the_o hastati_fw-la must_v then_o fight_v at_o so_o wide_a a_o distance_n that_o between_o two_o file_n they_o may_v receive_v two_o other_o file_n which_o show_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o first_o order_n which_o be_v so_o range_v in_o battalion_n can_v not_o be_v able_a to_o repulse_n nor_o sustain_v the_o adverse_a battallion_n and_o even_o the_o file_n be_v at_o so_o wide_a a_o distance_n from_o each_o other_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v themselves_o right_a in_o fight_n nor_o to_o observe_v their_o distance_n but_o in_o the_o other_o way_n there_o be_v many_o convenience_n to_o be_v find_v first_o many_o body_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n apiece_o or_o thereabouts_o assault_v a_o battallion_n they_o may_v very_o well_o defeat_v it_o at_o the_o worst_a they_o may_v retreat_v without_o disorder_v themselves_o or_o lose_v their_o distance_n and_o the_o second_o order_n which_o be_v embattel_v behind_o the_o first_o just_a over_o against_o their_o intervall_n may_v 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kind_n of_o relief_n at_o brundisium_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n he_o constrain_v pompey_n to_o abandon_v it_o for_o that_o he_o shut_v up_o the_o haven_n by_o which_o that_o town_n be_v to_o be_v relieve_v at_o cadenac_n which_o be_v a_o site_n inexpugnable_a he_o constrain_v the_o garrison_n to_o yield_v it_o by_o take_v away_o their_o water_n at_o alexia_n where_o be_v 80000_o soldier_n within_o the_o town_n and_o which_o expect_v two_o or_o three_o time_n as_o many_o he_o so_o fortify_v himself_o before_o it_o both_o against_o the_o town_n and_o against_o the_o enemy_n without_o as_o he_o famish_v it_o and_o at_o bourges_n and_o marseilles_n he_o take_v the_o first_o by_o assault_n and_o constrain_v the_o other_o to_o yield_v when_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n i_o will_v not_o here_o particularize_v the_o engine_n which_o they_o then_o make_v use_v of_o to_o force_v place_n of_o strength_n because_o the_o cannon_n have_v take_v away_o the_o 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with_o in_o a_o field_n of_o battle_n whereof_o a_o good_a captain_n often_o make_v use_n with_o great_a profit_n because_o there_o can_v no_o certain_a rule_n be_v give_v for_o it_o by_o reason_n the_o diversity_n of_o situation_n be_v such_o that_o you_o shall_v never_o find_v two_o every-way_n alike_o chap._n viii_o of_o fortress_n because_o the_o gain_n and_o loss_n of_o battle_n draw_v such_o consequence_n after_o it_o as_o it_o give_v or_o take_v away_o whole_a empire_n at_o once_o it_o have_v cause_v a_o resolution_n of_o oppose_v the_o conquer_v by_o fortify_v place_n to_o stay_v their_o first_o fury_n with_o few_o man_n and_o to_o ruin_v their_o army_n but_o since_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o cannon_n they_o have_v be_v enforce_v to_o change_v their_o manner_n of_o fortification_n and_o even_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o invention_n of_o petard_n we_o have_v be_v constrain_v to_o assure_v the_o gate_n of_o city_n by_o portculice_n pallisadoe_n draw-bridge_n and_o other_o invention_n because_o there_o be_v no_o place_n how_o strong_a soever_o it_o be_v which_o do_v not_o run_v a_o hazard_n to_o be_v surprise_v by_o this_o new_a invention_n now_o the_o best_a fortress_n against_o the_o cannon_n be_v those_o which_o be_v make_v of_o earth_n because_o when_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a thickness_n to_o make_v resistance_n they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o endamage_v the_o besiege_a as_o those_o fortification_n be_v which_o be_v make_v of_o mason_n work_v the_o shiver_n whereof_o do_v much_o mischief_n nevertheless_o when_o a_o prince_n can_v be_v at_o the_o cost_n to_o line_v they_o as_o high_a as_o the_o rampart_n leave_v the_o parapet_n upon_o it_o to_o be_v of_o earth_n cannon-proof_n it_o make_v
must_v be_v enforce_v to_o begin_v their_o work_n anew_o as_o ofttimes_o as_o you_o overthrow_v it_o insomuch_o as_o the_o besieger_n find_v himself_o so_o entertain_v he_o approach_v with_o much_o more_o ceremony_n and_o at_o last_o his_o soldier_n draw_v back_o so_o that_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v very_o fit_a that_o the_o besiege_v shall_v make_v frequent_a sally_n but_o they_o must_v make_v they_o at_o several_a hour_n that_o so_o they_o may_v the_o better_o surprise_v the_o enemy_n with_o few_o man_n but_o resolute_a to_o avoid_v the_o disorder_n in_o the_o retreat_n and_o to_o do_v no_o other_o thing_n but_o what_o be_v command_v for_o though_o you_o find_v not_o resistance_n at_o the_o fall_n on_o as_o be_v usual_a if_o you_o stay_v to_o little_a purpose_n you_o run_v the_o hazard_n to_o be_v ill_o lead_v off_o at_o the_o retreat_n the_o other_o particularity_n of_o defence_n depend_v upon_o those_o of_o assail_a the_o besieger_n teach_v you_o by_o necessity_n what_o you_o be_v to_o do_v wherein_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o practice_n and_o experience_n which_o can_v well_o direct_v you_o chap._n xiii_o of_o artillery_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o speak_v of_o artillery_n after_o siege_n since_o it_o be_v principal_o by_o mean_n thereof_o that_o town_n be_v take_v and_o that_o since_o this_o have_v be_v in_o use_n there_o be_v no_o place_n find_v impregnable_a if_o they_o be_v not_o inaccessible_a it_o have_v change_v all_o the_o form_n and_o matter_n of_o fortification_n for_o in_o stead_n of_o tower_n and_o ancient_a wall_n which_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v it_o we_o now_o make_v bulwark_n and_o other_o work_n of_o earth_n we_o may_v say_v that_o it_o have_v even_o in_o a_o manner_n alter_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v war_n ancient_o they_o begin_v their_o approach_n to_o town_n where_o now_o we_o end_v they_o for_o on_o the_o first_o day_n they_o lodge_v on_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o moat_n and_o now_o adays_o we_o must_v go_v a_o great_a way_n before_o we_o come_v at_o it_o then_o the_o circumvallation_n be_v make_v out_o of_o reach_n of_o arrow_n only_o now_o they_o must_v be_v make_v beyond_o reach_n of_o cannon_n than_o it_o matter_a not_o though_o the_o fortress_n of_o the_o encamp_v army_n be_v overtop_v so_o as_o they_o have_v their_o other_o convenience_n nowadays_o there_o must_v be_v care_v take_v above_o all_o thing_n that_o they_o be_v not_o in_o those_o time_n two_o army_n be_v quiet_o lead_v in_o battalion_n at_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o pace_n distance_n from_o each_o other_o and_o remain_v there_o whole_a day_n without_o be_v able_a to_o be_v dislodge_v but_o by_o a_o hazard_n of_o a_o general_a battle_n now_o one_o can_v be_v before_o another_o but_o out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o cannon_n otherwise_o he_o that_o have_v most_o of_o they_o or_o that_o have_v plant_v they_o best_o beat_v out_o the_o other_o without_o fight_v at_o that_o time_n a_o general_n of_o a_o army_n can_v know_v the_o order_n of_o his_o enemy_n at_o a_o near_a distance_n and_o form_v his_o own_o according_a to_o that_o seek_v his_o advantage_n upon_o the_o defect_n of_o another_o and_o all_o without_o danger_n now_o these_o thing_n can_v no_o more_o be_v observe_v but_o so_o far_o off_o as_o you_o must_v rather_o trust_v to_o your_o own_o good_a order_n then_o upon_o any_o defect_n in_o that_o of_o your_o enemy_n then_o one_o army_n can_v charge_v another_o without_o lose_v their_o order_n because_o they_o have_v not_o above_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o pace_n to_o march_v in_o these_o time_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o observe_v it_o in_o sight_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o half_a a_o league_n together_o and_o to_o find_v a_o plain_a which_o shall_v be_v even_o and_o without_o hindrance_n whereunto_o i_o add_v further_o that_o without_o a_o great_a exercise_n of_o march_v in_o battalion_n you_o be_v not_o able_a to_o march_v a_o thousand_o pace_n without_o lose_v all_o your_o distance_n of_o battalion_n and_o squadron_n and_o by_o consequence_n without_o be_v in_o confusion_n since_o therefore_o the_o cannon_n be_v of_o so_o great_a use_n in_o war_n and_o have_v so_o great_a a_o share_n in_o the_o victory_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o you_o know_v how_o to_o make_v good_a use_n of_o it_o it_o be_v a_o engine_n which_o all_o can_v well_o employ_v for_o it_o be_v of_o great_a expense_n and_o belong_v only_o to_o great_a and_o puissant_a state_n to_o make_v ordinary_a use_n of_o they_o they_o tie_v they_o to_o a_o great_a charge_n for_o draught_n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o draught-horse_n require_v to_o draw_v one_o cannon_n for_o battery_n through_o all_o kind_n of_o way_n and_o to_o shoot_v only_o a_o hundred_o bullet_n by_o this_o you_o may_v judge_v according_a to_o the_o number_n which_o you_o mean_v to_o employ_v what_o length_n of_o ground_n it_o take_v up_o to_o manage_v one_o piece_n of_o battery_n well_o there_o must_v be_v eighteen_o man_n beside_o how_o many_o smith_n carter_n farrier_n and_o other_o workman_n must_v there_o be_v in_o the_o train_n to_o repair_v the_o carriage_n how_o many_o carpenter_n to_o make_v bridge_n how_o how_o many_o pioner_n to_o accommodate_v the_o highway_n brief_o a_o army_n which_o carry_v cannon_n with_o it_o can_v march_v but_o leisurely_o and_o that_o which_o have_v none_o can_v do_v no_o great_a effect_n therefore_o in_o these_o time_n the_o artillery_n be_v a_o essential_a part_n of_o a_o army_n but_o withal_o if_o the_o general_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v approach_v too_o near_o without_o entrench_v himself_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o disentangle_v himself_o without_o fight_v or_o lose_v it_o which_o can_v so_o happen_v without_o lose_v much_o of_o his_o reputation_n for_o this_o reason_n he_o ought_v to_o inform_v himself_o very_o particular_o of_o all_o that_o depend_v on_o the_o artillery_n and_o that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v deceive_v he_o must_v know_v the_o least_o even_o of_o the_o small_a thing_n namely_o of_o the_o mixture_n sound_v proportion_n weight_n calibre_fw-la and_o carriage_n of_o what_o will_v it_o must_v be_v how_o it_o must_v be_v conduct_v according_a to_o the_o several_a way_n miry_a or_o mountainous_a how_o to_o pass_v river_n how_o to_o secure_v the_o battery_n as_o well_o against_o the_o cannon_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o against_o his_o sally_n what_o ground_n the_o cannon_n must_v have_v for_o his_o reverse_n what_o distance_n between_o piece_n and_o piece_n in_o what_o manner_n the_o platform_n must_v be_v make_v at_o what_o distance_n the_o battery_n be_v sufficient_a and_o other_o thing_n whereof_o i_o do_v not_o here_o specify_v the_o particular_n because_o other_o have_v write_v of_o they_o it_o suffice_v i_o to_o show_v the_o use_n of_o artillery_n the_o chargeableness_n of_o it_o the_o turmoil_n of_o it_o and_o whereunto_o it_o engage_v you_o to_o incite_v general_n not_o to_o rely_v upon_o other_o and_o to_o know_v the_o benefit_n and_o discommodity_n thereof_o so_o well_o that_o they_o may_v make_v use_n of_o the_o one_o to_o their_o advantage_n and_o avoid_v the_o other_o by_o their_o foresight_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o baggage_n and_o pioner_n after_o the_o great_a turmoil_n of_o the_o artillery_n i_o will_v speak_v a_o word_n of_o that_o of_o the_o baggage_n it_o be_v a_o great_a shame_n to_o lose_v it_o but_o it_o be_v also_o a_o hard_a matter_n to_o preserve_v it_o when_o it_o be_v excessive_a there_o be_v nothing_o that_o bring_v so_o much_o disorder_n to_o a_o army_n therefore_o it_o be_v high_o necessary_a to_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o small_a proportion_n that_o may_v be_v and_o to_o make_v a_o review_n of_o it_o every_o month_n for_o it_o grow_v in_o the_o twinkle_n of_o a_o eye_n we_o be_v so_o delicate_a now_o a_o day_n as_o we_o will_v hardly_o carry_v our_o arm_n much_o less_o will_v we_o carry_v a_o week_n victual_v about_o we_o so_o long_o as_o such_o a_o abuse_n be_v suffer_v in_o a_o army_n it_o will_v make_v itself_o incapable_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a for_o as_o in_o a_o battle_n he_o which_o can_v last_o preserve_v some_o troop_n which_o have_v not_o fight_v carry_v away_o the_o victory_n so_o he_o that_o last_o keep_v his_o army_n in_o health_n complete_a and_o accustom_v to_o labour_n do_v the_o like_a which_o he_o can_v do_v if_o the_o soldier_n be_v so_o delicate_a as_o they_o can_v carry_v their_o baggage_n beside_o that_o sickness_n and_o famine_n get_v not_o into_o a_o army_n but_o by_o this_o rascalliâ—ie_n of_o soldier_n boy_n and_o this_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o nothing_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n as_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o dissipation_n of_o the_o most_o flourish_a yea_o i_o
it_o have_v fail_v it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o here_o only_o one_o tribune_n be_v mention_v which_o cause_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o two_o tribune_n which_o have_v the_o authority_n for_o two_o month_n time_n do_v agree_v to_o command_v every_o day_n by_o turn_n concern_v the_o guard_n it_o be_v keep_v day_n and_o night_n and_o the_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n be_v divide_v into_o eight_o watch_n first_o the_o consul_n be_v guard_v by_o his_o ordinary_a cohort_n then_o every_o body_n make_v their_o guard_n round_o about_o his_o lodging_n and_o beside_o there_o be_v three_o guard_n keep_v one_o at_o the_o questor_n lodging_n and_o the_o two_o other_o at_o the_o lodging_n of_o the_o consul_n two_o lieutenant_n the_o tergiductour_n or_o rear-commander_n order_v the_o guard_n which_o draw_v by_o lot_n which_o shall_v begin_v first_o and_o they_o which_o be_v to_o begin_v be_v lead_v to_o the_o tribune_n which_o then_o command_v who_o give_v they_o the_o order_n of_o the_o guard_n and_o beside_o that_o a_o little_a tablet_n with_o a_o mark_n and_o all_o the_o guard_n be_v set_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o round_n be_v make_v by_o the_o cavalry_n whereof_o the_o chief_a officer_n command_v four_o for_o the_o day_n and_o four_o for_o the_o night_n the_o first_o go_v and_o take_v their_o order_n from_o the_o tribune_n who_o give_v they_o in_o write_v what_o guard_v they_o be_v to_o visit_v the_o relieve_n and_o visit_v of_o the_o guard_n be_v do_v eight_o time_n in_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n at_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o trumpet_n and_o the_o first_o centurion_n of_o the_o triarii_n have_v the_o charge_n to_o cause_v they_o to_o march_v when_o occasion_n serve_v when_o the_o trumpet_n give_v they_o warning_n the_o four_o forementioned_a soldier_n draw_v lot_n and_o he_o to_o who_o it_o fall_v to_o begin_v take_v some_o of_o his_o friend_n with_o he_o and_o if_o in_o go_v the_o round_o he_o find_v the_o guard_n in_o good_a order_n he_o only_o take_v from_o they_o the_o mark_n which_o the_o tribune_n have_v give_v they_o and_o carry_v it_o he_o back_o again_o next_o morning_n but_o if_o he_o find_v the_o guard_n abandon_v or_o any_o sentinel_n asleep_a or_o any_o other_o disorder_n he_o make_v his_o report_n thereof_o to_o the_o tribune_n with_o his_o witness_n and_o present_o a_o council_n be_v call_v to_o prove_v the_o offence_n and_o to_o punish_v the_o delinquent_n according_a to_o his_o desert_n the_o velite_n make_v the_o guard_n round_o about_o the_o retrenchment_n on_o the_o outside_n and_o inside_n of_o it_o and_o at_o the_o gate_n the_o ally_n have_v the_o same_o order_n we_o find_v not_o in_o write_v the_o number_n of_o their_o corps-du-guard_n how_o they_o place_v their_o sentinel_n round_o about_o the_o camp_n and_o how_o many_o a_o day_n be_v free_a from_o the_o guard_n chap._n vi_o of_o punishment_n and_o reward_n none_o but_o the_o consul_n can_v condemn_v any_o to_o death_n and_o he_o have_v this_o authority_n as_o well_o over_o the_o principal_a commander_n of_o the_o army_n as_o over_o the_o mean_a soldier_n thereof_o the_o tribune_n administer_v military_a justice_n which_o be_v rigorous_o practise_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o ordinary_a punish_v be_v thus_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o tribune_n have_v touch_v the_o party_n condemn_v with_o a_o staff_n or_o a_o rod_n every_o soldier_n lay_v on_o upon_o he_o with_o cudgel_n or_o batter_v he_o with_o stone_n and_o oftentimes_o before_o he_o can_v get_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n he_o be_v kill_v but_o yet_o if_o he_o escape_v he_o be_v not_o receive_v into_o his_o country_n again_o and_o none_o of_o his_o kindred_n dare_v give_v he_o entertainment_n he_o that_o oppose_a or_o neglect_v the_o order_n give_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o for_o the_o round_n or_o other_o service_n concern_v the_o security_n of_o the_o camp_n or_o false_o pretend_v to_o have_v do_v some_o signal_n act_n or_o have_v forsake_v the_o place_n where_o he_o have_v be_v place_v or_o have_v lose_v his_o arm_n in_o the_o battle_n or_o have_v steal_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o camp_n or_o bear_v false_a witness_n or_o else_o have_v forsake_v his_o ensign_n be_v punish_v after_o this_o manner_n as_o also_o he_o which_o commit_v small_a fault_n thrice_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o many_o legion_n or_o one_o legion_n or_o a_o gross_a troup_n have_v run_v away_o they_o be_v punish_v two_o way_n the_o more_o rigorous_a way_n be_v to_o make_v they_o all_o draw_v lot_n and_o to_o punish_v every_o ten_o man_n or_o more_o or_o few_o according_a to_o the_o exigence_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o this_o mean_v all_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fear_n and_o a_o small_a number_n of_o they_o be_v punish_v the_o more_o gentle_a way_n be_v to_o cause_v they_o to_o lodge_v without_o the_o camp_n and_o to_o give_v they_o barley_n in_o stead_n of_o wheat_n which_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o ignominy_n which_o many_o troop_n have_v wipe_v out_o by_o perform_v valorous_a and_o memorable_a act_n concern_v their_o reward_n they_o excite_v those_o soldier_n by_o honourable_a acknowledgement_n and_o public_a commendation_n in_o presence_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o have_v perform_v some_o valorous_a and_o extraordinary_a act_n beside_o that_o to_o he_o that_o have_v wound_v a_o enemy_n in_o some_o light_a skirmish_n or_o that_o voluntary_o have_v go_v and_o assault_v he_o they_o give_v a_o dart_n to_o he_o which_o have_v kill_v and_o disarm_v he_o if_o he_o be_v one_o that_o serve_v on_o foot_n they_o give_v a_o target_n if_o he_o be_v a_o horseman_n a_o horse-furniture_n to_o he_o that_o at_o the_o assault_n of_o a_o town_n be_v first_o get_v up_o upon_o the_o wall_n they_o give_v a_o crown_n which_o they_o call_v muralis_fw-la to_o he_o which_o have_v rescue_v a_o roman_a citizen_n a_o crown_n call_v civica_n which_o be_v set_v upon_o his_o head_n by_o he_o which_o be_v so_o rescue_v who_o he_o respect_v and_o honour_v all_o his_o life_n after_o as_o his_o father_n the_o commander_n have_v also_o their_o share_n of_o honour_n by_o the_o several_a triumph_n which_o they_o obtain_v according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o action_n and_o the_o felicity_n of_o their_o victory_n chap._n vii_o of_o their_o pay_n concern_v their_o pay_n it_o begin_v not_o until_o three_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n before_o that_o every_o soldier_n arm_v and_o victual_v himself_o at_o his_o own_o charge_n which_o be_v no_o hard_a thing_n in_o those_o time_n because_o their_o war_n be_v then_o extend_v no_o further_o than_o rome_n but_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o go_v out_o of_o italy_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o give_v they_o pay_v which_o at_o the_o beginning_n be_v very_o small_a afterward_o it_o increase_v as_o the_o roman_a empire_n grow_v in_o greatness_n i_o will_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o make_v the_o valuation_n of_o it_o according_a to_o our_o money_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o no_o utility_n only_o i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o soldier_n pay_n must_v be_v so_o proportion_v as_o he_o may_v maintain_v himself_o well_o thereby_o i_o will_v further_o observe_v here_o that_o the_o roman_n charge_v themselves_o with_o the_o furnish_n of_o bread_n apparel_n arms_z and_o tent_n for_o all_o their_o soldier_n and_o beside_o barley_n for_o the_o horseman_n horse_n abate_v these_o thing_n out_o of_o their_o pay_n which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v a_o good_a order_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o make_v a_o army_n subsist_v for_o beside_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o soldier_n be_v bad_a husband_n and_o such_o as_o if_o a_o care_n be_v not_o take_v will_v never_o be_v well_o clothe_v nor_o well_o feed_v it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o soldier_n shall_v everywhere_o find_v bread_n to_o be_v buy_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v carry_v all_o thing_n with_o he_o which_o he_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o chap._n viii_o of_o their_o order_n of_o battalion_n there_o be_v a_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n about_o the_o order_n of_o battle_n of_o the_o roman_n some_o will_v have_v it_o that_o when_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v not_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o enemy_n charge_n in_o their_o retreat_n they_o shall_v fall_v into_o the_o order_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la by_o file_n and_o both_o they_o into_o the_o order_n of_o the_o triarii_n and_o so_o to_o renew_v the_o fight_n three_o time_n other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v do_v by_o troop_n whereof_o i_o conceive_v there_o be_v much_o the_o great_a probability_n hold_v the_o first_o way_n not_o only_o impossible_a to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n but_o also_o most_o dangerous_a &_o the_o other_o exceed_v feisible_a and_o profitable_a for_o to_o fall_v one_o into_o another_o in_o that_o manner_n by_o file_n