantage in Pell mell And if it be replied that the souldier so heauie armed is not for any great march or speedy execution I say that among well ordered Regiments there are also yet some vnarmed pikes that is without any corslet or at the most the bare cuyrats onely and morion the which the Italians do call Picche secche Now these are reserued imployed in such peeces of light seruice And the Picquier either armed or vnarmed is to be shewed and taught the carriage and vse of his pike as first to tertiar or carry the same orderly vpon his shoulder holding the same with his foure fingers vpon the vpper part of the staffe his thombe vnder the staffe neare vnto his shoulder basing downe the blunt end thereof to aduaunce the point and poizing the pike with an equall poize vpon his thombe and shoulder alwayes in march keeping the lower end of his pike on the one side of his foremans legge still aduertising that in march the pike is to be carried vpon the right shoulder of euery souldier throughout euery file sauing the vtmost file on the left side of the arrayes or ordinances which are to carry their pikes vpon their left shoulders onely alwayes regarding how those of the foremost rankes doe carry their weapon the rest to do the same throughout euery ranke and file following for order and forme do require the same Next hee is to be taught how to plant his pike on the ground at any stand or Alto then how to arbolare or aduaunce his pike that is to reare his pike vpright against his right shoulder and with his right hand stretched downe vnto his thigh to hold the same neare vnto the but-end betwixt his foure fingers and his thombe stretching his forefinger downeward vnto the but-end of his pike and so aduaunce the same vpright high against his right shoulder resting and staying the same with his right hand against his right thigh and knee as before is sayd Now this is to be done at such times as being brought into a Ring and serreyng close shoulder to shoulder then to aduaunce their piks in this sort at the enclosing thereof so to continue vntill they fall out of the ring againe into a larger march Also the same is vsed by some at their arriuing vnto the corps de guard at the setting of the watch before their chief Commander or officer euen as the first ranke shall arriue into the corps de guard some ten or twelue pases from the place of their stand to arbolare their pikes and so rancke after ranck carrying them in the same order vntill they come vnto their place of station there to make Alto and to plant their pikes vpon the ground as the squadron is formed But principally the souldiers marching in squadron and vpon point to come to the push of the pike with their foote enemy then are they first to aduaunce their pikes as is said bearing the same orderly with the right hand against the right thigh and the left hand aboue neare about the shoulder and so to charge vpon the left hand and push standing firme and sure vpon the left foote But if the squadron be charged with any troupes of the enemies horse then must the Picquiers cowch their pikes fast vnder the right foote holding the same 〈…〉 the left hand and bow downe the point thereof against the breast of the horâ—e hauing his right hand ready to draw his sword if occasion shall be offered Now how necessary and auayleable this continuall vse and practise is may easily be gathered from the sundry victories of the auncient Romanes Who both in their Campes and Garrisons had their Tesserarios which were as our Sergeant Maiors to ensigne and teach their people of warre the vse and managing of their armes at all idle and vacant times The old souldier sometimes once in a day and the Tirones which we terme Bisognios or new souldiers twise in the day or as occasion serued so were their people alwayes ready and perfect And againe they did not onely practise them in the knowledge of their weapons but many times also did conduct their Companies for their recreation
gard to their watch reseruing many other particular matters vntil I come to treat of the office of the Sergeant Maior where many Militarie points shall be at large discoursed You must note that euery single company marching training alone their pikes are first ranked by 3 4 5 6 or 7 or more in a rancke according to their number the number of euen or od in ranke importeth nothing as I sayd before hauing their ensigne and halbards contained within the center or middle ranke of their pikes Then the shot is to be ranked altogether with the like number of men in a ranke and then to cut them off or deuide them at the middle ranke leading the one halfe of them vnto the forefront of the pikes and there to place them in euen files with the pikes and the other halfe is to be brought vnto the traine of the pikes and there filed in like maner alwayes regarding to place the muskets of the first halfe of your shot in the formost rankes and those of the other halfe in the hindermost ranke Now thus marching on and comming to the place of Corps de gard the shot of the vantgard are to make Alto or stand then the pikes to march vp by them and the first ranke of pikes comming vnto the formost ranke of the shot to make Alto also and then the pikes to double their rankes as before is declared to bring themselues into squadron euen ranke for ranke with the shot This being done then the other shot of the rereward is to march vp vpō the other hand of the pikes ranke for ranke with the said square of pikes and so is your squadron or battallion formed as by these figures following may appeare where I suppose one or two companies together in march containing in all 100 pikes and halberds 100 shot they march on 5 per ranke the shot of the vantgard makes their stand then do the pikes march vp by them comming vnto their formost ranke of the shot do stand also and there double their rankes so are they 10 rankes and ten files lastly commeth vp the shot of the arereward garnisheth the other flanke euen ranke with ranke and so is the squadron framed and garnished with shot Thus me thinks that I haue sufficiently intreated of this order of training as for other sortes of imbattailing we will hereafter speake of as occasion shall be offered THE SECOND DIALOGVE VVherein is declared of quadrat battels both of men and ground opinions tocuhing the mingling of short weapons with the pikes and lyning of battells with the same confuted the framing of battels of pikes in three sorts the placing of shot about the batell with the places of the horse and artillery Gentleman TThen I pray passe to your other officers of warre Capt. There be many petie officers vsed amongst vs as Clarke of the band Drummer Forrage maister Scout maister Trench maister Quarter maister Caporals of the field such like of whom I will speake particularly nothing but including them vnder the charge of other superior officers of the which I will begin with the duty of a Sergeant Maior whose office is of such importance care industry and skill especially in day of battell that I must be constrained before I enter into the parts of his office to describe the orders of fights and battels most vsed in these our moderne wars as a thing most pertinent vnto the aforesaid officer touching the sundry formes of battels vsed by antiquity wherein in mine opinion the Romaines did most excell I will speake at this instant litle more then what is sayd before considering that ages times occurrents inuentions and customes haue altred and dayly doth what antiquity thought best and best assured The formes of battels in our time are not many yet euery man almost hath a seuerall opinion thereof but common reason and experience hath made most men confesse and agree that of all formes the square battell be it either of square of men or square of ground is the most assured most strong and most apt to bee reduced into any other forme Gent. What meane you by this word Battell Cap. By the word Battell I vnderstand in this place a whole vnited body of souldiers well disciplined all armed with pikes to fight in day of battell an act of armes with good hope of victory the which for more security hath the front the traine and the two flankes of complet corslets to the end that being assayled or charged they may make the face or front of any or euery side or part and valiantly receiue the charge and may also charge and breake the enemy and attaine the victory Now in this body I vnderstand neither the shot nor cauallery the which are to haue an other order to another end Gent. Are these battels framed in one sort onely or in more or in many or in how many or what maner I pray are they made Capt Your curious demand deserueth answer I tolde you before that many sorts of battels haue beene framed by valiant and expert Captaines but the best approued and most vsed now is the square battell be it either of men or ground Gent. I would gladly know the reason why they make their battels square and what is meant by square of men and square of ground Capt. Battels are made square so vsed for that they are apt to frame the Front of euery side or part which could not be if they were Triangles or of any other forme vsed by antiquitie And it doth much import that the Front be gaillard and strong for the front once broken the battell stands in hazard And againe to serrie or close Pouldron to Pouldron the square forme is best for that they close equallie together strengthen the front to the victorie And this shall suffice touching the Quadrat Now concerning the difference of square of men and square of ground I say that the square of men is when there be so many men in front as in flanke or so many in length as in breadth and this sort of battell commeth to bee in ground two times and one third more long then broade and a Quadrat of ground will bee of men two times and one third more broade then long Gent. In how many maners may these square battels be made Capt. Were the Companies all of pikes with corslets complet and not mixt with bare pikes which is not lightly to bee found the framing of any of these sorts of battels would be very ready and easie and might be soone brought into any proportion without confusion the which being of pikes armed and vnarmed will require more care labour and paines to the framing thereof Now therefore I say in three sorts or maners most auaileable and most commodiously are battels framed in these dayes consisting of armed and vnarmed pikes 1 The first manner is when an army doth march with the
fellow L following him vntill F. be his side fellow then shall H. passe forward toward D. vntill he finde C. to be his side fellow M. following H. Q. following M. Then shall I. step vp betweene D. K and N. following I R. following N and VV. following R. Likewise O shall go nearer vnto K. vntill he finde P. his right side fellow and N. on his left side S. shall follow O and X. shall follow S then shall T. proceede towardes P and Y. follow T. Lastly Z. shall step vp betweene and Y So is there framed a perfect triangle or wedge battell as in this figure following shall appeare Here haue you seene how out of a square of men hath bin first reduced a Diamant battell simple and out of the Diamant a triangle or wedge battell in perfect order to fight which is with 1. man in the first ranke 3 in the second and 5 in the third ranke so consequently augmenting 2 in euery ranke with the Ensigne in the middest Now by this order out of 2 iust squares of men are reduced 2 triangles and of two perfect Triangles is formed a Perfect Diamant battel by ioyning the two rereward parts together But first out of the one Triangle must be drawen the last ranke of all the which may be placed at the latter point of the Diamant battell or else as the Sergeāt Maior shall thinke good The figures of both which squadrons reduced into Diamant formes and from Diamants into 2 Triangles lastly adioyning the 2 Triangle backe parts together is formed a perfect Diamant battell fit to fight as by their seuerall figures here following may be seene These two squadrons shal be reduced into 2 triangles in manner as aforesaid which will be in forme following In these 6 former figures I haue declared the order how out of 2 squadrons of men to bring them into 2 Diamant formes simple and out of 2 Diamant formes single to reduce them into 2 perfect Triangles by causing all their middle ranks to march vp vntill they find their leadsman before them in their due distance the which 2 Triangles being thus perfected as in the 4 and 5 figure may appeare and ioyning the two backe parts together do make this perfect Diamant forme to fight as here by the 2 figures following shall appeare But of the second figure I haue drawen the latter ranke of one of the Triangles being nine men and placed them at one of the corners Now touching the Sheeres battell the same is to be made of 4 battallions of equal proportiō working as before you did with the Diamant Triangle battels the which 4 battallions being reduced as before is sayd into 2 triangles and ioyning their two corners together is framed the Sheeres battell as here you see Loe here the Sheere battell framed of 4 battallions to backe the which you must draw vp 2 3 or 4 rankes of pikes according to the proportion of the battell and place them on the backe part thereof as you see aboue designed by this letter O where I haue backed the same with 2 rankes at 18 men in a ranke And also the same order is to be obserued in the Saw battell as after appeareth Next is the Saw battell which containeth 3 sharpe angles framed of 6 battallions in such order as the Wedge Sheeres battels before wrought as here in the figure following is designed Thus you see this Saw battell framed and reduced out of 6 square battallions But there is another order yet to frame these Diamant Triangle Saw and Sheere battels which is thus Place in the first angle or ranke one man in the second ranke 3 men in the third ranke 5 men and in the fourth ranke 7 men and so consequently adding vnto euery ranke 2 men vntill you haue finished your battell into such proportion as you shall thinke good Now there haue I spent more time in those trifling formes and vnused proportions then I needed but only to giue you content and to the end to shew that he which is a Sergeant Maior ought not to be ignorant in any manner of proportions as well ancient as moderne whereby he may be both able skilfull and ready to frame alter and change his proportions as occasion shall be offered and that with facilitie and speed Gent. To what intent and purpose were these proportions of Diamant Triangle Sheeres and Saw battels first deuised Capt. The Triangle and Diamant battels were inuented by antiquitie to encounter the square the Sheeres battell to encounter the Triangle or Wedge battell and the Saw battell to encounter the Sheeres battell All the which are in small vse in our dayes Gent. Will you speake nothing of the Crosse battell so much commended by some men nor of the battell compounded of sundry battallions Capt. The Crosse battels haue bene most vsed by the Swedens and high Germaines The forme whereof be it in sundry battallions seuerally appointed or in one whole and entire battell all together ioyned is no doubt of maruellous great strength and verie excellent conueyance by reason of the sundry places of safegard and defence ministred to the shot and hurt persons therein It is commonly framed of 5 battallions or squadrons 4 in crosse wise and one in the middle the which middle battallion may conteine your Ensignes and short weapons but if it be framed of 4 battallions with the center vnfilled then may the center containe the impedimentes and baggage of the armie I haue here figured a Crosse battell compounded of 5 battallions the middle battallion conteineth the Ensignes and short weapons without their shot And in the second figure I haue set downe the sayd Crosse battell with their shot bestowed in the 4 voyde angles or corners in 4 other battallions or squadrons as may appeare Now for as much as I intend to frame certaine Tables to the forming of euery sort maner of all these foresayd battels battallions of all numbers of mē from the smallest number vnto 10000 pikes I will leaue at this instant to speake any more therof hoping this already spoken to be sufficient for any willing minded Gentlemen which haue not yet seene wars desirous to vnderstand some points of martiall matters for vnto those do I write not vnto the expert souldier whose skill and experience annexed with learning I honour and reuerence For surely speculation without Practise is but halfe of the Arte but both ioyntly together maketh the same perfect Gent. Although we haue bin tedious vnto you yet I pray let vs intreat you to shew vs the order of the battell compounded of many battallions Capt. To deuide a small power into many parts were but dangerous but hauing a sufficient and competent armie the maner is now a dayes to deuide them but into 3 distinguished into Vantgard Battell Rereward yet if men were perfect and ready a sufficient armie might well be
would haue the Sergeant Maior to be skilled and seene although the conduction of our warres now a dayes doth consist more in surprises assaults and batteries then open field fight and although the best now in vse are but two or three viz. the first square of men and the square of ground and their diuision into battallions of that kind according to the weapons wherewithall we now fight Gent. Which of these do you hold for most assured and strong Capt. I hold them all for sufficient strong but the difference which may happen is to be iudged according to the situation and disposition of the ground and occasions to fight and by the order that the campe shall obserue For in some occasions the square of men would be best as in open field without aduantage of hedge ditch water marish or wood or where the enemie is strong in horse to charge on euerie side the which iust square of men in euerie part is found to be equally strong and apt euery way to receiue the charge the which could not be so were the battell ouerlong afront narrow in flank as is the bastard broad or base square but yet in other occasions where these aduantages are to be found it were better to fight in broad front for that thereby many hands do come to fight at once together in the vantguard and with more difficultie to be compassed by the enemie hauing any of the aduantages before spoken of to friend but most cōmonly if necessitie occasion or situation do not constraine otherwise the quadrat of ground is best and most vsed as best proportioned with equall strength in vantguard and reareward especially against footemen and also flanked sufficiently strong and which of all other doth occupie least quantitie of ground Gent. What meane you by Bastard square Broad square and Base square Capt. The Bastard square is the battell which conteineth almost twise so many men in front as in flanke in proportion as 1 ¾ is to 1 the Broad square is the battell which conteineth more or as much as twise so many men in front as in flank as is 2 to 1 or 2 ⅓ which is as 7 to 3 and the Base square is the battell which containeth almost thrise or 3 times more in breadth then in depth which proportion is as 8 to 2 or 3 to 1 or such other proportions of inequalitie as fol. 51. Gent. You haue before declared at large the maner how to frame all these sorts of battels therfore it is needelesse to demaund it againe whereby I perceiue how necessary it is for the Sergeant Maior to be both learned and skilfull in Arithmeticke but doth it import any thing whether the ranks be of euē number or odde Capt. No truly but a custome vsed amongst vs without any ground for battels are to be set according to the number of men and the same to be framed as the situation of the ground will permit therfore the number of Par or Impar doth litle import to the strengthening of the battell but the due proportioning thereof according to the quantitie of your men to be accommodated to the ground or situation and aboue all the braue conduction of the Commaunders and the resolute valour of the souldiers is the strength and firmenesse of the battell Gent. What order is to be taken in setting of battels with speede and facilitie that the confusion of the souldiers disturbe not the same especially where men be vnruly euery one thrusting himselfe into the first rankes of the foreward in such disorder many times that neither the Sergeant Maior nor Colonels themselues shall be able to frame a battell in good sort Capt. The care to redresse this inconuenience toucheth the Sergeant Maior and therefore he ought to giue aduise and warning vnto euery companie before they come to this point that they beware of such confusion disorder and disobedience notifying vnto them that the Ensigne or Ensignes which were of the ward that day should frame the first rankes of the vantgard and the Ensignes or Companies that had the ward last before should successiuely follow and those which were afterward to haue the ward to succeede them againe and then next such as first were gathered to the squadrons Moreouer giuing aduisement to the officers that they suffer none of the souldiers of their bande to come without their armour by peece-meale and vnfurnisht for by such faults although that by the aforesaid reasons the vantguard appertaineth vnto them yet they loose their preheminence for comming so ill armed and iustly may others better armed be placed in their roomes Gent. And if perhappes vpon the Alarme giuen as commonly it falleth out all the Companies in Armes doe ioyne and gather together vnto the Corps de guarde or place of assemblie in such a case what is the Sergeant Maior to do Capt. He shall frame together that confused and disordered body placing the Captaines before and shall draw his battell from out one of the flankes or out of the rereward as he shall finde it most commodious the which he shall doe with great facilitie and thereby shall defraude those that were cause of such confusion and it shall serue vnto two good effectes the one he shall frame his battell with speede and the other he shall by this meanes chasten the vnruly and disobedient by leauing them in the rereward who seeing this order taken by the Sergeant Maior will euer afterwardes be more obedient and tractable to be set in order Gent. But the battell or squadron of pikes being set in what order is the same garnished with shot and how many and great shall the sleeues thereof be and how farre distant placed from the pikes for I haue heard different opinions therein whereof although you haue sayd somwhat already yet I pray let vs heare something more of the same Capt. No souldier is ignorant that the squadron of pikes being set is to be impaled or girdled with shot as many rankes of shot as pikes But the due and naturall girdling indeede ought to be no more shot in ranke then that the pike may well couer and defend especially where the enemie doth abound in Cauallerie And so vnder the defence and fauour of the pike there cannot conueniently stand aboue one ranke of three shot at the most and so many in mine opinion should the girdling conteine the which girdling shot kneeling vpon one knee vnder the couert of the couched pikes should at the charging of the horsemen discharge their vollie in their face and bosome which would bee no small galling vnto them But when this daunger of horse is not to be feared then the impalement may be made of more shot in a ranke at the discretion of the Sergeant Maior according to the quantitie of shot contained in his companies and the rest of the shot to be deuided into sundry small troupes as I sayd before
moores meddowes fields open or enclosed forests woods thickets or whether the countrey be stony plaine field or ditched and all difference of situations of grounds as well of the hils and high mountaines as of the plaine and champain to the end that he may consider foresee preuent and prepare for euery place where the enemy may annoy him For many times one regiment is to march alone and then doth it touch the Sergeant Maior to haue the care and speculation hereof as it doth the Campe-Maister Generall when the whole army marcheth for that it befall him not as it did vnto the Romaines in the Furcas Caudinas and vnto many other through the like misregard And for more security hereof they are to procure faithful and trusty guides and skilful way leaders to the end not to be beguiled and abused as Hannibal was when he warred in Italy against the Romaines who willing to leade his army vnto Cassinum was led and guided vnto Casilinum to be put into the hands of Quintus Fabius Maximus Generall of the Romaines his enemies Now the order being knowne and the way reknowledged and the houre of remouing at hand he is to commaunde the drumme maior to sound the call Recoia or assembling and euery Captaine of infantery to cause their baggage to be trussed vp and laden and shall straight wayes draw foorth his ensignes out of their quarter into the place of armes and there shall frame his battell or squadron reparting their Captaines into such places as concerneth them that day and shall dispose and appoint the Sergeants of ordinary bandes in such sort that euery one may know what part he hath to gouerne and set in order And for as much as it is seldome seene that the wayes fieldes and passages be so large that the whole battell may march all in front he is to frame his ordinances arraies or Maniples no greater then that the same may march commodiously and at ease thorough the same the order whereof I haue at large declared in folio 62 67 68 and 92 alwayes prouided that he quarter or deuide not his battell if the passage will so permit into no lesse then the third part of the front thereof as thus if the front be of 27 pikes the Maniples or ordinance shall be of 9 and if 21 in front then the deuision or quartering shall be of 7 in front and so of other numbers for he is to conduct his companies so well disciplined and ordered that occasion being offered hee may with speede and readinesse frame and set his battell or battallions reparting the Captaines and officers in places most conuenient as before is sayd Gent. But tell vs how is he to repart them and who shall go in the vantgard which in the battell and who in the reareward and in what part shall the Colours be placed that this readinesse and quicke dispatch might be performed in setting the battell as you speake of Capt. The order I haue partly spoken of before but to giue you content I will repeate it againe therefore me thinkes that the order to be obserued therein is thus That the shot of the forlorne hope and the shot of the right flanke being deuided into many small troupes as I said should march before then next the girdling shot of the said right side after them should follow the ordinances and Maniples of pikes in such sort order as before is declared to the end that the ensignes go not crossed either in one sort or other he is to place them alone after another within so many rankes of pikes so that when soeuer he brings his Maniples vp together pouldron to pouldron to the framing of his battell they may still remaine in their conuenient places which is in the center Then after the pikes shall follow the girdling shot of the left flanke and last of all in the reareward shall follow the troupes of shot belonging to the left flanke and reareward and hauing passed the straight and the squadron formed then may they repaire each girdling shot and troupes to their due and conuenient roomes as before of which orders of Maniples and quartering of battels I haue before declared at large Gent. Is there any meaning or misterie in marching the left or right side shot before in the vantgard Capt. None truly that I know of more then that in all our actions we ought to incline what we can vnto perfection and as the right hand is the more perfect and noble from thence it is reason that wee begin to frame our battels and in that place also to begin to disseuer them Gent. The munition and baggage belonging to the Companies where are they to goe to cause least hinderance and to passe in most security Capt. The consideration that is to bee had when an army doth march is that if the enemy be knowne to be on head the vantgard vpon the way you are to passe then let the munition and baggage be placed in the reareward and per contra if the enemy be found to be in the reareward then passe your baggage to the forward and if on the right side then conuay it to the left and if on the left side then transport it vnto the right with the like consideration and in this sort shall the campe be alwayes a wall and defence vnto the munition and baggage And if in marching the enemy do offer to fight the munition by this meanes shall be no let or hinderance at all And besides all this there ought to be sent abroade certaine Hargulutiers or light horse to scoute before the munition and carriage to preuent the suddain incursions of the enemies stragling horse The same order ought also to be obserued in the marching of one regiment alone But in case that there were no enemy and they might march through places plaine safe and secure the munition and cariage ought alwayes to passe in the foreward with a sufficiēt gard of pikes shot and short weapons that for good respect because it is very commodious for the souldiers that when they come well wearied to their quarter they may find their tents ready pitched and many times their forrage prouided and not to stay attending and expecting the same comming many times wet dirtie ouer tired and halfe dead with hunger and again if by hap any of the cariages do fal the owners of the baggage may help to redresse wherby to saue their baggage and furniture which could not be done if it marched in the reareward Gent. But if it should happen that in none of these sayd parts the baggage might march in safety as in Barbarie or other Champaine countrey where the enemies number consisteth most of horse we not hauing sufficient numbers to answer them what is then to be done where the enemy may charge on euery side Cap. Then in the center of the battell or betwixt the squadrons with
officers giue aduise vnto the Regiments next vnto him and aboue all he is to aduertise his Camp-maister and Generall without order from whom the companies already set in battell may not returne to their quarters and guardes And so the Sergeant Maior after they be fully satisfied assured that they may disbād and breake vp hee ought to demaund licence of the Generall for the same and shall returne to set his postes as before they were And if he shall perceiue it to be needfull to reenforce and strengthen his guardes he ought to do it with more or lesse numbers as the necessitie shall require it Gent. I haue heard that some Sergeant Maiors do draw out of their principall Corps de guards where their ensignes companies do stand the first Sētinels other small Corps de gards but I know not to what end Capt. That Sergeant Maior doth not amisse for that Corps de guard is of those souldiers which are for the Sentinels and Round that night for that the officer when he is to relieue and change them may find them more ready And these Corps de guardes do serue also that the Sentinels may haue succour neare at hand if neede should require and againe they helpe also to keepe the guardes more vigilant and the souldiers more ready to the seruice of their ensignes THE THIRD DIALOGVE VVherein is declared some orders to be obserued by the Sergeant Maior in the very fact of armes and in surprises and Camisadas and Ambuscados and to be a generall procurer of the souldiers good Gentleman WHat orders is the Sergeant Maior to obserue in the times of fight with the enemy Capt. The Sergeant Maior cannot keepe any certaine rule therein considering the diuersitie of chaunces stratagems and policies which in euery moment do happen in warre But in the action of battell he is to see and to foresee as before I sayd as well their owne as their enemies orders and disorders to redresse with all valour readinesse and skill what is needfull in his owne squadrons and to espie euery aduantage vpon the enemy and valiantly to animate order and encourage his souldiers to valour vertue and honour and that with couragious and honourable words and if by fortune any of his squadrons be disordered and broken he must with all speedinesse courage and skill redresse the same Gent. But if any men in the rankes of his squadrons be hurt or slaine either by the enemies great shot or otherwise so that wanting there those men which so are slaine or hurt how are these rankes to be refurnished so that it may be done without confusion Capt. The order of the Romanes as I haue already sayd was to fight in order of battallions the one to second the other which is a very strong order of fight were men expert and skilfull therein And the manner of the Greekes was in Phalangia which is a iust square of men whom we do therein imitate which manner of square of men is each man standing consequently in ranke and in file one after other so that if any of the first files or rankes be slaine or hurt the next soldier succeeding the same man hurt or slaine is to step vp into his place roome and the next after to follow him and so successiuely one to follow another euen vnto the center or traine of the squadron in such sort that alwayes the formost rankes be fully furnished Gent. And what is to be done with those hurt and slaine men for me thinkes they should be looked vnto Capt. The Spaniardes haue a laudable custome which is that they haue certaine men appointed of purpose to retract and draw foorth of the squadrons such men as be hurt and to bring them vnto the chirurgians and for such as bee slaine right out to conuay them away so that their slaine numbers is neuer lightly knowne to the enemy Which order I would wish to be receiued and obserued amongst vs. Gent. What other parts are there yet in him to be required Capt. Moreouer the Sergeant Maior ought to be very expert and to be very skilfull and well aduised in the course which is to be kept in giuing a camisada as that was which was giuen vnto the Prince of Oranges army by the Spaniards when he came to relieue graue Lodwike his brother being besieged within Mouns in Henault by Duke d'Alua which was such that he was faine to raise his campe and retire toward Germany Now in such cases the Sergeant Maior must conduct his souldiers with great silence euen to the place of the enemies campe and there shall he commaund them to put their shirtes vpon their armour at one instant making ready to effect their desseignes whereunto they shall passe with all speede and resolution before that the enemy may be aduertized thereof by their Sentinels And also when other great occasions are offered where it is needefull to carry the souldiers with great silence secrecie and stilnesse he is to be their guide as did the Sergeant Maior Valleio when Mondragon with his regiment passed ouer the riuer Schalt to succour their friends besieges in Targoes And in Ambuscados which are to be done in places of couert as woods thickets hollow wayes or hils he is to be carefull that the souldiers be silent and without noise for not to be discouered vntill their espials and watches appointed for that purpose doe giue them the signe of the conuenient time of their sodaine charge vpon the enemy Also it is the Sergeant Maiors part to be sollicitous and diligent with the prince or Captaine Generall of the army and the other superiour officers for the prouiding of armour and other necessaries for the companies of his regiment and for the other munitions of powder match lead and victuals the which he shal cause to be reparted vnto the Sergeants of the bands to be by them deliuered vnto the Caporals who are to distribute the same among the companies And to conclude he ought to be the vniuersall procurer of the souldiers good procuring their payes and that they be succoured in their necessities and wants And if there be any hurt men or sicke hee is to procure that they may be caried with all care vnto the hospitals or such places deputed for the same prouiding them of cariages necessaries and guides if neede require To do all the which he hath all the officers of the regiment for helpers and ministers which are to assist and obey him For the cariage-maister is to furnish him with cartes and cariages as shall be needefull and the furrier maior to prouide and bring munition at the day of battell and the Sergeants to assist him to set the squadrons and to keepe the companies in order and array and the ensignes and Lieutenants to giue and notifie the orders and commandes to the gards for the seruice of the companies and the drumme maior to proclaime and sound the generall
which is 100. The which multiplied into it selfe maketh the said 10000 and so from the roote 100 vnto 099 and then 098 next 097 and so from roote to roote orderly vnto the last square roote which is 1. In which tables I haue directed the order of marching of an army as the passage or way will permit whether you shall march 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 in a ranke and how many rankes they shall be To do the which worke thus Deuide the whole nūber of men by so many in rank as you will haue them to march in as by 3 5 7 c. The number here I haue supposed to be 10000 men the which 10000 to haue them to march at 3 men per ranke I do deuide 3 and it produceth 3333 rankes and 1 man remaining as in the margine appeareth And if you wold haue them to march by 5 7 9 or any other number per ranke worke as you haue done with the number 3. Then how to deuide the battell into Maniples or parts and so to march them vpon the way as strongly as the passage will permit and how the Maniples comming vp shoulder to sholder each weapō ioyneth with his like making again the former square battell of men with the remaines that make not vp a iust Maniple or part and also how to march those sayd remaines that they may come vp shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the Maniples to make vp a iust square To do the which worke thus deuide the roote of your grand number of men by so many as you would haue them to march in a Maniple and the product will be the number of Maniples with the remaines if any such there bee as for example the square roote of 10000 is 100 the which 100 men I do deuide by 3 and it produceth 33 Maniples and one ranke remaining the which 1 ranke is 100 men the which 100 men marching vp by 1 in a ranke comming vp shoulder to shoulder with the grand square maketh iust the same proportion of the grand square as in the Tables plainly may appeare So may you worke by 5 7 9 11 or any other number to bring them into Maniples with their remaines But here you shall note that a Maniple doth signifie so many men in ranke quite through your grand square or battell as you are disposed or be constrained to deuide the sayd grand square into whereby to passe through any straight or passage then comming vp shoulder to shoulder do make your former square of men againe Finally in the first table of the said square of men in proportion of equalitie there is set down readily how many shot will girdle or impale the battell of pikes in what forme soeuer you dispose the same whether it be by 3 5 7 or 9 shot in a ranke which is as many as you shall neede to girdle withall in mine opinion and if you are to encounter or be charged with horse I suppose 3 to be sufficient To do the which worke you thus First multiplie your quadrate roote or square of men by so many as you meane or bee disposed to girdle the same withall the product whereof will amount to the girdling shot for the one side or quarter then againe multiplie the said product by 4 for the 4 squares of the battell and the product thereof serueth for the girdling of the sayd 4 square sides Now there will want to fill the 4 angles or corners the which you must consider whether you doe impale by 3 5 7 or 9 then to multiplie euery angle by so many per ranke as you doe impale by as for example the square roote of 10000 is 100 the sayd 100 I do multiplie by 3 for so many doe I set to impale by and it maketh 300 for the one square side of the battell the which 300 I doe againe multiplie by 4 for all the 4 square sides of the battell and it amounteth vnto 1200 shot then for the foure corners or angles considering that I do impale by 3 first I multiplie the sayd three by it selfe and it maketh 9 for one angle and then quadruple the sayd 9 it maketh 36 the which 36 being added vnto the aforesayd 1200 and it amounteth in all vnto 1236 shot for the full impalement of your squadron of 100 square roote of men And so may you do with any other number as in the tables will appeare more at large Likewise on the left side of euery leafe of the sayd tables hauing first turned the same ouer you shall haue opposite or against the number or battell which standeth euermore on the right side of the sayd leafe the same battell deuided into 3 5 or 7 battallions the number of which battallions in each of them conteined you shall finde by drawing your finger euermore on the first Columne of euery leafe on the right side where you finde the number of the said battalliōs there shall you see in that distinctiō betwixt two long rules how euery battallion shall bee set which two long rules are the second Columne of the tables As for example the grand battell of 10000 pikes placed on the right side of the leafe in the first Table as in folio 16 may be seene the sayd grand battell you shall finde deuided into 3 5 or 7 battallions by turning ouer the leafe looking vpon the left side therof in the same folio 190. Now to know the square root of euery of these battallions draw your finger continually down the first Columne of euery right side of the leafe vntill you come to finde the due number of the sayd battallions which is first 348 c. the which nūber being found in the first Columne in folio 191 euen there in the second Columne you shall see the square roote thereof to be 59 and so must you do by the rest of the battallions In the first Columne of the left side of euery leafe is placed the grand square or battell of men in the second Collumne is set the same battell deuided into 3. battallions in the third Columne is the number of euery of their seuerall battallions and in the fourth Columne is the remaines of the sayd battallions which is how much they are lesse then the grand square of men and also in the said fourth Columne if they do abound the number of the grand square it shall be there set downe alwayes marked with this word ouer adioyning vnto it which word when you do finde then suppose that the battallions are more then the grand battell by so many as that number containeth The like order is to be obserued in the diuision of them into fiue battallions or into seuen battallions As for the reducing or inducing of all battels and battallions out of or into the grand square of men I haue before in folio 77 78 79 and so forth at large declared as of
the battell in Diamant proportioÌ„ of the Triangle of the Sheeres battell and Saw battell of the Crosse battell battell coÌ„pounded of many battallioÌ„s vnto the which I referre me onely hereafter will I set down the figure Tables of all or the most of these the order to be obserued in the same as I will at the beginning of euery Table declare but first I will shew you the declaration of euery Columne of the Tables as here is described A declaration of the vse of the Columnes and numbers expressed in the Tables following 1 The number of 1 in the first columne containeth therein the number of the armed pikes of the grand battell of men 2 The number of 2 ouer the second columne containeth in that part the due number of the square roote of the battell 3 The number of 3 in the third columne hath in it the order of marching as the ground will permit be it by 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 in ranke 4 The number of 4 containeth in that columne the number of rankes either by 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 men in a ranke 5 The number of 5 hath in that columne the remainders of that which maketh not vp a iust number of rankes 6 The number of 6 sheweth in that columne the number of the Maniples or parts of each battell whether they march by 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 in a ranke the which marching vp shoulder to shoulder do make the square battell of men with the ensignes in the middle Maniple or part 7 The number of 7 in the seuenth columne signifieth the surplussage of armed pikes that maketh not a iust Maniple 8 The number of 8 in the eight columne denoteth the whole ouerplus of the armed pikes that make not vp a full Maniple 9 The number of 9 in that columne sheweth how many shall march in a ranke of the ouer plus that made not vp a iust Maniple or part which so marching vp shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the Maniples or parts maketh vp the iust square of men 10 The number of 10 in that columne sheweth how to girdle or impale your battell with shot whether it be by 3 5 7 or 9. which is sufficient to girdle any battell 11 The number of 11 carrieth in that columne what number of shot euery kinde of imbattelling or girdling will occupie in each seuerall battell whether the same be by 3 5 7 or 9 in ranke of shot A declaration of the Tables of the Battallions 1 The nuÌ„ber of 1 in the first columne signifieth the whole nuÌ„ber of the grand battell 2 The number of 2 hath in that collumne the diuision be it by 3 5 or 7. 3 The nuÌ„ber of 3 hath in that columne the nuÌ„ber contained in euery seuerall battallioÌ„ 4 The number of 4 hath in that columne the remaines or ouerplus The figure of the square battell of men In this figure of a square battell of men there is contained 10000 armed Pikes at 100 rankes and 100 men by ranke girdled round about with seuen rankes of shot The rest of the shot and short weapon are bestowed in 165 small troupes containing 50 in euerie troupe trouping round about the battell so shadowing the same and readie for skirmish on what part soeuer the enemie should offer fight the rest of the shot and short weapon with some pikes are for the guard of the Artillerie and Munition The figure of the grand square of 10000 Pikes deuided into 3 battallions The figure of the grand square reduced into 5 Battallions The figure of the 7 Battallions reduced out of the grand square of men The Tables of Battels in proportion of equalitie as is 1 to 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10000 100 3 3333 1 33 1 100 1 3 1236 5 2000 0 20 0 0 0 5 2100 7 1428 4 14 2 200 2 7 2996 9 1111 1 11 1 100 1 9 3924 100 11 909 1 9 1 100 1   13 768 1 7 9 900 9   15 666 10 6 10 1000 10   17 588 1 5 15 1500 5   9801 99 3 3267 0 33 0 0 0 3 1224 5 1960 4 19 4 396 4 5 20â—0 7 1400 1 14 1 99 1 7 2968 9 1089 0 19 0 0 0 9 3888 99 11 891 0 9 0 0 0   13 752 12 7 8 792 8   15 653 6 6 9 891 9   17 576 9 5 14 1384 14   9604 98 3 3201 1 32 2 196 2 3 1212 5 1920 4 19 3 294 3 5 2060 7 1372 0 14 0 0 0 7 2940 9 1063 1 10 8 784 8 9 3852 98 11 873 1 8 10 986 10   13 738 10 7 7 866 7   15 640 4 6 8 784 8   17 564 0 5 13 1274 13   9409 97 3 3136 1 32 1 97 1 3 1200 5 1881 4 19 2 194 2 5 2040 7 1344 1 13 6 582 6 7 2912 9 1045 4 10 7 679 7 9 3816 97 11 855 4 8 9 873 9   13 723 10 7 6 502 6   15 627 4 6 7 699 7   17 553 8 5 12 1164 12   9216 96 3 3072 0 32 0 0 0 3 1180 5 1843 1 19 1 96 1 5 2020 7 1316 4 13 5 480 5 7 2884 9 1024 0 10 6 576 6 9 2780 96 11 837 9 8 8 768 8   13 708 12 7 5 580 5   15 614 6 6 6 576 6   17 542 2 5 11 1057 11   9025 95 3 3008 1 31 2 190 2 3 1176 5 1801 0 19 0 0 0 5 2000 7 1289 2 13 4 3â—0 4 7 2756 9 1002 7 10 5 475 5 9 3744 95 11 824 5 8 7 665 7   13 694 3 7 4 380 4   15 601 10 6 5 475 5   17 530 15 5 10 950 10   Number of pikes to be imbattailled The quadrate roote To march in ranke Rankes how many Remainder of men Maniples of pikes Rankes of remainder The whole ouerplus of pikes after the Manip How many pikes in ranke to march vp Number of shot to impale The whole number of shot that do impale The Table of Battallions of the grand square of men 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 10000 3 3481 3249 3299 21 5 2340 2025 1936 1936 1764 35 7 1444 1444 1444 1444 1444 1369 1369 0 9801 3 3600 3600 2601 0 5 2500 2500 1600 1600 1600 1 7 2025 2025 1296 1296 1296 961 900 2 9604 3 3249 3136 3136 83 5 2025 2025 1849 1849 1849 7 7 1369 1369 1369 1369 1369 1369 1369 17 9409 3 3136 3136 3136 1 5 1936 1936 1849 1849 1849  7 1369 1369 1369 1369 1296 1296 1296 45 9216 3 3249 3249 2704 14 5 2116 2116 2116 1444 1444 10 7 1369 1369 1369 1296 1296 1296 1296 25 9025 3
Battallions reduced out of the battels of g. and squares of men vpon the right side of euery leafe The Table of Battels in proportion of equalitie 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 36 6 3 12 0 2 0 0 0   6 5 7 1 1 1 6 1   25 5 3 8 1 1      5 5 5 0 0      16 4 3 5 1 0      4 5 3 1 1 1 4 1   9 3 3 3 0       3 5 1 4 36 4     4 2 3 1 1       2 5 0 0       2 1 0         1 0         The whole number of armed pikes The quadrate or square roote Per ranke to march by Rankes how many Remaines of rankes Maniples or partes Remaines of pikes by ranke The whole ouer plus of remaines How many to march in rankes of remaine The rankes to impale by The number of shot that impale Here endeth the Tables of Battels in proportion of equalitie or the Battels of due square of men that is how many rankes so many men by ranke or how many rankes so many files Hereafter ensueth the Tables and figures of two fold Battels called broad squares or hearst Battels with the Battallions of that kinde IN these Tables ensuing I haue set downe the order and setting of sundry Battels in proportioÌ„ of inequalitie as 2 vnto 1 that is twise so many men in front as in flanke the which sort of Battels do come to coÌ„taine neare a iust square or quadrate of ground which the battels of proportioÌ„ of equalitie that is so many meÌ„ in flank as in front doe not for they containe in ground twise and more the quantitie of ground in flanke or length that they doe in front or breadth the reason and order thereof I haue in my 3. booke in fol. 45 46 c. 50 at large declared so coÌ„tinuing shewing therein rules Arithmeticall to set all such sortes of Battels their impalement with armed pikes and diuisions into Maniples here onely contenting my selfe with setting forth the figures and Tables of the sayd Battels in proportion of inequalitie and how they are to be ordered into ranks for marching into Maniples and girdling with shot as before in the Tables of squares of meÌ„ or Battels in proportion of equalitie is at large set downe and declared And also on the left side of euery leafe is set downe the said Battels or broad squares deuided into sundry battallions of that kinde as into 3 or 5 battallions the number of which battallions in each of them contained you shall finde euermore in the first Columne of euery leafe on the right side where you find the number of your battallions there shall you see betwixt two long rules in that distinction placed in the 2 Columne how euery battallion shall be set in front flanke which is the iust square roote of euery battallion Finally I haue here before you set downe first the figure of the sayd broad square of men or Battell in proportion of inequalitie as 2 vnto 1 which commeth to containe neare the iust quadrat of ground girdled round about with 7 rankes of shot and the rest of the shot and short weapon due to this number and proportion of pikes are deuided into sundry troupes of 50 in euery troupe trouping round about the maine Battell as I haue done before in the figure of the iust square of men I haue here also desseigned in figure the said broad square or hearst Battell deuided into sundry battallions of that kinde as first into 3 battallions then into 5 battallions as in page 212 may appeare each battallion is girdled with 3 rankes of shot the rest of the shot and short weapon belonging vnto the sayd numbers may bee placed in sundry small troupes as is in the broad square trouping round about the same or as the Sergeant Maior shall otherwise thinke good or as the ground will permit or occasions offered to fight The figure of a Broad square Battell trouped round about with shot The figure of 3 Battallions reduced out of the Broade square The figure of fiue Battallions reduced out of the Broade square The Table of Broad square or twyfold Battels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10082 71 3 3360 2 47 1 71 1 3 1314 5 2016 3 28 2 142 2 5 2230 142 7 1440 3 20 2 142 2 7 3178 9 1120 3 15 7 497 7 9 4158 11 916 7 12 10 710 10   9800 70 3 3266 2 46 2 140 2 3 1296 5 1980 0 28 0 0 0 5 2200 140 7 1400 0 20 0 0 0 7 3136 9 1088 8 15 5 350 5 9 4104 11 890 10 12 8 560 12   9522 69 3 3174 0 46 0 0 0 3 1278 5 1904 2 27 3 207 3 5 2170 138 7 1360 2 19 5 345 5 7 3094 9 1058 0 15 3 207 3 9 4050 11 865 7 12 6 414 6 11 5038 9248 68 3 3082 2 45 1 68 1 3 12â—0 5 1849 3 27 1 68 1 5 2140 136 7 1321 1 19 3 204 3 7 3052 9 1027 0 15 1 68 1 9 3996 11 840 8 12 4 272 4   8978 67 3 2992 2 44 2 134 2 3 1242 5 1795 3 26 4 268 4 5 2110 134 7 1282 4 19 1 67 1 7 3010 9 977 5 14 8 546 8 9 3942 11 816 2 12 2 134 2   8712 66 3 2904 0 44 0 0 0 3 1224 5 1742 2 26 2 132 2 5 2080 132 7 1230 2 1â— 6 396 6 7 2968 9 968 0 14 6 396 6 9 3088 11 792 0 12 0 0 0   8450 65 3 2815 2 43 1 65 1 3 1206 5 1690 0 26 0 0 0 5 2050 130 7 1207 1 18 4 260 4 7 2926 9 938 8 14 4 260 4 9 3834 11 768 2 11 9 585 9   8192 64 3 2730 2 42 2 128 2 3 1188 5 1638 2 25 3 192 3 5 2020 128 7 1170 2 18 2 128 2 7 2884 9 910 2 14 2 128 2 9 3780 11 744 8 11 7 449 7   7938 63 3 2646 0 42 0 0 0 3 1170 5 1580 3 25 1 63 1 5 1990 126 7 1134 0 18 0 0 0 7 2842 9 882 0 14 0 0 0 9 2726 11 721 7 11 5 315 5   7688 62 3 2562 2 41 1 62 1 3 1152 5 1537 3 24 4 248 4 5 1960 124 7 1098 2 17 5 310 5 7 2800 9 854 2 13 7 434 7 9 3670 11 698 10 11 3 186 3   The Tables of Battallions reduced out of the Broad squares 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 10082 3 3362 3362 3362 3 5 1922 1922 1922 1922 2312 83 9800
0   338 13 3 112 2 8 2 26 2 3 264  5 67 3 5 1 13 1 0 490 26 7 48 2 3 5 65 5   288 12 3 9◠2 8 0 0 0 3 246  5 57 3 4 4 48 4   24 7 41 1 3 3 36 3   242 11 3 80 2 7 1 11 1 3 228  5 48 2 4 2 22 2   22 7 34 4 3 1 11 1   200 10 3 66 2 6 2 20 2 3 210  5 40 0 4 0 0 0   20 7 28 4 2 6 60 6   162 9 3 54 0 6 0 0 0 3 192  5 32 2 3 3 27 3   18 7 23 1 2 4 36 4   128 8 3 48 0 5 1 8 1 3 174  5 28 4 3 1 8 1   16 7 20 4 2 2 16 2   98 7 3 36 0 4 2 14 2 3 156  5 21 3 2 4 28 4   14 7 15 3 2 0 0 0   72 6 3 24 0 4 0 0 0    5 14 2 2 2 12 2   12 7 10 2 1 5 30 5   50 5 3 16 2 3 1 5 1    5 10 0 2 0 0 0   10 7 7 1 1 3 15 3   32 4 3 10 2 2 2 8 2    5 6 2 1 3 12 3   8 7 4 4 1 1 4 1   18 3 3 6 0 2 0 0 6    5 3 1 1 3 1    6 7 2 4 0 0 0    8 2 3 2 2 1 2 4 2    5 1 3 0 0 0    4 7 1 0 0 0 0    The number of pikes to be imbattailed The nūber of mē in flanke front How many mē to march in ranke The number of rāks how many The remaines of men out of rank The Maniples or parts The remaines of maniples or parts The whole number of remaines of Maniples The marching of remaines of Maniples The nūber to impale or girdle by The whole nūber contained in the girdling shot Hereafter shall follow the figures and tables of sundry euen Battallions to sundry vses c. HEre next will I set down the Tables and figures of sundry euen Battallions as by 3 5 or 7. euen battalliōs the which are very strong of themselues yet neuerthelesse may you chuse whether you will fight in the same order of battallions or by marching them vp shoulder to shoulder bring thē into a two or threefold battell at your owne discretion or as occasion shall best serue The number of which seuerall battallions you shall finde as I sayd before placed in the Tables of squares of men or battels in proportiōs of equalitie on the right side of euery leafe by drawing your finger downe the first columne of the same and then considering what number of pikes you haue whereof to deuide your battallions you shall finde in the 4 columne of your euen battallions the same number set downe or a number vnder the same which I thinke good you rather chuse then the iust number because you may then cast out some remaines to imploy otherwise for better it is to leaue then to lacke As for example here in these Tables of euen battallions first there is set downe 3 euen battallions containing in each 49 pikes which being summed together doe make 174 as appeareth in page 225. Now turne vnto the first table of battels in proportion of equalitie or euen squares of men looking in the first columne of the right side thereof there shal you find in page 207 the said number of 49 whose square roote is 7 for 7 multiplied in it self is 49 7 men 7 rāks is the square of euery of the said 3 Battalliōs And in this sort shal you find the order setting of all the other Battallions and of all the other numbers as in these figures next ensuing of 3 Battallions cōtaining in each 3364 mē whose square roote is 58 so is each Battallion of 58 rankes 58 men per ranke and the whole summe of all these 3 Battallions do amount 10092 pikes as appeareth in these Tables following in page 225. The figure of three Battallions The Table of three euen Battallions 1 2 3 4 5 7 7 49 3 49 49 49 174 8 8 64 3 64 64 64 192 9 9 81 3 81 81 81 143 10 10 100 3 100 100 100 300 11 11 121 3 121 121 121 363 12 12 144 3 144 144 144 432 13 13 169 3 169 169 169 507 14 14 196 3 196 196 196 588 15 15 225 3 225 225 225 675 16 16 256 3 256 256 256 768 17 17 289 3 289 289 289 867 18 18 324 3 324 324 324 972 19 19 361 3 361 361 361 1083 20 20 400 3 400 400 400 1200 21 21 441 3 441 441 441 1323 22 22 484 3 484 484 484 1442 23 23 529 3 529 529 529 1587 24 24 576 3 576 576 576 1728 25 25 625 3 625 625 625 1875 1 2 3 4 5 26 26 676 3 676 676 676 2028 27 27 739 3 739 739 739 2217 28 28 784 3 784 784 784 2352 29 29 841 3 841 841 841 2523 30 30 900 3 900 900 900 2700 31 31 961 3 961 961 961 2823 32 32 1024 3 1024 1024 1024 3072 33 33 1089 3 1089 1089 1089 3267 34 34 1156 3 1156 1156 1156 3468 35 35 1225 3 1225 1225 1225 3676 36 36 1296 3 1296 1296 1296 3888 37 37 1369 3 1369 1369 1369 4107 38 38 1444 3 1444 1444 1444 4332 39 39 1521 3 1521 1521 1521 4563 40 40 1600 3 1600 1600 1600 4800 41 41 1681 3 1681 1681 1681 5043 42 42 1764 3 1764 1764 1764 5292 43 43 1849 3 1849 1849 1849 5547 44 44 1936 3 1936 1936 1936 5808 The Table of three euen Battallions 1 2 3 4 5 45 45 2025 3 2025 2025 2025 6075 46 46 2116 3 2116 2116 2116 6348 47 47 2209 3 2209 2209 2209 6627 48 48 2304 3 2304 2304 2304 6912 49 49 2401 3 2401 2401 2401 7203 50 50 2500 3 2500 2500 2500 7500 51 51 2601 3 2601 2601 2601 7803 1 2 3 4 5 52 52 2704 3 2704 2704 2704 8112 53 53 2809 3 2809 2809 2809 8427 54 54 2916 3 2916 2916 2916 8748 55 55 3025 3 3025 3025 3025 9075 56 56 3136 3 3136 3136 3136 9408 57 57 3249 3 3249 3249 3249 9747 58 58 3364 3 3364 3364 3364 10092 Here after do ensue the figures and Tables of 5 euen Battallions beginning at the roote of 100 which is 10 and so continuing The figure of fiue Battallions The Table of fiue Battallions 1 2 3 4 5 10 10 100 5 100 100 100 100 100 500 11 11 121 5 121 121 121 121 121 605 12 12 144 5 144 144 144 144 144 720
To grudge at a good action signe of a beastly mind A miserable minde Good courses Pike and musket the most weapon in the field Bowes and billes yet seruiceable in some sort An order for powder match for training dayes A great care to be had for the generall store Want of necessaries in time of seruice hath hindred greâ—t actions Whom to bee chosen for a Captain of footbands The parts to be desired in a Captaine Disorderly shall he gouerne in warres who was neuer skilful in the arte The captains care in the election of his officers Similis similem sibi quaerit The due sorting of weapons The aduantage of musket Skill obedieÌ„ce Practise maketh perfect Necessary officers to a band of three hundred men The Ensigne to be incommended to the Ensigne-bearer The Captains Squadron No blemish vnto any Gentleman to serue as a common souldier in the Captaines squadron Aduantaged in Payes To instruct and procure his soldiers to the feare of God To appease debates To reprehend punâ—sh dish nest liuers Few bâ—d do corrupt a number of good To exercise them often to their Armes Different nations different nâ—tures To practise all military exercises The Captaine equall with his soldiers in all perill and paine To muster and traine often The order to be obserued in trayning Men ready for action to great importance Great care to keep aray in marching Disorderly behauior of â—ad souldiers breedeth many mischiefes Disorders to be punished The tolleratioÌ„ of euils breedes many inconuenieÌ„ces What weapon the Captaine is to vse Vnsoldiarly trick of a training captaine The captaine being set to defende any place what he is to do Commanded to any peece of seruice what he is to do To attempt nothing inconsiderate and rash To obserue the orders giuen by his commander To be a good Oratour and to what purpose A captaine not to be ouer couetous but carefull for his souldiers To take the word Carefull to visite the Sentinels To be prouided of lights for the night time To be obedient diligent about his superâ—our commandâ—rs Necessarie cariage and baggage in marching But not ouer pestersome Few horses to be permitted in footbands The Captaine is most ordinarily to lodge among his souldiers Not to be ouer curious in his diet and fare Examples To entreat his souldiers with gentle words good works A good Captaine is as a father to his souldiers and they as children vnto him Souldiers louing their captains wil aduenture their liues for their common honor Discontinuance breedeth forgetfulnesse The militarie discipline of the Romanes to be followed Grauis armatura of the Romanes Velites of the Romanes and their armings The arming of those of grauis armatura A Romane armie Romane legion Cohoâ—t Centurie Maniple A legion distinguished into 3. Hastati Principes Triarij Their order of placing Velitat their places to fight Whom fittest to be chosen for souldiers Signes by the phisiognomie New souldiers to be often trained Practise breedeth readinesse Sundry companies to ioyne together 1. To march 2. To encampe 3. To fight Rules to be obserued by a carefull Captaine Militarie points to be ensigned new souldiers A good Captaine will soone make ready souldiers The art of warre better deliuered by act theÌ„ words The Harquebuzier his armings and weapons To charge To cocke the match To leuell To discharge To retire To recharge The musketier his arming and his forke weapon To charge To cocke his match To leuell To discharge To retire To recharge Aduise How to bring the bisognios fir sâ— to the bullet The piker his armings and weapon The pike of 17. or 18. foote The dagger Obiection Answer Picha seâ—cha The carrying and handling of the pike To make Alto to arbolare or aduaunce To reare When to aduaunce To present To charge To push To cowch To Couch The Romains Tesserarios their training Vertuous exercisâ—â— To march out fained skirmish Ready men aduantagious To be a good executioner must haue seene seruice To tosse the pike The halberd Ranke what it is File what it is The doubling of ranke and file By single file By maniple or many files How to double the rankâ— To fall off To double the file To turne their faces and make front of any part Doubling of ranks and files serueth to sundry purposes To passe straights Od files or ranks Shot how to be practised Example Musketiers how to discharge vpon a march How to discharge vpon a countermarch Musketiers wheeled into a halfe moone to discharge in vollie Calliuers deuided into small troupes to discharge by file The arraunging of a small company to march Order to be obserued entring into the Corps de gard The march The caâ—allery shot not contained within the body of the battell The reason why battells are framed in quadrat proportion Square of men square of ground what it is Battells consisting of armed and vnarmed pikes framed in three maner of wayes Maniple what it is Shot in troupeâ— Halberds and short weapon noâ— liked of in the body of the battell The reasons why Halberds not liked of about the colours The reasons why Daggers auailâ—able in pell mell Short weapon in a stand of pikes vnseemeliâ— Short weapon their places of best seruice Lyning of battels with shot or bowes disliked Lyning of shot in single ranke The reasons Lyning with shot in another sort more tollerable Lyning with bowes a combersome tying weapon Tables to be framed and to what end Proportinall numbers â—eâ—uinâ— to the setting of battels Proportions of equality Proportions of inequality These proportions of men and not of ground The rule to frame a square battell of men A more exquisit way to frame any square battell of men Geometricall scale foote To empale the battell with your armed pikes the rule The Romaines The proofe A rule to know what quaÌ„titie of ground any battell will require each armed mans station 3 foote in breadth 7 foote for length A rule to frame these battels with speed What to do with the remaines Rules to frame all battels in proportion of inequality or two fold battels The Rule The order how to empale with armed pikes the battels in proportioÌ„s of inequalitie The proofes The rule to know the quantitie of ground this battell conteineth The rule to accommodate this calculation with speed Where to place the remaines Repetitions of the former Out of 3 maner of marchings to frame a battell with speed The first maner The third order by marching maniple by maniple Aduertisement Fierie weapons The armed pike is the strength of the battell so is the shot the furie of the field Shot and pikes of necessitie to be coupled The one without the other of no great force The sortement of these weapons offensiue and defensiue The aduantage of musket notable ouersight of our shot in charging and discharging their peeces A redresse and easie way how to fasten the bullet How some do vse to place their shot about the
to be had where the munition is to march Certaine light horsemen to be sent out to scout before the munition In countries secure from the enemy the munition is to passe before with a sufficient card The reasons In parts of danger the munition is to march in the center or among the squadrons Better to loose the munition then to hazard the whole army The munition forsaken sometimes for policie sake Example at the battel of Vicentia in Italy As few horses as might be to be permitted in foote companies Noe foote souldier to passe out of the campe on horsebacke Where the foote souldiers horses are to go The orders to be obserued when the foot souldiers do mount on horsebacke The boyes to be shifted out of the battell To make sundry altoes or stand to ease and refresh the souldiers Carefull to make the Altoes or stāds in places conuenient and fit Disorderly conduction causes of ouerthrowes Example at Via grassa in Lombardie when the Coūtie Sanpaule was taken To make alwayes the standes neare fresh waters and to be carefull that the souldiers straggle not The Sergeant Maior is alwayes to passe on horsebacke to what effectes If he meete the Generall not to alight from his horse Nor yet to dismount from his horse in the day of battell and wherefore His armour light with a short trūchion in his hand No afront to the souldier deseruing it to be corrected by the Sergeant Maior Where the Sergeant Maior is to passe whē the army doth march But if the enemie be knowen to be in the rereward he is to passe in the rereward To reprehend the faults of the Sergeants If the arrayes be brokē to be ready to redresse them No Captaines or other vnder officers to passe the word stand but the Sergeāt Maior or other superior officer The Camp-maister as head of the Regiment the Sergeant Maior as guide of the battell The foot souldiers to alight frō their horses a myle ere they come to their lodging The place of alodgement to be first viewed by the Sergeāt Maior At their arriuall to frame his squadrons in the place of armes Orders to be obserued at the alodgement The place of armes to be kept all free and vnpestered The Sergeant Maior what he is to do at the first encampement of the army First to draw forth a corps de-guard some 80 pases without the ring of the emcampement The orders to be obserued 2 To reknowledge the quarters and to reforme all incombrances Pioners to amend combersome waies 3 To go to the Campe-maister generall or his marshall to receiue orders from him to sundry purposes as for the watch the ward gard for the munition to scout and discouer who to prouide wood and to assist in trenching Being with his owne regiment alone what he is to do The Sentinels how to be placed To consult with other officers To go to the Generall for the word and orders to be obserued To haue great care in placing the watches and gards To fore aduertise the souldiers by the drumme maior To reknowledge and view the places of gard and Sentinels To appoint them the order in going the roundes To visit and reuisit all the aforesaid orders To reprehend the faultie The negligence of Commanders breedes contempt in souldiers The encampement to be entrenched Where the corps de guard to be set Naturall fence good Great silence is to bee kept in the body of the watch The Sentinels what distance asunder and from the Corps de guard The Sentinels the wall of the campe therefore neare together Sentinels better double thē single The Sentinell vigilant silent and carefull In hearing or seeing any thing what the Sentinell is to do The single Sentinels where His dutie what to do Not to giue Alarme but vpon reasonable cause When to giue the Alarme Feare and imaginations do disturbe mēs senses To visite and reuisite the Sentinels at sundry houres in the night to good effectes The proper forlorne Sentinell what it is An example The forlorne Sētinell not to haue the word but a different Contersigne The order to be obserued in the day of the word With some the word doth passe no further then the Caporals Dangerous to trust the word with raw souldiers The Sentinell not hauing the word what to do The order to be obserued in taking the word by the officers and souldiers the one from the other The shot how The pike in what manner The officer or Rounde ought to giue the word vnto the Sentinell first The souldier set at Sentinell not bound to reknowledge any person without giuing the word The word is the meane in warre to exclude all deceipts The sight and hearing easily deceiued especially by night Example A fowle errour The Round finding the Sentinell vigilāt neede not alwayes approch neare him The Sentinell ought to suffer none to passe in or out of the campe without giuing the word The officer or Round Refusing to giue the word he may discharge as at an enemy How to deale with such as come into the campe Whē the Alarme is giuen what the Sētinels are to do Whē the Alarme is giuē what order is to be taken with the ensignes or companies The Generals guard and guard of the munition not to stirre To frame the squadrons with all diligence To enquire the cause of the Alarme To aduertise the Generall and Camp-maister thereof The cōpanies set in squadron not to disseuer without licence from the Generall To returne the Sentinels to their postes or stations To draw out of the grand Corps de guard other small Corps de guards The small Corps de guard to what effect What the Sergeant Maior is to do in the fact of battell The Romaines order was to fight in battallions The Greekes did fight in Phalangia or square Men slaine or hurt in the first rankes how to reforme the rankes The fore rankes to be alwayes kept full officers appointed to withdraw hurt and slaine men out of the battell To be skilfull in giuing a Camisada Example To conduct the souldiers with great silence vnto the Camisada To inuest their shirtes To performe with resolution and all celerity In such difficult attempts the Sergeant Maior to be conductor Example In Ambuscados the souldiors to be silent and ready To charge suddenly The Sergeant Maior to be solicitous with the generall for armour and other necessaries for his regiment How the same to be reparted To be the vniuersall procurer of the souldiers good Hurt or sicke men to be conueyed to the hospitals All vnder officers to assist the Sergeant Maior The carriage-maisters The Harbingers The Sergeants Lieutenant and Alferes Drumme Maior Caporals of the field The Sergeant Maiors Coadiutors The Sergeant Maiors Coadiutor The Sergeant Maior a general maister of all militarie discipline A procurer of the souldiers soules health in general Banishing all publike crimes and commō offenders The reward of a good officer both in heauen and earth