Selected quad for the lemma: order_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
order_n	face_n	left_a	rear_n	2,525	5	12.9005	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68294	Pallas armata, or Militarie instructions for the learned: and all generous spirits, who affect the profession of armes. The first part· Containing the exercise of infanterie, as well antient, as moderne: wherein are clearelie set downe all the postures and motions, belonging to battallions of foote	Kellie, Thomas, Sir.; Dickesonn, Charles, engraver.	1627 (1627)	STC 14906; ESTC S108042	73,922	161

see the first ranke is casting it selfe in a File behind the right hand man V. X. is a Fileing to the left hand where the first Ranke is going to File behind the left hand man and as the first Rankes in both doeth so yee must imagine the rest to doe in an instant Y. Z. is a Fileing to the right and left by division where yee see the halfe of the first Ranke falling in behind the right hand man and the other halfe of it behind the left hand man which also yee must conceiue the rest of the Rankes to doe The wordes of Command File Ranke as yee were Rankes File to the right hand Rankes File to the left hand Some say Rankes File by conversion to the right or left hand Files as yee were Rankes File to the right and left by division Or Rankes File by inversion to the right or left There is yet a Doubling of Files by wheeling the Rankes to the right or left hand If the word be to the right the right hand man turnes to the right and the rest of his Ranke wheele together and come aboue him on the left hand all the Rankes doeth the like If the command bee to the left the left hand man turnes to the left the rest of his Ranke commeth all aboue him on the right hand and so all the other Rankes CD AB The figure A. B. is a wheeling to the right hand where yee see the first Ranke wheeling about the right hand man and comming vp vpon his left hand C. D. is a wheeling to the left hand where the first Ranke is wheeling about the left hand man and comming vp on his right hand and so doth all the rest of the Rankes The words of Command Rankes as ye were Rankes wheele to the right hand Rankes wheele to the left hand Yee may wheele Rankes also to the right or left by division The use of Doubling of Files is to strengthen the deapth of your Battell to resist the Enemie The use of Doubling of Files when yee thinke hee mindes to breake through and diuide your forces It serues also to let the shot goe through your Files when ye are marching towards an Fort for which the first maner of Doubling is proper the Fileing of Rankes to the right or left hand Also to giue a Vollie of Musquetados vpon either Flanke or both or to make a streete for a Generall or some great Commander to goe through or else to lodge the Colours The Fileing of Rankes to the right or left or both by division or the wheeling of Rankes performeth this It serueth also to make your Forces seeme small to allure the Enemie to fight as did (u) Polien Strat. lib 2. in Cleandri §. 4. Cleandridas against the Leucans who first first drew out his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in a greath deapth whereby his enemies contemning his apparentlie small number did charge him but hee instantlie doubling his Ranks did encompasse them and ouerthrow them But ye must take heed as the Emperour (x) Leo Tact. c. 14. §. 109. Leo advertiseth in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. That when yee double the deapth of your Battell yee make not the Front of your Armie too narrow and so giue occasion to the Enemie to ouerfront you encompasse you which was (y) Polyb. histor lib. 1. §. 10. Marcus Attilius Regulus his error in the Battell against the Carthagenians for hee fearing the Forces of the Carthagenian Elephants to breake through his Armie drew his Battell to so great a deapth that it was easilie encompassed by the Carthagenian horse-men led by Zantippus the Lacedemonian and by them vtterlie defeate and himselfe taken prisoner For as too much weakening of the deapth and doubling the length of your Battell puts in danger to bee diuided and broken So too much Doubling the deapth and diminishing the length puts it in perrill to bee ouerwinged and encompassed And therefore a wise Commander will haue a care if his Front bee narrow to take the advantage of a Trench River or Marish thereby to secure his Flankes that the Enemie may not annoy him there and if hee can attaine to none of those yet to make use of his owne Waggons Obserue that this Motion of Doublings alters the forme of the Battell changing both the length and the deapth thereof which no other Motion doeth Obserue also that in Doubling the length of your Battell ye make the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in doubling the deapth ye make the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 described by (z) Aelian Tact. c. 29. Aelian (a) Aelian Tact. c. 28. Aelian speaketh of a Doubling of the deapth in place which is nothing but an opening of Rankes to a geater distance Of Evolution or Counter-March Tit. 8. EVolution or Countermarch called by the Grecians (a) Aelian Tact. c. 26. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a Motion of the whole Battell whereby the Front is brought in place of the Reare or one Flanke in place of the other And therefore Countermarch is two fold of Files or of Ranks and both of those saith (b) Aelian Tact. c. 26. Aelian is threefold for either they gaine ground in marching not in charging or loose ground or keepe that same ground the first is called the Macedonian Countermarch the second the Lacedemonian the third the Chorean or Persian The Macedonian Countermarch by File so called from the Macedonians who were the inventers and users of it is described by (c) Aelian Tact. c. 27. Aelian in those wordes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. When the File-Leader turneth his face and the bringer vp with all the rest goe against him on the right or left hand and passing on to the ground before the Frōt of the phalanx placeth themselues in order one after another according as the File Leader himselfe hath turned his face Or it is when the File-Leader turneth his face and the next to him passing by him on the right or left hand placeth himselfe behind him so all the rest one after another As ye shall see in the figure following EFABCD A B C D is the Battell before the Countermarch E F A B the Battell after the Countermarch which hath left the ground A B C D wherein it stood which yee see marked with points and taken the ground before it E F A B and are all faced about to the Reare A B which before the Countermarch was the Front doeth yet remaine the Front but the right hand File B D is become the left hand File B F and the left hand File A C the right hand File A E. the Reare C D is now the Reare E F. The wordes of Command Files Countermarch and gaine ground The Lacedemonian Countermarch by File so called from the Lacedemonians who invented and practised this Motion is set downe by (d) Aelian Tact. c. 27. Aelian in those

haue gotten the place of the corner Files and the Corner Files the place of the middle Files By this meanes P. Scipio making warre in Spaine against Asdrubal brought the Romans into the wings and the Confederates into the midst of his Battell whereby he overthrew Asdrubal as (n) Polyb. Hist lib. 11 Sect. 7. Polybius and (o) Livius decad 3. lib. 8. 204. Livius at more length reportes This is of excellent use in our discipline to bring the picks to the winges the Musquetiers to the midst of the Battell incase there were ane charge of Horse vpon both your Flanks for by this the Pickemen would receiue the charge of Horse and the Musquetiers giue fire vpon them Ye may also by this Motion double one wing with another to mak the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is done as before except that the Flanks doe not march through but when the Corner-File of the one Flanke is come in evin line and joyned with the Corner file of the other Flanke then yee command an halt and a faceing of them all to the Front Obserue that the Countermarch of Files of Rāks taks not the denomination à movente as would appeare but à loco in quo fit motus evolutionis for in a Countermarch of Files it is the Ranks that countermarches and moues downe through the distances betweene the Files the first Ranke beginning the second with the rest continuing the Motion till it bee ended In a Countermarch of Rankes the Files Countermarches and moues through the distances betwixt the Rankes the Corner-File which hath the command to Countermarch beginning the Motion and the rest of the Files continuing it vntill it bee finished And therefore in the Countermarch of Files the Motion is in the deapth of the Battell in the Countermarch of Rankes the Motion is in the length of the Battell Hence it is that the illustrious Count (p) Count Mansfield in his Direct of war Mansfield calleth a Coūtermarch of Rankes when the Front is brought in place of the Reare and a Countermarch of Files when one Flanke is brought in place of the other which is contrarie to the common appellation both of the Auncients and moderns or else I cannot see how hee can bee reconcealled vnto them Of Closiing and Opening the Battell Tit. 9. Closing is a drawing of the Battell to a lesse distance Opening an extending of it to a greater distance then it had before and both are either in length or in deapth And therefore two folde of Files and of Rankes Closing of Files is a contracting of the length of the Battell maintaining the samine deapth and it is threefolde for Files are either closed to the right hand or to the left or to the midle of the Battell The (a) Aelian Tact. c. 32. Greekes calleth these Motions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To thicken to the right wing or the left wing or the midst of the Phalanx (b) Leo. Tact. c. 7. §. 33. Leo calleth the closing to the right and left 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To bee thickned towardes the sides Aelian (c) Aelian d. cap. 32. sheweth how the closing to the right hād is to be done in those wordes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Ye must command the right hand corner File to stand still and the rest turning their faces to the Picke to advance forwards towardes the right hand vntill they haue gotten the distance commanded the second File first taking his distance and the rest their distance from him and then all to face as they were ABCD The figure A B C D is the boundes where the Battell stood at open order imagine then the right hand File B D to haue stood still and the rest of the Files to haue marched from the left Flanke A C. towardes the right B D so that they are contracted to halfe the boundes they possessed before the closing and therefore standes at order or the distance of three foote from A C to the left hand File is the boundes which is left after the closing wherein the halfe of the Battell did stand before the closing to wit the 10. 9. 8. 7. and 6. Files so that the 10. File doeth now stand in the place where the 6. stood before the closing If yee close Files to the left hand yee must make the left hand corner File stand still and the rest facing to the Target advance forward to the left hand as the former did to the right vntill they haue all gotten their distance requyred and then they face as they were EFGH E F G H is a closing to the left hand where yee must conceiue the left hand File E G to haue stood still and the rest of the Files to haue advanced from the right Flanke F H vntill they haue contracted themselves as yee see so that they possesse only the halfe of the boundes they had before they closed From F H to the right hand File is the boundes wherein the halfe of the Battell stoode before the closing to wit the 1. 2. 3. 4. and 5 Files so that the first File possesseth now the place which the fyft had If yee would close your Battell to the middle Aelian d. c. 32. saith Aelian yee command the two middle Files to stand still and then the diphalanx that is the halfe Battell on the right wing to face to the Target and the diphalanx on the left wing to face to the Picke and then to moue forwards to the middle of the phalanx the two middle files also close and so after they haue gotten their true distance they face as they were IKLMNO This figure is a closing of the Battell to the middle The middle Files in K N that is the 5 6 files stands still The halfe Battell K L N O moues from the right Flanke L O towards the midle K N The halfe Battell I K M N moues from the left Flanke I M towards the middle K N so that the whole Battell I L M O is closed to halfe the distance it had before leauing the boundes voyde on the right Flanke L O where the first and second File and on the left Flanke I M where the 9. and 10. did stand The wordes of Command To your order or clo order Files close to the right hand Files close to the left hand Files close to the middle or as some say Files close for when the Command is onelie for Files to close without nameing any hand it is to bee vnderstood a closing to the middle Our Scotes words of Command To your first or second distance Close your Stringes to the right hand Close your Stringes to the left hand Close your Stringes Some will Close Files to the right and left by division making the halfe Battell on the right hand moue from the middle to the right hand File and the other halfe on the left hand

to the left hand File leauing the voide distāce in the middle which other closings leaues vpon the wings as if the halfe Battell should moue from K N to L O and the other halfe from K N to I M with this word of Command Files close to the right or left by division to your order or close order To reduce your Files after closing to their first posture or station is to open Files to the distance they had before their closing of which I shall shortly speake (c) Aelian Tact. c. 32. Aelian saith that closing of Files is to bee done by facing as indeed it is the most fitte action How the Motion is to bee performed but I haue seene many Commanders in exercise use this Motion without any Facing only mouing sydelings to the hand to which the command is to close and forsooth they will defend this to bee good because say they Facing in so small a bounds as a private company taketh vp is needlesse but I say they maintaine ane errour for laying aside the authoritie of the Grecian practise which justly may bee tearmed the touchstone of martiall discipline they are easily convinced by reasone because Facing performes the Motion more assuredly and more gracefully then going asydwayes seeing their steps are not sure being subject to stumbling neither the actiō comly and although the first or second file next the hand to which they close haue but a litle ground to goe Yet the ground doth accresse according as the Files are remoued from the standing File which our blunt Commanders doth not consider so that the vttermost File must marche the halfe of the boundes wherein the battell stoode before the closing as for example Say yee had a single company of 200 men making you 20 in Front and standing at open order sixe foote betwixt Files The bounds that the length of your Battell takes vp is 120 foote this is found by multiplying the number of your men in Front by the distance they stand in as 20 multiplied be 6 the factum is 120 if then yee command Files to close to the right hand to their order or distance of 3 foot the left hand File shall haue 60 foote of ground to march before he close to his distance requyred which if hee march sydelings yee may easily consider what a stedfast and gracefull Motion it will bee The Argument then is evident The most assured and most gracefull Motion is the best Motion But so it is that closing of Files by facing according to the Grecian forme is the most assured and most gracefull Motion Ergo Closing of Files by Facing is the best The major I hope no man vvill deny The minor I haue alreadie proven This I thought good to aduertise you whom I would wish to learne the Arte Militare scientifice and not according to the vulgare 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for there are manie men who pertinaciously will maintaine their badde customes and will obtrude them for precepts and good Laws vpon men as also I haue knowne manie Commanders more fraught with a Thrasonicall ostentation then any skill to performe their charge Closing of Rankes is a contracting of the deapth of the Battell Of Closing of Rankes and it is performed one way only to wit towards the Front which is thus done The File-leaders or first Ranke stands still the second Ranke comes vp and closes to the distance commanded the rest of the Rankes moue vp and close to the samine distance euerie man taking his distance from his Leader PQRS This figure P Q R S is the boundes wherein your Battell stood at open order or distance of 6. foote betwixt Rankes Now the deapth is contracted and the Ranks hath marched vp from the Reare R.S. and closed towards the Front P Q. to their order or distance of 3 foote so that your Rankes possesses only the halfe of the boundes they had before the closing from R S to the 10 Ranke is the voyd ground wherein the halfe of your Rankes did stand before your closing to wit the 10.9.8.7 6. so that the 10 Ranke stands now in the place where the 6 stoode before the closing The wordes of Command Close your Rankes to your order or close order Our wordes of Command Rankes close to your second or third distance The Emperour (d) Leo Tact. c. 7. §. 84. Leo speakes of a closing of Rankes backwards to the Reare which he calles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 this Motion because it is not commodious nor yet aggreeable to our moderne practise I will not touche OPening OF opening of Files is an extension of the length or deapth of the Battell and therefore is twofolde of Files or of Rankes Opening of Files is an extension of the length of the Battell in place and it is threefolde as was the closing For Files are opened to the right hand or to the left hand or to both Opening of Files to the right hand is thus performed The left hand File stands still the next File vnto it first taketh its distance pressing vpon the next File on the right hand and so the rest of the Files successivelie still presseth upon the right hand till they haue all obtained the distance commanded TVXY TVXY is an opening of Files to the right hand where yee must conceiue the left hand File TX which is the 10 to stand still so ye see the 9 and 8 to haue already taken their distance and the rest of the Files to be moueing towards the right hand VY till they haue all gotten their distance required In opening of Files to the left hand ye must doe the contrare way for yee make the right hand File stands still and the rest to open towardes the left stil pressing vpon the left hand as the former did vpon the right hand till they haue all gotten the distance commanded and so both of them taketh vp the double of the boundes they stood in before ABCD ABCD is an opening of Files to the left hand where the right hand File BD stands still The 2 and 3 haue already gottē their distance the rest are moving towards the left hand AC till they also get their distance required Opening of Files to both hands is performed thus The two middlemost Files presse vpon the Flāks the one vpon the right the other vpon the left and take their distances and standes the rest of the Files on both Flanks takes their distance from them moving the one halfe to the right and the other to the left hand till they haue all gotten their distance commanded EFGH EFGH is an opening of Files to both hands where yee see the two middlemost Files to haue gotte their distance the fyft hauing pressed vpon the right Flanke FH The sixt vpon the left EG the files next vnto them the 4 vpon the right Flanke and the 7. vpon the left hath also taken their distance The rest are mouing vpon both Flankes till

they likewise get their distance commanded so that in this Motion as in the other openings the Battell shall possesse in length after it bee fully opened the double of the ground it had before the opening The words of Command for these Motions To your open oder or any order else Files open to the right hand Files open to the left hand Files open to the right and left Or as some say open both wayes and some onlie files open for when there is no nomination of any hand it is vnderstoode as before in closing an opening from the middle to both hands Our wordes of Command To your first distance or any distance else Open your Stringes to the right hand Open your Stringes to the left hand Open your Stringes OPening of Rankes is an extension of the deapth of the Battell in place and is performed but one way to witte towardes the Reare which is thus done The File-leaders or the first Ranke standes still and the rest of the Rankes falles backwardes towards the Reare vntill the second Ranke haue gotten its distance which then standes the rest of the Rankes moues still backwardes vntill they all haue gotten their distance commanded IKLM IKLM is an Opening of Rankes where yee see the 2 and 3. Ranks hath moued backwards and hath alreadie taken their distance and ye must conceiue the rest of the Rankes to be mouing from the Front IK backwardes to the Reare LM vntill they all get their distance required The wordes of Command Rankes open to your open order or any order else Our wordes of Command Open your Rankes to your first distance or any distance else Some vse an opening of Rankes also forwards from the Reare to the Front if the ground permitt The action of these Motions of opening which I haue now showne both of Files and Rankes by making the Files presse vpon their Sydmen and the Ranks vpon their Followers is according to our common moderne exercise which differs much from the action of the Ancient (e) Aelian Tact. c. 32. Greeks for they in opening Files and Rankes did performe the Motion by Facing but in my opinion our common forme is rather to bee followed for although it want not its owne inconvenients beeing subject to stumbling on stobbs stones or holes in the way Yet in respect the terminus ad quem is not certaine nor seene as it was in closing of Files and Rankes The last Ranke or the vttermost File which beginneth the Motion of opening shall never bee assured where to stand or in what part to set themselues to giue a due competent ground to all the Rankes or Files to take their distance commanded neither can the samine be discerned be the ey of the Commander and therefore the Motion must bee begun and the distance must first be takin from the terminus à quo which is seene and certaine to wit the Ranke or File that stands and so euerie one after other shall assuredly get their distance commanded which they could not do behind their backs if they used a Facing but in this I submit my selfe to the judgement of the more learned For I think also that Souldiers may bee taught to take their distance by pacing Obserue that closing and opening both of Files and Ranks are one anothers reducemēts as if ye closed Files to the right hand and would reduce them to their first station command them to open to the left if ye opened Files to the left hand to bring them as they were yee must close Files to the right hand if yee closed to the middle open to the right and left by division and so they are reduced è contra Againe if yee close ranks forwards open them backwards and so yee bring them as they were è contra (f) Aelian Tact. e. 28. Aelian calleth an opening of Files or Rankes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a doubling of the length or deapth in place which in my opinion is not fitly spokin for although Files and Rankes bee opened to a greater distance yet the Battell cannot bee said to bee doubled The use of opening and closing the Battell in length and deapth yee may finde (g) Supra Tit. 3. before when I spoke of distances to the which I remitt you for I will repeat nothing only this I adde that Battells are opened and closed when a Generall will make his Armie appeare strong or weake according as hee mindes to terrifie or allure the enemie Files are closed to the right or laft hand when a troupe of Horse or Foote or Waggones with bagadge are to passe betwixt either of your Flankes and some strait Files are closed to the right and left by division when yee will make a streete through your Battell for a Generall or some great Commander to passe Of Conversion or VVheeling Tit 10. COnversion or Wheeling is a Motion of the whole Battell towards the Flankes or Reare changing the ground And therefore Wheeling is two fold the one when the Battell makes a quarter turne to the right or left Flanke which the Greeks calles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or conuersion the other when it makes an halfe turne to the Reare be the right or left hand and this they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or inflexion no other languadge except the Greeke doth expresse this Motion in two seuerall wordes Epistrophe is described clearely by (a) Aelian Tact. c. 24. Aelian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c When closing the Battell bee the Sydemen and the followers we turne it whollie as the Body of an man either to the Picke or the Target it beeing carryed about the corner File-leader as about a center and changing the place of the Front transfer the countenance of the Souldiers to the right or left Flanke (b) Aelian Tact. c. 31. Aelian in an other place setteth it down more amplie it is thus to be performed Ye must commād the Files to close to the hand to which ye mean to Wheele the Rankes to close also forwardes Then yee cause the Corner File-leader on the samine hand to stand still as the fixed foote of a compasse but moueing in his owne place and all the rest keeping their Files and Rankes closed to turne to the samine hand joyntly about the corner File-leader vntill the Front of your Battell be towards the Flank to which yee Wheele so that the Front of the Battell beeing wheeled falles like a perpendicular line vpon the Front of the Battell before it Wheeled making a right angle of 90 degrees at the corner File-leader about whome they Wheele and the Flanke falles vpon the Front as a parallel which the figure following showeth ABCDEF GHIKLM The figure ABCDEF is An Epistrophe or whee ling to the right hand CDEF is the Battell before the Wheeling whereof CD is the Front DF the right hand File The Command beeing given the right hand File-leader D who is thus marked * stands in his place