repair to their private rest whether in Leaguer or Garison The Watch being then set and the Tapto being returned to the Corps due Guard there is a Warning-piece discharged after which no person ought to be out of their Quarters or from their Posts without the Word be given them by which means the Garrison or Leaguer will be in quiet So that all private Watches and Sentinels may more distinctly perform their Duty to the safety of the Garrison or Leaguer A Revally is beaten in the Morning by break of day I suppose it comes from the French word Reveiller to awake from Sleep at which time the Sub-Officers usually take off their out Sentinels These two last spoken of as I suppose cannot be said to be Points of War but only private Directions for a Garison or Leaguer the one to give notice at what time the Garison or Leaguer ought to be at rest and quiet the other to shew the hour that the Gates shall be set open for all Commerce Now as you may learn for what end these six several Beats of the Drum are made use of observe Barriffe Barriffe in his Military Discipline p. 5. First By a Call you must understand to hear present Proclamation or else to repair to your Ensign Secondly By a Troop understand to shoulder your Musket to advance your Pike to close your Ranks and Files to order and troop along with or follow your Officer to the place of Randezvouze or elsewhere Thirdly By a March you are to understand to take your Open Order in Rank to shoulder both Musket and Pike and to direct your March either quicker or flower according to the Beat of the Drum Fourthly By a Preparative you are to understand to close to your due distance for Skirmish both in Rank and File which distance you shall understand hereafter and then to make ready that so you may execute upon the first Command Fifthly By the Battel or Charge understand the continuation or pressing forward in order of Battel without laging behind rather boldly stepping forward in the place of him that falls dead or wounded before thee Sixthly By a Retreat understand an orderly retiring backward either for Relief advantage of the Ground or for some politic end as to draw the Enemy into some Ambushment or such-like So that for the Drum it is the Voice of the Commander the Spur of the Valiant and the Heart of the Coward So far Barriffe As for the Antiquity of the Drum is is said that Bacchus was the first Inventor of it and so from Age to Age it hath been thought a fit Instrument for the Service of the Foot as you may read at large in these several Authors mentioned in the Margin Polyd. lib. 1. in Bac. §. 1. Curtius lib. 8. 372. Plutarch in Crasso App. in Parthicis 143. And not only the Drum was thought a fit Instrument alone for the Foot but they were allowed some other pleasing Instrument to delight and transport the Spirits of the Soldiers as the Flute Harp and Pipe * Plutar. in Lycurgo Plutarch much commending the Lacedemonian manner of joyning with their Enemy saith When the King hath offered the Goat that was the Lacedemonian Sacrifice when they were to give Battel he streight Commands all the Army to Crown their Heads and the Flutes to sound the Measure of ‖ For this Measure see Jul. Pollux l. 4. c. 10. §. 2. Castor and himself withall beginneth the †Paean is a Hymn proper to Apollo Jul. 1. Pollux l. 1. c. 1. §. 33. fifth Paean the Song they used when they went to Charge at the first advancing against the Enemy So that it is a brave and no less fearful thing saith he to behold them pacing according to the measure of the Flute neither disturbing their Order nor shewing any astonishment of Mind but mildly and joyfully approaching the danger of Conflict dividing out their March to the sound of the Flute for it is not likely that Men so demeaning themselves can be transported with Fear or Choller nay rather they must needs have a setled Mind full of Hope and Assurance as if God were on their side Thus Plutarch Thucyd. l. 5. 393 A. The Lacedemonians likewise used Flutes and made them their Instruments to measure out as it were the steps of War for they used an easie and slow pace framed to the cadence of the sound Athenaeus Deipnosoph l. 12. 517 A. Athenaeus rehearseth out of Herodotus that the Lydians used the like Instruments to Dance as it were the Measures of War by And he addeth that the Cretians made choice of the Harp for their Instruments of War as though it had been peculiar to that Nation Pausan in Lacon 193. Pausanias testifieth the like of the Lacedemonians that they brought in Flutes and Measures into the War and we are not ignorant that in our late unhappy Wars both in Ireland and Scotland how much the Northern Pipe was used being a very shrill and loud Pipe and much surpassing the Flute for its shrilness in pacing out the Measures of War with delight to the Soldiers for I have heard some judicious Commanders affirm That they did believe the Pipes did much transport the Valour of the Soldiers So that they had a sufficient Pay allowed them even equal with the Drum CHAP. XI NOW that our Soldiers have attained some small knowledge in the use of their Arms and rightly understand the Beats of the Drum it will be expedient in the next place to shew them the several Distances which are these four viz. Close Order which is both in Rank and File 1 Foot ½ Order 3 Foot Open Order 6 Foot Double Distance 12 Foot There is several Distances to be performed in First March Secondly Motion Thirdly Skirmish The distance of March between File and File is 3 Foot and between Rank and Rank 12 Foot The distance of Motion between File and Rank is 6 Foot The distance for intire Doublings and Skirmishes between Rank and File is 3 Foot The distance for prevention of Cannon Shots is between File and File 12 or 24 Foot which is the Double-Double Distance For to deliver unto you the opinions of several ancient Commanders concerning Distance will be needless it being sufficiently made plain by several eminent Authors but to proceed with all brevity possible to the words of Command which are as followeth The Company being upon the Ground at their Open Order you may Command Ranks Close forward Files Close inward to Order Ranks Close forward Files Close inward to Close Order Ranks Open backwards Files Open to the Right to Order Ranks Open backward Files Open to the Left to Open Order Ranks Open backward Files Open outward to Double Distance Ranks Close forward Files Close inward to Open Order Note That Close Order is useful for the Pikes to be at upon the Charge to the Horse or for any manner of Wheeling or when the Commander is
to deliver somewhat of Concernment to the Soldier But if any one have a desire to be farther satisfied concerning Distance let them read Barriffe Ward Ven and Elton who have sufficiently treated of this Subject at large it being my design only to model an Exercise with as much abreviation as possible being it is only intended a Pocket-Book for the benefit of the young Soldier CHAP. XII BEfore I come to shew the variety of Facings in the Action I think it will not be amiss to define unto you what is meant by Facing Facing is a particular turning of the Aspect from one part to another whereby the Front proper becomes the Front accidental and a Front accidental may be reduced to his proper Front The words of Command take as followeth Command Face to the Right Left Reer Front Center or midst As you were Command Face to the Front and Reer Right and left outward Right and left inward Midst of Files Midst of Ranks As you were Command To the Right Right Right Right Right about Left about As you were Command To the Left Left Left Left Left about Right about As you were Command Half Files Face to the Right Left Right and left outward Right about Left about Right and left inward As you were There is also a Facing which causeth the Body to Face to the Front Reer and both Flanks which some call Facing square of which I will prick some few Figures of Facings which will be sufficient to demonstrate all the rest to an ingenious fancy Command Face square and March The Direction is Two first Ranks stand the two last Ranks Face about the rest of the Body Face to right and left then March all Proper Front Front accidental Front of the Reer When your Soldiers begin any Motion let them Advance their Pikes and Shoulder their Muskets Now to reduce this Figure to its first Order Command Face all about to the Right March and Close your Divisions To your Leader who stands at the proper Front To Face Square another way and March upon it Command Face Square and March The Direction is Muskettiers Face to both Flanks half Files of Pikes Face to the Right about March all Now you must understand when the Command is Half Files it is always to be understood the Reer half Files otherwise the word Front half Files is commanded Proper Front Front of the Reer To reduce this Figure to its former Order Command Face all to the Right about March and Close your Divisions To your Leader and they are reduced Take another Figure of Battel produced by Facing Command The two first Ranks stand the rest Face outward and move clear of the standing part The two last Ranks move outward sideways two Paces To your Leader They may give Fire to the Front or to the Reer or to both Flanks or to all four at once falling in the Reer of their own Divisions this according as the Captain pleaseth to Command Command Front Division advance forward three paces the two next Divisions move outwards one pace Pikes in each Division face about and move two paces to your Leader Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer advance forward and range even in Front and Reer with the middle Divisions of Pikes the first Rank of Pikes in the front Division move three foot clear of the standing part They may give Fire in the Front or in the Reer or to both Flanks or to all four at once Command The first and last Rank of the first Division of Pikes Face about and move down clear of the Reer and close Ranks forward to Order Outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about move down and slank your own Divisions of Pikes The first Division of Pikes move forward and range even a Breast with your own Division of Muskettiers The front Division of Muskettiers close into the midst to Order As for firing upon any of these Figures the Captain may use his own discretion either to Front Reer or both Flanks or to all at once Command The outmost Divisions face outward and move two paces Face to your Leader Move up until you range even a Breast with the second Divisions next the Front Reer Division move streight forward two paces Command Front Division advance forward three paces The outmost Division upon the Flanks move up and range even with the Front DIRECTION For the first Firing upon this Figure let them all face to the Reer and the middle Division of Muskettiers move forwards and flank the Reer Division of Pikes After let all the Muskettiers advance forwards three Foot clear of their own Divisions of Pikes and give Fire falling in the Reer of themselves and after facing about move into their places again The second Firing may be to both Flanks or to all four as the Commander pleaseth falling in the Reer of themselves The third Firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Flanks move down even with the Reer and give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move up into their places again and face to their Leader The fourth Firing Let them Fire on the Ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves and the Pikes in the Reer may Charge on and after facing to their Leader You may proceed to the next Command which will be as followeth Command The outmost Divisions face inward and march three paces The next two Divisions face outward and move two paces To your Leader Reer Division move outward until you stand streight with the front Divisions You must note That the Front and Reer Divisions of Muskettiers by Firing have interchang'd Ground which causes this Reducement Front Divisions face about Front and Reer Divisions march and interchange Ground To your Leader The outmost Divisions face inward and close your Divisions To your Leader Even your Ranks and streighten your Files and close to Order They are reduced CHAP. XIII NOW our Soldiers being somewhat expert in the true use and handling of their Arms and likewise in the several Beats of the Drum together with the Distances Facings and other Dignities of Place thereunto belonging it will be convenient to draw them into the Field but it will be convenient to shew 1. How to march a Company to the Field 2. How to draw them up into a Body Lastly To instruct them in the several Doublings Counter-marches and Wheelings All which shall be performed by six days Exercise every days Exercise being digested into several Figures and Forms of Battel with their several ways of Firing Doubling Counter-marches and Wheeling upon every Form and Figure of Battel Of Marching a Company in Divisions The Order and Places of the Officers and Drums IN Marching the Officers are to observe the Ranks to be at 12 Foot distance and that the Files be closed to Open Order The Soldiers must always begin to march with their right Foot first which is observed to conduce most to the keeping of due Order in Ranks The Captain is
C. Countermarch Front and Reer into the midst Direction Half Files face about and turn off to the left Front half Files turn off to the right and face to your Leader R. Countermarch your Front and Reer into the midst again will reduce the last Command or else by any other Divisional Countermarch of Files C. Front and Reer half Files Countermarch to the right Direction Front half Files Countermarch to the right following your File-Leaders Reer half Files Countermarch to the right following your Half File-Leaders R. Countermarch Front and Reer into the midst then face to the first Front and they are reduced C. Countermarch your Flanks into the midst Direction Face to the right and left outwards the right Flank turn off to the right the left Flank turn off to the left March and close your Divisions R. Countermarch your Flank into the midst again and they are reduced C. Right and left half Ranks interchange your Ground Direction Face to the right and left inward March and interchange your Ground face to your Leader R. Interchanging of Ground back again will reduce them or Divisionally to Countermarch their Flanks into the midst of the Battel The Lacedemonian Countermarch losing Ground C. Files to the right hand Countermarch placing your selves before your Bringers up to your Leader Direction Bringers up face about to the right the rest Countermarch to the right every Man turning on the Ground he stands following their Leaders placing themselves before their Bringers up R. Bringers up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Bringers up C. Files to the right hand Countermarch every Man turning on the Ground he stands Direction The File-Leaders of each File are to step sideways to the right and so march even in Rank together every Man following his Leader and turning on the Ground he stands R. Files to the left hand Countermarch every Ma turning on the Ground he stands C. Bringers up face about to the right the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Bringers up Direction Face all to the right about Bringers up stand the rest of the Body pass through the right and place your selves before your Bringers up Note This Motion is begun by the Rank next the Bringers up and so continued successively by the rest 'till the Command be ended R. This Countermarch may be reduced by doing the same to the contrary hand or if you please C. Bringers up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers up Note This Command is performed by the Rank next the Reer until the File-Leaders become the Bringers up then face them to the proper Front and they are reduced Direction The last Rank or Bringers up are to stand the rest of the Body to face to the Reer and pass through to the right placing themselves behind their Bringers up then face them all about after their proper File-Leaders and they are reduced as at first C. Ranks to the right hand Countermarch every Man turning after his right hand Man on the Ground he stands Direction Face all to the right which being performed the right hand File together with all the rest becomes Ranks and so begin the Countermarch every Rank turning after his right hand Man on the Ground he stands and so marcheth forth-right beyond that which was the left Flank R. Right hand File face to the right the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your right hand Men. The Macedonian Countermarches gaining Ground C. File-Leaders face about to the right the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Leaders Note This Motion beginneth with that Rank next the File-Leaders Direction File-Leaders face about to the right the rest pass through the intervals to the right and place themselves behind their Leaders every Rank successively passing through and taking their places R. File-Leaders face to the Reer the rest pass through the left following your Bringors up placing your selves behind your Leaders Note This Countermarch may be reduced as the rest by doing the same to the contrary hand or by an entire Countermarch of Files Direction File-Leaders face to the Reer then the Bringers up begin the Countermarch passing forward between the intervals turning on the Ground they stand the 5 following the 6 and so likewise the rest until the Countermarch is ended then face them to their first Front and they are reduced as at first R. For Reducement observe this for all That any entire Countermarch of File or Rank may be reduced by another entire Countermarch by File or Rank of what kind or to what hand soever This may suffice to be spoken of all the several sorts and kinds of Countermarches they being the least useful of any part of the Art Military and of late not so much as practised upon Service either abroad or at home very little in any of our Annual Exercises Therefore in the next place I come briefly to treat of Wheelings being a Subject more profitable for the intelligible Soldier CHAP. XVII Of Wheelings with their several Uses BEfore you begin to wheel close both Ranks and Files to their Order Two things are to be observed in all Wheelings by the Soldier 1. That they keep their due Distance which is in all Wheelings three Foot both in Rank and File 2. That upon all Wheelings you must be sure to observe your Leader and follow him keeping your due Distance your Muskettiers being all either shoulder'd or palmed which is the Sentinel Posture your Pikes to be either shoulder'd or advanced conformable to the Muskettier for if he be palmed the Pike may be advanced and then he is ready either for Port or Charge Entire Wheelings C. Wheel your Battel to the Right Left Right about Left about Direction The right or left hand Men in the Front are the Hinges of these Motions who with a small Motion move to the right or left the rest the more their places are remote from the right or left Angle the more swift must every Man's Motion be to bring their Aspects unto the place commanded following their Leaders and keeping their due Distance R. For Reducement if you wheel your Battel to the right wheel it again to the left and they are reduced but not to the same Ground if to the right about wheel to the left about but if you would reduce them as well to the first Ground as their first Aspect face them to the right and then wheel them to the left about which being done face them to the left and they are perfectly reduced as at first But the nearest Reducement of Aspect and Place is If you wheel to the right about then wheel to the right about again if to the left about then to the left about in like manner C. Wheel your Battel on the same Ground to the Right Left Right about Left about Direction Left
and after close March Note Every even Rank from the Front face outward and double the odd March Next follows to shew some Divisional Doublings by the same C. Double your Ranks to the right and left by Division March R. The outmost Files upon each Flank that moved face inward and strengthen the Body March C. Double your Ranks to the right and left by Division every Man placing himself on the outside of his right and left hand Man March R. The outmost Files upon each Flank that moved double the inmost Files to the right and left inward every Man placing himself on the inside of his right and left hand Men. March C. Half Files double your Front by Division March Half Files face outwards and march clear of the Body face to your Leader move up and double the Front R. The outmost Files upon each Flank that moved double entire the depth of the inmost Files March Entire Doublings to the Front by Wheelings C. Wheel off your Reer half Files and double your Front to the right entire March Half Files face about and wheel to the left R. Wheel off your Right half Ranks and double your left Flank entire to the left C. Wheel off your Reer half Files and double your Front to the left entire Face outward and Left half Ranks wheel about to the left R. Wheel off your Left half Ranks and double your right Flank to the right entire C. Wheel your Reer half Files inward into the midst and double your Front inward entire March R. The inmost Files that doubled wheel about to the right and left outward and double entire the depth of the outmost Files after face to your Leader and close Files to the midst to order Divisional Doubling to the Front by Wheeling C. Wheel off your Reer half Files and double your Front by Division March R. The outmost Files upon each Flank that doubled wheel about to the right and left inward and double entire the depth of the inmost Files face to your Leader March CHAP. XV. Of Conversion and Inversion with some few words of Command and Reducements THE difference betwixt Inversion and Conversion is this Inversion doth always produce File or Files and Conversion Rank or Ranks Inversion consists of Files filing or of Ranks filing Conversion of Ranks ranking to the right or to the left or by increase of Files ranking by even or uneven parts Note That what is commanded to the Right the same may be performed to the Left The words of Command for Inversion are as followeth C. Files file to the right R. Files file six to the left C. Files file to the right and left by Division R. Files file six to the right and left C. Files file to the right entire advancing R. File six to the right towards the Front C. Files file inward into the right Flank The right hand File stands the rest move away placing themselves in a direct File before the Front R. Front half Files file three to the left Reer half Files face about and file three to the right face to your Leader and close your Divisions C. Files file to the right by Division R. Front half Files file three to the right and Reer half Files face about and file three to the left face to your Leader and close your Divisions C. Files file inward into the right and left Flank by Division R. Half Files face about to the right Front and Reer half Files file three to the right and left inwards face to your Leader and close your Divisions For filing inward the half Files are to face about and so the left hand File of the Reer and right of the Front are to move away 'till they become one File Filing by Division is the same only the right hand File stands the rest move away Filing inward into the right Flank by Division half Files are to face about then the File-Leaders and Bringers up of the right and left are to lead and so successively fall into the Reer of each other Of Ranks filing Ranks filing is sooner performed and reduced than Files filing and will be more ready to make resistance against any opposition in the Front C. Ranks file to the right or to the left placing your selves behind your right hand Men. Direction If they be upon a stand they may open to their distance each Ranke and so place themselves behind their right hand Men. If upon a March as to pass some narrow Defile the readiest way to perform it and draw up in order again as soon as past is to make the Ranks file if to the right the right hand Man files first and the rest of his Rank follow him 'till the Defile be past For larger Defiles the Commander draws off as he judges the way will easily receive R. Files rank as you were C. Ranks file to the right and left by Division Tacticks of Aelian c. 30. p. 6. Direction It is the same with the last differing only in this the half Ranks to the left fall behind their left hand Men to the left the half Ranks to the right behind their several right hand Men. R. Files rank to the right and left inward as you were The words of Command for Conversion are as followeth C. Files rank three to the right Direction In this Motion the File-Leader is first to move to the Hand commanded and the half File-Leader is to advance the same way R. Ranks file as you were C. Files rank six to the left March Direction In this Motion close Ranks forward to order and open Files to double Distance then let every Man in his File move up to the left of his File-Leader so every File will become one Rank This if the Company be small will make it seem more large Battalion like C. Ranks rank outward into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face outward placing your selves successively into the Front after face to your Leader R. Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward as you were C. Ranks rank inward into the Front The twelve middlemost men stand which is the first Rank the rest move successively after the first Rank Direction The first Rank is to move away to the right and left the next Rank moving up into his ground doing the like and so all the rest until the last Rank be come up entire into the Front R. Ranks rank six to the right and left outward Direction The first six upon the right and the first six upon the left stand the rest move outward falling in the Reer of the first Rank ranking six to the right and left and after closing their Divisions C. Files rank to the right into the Front Direction Open to the left to your double Distance and Ranks close forward to close Order and move up to the right into the Front R. Ranks file six to the left Direction To perform which the first six upon the left
are to fall into a File the rest doing the like until they are all converted into Files C. Ranks rank outward into the Front every Man placing himself on the outside of his right and left hand Man This Ranking is by Countermarch Direction The first Rank stand the rest move forth to the right and left successively and advance into the Front every Man placing himself on the outside of his right and left hand Man R. Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward every Man placing himself on the inside of his right and left hand Man Note The twelve middle men are to stand the rest to move six to the right hand and six to the left inward C. Ranks rank inward into the Front every Man placing himself on the inside of his right and left hand Man Direction Right and left half Ranks open from the midst to twice double Distance the first Rank of each Division is to stand the rest are to move to the right and left inward into the Front R. Ranks rank six to the right and left outward every Man placing himself on the outside of his right and left hand Man and after to close their Divisions C. Files rank to the right by wheeling into the Front Direction Files open to the left to your double Distance Ranks close forward to your close Order face to the right and wheel 'till all the whole Body be brought into one entire Rank R. Ranks file as you were C. Files rank into the Front and Reer by Division Direction Files open to the left to your open Order Ranks close forward to your close Order half Files face about to the right and left then move all in Front and Reer and make two entire Ranks R. Front half Files face about to the left Reer half Files face about to the right then wheel half Files into the midst as they were then face them to their Leader and close their Files at discretion Observe that those in motion are to face to the right Flank C. Ranks rank two to the right This may be observ'd with any even number Direction The two first in Rank advance forwards to the right the next two in the Reer of them until the first Rank have performed the Command all the rest of the Ranks is to perform the like R. Ranks rank as you were C. Ranks rank two to the right and left outward Direction The two outmost Men upon the right and left hand advance forwards the next in the same Rank are to follow dividing themselves two to the right hand and two to the left 'till the Motion be finished R. Ranks as you were Or Rank twelve to the right and left inward C. Ranks rank two to the right and left inward Direction The two inmost Men of the right and left hand in the midst of the Battel advance forwards the next in the same Rank are to follow two from the right hand and two from the left until all have performed the Command C. Ranks rank 1 3 5 7 9 c. by increase and decrease as they stand in a Body Direction The right hand Man of the first Rank march forth then the three next of the same Rank follow him then five more out of the same Rank to make the third and what is wanting in the first Rank of the Body to make good the fourth in Figure must be taken out of the second in Body and so to proceed in the remainder both for its increase and decrease until your Command be produced R. Right hand Men Rank as you were C. Ranks rank to each Flank by wheeling to the right and left into the same by Division Observe they are to be at double Distance in Rank and at Order in File Direction Face them to the Reer and then let them wheel into their places R. Ranks rank as you were face to your Leader But if you would avoid mixture of Arms you may place all your Muskettiers either in Front and Reer or else wheel only the Muskettiers first and leave the Pikes standing Otherwise it may be performed in marching and then the Reducement as before Rank as you were C. Ranks of your Front and Reer half Files wheel outwards to your right and left Flank by Division Note They are to observe the same distance as in the former Command Direction Half Files face about Ranks open to your double Distance then Front and Reer half Files wheel to the right and left outwards into both Flanks R. Front and Reer half Files face to the right and left inwards and Rank as you were and close Ranks forward to order C. Files rank three first then by increase to the Right two in each Division of Muskettiers and Pikes These are termed half Rhombs or Wedges R. Ranks file as you were C. Files rank first two and by increase two from the whole Body You may make a Wedge of all together R. Ranks file as you were Note You may alter the mixture of Arms at pleasure C. Files rank first two and by increase and decrease two in each Rank divisionally both of Muskets and Pikes Tacticks of Aelian pag. 108. R. Ranks file as you were CHAP. XVI Of Countermarches with their several sorts and kinds THE next branch of Discipline which offers it self are Countermarches which we read in the Tacticks of Aelian Tacticks of Aelian cap. 28. were of use amongst the Grecians and Persians only these three kinds to wit 1. The Chorean maintaining ground 2. The Lacedemonian losing ground 3. The Macedonian gaining ground The distance for Countermarch is open Order in Rank and File Note When there is a Countermarch commanded without any other addition then it is always intended a Chorean Countermarch The Chorean C. Files to the right hand Countermarch Direction The word of Command being given all the File-Leaders step forwards with their right Legs and face about to the right every File-Leader with his File following him towards the Reer passing through the interval on his right hand observing to keep even in Rank with his right hand Man and not to turn until he come to the ground where at first his File-Leader began the Motion The Command is performed when the Bringers up have attained unto the place where before their File-Leaders stood R. Files to the left hand Countermarch C. Ranks to the right hand Countermarch Direction Face them to the right then the right hand File is to turn off to the right and to march even to the Ground of the left hand File R. Ranks to the left hand Countermarch Note That any entire Countermarch of Files and Ranks will be reduced by making another entire Countermarch to what hand soever but if you desire to have them not only reduced to the same Aspect but also precisely to the same place then if the Countermarch be to the right Countermarch again to the right so to the left
continued 'till they have all fired over and are returned into their places For the second Firing let them fire on the ground they stand both to Front and Reer every Division falling off in the Reer of themselves For the third Firing face the Muskettiers and Pikes to both Flanks then cause them to give fire unto both Flanks as they stand falling in the Reer of their own Divisions the Pikes at the same time charging which being ended face them to their Leader and proceed Command The two Divisions of Pikes in the Front wheel your left Flanks into the midst of the Battel face to your Leader The two Divisions of Pikes in the Reer wheel your right Flanks into the midst and face to your Reer then let the Front and Reer Division of Pikes move three paces then face to their Leader Middle Divisions of Pikes face outward and move three paces then face to Front and Reer then move forward until you range even a Breast with the midst of the Front and Reer Divisions of Pikes to your Leader Command Middle Division of Pikes next the Reer face to the right about Middle Divisions of Pikes move forward six paces to your Leader Divisions of Muskettiers face to the right and left and move three paces to your Leader For the first Firing command the Muskettiers to face to Front and Reer and so give fire and fall in between the Pikes the Pikes at the same time making room for the Muskettiers to fall in betwixt them the Pikes all the while charging 'till the Muskettiers have made ready again For the second Firing let them face to both the Flanks and give fire falling into their places in the Reer of their own Divisions after face to their Leader By these Firings already set down any ingenious Commander may alter and form many others which may be more pleasing and more advantagious than can be expressed in Writing by reason of several Accidents which may fall out at the time of forming any Figure of Battel so that I shall leave every one to his own best Experience and Practice and so proceed to reduce the former Figure into its proper Square Reducement Command the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers upon the Flanks to face to Front and Reer and move forward and place your selves in the midst of your own Divisions The outmost Divisions of Pikes face to the right and left inward and close your Divisions Muskettiers and Pikes advance forwards and even your Front of Pikes and close Ranks forward to order and Files into the midst to order and they will be reduced as at first And now it will be high time to lodge our Colours and repose our selves until by the Beat of the Drum we shall be commanded into the Field And so much for the fourth days Exercise CHAP. XXIX The fifth Days Exercise HAving the fifth time brought your Soldiers unto the place of Rendezvouz and all Officers at their respective Commands it will not be amiss to cause the Soldiers to be instructed in the first place in the Postures of the Pike and Musket which will cause the Soldiers by often practice of their Postures to grow so perfect that they will not only manage their Arms with ease and safety but with a great deal of celerity when on the contrary the unpractised Soldier will not only be a trouble to himself but a danger to his Fellows and an encouragement to his Enemies After the Postures the next thing that they are to be instructed in is the several Distances and these are truly the ground of all Motion for without Distance the Motions cannot be executed So that this as well as the former should truly be observed in all Exercises therefore we will proceed as followeth The Company standing in their Close Order both in Ranks and Files then first Command Ranks open backward to Order Files open to the right to your open Order Ranks open backward to open Order Files open to the left to open Order Ranks open backward to double Distance Files open outward to double Distance Ranks close forward to open Order Files close inward to open Order Ranks close forward to your Order Files close to the left to your Order These Commands being sufficient to declare each several Distance we will gradually proceed to the rest of the Command intended for this days Exercise Command Note The same Command may be given to the left Face to the Right Right Right Right Right about Left about As you were Command Face to the Front Reer Face to the Right left outward Face to the Right left inward As you were Ranks and Files being at open Order Command Ranks to the right double Files to the left double Ranks to the left double Files to the right double Half Files double your Front to the right Files double your Depth to the left Half Files double your Front to the left Files double your Depth to the right Bringers up double your Front to the left Files double your Depth to the right every Man placing himself behind his Bringer up Bringers up double your Front to the right Files double your Depth to the left every Man falling behind his Bringer up Double your Ranks to the right or left entire Right half Ranks double your left or right Flank Half Files double your Front to the left entire Left half Ranks double entire the depth of the right half Ranks Half Files double your Front to the right entire Right half Ranks double entire the depth of the left half Ranks Files to the right hand Countermarch and maintain ground Files to the left hand Countermarch and maintain ground The same may be done in Ranks and Files either maintaining gaining or losing Ground as hath been shewed Wheel your Battel to the Right Left Right about Left about Files file to the right Files file six to the left Files file to the left Files file six to the right Ranks file to the right and left Files rank as you were CHAP. XXX Several Figures of Battel with Firings upon the same For performance whereof Command FIles to the right and left double inward The three first Ranks wheel your Front into the midst The three last Ranks wheel your Reer into the midst The rest of the Body face to the right and left then march all face all to the right about and march and close your Divisions Note You may by doubling Files to the right in each Division make the Cross Battel For the first Firing let them give fire either to Front or Reer or to both Flanks falling in the Reer of their own Divisions For the second Firing let them fire to all four at once falling off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer of their own Division of Pikes the Pikes at the same time charging to the Horse For the third Firing they may fire by way of Introduction thus Every Rank of Muskettiers is to pass through their
THE COMPLEAT SOLDIER OR EXPERT Artillery-Man CONTAINING The several Postures and Exercises of the Pike and Musquet the various Beats of the Drum and what else is necessary for a young Soldier to understand ALSO Divers ways of Exercising a Company very useful for all Officers and others that delight in Military Affairs Quanta est armorum gloria LONDON Printed by A. G. and J. P. for Thomas Sawbridge at the Three Flowers-de-Lys in Little-Britain 1681. To the Honourable Sir Joseph Sheldon KNIGHT Alderman of the Honourable City of LONDON THE very Title of this BOOK is a kind of Dedication and you may justly challenge it by bearing so eminent an Office in the Artillery Letters and Arms are the two things that govern the whole World both seem to have been monopolized by your generous Family the former by a Learned Archbishop the latter by your self And though that great good Man has left this World a grave and learned Prelate still survives a collateral Ornament to the name of Sheldon The Book I here humbly lay down at your Feet was compiled by a Cheshire Gentleman in Commission for that County his Modesty will not permit him to put his name to it Modesty that inherent Virtue in all truly noble and generous Souls His Labour has been great for smaller Tracts require more judgment and industry than greater Volumes as translating is more difficult than writing He has made use of several Authors of the best note upon this Subject among the Ancients as Plutarch Vegetius Xenophon Homer Justin Tully Aelian's Tacticks c. the Moderns he has digested in so compendious a method that this small Book will be certainly most extreamly pleasing the bulk of other Books of this nature being so large that they require much Time to peruse and Money to purchase of which two things many persons desirous of Experience in Military Affairs can spare neither Useful I presume this small Tract will be especially in such dangerous Times wherein no Posture is more convenient than that of Defence Especially considering that many Trades and Occupations excepting those of Handicrafts are sedentary and in expectation those intervals of time may be herein spent by the Youth of this populous City by the help of this they may be their own Tutors and every private Shop seem an Academy for Arms. To you therefore Honourable Sir I Dedicate this Piece humbly desiring you to honour it with your Acceptance and that you may long live the Glory of this great City for your Loyalty Conduct and Experience both in Arms and Peace is the Hearty wish of Your most humble Servant E. RAWLINS THE CONTENTS Chap. 1. THE Introduction Pag. 1 Chap. 2. The Definition of Posture 6 Chap. 3. Of the Posture of the Pike 7 Chap. 4. The Postures of the Pike in a shorter manner fit for the Service of the Field 18 Chap. 5. The Postures of the Musquet the Caliver with the Match and Rest and without Pag. 15 Chap. 6. More Postures of the Musquet with or without the Match or Rest 20 Chap. 7. The Conformity of the Postures betwixt the Musquet and Pike 25 Chap. 8. The place of Dignity of a Soldier both in Rank and File 27 Chap. 9. Reasons for precedency of Dignity in Ranks and Files 33 Chap. 10. Several Beats and Points of War belonging to the Drum Pag. 37 Chap. 11. Of several Distances 43 Chap. 12. What is meant by Facing with the words of Command belonging thereunto as likewise several Postures and Figures 46 Chap. 13. Of marching a Company in Divisions the Order and Places of the Officers and Drums 58 Chap. 14. The first days Exercise of a Company 63 Chap. 15. Of Conversion and Inversion with some words of Command and Reducements Pag. 71 Chap. 16. Of Countermarches with their several kinds 81 Chap. 17. Of Wheelings and their several uses 89 Chap. 18. The second days Exercise 96 Chap. 19. Several Firings to be performed with any number of Men upon all occasions either to the Front Reer or both Flanks 97 Chap. 20. The third days Exercise 106 Chap. 21. A Doubling to make every Man a File-Leader by Dignity Pag. 107 Chap. 22. Eighteen several Doublings with their Reducements 110 Chap. 23. Twelve several Countermarches with their Reducements 112 Chap. 24. Twelve several Wheelings with their Reducements 114 Chap. 25. Several Firings with Figures of Battel for 72 Men. 117 Chap. 26. The fourth days Exercise shewing by a Doubling how every Man becomes a File-Leader by Succession Pag. 133 Chap. 27. Several Doublings by Countermarches with Reducements 135 Chap. 28. Several Figures of Battel with Firings upon the same for 72 Men. 141 Chap. 29. The fifth days Exercise shewing the several Distances c. 165 Chap. 30. Several Figures of Battel with Firings upon the same 170 Chap. 31. The sixth days Exercise 194 Chap. 32. Entire Doublings to the Right Flank 198 Chap. 33. Divisional Doublings to the Right Flank Pag. 204 Chap. 34. Entire Doublings to the Right Flank by Wheelings 206 Chap. 35. Divisional Doublings to the Right Flank by Wheelings 208 Chap. 36. Figures of Battel with Firings upon the same 210 Books printed for Thomas Sawbridge at the Three Flowers-de-Lys in Little-Britain THE Art of Dyalling performed Geometrically by Scale and Compasses Arithmetically by the Canons of Sines and Tangents Instrumentally by a Trigonal Instrument accommodated with Lines for that purpose c. by William Leybourn In 4o. Multum in Parvo or the Pen's Gallantry a Copy-Book containing 24 Sentences in Prose in Alphabetical order and as many in Verse each Distich comprehending the 24 Letters and as many Examples of Alphabets written in all the curious Hands now practised in England and our Neighbour Nations c. by Edward Cocker In 4o. Hodder's Arithmetick or the Necessary Art made most easie being explained in a way familiar to the Capacity of any that desire to learn in a little time By James Hodder In 8o. Campanalogia or the Art of Ringing improved with plain and easie Rules to guide the Practitioner in the Ringing all kinds of Changes c. In 8o. The Astrological Judgment and Practice of Physic deduced from the Position of the Heavens at the Decumbiture of the sick Person wherein the Fundamental Grounds thereof are most clearly displayed and laid open shewing by an Universal Method not only the Cause but the Cure and End of all manner of Diseases incident to Humane Bodies Also divers notable Experiments of great use to all the industrious Students in Physic and Astrology c. by Richard Saunders In 8o. The Carpenters Rule made easie or the Art of Measuring Superficies and Solids as Timber Stone Boards Glass and the like Also an Addition or second way being the Ground-work of measuring Timber Stone c. by John Darling In 12o. THE COMPLEAT SOLDIER OR EXPERT Artillery-Man CHAP. I. By way of Introduction THE first Rudiments of Education wherewithall a young Soldier ought to be conversant in is first
the left Flank or to Front and Reer as occasion shall be given Observe the Figure which is to both Flanks at once Note The two outmost Divisions are to fire first and to be relieved by the two outmost of the left then the two inmost Divisions are to fire and to be relieved by the two inmost Divisions of the left who are to do the like and so to return into their places Note also That in this Figure the half Files of the two outmost Files were doubled to the right and left inward before they faced and begun their Motion Reducement Pikes face to the right about inmost Files of Pikes wheel your Flanks into the midst and close forward to order The two outmost Files of Pikes face to your Leader Half Files of the two outmost Files of Pikes that doubled face to the Reer and march forth and take your places the two outmost Files advance and even the two inmost Files and close Files into the midst to order The four inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face to the right and left and close your Divisions The four outmost Divisions face in opposition and close your Divisions then face them to their Leader and close Files into the midst to order and Ranks close forward to order and they will be reduced as at first Command Front half Files advance forwards three paces The middle Rank of each Division face outward and move clear of the standing part face to your Leader The first Firing Let the four first Divisions in the Front fire and fall off to the right and left into the Reer the rest at the same time moving up firing and interchanging Ground with them in the Reer 'till they have all fired over and are in their places The second Firing Let them face to both the Flanks Divisions of Pikes in the midst open outward until you be clear of the standing part then Port. Muskettiers give fire on the same ground you stand on then let the Pikes Charge on until the Muskettiers have made ready again and then retreat into their places The Muskettiers may give fire as before is mentioned the Pikes still in like manner Charging on then retreating into their places face all to their Leader Command Reer Divisions of Pikes both in Front and Reer Divisions face to the right about and double your Depth to the right and left inward advancing three paces to your Leader Divisions of Pikes both in Front and Reer Divisions double your Front to the right and left inward advancing three paces Or thus as in the third Figure Command the inmost Divisions of Pikes to move to the left one pace and double to the right Fileways and face to the Front and Reer and march three paces middle Files of Front and Reer Divisions open from the midst to double Distance face to your Leader The first Firing Face to the Front and Reer and then give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The second Firing Inmost Division move forwards and rank outwards into Front and Reer and then give fire all together and file as you were the Pikes at the same time charging whilst they still make ready then whilst they fire they may fall into their places and so continue as often as the Commander pleases The third Firing Command the Muskettiers and the two outmost Divisions of Pikes to face to both Flanks The Front and Reer and two middle Divisions of the inmost Division of Pikes face to the right the four other Divisions face to the left march and even the two inmost Divisions of Shot to both Flanks then give fire falling off in the Reer of their own Divisions then let the Pikes face inward and take their places as they were and face to their Leader This is so plain it needs no Figure Command The outmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front Division face about The two outmost Divisions of Muskettiers both of Front and Reer Divisions move forward and close to Order to your Leader and close inward to open Order For the first Firing upon the two foregoing Figures let the Front Division of Muskettiers advance and even the Front of Pikes then give fire and fall off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer of the Reer Division of Muskettiers the rest of the Divisions at the same time moving up into their Leaders ground and firing falling off as before 'till they are all reduced into their places as at first A second Firing may be to both Flanks or to Front and Reer at the same time Command Front and Reer Divisions of Pikes move to the right one pace The second Division of Pikes from the Reer face to the right about The second Divisions of Pikes both in Front and Reer Divisions move forward and double both Front and Reer to the left to your Leader Middle Divisions of Muskettiers open outward to twice double Distance face all to the Center and march three paces to your Leader For the first Firing the four last Divisions face to the Reer The two outmost Divisions both of Muskets and Pikes face to both Flanks likewise the four Divisions in the Front face to both Flanks then give Fire falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Divisions For the second Firing command the Front and Reer Divisions of Pikes to wheel their Flanks into the Front and Reer The Reer Divisions both of Muskettiers and Pikes face to the right about then give fire to both Front and Reer the Front Division falling off in the Reer of the second Division the second at the same time moving up into their Leaders ground and so firing falling off as before the Reer at the same time doing the like after command the Pikes to wheel their Front and Reer into both Flanks and face all to their Leader For the third Firing let them give fire by Extraduction and fall in the Reer of the Pikes For the fourth Firing let the Pikes charge to the Horse and the Muskettiers give fire all together over their heads then move forth into their first places and face to their Leader Command Front and Reer Divisions of Muskettiers open outward to double Distance The outmost Divisions of Pikes close inward to open Order The second Division of Pikes from the Front face about The third Division of Pikes from the Front and the second Division of Pikes from the Reer move forwards to order face to your Leader Front and Reer Divisions stand the rest face outward and move two paces to your Leader For the Firings let the first be to the Front by commanding the two first Divisions in the Front to fire falling off to the right and left into the Reer of the Reer Divisions they at the same time moving up into their File-Leaders ground after the second Divisions have fired the two outmost are to fire and are to be relieved by the two outmost in the Reer This firing is to be
in the Reer of their own Divisions the rest moving up into their Leaders ground Reducement Face them all after their proper File-Leaders then cause the Pikes to face in opposition and close their Divisions Muskettiers of the Front Division face to the right about Muskettiers both of Front and Reer close your Divisions face all to your Leader Command The two outmost Files of Muskettiers march forth being led by four Officers two of which are to return into their places the Serjeants that led forth the outmost Files are to stand to see them do their Execution the two inmost Files face inwards Oblique cross the Front of Pikes the outmost Files face outwards in an Oblique manner then to your Leader Observe the Figure For to fire upon this Figure let the Muskettiers present all together as now they stand and give fire and then suddenly facing after their Bringers up march down into their places then next two Files of each Flank in the interim moving forwards into their Leaders ground and so fire and fall off as before which reduceth them Command Muskettiers march until your half Files range even with the Front of Pikes then stand Half Files of each Arms face outward and march until you are clear of the Angles of your Arms then stand face all to your Leader This Figure fit to fire to the Front and both Flanks if to the Front and that you would preserve your Figure then the Muskettiers must move forwards into their Leaders ground If you please you may move forwards your Reer Division of Muskettiers and make Wings of them when having fired once or twice over may retreat into their places the Pikes in the mean time are to Advance Move forwards Port Charge Stand or Retreat If you would give fire to both Flanks and to the Front at one and the same time then the Front Divisions both Muskettiers and Pikes are to stand and fire to the Front falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Divisions the rest moving up into their Leaders ground the Reer Divisions as well Muskets as Pikes face to the right and left and fire to both Flanks falling off as before the rest moving up into their Leaders ground Reducement Command the Reer half Files both of Muskets and Pikes to face inwards and close their Divisions Pikes march up and even your Front of Muskettiers face to your Leader and they will be reduced Command Files to the right double then wheel your Flanks into the Reer then face the Body to one of the Flanks and wheel your Battel into a Convex Half Moon For to fire upon this Figure as now they stand let the Pikes Charge over-hand and the Muskettiers give fire as they stand presenting all to the Front For a second Firing if the Enemy press upon either of the Flanks or Reer you may cause the whole Body to face outwards and then let the Muskettiers give fire falling off to the right and left through their intervals placing themselves in the Reer of their Pikes the Pikes at the same time charging over-hand Command Wheel your Flanks to the right and left into an even Front then face to your Leader which being performed they will stand three deep in File then Command Files to file to the right into a Ring being led away by some Officer until the File-Leader of the right Flank falling just in the Reer of the Bringer up of the left Flank then face them all to the Center and let them close forwards to order then face them to the right about as in the following Figure For to fire upon this Figure command the Pikes to charge round and the Muskettiers give fire all together then let the Commander go to the place where the File-Leader of the right Flank filed first away and command them to file as they were which being performed they will stand three deep the Pikes being all in Front and thereupon become the File-Leaders Next command the Reer to wheel into both Flanks and Ranks to double to the left and they will be reduced Command Wheel your Front into the midst By this Command the Pikes will be all in the Reer and the Muskettiers in Front and they will stand six deep Then command Files to file to the right into a Ring by causing the File-Leader of the right Flank to march away the rest filing after him 'till they make one entire File and close in a Ring Observe the Figure following Fire upon this Figure if you please as now they stand the Pikes at the same time porting This may be continued so long as you think fit round For a second Firing you may cause every Division of Muskettiers to give fire then fall down even with their Front of Pikes and so fire again the Pikes at the same time charging over-hand to the Horse or they may fall behind the Pikes and then give fire over their shoulders Reducement Command File-Leaders to lead up their Files as they were and then to wheel their Reer into the midst and face to their Leader and they will be reduced as at first Command Muskettiers of the left Flank and the whole stand off Pikes face to the right and left inwards and interchange ground which being done the Muskettiers will be all upon the right Flank then cause each Division both Pikes and Muskets to file to the right the Pikes within the Muskets at the same time making two Rings as in the following Figure For to fire upon this Figure command both Muskets and Pikes to face to the right about then let the Muskettiers all present as they stand the Pikes at the same time charging and give fire then let them make ready a second time and give fire falling off between the intervals of their Pikes placing themselves behind their Pikes the Pikes falling to their close Order by putting the But end of the Pike at the inside of the right Foot the Pike in the left hand drawing their Swords over their left Arms. Then the Muskettiers the Pikemen stooping may give fire over their heads as often as the Commander pleases after they may pass through again into their places After which the Ensign in sign of Triumph may Display his Colours in the midst of the Circle which being performed command the File-Leaders to lead up their Files as they were then let the Pikes and Muskets interchange ground and they will be reduced as at first And herewith we will conclude this days Exercise and leave our Soldiers to their Rests until the morrow's Sun and the thundering Drum shall call us into the Field again CHAP. XXXI The sixth Days Exercise HAving the sixth time brought your Soldiers into the Field according to the accustomed manner and being doubtless well experienced by their former Exercises in the well managing and handling of their Arms and likewise in all other Commands as Distances Facings Doublings Countermarches and Wheelings which will not only encourage
to march with his Pike shoulder'd A Lieutenant to march with a Partizan And an Ensign to march with his Pike comported which is the distinction between the Captain and other Officers The Serjeants have no place assign'd them in marching but are to be moving up and down to observe that the Ranks and Files be at their due Distance The Drums are to fall in behind the two first Ranks of each Division of Muskettiers and to Beat between the second and third Rank When drawn up into a Body they are to place themselves in the first Rank even with the Front between the interval of Muskets and Pikes The Ensign is to place himself six Foot before the Body of Pikes both upon a March and when drawn up into a Body So long as the Drum beats a March they are to be drawn up with their Arms shoulder'd the Colours flying but if the Drum beat a Troop the Pikes are to be advanced the Colours furled It is very necessary that every Soldier be acquainted throughout with all the parts of a Body of Men drawn up with their several Extents and Bounds and with the true understanding of the same Where first note although you have been shewed the description both of File and Rank with their Number Place and Dignity belonging to each yet there is more Parts belonging to a Body of Men drawn up than only Ranks and Files As first a Front a Reer a Right Flank and a Left Flank There is also Front Half-Files and Reer Half-Files Right Half-Ranks and Left Half-Ranks There is the length and depth of the Battel every one of which have their particular Extents and Bounds according to their number of Men. All which is plainly set forth in the following Figure Vide Cap. Of Facing The Front of which Figure is first of all to be taken notice of There are in all Exercises a Proper Front and an Accidental Front which is when all the Company faces to the left or the like FRONT REER The Right Flank The Left Flank A File Dignity in File Front half Files Reer half Files A Rank Dignity in Rank File-Leaders Bringers up Left half Ranks of Muskets Right half Ranks of Muskets CHAP. XIV The first Days Exercise HAving brought your Company into a place convenient where you intend to Exercise them you may cause the File-Leaders Corporals or Serjeants to instruct them in the Postures and true handling of their Arms which being performed upon the Summons of the Drum each File-Leader with his File is to march into his place The Captain or other Commander being at the Head of his Company Commands them to even their Ranks and streighten their Files and to stand to their Open Order both in Rank and File If your Ensign be not already in the Field Command a Serjeant with a Drum and either two or more Files of Pikes with two Files of Shot if necessary that the Colours be far off to guard the Ensign to the place of Rendezvouz This being performed and every Man in his place the Captain or other Commander after silence begins first to instruct the Soldiers in their several Distances betwixt Rank and File with the ways to open and close to them next in the Facings then in the Doublings which shall be these following The Ranks that double are to observe their Right-hand Man to move at the same time with him They begin their Motion with the Foot next the Hand named which Motion is to be performed at three Steps in doubling the even Ranks double the odd Files doubling is performed in the same manner and is the same thing with Reduction of doubled Ranks The Reduction of doubled Files is the same thing with doubling Ranks To double half Files upon a March let your Reer half Files move into the Front with a quicker Motion the Front half Files continuing theirs For Reduction let the Reer half Files stand without Facing 'till the Front half Files have passed them and then fall after their proper Leaders Note That the Letter C. stands for Command the Letter R. for Reducement Note That no Leader is tied to observe all these Doublings in his Exercise at once but to use as many of them as he shall think fit The words of Command for all entire Doublings to the Front C. Ranks to the Right double March R. Files to the Left double March C. Ranks to the Left double March R. Files to the Right double March C. Ranks to the right and left double outward R. Files to the right and left double inward C. Ranks to the right and left double inward R. Files to the right and left double outward C. Ranks as you were C. Half-Files double your Front to the right R. Files double your Depth to the left C. Half-Files double your Front to the left R. Files double your Depth to the right C. Half-Files double your Front to the right and left outward March R. Files double your Depth to the right and left inward March C. Half-Files double your Front to the right and left inward March R. Files double your Depth to the right and left outward March C. Bringers up double your Front to the right March R. Files double your Depth to the left every Man falling behind his Bringer up C. Bringers up double your Front to the left R. Files double your Depth to the right every Man falling behind his Bringer up March C. Bringers up double your Front to the right and left outward March R. Files double your Depth to the right and left inward every Man falling behind his Bringer up March C. Bringers up double your Front to the right and left inward March R. Files double your Depth to the right and left outward every Man falling behind his Bringer up March C. Double your Ranks to the right entire R. Right half Ranks double your left Flank C. Double your Ranks to the left entire March R. Left half Ranks double your right Flank C. Double your Ranks inward entire R. The inmost Files double your Flanks to the right and left outward and after close C. Double your Ranks to the right entire every Man placing himself on the outside of his right hand Man March R. Right half Ranks double your left Flank every Man placing himself on the inside of his left hand Man March C. Double your Ranks to the left entire every Man placing himself on the outside of his left hand Man March R. Left half Ranks double your right Flank every Man placing himself on the inside of his right hand Man March C. Half Files double your Front to the right entire March R. Right half Ranks double entire the depth of your left Flank March C. Half Files double your Front to the left entire March R. Left half Ranks double entire the depth of your right Flank March C. Half Files double your Front inward entire March R. The inmost Files double entire the depth of the outmost Files