his_o design_n to_o eight_o of_o his_o principal_n intimate_v among_o who_o don_n michael_n and_o monsignor_n d'_fw-fr euna_n be_v two_o and_o appoint_v that_o when_o vitellozzo_n pagolo_n ursini_n the_o duke_n de_fw-fr gravina_n and_o oliverotto_n shall_v come_v to_o meet_v he_o two_o of_o his_o favourite_n shall_v be_v sure_a to_o order_v it_o so_o as_o to_o get_v one_o of_o the_o ursini_n betwixt_o they_o assign_v every_o couple_n his_o man_n and_o entertain_v they_o till_o they_o come_v to_o sinigaglia_n with_o express_a injunction_n not_o to_o part_v with_o they_o upon_o any_o term_n till_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o duke_n lodging_n and_o take_v into_o custody_n after_o this_o he_o order_v his_o whole_a army_n horse_n and_o foot_n which_o consist_v of_o 2000_o of_o the_o first_o and_o 10000_o of_o the_o latter_a to_o be_v ready_o draw_v up_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o metauro_n about_o five_o mile_n distant_a from_o fano_fw-la and_o to_o expect_v his_o arrival_n be_v come_v up_o to_o they_o upon_o the_o metauro_n he_o command_v out_o two_o hundred_o horse_n as_o a_o forlorn_a and_o then_o cause_v the_o foot_n to_o march_v he_o bring_v up_o the_o rear_n himself_o with_o the_o remainder_n fano_fw-la and_o sinigaglia_n be_v two_o city_n in_o la_fw-fr marca_n seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o about_o 15_o mile_n so_o that_o travel_v up_o towards_o sinigaglia_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v so_o near_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v almost_o wash_v by_o the_o water_n &_o at_o the_o great_a distance_n they_o be_v not_o above_o two_o mile_n the_o city_n of_o sinigaglia_n from_o these_o mountain_n be_v not_o above_o a_o flight_n shoot_v and_o the_o tide_n come_v up_o within_o less_o than_o a_o mile_n by_o the_o side_n of_o this_o town_n there_o be_v a_o little_a river_n which_o run_v close_o by_o the_o wall_n next_o fano_fw-la and_o be_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o road_n so_o that_o he_o who_o come_v to_o sinigaglia_n pass_v a_o long_a way_n under_o the_o mountain_n and_o be_v come_v to_o the_o river_n which_o run_v by_o sinigaglia_n turn_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n upon_o the_o bank_n which_o within_o a_o bow_n shoot_v bring_v he_o to_o a_o bridge_n over_o the_o say_a river_n almost_o right_o against_o the_o gate_n before_o the_o gate_n there_o be_v a_o little_a bourg_n with_o a_o marketplace_n one_o side_n of_o which_o be_v shoulder_v up_o by_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n the_o vitelli_n and_o ursini_n have_v conclude_v to_o attend_v the_o duke_n themselves_o and_o to_o pay_v their_o personal_a respect_n to_o make_v room_n for_o his_o man_n have_v draw_v off_o their_o own_o and_o dispose_v they_o into_o certain_a castle_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o six_o mile_n only_o they_o have_v leave_v in_o sinigaglia_n oliveretto_fw-it with_o a_o party_n of_o about_o 1000_o foot_n and_o 150_o horse_n which_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o say_v bourg_n thing_n be_v in_o this_o order_n duke_z valentine_z approach_v but_o when_o his_o horse_n in_o the_o van_n come_v up_o to_o the_o bridge_n they_o do_v not_o pass_v but_o open_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o wheel_v away_o they_o make_v room_n for_o the_o foot_n who_o march_v immediate_o into_o the_o town_n vitellozzo_n pagolo_n and_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr gravina_n advance_v upon_o their_o mule_n to_o wait_v upon_o duke_n valentine_n vitellozzo_n be_v unarm_v in_o a_o cap_n line_v with_o green_a very_o sad_a and_o melancholy_a as_o if_o he_o have_v have_v some_o foresight_n of_o his_o destiny_n which_o consider_v his_o former_a courage_n and_o exploit_n be_v admire_v by_o every_o body_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o when_o he_o come_v from_o his_o house_n in_o order_n to_o meet_v duke_n valentine_n at_o sinigaglia_n he_o take_v his_o last_o leave_n very_o solemn_o of_o every_o body_n he_o recommend_v his_o family_n and_o its_o fortune_n to_o the_o chief_a of_o his_o officer_n and_o admonish_v his_o grandchild_n not_o so_o much_o to_o commemorate_v the_o fortune_n as_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o their_o ancestor_n these_o three_o prince_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o duke_n valentine_n salute_v he_o with_o great_a civility_n and_o be_v as_o civil_o receive_v and_o each_o of_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o person_n appoint_v to_o secure_v they_o be_v single_v and_o dispose_v betwixt_o two_o of_o they_o but_o the_o duke_n perceive_v that_o oliveretto_fw-it be_v want_v who_o be_v leave_v behind_o with_o his_o regiment_n and_o have_v draw_v it_o up_o in_o the_o marketplace_n for_o the_o great_a formality_n he_o wink_v upon_o don_n michael_n to_o who_o the_o care_n of_o oliveretto_fw-it be_v assign_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o provide_v he_o may_v not_o escape_v upon_o this_o intimation_n don_n michael_n clap_v spur_n to_o his_o horse_n and_o rid_v before_o and_o be_v come_v up_o to_o oliveretto_fw-it he_o tell_v he_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a to_o keep_v his_o man_n to_o their_o arm_n for_o unless_o they_o be_v send_v present_o to_o their_o quarter_n they_o will_v be_v take_v up_o for_o the_o duke_n wherefore_o he_o persuade_v he_o to_o dismiss_v they_o and_o go_v with_o he_o to_o the_o duke_n oliveretto_fw-it follow_v his_o counsel_n go_v along_o with_o he_o to_o the_o duke_n who_o no_o soon_o see_v he_o but_o he_o call_v he_o to_o he_o and_o oliveretto_fw-it have_v pay_v his_o ceremony_n fall_v in_o with_o the_o rest_n be_v come_v into_o the_o town_n and_o come_v up_o to_o the_o duke_n quarter_n they_o all_o dismount_v and_o attend_v he_o up_o where_o be_v carry_v by_o he_o into_o a_o private_a chamber_n they_o be_v instant_o arrest_v and_o make_v prisoner_n the_o duke_n immediate_o mount_v and_o command_v their_o soldier_n shall_v be_v all_o of_o they_o disarm_v oliveretto_n regiment_n be_v so_o near_o at_o hand_n be_v plunder_v into_o the_o bargain_n the_o brigade_n which_o belong_v to_o vitelli_n and_o ursini_n be_v at_o great_a distance_n and_o have_v notice_n of_o what_o have_v happen_v to_o their_o general_n have_v time_n to_o unite_v and_o remember_v the_o discipline_n and_o courage_n of_o their_o master_n they_o keep_v close_o together_o and_o march_v away_o in_o spite_n both_o of_o the_o country_n people_n and_o their_o enemy_n but_o duke_n valentine_n soldier_n not_o content_a with_o the_o pillage_n of_o oliveretto_n soldier_n fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o town_n and_o have_v not_o the_o duke_n by_o the_o death_n of_o several_a of_o they_o repress_v their_o insolence_n sinigaglia_n have_v be_v ruin_v the_o night_n come_v on_o and_o the_o tumult_n appease_v the_o duke_n begin_v to_o think_v of_o his_o prisoner_n resolve_v vitellozzo_n and_o oliveretto_fw-it shall_v die_v and_o have_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v guard_v into_o a_o convenient_a place_n he_o command_v they_o shall_v be_v strangle_v but_o they_o say_v nothing_o at_o their_o death_n that_o be_v answerable_a to_o their_o life_n for_o vitellozzo_n beg_v only_o that_o the_o pope_n may_v be_v supplicate_v in_o his_o behalf_n for_o a_o plenary_a indulgence_n oliveretto_fw-it impeach_v vitellozzo_n and_o lay_v all_o upon_o his_o back_n pagolo_n and_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr gravina_n be_v continue_v alive_a till_o the_o duke_n have_v information_n that_o his_o holiness_n at_o rome_n have_v seize_v upon_o the_o cardinal_n orsino_n the_o archbishop_n of_o florence_n and_o messer_n jacopo_n da_fw-it santa_fw-it croce_n upon_o which_o news_n on_o the_o 18_o of_o january_n they_o also_o be_v both_o strangle_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o piene_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o state_n of_o france_z in_o a_o abridgement_n write_v by_o nicolo_n machiavelli_n secretary_n of_o florence_n the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v at_o this_o time_n more_o rich_a and_o more_o powerful_a than_o ever_o and_o for_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o the_o crown_n pass_v by_o succession_n of_o blood_n be_v become_v rich_a because_o in_o case_n where_o the_o king_n have_v no_o son_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o his_o paternal_a estate_n it_o fall_v all_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o this_o have_v many_o time_n happen_v have_v be_v a_o great_a corroboration_n as_o particular_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o anjou_n and_o at_o present_a the_o same_o be_v like_a to_o fall_v out_o to_o this_o king_n who_o have_v no_o son_n the_o duchy_n of_o orleans_n and_o state_n of_o milan_n his_o hereditary_a country_n be_v like_a to_o devolve_v upon_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o at_o this_o day_n most_o of_o the_o good_a town_n in_o france_n be_v in_o the_o crown_n and_o few_o remain_v to_o particular_a person_n a_o second_o great_a reason_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o that_o king_n be_v that_o whereas_o heretofore_o france_n be_v not_o entire_a but_o subject_a to_o
continual_o upon_o they_o they_o will_v become_v grievous_a to_o the_o subject_a and_o give_v they_o occasion_n to_o complain_v of_o you_o cosimo_n what_o number_n will_v you_o have_v and_o how_o will_v you_o arm_v they_o fab._n you_o be_v too_o quick_a and_o pass_v from_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o i_o will_v answer_v you_o to_o that_o in_o another_o place_n when_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o how_o the_o foot_n be_v to_o be_v arm_v and_o prepare_v for_o a_o field_n battle_n the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._n what_o arm_n be_v most_o use_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o war_n fabr._n when_o you_o have_v raise_v your_o man_n the_o next_o thing_n be_v to_o furnish_v they_o with_o arm_n and_o before_o you_o do_v that_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o examine_v what_o arm_n be_v most_o use_v by_o the_o ancient_n and_o choose_v the_o best_a the_o roman_n divide_v their_o infantry_n into_o those_o who_o be_v complete_o and_o those_o who_o be_v slight_o arm_v those_o who_o be_v light_o arm_v be_v call_v velite_n under_o which_o name_n all_o be_v comprehend_v who_o carry_v bow_n and_o sling_n and_o dart_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v casque_n upon_o their_o head_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o buckler_n upon_o their_o arm_n they_o fight_v in_o no_o order_n and_o at_o distance_n from_o those_o who_o be_v arm_v complete_o their_o arm_n consist_v of_o a_o head-piece_n or_o morrion_n which_o come_v down_o to_o the_o shoulder_n a_o brigandine_n down_o to_o their_o knee_n their_o leg_n and_o arm_n be_v cover_v with_o greeves_n and_o gauntlet_n a_o buckler_n cover_v with_o iron_n about_o two_o yard_n long_o and_o one_o broad_a a_o iron_n ring_n about_o it_o without_o to_o keep_v off_o the_o blow_n and_o another_o within_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o dirt_n when_o it_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n their_o offensive_a weapon_n be_v a_o sword_n at_o their_o left_a thigh_n about_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a long_a with_o a_o dagger_n on_o their_o right_a side_n they_o carry_v a_o dart_n in_o their_o hand_n which_o they_o call_v pilum_fw-la which_o upon_o a_o a_o charge_v they_o dart_v at_o the_o enemy_n these_o be_v the_o arm_n with_o which_o the_o roman_n conquer_v the_o whole_a world_n and_o though_o some_o of_o their_o ancient_a writer_n do_v give_v they_o a_o spear_n in_o form_n of_o a_o spit_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o such_o a_o weapon_n can_v be_v handle_v by_o one_o that_o carry_v such_o a_o buckler_n for_o it_o be_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v manage_v with_o one_o hand_n beside_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o front_n where_o they_o have_v room_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o use_v they_o in_o their_o rank_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o battle_n be_v such_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o that_o they_o do_v always_o contract_v and_o keep_v close_a as_o be_v in_o much_o less_o danger_n than_o when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o loose_a and_o at_o a_o distance_n so_o that_o in_o that_o close_a order_n all_o arm_n that_o be_v above_o two_o yard_n long_o be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v for_o have_v a_o spear_n that_o be_v to_o be_v manage_v with_o both_o hand_n if_o your_o buckler_n be_v no_o hindrance_n it_o can_v not_o hurt_v your_o enemy_n when_o he_o be_v near_o if_o you_o take_v it_o in_o one_o hand_n and_o manage_v your_o buckler_n with_o the_o other_o you_o must_v take_v it_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o then_o there_o will_v be_v so_o much_o of_o it_o behind_o that_o they_o who_o come_v after_o you_o will_v hinder_v you_o from_o handle_v it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v true_a either_o the_o roman_n have_v no_o such_o hastae_fw-la or_o if_o they_o have_v they_o make_v but_o little_a use_n of_o they_o for_o if_o you_o read_v the_o history_n of_o titus_n livius_n in_o the_o description_n of_o all_o his_o battle_n you_o will_v scarce_o ever_o find_v he_o mention_n those_o hastae_fw-la but_o tell_v you_o all_o along_o that_o have_v darâ—ed_v their_o pila_fw-la they_o fall_v to_o the_o sword_n my_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v that_o this_o hasta_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o that_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_n we_o make_v use_v of_o their_o sword_n and_o buckler_n and_o other_o arm_n without_o trouble_v ourselves_o with_o that_o the_o grecian_n for_o their_o defence_n do_v not_o arm_v so_o heavy_o as_o the_o roman_n but_o for_o offence_n they_o rely_v more_o upon_o the_o spear_n than_o the_o sword_n especial_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n who_o carry_v of_o those_o javelin_n which_o they_o call_v sarissae_n with_o which_o they_o break_v the_o enemy_n battle_n and_o keep_v their_o own_o firm_a and_o entire_a and_o though_o some_o writer_n say_v that_o they_o also_o have_v their_o buckler_n yet_o i_o know_v not_o for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a how_o they_o can_v consist_v beside_o in_o the_o battle_n betwixt_o paulus_n emilius_n and_o perseus_n king_n of_o macedon_n i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o any_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o any-buckler_n but_o only_o of_o their_o sarissae_n and_o yet_o the_o roman_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o overcome_v they_o so_o that_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v just_o such_o a_o body_n as_o the_o swisser_n battalion_n who_o whole_a force_n lie_v in_o their_o 〈◊〉_d the_o roman_n be_v likewise_o accustom_v to_o adorn_v their_o soldier_n with_o plume_n of_o feather_n in_o their_o cap_n which_o render_v a_o army_n beautiful_a to_o their_o friend_n and_o terrible_a to_o their_o enemy_n in_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o roman_a war_n their_o horse_n use_v a_o round_a shield_n a_o helmet_n upon_o their_o head_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o body_n naked_a their_o offensive_a arm_n be_v a_o sword_n and_o javelin_n with_o a_o long_a thin_a spike_n at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o so_o be_v encumber_a with_o shield_n and_o javelin_n they_o can_v use_v neither_o of_o they_o well_o and_o be_v unarm_v they_o be_v more_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n afterward_o they_o come_v to_o arm_v themselves_o like_o their_o foot_n only_o their_o shield_n be_v a_o little_o short_a and_o squarer_n their_o lance_n or_o javelin_n thick_a with_o pike_n at_o each_o end_n that_o if_o by_o accident_n one_o of_o they_o shall_v miscarry_v the_o other_o may_v be_v serviceable_a with_o these_o arm_n both_o for_o horse_n and_o foot_n my_o countryman_n the_o roman_n go_v through_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o by_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o success_n it_o be_v likely_a they_o be_v as_o well_o account_v as_o any_o army_n ever_o be_v and_o titus_n livius_n in_o many_o place_n of_o his_o history_n make_v it_o credible_a where_o compare_v the_o army_n of_o the_o enemy_n say_v but_o the_o roman_n for_o courage_n fashion_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o discipline_n be_v before_o they_o all_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n i_o have_v choose_v to_o speak_v particular_o rather_o of_o the_o conqueror_n arm_n than_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o conquer_a it_o follow_v now_o that_o i_o say_v something_o of_o the_o way_n of_o arm_v at_o present_a chap._n ii_o of_o the_o arm_n which_o be_v use_v at_o present_a and_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o pike_n fabritio_n the_o soldier_n of_o our_o time_n do_v wear_v for_o defensive_a arm_n back_o and_o breast_n and_o for_o offensive_a a_o lance_n nine_o yard_n long_o which_o they_o call_v a_o pike_n with_o a_o sword_n by_o their_o side_n rather_o round_o than_o sharp_a these_o be_v general_o the_o arm_n which_o they_o wear_v at_o this_o day_n few_o wear_v greaves_n and_o gauntlet_n and_o none_o at_o all_o headpiece_n those_o few_o who_o have_v no_o pike_n do_v carry_v halberd_n the_o staff_n three_o yard_n long_o and_o the_o head_n like_o a_o axe_n they_o have_v among_o they_o musquetier_v who_o with_o their_o fire_n arm_n do_v the_o same_o service_n which_o be_v do_v former_o by_o the_o bow_n and_o sling_n this_o manner_n of_o arm_v with_o pike_n be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o german_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o swisser_n who_o be_v poor_a and_o desirous_a to_o preserve_v their_o liberty_n be_v and_o be_v still_o necessitate_v to_o contend_v against_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n who_o be_v rich_a and_o able_a to_o entertain_v horse_n which_o the_o swisser_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v so_o that_o their_o force_n consist_v principal_o in_o foot_n be_v to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o enemy_n horse_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o revive_v the_o old_a way_n of_o draw_v up_o and_o find_v out_o arm_n that_o may_v defend_v they_o against_o they_o this_o necessity_n put_v they_o upon_o continue_v or_o revive_v the_o old_a order_n without_o which_o as_o every_o wiseman_n know_v the_o foot_n will_v be_v useless_a for_o which_o cause_n they_o
you_o the_o way_n of_o order_v a_o battle_n or_o army_n you_o may_v not_o find_v yourself_o confound_v i_o say_v therefore_o that_o a_o king_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v to_o order_v his_o subject_n which_o he_o design_n for_o the_o war_n with_o these_o arm_n and_o into_o these_o division_n and_o raise_v as_o many_o battalion_n as_o his_o country_n will_v afford_v and_o when_o he_o have_v dispose_v they_o so_o be_v to_o exercise_v they_o in_o order_n he_o be_v to_o exercise_v they_o in_o their_o several_a division_n and_o although_o the_o number_n of_o each_o of_o they_o can_v bear_v the_o form_n of_o a_o just_a army_n yet_o thereby_o every_o man_n may_v learn_v what_o belong_v to_o his_o own_o duty_n because_o in_o army_n there_o be_v two_o order_n observe_v one_o what_o man_n be_v to_o do_v in_o every_o battle_n or_o division_n distinct_o and_o the_o other_o what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v when_o unite_a with_o the_o rest_n and_o those_o man_n who_o know_v the_o first_o well_o will_v easy_o learn_v the_o other_o but_o without_o knowledge_n of_o the_o first_o they_o will_v never_o arrive_v at_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o second_o every_o one_o then_o of_o these_o company_n may_v learn_v by_o itself_o to_o keep_v the_o order_n of_o their_o rank_n in_o all_o motion_n and_o place_n to_o open_v and_o close_o and_o understand_v the_o direction_n of_o their_o drum_n by_o which_o all_o thing_n be_v command_v in_o a_o battle_n for_o by_o beat_v of_o that_o as_o by_o the_o whistle_n in_o the_o galley_n every_o man_n know_v what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v whether_o to_o stand_v firm_a to_o his_o ground_n to_o advance_v or_o fall_v back_o and_o which_o way_n they_o be_v to_o turn_v their_o face_n and_o arm_n so_o that_o understand_v the_o order_n of_o their_o file_n in_o that_o exactness_n that_o no_o motion_n nor_o no_o place_n can_v disorder_v they_o understand_v the_o command_n of_o their_o officer_n derive_v to_o they_o by_o his_o drum_n and_o how_o to_o advance_v &_o fall_v back_o into_o their_o place_n these_o company_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o as_o soon_o as_o join_v may_v easy_o be_v teach_v what_o a_o unite_a body_n of_o all_o the_o battalion_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v when_o they_o be_v draw_v together_o into_o a_o army_n and_o because_o this_o universal_a practice_n be_v of_o no_o slight_a importance_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a once_o or_o twice_o in_o a_o year_n to_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o general_a rendezvous_n and_o give_v they_o the_o form_n of_o a_o army_n exercise_v they_o for_o some_o day_n as_o if_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v a_o battle_n with_o a_o enemy_n draw_v they_o up_o and_o dispose_v they_o into_o front_n flank_n and_o reserve_v and_o because_o a_o general_a order_n his_o army_n for_o a_o battle_n either_o upon_o the_o sight_n or_o apprehension_n of_o a_o enemy_n he_o be_v to_o exercise_v his_o army_n according_o and_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o behave_v themselves_o upon_o a_o march_n and_o how_o in_o a_o battle_n and_o how_o upon_o a_o charge_n either_o upon_o one_o side_n or_o other_o when_o they_o be_v exercise_v as_o if_o a_o enemy_n be_v before_o they_o they_o be_v to_o be_v teach_v how_o they_o be_v to_o begin_v the_o fight_n how_o they_o be_v to_o retreat_v upon_o a_o repulse_n who_o be_v to_o succeed_v in_o their_o place_n what_o colour_n what_o drum_n what_o word_n of_o command_n they_o be_v to_o obey_v and_o so_o to_o train_v they_o up_o and_o accustom_v they_o to_o these_o false_a alarm_n and_o counterfeit_a battle_n that_o at_o length_n they_o become_v impatient_a to_o be_v at_o it_o in_o earnest_n for_o a_o army_n be_v not_o make_v valiant_a and_o courageous_a for_o have_v brave_a and_o valiant_a man_n in_o it_o but_o for_o the_o good_a order_n which_o be_v observe_v for_o if_o i_o be_v in_o the_o forlorn_a and_o know_v be_v beat_v whither_o i_o be_o to_o retire_v and_o who_o be_v to_o succeed_v in_o my_o place_n i_o shall_v fight_v bold_o because_o my_o relief_n be_v at_o hand_n if_o i_o be_v of_o the_o second_o body_n that_o be_v to_o engage_v the_o distress_n or_o repulse_n of_o the_o first_o will_v not_o fright_v i_o because_o i_o consider_v it_o may_v happen_v before_o and_o perhaps_o desire_v it_o that_o i_o may_v have_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o victory_n and_o not_o they_o where_o a_o army_n be_v new_a this_o way_n of_o exercise_v be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o where_o it_o be_v old_a it_o be_v convenient_a for_o we_o see_v the_o roman_a captain_n before_o they_o bring_v they_o to_o fight_v continual_o exercise_v their_o man_n after_o this_o manner_n though_o they_o have_v be_v bring_v up_o to_o their_o arms._n josephus_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n that_o this_o continual_a exercise_v in_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o all_o the_o multitude_n of_o idle_a people_n which_o follow_v the_o camp_n either_o for_o traffic_n or_o gain_n be_v make_v useful_a and_o serviceable_a because_o they_o understand_v their_o order_n and_o rank_n and_o how_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n but_o if_o you_o have_v raise_v a_o army_n of_o young_a man_n never_o in_o the_o war_n before_o whether_o you_o intend_v they_o for_o present_a service_n or_o to_o establish_v they_o as_o militia_n and_o engage_v they_o afterward_o without_o this_o way_n of_o exercise_v by_o single_a company_n and_o sometime_o a_o conjunction_n of_o they_o all_o you_o do_v nothing_o for_o order_v be_v perfect_o necessary_a it_o be_v convenient_a with_o double_a industry_n and_o labour_n to_o teach_v such_o as_o be_v not_o skilful_a already_o and_o practice_v such_o as_o be_v as_o we_o have_v see_v several_a excellent_a commander_n to_o practice_v and_o instruct_v their_o soldier_n take_v extraordinary_a pain_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o their_o dignity_n cosimo_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o this_o discourse_n have_v a_o little_a transport_v you_o for_o before_o you_o have_v tell_v we_o the_o way_n of_o exercise_v by_o company_n you_o have_v treat_v of_o entire_a army_n and_o the_o manage_n of_o a_o battle_n fabritio_n you_o say_v right_a and_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v the_o affection_n i_o bear_v to_o those_o order_n and_o the_o trouble_n i_o be_o under_o that_o they_o be_v no_o more_o use_v yet_o do_v not_o think_v but_o i_o will_v recollect_v myself_o and_o return_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o in_o the_o exercise_v of_o a_o company_n the_o first_o thing_n of_o importance_n be_v to_o know_v how_o to_o keep_v your_o rank_n to_o do_v this_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o exercise_v they_o in_o that_o order_n which_o they_o call_v chiocciole_n or_o the_o snail_n order_n and_o because_o i_o have_v say_v that_o one_o of_o these_o battalia_n or_o company_n be_v to_o consist_v of_o four_o hundred_o foot_n complete_o arm_v i_o will_v keep_v to_o that_o number_n these_o four_o hundred_o man_n then_o be_v to_o be_v reduce_v into_o 80_o file_n five_o in_o a_o file_n after_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v forward_o upon_o a_o quick_a march_n or_o a_o slow_a wheel_a and_o double_v charge_v or_o retreat_v which_o indeed_o be_v more_o demonstrable_a to_o the_o eye_n than_o the_o understanding_n but_o this_o snail_n way_n of_o exercise_v a_o company_n be_v not_o so_o necessary_a because_o every_o one_o that_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o a_o army_n know_v how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o considerable_a in_o any_o respect_n but_o to_o teach_v soldier_n how_o to_o move_v their_o file_n but_o let_v we_o now_o draw_v up_o one_o of_o these_o company_n and_o dispose_v they_o into_o their_o rank_n chap._n viii_o of_o three_o principal_a way_n of_o draw_v up_o a_o company_n and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o posture_n to_o fight_v i_o say_v that_o there_o be_v three_o principal_a form_n of_o draw_v up_o man_n the_o first_o and_o most_o useful_a be_v to_o draw_v they_o up_o close_o in_o the_o figure_n of_o two_o square_n the_o second_o be_v to_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o a_o square_a with_o two_o wing_n the_o three_o be_v to_o draw_v they_o up_o with_o a_o vacuity_n in_o the_o middle_n which_o they_o call_v piazza_n to_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o the_o first_o figure_n there_o be_v two_o way_n one_o be_v to_o double_v their_o file_n that_o be_v the_o second_o file_n enter_v into_o the_o first_o the_o four_o into_o the_o three_o the_o six_o into_o the_o five_o and_o so_o successive_o so_o that_o whereas_o they_o be_v 80_o file_n of_o five_o in_o a_o file_n they_o may_v become_v forty_o file_n of_o 10_o ih_v a_o file_n after_o this_o you_o be_v to_o double_v they_o again_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n thrust_v one_o file_n into_o another_o and_o then_o they_o will_v be_v
number_n be_v write_v upon_o their_o helmet_n in_o great_a character_n call_v they_o the_o first_o second_o three_o and_o four_o etc._n etc._n and_o not_o content_a with_o this_o every_o soldier_n have_v the_o number_n of_o his_o file_n and_o the_o number_n of_o his_o place_n in_o that_o file_n engrave_v upon_o his_o buckler_n your_o company_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n make_v distinguishable_a by_o their_o colour_n and_o accustom_v to_o their_o rank_n and_o file_n by_o practice_n and_o experience_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n though_o they_o be_v disorder_v to_o rally_v and_o reduce_v they_o sudden_o again_o for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o colour_n be_v stick_v down_o in_o the_o ground_n they_o be_v immediate_o visible_a and_o the_o captain_n and_o officer_n know_v which_o be_v their_o own_o repair_v themselves_o and_o dispose_v their_o soldier_n immediate_o to_o their_o place_n and_o when_o those_o on_o the_o leave_v have_v place_v themselves_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n on_o the_o right_n the_o soldier_n direct_v by_o their_o rule_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o colour_n fall_v immediate_o into_o their_o rank_n as_o easy_o as_o we_o put_v together_o the_o staffe_n of_o a_o barrel_n when_o we_o have_v mark_v they_o before_o these_o thing_n if_o learn_v with_o diligence_n and_o exercise_n at_o first_o be_v quick_o attain_v and_o hardly_o forget_v for_o your_o raw_a man_n be_v direct_v by_o the_o old_a and_o in_o time_n a_o province_n by_o these_o exercise_n may_v be_v make_v very_o fit_a for_o the_o war._n it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o to_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o turn_v all_o together_o when_o to_o face_v about_o in_o the_o rear_n or_o the_o flank_n and_o make_v rear_n and_o flank_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n when_o occasion_n be_v offer_v and_o this_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o do_v see_v it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o every_o man_n face_n to_o that_o side_n he_o be_v command_v and_o where_o they_o turn_v their_o face_n that_o be_v the_o front_n true_a it_o be_v when_o they_o face_n to_o the_o flank_n their_o rank_n do_v not_o hold_v their_o proportion_n because_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o front_n and_o the_o rear_n be_v thereby_o much_o lessen_v and_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o flank_n be_v much_o increase_v which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o genuine_a order_n of_o a_o battalion_n for_o which_o cause_n great_a practice_n and_o discretion_n be_v require_v to_o rectify_v it_o and_o yet_o this_o may_v be_v remedy_v by_o themselves_o but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o which_o require_v more_o practice_n be_v when_o a_o officer_n will_v turn_v his_o whole_a company_n together_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o single_a man_n or_o a_o solid_a and_o massy_a body_n of_o itself_o and_o this_o require_v long_a experience_n than_o the_o other_o for_o if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o turn_v to_o the_o left_a the_o left_a corner_n must_v stand_v still_o and_o they_o who_o be_v next_o they_o march_z so_o leisurely_o that_o they_o in_o the_o right_n may_v not_o be_v put_v to_o run_v if_o they_o be_v it_o will_v breed_v confusion_n but_o because_o it_o always_o happen_v that_o when_o a_o army_n march_v from_o place_n to_o place_n that_o the_o company_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o front_n be_v force_v to_o fight_v in_o the_o flank_n or_o rear_n so_o that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o company_n be_v many_o time_n compel_v to_o face_n about_o to_o the_o flank_n and_o rear_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n that_o these_o company_n therefore_o may_v in_o this_o exigence_n hold_v their_o old_a proportion_n according_a to_o what_o be_v say_v before_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o have_v pike_n in_o that_o flank_n which_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o be_v attack_v and_o capidieci_n captain_n and_o other_o officer_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n chap._n x._o to_o range_v a_o company_n in_o such_o order_n that_o it_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o face_v the_o enemy_n on_o which_o side_n soever_o he_o come_v fabr._n when_o you_o have_v marshal_v your_o fourscore_o file_n five_o in_o a_o file_n you_o be_v to_o put_v all_o your_o pike_n into_o the_o first_o twenty_o file_n and_o place_v five_o of_o your_o corporal_n in_o the_o head_n of_o they_o and_o five_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o other_o 60_o file_n which_o follow_v be_v buckler_n all_o and_o consist_v of_o 300_o man_n so_o then_o the_o first_o and_o last_o file_n of_o every_o company_n be_v to_o be_v corporal_n the_o captain_n with_o his_o ensign_n and_o drum_n be_v to_o stand_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o first_o hundred_o of_o buckler_n and_o every_o centurion_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o division_n when_o they_o be_v in_o this_o order_n if_o you_o desire_v to_o have_v your_o pike_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n you_o be_v to_o double_v they_o company_n by_o company_n from_o the_o right_a flank_n if_o you_o will_v have_v they_o on_o the_o right_n you_o be_v to_o double_v from_o the_o left_a and_o this_o be_v the_o way_n by_o which_o a_o company_n turn_v with_o the_o pike_n upon_o one_o flank_n with_o their_o officer_n at_o the_o head_n and_o the_o rear_n of_o they_o and_o their_o captain_n in_o the_o midst_n and_o it_o be_v the_o form_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o a_o march_n but_o upon_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o enemy_n when_o they_o will_v make_v a_o front_n of_o a_o flank_n they_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o to_o command_v that_o all_o of_o they_o face_n about_o to_o that_o flank_n where_o the_o pike_n be_v and_o in_o so_o do_v the_o whole_a battalion_n turn_v with_o its_o file_n and_o officer_n at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a for_o unless_o it_o be_v the_o centurion_n they_o be_v all_o in_o their_o old_a place_n and_o the_o centurion_n can_v quick_o be_v there_o but_o when_o a_o battalion_n march_v in_o the_o front_n and_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o file_n be_v to_o be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o pike_n may_v be_v ready_o behind_o and_o to_o do_v this_o there_o need_v no_o more_o but_o whereas_o usual_o in_o every_o battalion_n every_o century_n have_v five_o file_n of_o pike_n in_o the_o front_n those_o five_o file_n may_v be_v place_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o in_o all_o other_o place_n the_o same_o order_n to_o be_v observe_v as_o before_o cosimo_n if_o my_o memory_n fail_v not_o you_o say_v that_o this_o way_n of_o exercise_n be_v in_o order_n to_o the_o unite_n these_o battalia_n into_o a_o army_n and_o that_o this_o practice_n be_v sufficient_a to_o direct_v they_o in_o that_o but_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v this_o squadron_n of_o 450_o foot_n shall_v be_v to_o fight_v single_o and_o by_o its_o self_n how_o will_v you_o order_v it_o then_o fabritio_n he_o who_o command_v they_o be_v to_o judge_v where_o his_o pike_n be_v to_o be_v dispose_v and_o place_v they_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a which_o be_v not_o at_o all_o consistant_fw-la with_o what_o i_o have_v prescribe_v before_o for_o though_o that_o be_v a_o way_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o battle_n upon_o a_o union_n or_o conjunction_n of_o several_a squadron_n yet_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o rule_n in_o what_o ever_o condition_n you_o fall_v into_o but_o in_o show_v you_o the_o two_o other_o way_n which_o i_o recommend_v for_o the_o order_n of_o a_o battalion_n i_o will_v satisfy_v you_o far_o chap._n xi_o to_o draw_v up_o a_o company_n with_o two_o horn_n or_o another_o with_o a_o piazza_n or_o vacuity_n in_o the_o middle_n to_o come_v to_o the_o way_n of_o draw_v up_o a_o battalion_n or_o squadron_n with_o two_o horn_n or_o point_n i_o say_v you_o must_v order_v your_o 80_o file_n five_o in_o a_o file_n after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o midst_n you_o must_v place_v a_o centurion_n with_o 25_o file_n two_o of_o pike_n to_o the_o left_a and_o three_o of_o buckler_n to_o the_o right_n when_o those_o five_o be_v dispose_v bring_v up_o the_o other_o twenty_o with_o twenty_o file_n and_o file-leader_n all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v place_v betwixt_o the_o pike_n and_o the_o buckler_n only_o those_o who_o carry_v pike_n be_v to_o stand_v with_o the_o pike_n after_o these_o twenty_o five_o file_n be_v so_o place_v draw_v up_o another_o centurion_n with_o fifteen_o file_n of_o buckler_n after_o which_o the_o constable_n or_o captain_n be_v to_o draw_v into_o the_o middle_n with_o his_o drum_n and_o his_o colour_n with_o other_o fifteen_o file_n of_o buckler_n this_o be_v perform_v the_o next_o to_o march_v up_o be_v the_o three_o centurion_n who_o be_v to_o be_v at_o the_o head_n of_o 25_o file_n of_o 5_o in_o a_o file_n three_o buckler_n to_o the_o left_a
repulse_n but_o to_o relieve_v one_o another_o they_o observe_v this_o order_n they_o put_v their_o battalion_n one_o in_o the_o flank_n of_o another_o but_o somewhat_o behind_o it_o towards_o the_o right_a hand_n so_o that_o if_o the_o first_o be_v in_o any_o distress_n the_o second_o advance_v to_o relieve_v it_o the_o three_o battalion_n they_o place_v behind_o the_o other_o two_o but_o at_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o shot_n of_o a_o harquebus_n that_o if_o the_o two_o battalion_n shall_v be_v worsted_n the_o three_o may_v advance_v in_o their_o rescue_n and_o that_o which_o advance_v and_o the_o other_o which_o retire_v may_v have_v space_n to_o pass_v by_o one_o another_o without_o any_o clash_n or_o collision_n for_o gross_a body_n can_v be_v receive_v so_o commodious_o as_o little_a and_o therefore_o small_a body_n dispose_v at_o a_o distance_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o roman_a legion_n may_v better_o receive_v and_o relieve_v one_o another_o upon_o occasion_n and_o that_o this_o order_n of_o the_o swiss_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o ancient_a order_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v demonstrate_v by_o many_o example_n of_o their_o legion_n when_o they_o be_v engage_v with_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n for_o these_o be_v still_o worsted_n by_o the_o other_o the_o fashion_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o way_n of_o reserve_v be_v more_o effectual_a than_o the_o closeness_n and_o solidity_n of_o a_o phalanx_n chap._n iu._n how_o the_o author_n will_v make_v use_n of_o both_o greek_a and_o roman_a arm_n for_o his_o battalion_n and_o what_o be_v the_o ordinary_a army_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v therefore_o according_a to_o these_o model_n to_o range_v and_o marshal_v a_o army_n i_o think_v it_o best_o to_o retain_v something_o of_o the_o arm_n and_o order_n both_o of_o the_o phalanx_n and_o legion_n for_o this_o reason_n i_o have_v say_v in_o a_o battalion_n i_o will_v have_v 2000_o pike_n which_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n and_o 3000_o scudi_n or_o shield_n and_o sword_n which_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o roman_n i_o have_v divide_v a_o battalion_n into_o ten_o battalia_n or_o company_n as_o the_o roman_n divide_v their_o legion_n into_o ten_o cohort_n i_o have_v order_v the_o velite_n or_o light-armed_a to_o begin_v the_o fight_n as_o they_o do_v former_o and_o because_o as_o the_o arm_n be_v mix_v they_o participate_v of_o the_o one_o nation_n and_o the_o other_o that_o they_o may_v participate_v likewise_o in_o their_o order_n i_o have_v appoint_v that_o every_o company_n may_v have_v five_o file_n of_o pike_n in_o the_o front_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o buckler_n that_o the_o front_n may_v be_v enable_v to_o keep_v out_o the_o horse_n and_o break_v more_o easy_o into_o the_o foot_n have_v pike_n in_o the_o first_o charge_n as_o well_o as_o the_o enemy_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v fortify_v to_o sustain_v it_o brave_o till_o the_o buckler_n come_v up_o and_o perfect_a the_o victory_n and_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o strength_n and_o virtue_n of_o this_o order_n you_o will_v find_v how_o all_o these_o arm_n perform_v their_o office_n exact_o for_o pike_n be_v very_o useful_a against_o horse_n and_o against_o foot_n too_o before_o the_o battle_n be_v join_v but_o after_o they_o be_v join_v they_o be_v utter_o useless_a for_o this_o reason_n behind_o every_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n the_o swisser_n put_v a_o rank_n of_o halberd_n which_o be_v to_o make_v room_n for_o their_o pike_n though_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o place_v therefore_o our_o pike_n before_o and_o our_o buckler_n behind_o they_o they_o be_v enable_v to_o sustain_v the_o horse_n and_o when_o they_o come_v to_o charge_v they_o do_v open_a and_o press_v hard_a upon_o the_o foot_n but_o when_o the_o fight_n be_v begin_v and_o the_o battle_n be_v join_v the_o buckler_n succeed_v with_o their_o sword_n as_o be_v manageable_a more_o easy_o in_o the_o crowd_n luigi_n we_o desire_v now_o to_o understand_v how_o with_o these_o arm_n and_o order_n you_o will_v manage_v your_o army_n to_o give_v the_o enemy_n battle_n fabritio_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o nothing_o at_o present_a but_o this_o you_o must_v know_v that_o in_o a_o ordinary_a army_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o they_o call_v a_o consular_a army_n there_o be_v no_o more_o but_o two_o legion_n of_o citizen_n consist_v in_o all_o of_o 600_o horse_n and_o about_o 11000_o foot_n they_o have_v beside_o these_o as_o many_o more_o horse_n and_o foot_n send_v they_o in_o by_o their_o friend_n and_o confederate_n these_o auxiliary_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o right_a wing_n and_o the_o left_a for_o they_o will_v never_o suffer_v they_o to_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n of_o their_o legion_n though_o their_o horse_n indeed_o they_o permit_v to_o be_v more_o with_o this_o army_n consist_v of_o 22000_o foot_n and_o about_o 2000_o horse_n a_o roman_a consul_n do_v all_o his_o business_n and_o attempt_v any_o thing_n yet_o when_o they_o be_v to_o oppose_v a_o great_a power_n they_o join_v two_o consul_n together_o and_o their_o two_o army_n you_o must_v know_v likewise_o that_o in_o the_o three_o great_a action_n of_o a_o army_n their_o march_n their_o encampment_n and_o engagement_n they_o place_v the_o legion_n in_o the_o middle_n because_o the_o force_n in_o which_o they_o repose_v their_o great_a confidence_n they_o think_v fit_a shall_v be_v more_o unite_a and_o compact_v as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o at_o large_a when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o those_o thing_n these_o auxiliary_a foot_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o conversation_n with_o the_o legionary_a foot_n grow_v to_o be_v as_o serviceable_a as_o they_o because_o they_o be_v train_v and_o discipline_v with_o they_o and_o upon_o occasion_n of_o battle_n draw_v up_o in_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o order_n he_o therefore_o who_o know_v how_o the_o roman_n marshal_v one_o single_a legion_n in_o the_o day_n of_o battle_n know_v how_o they_o dispose_v of_o they_o all_o when_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o therefore_o how_o they_o divide_v a_o legion_n into_o three_o squadron_n and_o how_o one_o squadron_n receive_v another_o i_o shall_v have_v tell_v you_o how_o a_o whole_a and_o entire_a army_n be_v to_o be_v order_v when_o it_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v up_o for_o battle_n chap._n v._n the_o way_n of_o draw_v up_o a_o battalion_n according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o author_n be_v to_o prepare_v for_o a_o battle_n according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o have_v two_o legion_n so_o i_o will_v take_v two_o battalion_n and_o by_o the_o order_n of_o they_o you_o may_v guess_v how_o to_o order_v a_o complete_a army_n for_o to_o add_v more_o man_n be_v only_o to_o multiply_v their_o rank_n i_o think_v it_o unnecessary_a to_o repeat_v what_o foot_n there_o be_v in_o a_o legion_n what_o company_n what_o officer_n what_o arm_n what_o velite_n in_o ordinary_a what_o in_o extraordinary_a what_o pike_n and_o what_o other_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v not_o long_o since_o i_o tell_v you_o distinct_o and_o press_v it_o upon_o your_o memory_n as_o a_o thing_n very_o necessary_a for_o the_o understanding_n all_o other_o order_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v pass_v on_o without_o far_a reflection_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o best_o that_o one_o of_o the_o ten_o battalion_n or_o company_n of_o a_o battalion_n be_v place_v in_o the_o left_a flank_n and_o the_o other_o ten_o of_o the_o other_o battalion_n on_o the_o right_n those_o on_o the_o left_a be_v to_o be_v order_v in_o this_o manner_n put_v five_o battalia_n one_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o other_o in_o the_o front_n so_o as_o there_o may_v remain_v a_o space_n of_o four_o yard_n betwixt_o each_o draw_v they_o up_o so_o as_o they_o may_v possess_v in_o breadth_n 140_o yard_n of_o ground_n and_o in_o depth_n forty_o behind_o these_o five_o battalia_n i_o will_v place_v three_o other_o distant_a in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o first_o about_o forty_o yard_n of_o these_o three_o i_o will_v have_v two_o follow_v direct_o the_o company_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o two_o extremity_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o five_o first_o and_o the_o three_o shall_v be_v dispose_v in_o the_o midst_n by_o which_o mean_v these_o three_o company_n shall_v take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n both_o in_o breadth_n and_o depth_n as_o the_o other_o five_o which_o have_v only_o five_o yard_n distance_n betwixt_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o whereas_o the_o three_o last_n shall_v have_v thirty_o three_o this_o be_v do_v i_o will_v cause_v the_o two_o company_n remain_v to_o advance_v and_o place_n themselves_o behind_o the_o three_o former_a in_o a_o right_a line_n and_o at_o the_o distance_n of_o forty_o yard_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o such_o a_o sort_n
one_o rank_n and_o the_o other_o so_o as_o there_o remain_v but_o six_o yard_n that_o can_v be_v use_v in_o the_o three_o rank_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n there_o remain_v but_o four_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o four_o three_o yard_n and_o in_o the_o five_o but_o one_o and_o a_o half_a the_o other_o rank_n therefore_o be_v not_o able_a to_o reach_v the_o enemy_n yet_o they_o serve_v to_o recruit_v the_o first_o rank_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o and_o be_v as_o a_o rampart_n and_o bulwark_n to_o the_o other_o five_o if_o then_o five_o of_o their_o rank_n be_v sufficient_a to_o sustain_v the_o enemy_n horse_n why_o may_v not_o five_o of_o we_o do_v as_o much_o have_v other_o rank_n behind_o to_o reinforce_v they_o and_o give_v they_o the_o same_o support_n though_o their_o pike_n be_v not_o so_o long_o and_o if_o the_o rank_n of_o extraordinary_a pike_n which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o flank_n shall_v be_v think_v too_o thin_a they_o may_v be_v put_v into_o a_o square_a and_o dispose_v in_o the_o flank_n by_o the_o two_o battalia_n which_o i_o place_n in_o the_o last_o squadron_n of_o the_o army_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v with_o ease_n relieve_v both_o the_o front_n or_o the_o rear_n and_o give_v assistance_n to_o the_o horse_n as_o occasion_n require_v luigi_n will_v you_o always_o use_v this_o order_n whenever_o you_o be_v to_o give_v the_o enemy_n battle_n fabr._n no_o by_o no_o mean_n for_o the_o form_n of_o your_o army_n be_v to_o be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o strength_n or_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v by_o example_n before_o i_o finish_v my_o discourse_n but_o this_o form_n or_o model_n be_v recommend_v to_o you_o not_o as_o the_o best_a though_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v so_o but_o as_o a_o rule_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v take_v your_o other_o order_n and_o by_o which_o you_o may_v understand_v the_o other_o way_n of_o draw_v up_o a_o army_n for_o every_o science_n have_v its_o generality_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v most_o common_o found_v only_o one_o thing_n i_o will_v press_v upon_o you_o to_o remember_v and_o that_o be_v that_o you_o never_o draw_v your_o army_n up_o so_o as_o that_o your_o front_n can_v be_v relieve_v by_o your_o rear_n for_o whoever_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o error_n render_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n unserviceable_a and_o can_v never_o overcome_v if_o he_o meet_v with_o the_o least_o opposition_n and_o courage_n luigi_n i_o have_v a_o new_a scruple_n that_o be_v rise_v in_o my_o mind_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o dispose_n of_o your_o battalia_n you_o make_v your_o front_n of_o five_o battalia_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o side_n one_o of_o another_o your_o middle_n of_o three_o and_o your_o rear_n of_o two_o and_o i_o shall_v think_v it_o will_v have_v be_v better_a to_o have_v do_v quite_o contrary_a because_o in_o my_o opinion_n a_o army_n be_v break_v with_o more_o difficulty_n when_o the_o enemy_n which_o charge_v it_o find_v more_o firmness_n and_o resistance_n the_o further_o he_o enter_v it_o whereas_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o according_a to_o your_o order_n the_o far_o he_o enter_v it_o the_o weak_a he_o find_v it_o fabr._n if_o you_o remember_v how_o the_o triarii_n which_o be_v the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n consist_v only_o of_o 600_o man_n you_o will_v be_v better_o satisfy_v when_o you_o understand_v they_o be_v place_v always_o in_o the_o rear_n for_o you_o will_v see_v that_o i_o according_a to_o that_o example_n have_v place_v two_o battalia_n in_o the_o rear_n which_o consist_v of_o 900_o man_n so_o that_o i_o choose_v rather_o in_o my_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o err_v in_o take_v more_o man_n than_o few_o and_o though_o this_o example_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o content_v you_o yet_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o reason_n and_o it_o be_v this_o the_o front_n of_o the_o army_n be_v make_v thick_a and_o solid_a because_o it_o be_v that_o which_o be_v to_o endure_v the_o first_o shock_n and_o insult_v of_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v not_o to_o receive_v any_o recruit_n from_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o it_o be_v well_o mane_v for_o a_o few_o will_v leave_v it_o too_o weak_a and_o the_o rank_n too_o thin_a but_o the_o second_o squadron_n be_v to_o receive_v its_o friend_n into_o it_o before_o it_o be_v to_o engage_v with_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o have_v two_o great_a interval_n and_o by_o consequence_n must_v consist_v of_o a_o less_o number_n than_o the_o first_o for_o shall_v it_o consist_v of_o a_o great_a number_n or_o be_v but_o equal_a to_o the_o first_o either_o there_o must_v be_v no_o space_n or_o interval_n at_o all_o which_o will_v occasion_v disorder_n or_o by_o leave_v of_o space_n they_o will_v exceed_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o squadron_n which_o will_v make_v your_o army_n look_v very_o imperfect_a as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v touch_v the_o impression_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o the_o far_o he_o enter_v your_o army_n the_o weak_a he_o find_v it_o it_o be_v clear_o a_o mistake_n for_o the_o enemy_n can_v engage_v the_o second_o body_n before_o the_o first_o be_v fall_v into_o it_o so_o that_o he_o find_v the_o middle_a battalion_n rather_o strong_a then_o weak_a be_v to_o fight_v both_o with_o the_o first_o and_o second_o together_o and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n when_o the_o enemy_n advance_v to_o the_o last_o squadron_n for_o there_o he_o have_v to_o encounter_v not_o only_o two_o fresh_a battalia_n but_o with_o all_o the_o battalion_n unite_v and_o entire_a and_o because_o this_o last_o battalion_n be_v to_o receive_v more_o man_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o distance_n be_v great_a and_o by_o consequence_n that_o their_o number_n be_v less_o luigi_n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v with_o what_o you_o have_v say_v but_o pray_v answer_v i_o this_o if_o the_o five_o first_o battalia_n retire_n into_o the_o three_o battalia_n which_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o then_o those_o eight_o into_o the_o two_o battalia_n in_o the_o rear_n i_o can_v conceive_v it_o possible_a that_o the_o eight_o battalia_n first_o and_o afterward_o the_o ten_o can_v be_v comprehend_v when_o eight_o or_o ten_o in_o the_o same_o space_n as_o when_o they_o be_v but_o five_o fabr._n the_o first_o thing_n i_o answer_n be_v this_o that_o the_o space_n be_v not_o the_o same_o for_o the_o five_o battalia_n in_o the_o front_n be_v draw_v up_o with_o four_o space_n in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v close_v up_o when_o they_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o three_o battalia_n in_o the_o midst_n or_o the_o two_o in_o the_o rear_n beside_o there_o remain_v the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o battalion_n and_o that_o also_o which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o battalia_n and_o the_o pike_n extraordinary_a which_o space_n altogether_o do_v give_v they_o room_n enough_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o battalia_n take_v up_o another_o place_n when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o order_n before_o their_o retreat_n than_o they_o do_v after_o they_o be_v press_v for_o in_o their_o retreat_n they_o either_o contract_n or_o extend_v their_o order_n they_o open_v their_o order_n when_o they_o fly_v they_o contract_v they_o when_o they_o retreat_n so_o that_o in_o this_o case_n it_o will_v be_v best_a to_o contract_v beside_o the_o five_o rank_n of_o pike_n in_o the_o van_n have_v receive_v the_o first_o charge_n be_v to_o fall_v back_o through_o the_o battalia_n into_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o army_n and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o scudati_n or_o shield_n to_o advance_v and_o those_o pike_n fall_v into_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o army_n may_v be_v ready_a for_o any_o service_n in_o which_o their_o captain_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o employ_v they_o whereas_o do_v they_o not_o retire_v after_o the_o battle_n be_v join_v they_o will_v be_v altogether_o useless_a and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o space_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o that_o purpose_n be_v make_v big_a enough_o to_o receive_v all_o force_n that_o be_v remain_v and_o yet_o if_o those_o space_n be_v not_o sufficient_a the_o flank_n on_o both_o side_n be_v man_n and_o not_o wall_n which_o open_v and_o enlarge_n their_o rank_n can_v make_v such_o distance_n as_o will_v be_v able_a to_o receive_v they_o luigi_n the_o rank_n of_o pike_n extraordinary_a which_o you_o place_v in_o the_o flank_n of_o your_o army_n when_o the_o battalia_n in_o the_o front_n fall_v back_o into_o the_o battalia_n in_o the_o middle_n will_v you_o have_v they_o stand_v firm_a and_o continue_v as_o two_o wing_n to_o the_o army_n or_o will_v you_o have_v they_o retire_v with_o the_o battalia_n if_o you_o
be_v willing_a they_o shall_v i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a have_v no_o battalia_n with_o interval_n behind_o they_o to_o give_v they_o reception_n fabr._n if_o when_o the_o enemy_n force_v the_o battalia_n to_o retire_v he_o do_v not_o press_v they_o too_o hard_o they_o may_v stand_v firm_a in_o their_o order_n and_o flank_v the_o enemy_n when_o the_o battalia_n in_o the_o front_n be_v retire_v but_o if_o they_o be_v charge_v as_o may_v be_v reasonable_o expect_v and_o the_o enemy_n be_v so_o strong_a as_o to_o force_v the_o other_o they_o may_v retire_v with_o they_o and_o that_o without_o difficulty_n though_o there_o be_v no_o battalia_n behind_n with_o space_n to_o receive_v they_o for_o the_o body_n in_o the_o midst_n may_v double_v to_o the_o right_n and_o thrust_v one_o file_n into_o another_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v more_o at_o large_a when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o double_v of_o file_n it_o be_v true_a to_o double_a in_o a_o retreat_n you_o must_v take_v another_o way_n than_o what_o i_o have_v describe_v for_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o second_o rank_n be_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o first_o the_o four_o into_o the_o three_o and_o so_o on_o but_o here_o in_o this_o case_n we_o must_v not_o begin_v in_o the_o front_n but_o in_o the_o rear_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o double_v our_o rank_n we_o may_v retreat_v and_o not_o advance_v chap._n viii_o the_o exercise_n of_o a_o army_n in_o general_n fabritio_n to_o answer_v now_o to_o whatever_o may_v be_v object_v against_o my_o battle_n as_o i_o have_v draw_v it_o up_o before_o you_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o again_o that_o i_o have_v order_v and_o engage_v it_o in_o that_o manner_n for_o two_o reason_n one_o to_o show_v you_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v up_o the_o other_o to_o show_v you_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v exercise_v as_o to_o the_o draw_v up_o of_o a_o army_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o understand_v it_o very_o well_o and_o as_o to_o the_o exercise_v i_o must_v tell_v you_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v as_o often_o as_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o captain_n may_v learn_v to_o keep_v their_o company_n in_o these_o order_n for_o it_o belong_v to_o every_o particular_a soldier_n to_o keep_v the_o order_n exact_a in_o every_o battalion_n and_o to_o every_o captain_n to_o keep_v his_o company_n exact_a with_o the_o order_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o know_v how_o to_o obey_v the_o command_n of_o the_o general_n it_o be_v convenient_a likewise_o that_o they_o understand_v how_o to_o join_v one_o battalion_n with_o another_o how_o to_o take_v their_o place_n in_o a_o moment_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o the_o colour_n of_o each_o company_n may_v have_v its_o number_n of_o soldier_n describe_v in_o it_o for_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o command_v they_o and_o that_o the_o captain_n and_o soldier_n may_v understand_v one_o another_o with_o the_o more_o ease_n and_o as_o in_o the_o battalia_n so_o it_o be_v convenient_a likewise_o in_o the_o battalion_n that_o their_o number_n shall_v be_v know_v and_o describe_v in_o the_o colonel_n ensign_n that_o you_o shall_v know_v the_o number_n of_o the_o battalion_n in_o the_o left_a or_o right_a wing_n as_o also_o of_o the_o battalia_n in_o the_o front_n or_o the_o middle_n and_o so_o consequent_o of_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v convenient_a likewise_o that_o there_o be_v degree_n of_o office_n and_o command_n to_o raise_v man_n as_o it_o be_v by_o step_n to_o the_o great_a honour_n of_o a_o army_n for_o example_n the_o first_o degree_n shall_v be_v file-leader_n or_o corporal_n the_o second_o shall_v have_v the_o command_n of_o fifty_o ordinary_a velite_n the_o three_o of_o a_o hundred_o with_o the_o title_n of_o centurion_n the_o four_o shall_v command_v the_o first_o battalion_n the_o first_o the_o second_o the_o six_o the_o three_o and_o so_o on_o to_o the_o ten_o battalion_n who_o place_n shall_v be_v next_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o captain_n general_n of_o the_o battalion_n to_o which_o command_v no_o person_n shall_v be_v advance_v but_o he_o who_o have_v pass_v all_o those_o degree_n and_o because_o beside_o these_o officer_n there_o be_v three_o constable_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o pike_n extraordinary_a and_o two_o of_o the_o velite_n extraordinary_a i_o do_v not_o much_o care_n if_o they_o be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o quality_n with_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o first_o battalion_n nor_o will_v it_o trouble_v i_o if_o six_o man_n more_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n that_o each_o of_o they_o may_v put_v himself_o forward_o and_o do_v some_o extraordinary_a thing_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o second_o battalion_n if_o then_o each_o of_o these_o captain_n understand_v in_o what_o place_n his_o battalion_n be_v to_o be_v range_v it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o at_o the_o first_o sound_n of_o the_o trumpet_n the_o standard_n be_v erect_v the_o whole_a army_n will_v fall_v into_o its_o place_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o exercise_n to_o which_o a_o army_n be_v to_o be_v accustom_v that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o close_v and_o fall_v in_o one_o with_o another_o to_o do_v which_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o train_v they_o often_o and_o use_v they_o to_o it_o every_o day_n luigi_n what_o mark_n and_o difference_n will_v you_o appoint_v for_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n beside_o the_o number_n describe_v as_o aforesaid_a fabritio_n the_o lieutenant_z general_n be_v ensign_n shall_v have_v the_o arm_n of_o his_o general_n or_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o arm_n with_o some_o variation_n in_o the_o field_n or_o colour_n as_o the_o prince_n shall_v think_v best_a for_o it_o import_v not_o much_o what_o their_o colour_n be_v so_o they_o distinguish_v one_o company_n from_o another_o but_o let_v we_o pass_v to_o the_o other_o exercise_n in_o which_o a_o army_n be_v to_o be_v train_v that_o be_v in_o its_o motion_n to_o be_v teach_v how_o to_o march_v advance_v or_o fall_v back_o with_o exact_a distance_n and_o time_n and_o to_o be_v sure_a that_o in_o their_o march_n a_o just_a order_n be_v observe_v the_o three_o exercise_n be_v teach_v they_o to_o manage_v their_o arm_n and_o charge_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o that_o afterward_o they_o may_v do_v both_o dexterous_o when_o they_o come_v to_o fight_v teach_v they_o how_o to_o play_v their_o artillery_n and_o how_o to_o draw_v they_o off_o when_o there_o be_v occasion_n teach_v the_o velite_n extraordinary_a to_o advance_v out_o of_o their_o place_n and_o after_o a_o counterfeit_a charge_n to_o retreat_v to_o they_o again_o teach_v the_o first_o battalia_n as_o if_o they_o be_v overpower_v to_o fall_v back_o into_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o second_o and_o all_o of_o they_o afterward_o into_o the_o three_o and_o have_v do_v so_o to_o divide_v again_o and_o return_v to_o their_o old_a post_n in_o short_a they_o be_v so_o to_o be_v accustom_v in_o this_o exercise_n that_o every_o thing_n may_v be_v know_v and_o familiar_a to_o every_o soldier_n which_o with_o continual_a practice_n be_v easy_o obtain_v the_o four_o exercise_n instruct_v your_o soldier_n in_o the_o usefulness_n of_o the_o drum_n and_o trumpet_n and_o colour_n inform_v they_o of_o the_o command_v of_o their_o captain_n by_o the_o beat_n of_o the_o one_o the_o sound_v of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o display_v and_o flourish_v of_o the_o three_o for_o be_v well_o use_v to_o they_o they_o will_v understand_v what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v by_o they_o as_o well_o as_o if_o they_o be_v direct_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n and_o because_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o command_n depend_v altogether_o upon_o these_o kind_n of_o sound_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o what_o kind_n of_o instrument_n the_o ancient_n make_v use_v of_o in_o their_o war_n the_o lacedaemonian_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v thucydides_n in_o their_o army_n make_v use_v of_o the_o flute_n conceive_v that_o harmony_n more_o apt_a to_o infuse_v gravity_n than_o fury_n into_o their_o soldier_n induce_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o carthaginian_n sound_v their_o charge_n upon_o the_o harp_n with_o which_o instrument_n they_o begin_v the_o fight_n aliatte_a king_n of_o lydia_n in_o his_o war_n make_v use_v of_o they_o both_o but_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o the_o roman_n use_v horn_n and_o trumpet_n suppose_v the_o clangor_n and_o noise_n of_o those_o instrument_n will_v inflame_v the_o courage_n of_o their_o man_n and_o make_v they_o more_o valiant_a in_o fight_n but_o as_o in_o the_o arm_n of_o our_o army_n we_o have_v follow_v the_o way_n both_o of_o the_o greek_a and_o the_o roman_a so_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o our_o instrument_n of_o intelligence_n i_o will_v follow_v the_o custom_n both_o
in_o your_o description_n of_o the_o fight_n you_o have_v cause_v i_o to_o remember_v how_o scipio_n in_o the_o engagement_n cause_v not_o his_o hastati_fw-la to_o retire_v into_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la but_o divide_v they_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o retire_v into_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o principes_fw-la when_o they_o be_v to_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n i_o will_v know_v therefore_o for_o what_o reason_n he_o differ_v from_o the_o ordinary_a custom_n fabritio_n i_o will_v tell_v you_o hannibal_n have_v place_v the_o strength_n of_o his_o army_n in_o the_o second_o division_n so_o that_o scipio_n to_o oppose_v they_o with_o equal_a courage_n unite_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o triarii_n together_o insomuch_o as_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la be_v fill_v up_o by_o the_o triarii_n there_o be_v no_o space_n leave_v for_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la wherefore_o he_o cause_v the_o hastati_fw-la to_o open_a to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n but_o you_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o way_n of_o divide_v the_o first_o squadron_n be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v but_o when_o the_o other_o be_v superior_a for_o than_o you_o may_v do_v it_o convenient_o as_o scipio_n do_v but_o be_v inferior_a or_o under_o any_o repulse_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o manifest_a danger_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o you_o have_v space_n behind_o in_o your_o other_o squadron_n that_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o receive_v you_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o discourse_n the_o ancient_a asian_o among_o other_o contrivance_n to_o mischief_n their_o enemy_n make_v use_v of_o certain_a chariot_n with_o scythe_n fasten_v to_o the_o side_n of_o they_o which_o serve_v not_o only_o to_o open_v the_o squadron_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o their_o force_n but_o to_o cut_v and_o kill_v they_o with_o their_o sythes_n against_o these_o chariot_n they_o have_v three_o way_n to_o defend_v themselves_o either_o by_o the_o closeness_n of_o their_o rank_n or_o by_o receive_v they_o into_o their_o rank_n as_o they_o do_v the_o elephant_n or_o by_o some_o other_o vigorous_a resistance_n as_o silla_n the_o roman_a do_v against_o archelaus_n who_o have_v store_n of_o those_o chariot_n to_o repel_v they_o silla_n cause_v several_a stake_n to_o be_v pitch_v into_o the_o ground_n before_o his_o first_o squadron_n which_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o career_n of_o the_o say_a chariot_n prevent_v the_o execution_n which_o they_o will_v otherwise_o have_v do_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a the_o new_a method_n that_o silla_n use_v in_o range_v his_o army_n for_o place_v his_o velite_n and_o light_a horse_n behind_o and_o all_o his_o complete_a arm_a soldier_n before_o he_o leave_v interval_n sufficient_a to_o receive_v they_o which_o be_v behind_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o march_v up_o so_o that_o the_o fight_n be_v begin_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o have_v room_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o first_o squadron_n to_o the_o charge_n he_o obtain_v the_o victory_n chap._n ii_o the_o art_n which_o be_v to_o be_v use_v during_o the_o fight_n fabr._n to_o disturb_v the_o army_n of_o the_o enemy_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v join_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o invent_v some_o way_n or_o other_o to_o affright_v they_o either_o by_o spread_v a_o report_n of_o supply_n that_o be_v hard_a by_o or_o counterfeit_v some_o representation_n of_o they_o that_o may_v dismay_v the_o enemy_n and_o facilitate_v their_o defeat_n minutius_n ruffus_n and_o acillus_fw-la glabrio_n two_o of_o the_o roman_a consul_n be_v skilful_a in_o this_o art_n caius_n sulpitius_n cause_v all_o the_o boy_n and_o refuse_v of_o his_o army_n to_o mount_v upon_o mule_n and_o other_o beast_n that_o be_v unserviceable_a in_o fight_n and_o place_v they_o at_o a_o distance_n upon_o a_o hill_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o such_o order_n that_o they_o appear_v like_o a_o complete_a body_n of_o horse_n when_o he_o be_v engage_v with_o the_o french_a and_o the_o enemy_n apprehension_n of_o that_o body_n get_v sulpitius_n the_o victory_n marius_n make_v use_n of_o the_o same_o stratagem_n when_o he_o fight_v against_o the_o german_n if_o then_o these_o false_a alarm_n and_o representation_n be_v of_o such_o use_n and_o advantage_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n true_a one_o must_v needs_o be_v more_o efficacious_a especial_o if_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o enemy_n flank_n or_o rear_v whilst_o the_o battle_n be_v join_v which_o indeed_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v do_v unless_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n contribute_v for_o if_o it_o be_v open_a and_o plain_a you_o can_v conceal_v any_o part_n of_o your_o force_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v in_o those_o case_n but_o in_o woody_a or_o mountainous_a country_n you_o may_v conceal_v some_o of_o your_o troop_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o they_o may_v fall_v sudden_o and_o unexpected_o upon_o the_o enemy_n which_o will_v give_v you_o a_o certain_a victory_n it_o be_v many_o time_n of_o great_a importance_n to_o spread_v a_o rumour_n abroad_o during_o the_o fight_n that_o the_o enemy_n general_n be_v slay_v or_o that_o he_o be_v beat_v in_o another_o part_n of_o the_o army_n which_o as_o the_o other_o have_v many_o time_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o victory_n the_o enemy_n horse_n be_v often_o disorder_v by_o the_o representation_n of_o strange_a figure_n or_o the_o make_n of_o some_o unusual_a noise_n as_o croesus_n do_v who_o oppose_v camel_n against_o horse_n and_o pyrrhus_n when_o he_o confront_v their_o cavalry_n with_o his_o elephant_n the_o strangeness_n of_o which_o sight_n affright_v they_o so_o that_o nothing_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o disorder_n in_o our_o day_n the_o turk_n defeat_v the_o sophi_n of_o persia_n and_o the_o sultan_n of_o syria_n only_o with_o the_o noise_n of_o this_o gun_n which_o be_v unusual_a to_o their_o horse_n disorder_v they_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o turk_n get_v the_o victory_n without_o any_o great_a trouble_n the_o spaniard_n to_o distract_v the_o army_n of_o amilcar_n place_v in_o the_o front_n of_o their_o army_n certain_a chariot_n fill_v with_o flax_n and_o draw_v by_o ox_n to_o which_o flax_n when_o the_o enemy_n come_v up_o to_o charge_n they_o put_v fire_n and_o the_o ox_n run_v from_o the_o fire_n rush_v furious_o into_o the_o army_n of_o arailcar_n and_o put_v it_o to_o the_o rout_n it_o be_v a_o unusual_a practice_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o to_o surprise_v and_o disturb_v the_o enemy_n with_o ambuscadoe_n where_o the_o country_n be_v convenient_a but_o where_o it_o be_v open_a and_o large_a many_o have_v make_v great_a hole_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o straw_n and_o earth_n light_o leave_v certain_a space_n solid_a and_o firm_a for_o their_o own_o retreat_n over_o which_o have_v retire_v cunning_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fight_n the_o enemy_n pursue_v have_v fall_v in_o and_o be_v ruin_v if_o during_o the_o fight_n any_o ill_a accident_n happen_v that_o may_v discourage_v your_o soldier_n it_o be_v prudence_n to_o dissemble_v it_o and_o turn_v it_o to_o advantage_n as_o tullus_n hostilius_n do_v and_o lucius_n sylla_n who_o observe_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o battle_n a_o party_n of_o his_o troop_n go_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o great_a dishearten_v of_o the_o rest_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v publish_v quite_o through_o his_o army_n that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o his_o order_n which_o not_o only_o dispel_v the_o apprehension_n that_o be_v among_o they_o but_o encourage_v they_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o it_o get_v he_o the_o victory_n sylla_n have_v command_v out_o a_o party_n upon_o some_o enterprise_n and_o all_o of_o they_o be_v kill_v in_o fight_n of_o his_o army_n that_o the_o rest_n may_v not_o be_v terrify_v tell_v they_o he_o send_v they_o on_o purpose_n because_o he_o have_v find_v they_o unfaithful_a sertorius_n fight_v a_o battle_n in_o spain_n fly_v one_o of_o his_o own_o man_n who_o bring_v he_o news_n that_o one_o of_o his_o great_a officer_n be_v kill_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v lest_o tell_v it_o to_o the_o rest_n it_o may_v possible_o have_v discourage_v they_o it_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n to_o detain_v and_o army_n if_o it_o be_v once_o totter_v and_o incline_v to_o run_v and_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o fight_v again_o but_o you_o must_v consider_v it_o with_o this_o distinction_n either_o it_o be_v whole_o disorder_v and_o then_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o recover_v it_o or_o else_o it_o be_v disorder_v but_o in_o part_n and_o there_o be_v some_o remedy_n many_o of_o the_o roman_a general_n have_v stop_v the_o flight_n of_o their_o army_n by_o put_v themselves_o at_o the_o head_n of_o
very_o cautious_a of_o this_o in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o german_n and_o open_v a_o way_n for_o they_o when_o he_o see_v that_o not_o be_v able_a to_o fly_v they_o must_v of_o necessity_n fight_v and_o that_o more_o courageous_o than_o otherwise_o wherefore_o he_o choose_v rather_o the_o trouble_n of_o pursue_v they_o when_o they_o flee_v than_o the_o danger_n of_o fight_v they_o when_o they_o be_v force_v to_o defend_v themselves_o lucullus_n observe_v a_o party_n of_o his_o horse_n go_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n cause_v a_o charge_n to_o be_v found_v immediate_o and_o command_v other_o party_n to_o follow_v they_o whereupon_o the_o enemy_n believe_v lucullus_n intend_v to_o fight_v send_v out_o a_o party_n to_o charge_v those_o macedonian_n who_o be_v run_v away_o and_o they_o do_v it_o so_o effectual_o that_o the_o macedonian_n be_v glad_a to_o stand_v upon_o their_o guard_n by_o which_o mean_v of_o fugitive_n intend_v they_o become_v good_a subject_n in_o spite_n of_o their_o tooth_n chap._n xvi_o how_o a_o suspect_a town_n or_o country_n be_v to_o be_v secure_v and_o how_o the_o people_n heart_n be_v to_o be_v gain_v fabr._n it_o be_v a_o great_a thing_n in_o a_o general_n to_o know_v how_o to_o secure_v a_o town_n that_o you_o suspect_v either_o after_o a_o victory_n or_o before_o as_o several_a ancient_a example_n do_v demonstrate_v pompey_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o catinenses_n beg_v of_o they_o that_o they_o will_v give_v entertainment_n to_o some_o of_o his_o sick_a man_n and_o under_o the_o disguise_n of_o sick_a send_v stout_a and_o valiant_a man_n they_o surprise_v the_o town_n and_o keep_v it_o for_o pompey_n publius_n valerius_n be_v diffident_a of_o the_o epidauni_fw-la and_o cause_v a_o general_n indulgence_n to_o be_v give_v in_o one_o of_o the_o church_n without_o the_o town_n the_o people_n throng_v thither_o for_o pardon_n he_o shut_v the_o gate_n upon_o they_o and_o receive_v none_o back_o again_o but_o such_o as_o he_o can_v trust_v alexander_n the_o great_a be_v to_o march_v into_o asia_n and_o by_o the_o way_n secure_v himself_o of_o thrace_n carry_v along_o with_o he_o all_o the_o principal_a person_n of_o that_o province_n give_v they_o command_v in_o his_o army_n and_o leave_v the_o people_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o those_o of_o their_o own_o condition_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o satisfy_v all_o party_n the_o nobility_n by_o pay_v they_o and_o the_o populace_n by_o leave_v no_o governor_n that_o will_v oppress_v they_o but_o among_o all_o the_o way_n wherewith_o the_o people_n be_v to_o be_v cajole_v nothing_o go_v so_o far_o as_o example_n of_o chastity_n and_o justice_n as_o that_o of_o scipio_n in_o spain_n when_o he_o return_v a_o beautiful_a young_a lady_n to_o her_o parent_n and_o husband_n untouched_a a_o passage_n that_o contribute_v more_o than_o his_o arm_n to_o the_o subduction_n of_o that_o country_n caesar_n only_o for_o pay_v for_o the_o wood_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o to_o make_v stoccado_n about_o his_o camp_n in_o france_n get_v such_o a_o name_n for_o his_o justice_n that_o it_o facilitated_a the_o conquest_n of_o that_o province_n i_o know_v not_o now_o that_o there_o remain_v any_o thing_n to_o say_v further_o about_o these_o accident_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v not_o already_o examine_v if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n it_o be_v the_o way_n of_o take_v and_o defend_v of_o town_n which_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o show_v be_v i_o sure_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v tedious_a battista_n your_o civility_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o make_v we_o pursue_v our_o desire_n without_o the_o least_o fear_n of_o presumption_n for_o you_o have_v offer_v we_o that_o frank_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v be_v ashamed_a to_o have_v request_v we_o do_v assure_v you_o therefore_o you_o can_v do_v we_o a_o great_a favour_n than_o to_o finish_v this_o discourse_n but_o before_o you_o proceed_v let_v i_o entreat_v you_o to_o resolve_v i_o whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o continue_v a_o war_n all_o winter_n long_o as_o they_o do_v now_o adays_o or_o carry_v it_o on_o only_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o the_o winter_n go_v to_o their_o quarter_n chap._n xvii_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v continue_v in_o the_o winter_n fabr._n observe_v gentleman_n have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o the_o prudence_n of_o battista_n a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o our_o discourse_n have_v be_v omit_v i_o tell_v you_o again_o that_o the_o ancient_n do_v every_o thing_n with_o more_o prudence_n and_o discretion_n than_o we_o who_o if_o we_o be_v defective_a in_o any_o thing_n be_v much_o more_o in_o matter_n of_o war._n nothing_o be_v more_o imprudent_a and_o dangerous_a for_o a_o general_n than_o to_o begin_v a_o war_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o he_o who_o be_v the_o aggressor_n be_v more_o liable_a to_o miscarry_v than_o he_o that_o be_v invade_v the_o reason_n be_v this_o all_o the_o industry_n employ_v in_o military_a discipline_n consist_v in_o prepare_v your_o man_n and_o put_v they_o into_o order_n for_o a_o battle_n that_o be_v it_o at_o which_o a_o general_n be_v principal_o to_o aim_v because_o a_o battle_n do_v common_o decide_v the_o business_n whether_o it_o be_v lose_v or_o win_v he_o therefore_o who_o know_v best_a how_o to_o put_v his_o army_n in_o order_n and_o he_o who_o know_v best_a how_o to_o prepare_v and_o equip_v they_o have_v doubtless_o the_o advantage_n and_o be_v in_o most_o hope_n to_o overcome_v on_o the_o other_o side_n nothing_o be_v more_o inconsistent_a with_o good_a order_n than_o steep_a place_n or_o cold_a rainy_a weather_n for_o steep_a place_n will_v not_o suffer_v you_o to_o open_v or_o extend_v your_o rank_n according_a to_o discipline_n cold_a and_o wet_a weather_n will_v not_o permit_v you_o to_o keep_v your_o man_n together_o nor_o present_v they_o in_o close_a order_n before_o the_o enemy_n but_o constrain_v you_o of_o necessity_n to_o lodge_v they_o up_o and_o down_o asunder_o without_o order_n at_o the_o mercy_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o town_n and_o village_n that_o receive_v you_o so_o that_o all_o the_o pain_n you_o have_v take_v to_o discipline_n your_o army_n be_v for_o that_o time_n utter_o useless_a do_v not_o admire_v if_o now_o adays_o we_o make_v war_n in_o the_o winter_n for_o our_o army_n be_v without_o discipline_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v what_o inconvenience_n they_o suffer_v by_o not_o be_v quarter_v together_o for_o it_o trouble_v they_o not_o that_o they_o can_v keep_v those_o order_n and_o observe_v that_o discipline_n which_o they_o never_o have_v yet_o it_o ought_v serious_o to_o be_v consider_v what_o prejudice_n have_v follow_v upon_o encampment_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o it_o ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o french_a in_o the_o year_n 1503._o be_v break_v and_o ruin_v near_o garigliano_n rather_o by_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o weather_n than_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o the_o spaniard_n for_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o the_o invador_fw-la be_v under_o great_a incommodity_n as_o be_v more_o expose_v to_o the_o weather_n in_o a_o enemy_n country_n than_o at_o home_n for_o to_o keep_v his_o man_n together_o he_o be_v necessitate_v to_o endure_v the_o cold_a and_o the_o rain_n or_o to_o avoid_v it_o to_o divide_v his_o man_n which_o be_v mighty_o to_o expose_v they_o but_o he_o who_o be_v upon_o the_o defensive_a part_n can_v choose_v his_o place_n and_o his_o way_n attend_v he_o with_o fresh_a man_n which_o he_o can_v join_v in_o a_o moment_n and_o fall_v upon_o some_o party_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o such_o fury_n as_o they_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o shock_n it_o be_v the_o weather_n therefore_o which_o disorder_v the_o french_a and_o it_o be_v the_o weather_n that_o will_v always_o ruin_v any_o man_n that_o begin_v war_n in_o winter_n if_o his_o adversary_n have_v any_o share_n of_o discretion_n he_o therefore_o who_o will_v have_v his_o force_n his_o order_n his_o discipline_n and_o his_o courage_n of_o no_o use_n or_o advantage_n to_o he_o let_v he_o keep_v the_o field_n and_o carry_v on_o his_o war_n in_o the_o winter_n for_o the_o roman_n who_o desire_v all_o those_o thing_n in_o which_o they_o employ_v their_o industry_n and_o diligence_n shall_v be_v useful_a to_o they_o avoid_v the_o incommodity_n of_o winter_n as_o much_o as_o the_o asperity_n of_o the_o alps_o the_o difficulty_n of_o place_n and_o whatever_o else_o may_v hinder_v they_o from_o show_v their_o dexterity_n and_o courage_n and_o thus_o much_o as_o to_o your_o demand_n we_o will_v discourse_v now_o of_o take_v and_o defend_v of_o town_n and_o of_o their_o natural_a and_o artificial_a strength_n the_o seven_o book_n chap._n i._n how_o town_n or_o castle_n be_v to_o be_v