make_v not_o their_o captain_n do_v their_o duty_n in_o so_o necessary_a a_o point_n of_o war._n i_o have_v see_v in_o germany_n and_o denmark_n regiment_n new_o raise_v and_o some_o also_o send_v out_o of_o sweden_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o long_a war_n before_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n only_o exercise_v and_o drill_v three_o or_o four_o time_n and_o that_o be_v enough_o for_o they_o colonel_n supine_n carelessness_n of_o colonel_n for_o the_o whole_a time_n they_o be_v to_o serve_v for_o a_o man_n will_v have_v make_v himself_o ridiculous_a if_o he_o have_v speak_v of_o drill_v old_a soldier_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o posture_n and_o motion_n this_o will_v have_v be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o disparagement_n to_o they_o for_o it_o will_v have_v be_v presuppose_v that_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o exercise_v as_o in_o truth_n most_o of_o they_o do_v it_o be_v a_o pity_n and_o sometime_o matter_n of_o sport_n to_o hear_v man_n glory_n that_o they_o be_v old_a soldier_n who_o either_o never_o have_v learned_a soldier_n old_a soldier_n or_o have_v forget_v what_o belong_v to_o their_o profession_n and_o so_o upon_o the_o matter_n prove_v themselves_o to_o be_v old_a fool_n nay_o i_o have_v see_v in_o these_o same_o war_n many_o new_a levy_a company_n troop_n and_o regiment_n never_o train_v or_o exercise_v at_o all_o nay_o not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o lesson_n give_v to_o a_o soldier_n for_o the_o handle_n his_o arms._n it_o be_v true_a most_o of_o those_o who_o be_v levy_v in_o my_o time_n have_v serve_v in_o those_o war_n which_o be_v before_o my_o time_n but_o all_o have_v not_o and_o therefore_o some_o be_v raw_a and_o unexperienced_a and_o the_o old_a soldier_n of_o they_o need_v exceed_o to_o have_v have_v their_o memory_n refresh_v this_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o five_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o troop_n of_o horse_n which_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n levy_v and_o entertain_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a swedish_n war_n against_o poland_n from_o the_o year_n 1656_o till_o the_o year_n 1660._o i_o have_v not_o see_v brave_a man_n nor_o better_o equip_v in_o any_o militia_n than_o these_o be_v but_o in_o one_o whole_a summer_n that_o i_o be_v there_o i_o never_o see_v one_o company_n or_o one_o man_n of_o a_o company_n drill_v or_o exercise_v since_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n make_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n their_o officer_n have_v be_v negligent_a enough_o of_o this_o duty_n which_o may_v have_v be_v easy_o observe_v in_o most_o of_o their_o garrison_n wherein_o i_o have_v be_v but_o i_o suppose_v their_o late_a alarm_n have_v make_v they_o resume_v their_o ancient_a care_n and_o diligence_n these_o military_a exercise_n be_v so_o far_o wear_v out_o of_o use_n that_o i_o know_v count_n koningsmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o when_o he_o raise_v some_o new_a regiment_n for_o his_o master_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n take_v some_o old_a officer_n to_o be_v drill-master_n to_o the_o drill-master_n drill-master_n new_a levy_a company_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v provide_v with_o all_o the_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o these_o drill-master_n he_o entertain_v with_o monthly_a wage_n which_o i_o think_v be_v not_o do_v without_o some_o blemish_n to_o the_o reputation_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n especial_o of_o the_o colonel_n and_o captain_n that_o part_n of_o training_n which_o teach_v the_o handle_n arm_n be_v different_a to_o wit_n that_o which_o teach_v a_o horseman_n to_o manage_v handsome_o and_o readly_a his_o pistol_n carbine_n and_o sword_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o curiassier_n or_o harquebusier_n and_o that_o which_o teach_v a_o foot_n soldier_n to_o handle_v his_o musket_n and_o pike_n and_o his_o swede_n feather_n if_o he_o have_v one_o and_o as_o a_o horseman_n be_v oblige_v to_o learn_v to_o saddle_n and_o horseman_n drilling_n of_o horseman_n bridle_v his_o horse_n quick_o and_o well_o to_o mount_v and_o dismount_v handsome_o to_o ride_v decent_o and_o carry_v his_o body_n well_o or_o as_o it_o be_v call_v to_o have_v a_o good_a seat_n in_o his_o saddle_n and_o how_o to_o use_v his_o voice_n his_o hand_n his_o leg_n and_o his_o spur_n so_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o teach_v his_o horse_n to_o obey_v he_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o trot_v gallop_a run_a standing_z stop_v turn_v or_o wheel_v the_o horseman_n ought_v to_o be_v teach_v how_o to_o keep_v his_o pistol_n and_o carbine_n fix_v and_o bright_a without_o rust_n how_o to_o charge_v they_o quick_o and_o prime_a they_o how_o to_o fire_v they_o and_o ready_o charge_v again_o and_o he_o must_v be_v especial_o careful_a not_o to_o ride_v a_o shie-horse_n for_o such_o a_o one_o may_v not_o only_o bring_v his_o rider_n in_o danger_n and_o disgrace_n but_o disorder_n the_o whole_a troop_n exercise_n and_o accustom_v his_o horse_n to_o all_o feat_n of_o horsemanship_n especial_o to_o see_v fire_n to_o stand_v when_o a_o pistol_n or_o carbine_n be_v discharge_v close_o by_o he_o and_o to_o hear_v the_o trumpet_n will_v by_o degree_n banish_v shieness_n from_o he_o and_o therefore_o frequent_a drilling-troop_n of_o horse_n teach_v both_o man_n and_o horse_n their_o duty_n troop_n shall_v in_o some_o point_n be_v exercise_v by_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n that_o horseman_n may_v know_v the_o several_a point_n of_o war_n by_o their_o several_a name_n as_o to_o the_o watch_n to_o saddle_n to_o horse_n to_o march_v to_o charge_n to_o retire_v the_o particular_a word_n of_o command_n for_o drilling_n a_o single_a horsemâ—â—_n that_o be_v to_o teach_v he_o the_o right_a and_o true_a use_n of_o his_o arm_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o curiaâ—â—â—â—r_n harquebusier_n or_o carbiner_n be_v too_o tedious_a to_o be_v set_v down_o here_o and_o indeed_o needless_a for_o they_o be_v vulgar_o know_v and_o so_o be_v those_o for_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o infantry_n whether_o for_o the_o pike_n or_o the_o musket_n to_o teach_v either_o horseman_n or_o foot-soldier_n their_o motion_n and_o evolution_n foot_n motion_n or_o evolution_n of_o body_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n when_o they_o be_v in_o body_n great_a or_o small_a be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o training_n or_o drilling_n the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n in_o these_o motion_n be_v the_o very_a same_o only_o the_o distance_n be_v different_a three_o foot_n be_v allow_v between_o file_n of_o foot_n and_o that_o be_v order_n six_o be_v open_a order_n and_o twelve_o be_v open_a open_a order_n or_o double_a double_a distance_n and_o these_o you_o may_v make_v use_n of_o in_o exercise_v march_v or_o fight_v as_o you_o think_v convenient_a in_o march_n the_o length_n of_o the_o pike_n require_v six_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o rank_n some_o allow_v in_o distance_n distance_n exercise_v body_n of_o horse_n six_o foot_n for_o single_a distance_n between_o rank_n and_o file_n and_o twelve_o for_o double_a distance_n the_o german_n ordinary_o allow_v ten_o for_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o for_o the_o other_o all_o these_o motion_n and_o evolution_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o four_o kind_n these_o be_v face_n doubling_n countermarching_n and_o wheeling_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o trouble_v either_o my_o reader_n or_o myself_o with_o the_o several_a word_n of_o command_n ordinary_a drill-master_n have_v most_o of_o they_o though_o not_o all_o but_o he_o who_o will_v have_v those_o for_o horse_n exact_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o supplement_n to_o the_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o art_n military_a and_o both_o for_o foot_n and_o horse_n in_o the_o famous_a earl_n of_o strafford_n instruction_n for_o the_o discipline_n of_o his_o army_n and_o those_o for_o the_o foot_n alone_o very_o well_o do_v by_o sir_n thâ—mas_n kâ—lliâ—_n and_o complete_o indeed_o by_o lieutenant_n colonel_n elâ—on_n in_o his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o art_n training_n observation_n concern_v training_n of_o war._n yet_o i_o shall_v desire_v my_o reader_n with_o i_o to_o observe_v in_o exercise_n of_o foot_n and_o horse_n these_o few_o particular_n first_o that_o none_o of_o the_o three_o ordinary_a way_n use_v for_o double_v of_o rank_n in_o observation_n first_o observation_n body_n of_o foot_n can_v be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o exercise_v body_n of_o horse_n as_o now_o they_o be_v marshal_v in_o most_o place_n of_o europe_n that_o be_v three_o deep_a or_o three_o in_o file_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v where_o they_o be_v five_o in_o file_n as_o in_o some_o place_n they_o be_v all_o odd_a number_n be_v improper_a for_o doubling_n either_o of_o rank_n or_o file_n second_o that_o the_o face_n of_o a_o great_a body_n of_o horse_n to_o either_o right_a or_o left_a second_o second_o hand_n or_o about_o by_o either_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n be_v a_o difficult_a work_n though_o with_o
have_v discharge_v their_o shot_n even_o in_o the_o hot_a piece_n of_o service_n and_o without_o the_o help_n of_o musquet-rests_a and_o i_o suppose_v it_o needs_o be_v think_v no_o paradox_n in_o i_o to_o say_v that_o five_o rank_n of_o musqueteer_n can_v fire_v one_o after_o another_o without_o intermission_n and_o deep_a five_o deep_a the_o first_o of_o the_o five_o be_v ready_a to_o fire_n again_o before_o the_o last_o have_v discharge_v let_v any_o commander_n try_v it_o with_o expert_a firemen_n he_o will_v find_v it_o will_v be_v do_v easy_o enough_o and_o that_o you_o may_v see_v that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a conceit_n of_o i_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o giovio_n inform_v we_o that_o at_o vienna_n the_o twenty_o thousand_o harquebusier_n that_o be_v in_o the_o christian_a army_n be_v all_o marshal_v five_o deep_a and_o so_o make_v four_o thousand_o file_n it_o be_v without_o all_o peradventure_o that_o the_o best_a commander_n then_o in_o europe_n be_v there_o who_o will_v not_o have_v permit_v this_o if_o they_o have_v not_o know_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n can_v have_v fire_v and_o make_v ready_a again_o before_o all_o the_o other_o four_o have_v discharge_v neither_o must_v you_o impute_v this_o to_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o be_v a_o churchman_n for_o he_o be_v so_o punctual_a as_o to_o write_v nothing_o of_o any_o military_a action_n but_o what_o he_o have_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o great_a captain_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o true_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v all_o i_o have_v say_v or_o all_o that_o may_v be_v say_v on_o this_o subject_n it_o reason_n for_o it_o you_o may_v perhaps_o think_v with_o i_o that_o both_o musqueteer_n and_o pikeman_n may_v be_v marshal_v five_o deep_a with_o no_o inconvenience_n at_o all_o to_o the_o service_n i_o think_v i_o hear_v some_o speculative_a person_n cry_v out_o that_o this_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o all_o tactic_n who_o reject_v odd_a number_n as_o unfit_a for_o double_v but_o stay_v do_v you_o exercise_v for_o show_v only_o or_o for_o use_v if_o only_o for_o show_v i_o grant_v you_o shall_v neither_o have_v odd_a rank_n it_o objection_n against_o it_o nor_o file_n but_o if_o for_o use_n i_o say_v that_o five_o deep_a be_v better_a than_o six_o deep_a for_o those_o very_a reason_n that_o make_v six_o deep_o better_a than_o eight_o deep_a and_o eight_o better_a than_o ten_o you_o say_v you_o can_v double_v your_o rank_n at_o five_o deep_a what_o then_o i_o say_v you_o need_v not_o for_o i_o will_v have_v your_o rank_n no_o few_o than_o five_o when_o you_o be_v ten_o answer_v answer_v deep_a why_o double_v you_o your_o rank_n be_v it_o not_o to_o make_v they_o five_o and_o thereby_o to_o enlarge_v your_o front_n and_o why_o then_o may_v you_o not_o be_v five_o rank_n at_o first_o and_o thereby_o save_v yourself_o the_o labour_n of_o double_v and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o double_v your_o rank_n when_o your_o batallion_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o but_o five_o rank_n so_o i_o conceive_v the_o double_n of_o rank_n not_o necessary_a when_o your_o battle_n be_v but_o six_o deep_a for_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n nor_o be_v they_o numerous_a enough_o for_o musqueteer_n to_o fire_n one_o rank_n after_o another_o without_o interruption_n it_o not_o be_v feasible_a for_o the_o first_o rank_n to_o fire_n and_o be_v ready_a before_o the_o three_o rank_n have_v discharge_v so_o that_o when_o six_o rank_n be_v make_v three_o it_o be_v only_o for_o a_o part_a blow_n for_o the_o musqueteer_n to_o fire_n kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v now_o you_o may_v order_v the_o first_o three_o rank_n of_o five_o to_o fire_n in_o the_o same_o fashion_n kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v and_o you_o have_v by_o the_o bargain_n two_o rank_n in_o reserve_n till_o the_o first_o three_o recover_v and_o those_o two_o rank_n may_v afterward_o fire_n the_o first_o rank_n kneel_v and_o the_o second_o stand_v and_o then_o all_o the_o five_o rank_n have_v fire_v and_o be_v as_o ready_a either_o with_o butt_n of_o musket_n or_o sword_n to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n if_o he_o advance_v as_o the_o six_o rank_n double_v in_o three_o and_o in_o far_o better_a order_n either_o then_o your_o double_n of_o rank_n be_v unnecessary_a in_o service_n or_o five_o deep_a at_o first_o be_v as_o good_a if_o not_o better_a as_o ten_o rank_n to_o be_v double_v in_o five_o or_o six_o rank_n double_v in_o three_o and_o though_o five_o rank_n can_v be_v double_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o that_o be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o the_o advantage_n it_o have_v of_o a_o large_a front_n and_o bring_v many_o hand_n to_o fight_v and_o if_o upon_o any_o emergency_n which_o will_v fall_v out_o very_o seldom_o you_o conceive_v your_o front_n too_o large_a you_o may_v quick_o help_v it_o opinion_n the_o author_n private_a opinion_n by_o cause_v your_o file_n to_o double_a and_o then_o you_o be_v ten_o deep_a but_o i_o shall_v quick_o part_v with_o this_o opinion_n when_o i_o hear_v a_o strong_a argument_n against_o it_o than_o that_o which_o say_v that_o thereby_o rank_n can_v be_v double_v for_o the_o truth_n be_v it_o be_v my_o private_a opinion_n that_o there_o be_v many_o superfluous_a word_n in_o exercise_n and_o though_o i_o think_v double_v of_o rank_n and_o file_n too_o sometime_o convenient_a before_o the_o near_a approach_n of_o a_o enemy_n yet_o i_o hope_v none_o will_v deny_v that_o both_o of_o they_o be_v very_o improper_a in_o the_o time_n of_o service_n but_o loquendum_fw-la cum_fw-la vulgo_fw-la be_v a_o golden_a sentence_n well_o we_o have_v our_o foot-company_n no_o strong_a than_o one_o hundred_o man_n and_o man_n seventeen_o file_n in_o a_o company_n of_o one_o hundred_o man_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o two_o be_v musqueteer_n and_o pikeman_n be_v glad_a to_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v the_o three_o these_o must_v be_v marshal_v six_o in_o one_o file_n now_o seventeen_o time_n six_o be_v more_o than_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o time_n six_o be_v less_o than_o one_o hundred_o add_v therefore_o three_o corporal_n to_o the_o hundred_o soldier_n you_o shall_v have_v seventeen_o complete_a file_n and_o one_o man_n over_o who_o you_o may_v appoint_v to_o help_v the_o ensign_n to_o carry_v his_o colour_n for_o a_o furer_n be_v not_o allow_v he_o in_o all_o establishment_n a_o company_n be_v thus_o marshal_v in_o seventeen_o file_n eleven_o must_v be_v musqueteer_n and_o six_o pikeman_n to_o wit_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o pikeman_n six_o file_n of_o musqueteer_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n five_o file_n the_o captain_n be_v to_o teach_v his_o soldier_n to_o keep_v their_o just_a distance_n between_o file_n distance_n the_o several_a kind_n of_o distance_n and_o file_n end_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a distance_n be_v ordinary_o threefold_a order_n open_a order_n and_o close_a order_n the_o first_o of_o three_o foot_n the_o second_o of_o six_o the_o three_o of_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a to_o which_o in_o some_o case_n be_v add_v open_a open_a order_n which_o be_v of_o twelve_o foot_n at_o exercising_n both_o rank_n and_o file_n shall_v stand_v at_o open_a order_n in_o march_n the_o file_n at_o order_n but_o the_o rank_n at_o open_a order_n because_o of_o the_o pike_n which_o must_v have_v more_o ground_n than_o musqueteer_n require_v and_o in_o service_n both_o the_o file_n and_o rank_n of_o musqueteer_n must_v be_v at_o order_n that_o be_v three_o foot_n distance_n but_o the_o pikeman_n both_o in_o file_n and_o rank_n at_o close_a order_n that_o be_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a i_o must_v tell_v you_o in_o this_o place_n of_o a_o general_a mistake_n distance_n mistake_v in_o reckon_a distance_n and_o be_v the_o very_a same_o i_o accuse_v vegetius_n of_o in_o the_o roman_a militia_n and_o it_o be_v this_o all_o say_v that_o the_o file_n when_o they_o stand_v in_o battle_n shall_v be_v at_o order_n that_o be_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o three_o foot_n as_o indeed_o they_o shall_v but_o if_o you_o ask_v how_o many_o foot_n of_o ground_n seventeen_o file_n whereof_o our_o company_n consist_v possess_v in_o front_n they_o will_v immediate_o answer_v you_o fifty_o and_o one_o and_o here_o there_o be_v a_o double_a file_n distance_n of_o file_n error_n first_o no_o ground_n be_v allow_v for_o the_o combatant_n to_o stand_v on_o for_o the_o distance_n of_o three_o foot_n between_o file_n take_v up_o that_o one_o and_o fifty_o foot_n or_o very_o near_o it_o second_o they_o make_v seventeen_o file_n to_o have_v seventeen_o distance_n whereas_o they_o have_v but_o sixteen_o this_o oversight_n i_o
he_o make_v alt_z they_o all_o take_v up_o their_o several_a distance_n behind_o he_o till_o he_o who_o be_v file-leader_n turn_v himself_o about_o on_o that_o same_o ground_n he_o stand_v on_o and_o then_o all_o turn_n likewise_o so_o that_o all_o the_o file_n face_v to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o before_o the_o countermarch_v it_o face_v to_o the_o van_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o body_n lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o therefore_o our_o modern_a driller_n when_o they_o command_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_a they_o say_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n countermarch_v and_o lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n or_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o van_n which_o be_v all_o one_o thing_n the_o laconian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n be_v command_v to_o take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o the_o rear_n as_o it_o possess_v before_o and_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o file-leader_n lacedaemonian_a lacedaemonian_a turn_v just_a where_o he_o stand_v and_o march_v as_o many_o foot_n behind_o the_o rear-man_n as_o the_o body_n at_o its_o due_a distance_n shall_v possess_v all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o about_o till_o their_o leader_n go_v by_o they_o and_o so_o the_o bringer_n up_o do_v only_o turn_v himself_o without_o any_o further_a motion_n the_o modern_a word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n and_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o persian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n it_o have_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o leader_n stand_v where_o the_o bringer_n up_o be_v and_o the_o persian_n persian_n rear-man_n where_o the_o leader_n stand_v it_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o leader_n advance_v three_o step_n and_o then_o turn_v and_o march_v to_o the_o rear_n and_o all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o till_o they_o come_v to_o that_o place_n to_o which_o he_o advance_v and_o then_o they_o face_n about_o and_o take_v up_o the_o same_o ground_n they_o former_o possess_v the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o keep_v your_o ground_n it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o chorâ—an_n countermarch_v because_o choraean_a oâ—_n choraean_a as_o the_o chorus_n use_v to_o sing_v and_o dance_v all_o together_o so_o here_o all_o the_o rank_n move_v at_o once_o and_o keep_v that_o same_o measure_n and_o distance_n in_o turn_v resemble_v a_o dance_n but_o indeed_o all_o these_o counter-marche_n as_o most_o of_o all_o evolution_n be_v better_o and_o soon_o illustrate_v nay_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o body_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n than_o they_o can_v be_v either_o by_o word_n or_o figure_n on_o paper_n philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n father_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n put_v down_o the_o first_o of_o these_o counter-marche_n which_o be_v his_o own_o country_n one_o and_o with_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o have_v a_o show_n of_o fly_v at_o least_o of_o retire_v be_v a_o body_n of_o sixteen_o depth_n as_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v by_o that_o countermarch_v lose_v in_o the_o rear_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o foot_n of_o ground_n one_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o rank_a to_o stand_v on_o and_o six_o use_n all_o three_o of_o small_a use_n foot_n of_o distance_n between_o the_o rank_n at_o least_o it_o lose_v one_o hundred_o and_o six_o foot_n and_o true_o i_o think_v the_o hazard_n be_v small_a if_o all_o the_o three_o several_a counter-marche_n be_v for_o ever_o banish_v out_o of_o all_o army_n except_o those_o of_o our_o enemy_n it_o be_v true_a i_o never_o see_v any_o of_o they_o use_v in_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n for_o if_o they_o be_v practise_v then_o i_o be_o confident_a confusion_n will_v follow_v they_o which_o be_v but_o too_o ready_a to_o appear_v in_o any_o army_n though_o never_o so_o well_o order_v when_o it_o be_v unexpected_o attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o rear_n if_o the_o grecian_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o our_o great_a gun_n nay_o even_o with_o our_o musket_n which_o kill_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n by_o far_o than_o dart_n or_o arrow_n and_o against_o which_o their_o defensive_a arm_n will_v not_o have_v be_v proof_n they_o will_v have_v find_v that_o a_o enemy_n a_o good_a way_n from_o their_o rear_n will_v have_v render_v their_o best_a counter-marche_n both_o unfeasible_a and_o dangerous_a all_o the_o good_a i_o suppose_v that_o be_v intend_v by_o a_o countermarch_v be_v to_o place_v the_o very_a same_o man_n and_o rank_n with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o very_a same_o order_n they_o be_v with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o true_o if_o captain_n be_v careful_a to_o place_v their_o best_a man_n in_o the_o front_n their_o next_o best_a in_o the_o rear_n and_o make_v middle_a man_n of_o the_o three_o and_o rank_v every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o dignity_n as_o they_o shall_v do_v but_o too_o many_o of_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o this_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o hazard_v a_o countermarch_v but_o with_o much_o ease_n and_o with_o one_o word_n of_o command_n and_o that_o be_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n about_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v face_v in_o the_o rear_n without_o danger_n of_o any_o confusion_n or_o disorder_n i_o have_v see_v some_o very_a punctual_a officer_n and_o drill-master_n who_o have_v take_v much_o pain_n to_o teach_v new_a beginner_n all_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o counter-marche_n and_o have_v make_v they_o practice_v their_o lesson_n very_o exact_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o can_v never_o in_o my_o own_o judgement_n have_v a_o better_a opinion_n of_o counter-marche_n than_o they_o say_v some_o physician_n have_v of_o cucumber_n which_o they_o first_o order_n to_o be_v well_o correct_v and_o prepare_v with_o vinegar_n oil_n pepper_n and_o i_o know_v not_o what_o else_o and_o then_o advise_v to_o throw_v they_o out_o of_o door_n or_o over_o the_o window_n in_o exercise_v body_n the_o first_o care_n be_v to_o make_v rank_n and_o file_n keep_v that_o distance_n that_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o general_n who_o command_v the_o army_n for_o he_o may_v do_v in_o that_o according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n the_o grecian_a foot_n have_v a_o threefold_a distance_n the_o first_o be_v of_o six_o foot_n and_o this_o aelian_a will_n have_v to_o be_v in_o exercising_n and_o march_n between_o file_n and_o file_n as_o well_o as_o rank_n and_o rank_a but_o assure_o there_o be_v not_o so_o good_a reason_n for_o the_o one_o as_o there_o be_v for_o the_o other_o in_o regard_n all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n carty_v long_a pike_n require_v six_o foot_n in_o their_o march_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o pike_n but_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o so_o much_o between_o file_n and_o file_n as_o foot_n distance_n of_o the_o foot_n any_o man_n at_o first_o view_n may_v easy_o comprehend_v the_o second_o distance_n be_v of_o three_o foot_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a as_o also_o between_o file_n and_o file_n and_o this_o be_v when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o stand_v in_o battle_n with_o their_o pike_n order_v and_o their_o posture_n at_o this_o distance_n be_v call_v densatio_n the_o three_o be_v of_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a between_o both_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o that_o be_v when_o they_o be_v either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v call_v constipatiâ—_n in_o that_o posture_n have_v present_v their_o pike_n with_o their_o left_a foot_n foremost_a their_o target_n touch_v one_o another_o and_o so_o their_o phalange_n look_v like_o a_o brazen_a wall_n as_o lucius_z aemilius_z the_o roman_a consul_n speak_v of_o that_o wherewith_o king_n persâ—â—s_v face_v he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o pidna_n where_o they_o fight_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o macedon_n the_o grecian_a horse_n be_v marshal_v in_o several_a figure_n and_o of_o their_o distance_n i_o can_v say_v nothing_o nor_o do_v aelian_a help_n i_o in_o it_o at_o all_o of_o these_o several_a figure_n of_o horse_n troop_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n but_o one_o and_o horse_n of_o the_o horse_n then_o my_o reader_n will_v perhaps_o believe_v with_o i_o that_o the_o square_a battle_n probable_o keep_v that_o distance_n that_o troop_n have_v do_v since_o and_o that_o both_o the_o rhombus_fw-la and_o the_o wedge_n require_v a_o great_a distance_n when_o they_o be_v command_v by_o a_o motion_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n to_o change_v the_o posture_n or_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o stand_v and_o i_o conceive_v when_o either_o of_o they_o be_v to_o charge_n the_o horse_n man_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—err_v
a_o grecian_a troop_n of_o horse_n consist_v of_o sixty_o four_o to_o be_v marshal_v three_o deep_a as_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a troop_n now_o be_v and_o so_o there_o shall_v have_v be_v in_o it_o twenty_o one_o file_n for_o 21_o multiply_v by_o three_o produce_v sixty_o three_o and_o he_o who_o shall_v make_v the_o sixty_o four_o shall_v be_v the_o trumpeter_n with_o who_o we_o can_v not_o meet_v before_o in_o aelian_n enumeration_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o a_o troop_n what_o distance_n be_v keep_v between_o rank_n or_o file_n between_o several_a troop_n or_o yet_o between_o great_a body_n of_o the_o horse_n aelian_a tell_v we_o not_o yet_o write_v of_o the_o right_a order_n of_o batallion_n i_o think_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o speak_v of_o distance_n for_o who_o can_v marshal_v a_o army_n unless_o those_o be_v condescend_v distance_n nor_o of_o distance_n on_o i_o conceive_v that_o assure_o the_o rhombus_fw-la be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o great_a distance_n both_o between_o its_o rank_n and_o its_o file_n otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o turn_v to_o either_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n or_o to_o the_o rear_n without_o wheel_v and_o this_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o be_v one_o of_o the_o advantage_n the_o thessalian_n propose_v to_o themselves_o by_o that_o form_n of_o horse_n battel_n but_o when_o either_o it_o or_o the_o wedge_n be_v to_o charge_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o serr_v together_o as_o close_o as_o they_o can_v otherwise_o they_o can_v not_o pierce_v so_o home_o as_o be_v expect_v by_o those_o who_o cast_v they_o in_o those_o mould_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o square_a body_n of_o the_o grecian_a horse_n be_v exercise_v do_v march_v and_o fight_v at_o those_o distance_n use_v now_o in_o our_o modern_a militia_n our_o author_n make_v the_o number_n of_o the_o cavalry_n in_o a_o macedonian_a army_n to_o be_v half_o the_o number_n of_o their_o velite_n or_o light_v arm_v foot_n i_o tell_v you_o those_o be_v eight_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o therefore_o the_o horse_n must_v be_v four_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o the_o small_a body_n of_o which_o he_o compose_v this_o cavalry_n be_v short_o these_o sixty_o four_o horseman_n make_v a_o horâ—e_n denomination_n of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o horâ—e_n troop_n and_o be_v call_v a_o elarchy_n its_o commander_n elarchas_n our_o ritmaster_n two_o troop_n make_v a_o epilarchy_n of_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o eight_o horseman_n its_o commander_n epilarchas_n for_o who_o we_o have_v no_o officer_n unless_o a_o major_n and_o i_o find_v no_o such_o man_n among_o the_o macedonian_n four_o troop_n make_v a_o talentinarchy_n of_o two_o hundred_o fifty_o six_o horse_n its_o commander_n talentinarchâ—_n be_v represent_v by_o our_o lieutenant_n colonel_n two_o talentinarchy_n make_v one_o hipparchy_n of_o five_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o horse_n he_o be_v call_v hipparcha_n our_o colonel_n two_o hipparchy_n make_v a_o ephipparchy_n its_o commander_n ephipparchâ—_n have_v under_o he_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o rider_n our_o brigadieer_n may_v resemble_v he_o two_o ephipparchy_n make_v a_o telos_n which_o consist_v of_o two_o thousand_o forty_o eight_o horse_n its_o commander_n be_v call_v telarcha_n who_o if_o you_o please_v our_o major_a general_n of_o horse_n shall_v represent_v two_o telarchy_n make_v up_o a_o epitagma_n and_o this_o consist_v of_o four_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o six_o horseman_n which_o compose_v the_o whole_a phalange_n of_o the_o macedonian_a cavalry_n its_o commander_n be_v call_v epitagmarcha_n for_o he_o our_o modern_a militia_n furnish_v we_o with_o a_o lieutenant_n general_n or_o if_o you_o will_v a_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n now_o though_o our_o author_n have_v give_v we_o the_o exact_a number_n of_o both_o the_o small_a and_o great_a body_n of_o the_o macedonian_a cavalry_n omission_n inexcusable_a omission_n yet_o he_o have_v not_o at_o all_o tell_v we_o how_o many_o of_o they_o be_v heavy_a arm_v and_o how_o many_o light_n arm_v for_o which_o he_o be_v inexcusable_o to_o blame_v chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n of_o its_o number_n and_o how_o marshal_v with_o some_o observation_n on_o both_o aphalanx_n signify_v a_o number_n of_o man_n great_a or_o small_a train_v and_o instruct_v phalanx_n the_o signification_n of_o phalanx_n in_o military_a duty_n and_o order_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n by_o this_o definition_n any_o foot_n company_n or_o horse_n troop_n be_v a_o phalanx_n as_o well_o as_o a_o army_n and_o a_o whole_a army_n be_v a_o phalanx_n as_o well_o as_o a_o particular_a company_n or_o troop_n it_o be_v true_a in_o author_n the_o word_n phalanx_n be_v ordinary_o take_v for_o the_o great_a body_n of_o sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n which_o former_o i_o have_v out_o of_o aelian_a describe_v to_o you_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o thus_o much_o more_o that_o he_o say_v it_o have_v two_o horn_n for_o so_o the_o translator_n render_v the_o word_n kâ—ras_fw-mi and_o those_o be_v the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n horn_n which_o we_o either_o simple_o call_v the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o the_o right_n and_o left_a wing_n but_o indeed_o i_o wonder_v why_o aelian_a divide_v the_o whole_a phalange_n of_o foot_n into_o two_o horn_n right_o and_o left_a and_o why_o so_o many_o of_o our_o commander_n in_o the_o modern_a war_n imitate_v he_o in_o divide_v a_o whole_a body_n into_o the_o right_n or_o left_a wing_n never_o consider_v that_o natural_o and_o real_o there_o be_v a_o body_n between_o two_o wing_n and_o the_o same_o error_n be_v commit_v in_o divide_v a_o whole_a batallion_n of_o arm_a man_n into_o two_o flank_n very_o ordinary_o do_v by_o some_o drill-master_n and_o here_o no_o doubt_n aelian_a forget_v himself_o for_o the_o phalange_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n be_v divide_v as_o i_o â—old_a you_o before_o into_o four_o lesser_a phalanges_fw-la or_o phalangarchy_n two_o whereof_o make_v the_o two_o wing_n which_o he_o call_v horn_n and_o the_o other_o two_o compose_v the_o body_n these_o four_o phalangarchy_n make_v three_o interval_n how_o great_a we_o know_v not_o out_o of_o phalangarchy_n phalangarchy_n which_o before_o the_o fight_n issue_v the_o light_n arm_v and_o if_o they_o prevail_v they_o pursue_v their_o victory_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o phalange_n but_o if_o they_o be_v beat_v as_o for_o most_o part_n they_o be_v they_o retire_v to_o the_o rear_n the_o same_o way_n they_o come_v and_o then_o the_o four_o phalangarchy_n close_v together_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n according_a as_o they_o be_v order_v by_o their_o superior_n but_o now_o i_o be_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o whole_a macedonian_a army_n which_o be_v call_v foot_n the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o great_a phalanx_n consist_v of_o heavy_a and_o light_a arm_a foot_n and_o horse_n not_o reckon_v their_o chariot_n and_o elephant_n their_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n be_v sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o the_o velite_n be_v eight_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o the_o horse_n four_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o add_v all_o these_o together_o you_o will_v find_v the_o macedonian_a great_a phalanx_n to_o consist_v of_o twenty_o eight_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o combatant_n a_o story_n go_v that_o either_o the_o great_a alexander_n or_o julius_n câ—sar_n or_o both_o shall_v have_v say_v that_o they_o desire_v no_o more_o than_o thirty_o thousand_o man_n to_o conquer_v the_o whole_a world_n certain_o if_o either_o of_o they_o or_o both_o say_v so_o they_o mean_v that_o that_o number_n shall_v still_o be_v keep_v complete_a and_o full_a for_o though_o they_o shall_v have_v be_v constant_o victorious_a and_o never_o have_v lose_v one_o man_n in_o battle_n or_o skirmish_n yet_o sickness_n and_o toil_n will_v have_v make_v all_o that_o number_n to_o have_v mouldered_a away_o before_o they_o can_v have_v march_v over_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o then_o habitable_a world_n but_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o believe_v that_o either_o of_o they_o say_v so_o for_o true_a history_n if_o there_o be_v any_o truth_n in_o history_n assure_v we_o that_o both_o of_o they_o have_v army_n which_o far_o exceed_v that_o number_n at_o arbelâ—_n alexander_n have_v more_o than_o double_a the_o number_n of_o a_o macedonian_a army_n and_o yet_o hold_a aelian_o number_n do_v noâ—_n always_o hold_a at_o that_o same_o time_n when_o he_o fear_v to_o be_v surround_v i_o suppose_v he_o wish_v his_o force_n to_o be_v more_o numerous_a than_o they_o be_v neither_o do_v i_o believe_v that_o his_o father_n philip_n who_o be_v the_o framer_n of_o the_o phalanx_n do_v keep_v himself_o precise_o within_o that_o number_n for_o at_o cherâ—nea_n where_o he_o rout_v the_o confederated_a greek_n he_o exceed_v
body_n of_o foot_n it_o be_v the_o easy_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o can_v be_v sudden_o do_v and_o therefore_o be_v dangerous_a if_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o to_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o motion_n three_o if_o all_o the_o three_o countermarche_n laconian_a macedonian_a and_o chorâ—an_n three_o three_o be_v of_o very_o little_a use_n and_o great_a danger_n in_o the_o infantry_n as_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v appear_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n than_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o use_n of_o any_o of_o the_o three_o be_v as_o little_a and_o the_o danger_n as_o great_a in_o body_n of_o cavalry_n four_o that_o i_o conceive_v wheeling_n a_o more_o proper_a motion_n and_o more_o easy_a four_o four_o for_o the_o horse_n than_o for_o the_o foot_n it_o be_v a_o motion_n that_o have_v be_v much_o use_v by_o horse_n in_o fight_n for_o unless_o in_o wheel_v they_o be_v charge_v in_o the_o flank_n and_o if_o so_o they_o be_v ill_o second_v they_o be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o their_o first_o posture_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o foot_n for_o if_o the_o body_n be_v but_o indifferent_o great_a suppose_v fifteeen_n hundred_o man_n stand_v at_o three_o foot_n distance_n in_o file_n and_o six_o in_o rank_n you_o must_v â—irst_n make_v they_o come_v both_o rank_n and_o file_n to_o their_o close_a order_n before_o you_o can_v wheel_v your_o battle_n and_o that_o require_v some_o time_n for_o it_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o itself_o and_o the_o great_a the_o body_n be_v the_o long_a time_n it_o will_v have_v to_o make_v that_o first_o motion_n for_o great_a body_n move_v slow_o next_o the_o motion_n itself_o of_o wheel_v the_o battle_n be_v not_o soon_o do_v if_o well_o do_v for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o order_v discreet_o the_o body_n be_v immediate_o in_o confusion_n three_o when_o you_o have_v wheel_v this_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o man_n you_o must_v beg_v yet_o a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n from_o your_o enemy_n till_o you_o put_v your_o battle_n in_o a_o fight_a posture_n which_o you_o can_v do_v till_o you_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o first_o order_n for_o at_o close_a order_n your_o musqueâ—eers_n can_v fight_v and_o therefore_o you_o must_v cause_v your_o battle_n to_o open_v it_o be_v true_a the_o rank_n will_v quick_o open_v backward_o but_o the_o file_n be_v no_o less_o in_o a_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o man_n than_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o must_v have_v such_o a_o time_n to_o open_v though_o they_o do_v it_o with_o all_o the_o have_v imaginable_a that_o a_o resolute_a body_n of_o horse_n will_v charge_v through_o they_o before_o you_o end_v these_o three_o motion_n but_o a_o body_n of_o horse_n be_v in_o rank_n and_o file_v at_o that_o distance_n at_o which_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v need_v no_o command_n to_o close_a rank_n and_o file_n before_o it_o wheel_n nor_o no_o command_n to_o open_v they_o after_o it_o have_v wheel_v be_v constant_o in_o a_o posture_n to_o receive_v a_o enemy_n and_o with_o submission_n to_o great_a drill_n master_n i_o shall_v think_v the_o motion_n of_o facing_n and_o countermarch_v of_o body_n of_o horse_n whether_o great_a or_o small_a may_v be_v spare_v in_o their_o exercise_n because_o you_o may_v face_v a_o enemy_n with_o a_o squadron_n of_o horse_n either_o in_o flank_n or_o rear_v by_o wheel_a either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o by_o either_o of_o the_o two_o about_o a_o great_a deal_n soon_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o more_o ease_n and_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o less_o danger_n than_o you_o can_v do_v by_o either_o face_n or_o countermarch_v five_o observe_v that_o no_o man_n can_v or_o will_v attain_v to_o a_o perfect_a understanding_n of_o five_o five_o either_o posture_n motion_n or_o evolution_n in_o the_o train_n particular_a man_n or_o yet_o body_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o read_v the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o a_o book_n or_o paper_n or_o look_v upon_o the_o figure_n of_o they_o for_o the_o military_a art_n be_v practical_a one_o shall_v understand_v what_o belong_v to_o drilling_n and_o training_n more_o by_o look_v on_o the_o real_a practice_n of_o it_o three_o day_n than_o by_o the_o contemplative_a study_n of_o it_o three_o year_n when_o you_o see_v a_o countermarch_v in_o the_o field_n you_o will_v quick_o understand_v what_o a_o evolution_n it_o be_v when_o you_o see_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o in_o a_o book_n but_o you_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o know_v what_o it_o signify_v when_o you_o see_v the_o figure_n before_o the_o practice_n and_o last_o i_o avouch_v it_o to_o be_v the_o essential_a duty_n of_o a_o captain_n to_o exercise_n his_o six_o six_o troop_n or_o company_n himself_o whether_o it_o be_v of_o foot_n or_o horse_n nor_o shall_v it_o be_v permit_v that_o his_o lieutenant_n shall_v do_v it_o when_o he_o be_v present_a much_o less_o a_o sergeant_n as_o i_o have_v often_o see_v for_o thereby_o he_o uncaptain_n himself_o and_o change_v place_n with_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o this_o be_v too_o ordinary_a a_o military_a grievance_n against_o which_o the_o earl_n of_o swafford_n guard_v by_o a_o express_a instruction_n that_o no_o lieutenant_n shall_v exercise_v a_o company_n unless_o the_o captain_n be_v absent_a which_o he_o may_v not_o be_v without_o either_o sickness_n or_o that_o lord_n own_o permission_n a_o very_a just_a command_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o colonel_n shall_v exercise_v their_o regiment_n and_o in_o their_o absence_n their_o lieutenant_n colonel_n but_o when_o either_o of_o they_o be_v present_a the_o major_n ought_v neither_o to_o be_v command_v nor_o of_o himself_o offer_v to_o do_v it_o and_o this_o be_v contrary_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o who_o will_v impose_v so_o many_o duty_n on_o a_o major_n that_o they_o make_v thereby_o colonel_n and_o lieutenant_n colonel_n cipher_n or_o very_o insignificant_a creature_n chap._n xi_o of_o compay_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n what_o they_o have_v be_v what_o they_o be_v how_o they_o be_v marshal_v of_o all_o their_o officer_n their_o duty_n and_o qualification_n i_o suppose_v most_o military_a man_n acknowledge_v the_o infantry_n to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o a_o army_n with_o it_o the_o artillery_n munition_n and_o provision_n lodge_v and_o so_o do_v he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a the_o member_n of_o this_o body_n be_v regiment_n or_o brigade_n and_o the_o sinew_n and_o artery_n of_o these_o be_v company_n a_o company_n be_v a_o band_n of_o arm_a man_n marshal_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n a_o rank_n and_o file_n differ_v in_o this_o that_o the_o first_o consist_v of_o man_n whether_o on_o horseback_n or_o foot_n stand_v in_o one_o file_n a_o rank_n and_o a_o file_n front_n side_n for_o side_n the_o second_o of_o man_n stand_v in_o one_o row_n or_o lane_n one_o behind_o another_o so_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v convert_v a_o file_n into_o a_o rank_n and_o a_o rank_n into_o a_o file_n the_o number_n of_o these_o rank_n and_o file_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o number_n of_o man_n appoint_v to_o be_v in_o each_o company_n for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o general_a rule_n every_o prince_n and_o state_n order_v that_o as_o they_o please_v neither_o do_v they_o restrict_n themselves_o constant_o to_o one_o number_n but_o appoint_v their_o company_n to_o be_v strong_a and_o weak_a as_o the_o emergency_n of_o affair_n or_o the_o present_a ratio_fw-la belli_n seem_v to_o require_v it_o in_o former_a time_n ever_o since_o gunpowder_n be_v invent_v it_o have_v be_v so_o likewise_o for_o sometime_o company_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o at_o other_o time_n yet_o never_o be_v the_o weak_a of_o they_o of_o so_o small_a a_o number_n as_o general_o now_o they_o be_v the_o first_o time_n i_o remember_v to_o have_v read_v of_o a_o company_n of_o one_o hundred_o in_o the_o modern_a war_n be_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o nine_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n since_o in_o they_o i_o find_v that_o the_o protestant_a foot-company_n strong_a company_n of_o one_o hundred_o strong_a be_v but_o general_o one_o hundred_o strong_a for_o which_o i_o can_v guess_v at_o no_o reason_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o many_o gentleman_n who_o be_v force_v to_o take_v arm_n and_o dare_v not_o stay_v at_o home_n may_v be_v invest_v with_o charge_n and_o employment_n suitable_a to_o their_o quality_n yet_o methinks_v it_o have_v conduce_v more_o to_o the_o advancement_n and_o prosecution_n of_o the_o grand_a design_n that_o troop_n and_o company_n of_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr or_o curiassier_n have_v be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o number_n of_o gentleman_n a_o service_n very_o
have_v observe_v in_o most_o tactic_n lieutenant_n colonel_n elton_n be_v very_o clear_a in_o his_o definition_n of_o a_o distance_n which_o though_o i_o tell_v you_o of_o it_o before_o i_o shall_v again_o give_v you_o distance_n say_v he_o be_v a_o place_n or_o interval_n of_o ground_n between_o every_o rank_n and_o rank_n and_o every_o file_n and_o file_n as_o they_o stand_v by_o this_o description_n then_o three_o foot_n of_o distance_n be_v allow_v between_o every_o file_n and_o file_n there_o be_v in_o seventeen_o file_n sixteen_o distance_n or_o interval_n which_o make_v but_o forty_o and_o eight_o foot_n than_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v seventeen_o foot_n to_o the_o combatant_n that_o be_v one_o foot_n for_o every_o man_n to_o stand_v on_o seventeen_o be_v add_v to_o forty_o eight_o make_v sixty_o five_o and_o so_o many_o foot_n of_o ground_n do_v a_o company_n possess_v in_o front_n if_o it_o consist_v of_o seventeen_o file_n for_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o rank_n you_o be_v to_o compute_v it_o thus_o six_o rank_n take_v six_o foot_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o thirty_o foot_n for_o five_o interval_n six_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o open_a order_n in_o all_o six_o and_o thirty_o foot_n which_o a_o rank_n distance_n of_o rank_n company_n regiment_n brigade_n or_o army_n of_o foot_n constant_o possess_v from_o the_o toe_n of_o the_o leader_n to_o the_o heel_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o unless_o you_o bring_v the_o rank_n to_o stand_v at_o order_n which_o you_o may_v frequent_o do_v with_o very_o good_a reason_n and_o then_o the_o five_o interval_n take_v up_o but_o fifteen_o foot_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o six_o foot_n on_o which_o the_o rank_n stand_v make_v but_o twenty_o one_o foot_n and_o when_o pike_n be_v to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n you_o may_v bring_v they_o to_o close_a order_n that_o be_v one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o then_o the_o five_o interval_n take_v up_o but_o 7½_n foot_n these_o be_v add_v to_o six_o make_v 13½_n foot_n observe_v that_o in_o exercise_v this_o company_n of_o seventeen_o file_n you_o be_v to_o set_v aside_o one_o of_o the_o file_n because_o it_o be_v odd_a and_o so_o colour_n the_o colour_n will_v hinder_v the_o double_n the_o file_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o company_n be_v to_o be_v on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o pike_n neither_o can_v they_o convenient_o be_v between_o the_o second_o and_o three_o rank_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v for_o you_o may_v easy_o consider_v what_o room_n a_o ensign_n can_v have_v with_o his_o colour_n between_o rank_n when_o they_o be_v at_o order_n much_o less_o at_o close_a order_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n it_o will_v be_v fit_v before_o i_o go_v further_o to_o meet_v with_o a_o objection_n concern_v file_n objection_n against_o my_o distance_n of_o file_n distance_n it_o be_v this_o the_o three_o foot_n of_o distance_n allow_v between_o file_n say_v they_o must_v be_v reckon_v from_o the_o centre_n that_o be_v from_o the_o two_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o two_o file-leader_n as_o from_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n file-leader_n to_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o file-leader_n who_o stand_v on_o his_o left_a hand_n i_o wonder_v at_o this_o notion_n for_o hereby_o two_o file-leader_n take_v up_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n and_o so_o do_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n and_o there_o be_v but_o two_o foot_n of_o interval_n between_o the_o two_o file_n and_o this_o can_v at_o all_o quadrate_n with_o the_o definition_n of_o distance_n for_o that_o be_v a_o interval_n between_o file_n and_o not_o betwixt_o the_o two_o middle_a part_n of_o two_o man_n body_n and_o the_o author_n of_o tactic_n shall_v have_v be_v clear_a in_o their_o expression_n and_o have_v say_v two_o foot_n between_o file_n which_o they_o know_v be_v too_o answer_v answer_v little_a and_o have_v add_v that_o every_o file_n shall_v have_v one_o foot_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o for_o what_o language_n be_v this_o a_o man_n shall_v have_v half_a a_o foot_n for_o his_o right_a middle_a part_n and_o another_o half_a foot_n for_o his_o left_a middle_a part_n for_o this_o way_n of_o their_o reckon_n of_o the_o three_o foot_n of_o distance_n amount_v to_o just_a so_o much_o and_o no_o better_a language_n which_o i_o conceive_v be_v very_o improper_a beside_o by_o this_o account_n the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n file_n will_v have_v each_o of_o they_o one_o half_a foot_n of_o ground_n more_o than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n the_o right_a hand_n filemen_n have_v it_o by_o the_o right_n middle_a part_n of_o their_o body_n and_o the_o left_a hand_n filemen_n by_o the_o left_a middle_a part_n of_o their_o body_n because_o these_o two_o file_n on_o these_o two_o hand_n have_v no_o sideman_n which_o you_o may_v easy_o conceive_v if_o you_o please_v a_o little_a to_o consider_v it_o let_v we_o in_o the_o next_o place_n see_v what_o officer_n be_v appoint_v to_o have_v the_o command_n company_n of_o officer_n of_o a_o company_n and_o inspection_n of_o this_o company_n and_o here_o we_o may_v find_v some_o difference_n in_o the_o several_a establishment_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n yet_o in_o this_o we_o find_v all_o agree_v to_o have_v a_o captain_n a_o lieutenant_n a_o ensign_n sergeant_n corporal_n and_o drummer_n except_o the_o spaniard_n who_o reject_v the_o lieutenant_n as_o useless_a some_o allow_v no_o more_o officer_n than_o those_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o some_o allow_v more_o to_o wit_n a_o captain_n of_o army_n a_o furer_n a_o fourier_n and_o a_o clerk_n or_o scrivener_n and_o beside_o some_o allow_v lancepesat_n or_o lancpresad_n as_o they_o be_v common_o call_v as_o also_o reformado_n and_o gentleman_n of_o a_o company_n but_o neither_o lancepesat_n gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n nor_o reformado_n be_v officer_n and_o though_o corporal_n be_v yet_o they_o carry_v arm_n and_o march_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n i_o shall_v describe_v all_o these_o and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o a_o foot_n company_n begin_v with_o the_o reformado_n and_o end_v with_o the_o captain_n those_o be_v call_v reformado_n or_o reform_v who_o have_v be_v officer_n suppose_v officer_n reform_a officer_n commissionated_a and_o those_o only_a and_o be_v out_o of_o charge_n and_o bear_v arm_n till_o they_o can_v be_v prefer_v in_o some_o place_n they_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v without_o arms._n a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n be_v he_o who_o be_v something_o more_o than_o a_o ordinary_a company_n gentleman_n of_o a_o company_n soldier_n have_v a_o little_a more_o pay_n and_o do_v not_o stand_v centinel_n in_o french_a he_o be_v call_v appoint_v and_o with_o the_o german_n he_o be_v call_v gefreuter_n they_o march_v and_o watch_v with_o arm_n they_o go_v common_a round_n and_o patrovill_n and_o near_o a_o enemy_n they_o be_v to_o be_v the_o forlorn_a sentinel_n who_o the_o french_a call_n perdus_fw-fr lancespesate_fw-it be_v a_o word_n derive_v from_o the_o italian_a lance_n spesata_fw-la which_o signify_v a_o break_a or_o spend_v lance._n he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o no_o ancient_a stand_n in_o the_o militia_n for_o he_o draw_v his_o pedigree_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n between_o francis_n the_o first_o and_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n on_o the_o one_o part_n and_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o his_o brother-in-law_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n on_o the_o other_o part_n in_o those_o war_n when_o a_o gentleman_n of_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n in_o any_o skirmish_n battle_n or_o rencounter_n have_v break_v his_o lance_n on_o his_o enemy_n and_o lose_v his_o horse_n in_o the_o scuffle_n he_o be_v entertain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o broken-lance_n by_o a_o captain_n of_o a_o foot_n company_n as_o his_o comrade_n till_o he_o be_v again_o mount_v but_o as_o all_o good_a order_n fall_v soon_o from_o their_o primitive_a institution_n so_o in_o a_o short_a time_n our_o monsieur_n lancespesata_n for_o so_o he_o be_v call_v be_v force_v to_o descend_v from_o be_v lancespesata_fw-la lancespesata_fw-la the_o captain_n comrade_n and_o become_v the_o corporal_n companion_n and_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o charge_n and_o therefore_o be_v sometime_o call_v by_o the_o french_a aid_v caporal_a but_o when_o the_o caporal_n grow_v weary_a of_o the_o comradeship_n of_o his_o lancespesata_n he_o make_v he_o officiate_v under_o he_o and_o for_o that_o have_v some_o allowance_n of_o pay_n more_o than_o the_o common_a soldier_n which_o he_o enjoy_v in_o those_o place_n where_o he_o be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o still_o keep_v the_o noble_a title_n of_o lancespesata_n though_o perhaps_o he_o be_v never_o on_o horseback_n in_o his_o life_n corrupt_o
beast_n yet_o thereafter_o they_o find_v mean_n to_o wound_v they_o or_o by_o make_v lane_n and_o street_n for_o they_o to_o render_v their_o fury_n so_o useless_a that_o they_o get_v but_o little_a hurt_n by_o they_o but_o for_o all_o this_o i_o can_v have_v faith_n enough_o to_o believe_v what_o livy_n report_v that_o a_o arm_a soldier_n enter_v into_o combat_n with_o a_o elephant_n and_o that_o the_o beast_n grapple_v he_o with_o his_o trunk_n about_o the_o middle_n and_o cast_v he_o up_o in_o the_o air_n but_o that_o the_o soldier_n fall_v with_o little_a or_o no_o hurt_n wound_v the_o beast_n with_o his_o sword_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o such_o a_o hug_n as_o that_o may_v have_v crush_v both_o the_o soldier_n corsset_n and_o his_o bone_n till_o the_o marrow_n come_v out_o for_o in_o his_o trunk_n which_o the_o latin_n call_v proboscis_n there_o be_v such_o strength_n that_o therewith_o as_o some_o write_v he_o be_v able_a to_o fell_a tree_n or_o i_o think_v the_o elephant_n may_v have_v toss_v his_o duellist_n so_o high_a in_o the_o air_n that_o the_o very_a fall_n shall_v have_v dash_v he_o in_o piece_n but_o livy_n do_v no_o more_o see_v this_o romantic_a combat_n than_o he_o see_v shower_n of_o blood_n and_o stone_n which_o he_o write_v rain_v frequent_o among_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o ally_n chariot_n in_o ancient_a time_n have_v sometime_o scythes_n on_o both_o side_n of_o they_o sometime_o none_o xenophon_n write_v that_o before_o cyrus_n time_n the_o trojan_n and_o assyrian_n and_o thereafter_o the_o cyrenian_o use_v chariot_n draw_v with_o four_o horse_n in_o every_o one_o whereof_o be_v only_o one_o combatant_n and_o a_o driver_n or_o coachman_n chariot_n chariot_n this_o fashion_n seem_v to_o cyrus_n of_o no_o great_a advantage_n than_o to_o skirmish_v a_o little_a but_o do_v not_o at_o all_o help_n to_o beat_v a_o enemy_n range_v in_o battle_n therefore_o he_o abolish_v it_o and_o order_v his_o chariot_n to_o be_v make_v with_o strong_a and_o broad_a axletree_n to_o both_o side_n of_o which_o be_v fasten_v brass_n or_o iron_n scythes_n next_o he_o put_v arm_v man_n within_o the_o chariot_n who_o in_o the_o charge_n discharge_v lusty_o their_o missile_a weapon_n wherewith_o he_o take_v care_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v well_o store_v and_o with_o these_o he_o do_v not_o only_o sometime_o skirmish_n but_o for_o most_o part_n charge_v furious_o the_o enemy_n strong_a and_o close_a body_n and_o batallion_n the_o egyptian_n arm_n for_o the_o offensive_a be_v great_a and_o massy_a spear_n say_v arms._n egyptian_a arms._n xenophon_n but_o how_o long_o they_o be_v he_o do_v not_o tell_v and_o for_o the_o defensive_a they_o have_v shield_n of_o brass_n of_o such_o a_o largeness_n that_o therewith_o they_o cover_v both_o their_o body_n and_o their_o leg_n they_o marshal_v their_o man_n one_o hundred_o in_o file_n and_o when_o this_o be_v tell_v to_o cyrus_n he_o make_v himself_o merry_a with_o it_o and_o say_v he_o wish_v all_o his_o enemy_n will_v draw_v up_o a_o thousand_o deep_a for_o so_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o surround_v their_o flank_n soon_o attack_v and_o consequent_o say_v he_o i_o shall_v have_v the_o cheap_a market_n of_o they_o by_o what_o that_o same_o author_n say_v it_o will_v seem_v the_o egyptian_n draw_v up_o constant_o a_o hundred_o deep_a for_o when_o croesus_n desire_v they_o to_o change_v they_o answer_v they_o order_n their_o order_n will_v not_o alter_v their_o country_n fashion_n yet_o i_o conjecture_v the_o egyptian_a custom_n have_v be_v to_o marshal_v their_o batallion_n by_o the_o squaâ—â—_n root_n for_o here_o i_o find_v their_o body_n consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n and_o they_o perhaps_o be_v desirous_a to_o make_v a_o square_a of_o man_n which_o be_v to_o have_v as_o many_o in_o file_n as_o rank_n have_v embattel_v they_o a_o hundred_o in_o each_o for_o a_o hundred_o time_n a_o hundred_o produce_v ten_o thousand_o of_o the_o square_a root_n i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o persian_n that_o serve_v on_o foot_n in_o cyrus_n time_n carry_v for_o the_o defensive_a persian_n arm_n of_o the_o ancient_a persian_n a_o head-piece_n corslet_n and_o a_o little_a target_n and_o for_o the_o offensive_a a_o sword_n and_o a_o curtle-axe_n beside_o their_o dart_n and_o stone_n his_o cuirassier_n and_o light-horse_n be_v arm_v as_o the_o grecian_n be_v whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n in_o his_o time_n the_o sacan_o and_o cardusians_n a_o people_n dwell_v near_o persia_n be_v excellent_a bowman_n on_o horseback_n who_o offspring_n in_o all_o probability_n be_v those_o parthian_n who_o by_o their_o valour_n and_o skill_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n rout_z the_o army_n of_o the_o roman_a consul_n crassus_n and_o kill_v himself_o and_o put_v mark_n anthony_n to_o so_o shameful_a a_o retreat_n and_o so_o near_o a_o danger_n of_o evident_a ruin_n that_o often_o than_o once_o he_o offer_v to_o rid_v himself_o of_o that_o impend_a disgrace_n by_o self-murder_n as_o plutarch_n in_o his_o life_n relate_v cyrus_n who_o be_v the_o first_o persian_a monarch_n do_v not_o adhere_v to_o one_o constant_a number_n of_o rank_n for_o sometime_o he_o draw_v up_o his_o batallion_n ten_o in_o file_n and_o it_o be_v like_a he_o observe_v order_n their_o order_n that_o most_o for_o he_o have_v myriarch_n who_o have_v the_o command_n of_o ten_o thousand_o chiliarch_n who_o be_v colonel_n of_o thousand_o and_o centeniers_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o hundred_o all_o which_o may_v infer_v ten_o deep_a yet_o in_o xenophons_n second_o book_n we_o find_v cyrus_n his_o persian_n to_o be_v twelve_o in_o file_n and_o his_o batallion_n when_o he_o fight_v with_o croesus_n be_v four_o and_o twenty_o deep_a and_o indeed_o that_o be_v deep_a enough_o perhaps_o in_o the_o marshal_n his_o several_a body_n he_o have_v sometime_o make_v use_n of_o the_o square_a root_n but_o the_o king_n of_o lydia_n in_o that_o lydian_n lydian_n same_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v with_o cyrus_n make_v both_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n thirty_o deep_a except_o the_o egyptian_n i_o speak_v of_o who_o be_v a_o hundred_o in_o file_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o former_o what_o more_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o any_o point_n of_o war_n use_v by_o any_o other_o ancient_a nation_n either_o before_o or_o in_o the_o time_n of_o either_o the_o grecian_a or_o the_o roman_a greatness_n shall_v be_v interweave_v in_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o militia_n of_o these_o two_o famous_a nation_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o election_n levy_n and_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a of_o the_o grecian_n since_o we_o have_v find_v out_o but_o little_a of_o the_o true_a militia_n of_o other_o ancient_a nation_n let_v we_o take_v a_o survey_n of_o the_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n which_o have_v be_v in_o many_o age_n and_o still_o be_v so_o much_o speak_v of_o and_o herein_o we_o must_v borrow_v all_o our_o help_n from_o aelian_a who_o you_o will_v find_v have_v give_v it_o we_o very_o spare_o for_o though_o we_o have_v the_o work_n of_o homer_n and_o that_o he_o be_v account_v the_o first_o heathen_a author_n who_o write_v any_o thing_n of_o form_a battle_n yet_o we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v much_o light_n from_o so_o blind_a a_o lantern_n polybius_n though_o a_o grecian_a and_o a_o captain_n contribute_v nothing_o to_o our_o assistance_n but_o what_o we_o be_v glad_a to_o glean_v from_o the_o scatter_a drop_n of_o his_o pen._n the_o rest_n of_o the_o grecian_a tactic_n name_v lose_v grecian_a tactic_n lose_v by_o aelian_a in_o his_o treatise_n be_v lose_v except_o some_o piece_n of_o aeneas_n translate_v into_o latin_a seventy_o year_n ago_o by_o casaubon_n which_o sir_n thomas_n kellie_n thought_n be_v likewise_o perish_v but_o true_o we_o need_v not_o much_o regret_n that_o loss_n if_o that_o matter_n and_o no_o matter_n which_o aelian_a who_o peruse_v they_o all_o tell_v we_o be_v true_a that_o they_o write_v not_o as_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o instruct_v those_o who_o be_v ignorant_a and_o desirous_a to_o learn_v but_o as_o to_o those_o who_o be_v already_o proficient_n who_o understand_v the_o word_n and_o term_n of_o art_n and_o who_o know_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o grecian_a war_n as_o well_o as_o the_o author_n themselves_o all_o army_n and_o force_n be_v raise_v by_o a_o levy_n call_v ordinary_o in_o ancient_a time_n and_o still_o very_o proper_o a_o election_n and_o true_o i_o be_o sorry_a i_o shall_v so_o omission_n aelian_o omission_n soon_o have_v occasion_n to_o expostulate_v with_o aelian_a who_o have_v forget_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o of_o which_o he_o shall_v have_v give_v we_o a_o particular_a information_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n too_o that_o be_v how_o the_o levy_n of_o
be_v call_v tarentines_n and_o some_o have_v bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o be_v call_v scythae_n because_o the_o scythian_n delight_v much_o in_o the_o bow_n if_o you_o will_v compare_v the_o ancient_a grecian_a and_o the_o modern_a army_n use_v not_o half_a a_o age_n ago_o in_o the_o point_n of_o arm_n you_o will_v not_o find_v any_o considerable_a compare_v grecian_a and_o modern_a arm_n compare_v difference_n to_o the_o heavy_a arm_a grecian_a foot_n answer_v our_o pike-man_n when_o they_o be_v and_o still_o shall_v be_v arm_v with_o head-piece_n back_o and_o breast_n greeves_n and_o taslet_n except_o in_o this_o that_o we_o want_v target_n and_o walk_v not_o in_o brazen_a boot_n to_o the_o light_n arm_v or_o velite_n of_o the_o greek_n do_v answer_v our_o bowman_n or_o harquebusier_n when_o we_o have_v they_o and_o now_o our_o musquetier_n to_o the_o grecian_a cataphracti_fw-la on_o horseback_n correspond_v our_o gens_n d'arm_n or_o cuirassier_n arm_v with_o lance_n when_o they_o be_v in_o fashion_n and_o now_o with_o pistol_n and_o carabine_n to_o the_o light_a arm_a horseman_n call_v sagittarii_fw-la or_o scythe_n you_o may_v compare_v those_o who_o the_o french_a call_v still_o archer_n arm_v former_o even_o since_o gunpowder_n be_v find_v out_o with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o half_a lance_n and_o now_o with_o pistol_n or_o carabine_n to_o the_o tarentines_n answer_v general_o our_o light_a horseman_n arm_v offensive_o now_o with_o hand-gun_n and_o sword_n and_o some_o of_o they_o defensive_o with_o back_o breast_n and_o head-piece_n but_o most_o without_o any_o of_o they_o chap._n iu._n of_o their_o great_a engine_n and_o machine_n of_o their_o train_n and_o exercise_v the_o ancient_n have_v their_o artillery_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v these_o be_v their_o ram_n balist_n and_o catapult_n they_o have_v also_o their_o vineae_fw-la plutei_fw-la moscoli_fw-la and_o other_o engine_n whereby_o they_o make_v their_o approach_n to_o the_o wall_n of_o besiege_a â—_z i_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o some_o attribute_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o move_a or_o ambulatory_a tower_n so_o much_o admire_v by_o antiquity_n to_o demetrius_n the_o son_n of_o antigonus_n for_o to_o i_o it_o be_v clear_a enough_o that_o his_o father_n master_n the_o great_a alexander_n have_v one_o of_o they_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o gaza_n which_o be_v render_v ineffectual_a by_o the_o deep_a sand_n through_o which_o it_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v so_o tower_n the_o ambulatory_a tower_n near_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v needful_a for_o the_o wheel_n on_o which_o it_o be_v to_o move_v sink_v down_o neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o alexander_n himself_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o whether_o the_o trojan_a horse_n who_o belly_n be_v stuff_v with_o arm_a man_n may_v be_v such_o a_o machine_n as_o this_o or_o whether_o it_o have_v only_o its_o existency_n in_o the_o poet_n brain_n be_v no_o great_a matter_n but_o because_o the_o roman_n use_v all_o these_o warlike_a engine_n at_o the_o expugnation_n and_o propugnation_n of_o town_n i_o shall_v refer_v my_o reader_n concern_v they_o to_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n where_o i_o shall_v also_o show_v he_o the_o substance_n of_o what_o aeneas_n a_o ancient_a grecian_a tactick_a say_v on_o that_o subject_n here_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o grecian_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o usurp_v to_o themselves_o the_o invention_n of_o many_o art_n and_o science_n which_o they_o steal_v from_o other_o so_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o many_o of_o these_o machine_n be_v use_v in_o the_o world_n before_o the_o grecian_n be_v so_o much_o know_v as_o afterward_o they_o come_v to_o be_v we_o read_v in_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o chronicle_n that_o ozias_n king_n of_o judah_n by_o the_o invention_n of_o skilful_a master_n make_v and_o plant_v on_o the_o tower_n and_o corner_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o jerusalem_n engine_n which_o shoot_v arrow_n dart_n and_o great_a stone_n and_o these_o be_v no_o other_o than_o those_o machine_n the_o greek_n call_v catapult_n and_o balist_n and_o this_o be_v long_o before_o the_o overthrow_n and_o defeat_v of_o the_o persian_a monarch_n grecian_n these_o machine_n not_o invent_v by_o the_o grecian_n make_v greece_n famous_a in_o the_o habitable_a world_n some_o think_v moses_n invent_v they_o and_o i_o think_v they_o may_v as_o well_o fancy_n he_o invent_v the_o move_a tower_n of_o all_o which_o hereafter_o whereof_o i_o speak_v but_o just_a now_o but_o the_o place_n allege_v for_o this_o which_o be_v the_o last_o verse_n of_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o deuteronomy_n will_v not_o justify_v that_o for_o it_o be_v say_v there_o as_o the_o italian_a translation_n have_v it_o thou_o shall_v cut_v down_o those_o tree_n which_o bear_v no_o fruit_n and_o make_v bulwark_n bastioni_fw-la of_o they_o against_o those_o city_n thou_o be_v to_o besiege_v and_o though_o lipsius_n and_o tâ—rduzzi_n think_v that_o here_o be_v only_o mean_v stake_n and_o pallisadoe_n for_o rampart_n and_o sconce_n yet_o i_o may_v without_o heresy_n believe_v that_o the_o vineâ—_n and_o plutei_fw-la of_o which_o we_o read_v in_o latin_a history_n may_v be_v mean_v in_o the_o text_n and_o the_o ram_n also_o wherewith_o i_o suppose_v joshua_n may_v have_v batter_v the_o wall_n of_o those_o city_n which_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n from_o the_o almighty_a to_o beat_v down_o with_o the_o sound_n of_o ram_n horn_n as_o he_o do_v the_o strong_a wall_n of_o jericho_n the_o grecian_n be_v very_o exact_a in_o training_n and_o drill_v both_o their_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o without_o question_n they_o teach_v their_o soldier_n very_o perfect_o to_o handle_v and_o manage_v all_o the_o arm_n they_o be_v appoint_v to_o carry_v whether_o those_o be_v javelin_n dart_n stone_n sling_n sword_n pike_n lance_n mace_n or_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o as_o careful_a they_o be_v to_o teach_v they_o those_o motion_n exercise_n grecian_a word_n of_o exercise_n and_o evolution_n whereby_o their_o body_n whether_o small_a or_o great_a change_v their_o present_a posture_n into_o another_o either_o by_o face_n doubling_n countermarche_n or_o wheeling_n and_o though_o the_o european_a nation_n be_v force_v to_o find_v out_o word_n of_o command_n each_o in_o their_o own_o language_n to_o teach_v the_o use_n and_o handle_n of_o the_o pistol_n carabine_n harquebus_n musket_n or_o any_o other_o fire-gun_n in_o regard_n none_o of_o those_o be_v know_v to_o any_o of_o the_o autient_n yet_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o pike_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o its_o posture_n that_o the_o grecian_n have_v and_o all_o our_o european_a word_n of_o command_n for_o the_o motion_n and_o evolution_n of_o body_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o greek_a by_o example_n that_o which_o they_o call_v we_o all_o one_o with_o we_o declina_fw-la in_o hastam_fw-la we_o call_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n that_o which_o with_o they_o be_v declina_fw-la in_o scutum_fw-la with_o we_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n because_o they_o carry_v their_o pike_n on_o their_o right_a shoulder_n and_o their_o target_n on_o the_o left_a their_o inflectio_fw-la in_o hastam_fw-la aut_fw-la scutum_fw-la be_v our_o right_n or_o leave_v about_o jugare_o with_o they_o be_v to_o my_o sense_n though_o i_o know_v other_o think_v not_o so_o to_o double_a rank_n their_o intercalatio_n be_v our_o double_v of_o file_n reddere_fw-la in_o arrectum_fw-la be_v as_o you_o be_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o give_v you_o more_o since_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a word_n be_v the_o same_o with_o they_o and_o be_v obvious_a in_o most_o language_n yet_o here_o i_o shall_v take_v liberty_n to_o speak_v a_o little_a of_o both_o their_o and_o our_o counter-marche_n that_o hereafter_o i_o need_v not_o trouble_n either_o myself_o or_o my_o reader_n with_o that_o point_n of_o exercise_n for_o which_o i_o have_v so_o small_a a_o esteem_n they_o call_v a_o countermarch_v evolutio_fw-la per_fw-la versum_fw-la and_o they_o have_v three_o kind_n of_o it_o which_o be_v yet_o retain_v in_o our_o modern_a exercise_n and_o these_o be_v the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o the_o persian_a which_o be_v also_o call_v the_o choraean_a the_o macedonian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n be_v command_v to_o take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o the_o van_n as_o it_o possess_v before_o ere_o he_o who_o be_v leader_n face_v countermarch_v macedonian_a countermarch_v to_o the_o rear_n it_o be_v do_v thus_o he_o who_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n march_v through_o or_o between_o two_o file_n to_o the_o van_n and_o then_o without_o a_o alt_z so_o many_o foot_n beyond_o the_o file-leader_n as_o the_o body_n at_o their_o due_a distance_n possess_v all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v in_o the_o file_n before_o he_o follow_v he_o in_o order_n as_o they_o stand_v till_o
be_v out-winged_a as_o assure_o he_o be_v it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v deep_a alexander_n at_o arbela_n but_o eight_o deep_a that_o the_o more_o ground_n he_o take_v up_o in_o front_n the_o less_o subject_n he_o be_v to_o that_o danger_n and_o this_o curtius_n confirm_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o several_a body_n have_v order_n give_v they_o to_o extend_v their_o batallion_n as_o far_a in_o length_n as_o without_o eminent_a danger_n they_o may_v lest_o say_v the_o same_o author_n they_o shall_v be_v environ_v i_o conceive_v then_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o alexander_n study_v how_o to_o make_v as_o large_a a_o front_n as_o feasible_o he_o may_v against_o so_o numerous_a a_o enemy_n he_o make_v his_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n phalange_n but_o eight_o deep_a as_o that_o which_o suit_v best_a with_o his_o present_a affair_n and_o as_o he_o have_v see_v other_o grecian_a captain_n do_v before_o he_o for_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o twice_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o he_o have_v when_o it_o be_v marshal_v sixteen_o in_o file_n that_o he_o have_v reserve_v be_v most_o clear_a both_o from_o curtius_n and_o other_o for_o nicanor_n follow_v the_o phalange_n with_o the_o argyraspides_fw-la or_o silver_n shield_n and_o these_o be_v heavy_a arm_v observe_v it_o and_o cenos_n with_o a_o band_n of_o man_n which_o reserve_v and_o have_v reserve_v say_v curtius_n be_v appoint_v note_n this_o to_o be_v a_o relief_n then_o horestes_n lincerta_n polycarpon_n and_o philagus_n all_o with_o several_a body_n follow_v the_o phalanx_n and_o that_o all_o these_o be_v reserve_v aelian_a himself_n nor_o any_o for_o he_o will_v not_o be_v so_o impudent_a as_o to_o deny_v but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o the_o marshal_n this_o army_n in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v the_o next_o i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o three_o reason_n which_o be_v pretend_v for_o sixteen_o deep_a of_o deep_a three_o reason_n for_o 16_o deep_a the_o heavy_a arm_a phalange_n and_o it_o be_v this_o though_o the_o pike_n of_o all_o those_o rank_n that_o stand_v behind_o the_o five_o or_o if_o you_o will_v the_o six_o be_v useless_a in_o regard_n they_o can_v reach_v but_o little_a or_o nothing_o beyond_o the_o file_n leader_n and_o you_o will_v remember_v these_o rank_n be_v not_o few_o than_o ten_o if_o not_o eleven_o yet_o be_v at_o close_a order_n with_o their_o pike_n advance_v they_o bear_v forward_o with_o the_o weight_n and_o force_n of_o their_o body_n those_o five_o or_o six_o rank_n that_o be_v before_o they_o and_o so_o make_v the_o impression_n the_o great_a and_o strong_a they_o take_v all_o occasion_n of_o flight_n from_o they_o and_o impose_v a_o necessity_n on_o they_o to_o overcome_v or_o die_v i_o answer_v first_o that_o this_o pretend_a advantage_n if_o it_o be_v any_o at_o all_o be_v very_o oft_o dear_o answer_v answer_v buy_v second_o i_o say_v five_o rank_n have_v their_o pike_n present_v to_o the_o enemy_n three_o rank_n behind_o they_o may_v have_v serve_v sufficient_o to_o bear_v forward_o the_o five_o before_o they_o or_o if_o aelian_a thought_n six_o rank_n may_v present_v all_o their_o pike_n with_o advantage_n then_o let_v four_o rank_n be_v allow_v behind_o they_o to_o bear_v they_o forward_o to_o the_o charge_n and_o hinder_v they_o to_o fly_v and_o this_o will_v make_v in_o all_o but_o ten_o rank_n and_o so_o still_o six_o rank_n may_v have_v be_v dispose_v of_o either_o to_o enlarge_v the_o front_n or_o make_v a_o body_n in_o the_o rear_n for_o a_o reserve_n and_o three_o i_o say_v when_o aelian_n six_o foremost_a rank_n be_v busy_a in_o fight_n the_o ten_o behind_o they_o who_o be_v to_o bear_v those_o six_o forward_a be_v at_o their_o close_a distance_n which_o he_o call_v constipation_n and_o so_o not_o able_a to_o open_v very_o sudden_o and_o face_n about_o in_o so_o good_a order_n and_o so_o soon_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o receive_v or_o beat_v back_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o unexpected_a enemy_n for_o certain_o they_o must_v first_o have_v open_v backward_o and_o then_o face_v about_o both_o which_o must_v have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o command_n of_o some_o of_o their_o officer_n probable_o the_o lieutenant_n and_o it_o be_v well_o enough_o know_v how_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n which_o seldom_o fail_v to_o attend_v such_o occasion_n stop_v the_o ear_n and_o dull_v the_o judgement_n of_o soldier_n that_o they_o can_v neither_o hear_v nor_o understand_v the_o word_n of_o command_n aright_o i_o will_v fetch_v two_o instance_n from_o history_n and_o those_o i_o believe_v will_v prove_v all_o i_o have_v say_v and_o clear_v this_o whole_a matter_n pretty_a well_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o cynocephalae_n or_o dog_n head_n fight_v by_o philip_n the_o last_o king_n cinocephalae_n battle_n of_o cinocephalae_n of_o macedon_n except_o one_o against_o titus_n flaminius_n a_o roman_a consul_n the_o half_a of_o philip_n heavy_a arm_v phalange_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n bear_v down_o all_o before_o it_o and_o tread_v over_o the_o legion_n gain_v ground_n so_o far_o that_o the_o macedonian_a thought_n the_o day_n his_o own_o but_o flaminius_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n can_v not_o draw_v up_o in_o any_o close_a order_n because_o of_o the_o unevenness_n and_o knottiness_n of_o the_o mountain_n who_o little_a hillock_n represent_v the_o head_n of_o dog_n send_v a_o tribune_n with_o a_o legion_n and_o some_o elephant_n up_o the_o hill_n to_o charge_v that_o left_a wing_n which_o he_o smart_o do_v easy_o rout_v it_o and_o immediate_o fall_v on_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o victorious_a right_a wing_n and_o without_o opposition_n cut_v it_o in_o piece_n now_o if_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n which_o have_v no_o convenient_a ground_n whereon_o to_o draw_v up_o have_v place_v itself_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n at_o a_o distance_n behind_o the_o right_a wing_n as_o a_o reserve_v the_o roman_n dare_v never_o have_v hazard_v to_o have_v come_v between_o they_o or_o if_o the_o last_o ten_o rank_n of_o the_o right_a wing_n who_o serve_v for_o nothing_o but_o to_o bear_v forward_o the_o other_o six_o rank_n have_v face_v about_o according_a to_o aelian_o rule_n they_o can_v not_o so_o easy_o have_v be_v break_v but_o the_o close_a posture_n or_o constipation_n of_o these_o last_o ten_o rank_n to_o bear_v forward_o the_o foremost_a six_o rank_n make_v they_o uncapable_a to_o do_v that_o quick_o which_o the_o present_a necessity_n require_v or_o else_o the_o sudden_a charge_n of_o a_o unlooked_a for_o enemy_n do_v so_o appal_v they_o that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o be_v do_v nor_o who_o command_v or_o who_o obey_v which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v frequent_o fall_v out_o in_o such_o case_n so_o this_o phalanx_n cast_v in_o aelian_n macedonian_a mould_n cost_v king_n philip_n very_o dear_a but_o another_o model_v after_o the_o same_o fashion_n cost_v his_o son_n perseus_n much_o dear_a at_o pidna_n a_o town_n of_o macedon_n king_n perseus_n fight_v with_o lucius_n aemilius_n pidna_n battei_n of_o pidna_n a_o roman_a consul_n and_o the_o ground_n for_o his_o phalange_n be_v as_o good_a as_o his_o own_o heart_n can_v wish_v the_o roman_a legion_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v its_o furious_a charge_n but_o give_v ground_n in_o several_a place_n insomuch_o that_o the_o consul_n see_v fortune_n look_v with_o so_o grim_a a_o countenance_n upon_o he_o begin_v to_o despair_v of_o the_o victory_n and_o to_o tear_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n but_o be_v of_o a_o ready_a judgement_n he_o quick_o espy_v his_o advantage_n for_o he_o see_v the_o phalange_n open_v its_o constipation_n some_o small_a body_n of_o it_o pursue_v those_o who_o give_v ground_n and_o other_o fight_v loose_o with_o those_o of_o his_o roman_n who_o make_v stout_a opposition_n and_o therefore_o order_v some_o of_o his_o legionary_n to_o fall_v into_o those_o void_a and_o empty_a place_n of_o the_o several_a phalangarchy_n and_o these_o get_a entrance_n at_o those_o interval_n come_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o macedonian_a pike-man_n and_o so_o without_o much_o trouble_n make_v most_o of_o they_o die_v on_o the_o place_n if_o but_o a_o three_o nay_o a_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o this_o phalange_n have_v be_v stand_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n in_o reserve_n ready_a to_o have_v charge_v the_o weary_a and_o disorder_a legion_n will_v any_o man_n doubt_v but_o that_o in_o all_o humane_a probability_n perseus_n have_v be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n but_o the_o want_n of_o that_o lose_v he_o in_o the_o twinkle_n of_o a_o eye_n his_o wife_n and_o child_n his_o kingdom_n his_o riches_n which_o he_o love_v too_o well_o his_o honour_n and_o at_o last_o his_o life_n the_o defect_n then_o of_o
of_o any_o part_n of_o it_o but_o all_o of_o they_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o whole_a legion_n but_o to_o shun_v both_o confusion_n and_o contention_n they_o command_v about_o a_o month_n by_o turn_n for_o polybius_n in_o his_o five_o book_n inform_v we_o that_o two_o tribune_n have_v the_o command_n for_o one_o month_n alternative_o his_o meaning_n certain_o be_v two_o tribune_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n in_o which_o there_o be_v two_o legion_n of_o roman_n beside_o ally_n and_o tribune_n military_a tribune_n that_o be_v still_o one_o tribune_n for_o every_o legion_n and_o so_o the_o tribune_n have_v their_o turn_n if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o polybius_n suppose_v that_o the_o army_n stay_v in_o the_o field_n but_o six_o month_n and_o ordinary_o they_o stay_v no_o long_o and_o sometime_o not_o so_o long_o yet_o we_o find_v that_o sometime_o they_o stay_v abroad_o all_o the_o winter_n over_o the_o first_o practice_n whereof_o be_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o vâ—ii_n and_o then_o no_o doubt_n the_o tribune_n take_v their_o turn_n of_o command_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o summer_n time_n here_o now_o you_o see_v we_o have_v six_o tribune_n in_o a_o legion_n and_o but_o one_o tribune_n in_o a_o legion_n the_o other_o five_o have_v that_o same_o respect_n service_n and_o obedience_n pay_v they_o with_o he_o who_o command_v and_o sit_v in_o the_o council_n of_o war_n with_o the_o consul_n as_o well_o as_o he_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o tribune_n be_v great_a enough_o they_o judge_v of_o all_o cause_n civil_a criminal_a and_o military_a but_o the_o last_o appeal_n be_v reserve_v for_o the_o consul_n or_o general_n they_o may_v impose_v pecuniary_a mulcta_fw-la and_o fine_n and_o power_n their_o power_n punish_v by_o defalcation_n of_o pay_n or_o proviant_a and_o by_o whip_v likewise_o yea_o polybius_n say_v they_o may_v pass_v a_o sentence_n of_o death_n other_o say_v not_o without_o the_o council_n they_o receive_v the_o tessera_fw-la or_o watchword_n from_o the_o consul_n whereof_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o more_o perfect_a account_n in_o another_o place_n they_o go_v duty_n their_o duty_n before_o to_o see_v the_o camp_n measure_v out_o according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o roman_a castrametation_n whereof_o hereafter_o but_o where_o these_o tribune_n have_v their_o station_n in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n for_o sure_a the_o other_o five_o be_v not_o idle_a then_o neither_o polybius_n nor_o vegetius_n tell_v we_o one_o battle_n their_o station_n in_o battle_n word_n doubtless_o they_o be_v to_o blame_v for_o conceal_v that_o and_o many_o other_o considerable_a point_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war._n and_o here_o again_o i_o be_o force_v to_o engage_v with_o lipsius_n who_o very_o frank_o offer_v his_o conjecture_n which_o be_v this_o that_o all_o the_o six_o tribune_n stand_v beside_o or_o near_o the_o consul_n and_o that_o be_v say_v he_o beside_o the_o eagle_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o triarii_n but_o if_o he_o have_v remember_v of_o some_o thing_n that_o no_o question_n he_o know_v he_o will_v not_o have_v vent_v this_o opinion_n of_o he_o for_o first_o the_o consul_n can_v not_o be_v beside_o two_o eagle_n and_o conjecture_n lipsius_n err_v in_o his_o conjecture_n therefore_o the_o tribune_n of_o both_o legion_n can_v not_o be_v beside_o he_o second_o the_o consul_n as_o all_o history_n witness_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v constant_o at_o the_o eagle_n that_o he_o be_v but_o very_o seldom_o beside_o any_o of_o the_o eagle_n except_o when_o he_o be_v to_o lead_v the_o triarii_n up_o to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o other_o two_o class_n and_o many_o time_n he_o do_v this_o by_o a_o sign_n and_o not_o in_o person_n three_o it_o have_v be_v great_a shame_n for_o a_o knot_n of_o colonel_n to_o have_v stand_v all_o of_o they_o beside_o the_o triarii_n when_o the_o other_o two_o batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v at_o hot_a work_n with_o a_o enemy_n now_o the_o reason_n which_o lipsius_n give_v for_o this_o guess_n of_o he_o be_v as_o extravagant_a as_o the_o conjecture_n itself_o and_o i_o pray_v you_o hear_v it_o because_o say_v he_o the_o tribunes_z in_o the_o roman_a camp_n quarter_v all_o very_a near_o the_o praetorium_n or_o it_o and_o in_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o consul_n pavilion_n and_o therefore_o that_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n they_o shall_v all_o be_v beside_o or_o near_o the_o consul_n be_v a_o inference_n not_o worthy_a the_o young_a novitiate_v in_o logic_n for_o if_o this_o reason_n be_v valid_a than_o all_o the_o horseman_n shall_v have_v be_v embattel_v in_o the_o rear_n beside_o the_o triarii_n because_o in_o the_o camp_n they_o quarter_v all_o beside_o they_o as_o you_o shall_v hear_v afterward_o but_o since_o guess_v be_v in_o fashion_n why_o may_v not_o i_o guess_v too_o yes_o by_o lipsius_n his_o permission_n i_o think_v i_o may_v i_o shall_v lose_v but_o little_a my_o conjecture_n then_o shall_v be_v ground_v on_o two_o undeniable_a truth_n the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o tribune_n have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o conjecture_n the_o author_n conjecture_n horse_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o foot_n the_o second_o that_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v almost_o constant_o marshal_v in_o one_o wing_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o left_a one_o be_v ordain_v for_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o ally_n add_v a_o three_o truth_n to_o the_o other_o two_o that_o the_o horse_n have_v no_o officer_n to_o command_v they_o but_o decurion_n and_o these_o be_v independent_a one_o of_o another_o let_v we_o then_o allow_v one_o of_o the_o six_o tribune_n to_o command_v the_o horse_n in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v we_o order_n two_o experiment_a tribune_n to_o stay_v with_o the_o triarii_n and_o the_o other_o two_o to_o command_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o six_o with_o my_o consent_n shall_v fight_v with_o the_o hastati_fw-la if_o this_o conjecture_n of_o i_o please_v the_o reader_n as_o little_a as_o that_o of_o lipsius_n please_v i_o i_o shall_v not_o break_v my_o heart_n for_o the_o matter_n for_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o great_a disappointment_n as_o to_o any_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o infantry_n in_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n i_o find_v none_o vegetius_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n of_o some_o mean_a office_n bearer_n who_o perhaps_o in_o his_o time_n have_v some_o small_a allowance_n of_o pay_n more_o than_o ordinary_a but_o in_o polybius_n time_n and_o before_o it_o they_o be_v nothing_o but_o gregarii_fw-la milites_fw-la common_a soldier_n and_o we_o be_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n but_o with_o vegetius_n i_o shall_v speak_v a_o word_n of_o these_o mean_a office-beater_n tesserarii_n who_o receive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o clerk_n tesserarii_n what_o metatores_fw-la what_o mensores_fw-la what_o clerk_n tribune_n metatores_fw-la go_v before_o with_o the_o tribune_n to_o measure_v out_o the_o camp_n mensores_fw-la who_o in_o the_o field_n give_v the_o soldier_n ground_n for_o their_o hut_n and_o tent_n and_o their_o several_a lodging_n in_o town_n and_o village_n as_o our_o quartermaster_n and_o fouriers_n do_v librarii_n be_v petty_a clerk_n and_o scrivener_n who_o keep_v the_o account_n of_o pay_n proviant_a and_o donative_n all_o these_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v appoint_v and_o choose_v by_o the_o centurion_n remain_v still_o common_a soldier_n and_o change_v at_o their_o pleasure_n in_o that_o same_o chapter_n vegetius_n speak_v of_o ordinarii_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o pralio_fw-la primos_fw-la ordines_fw-la ducunt_fw-la who_o in_o battle_n say_v he_o lead_v the_o first_o order_n but_o here_o to_o i_o he_o be_v very_o obscure_a for_o ordines_fw-la may_v signify_v estate_n what_o ordinares_fw-la what_o which_o be_v not_o mean_v in_o this_o place_n ordines_fw-la signify_v centuriates_n and_o so_o casaubon_n in_o his_o translation_n of_o polybius_n use_v it_o and_o ordines_fw-la be_v very_o often_o take_v for_o both_o rank_n and_o file_n if_o vegetius_n have_v use_v ordines_fw-la here_o for_o centuriates_n then_o assure_o he_o will_v have_v say_v the_o ordinarii_fw-la be_v the_o principes_fw-la or_o of_o they_o for_o according_a to_o his_o account_n the_o principes_fw-la make_v the_o first_o batallion_n and_o so_o be_v primi_fw-la ordines_fw-la that_o be_v the_o first_o centuriates_n but_o if_o by_o ordines_fw-la he_o mean_v rank_n as_o all_o along_o he_o seem_v to_o do_v than_o his_o primi_fw-la ordines_fw-la or_o first_o rank_n be_v nothing_o but_o file-leader_n whereof_o indeed_o the_o centurion_n himself_o be_v one_o and_o the_o dignity_n he_o have_v be_v that_o he_o march_v and_o fight_v either_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n of_o his_o own_o centuriate_a as_o when_o two_o be_v join_v
right_a wing_n of_o the_o batallion_n so_o the_o five_o be_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n these_o five_o cohort_n make_v up_o the_o first_o acies_fw-la or_o batallion_n our_o author_n proceed_v and_o tell_v we_o the_o six_o cohort_n batallion_n the_o second_o batallion_n consist_v of_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o six_o horse_n in_o it_o must_v be_v those_o of_o the_o young_a year_n he_o mean_v the_o hastati_fw-la because_o the_o six_o cohort_n have_v its_o station_n behind_o the_o eagle_n and_o the_o ensign_n the_o seven_o cohort_n have_v in_o it_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o six_o horse_n the_o eight_o have_v as_o many_o but_o they_o must_v be_v courageous_a man_n because_o they_o keep_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o second_o batallion_n the_o nine_o consist_v of_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o horse_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ten_o but_o the_o soldier_n must_v be_v good_a warrior_n because_o they_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o batallion_n now_o you_o see_v the_o first_o batallion_n consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o ninety_o six_o horse_n and_o the_o second_o batallion_n of_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o seventy_o five_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o horse_n add_v these_o together_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n and_o so_o the_o legion_n be_v complete_o divide_v into_o these_o two_o batallion_n without_o reserve_n for_o a_o three_o body_n which_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v and_o he_o aver_v there_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n mark_v it_o of_o arm_a man_n in_o every_o legion_n a_o great_a sometime_o have_v be_v and_o for_o a_o corollary_n to_o this_o division_n of_o a_o legion_n he_o say_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n that_o there_o be_v in_o every_o legion_n fifty_o five_o centurion_n if_o any_o man_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o what_o he_o have_v say_v already_o he_o may_v read_v he_o in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n and_o there_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o hear_v he_o speak_v that_o same_o language_n with_o very_o little_a difference_n our_o author_n say_v by_o the_o example_n of_o one_o legion_n he_o will_v declare_v how_o the_o again_o the_o same_o thing_n over_o again_o field_n shall_v be_v marshal_v when_o a_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v fight_v the_o horse_n say_v he_o be_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o wing_n let_v we_o remember_v this_o the_o body_n of_o the_o foot_n say_v he_o begin_v to_o be_v order_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n where_o the_o first_o cohort_n be_v place_v to_o this_o be_v joyn'n_v the_o second_o cohort_n the_o three_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o batallion_n to_o it_o join_v the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n all_o say_v he_o that_o fight_v in_o this_o first_o batallion_n be_v call_v principes_fw-la and_o there_o he_o describe_v their_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a arm_n needless_a here_o to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o second_o battle_n say_v he_o be_v of_o the_o hastati_fw-la arm_v as_o the_o principes_fw-la after_o these_o be_v the_o light_n arm_v with_o plumbatae_fw-la sword_n bow_n and_o arrow_n slinger_n there_o be_v likewise_o who_o cast_v stone_n out_o of_o sling_n and_o batton-sling_n also_o darter_n who_o he_o say_v shoot_v arrow_n out_o of_o manubalist_n and_o arcubalist_n thereafter_o he_o tell_v we_o forget_v what_o he_o say_v but_o seven_o or_o eight_o line_n before_o that_o the_o second_o batallion_n o_o memory_n where_o be_v thou_o consist_v of_o hastati_fw-la and_o say_v he_o not_o remember_v he_o have_v tell_v we_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o batallion_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v place_v the_o six_o cohort_n to_o which_o be_v join_v the_o seven_o the_o eight_o keep_v the_o middle_a battle_n accompany_v with_o the_o nine_o and_o the_o ten_o cohort_n keep_v constant_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o batallion_n and_o so_o our_o author_n end_v that_o chapter_n thus_o we_o have_v twice_o in_o two_o several_a chapter_n the_o description_n of_o a_o full_a legion_n divide_v into_o ten_o cohort_n and_o these_o ten_o marshal_v in_o two_o batallion_n or_o class_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la without_o any_o mention_n forget_v triarâ—i_n forget_v of_o the_o triarii_n or_o leave_v room_n for_o they_o but_o in_o the_o sixteenth_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n as_o if_o some_o body_n have_v awaken_v he_o out_o of_o his_o dream_n he_o say_v after_o all_o these_o batallion_n the_o triarii_n be_v place_v arm_v with_o cataphract_n headpiece_n sword_n dagger_n semispathis_n two_o dart_n and_o lead-bullet_n weapon_n give_v to_o that_o class_n by_o none_o but_o himself_o these_o triarii_n say_v he_o kneel_v on_o one_o knee_n rest_v till_o the_o first_o battle_n remember_v at_o length_n remember_v chance_v to_o be_v beat_v they_o may_v renew_v the_o fight_n if_o any_o man_n think_v he_o have_v do_v well_o to_o remember_v the_o triarii_n at_o last_o who_o be_v the_o roman_n great_a strength_n i_o shall_v be_v content_a he_o enjoy_v his_o opinion_n provide_v he_o let_v i_o keep_v i_o which_o be_v that_o he_o need_v not_o now_o have_v mention_v they_o at_o all_o since_o he_o have_v already_o marshal_v his_o legion_n all_o the_o ten_o cohort_n of_o it_o and_o all_o the_o full_a number_n of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n complete_o without_o they_o whereof_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n in_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n velite_n velite_n of_o the_o fight_n the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la stand_v still_o and_o move_v not_o and_o the_o triarii_n kneel_v or_o sit_v for_o he_o speak_v of_o both_o posture_n till_o the_o light_n arm_v have_v skirmish_v and_o be_v beat_v in_o to_o the_o legionary_n and_o after_o the_o victory_n the_o heavy_a arm_v keep_v their_o ground_n and_o stand_v like_o a_o wall_n leave_v the_o pursuit_n of_o the_o rout_v enemy_n to_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o velite_n but_o i_o can_v find_v in_o my_o heart_n to_o part_v with_o vegetius_n till_o i_o see_v how_o he_o will_v marshal_v legion_n once_o more_o marshal_v yet_o be_v please_v to_o dispose_v of_o the_o triarii_n and_o i_o find_v he_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n begin_v de_fw-fr novo_fw-la to_o marshal_v the_o foot_n as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o speak_v one_o word_n of_o it_o before_o it_o be_v say_v he_o the_o law_n of_o embattel_v to_o place_v the_o old_a and_o experience_a soldier_n in_o the_o first_o order_n here_o he_o confound_v ordo_fw-la and_o acies_fw-la and_o these_o be_v call_v principes_fw-la in_o the_o second_o be_v the_o hastati_fw-la and_o then_o he_o speak_v of_o distance_n between_o the_o order_n whereof_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o interval_n the_o three_o order_n or_o body_n be_v of_o the_o swift_a velite_n as_o darter_n and_o the_o young_a archer_n the_o four_o be_v of_o the_o young_a archer_n good_a lord_n again_o young_a archer_n and_o these_o say_v he_o who_o repetition_n strange_a repetition_n be_v call_v lancier_n and_o be_v also_o call_v martiobarboli_n and_o be_v lead-caster_n if_o these_o beat_v the_o enemy_n say_v he_o they_o pursue_v he_o too_o but_o if_o they_o be_v beat_v they_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o first_o and_o second_o batallion_n suppose_v of_o heavy_a arm_v you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n love_v to_o refresh_v his_o reader_n memory_n well_o then_o the_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n fight_v before_o the_o first_o and_o second_o or_o any_o of_o they_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n in_o the_o five_o batallion_n our_o author_n place_n carrobalist_n slinger_n and_o batton-slingers_a but_o i_o must_v propose_v a_o question_n or_o two_o by_o the_o way_n first_o do_v the_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n both_o which_o as_o you_o see_v question_n two_o question_n he_o make_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o velite_n after_o they_o have_v fight_v with_o and_o be_v repel_v by_o a_o enemy_n retire_v only_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la or_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o army_n i_o suppose_v the_o last_o though_o vegetius_n through_o inadvertency_n say_v only_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o two_o first_o batallion_n for_o if_o so_o they_o â—ad_v undoubted_o obstruct_v very_o much_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o triarii_n or_o the_o retreat_n of_o both_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la my_o next_o query_n be_v why_o vegetius_n do_v not_o appoint_v the_o slinger_n and_o batton_n slinger_n to_o skirmish_v in_o the_o van_n as_o well_o as_o
protestant_a war_n in_o france_n 100_o year_n ago_o charles_n the_o nine_o and_o his_o brother_n henry_n the_o three_o they_o manage_v they_o at_o as_o small_a a_o expense_n as_o possible_o they_o can_v yet_o they_o oblige_v every_o man_n at_o arm_n to_o keep_v three_o horse_n two_o strong_a courser_n and_o one_o gelding_n every_o archer_n and_o light-horse-man_n two_o a_o good_a horse_n and_o a_o good_a nag_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v real_o think_v it_o strange_a how_o they_o can_v keep_v so_o many_o when_o i_o tell_v you_o what_o allowance_n of_o pay_n they_o have_v every_o man_n of_o arm_n have_v 45_o french_a livre_n in_o the_o month_n about_o three_o pound_n fifteen_o shilling_n sterling_a every_o archor_n and_o light-horse-man_n have_v thirty_o livre_n about_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n a_o captain_n of_o all_o three_o have_v five_o rider_n pay_v allow_v he_o the_o lieutenant_z four_z the_o cornet_n three_o and_o the_o quartermaster_n two_o very_o inconsiderable_a wage_n but_o assure_o they_o have_v either_o other_o shift_n or_o thing_n be_v at_o easy_a rate_n in_o france_n then_o than_o they_o have_v be_v since_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o first_o maximilian_n the_o second_o rodolph_n the_o second_o and_o mathias_n i_o find_v that_o the_o german_a establishment_n be_v curiassier_n old_a german_a company_n of_o horse_n particular_o curiassier_n that_o no_o ritmaster_n or_o captain_n of_o horse_n shall_v have_v any_o rider_n in_o his_o troop_n but_o gentleman_n and_o that_o every_o troop_n of_o curiassier_n shall_v consist_v of_o three-hundred_n rider_n many_o whereof_o be_v bind_v to_o maintan_n three_o serviceable_a horse_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n two_o at_o least_o and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o gentleman_n who_o keep_v either_o two_o or_o three_o horse_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o lusty_a fellow_n well_o horse_v in_o quality_n of_o a_o servant_n arm_v with_o a_o long_a gun_n wherewith_o they_o ride_v when_o command_v before_o the_o troop_n and_o fire_v on_o the_o enemy_n and_o immediate_o retire_v behind_o the_o troop_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o carabineer_n do_v these_o be_v equal_a in_o number_n to_o their_o master_n make_v up_o three_o hundred_o and_o resemble_v the_o french_a archer_n these_o dutch_a servant_n have_v the_o emperor_n pay_n or_o that_o of_o some_o german_a prince_n but_o their_o master_n receive_v it_o with_o their_o own_o nor_o have_v the_o master_n power_n to_o put_v away_o these_o servant_n or_o the_o servant_n to_o go_v from_o the_o master_n so_o long_o as_o the_o war_n last_v but_o if_o any_o difference_n arise_v between_o they_o it_o be_v void_v by_o the_o ritmaster_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o army_n these_o german_a company_n of_o horse_n have_v for_o officer_n a_o captain_n a_o lieutenant_n a_o cornet_n a_o quartermaster_n officer_n their_o officer_n and_o six_o corporal_n who_o they_o call_v ritmaster_n which_o be_v to_o say_v file-leader_n each_v whereof_o have_v fifty_o troop_n under_o his_o command_n two_o trumpeter_n there_o be_v likewise_o allow_v to_o every_o troop_n a_o priest_n a_o clerk_n a_o chirurgeon_n a_o dagmaker_n a_o saddler_n and_o a_o smith_n all_o these_o curiassier_n be_v arm_v for_o offence_n with_o two_o pistol_n a_o sword_n and_o a_o lance_n so_o long_o as_o this_o last_o be_v in_o fashion_n so_o if_o you_o will_v reckon_v all_o that_o belong_v to_o this_o german_a troop_n both_o master_n and_o those_o who_o attend_v they_o who_o be_v all_o oblige_a to_o fight_v you_o will_v find_v it_o consist_v of_o six_o hundred_o fight_a man_n and_o of_o nine_o hundred_o horse_n at_o least_o but_o since_o that_o time_n i_o have_v see_v four_o regiment_n in_o that_o same_o country_n who_o be_v not_o all_o of_o they_o together_o so_o strong_a in_o late_a time_n commission_n have_v be_v give_v for_o levy_v regiment_n free_a squad_n and_o troop_n but_o all_o regiment_n do_v not_o nor_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o alike_a time_n troop_n and_o regiment_n of_o those_o time_n number_n of_o company_n nor_o all_o company_n of_o alike_a number_n of_o rider_n nay_o not_o under_o one_o prince_n you_o shall_v see_v a_o lieutenant_n colonel_n have_v four_o troop_n in_o his_o squadron_n which_o he_o call_v free_a because_o he_o acknowledge_v no_o colonel_n or_o other_o commander_n under_o the_o major_a general_n and_o each_o of_o these_o troop_n to_o have_v fifty_o or_o sixty_o rider_n be_v oblige_v to_o have_v no_o more_o by_o their_o ritmasters_n capitulation_n you_o may_v see_v in_o that_o same_o army_n a_o regiment_n of_o six_o company_n each_o of_o seventy_o man_n another_o of_o eight_o troop_n each_o of_o fifty_o horse_n so_o little_o be_v a_o uniformity_n in_o equal_a number_n of_o troop_n or_o of_o horseman_n in_o every_o troop_n regard_v or_o look_v after_o i_o see_v one_o regiment_n in_o the_o sweedish_a service_n i_o may_v say_v one_o for_o i_o see_v not_o such_o another_o in_o any_o of_o their_o army_n in_o which_o be_v according_a to_o capitulation_n twelve_o troop_n each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o rider_n effective_o but_o four_o of_o the_o regiment_n of_o that_o army_n be_v not_o so_o strong_a as_o that_o regiment_n be_v alone_o troop_n squad_n and_o regiment_n of_o horse_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n be_v not_o cast_v into_o wedge_n or_o rhombs_n as_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a one_o be_v at_o which_o manner_n of_o figure_n aelian_a make_v his_o grecian_a company_n to_o be_v very_o dexterous_a the_o square_a front_n be_v now_o only_o in_o use_n the_o number_n of_o rank_n of_o either_o regiment_n or_o troop_n whether_o they_o be_v strong_a or_o weak_a be_v alike_o in_o all_o because_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o be_v alike_o in_o all_o and_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o this_o depth_n there_o have_v be_v great_a variance_n among_o those_o who_o assume_v to_o themselves_o the_o title_n of_o tactic_n who_o teach_v the_o rule_n of_o war._n many_o will_v have_v the_o file_n of_o horseman_n to_o be_v five_o deep_a other_o will_v not_o hear_v of_o opinion_n how_o deep_a horse_n shall_v be_v marshal_v difference_n of_o opinion_n that_o because_o thereby_o rank_n can_v double_v a_o objection_n which_o i_o have_v answer_v already_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o exercise_n other_o will_v have_v six_o because_o that_o admit_v double_v of_o rank_n but_o that_o be_v reject_v because_o if_o six_o deep_a be_v enough_o for_o the_o foot_n it_o will_v be_v too_o much_o for_o the_o horse_n there_o be_v other_o who_o will_v have_v every_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o consist_v of_o sixty_o and_o four_o rider_n and_o these_o be_v marshal_v eight_o deep_a and_o eight_o in_o front_n according_a to_o the_o square_a root_n make_v a_o perfect_a square_n of_o man_n and_o horse_n and_o this_o speculation_n seem_v very_o pretty_a but_o i_o root_n square_a root_n reserve_v my_o answer_n to_o it_o till_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o square_a root_n itself_o for_o the_o present_n let_v it_o suffice_v that_o if_o six_o deep_a be_v too_o many_o for_o a_o cavalry_n eight_o deep_a will_v be_v very_o far_o out_o of_o purpose_n the_o late_a earl_n of_o strafford_n as_o he_o appoint_v in_o his_o military_a instruction_n the_o foot_n to_o be_v eight_o deep_a so_o he_o order_v his_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o be_v four_o in_o file_n but_o universal_o now_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o low-countries_n the_o horse_n be_v marshal_v three_o deep_a without_o deep_a three_o deep_a regard_n to_o double_v of_o rank_n whereof_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o assure_o this_o of_o all_o other_o bring_v most_o hand_n to_o fight_v when_o you_o have_v know_v how_o deep_a the_o troop_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v up_o you_o shall_v cause_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o paper_n in_o what_o order_n you_o will_v marshal_v your_o horseman_n who_o you_o ordain_v to_o be_v leader_n and_o who_o bringer_n up_o and_o who_o for_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n file_n that_o all_o your_o rider_n may_v be_v place_v according_a to_o their_o dignity_n than_o it_o will_v be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o draw_v up_o your_o troop_n and_o for_o the_o major_a to_o draw_v up_o the_o regiment_n for_o be_v that_o all_o the_o horseman_n be_v arm_v alike_o there_o be_v no_o separation_n to_o be_v make_v of_o one_o part_n of_o the_o troop_n from_o another_o as_o there_o be_v of_o separate_v the_o pikemâ—n_n from_o the_o musqueteer_n in_o foot-company_n the_o major_a give_v every_o ritmaster_n his_o place_n of_o dignity_n according_a to_o his_o antiquity_n or_o commission_n and_o those_o interval_n be_v keep_v that_o be_v appoint_v the_o several_a troop_n be_v they_o few_o or_o many_o be_v very_o soon_o cast_v into_o the_o mould_n of_o a_o regiment_n in_o my_o discourse_n
of_o drill_v i_o say_v that_o in_o exercise_v a_o body_n of_o horse_n whether_o one_o troop_n or_o more_o some_o allow_v for_o order_n six_o foot_n some_z ten_o and_o for_o open_a order_n some_o allow_v twelve_o foot_n and_o some_o twenty_o other_o conclude_v six_o distance_n distance_n foot_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_n and_o file_n and_o file_v sufficient_a but_o in_o march_v there_o shall_v be_v the_o length_n of_o a_o horse_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_n but_o so_o much_o be_v not_o at_o all_o needful_a between_o file_n now_o it_o seem_v the_o german_n allow_v ten_o foot_n for_o the_o length_n of_o a_o horse_n in_o march_v and_o exercise_v as_o well_o as_o in_o their_o castrametation_n for_o when_o horse_n be_v orderly_o quarter_v in_o the_o field_n ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n be_v allow_v for_o a_o horse_n to_o stand_v on_o between_o his_o head_n and_o his_o tail_n but_o for_o all_o this_o i_o say_v six_o foot_n be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v in_o all_o motion_n of_o exercise_n as_o in_o wheeling_n which_o be_v the_o pope_a motion_n of_o the_o cavalry_n you_o can_v make_v it_o till_o your_o rank_n and_o file_n be_v at_o close_a order_n and_o in_o this_o motion_n of_o wheeling_n observe_v that_o the_o wheel_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o bridle_n hand_n be_v more_o proper_a than_o wheeling_n wheeling_n to_o the_o right_n observe_v also_o that_o after_o your_o body_n have_v wheel_v you_o be_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o first_o order_n by_o make_v the_o rank_n open_a which_o they_o must_v do_v by_o advance_v and_o not_o by_o step_v back_o as_o the_o foot_n do_v the_o strong_a the_o troop_n be_v it_o shall_v have_v the_o more_o corporal_n who_o begin_v now_o to_o be_v qualify_v with_o the_o title_n of_o brigadeer_n for_o it_o seem_v not_o proportionable_a for_o a_o troop_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o to_o have_v no_o more_o corporal_n than_o a_o troop_n of_o sixty_o or_o seventy_o yet_o for_o most_o part_n now_o all_o troop_n have_v a_o like_a number_n of_o officer_n and_o these_o be_v the_o captain_n or_o ritmaster_n the_o lieutenant_n the_o cornet_n the_o quartermaster_n three_o corporal_n or_o brigadeer_n two_o trumpeter_n some_o have_v three_o and_o some_o four_o a_o saddler_n and_o a_o smith_n and_o some_o allow_v a_o chirurgeon_n and_o a_o clerk_n many_o troop_n have_v no_o allowance_n for_o the_o last_o four_o though_o all_o four_o troop_n officer_n of_o a_o troop_n be_v very_o necessary_a in_o some_o place_n if_o a_o chirurgeon_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o regiment_n it_o be_v think_v very_o fair_a many_o ritmaster_n entertain_v a_o saddler_n and_o a_o smith_n in_o their_o troop_n allow_v they_o the_o pay_n of_o trooper_n and_o what_o benefit_n else_o they_o can_v make_v by_o their_o several_a trade_n but_o if_o all_o who_o ride_v in_o the_o troop_n be_v gentleman_n they_o will_v not_o permit_v these_o two_o mechanic_n to_o ride_v with_o they_o yet_o my_o opinion_n be_v since_o all_o who_o ride_v now_o in_o troop_n be_v not_o gentleman_n they_o may_v without_o any_o disparagement_n suffer_v a_o smith_n and_o a_o saddler_n to_o ride_v in_o rank_n with_o they_o be_v they_o be_v profitable_a member_n of_o that_o little_a commonwealth_n it_o be_v i_o think_v a_o oversight_n that_o a_o clerk_n be_v not_o allow_v for_o every_o company_n of_o horse_n for_o a_o quarter_n master_n have_v enough_o to_o do_v otherwise_o though_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o officiate_v for_o the_o clerk_n to_o receive_v the_o pay_n of_o the_o troop_n and_o give_v it_o out_o and_o keep_v the_o account_n of_o it_o unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o the_o pay_a money_n to_o a_o troop_n fall_v out_o so_o seldom_o that_o the_o receive_v it_o will_v be_v rather_o a_o divertisement_n than_o a_o trouble_n to_o the_o quartermaster_n have_v speak_v to_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o captain_n lieutenant_z and_o ensign-bearer_n of_o a_o foot_n company_n i_o have_v nothing_o to_o add_v to_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o ritmaster_n lieutenant_n and_o cornet_n but_o between_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o foot_n and_o horse_n there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o first_o have_v no_o command_n but_o the_o second_o have_v in_o horse_n quartermaster_n of_o horse_n other_o duty_n there_o be_v none_o but_o i_o shall_v tell_v the_o quatermasters_n of_o horse_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v skill_n in_o castrametation_n as_o much_o as_o the_o foot_n quartermaster_n have_v and_o rather_o more_o for_o the_o last_o look_v only_o to_o the_o regular_a quarter_a of_o man_n in_o the_o field_n the_o first_o to_o the_o quarter_a of_o both_o man_n and_o horse_n a_o corporal_n brigadeer_n corporal_n of_o brigadeer_n of_o horse_n shall_v have_v experience_n for_o he_o either_o assist_v the_o lieutenant_n in_o place_v and_o set_v the_o guard_n or_o he_o do_v it_o himself_o without_o his_o lieutenant_n he_o set_v the_o sentinel_n and_o see_v they_o relieve_v and_o order_n the_o patrovil_n which_o be_v round_n he_o be_v to_o ride_v in_o rank_n and_o if_o the_o troop_n march_v not_o in_o breast_n but_o in_o three_o several_a squadron_n than_o there_o be_v a_o corporal_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o every_o squadron_n but_o in_o absence_n of_o high_a officer_n corporal_n lead_v division_n so_o do_v they_o those_o party_n which_o they_o be_v to_o command_v if_o there_o be_v none_o to_o command_v above_o they_o when_o a_o troop_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o squadron_n they_o have_v not_o their_o denomination_n from_o the_o corporal_n or_o brigadeer_n but_o the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o captain_n squadron_n the_o second_o the_o lieutenant_n the_o three_o the_o cornet_n and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o four_o it_o be_v call_v the_o quartermaster_n when_o a_o troop_n march_v the_o troop_n march_v of_o a_o troop_n captain_n lead_v the_o first_o division_n the_o cornet_n with_o his_o standard_n the_o second_o the_o quartermaster_n lead_v the_o three_o and_o the_o lieutenant_n bring_v up_o yet_o some_o will_v have_v the_o elder_a corporal_n to_o lead_v the_o last_o division_n and_o the_o quartermaster_n to_o bring_v up_o on_o the_o lieutenant_n leave_v hand_n for_o which_o i_o see_v very_o small_a reason_n or_o rather_o none_o at_o all_o some_o french_a troop_n and_o we_o likewise_o have_v beside_o these_o officer_n who_o i_o have_v name_v a_o sub-lieutenant_n or_o under_o lieutenant_n who_o sub-lieutenant_n sub-lieutenant_n have_v no_o command_n in_o the_o lieutenant_n presence_n but_o in_o his_o absence_n he_o command_v over_o the_o cornet_n the_o french_a have_v likewise_o a_o guidon_n to_o who_o perhaps_o may_v guidon_n guidon_n answer_v he_o who_o in_o other_o place_n be_v appoint_v to_o carry_v the_o standard_n either_o in_o the_o cornet_n absence_n or_o when_o he_o please_v to_o appoint_v he_o to_o carry_v it_o as_o to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o regiment-staff_n of_o the_o cavalry_n they_o be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o of_o the_o foot_n and_o their_o duty_n be_v the_o same_o but_o now_o methinks_v i_o hear_v a_o trumpeter_n sound_v a_o call_n of_o trumpet_n and_o of_o trumpeter_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n that_o which_o i_o have_v now_o to_o add_v be_v trumpeter_n shall_v be_v skilful_a to_o sound_v all_o the_o trumpeter_n trumpeter_n point_n of_o war_n and_o in_o the_o field_n they_o shall_v seldom_o want_v their_o trumpet_n about_o they_o for_o sudden_a alarm_n and_o because_o they_o be_v frequent_o send_v to_o a_o enemy_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v both_o witty_a and_o discreet_a and_o must_v drink_v but_o little_a that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v rather_o apt_a to_o circumvent_v other_o than_o be_v circumvent_v they_o shall_v be_v cunning_a and_o wherever_o they_o be_v send_v they_o shall_v be_v careful_a to_o observe_v wary_o the_o work_n guard_n and_z sentinels_z of_o a_o enemy_n and_o give_v a_o account_n of_o they_o at_o their_o return_n to_o he_o who_o send_v they_o one_o trumpeter_n shall_v constant_o lodge_v where_o the_o standard_n quarter_n the_o german_a trumpeter_n assume_v to_o themselves_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o liberty_n and_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n set_v up_o trumpeter_n pretend_a privilege_n of_o the_o german_a trumpeter_n a_o republic_n of_o their_o own_o independent_a of_o that_o discipline_n by_o which_o the_o army_n of_o which_o they_o be_v member_n be_v govern_v they_o pretend_v to_o have_v their_o own_o law_n whereby_o they_o punish_v crime_n very_o severe_o especial_o such_o fault_n that_o any_o of_o their_o number_n commit_v against_o the_o article_n of_o war_n of_o that_o prince_n who_o they_o serve_v and_o endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v themselves_o from_o any_o punishment_n inflict_v by_o other_o than_o those_o of_o their_o own_o commonwealth_n if_o any_o trumpeter_n be_v abuse_v or_o disgrace_v whether_o by_o his_o own_o ritmaster_n or_o any_o other_o officer_n
and_o then_o they_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o of_o leader_n become_v bringers-up_a till_o another_o rank_n come_v behind_o they_o but_o i_o good_a the_o first_o not_o at_o all_o good_a will_v have_v this_o manner_n of_o fall_v off_o banish_v out_o of_o all_o army_n for_o in_o a_o great_a body_n it_o breed_v confusion_n and_o though_o in_o drill_v it_o may_v leisurely_o be_v do_v without_o any_o considerable_a disorder_n yet_o in_o service_n with_o a_o enemy_n where_o man_n be_v fall_v it_o procure_v a_o pitiful_a embarras_n and_o though_o it_o do_v not_o yet_o it_o ought_v to_o good_a the_o second_o good_a give_v way_n to_o a_o more_o easy_a way_n of_o fall_v off_o which_o be_v the_o second_o way_n i_o promise_v to_o tell_v you_o of_o and_o it_o be_v that_o i_o speak_v of_o of_o fall_v down_o by_o the_o interval_n of_o ground_n that_o be_v between_o file_n and_o this_o i_o will_v have_v constant_o do_v by_o turn_v to_o the_o left-hand_a after_o they_o have_v fire_v because_o after_o that_o musqueteer_n recover_v their_o match_n and_o cast_v about_o their_o musket_n to_o the_o left-side_n that_o they_o may_v charge_v again_o which_o they_o be_v a_o do_v while_o they_o fall_v off_o to_o the_o rear_n but_o â—est_n but_o not_o at_o all_o to_o fall_v off_o be_v â—est_n there_o be_v a_o three_o way_n for_o musqueteer_n to_o do_v service_n better_o than_o by_o any_o of_o these_o two_o and_o that_o be_v not_o to_o fall_v off_o at_o all_o but_o for_o every_o rank_n to_o stand_v still_o after_o it_o have_v give_v fire_n and_o make_v ready_a again_o stand_v the_o second_o advance_v immediate_o before_o the_o first_o and_o that_o have_v fire_v likewise_o the_o three_o advance_v before_o it_o and_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n do_v till_o all_o have_v fire_v and_o then_o the_o first_o rank_n begin_v again_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o by_o this_o way_n of_o give_v fire_n there_o can_v be_v the_o least_o confusion_n or_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o if_o officer_n be_v but_o half_a man_n there_o be_v another_o way_n of_o fire_v sometime_o practise_v that_o be_v by_o three_o rank_n together_o the_o first_o kneel_v the_o second_o stoop_v and_o the_o three_o stand_v these_o have_v fire_v the_o other_o three_o rank_n march_v through_o the_o first_o three_o and_o in_o the_o same_o posture_n fire_n likewise_o but_o here_o i_o shall_v desire_v it_o to_o be_v grant_v to_o i_o that_o which_o indeed_o be_v undeniable_a three_o three_o rank_n to_o fire_n at_o one_o time_n and_o then_o the_o other_o three_o that_o when_o the_o last_o three_o rank_n have_v fire_v the_o first_o three_o can_v be_v ready_a to_o fire_v the_o second_o time_n next_o fire_v by_o three_o rank_n at_o a_o time_n shall_v not_o be_v practise_v but_o when_o either_o the_o business_n seem_v to_o be_v desperate_a or_o that_o the_o body_n be_v so_o near_o that_o the_o pikeman_n be_v almost_o come_v to_o push_v of_o pike_n and_o then_o no_o other_o use_n can_v be_v make_v of_o the_o musket_n but_o of_o the_o butt-end_n of_o it_o i_o say_v then_o once_o not_o so_o good_a as_o all_o six_o rank_n to_o fire_n at_o once_o that_o this_o manner_n of_o six_o rank_n to_o fire_n at_o two_o several_a time_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v use_v for_o if_o it_o come_v to_o extremity_n it_o will_v be_v more_o proper_a to_o make_v they_o all_o fire_n at_o once_o for_o thereby_o you_o pour_v as_o much_o lead_n in_o your_o enemy_n bosom_n at_o one_o time_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o way_n at_o two_o several_a time_n and_o thereby_o you_o do_v they_o more_o mischief_n you_o quail_v daunt_v and_o astonish_v they_o three_o time_n more_o for_o one_o long_a and_o continuate_v crack_n of_o thunder_n be_v more_o terrible_a and_o dreadful_a to_o mortal_n than_o ten_o interrupt_v and_o several_a one_o though_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o ten_o be_v as_o loud_a as_o the_o long_a one_o but_o that_o i_o seem_v not_o to_o pass_v my_o word_n to_o you_o for_o this_o be_v please_v to_o take_v the_o authority_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o practise_v it_o at_o leipsick_a practise_a at_o leipsick_a the_o battle_n of_o leipsick_a where_o after_o he_o have_v fight_v long_o and_o that_o the_o saxon_a army_n on_o his_o left-hand_a be_v beat_v by_o the_o imperialist_n he_o cause_v the_o musqueteer_n of_o some_o of_o his_o brigade_n to_o fire_v all_o at_o once_o by_o kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v which_o produce_v effect_n conform_v to_o his_o desire_n if_o you_o ask_v i_o how_o six_o rank_n can_v fire_v all_o at_o one_o time_n and_o level_v their_o musket_n right_a i_o shall_v tell_v you_o the_o foremost_a three_o it_o how_o to_o do_v it_o rank_n must_v first_o be_v double_v by_o half_a file_n and_o then_o your_o body_n consist_v but_o of_o three_o rank_n and_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o first_o be_v kneel_v of_o the_o second_o stoop_v and_o of_o the_o three_o stand_v and_o then_o you_o may_v command_v they_o all_o to_o fire_n if_o you_o command_v your_o rank_n after_o they_o have_v fire_v to_o fall_v to_o the_o rear_n any_o of_o the_o two_o way_n already_o speak_v of_o though_o you_o take_v never_o so_o good_a heed_n you_o shall_v lose_v ground_n beside_o that_o it_o have_v the_o show_n of_o a_o retreat_n but_o by_o make_v the_o rank_n successive_o go_v before_o those_o which_o have_v fire_v you_o advance_v still_o and_o gain_v ground_n in_o this_o order_n shall_v dragoon_n fight_v in_o open_a field_n when_o they_o be_v mix_v off_o how_o dragoon_n shall_v fire_v and_o fall_v off_o with_o horse_n in_o this_o order_n also_o shall_v they_o fire_v and_o advance_v when_o they_o intend_v to_o beat_v a_o enemy_n from_o a_o pass_n but_o when_o they_o be_v to_o defend_v a_o pass_n a_o bridge_n or_o a_o straight_a they_o must_v then_o after_o fire_v fall_n off_o to_o the_o rear_n by_o march_v through_o the_o interval_n of_o their_o several_a file_n because_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v they_o have_v no_o ground_n whereon_o they_o can_v advance_v martinet_n the_o french_a marshal_n de_fw-fr camp_n tell_v we_o of_o another_o manner_n of_o fire_v different_a from_o all_o these_o that_o i_o have_v mention_v as_o thus_o of_o six_o rank_n of_o musqueteer_n he_o will_v have_v the_o first_o five_o to_o kneel_v the_o six_o to_o stand_v and_o fire_n first_o than_o the_o five_o to_o rise_v and_o fire_n next_o and_o consecutive_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v fire_v after_o which_o he_o will_v have_v the_o foremost_a five_o rank_n to_o kneel_v again_o till_o the_o six_o discharge_n if_o the_o service_n last_o so_o long_o by_o this_o way_n you_o can_v gain_v no_o ground_n and_o i_o think_v its_o very_a fair_a if_o you_o keep_v the_o ground_n you_o have_v for_o i_o conceive_v you_o may_v probable_o lose_v it_o and_o which_o be_v worse_o the_o rank_n which_o kneel_v before_o that_o which_o give_v fire_n may_v be_v in_o great_a fear_n of_o their_o friend_n behind_o they_o than_o of_o their_o enemy_n before_o they_o and_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o regard_n when_o man_n be_v give_v death_n to_o other_o and_o in_o expectation_n of_o the_o same_o measure_n from_o those_o who_o stand_v against_o they_o they_o be_v not_o so_o compose_v nor_o govern_v with_o so_o steady_a reason_n as_o when_o they_o be_v receive_v leisurely_o lesson_n in_o cold_a blood_n how_o to_o pour_v lead_n in_o their_o enemy_n bosom_n but_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o this_o in_o another_o place_n perhaps_o more_o than_o become_v a_o private_a person_n since_o i_o find_v that_o manner_n of_o give_v fire_n be_v practise_v in_o the_o french_a army_n by_o order_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n in_o the_o marshal_n of_o regiment_n brigade_n company_n and_o troop_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n commander_n must_v be_v very_o cautious_a when_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o enemy_n not_o to_o charge_v the_o ordinary_a form_n for_o if_o at_o that_o time_n you_o offer_v to_o introduce_v any_o new_a form_n wherewith_o your_o man_n be_v not_o acquaint_v you_o shall_v not_o fail_v to_o put_v they_o in_o some_o confusion_n than_o which_o a_o enemy_n can_v desire_v a_o great_a commendable_a new_a figure_n of_o battle_n commendable_a advantage_n if_o you_o have_v a_o new_a figure_n of_o a_o battle_n in_o your_o head_n be_v sure_a to_o accustom_v your_o company_n and_o regiment_n very_o often_o by_o exercise_n to_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o before_o you_o make_v use_v of_o it_o in_o earnest_n but_o by_o this_o let_v i_o not_o seem_v to_o put_v a_o restraint_n on_o any_o ingenious_a spirit_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o create_v new_a figure_n i_o think_v they_o shall_v be_v exceed_o cherish_v by_o prince_n and_o
horse_n make_v the_o rearguard_n behind_o which_o at_o a_o mile_n distance_n follow_v a_o strong_a party_n of_o command_v horse_n the_o baggage_n may_v be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n or_o body_n may_v be_v divide_v easy_o into_o several_a body_n if_o the_o general_n apprehend_v danger_n in_o they_o both_o it_o may_v march_v immediate_o after_o the_o train_n this_o great_a body_n may_v be_v very_o soon_o divide_v into_o either_o two_o or_o three_o several_a one_o and_o may_v march_v as_o many_o several_a way_n as_o the_o general_n please_v but_o true_o with_o submission_n to_o great_a commander_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o be_v divide_v unless_o the_o army_n itself_o divide_v if_o danger_n be_v in_o the_o van_n let_v it_o all_o stay_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v in_o the_o rear_n post_v away_o all_o the_o baggage_n to_o march_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n in_o a_o march_n the_o van_fw-mi if_o in_o both_o necessity_n will_v force_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n but_o my_o humble_a opinion_n be_v that_o without_o apparent_a danger_n it_o shall_v constant_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n for_o the_o disadvantage_n be_v but_o small_a that_o the_o brigade_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o van_n have_v and_o withal_o they_o have_v but_o their_o turn_n of_o it_o that_o they_o must_v wait_v very_o long_o at_o night_n till_o their_o baggage_n come_v from_o the_o rear_n it_o be_v but_o small_a i_o say_v if_o you_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o great_a prejudice_n the_o prince_n or_o state_n service_n suffer_v by_o have_v the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n which_o march_v in_o the_o rear_n benight_a be_v hinder_v by_o the_o baggage_n that_o be_v order_v to_o march_v before_o they_o two_o three_o sometime_o five_o hour_n whereas_o if_o that_o baggage_n have_v not_o be_v in_o their_o way_n they_o may_v have_v reach_v their_o quarter_n seasonable_o enough_o but_o there_o be_v a_o worse_a thing_n in_o it_o than_o that_o when_o upon_o the_o unexpected_a appearance_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o van_n the_o brigade_n that_o be_v in_o the_o rearguard_n be_v sudden_o call_v up_o they_o be_v not_o able_a â—â—_o advance_v for_o the_o unavoidable_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n that_o be_v before_o they_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o middle_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o infantry_n a_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o great_a gun_n and_o train_n and_o the_o general_n secretary_n and_o cabinet_n with_o his_o paper_n and_o for_o most_o of_o he_o and_o some_o of_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n coach_n especial_o if_o their_o lady_n be_v in_o they_o and_o there_o i_o think_v these_o shall_v constant_o march_v but_o my_o judgement_n be_v that_o all_o other_o baggage_n whatsoever_o belong_v to_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n according_a to_o that_o priority_n or_o precedency_n the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n have_v themselves_o in_o the_o march_n and_o these_o shall_v change_v every_o day_n that_o who_o be_v in_o the_o van_n one_o day_n may_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o next_o that_o all_o may_v participate_v equal_o of_o the_o ease_n or_o toil_n of_o a_o march_n be_v where_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_v shall_v be_v what_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o place_n where_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o of_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_a soldier_n who_o if_o they_o can_v be_v put_v in_o some_o secure_a or_o fortify_v place_n shall_v be_v bring_v forward_o though_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v borrow_v from_o the_o owner_n for_o that_o use_n and_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n shall_v be_v send_v as_o far_o from_o it_o as_o may_v be_v with_o a_o good_a guard_n or_o convoy_n when_o ground_n will_v permit_v the_o brigade_n of_o a_o army_n whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n to_o march_v in_o one_o breast_n or_o front_n there_o be_v a_o question_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n shall_v be_v keep_v between_o these_o brigade_n there_o be_v some_o who_o theoretical_o argue_v that_o the_o distance_n between_o two_o brigade_n both_o march_v in_o breast_n but_o the_o one_o behind_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v of_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n draw_v fight_v distance_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v up_o in_o front_n do_v possess_v because_o say_v they_o when_o one_o brigade_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o a_o large_a field_n where_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o be_v marshal_v the_o second_o brigade_n which_o follow_v can_v draw_v up_o in_o full_a breast_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o unless_o there_o be_v such_o a_o interval_n between_o they_o on_o their_o march_n as_o that_o i_o just_a now_o tell_v you_o of_o nor_o can_v the_o three_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o unless_o it_o have_v that_o same_o distance_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v when_o a_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o battel-order_n that_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v between_o brigades_n whereof_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n and_o so_o the_o second_o will_v have_v the_o less_o difficulty_n to_o marshal_v itself_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o but_o that_o can_v make_v i_o allow_v so_o much_o ground_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n as_o i_o willing_o do_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v to_o the_o reason_n produce_v against_o it_o i_o say_v to_o think_v that_o a_o brigade_n all_o in_o one_o breast_n and_o march_v direct_o behind_o another_o though_o at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n can_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n on_o the_o left_a examine_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n examine_v hand_n of_o another_o without_o some_o turn_n or_o wheel_v be_v a_o mere_a speculation_n and_o i_o say_v more_o let_v a_o brigade_n march_v in_o three_o squad_n at_o as_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o you_o will_v the_o second_o shall_v not_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o without_o some_o wheel_a and_o if_o a_o small_a body_n can_v do_v it_o much_o less_o can_v a_o great_a and_o practice_n will_v show_v the_o vanity_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n to_o any_o who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v it_o and_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o march_n of_o brigade_n in_o the_o field_n as_o i_o have_v do_v often_o than_o once_o this_o opinion_n than_o vanish_v unless_o they_o who_o follow_v it_o bring_v a_o better_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o hear_v but_o be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n what_o a_o inconvenience_n and_o that_o no_o small_a one_o the_o observe_v this_o rule_n will_v bring_v along_o with_o it_o in_o a_o march_n i_o speak_v still_o when_o brigade_n march_v all_o in_o one_o front_n one_o behind_o another_o at_o that_o rate_n there_o shall_v be_v such_o avast_o distance_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o last_o brigade_n shall_v not_o get_v up_o though_o it_o run_v which_o it_o shall_v not_o do_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v marshal_v but_o in_o a_o very_a long_a time_n which_o you_o will_v easy_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o you_o will_v with_o i_o make_v this_o computation_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n in_o this_o chapter_n to_o be_v in_o our_o army_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o strong_a than_o 1800_o man_n and_o therefore_o each_o of_o they_o must_v be_v 300_o in_o front_n allow_v four_o foot_n to_o every_o leader_n these_o 300_o leader_n possess_v in_o rank_n 1200_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o by_o this_o opinion_n which_o i_o combat_v must_v be_v allow_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o brigade_n march_v one_o after_o another_o in_o breast_n now_o in_o eight_o brigade_n there_o be_v seven_o interval_n seven_o time_n 1200_o foot_n make_v 8400_o every_o one_o of_o the_o brigade_n possess_v in_o deepness_n 36_o foot_n multiply_v 36_o by_o 8_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o brigade_n the_o product_n be_v 288._o add_v 288_o to_o 8400_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 8688_o foot_n so_o much_o distance_n there_o be_v from_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o brigade_n of_o foot_n to_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o eight_o and_o last_o take_v a_o view_n of_o our_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n each_o whereof_o shall_v consist_v inconvenient_a and_o find_v inconvenient_a of_o no_o more_o than_o 600_o be_v three_o deep_a each_o brigade_n have_v 200_o in_o front_n allow_v but_o three_o foot_n for_o every_o rider_n the_o front_n of_o each_o brigade_n possess_v 600_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o
parade_n how_o guard_n march_v to_o the_o parade_n company_n one_o two_o or_o three_o sometime_o out_o of_o a_o regiment_n as_o the_o duty_n seem_v to_o require_v these_o meet_v at_o the_o several_a captain_n tent_n or_o hut_n and_o after_o the_o drum_n have_v do_v beat_v the_o gathering_n the_o captain_n march_v with_o their_o several_a company_n in_o good_a order_n to_o the_o parade_a place_n of_o the_o regiment_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a army_n more_o ordinary_o to_o the_o last_o which_o be_v either_o a_o place_n appoint_v peculiar_o for_o it_o or_o be_v the_o forum_n or_o marketplace_n near_o the_o general_n lodging_n or_o pavilion_n here_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o according_a to_o the_o antiquity_n or_o precedency_n of_o the_o regiment_n to_o who_o they_o belong_v by_o either_o the_o major_a general_n or_o adjutant_n general_n of_o the_o foot_n at_o this_o parade_n shall_v all_o the_o major_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v as_o also_o one_o sergeant_n out_o of_o every_o company_n and_o most_o of_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n the_o company_n be_v marshal_v in_o breast_n the_o major_a or_o adjutant_n general_n call_v the_o major_n together_o to_o who_o he_o impart_v the_o several_a order_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o general_n which_o may_v and_o very_o oft_o do_v vary_v every_o night_n because_o they_o depend_v on_o emergency_n the_o major_n stand_v in_o a_o ring_n on_o major_n how_o the_o order_n and_o word_n be_v give_v to_o the_o major_n both_o hand_n of_o he_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n the_o first_o stand_v on_o his_o left_a hand_n in_o who_o ear_n he_o whisper_v the_o word_n and_o he_o whisper_v it_o to_o he_o who_o stand_v on_o his_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o successive_o till_o the_o young_a major_n deliver_v it_o to_o the_o major_a general_n if_o it_o be_v return_v right_o to_o he_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o send_v it_o about_o the_o other_o way_n as_o some_o will_v have_v but_o if_o the_o word_n be_v not_o deliver_v right_o to_o he_o than_o he_o give_v it_o to_o the_o major_n who_o stand_v on_o his_o right_a hand_n and_o so_o it_o be_v redeliver_v to_o he_o by_o the_o major_n who_o stand_v on_o his_o left_a hand_n not_o without_o a_o check_n to_o he_o or_o they_o by_o who_o inadvertency_n it_o be_v mistake_v this_o word_n for_o most_o part_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o town_n a_o country_n or_o a_o castle_n sometime_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a name_n of_o a_o man_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v a_o sentence_n as_o it_o please_v he_o who_o give_v it_o who_o be_v still_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a man_n may_v pass_v any_o sentinel_n without_o it_o in_o the_o night_n time_n but_o none_o shall_v pass_v the_o corpse_n de_fw-fr guard_n that_o common_a a_o abuse_n iâ—_n make_v it_o common_a be_v on_o the_o fortification_n unless_o they_o give_v the_o word_n and_o from_o the_o misunderstanding_n of_o this_o many_o gross_a abuse_n be_v commit_v as_o when_o servant_n or_o other_o mean_a person_n be_v send_v in_o the_o night_n time_n either_o into_o camp_n or_o town_n concern_v affair_n very_o lawful_a in_o themselves_o and_o have_v the_o word_n give_v they_o that_o they_o may_v pass_v the_o guard_n which_o shall_v not_o be_v suffer_v for_o if_o the_o business_n be_v necessary_a and_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o delay_n as_o the_o send_n for_o a_o physician_n apothecary_n chirurgeon_n or_o minister_n for_o sick_a or_o wound_a person_n in_o such_o case_n address_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o he_o who_o command_v over_o the_o whole_a guard_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o send_v a_o caporal_n or_o a_o gentleman_n of_o a_o company_n along_o with_o the_o person_n that_o be_v send_v who_o shall_v see_v he_o pass_v and_o re-pass_a without_o interruption_n when_o the_o major_a general_n impart_v his_o order_n to_o the_o major_n the_o sergeant_n of_o the_o parade_n shall_v make_v a_o ring_n at_o a_o good_a distance_n about_o they_o stand_v with_o their_o halberd_n order_v and_o this_o both_o to_o show_v with_o what_o respect_n order_n shall_v be_v give_v and_o receive_v as_o also_o to_o hinder_v any_o to_o come_v near_o and_o hearken_v to_o what_o be_v say_v or_o speak_v either_o to_o the_o major_n or_o among_o themselves_o after_o the_o major_n have_v do_v their_o business_n with_o their_o major_a general_n they_o camp_n where_o order_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o the_o m_o 〈…〉_o in_o foyes_n 〈…〉_o fie_v camp_n shall_v give_v both_o the_o order_n they_o have_v receive_v from_o their_o superior_n and_o their_o own_o to_o the_o several_a regiment_n and_o many_o think_v they_o shall_v do_v this_o at_o their_o own_o quarter_n beside_o the_o colour_n which_o i_o think_v be_v formal_a enough_o and_o may_v well_o enough_o be_v do_v but_o my_o humble_a opinion_n be_v they_o shall_v do_v it_o at_o the_o great_a parade_n and_o therefore_o i_o say_v before_o that_o at_o it_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o sergeant_n of_o every_o company_n there_o and_o the_o reason_n i_o give_v for_o my_o opinion_n be_v this_o that_o the_o several_a company_n that_o be_v to_o be_v send_v from_o that_o parade_n to_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o fortification_n there_o to_o keep_v watch_n may_v carry_v the_o word_n along_o with_o they_o and_o so_o not_o need_v to_o wait_v so_o long_o as_o for_o the_o major_n first_o to_o go_v home_o to_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o regiment_n and_o then_o give_v out_o his_o order_n and_o send_v they_o to_o the_o company_n that_o be_v on_o duty_n in_o several_a post_n and_o to_o anticipate_v that_o objection_n which_o i_o suppose_v will_v be_v make_v against_o my_o opinion_n that_o major_n be_v to_o give_v to_o the_o company_n parade_n all_o commissioned_n officer_n shall_v be_v present_a at_o a_o parade_n the_o order_n of_o the_o colonel_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o major_a general_n i_o say_v that_o at_o parade_n all_o colonel_n all_o field_n and_o commissionated_a officer_n shall_v be_v present_a for_o a_o parade_n be_v the_o exchange_n of_o officer_n neither_o shall_v any_o thing_n excuse_v their_o absence_n but_o indisposition_n or_o be_v on_o present_a duty_n and_o this_o be_v incumbent_n for_o officer_n to_o do_v wherever_o the_o parade_n be_v whether_o in_o camp_n or_o garrison_n when_o the_o major_n give_v order_n to_o his_o sergeant_n he_o do_v it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o major_a general_n do_v to_o the_o major_n and_o shall_v have_v a_o ring_n of_o musketeer_n about_o he_o to_o hinder_v any_o to_o approach_v or_o hearken_v unless_o they_o be_v commissionated_a officer_n of_o that_o regiment_n who_o may_v be_v within_o the_o ring_n and_o may_v hear_v but_o ought_v not_o to_o speak_v while_o the_o major_n be_v discourse_v to_o the_o sergeant_n after_o order_n and_o the_o watchword_n be_v give_v every_o captain_n march_v divide_v how_o the_o post_n be_v divide_v to_o that_o post_n that_o be_v appoint_v he_o and_o that_o appointment_n be_v make_v two_o way_n either_o as_o the_o major_a general_n please_v in_o send_v company_n several_a night_n to_o several_a post_n and_o not_o constant_o to_o one_o or_o it_o be_v do_v by_o billet_n the_o way_n thus_o the_o name_n of_o the_o several_a post_n be_v write_v in_o several_a paper_n they_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o hat_n and_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o major_n who_o according_a to_o the_o billet_n they_o draw_v send_v their_o captain_n to_o their_o post_n and_o this_o indeed_o be_v the_o best_a way_n for_o it_o save_v the_o major_a general_n from_o suspicion_n of_o partiality_n and_o do_v a_o more_o general_a good_a than_o that_o for_o it_o prevent_v treachery_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o camp_n garrison_n town_n or_o castle_n after_o the_o watch_n be_v set_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v permit_v to_o any_o whether_o he_o be_v guard_n no_o officer_n or_o common_a soldier_n shall_v go_v from_o his_o guard_n officer_n or_o common_a soldier_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a to_o leave_v his_o post_n unless_o sickness_n occasion_n it_o neither_o indeed_o shall_v a_o officer_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o he_o be_v by_o absent_v himself_o give_v example_n for_o soldier_n to_o desert_n their_o post_n those_o officer_n who_o do_v it_o shall_v be_v exemplary_o censure_v yet_o for_o most_o part_n this_o piece_n of_o discipline_n be_v neglect_v which_o too_o often_o encourage_v a_o enemy_n to_o make_v attempt_n which_o perhaps_o otherwise_o he_o will_v forbear_v true_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o hear_v what_o excuse_n i_o have_v hear_v in_o more_o place_n of_o the_o world_n than_o one_o and_o none_o more_o ordinary_a than_o for_o a_o officer_n to_o say_v i_o be_v no_o long_o from_o my_o guard_n than_o i_o be_v take_v my_o dinner_n and_o supper_n at_o my_o lodging_n if_o officer_n will_v dine_v or_o sup_v in_o their_o corpse_n the_o