closed by signes declare my loue and alleageance towards you Whereupon Caesar receiued him to grace and would not any further proceeding against his honor and without doubt there is no such glorie to the renowne of a souldier as honorable skarres atchieuements of many battels according to that noble saying of Marius Non possum fidei causa imagines neque triumphos aut consulatus maiorum ostentare at sires postulat hastas vexillum phaleras alia militaria dona praeterea cicatrices aduerso corpare Hae sunt meae imagines haec mea nobilitas non haereditate relicta vt illa illis sed quae ego plurimis meis laboribus periculis quaesiui doctus sum hostem ferire praesidia agitare nihil metuere praeter turpem famā hyemem aestatem iuxta pati humi requiescere eodem temporeinopiam laborem tollerare hijs ego praeceptis milites hortabor neque illos arctè colam me opulentér neque gloriam meam laborem illorum faciam hoc est vtile hoc ciuile imperium I cannot make true declaration of the images triumphes and consulships of my progenitors but if neede require I can bring forth launces and ensignes caparisons and other martiall honours bestowed vpon me for my deserts in warre and wounds which I receiued vpon my bodie in conflict with enemies These are my images this is my nobilitie not left by inheritance as other men haue had their honours but these my dignities haue I with my many labours and perils sought attained I haue learned how to wound mine aduersarie to raise Garrisons to stand in feare of nothing but of bad report to beare with patience cold and heat alike to sleepe and rest my wearie car case vpon the ground at one time to tollerate hunger thirst and labour with these perils will I persuade my souldiers neither will I straiten them or see them euill intreated when I haue plentie my selfe neiwill I make their labours my glory this is a profitable and ciuill Empire And these obseruations by the patterne of noble Marius will hearten and encourage Generals and captaines vnto true discipline and vertues These and such qualities of the like heroicall nature made the Romanes victorious inciting and pricking vp their souldiers to paines and valour Neither would these renouned Romane Generals as I haue partly noted elsewhere oppresse or deale extremely with any people whom they conquered but they did repute it to be their greatest maiesty to prohibit iniuries and not to suffer any man by wicked meanes to dilate his Empire Besides for discipline because it is one speciall thing which should be remembred and I haue in diuers places mentioned the same being a thing so necessary to be cōsidered that without it the fight or battels where euill instructed souldiers are is more like to Latrociny then true warre Horsemen in confused troupes without order or true direction of their Guydes Cornets foot-men intermingled with them not knowing how to draw themselues into rankes and fyles by due forme order of battell but many times at vnawares wounding slaughtering and mayming one another striking their enemies behind their backes without honourable respect like brute beasts and sauages and finally leauing themselues a spoyle and shame to their enemies their children and posteritie slaues to forreners their Countrey the inheritance of ambitious and vnsatiable vsurpers besides a perpetuall record of shame in all Hystories insuing How needfull therefore it is for Captaines to see their souldiers well armed well practized in vse of Armes and well disciplined concerning their behauiour in the warres is most apparant when after a field by such negligence and confusion lost they shall see their virgins and daughters rauished and deflowred their male-children captiued or murdered some of them violently torne from the bosomes imbracements of their parents the mothers of children and of Families in presence of their owne husbands violently exposed and prostituted to the reasonlesse wills and lustes of the Conquerers their Churches holy things houses and treasures to bee spoyled and borne away before their eyes murther and fire to rage euery where in their desolate townes and cities lastly no place of their countrey to be free from Armes dead corpses blood and lamentation euery where scattered Which things being so certaine and well considered how needfull it is to discipline instruct and incourage souldiers in the loue and ready practise of armes and of true valour is most euident and ought to be the principall care of all heroycall Captaines which should neuer cease either meditating or practising to make their souldiors vnder their charge so perfect resolute obedient and valiant as nothing may be thought to them on earth impregnable And albeit the fortune of war consisteth alwayes vpon difficult and vncertaine termes yet most certaine it is that true valour mingled with absolute discipline in souldiers maketh a tryumphant Monarchie For what more excellent spectacle can there be to them that are Lordes and conquerors through their good disposition and gouernment then in the open fieldes to pursue their enemies in slight to wound slaughter and captiuate them to see their horses with the riders distressed to see many of them which haue receiued wounds neither to find chirurgerie nor meanes of escape some of them desparately to resist and presently to fall downe lastly to see the whole Campe couered with weapons armor and dead bodies and the ground dyed into purple with their enemies blood All which noble obiects and incouragements come onely by good discipline But for somuch as true fortitude which is lincked in the golden armelet of other Morall vertues and participateth with the rest is one and the noblest Counsellor and executioner of all the worthie designes of a prudent Generall I will therefore deliuer the members of that principle in moralitie Fortitude is an affection or habite of the minde which vndergoing all honorable dangers labours and mischieous hazards considerately represseth feare and wrath the corporall enemies of it are sicknesse and pouertie mentall opposites disgrace iniurie rebuke it holdeth at defiance death dolour and feare He therefore that is truely valiant sheweth himselfe to be more than a man as Seneca seemeth to witnesse Quemcunque miserum videris hominem scias Quemcunque fortem videris miserum neges Those that are vext with miseries are men They that are valiant feele no miseries The extreames of fortitude are temeritie and timerousnesse rashnesse attempteth perils inconsiderately which without mature consultation and in a blind force not respecting abilitie to performe rusheth into dangerous actions either through ignorance pride desperation stupiditie pusillanimitie or some foolish ambition of vaine glory which mancipateth the minde whereas feare contrarily being vtterly voyd of reason or counsell will bee sodainly peirced with the terrible bruit and vnexpected noyse of any thing vpon which true valor ought to giue charge and folke of such a leaden temper inclyning so much to the blinde loue of
change the watch-word at his pleasure Hee declareth his opinion to the Leiutenant vpon any enterprise what number of horse and foot are competent therefore that they may be by the Coronels chosen out for the execution of any designe the the Lord Leiutenant giuing direction who shall haue the generall charge of such seruice All intelligence brought by the scurriers or pyoners taken in espiall or neere the campe are first brought vnto the Lord high Marischall and by him made knowen vnto the Lord Leiutenant and that the Lord Marischall may be the readier found out one of his pages beareth before him a coroneâ—… of his armes or deuise It resteth in his iudgement to determine of all prisoners taken which are forfeited forthwith vnto him if they that surprise them do not presently present them to his Lordship which likewise are punished at his discretion the third part of all booties got is his by right of that office He likewise prouideth that the slaughters of beasts and other easements of the souldiers be not made to the annoyance of the Campe seeing that euery souldier pay for his victuals that he taketh looking that all such prisoners as are committed to the Marischalsie be well vsed punishing quarrellous or mutinous persons theeuish souldiers treasons according to the lawes of armes in that case prouided which are by direction from him faire written in articles and fixed vpon the Marischalsies gate or on some other more conspicuous place in the campe or quarter so that they may be generally published From him proceed all proclamations by voyce of Herauld with a trumpet in the Lord Leiutenants name He seeth the watches as captaines rounders centrenels to stay their due times vntill their drums or triumpets discharge their watches he looketh that quietnesse and silence be kept in the campe vpon setting of the great watch after the warning peece be discharged through him are all honourable and dishonorable actions and exploits of persons to their immortall shame or good fame recorded in perpetuall historie for example he likewise accompaned with the Coronels Generall of horse and foote with the master of the Ordinance and Sergeant maior vieweth the ground where most aduantage in their discreet iudgements may be found for placing or abiding with their troupes on horse and foot and for the most auaileable planting of their Artillerie with such cunning lures as may bring forward the enemies being neere to that place of aduantage In time of battell he serueth on foot with the Sergeant maior when the campe shall moue his trumpet giueth the summons by notice thereof all other trumpets soone after sound a flourish at the L. Leiutenants lodging to the discharge He likewise towards the assieging of any cities or forts appointeth what strength of men and munition what numbers of horse foot are required for he taketh first a perfect view of the place and then prescribeth a forme how to plant the campe with most aduantage against it setting downe where the trenches must be made hauing acquainted first the Lord Leiutenant therewith He directeth the campe-master in his forme and order of encamping and what number of campes should bee made in euery quarter instructing likewise the trench-master in the maner breadth and depth of his trenches for the most safetie towards battery by night or otherwise considering what flancks or buttresses may conueniently be taken away and if they be flanked where they may soonest and safest approach what course best serueth in case they cannot get entrance by plaine meanes to distresse their flanckes by minings or counterminings if the ground will serue if not so then by scaladoes or stratagems of strange excellent deuise with other meanes which haue been or may be done with most commendation and securitie for such a purpose Beatus Rhenanus thinketh that Mariscallus is called of Marca an old word signifying a horse Budaeus calleth them Marischals quasi maiores Iudges sitting on horse-back The office of Marischals according to Vincentius Lupanus is castris locum eligere ac milites in officio continere in quos vitae necis potestatem habent To choose a place for lodging of the Armie to keepe the souldiers in order and office ouer whose liues and deaths they haue power The knowledge and persecution of militarie crymes likewise the doome of punishment of out-lawes and of such souldiors as without honest and lawfull leaue depart the Campe and are not present at musters and times limited vnto them also the defaults of scoutes escurriers espials traytors fugitiues watch breakers such as forsake the spoyle sacke hauocke with all actions personall of souldiors in priuate quarrels are censured by the Marischal in our warres as in France by the Constable who hath caryed before him a sword with a point fashioned like a Lillie The office of the Coronell generall on foote disposeth his Armies by direction from the Lord Leiutenant into competent battels according to the grosse number he directeth the Captaines in their charge what and how many long or short weapons in euery Band or Companie they should haue in what forme order the armies must march which the sergeant maior by direction from him seeth performed From him is a scroll sent to the gouernours of euery battell containing their seuerall charges hee certifieth the remouals of Campes vnto them for the more readinesse of souldiers by the sound of drums or trumpets all armies being distributed into Regiments of Battels are with their Coronels vnder his command Vpon any seruice he ioyneth in directions with the L. Marischall in choise of the ground and his place of seruice is in the middest of the battell with the L. Generall Ouer all our English battels there are Gouernors appointed which are at command vnder the Coronell generall or his Leiutenant These Gouernours appoint euery captaine to send his Harbenger vnto the Campe-master to take notice of the place and order of their quartering or if in Campe of their Tentpitching declaring where how the souldiers should make Cabbines foreseeing withall that they doe not hastily nor confusedly come into their quarters but take their places orderly and ciuilly being directed by their Harbingers His Leiutenant looketh to the Captaines of the watch the Rounders and the Centrenels to fit themselues to their dueties by direction from the Lord Marischall If any foot-spiall be taken by them him they bring to the L. Marischall to the Coronell Generall or to the L. Leiutenant himself The Leiutenant Coronell vpon seruice taketh place in the vaward with the Sergeant maior His speciall care which bindeth him in the same termes with the L. Leiutenant generall is to see that his souldiers vnder his charge proue not effeminate impatient of paines and perill that they shew not more valour in words then weapons that they spoyle not their owne fellowes in Armes that they leaue not themselues open for a praie to the enemie without discipline order gouernment
modestie that they set keepe their watches like good souldiors after the course of warre that they neither forsake nor withdraw themselues from their colours without leaue that the stragglers boyes s◅uls and slaues attempt not to march or intermingle the rancks troupes or battels confusedly by night or day that the souldiors waste not no◅tread down the corne lands and meadowes if they may be benefitted thereby that they be not suffered negligently to driue heards and flocks of cattell and prisoners before them disorderly but that they keepe in the reare with the carriages that they doe not exchange them with merchants victuallers of the campe for money to buy bread and wine dayly that they suffer no shame of sloath and luxurie to dishonor their Armies these are the speciall means for euery Coronell generall to reforme bad souldiors Likewise it is his office carefully to prouide skilfull and painfull Chirurgions for his wounded souldiors and hurt men to reward and giue honor to men of worth and desert in the warres according to the custome of warre after the field fought by sommons of his d◅umme maior to assemble the remainder of his Armie and there in open assembly with very good tearmes and cheerefull behauiour to giue thankes and commendation to them that had fought the field to exhort them that they beare themselues alwayes of a valiant spirit well affected one towards another and that the glorie of that dayes seruice should maintaine a continuall courage in them for any battell whensoeuer oportunitie should require that they should willingly receiue the spoyles of their enemies according to the discretion and direction of the Lord Leiutenant in all equ◅litie and that he did onely looke for labour in steed of his reward The Coronell generall of horse receiueth from the L. Leiutenant a roll of all the seruiceable horse in field His office is to direct and distribute the Lances light horses Argolitiers pistoliers carbin◅s and such like into troupes ordered for battell he signifieth to the Corne◅ of euery troupe when any remouall is which after the flourish of Trumpets auance foorth to march when he commandeth such of them as watch the first night are first placed in Campe or Quarter It is in him to send foorth auant curriers for aduertisement hee placeth a strong troupe of horse in the reare of all the battels to see there be not stragglers or carriages left behinde for a praie to the enemies and that those his Caualliers dismount not till the Campe be lodged or quartered By consent of the L. Leiutenant hee setteth forth what number of the horse is fit vpon any present seruice he seeth the scoutes foorth before night the scurriers placed in the day time vpon the mountaines and at night in the valleys for their better sight at all times these in darke nights if the winde be so great that they cannot either heare or see doe dismount and making holes in the ground listen if they can heare the beating of horse hoofes which if any be neere they shall soone perceiue and vpon notice doe giue warning to the foote Centrenels which with allarme giuen to the Campe set all in readinesse His Lieutenants office is to take care how all such as are destined to watch giue attendance vnto the L. Marischall or to his prouost for directiōs He seeth in the morning that no man leaue his watch vpon paine of death before the scurriers be returned to the Campe receiued their places In time of battell he prouideth to answer troupe for troupe of the enemies and to fit himselfe by proportion against them all and if percase his power be to weake then doth he succour his horses by wood strait hill water or neighbouring villages for his more reliefe and refuge He determineth what number shall giue charge vpon the enemie where and how many soldiers to place in time of need for their rescue Euery Coronell doth as he willeth attend the Campe-master for his quarter and for decent and orderly comming thereto his place is vpon seruice in front to the pikes of his chiefe battell The Campe-master receiueth a roule of the whole armies horse and foot and by the L. Marischals consent prouideth limiteth the Campe according to the multitude deuiding the ground into so many regiments or battels of foot and horse as is requisite betwixt euery battell making a large street or space of 80. feet breadth at the least Hee placeth euery Generall of each regiment according to his degree in the middest of his regiment so that the porch of his tent may open into the place of assembly euery captaine hauing his souldiers cabbines so seated and limited vpon the backeside of his owne tent in little lanes and streets not aboue eight foot breadth and in forme of a citie so that they may readily find recourse into the great street or place of assembly when allarmes are giuen He deuiseth a great open court or spacious square within which the L. Lieutenants tent is pitched with all his officers about him vpon the right hand thereof the L. Marischals tent the Coronell generall on the left with other counsellors according to their degrees places all opening into the place of assembly where the master of the ordinance with all his carriages and Artillerie remaineth Neere to this there must a place of necessitie be intrenched forthwith for preseruation of the powder aswell from danckenesse as from all daunger of fire Also the prouant and carriagemasters with all their victuals carriages haue places there Within the virge of the Campe he doth appoint what ground of aduantage shall serue for planting the Ordinance and that all carriages which shall come in may make their repaire to the precincts for the Campes defence the precinct or virge of the Campe being distended seuenscore foot at least from all tents and cabbines He seeth vpon euery remoueall that such watches as must serue for that night be first placed for their ease making themselues ready for the remoue and in like sort all the horse A spacious street of seuenscore foot at the least must deuide the horse quarter from the foot through which their horses may with ease passe to watering and forrage A place of assembly likewise euen as in the foot quarter should be made there that the troupes may with ease come forth vpon present seruice He likewise appointeth what number of horses must attend euery foot battell according to their places with other Gouerners euen as the foote were sauing that the small streets in their horse quarter must be twentie foure foot wide at the least the Coronell generall hauing chief place in the midst as before his tent opening semblably to the place of assembly Neere him the Scoutmaster next to the Coronell of horse forsomuch as their offices require a reciprocall vicinitie their carriages fencing or impailing the Campe together with the footcarts as aforesaid all the captained likewise with the Cornets of