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the_o ancient_a name_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarij_fw-la which_o ramus_n in_o his_o militia_n julij_fw-la caesaris_fw-la urge_v to_o be_v omit_v throughout_o the_o whole_a history_n i_o grant_v they_o be_v seldom_o use_v in_o these_o commentary_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o their_o first_o institution_n for_o the_o hastati_fw-la when_o the_o discipline_n be_v first_o erect_v be_v the_o young_a and_o poor_a of_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n the_o principes_fw-la be_v the_o lusty_a and_o able_a body_a man_n and_o the_o triarij_fw-la the_o elder_a and_o best_a experience_v but_o in_o caesar_n camp_n there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o difference_n either_o of_o valour_n or_o year_n between_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la or_o triarij_fw-la which_o he_o name_v prima_fw-la secunda_fw-la and_o tertia_fw-la acies_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v never_o term_v by_o those_o name_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o difference_n notwithstanding_o in_o regard_n of_o order_n and_o degree_n of_o discipline_n that_o
the_o battle_n retire_v to_o a_o hill_n the_o roman_n follow_v after_o and_o the_o battle_n be_v continue_v the_o helvetian_n be_v sore_o trouble_v with_o the_o roman_a pile_n caesar_n which_o stick_v so_o fast_o in_o their_o shield_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o pull_v they_o out_o nor_o to_o use_v their_o target_n to_o any_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o after_o a_o wearisome_a toil_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o cast_v they_o away_o and_o to_o hazard_v their_o nakedness_n upon_o agility_n and_o readiness_n then_o to_o betray_v their_o life_n with_o a_o unmanageable_a weapon_n but_o at_o length_n faint_v with_o wound_n they_o begin_v to_o give_v place_n and_o make_v their_o retreat_n to_o a_o hill_n not_o far_o off_o the_o better_a to_o save_v themselves_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o roman_n lorraine_n the_o hill_n be_v take_v and_o the_o legion_n follow_v on_o to_o drive_v they_o from_o thence_o the_o rearguard_n of_o the_o helvetian_n which_o be_v the_o boy_n and_o tulingi_n consist_v of_o 15000_o man_n stand_v ready_a at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n to_o charge_v the_o roman_n in_o flank_n and_o to_o environ_v they_o round_o about_o which_o the_o helvetian_n no_o soon_o perceive_v but_o they_o return_v and_o begin_v a_o fresh_a from_o the_o hill_n to_o renew_v the_o battle_n and_o so_o the_o legion_n be_v set_v upon_o both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_n at_o one_o instant_n to_o remedy_v this_o difficulty_n conversa_fw-la signa_fw-la bipartito_fw-la intulerunt_fw-la say_v the_o history_n the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n fight_v against_o the_o helvetian_n that_o return_v from_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o three_o battle_n turn_v themselves_o to_o bear_v the_o assault_n of_o the_o rearward_n which_o stand_v ready_a to_o enclose_v they_o about_o and_o to_o charge_v they_o on_o the_o back_n and_o here_o the_o fight_n be_v doubtful_a and_o vehement_a for_o a_o long_a time_n until_o at_o length_n they_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n part_n of_o they_o flee_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o rest_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o place_n where_o their_o baggage_n and_o impediment_n be_v lodge_v and_o hitherto_o here_o be_v not_o one_o man_n see_v to_o have_v turn_v his_o back_n in_o all_o the_o conflict_n although_o the_o fight_v continue_v from_o the_o seven_o hour_n until_o the_o evening_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o ensign_n of_o the_o roman_n roman_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o chief_a ensign_n of_o every_o legion_n be_v a_o eagle_n which_o always_o attend_v upon_o the_o primipile_n or_o chief_a centurion_n of_o the_o say_a legion_n the_o ensign_n of_o a_o maniple_n be_v either_o a_o hand_n or_o a_o dragon_n a_o wolf_n or_o a_o sphinx_n as_o it_o appear_v beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o history_n by_o the_o column_n of_o traiane_n in_o rome_n wherein_o the_o ensign_n be_v figure_v with_o such_o purtraiture_n so_o that_o these_o ensign_n resemble_v the_o proportion_n of_o live_a creature_n have_v their_o fore_a part_n always_o carry_v that_o way_n which_o the_o legion_n be_v to_o march_v or_o where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v and_o therefore_o in_o this_o history_n by_o the_o aspect_n and_o carry_v of_o the_o ensign_n the_o front_n of_o the_o army_n be_v common_o note_v as_o in_o this_o the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o the_o helvetian_o place_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o hill_n whither_o the_o helvetian_n have_v make_v their_o retreat_n and_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o three_o battle_n look_v a_o other_o way_n towards_o the_o boij_n and_o tulingi_n which_o stand_v of_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n by_o which_o be_v signify_v how_o the_o legion_n be_v divide_v to_o resist_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o double_a encounter_n the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n day_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v not_o the_o same_o division_n of_o the_o day_n as_o we_o common_o do_v for_o they_o divide_v their_o artificial_a which_o be_v the_o space_n between_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v into_o 12_o equal_a part_n which_o the_o astronomer_n call_v unequal_a or_o planetary_a hour_n the_o first_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n begin_v always_o at_o sun_n rise_v the_o six_o hour_n be_v always_o high_a noon_n and_o the_o twelve_o hour_n be_v sun_n set_v and_o as_o the_o day_n wax_v long_a or_o short_a so_o these_o hour_n be_v either_o great_a or_o less_o neither_o do_v they_o agree_v with_o equal_a or_o equinoctial_a hour_n such_o as_o be_v now_o use_v but_o only_o at_o the_o acquinoctium_n so_o that_o by_o this_o manner_n of_o reckon_n ab_fw-la hora_fw-la septima_fw-la ad_fw-la vesperum_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o battle_n begin_v about_o one_o of_o the_o clock_n according_a to_o our_o computation_n and_o continue_v until_o the_o evening_n the_o like_a we_o must_v understand_v throughout_o this_o whole_a history_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n chap._n x._o the_o helvetian_n continue_v their_o fight_n at_o the_o carriage_n but_o at_o length_n they_o leave_v the_o field_n and_o march_v towards_o langiers_n the_o like_a courage_n be_v also_o show_v on_o either_o side_n at_o their_o baggage_n caesar_n the_o place_n be_v fortify_v with_o cart_n and_o wagon_n in_o steed_n of_o a_o rampire_n which_o so_o trouble_v the_o roman_n that_o they_o can_v not_o win_v it_o until_o it_o be_v late_o in_o the_o night_n for_o the_o helvetian_n be_v fence_v with_o their_o carriage_n so_o gall_v the_o legion_n with_o dart_n and_o tavelin_n under_o the_o chariot_n and_o from_o between_o the_o wheel_n that_o the_o victory_n be_v not_o easy_o achieve_v at_o last_o be_v able_a no_o long_o to_o resist_v they_o leave_v the_o place_n and_o march_v all_o that_o night_n without_o any_o intermission_n and_o the_o four_o day_n they_o come_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o langiers_n lingones_n be_v about_o 230000_o that_o escape_v in_o the_o battle_n the_o observation_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n and_o look_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o their_o overthrow_n as_o far_o as_o the_o right_a sense_n of_o the_o history_n shall_v direct_v our_o judgement_n we_o shall_v find_v valour_n not_o to_o be_v want_v in_o the_o helvetian_n but_o rather_o superlative_o abound_v in_o the_o roman_n for_o that_o vehement_a opinion_n of_o their_o valiancy_n and_o manhood_n which_o carry_v they_o out_o of_o the_o straits_n of_o the_o country_n to_o seek_v large_a fortune_n in_o other_o kingdom_n be_v not_o so_o abate_v with_o the_o losle_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o their_o host_n at_o the_o river_n arar_n nor_o with_o the_o terrible_a fury_n of_o those_o veteran_v legion_n but_o it_o yield_v this_o effect_n which_o caesar_n in_o his_o estimate_n of_o valour_n think_v memorable_a that_o for_o five_o hour_n space_n or_o more_o there_o be_v not_o one_o man_n see_v to_o have_v turn_v his_o back_n their_o manner_n of_o imbattail_v have_v not_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o enemy_n be_v unresistable_a for_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o phalanx_n which_o in_o the_o plain_n of_o asia_n have_v make_v alexander_n the_o great_a and_o the_o macedonian_n famous_a they_o do_v as_o far_o surpass_v any_o other_o form_n of_o imbattail_v suppose_v that_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n do_v fit_v that_o disposition_n wherein_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o whole_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o particular_n as_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o great_a body_n exceed_v the_o force_n and_o motion_n of_o his_o part_n when_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a canton_n for_o as_o in_o a_o phalanx_n many_o particular_a soldier_n be_v by_o a_o close_a and_o compact_a order_n incorporate_v into_o one_o entire_a body_n so_o their_o several_a virtue_n be_v gather_v into_o one_o head_n and_o be_v as_o part_n unite_v into_o one_o general_a force_n which_o easy_o swallow_v up_o the_o ability_n of_o many_o other_o lesser_a quantity_n into_o which_o a_o great_a strength_n be_v equal_o divide_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n which_o they_o get_v by_o retreat_n and_o the_o double_a charge_n wherewith_o they_o engage_v the_o roman_n both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_n be_v able_a in_o a_o indifferent_a conflict_n to_o have_v make_v fortune_n fugitive_n and_o bear_v arm_n on_o their_o side_n or_o at_o the_o least_o so_o to_o have_v steem_v the_o swell_a tide_n of_o victory_n which_o carry_v the_o roman_n so_o violent_o in_o the_o chase_n that_o they_o may_v have_v be_v equal_a sharer_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n have_v it_o not_o flow_v from_o a_o ocean_n of_o valour_n who_o course_n can_v not_o be_v hinder_v with_o any_o stop_n and_o
the_o woman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v unmeete_a for_o the_o field_n they_o bestow_v in_o a_o place_n unaccessible_a for_o any_o army_n by_o reason_n of_o fen_n and_o bog_n and_o marsh_n upon_o this_o intelligence_n caesar_n send_v his_o discoverer_n and_o centurion_n before_o to_o choose_v out_o a_o fit_a place_n to_o encamp_v in_o now_o whereas_o many_o of_o the_o surrender_a belgae_n and_o other_o gall_n be_v continual_o in_o the_o roman_a army_n certain_a of_o these_o as_o it_o be_v afterward_o know_v by_o the_o captive_n observe_v the_o order_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o march_v come_v by_o night_n to_o the_o neruij_fw-la and_o tell_v they_o that_o between_o every_o legion_n go_v a_o great_a sort_n of_o carriage_n and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n assoon_o as_o the_o first_o legion_n be_v come_v into_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o other_o legion_n yet_o a_o great_a way_n off_o to_o set_v upon_o they_o upon_o a_o sudden_a before_o they_o be_v disburden_v of_o their_o carriage_n and_o so_o to_o overthrow_v they_o which_o legion_n be_v thus_o cut_v off_o and_o their_o stuff_n take_v the_o rest_n will_v have_v small_a courage_n to_o stand_v against_o they_o it_o much_o further_v this_o advice_n that_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o neruij_fw-la be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o power_n of_o horse_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o resist_v the_o cavalry_n of_o their_o borderer_n whensoever_o they_o make_v any_o road_n into_o their_o march_n their_o manner_n be_v to_o cut_v young_a tree_n half_o asunder_o &_o bow_v the_o top_n down_o to_o the_o ground_n plash_v the_o bough_n in_o breadth_n and_o with_o thorn_n and_o brier_n plant_v between_o they_o they_o make_v they_o so_o thick_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o see_v through_o they_o so_o hard_o it_o be_v to_o enter_v or_o pass_v through_o they_o so_o that_o when_o by_o this_o occasion_n the_o passage_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n must_v needs_o be_v hinder_v the_o neruij_fw-la think_v the_o foresay_a counsel_n not_o to_o be_v neglect_v caesar_n march_n where_o in_o every_o legion_n have_v his_o cariadge_n in_o front_n caesar_n march_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_a at_o hand_n the_o place_n which_o the_o roman_n choose_v to_o encamp_v in_o be_v a_o hill_n of_o like_a level_a from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n at_o the_o foot_n whereof_o run_v the_o river_n sabis_n and_o with_o the_o like_a level_n on_o the_o other_o side_n rose_z a_o other_o hill_n direct_o against_o this_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o 200._o pace_n the_o bottom_n whereof_o be_v plain_a and_o open_a and_o the_o upper_a part_n so_o thick_a with_o wood_n that_o it_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v look_v into_o within_o these_o wood_n the_o neruian_o keep_v themselves_o close_o and_o in_o the_o open_a ground_n by_o the_o river_n side_n be_v only_o see_v a_o few_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o the_o river_n in_o that_o place_n be_v about_o 3._o foot_n deep_a caesar_n send_v his_o horseman_n before_o follow_v after_o with_o all_o his_o power_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o march_n differ_v from_o the_o report_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o neruii_n for_o inasmuch_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n caesar_n as_o his_o custom_n be_v lead_v 6._o legion_n always_o in_o areadines_n without_o burden_n or_o carriage_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o their_o arm_n after_o they_o he_o place_v the_o impediment_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o the_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v last_o enrol_v be_v a_o rearward_n to_o the_o army_n and_o guard_v the_o stuff_n observation_n this_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o the_o surrender_a belgae_n have_v fortunatelie_o discover_v the_o manner_n of_o caesar_n march_n march_n as_o well_o in_o safe_a passage_n as_o in_o dangerous_a and_o suspect_a place_n which_o be_v a_o point_n of_o no_o small_a consequence_n in_o martial_a discipline_n be_v subject_a to_o so_o many_o inconvenience_n and_o capable_a of_o the_o great_a art_n that_o may_v be_v show_v in_o manage_v a_o war_n concern_v the_o discreet_a carriage_n of_o a_o march_n conveniency_n by_o this_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o caesar_n principal_o respect_a safety_n and_o second_o conveniency_n if_o the_o place_n afford_v a_o secure_a passage_n and_o give_v no_o suspicion_n of_o hostility_n he_o be_v content_a in_o regard_n of_o conveniency_n to_o suffer_v every_o legion_n to_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o their_o particular_a carriage_n and_o to_o insert_v they_o among_o the_o troop_n that_o every_o man_n may_v have_v at_o hand_n such_o necessary_n as_o be_v requisite_a either_o for_o their_o private_a use_n or_o public_a discipline_n but_o if_o he_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o any_o sudden_a attempt_n or_o stand_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v impeach_v by_o a_o enemy_n he_o then_o omit_v convenient_a disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o particular_a use_n as_o disaduantageous_a to_o their_o safety_n &_o carry_v his_o legion_n in_o that_o readiness_n that_o if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v engage_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o may_v without_o any_o alteration_n of_o their_o march_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o their_o carriage_n receive_v the_o charge_n in_o that_o form_n of_o battle_n as_o be_v best_a approve_v by_o their_o military_a rule_n &_o the_o ancient_a practice_n of_o their_o fortunate_a progenitor_n the_o old_a roman_n observe_v likewise_o the_o same_o respect_n for_o in_o unsafe_a &_o suspect_a place_n quadratum_fw-la they_o carry_v their_o troop_n agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la which_o as_o livy_n seem_v to_o note_v be_v free_a from_o all_o carriage_n and_o impediment_n which_o may_v hinder_v they_o in_o any_o sudden_a alarm_n neither_o do_v that_o of_o gall._n hirtius_n any_o way_n contradict_v this_o interpretation_n where_o he_o say_v that_o caesar_n so_o dispose_v his_o troop_n against_o the_o bellovaci_fw-la that_o 3._o legion_n march_v in_o front_n &_o after_o they_o come_v all_o the_o carriage_n to_o which_o the_o 10._o legion_n serve_v as_o a_o rearward_n &_o so_o they_o march_v pene_fw-la agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la epistle_n seneca_n in_o like_a manner_n note_v the_o safety_n of_o agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o where_o a_o enemy_n be_v expect_v we_o ought_v to_o march_v agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la ready_a to_o fight_v the_o most_o material_a consequence_n of_o these_o place_n allege_v be_v that_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o suspect_v any_o onset_n or_o charge_n their_o order_n in_o a_o march_n little_a or_o nothing_o differ_v from_o their_o usual_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la or_o a_o square_a march_n inasmuch_o as_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o disposition_n of_o part_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o quadrata_fw-la acie_n for_o that_o triple_a form_n of_o imbattail_v which_o the_o roman_n general_o observe_v in_o their_o fight_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o distance_n between_o each_o battle_n contain_v almost_o a_o equal_a dimension_n of_o front_n and_o file_v and_o so_o it_o make_v aciem_fw-la quadratam_fw-la and_o when_o it_o march_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la polybius_n express_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n 6._o as_o often_o as_o the_o place_n require_v circumspection_n but_o alter_v it_o somewhat_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o carriage_n for_o he_o say_v that_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n especial_o where_o the_o country_n be_v plain_a and_o champion_n and_o give_v space_n &_o free_a scope_n to_o clear_v themselves_o upon_o any_o accident_n the_o roman_n march_v in_o a_o triple_a battle_n of_o equal_a distance_n one_o behind_o a_o other_o every_o battle_n have_v his_o several_a carriage_n in_o front_n and_o if_o they_o be_v by_o chance_n attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o turn_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o place_v their_o carriage_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o their_o army_n they_o stand_v imbattail_v ready_a to_o receive_v the_o charge_n the_o contrary_a form_n of_o march_v where_o the_o place_n afford_v more_o security_n &_o give_v scope_n to_o conveniency_n agmenlongun_v they_o name_v agmen_fw-la longum_fw-la when_o almost_o every_o maniple_n or_o order_n have_v their_o several_a carriage_n attend_v upon_o they_o &_o strive_v to_o keep_v that_o way_n which_o they_o find_v most_o easy_a both_o for_o themselves_o &_o their_o impediment_n which_o order_n of_o a_o march_n as_o it_o be_v more_o commodius_fw-la than_o the_o former_a in_o regard_n of_o particularity_n so_o be_v it_o unsafe_a and_o dangerous_a where_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v and_o therefore_o caesar_n much_o blame_v sabinus_n and_o cotta_n for_o march_v when_o they_o be_v delude_v by_o ambiorix_n gallico_n longissimo_fw-la agmine_fw-la as_o though_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o advertisement_n from_o a_o friend_n and_o not_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o albeit_o our_o modern_a war_n be_v far_o different_a in_o quality_n from_o they_o of_o
themselves_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n the_o war_n be_v thus_o end_v and_o all_o gallia_n be_v settle_v in_o peace_n there_o go_v such_o a_o fame_n of_o this_o war_n among_o other_o barbarous_a people_n that_o from_o nation_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n there_o come_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n offer_v both_o hostage_n and_o obedience_n to_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v they_o but_o caesar_n will_v they_o to_o repair_v unto_o he_o again_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o summer_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o then_o haste_v into_o lombardy_n after_o he_o have_v place_v his_o legion_n in_o their_o winter_v camp_n book_n for_o these_o thing_n upon_o the_o sight_n of_o caesar_n letter_n a_o general_a supplication_n be_v proclaim_v in_o rome_n for_o 15_o day_n together_o which_o honour_n before_o that_o time_n have_v happen_v to_o no_o man_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o second_o commentary_n observation_n upon_o the_o three_o book_n of_o caesar_n his_o commentary_n the_o argument_n this_o commentary_n begin_v with_o a_o accident_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o former_a summer_n wherein_o the_o belgae_n have_v so_o lean_a a_o harvest_n and_o then_o it_o proceed_v to_o the_o war_n between_o caesar_n and_o the_o veneti_n crassus_n and_o the_o aquitani_n titurius_n sabinus_n and_o the_o curiosolitae_n and_o titus_n labienus_n with_o the_o treviri_fw-la chap._n i._n sergius_n galba_n be_v send_v to_o clear_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o alps_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o seduni_n and_o veragri_n caesar_z take_z his_o journey_n into_o italy_n caesar_n send_v sergius_n galba_n with_o the_o twelve_o legion_n and_o part_n of_o the_o horseman_n unto_o the_o nantuates_n veragri_n &_o seduni_n who_o territory_n be_v extend_v from_o the_o river_n rhone_n and_o the_o lake_n lemanus_n unto_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a alps_n the_o end_n of_o this_o voyage_n be_v chief_o to_o clear_v the_o alps_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n that_o live_v by_o the_o spoil_n of_o passenger_n that_o travel_v between_o italy_n and_o gallia_n galba_n have_v order_n if_o he_o find_v it_o expedient_a to_o winter_n in_o those_o part_n after_o some_o fortunate_a encounter_n and_o the_o take_n of_o some_o castle_n and_o hold_n he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n and_o resolve_v to_o place_v two_o cohorte_n of_o his_o legion_n among_o the_o nantuates_n and_o himself_o to_o winter_n with_o the_o other_o cohorte_n in_o a_o town_n of_o the_o veragri_n name_v octodurus_n this_o town_n be_v site_v in_o a_o narrow_a valley_n and_o encircle_v about_o with_o mighty_a high_a hill_n be_v divide_v by_o a_o river_n into_o two_o part_n whereof_o he_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o other_o he_o choose_v for_o his_o winter_v camp_n and_o fortify_v it_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n after_o he_o have_v spend_v many_o day_n of_o winter_v and_o give_v order_n that_o corn_n shall_v be_v bring_v thither_o for_o provision_n he_o have_v intelligence_n upon_o a_o sudden_a that_o the_o gall_n in_o the_o night_n time_n have_v all_o left_a that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n that_o be_v allot_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o the_o hill_n which_o hang_v over_o the_o valley_n wherein_o the_o town_n stand_v be_v possess_v with_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o seduni_n and_o veragri_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o sudden_a commotion_n be_v chief_o the_o paucity_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n not_o make_v a_o complete_a legion_n for_o as_o much_o as_o two_o cohort_n winter_v among_o the_o nantuates_n beside_o many_o particular_n that_o be_v want_v upon_o necessary_a occasion_n and_o to_o make_v they_o more_o contemptible_a in_o regard_n of_o themselves_o the_o place_n afford_v such_o advantage_n that_o they_o be_v persuade_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o steep_a declivitie_n of_o the_o hill_n that_o the_o roman_n will_v not_o endure_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o first_o assault_n beside_o this_o it_o greeve_v they_o exceed_o to_o have_v their_o child_n take_v from_o they_o under_o the_o title_n of_o hostage_n and_o the_o alps_n which_o nature_n have_v exempt_v from_o habitation_n and_o place_v as_o bound_n between_o two_o large_a kingdom_n to_o be_v seize_v upon_o by_o the_o roman_a legion_n and_o unite_v to_o their_o province_n upon_o these_o advertisement_n galba_n not_o have_v as_o yet_o finish_v the_o fortification_n of_o his_o camp_n nor_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n and_o forage_n for_o the_o winter_n season_n in_o that_o he_o little_o fear_v any_o motion_n of_o war_n be_v secure_v of_o their_o amity_n and_o obedience_n both_o by_o hostage_n and_o rendrie_a he_o present_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war_n to_o determine_v what_o course_n be_v best_a to_o be_v take_v in_o which_o council_n the_o mind_n of_o many_o be_v so_o amaze_v with_o the_o terror_n of_o so_o unexpected_a a_o danger_n when_o they_o behold_v the_o hill_n pester_v with_o arm_a soldier_n the_o passage_n take_v and_o intercept_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o no_o hope_n leave_v of_o any_o succour_n or_o relief_n that_o they_o can_v think_v of_o no_o other_o way_n for_o their_o safety_n then_o leave_v behind_o they_o their_o baggage_n and_o impediment_n to_o sally_v out_o of_o their_o camp_n and_o so_o to_o save_v themselves_o by_o the_o same_o way_n they_o come_v thither_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a part_n conclude_v to_o refer_v that_o resolution_n to_o the_o last_o push_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o attend_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o event_n and_o defend_v the_o camp_n the_o observation_n which_o advice_n although_o at_o this_o time_n sort_v to_o small_a effect_n yet_o it_o better_a suit_v the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o savour_v more_o of_o temper_a magnanimity_n than_o that_o former_a hazard_n which_o argue_v the_o weakness_n of_o their_o mind_n by_o their_o over_o hasty_a and_o too_o forward_a resolution_n for_o as_o it_o import_v great_a danger_n and_o discover_v a_o more_o desperate_a spirit_n to_o break_v through_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o so_o by_o strong_a hand_n to_o save_v themselves_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o other_o fortune_n so_o it_o manifest_v a_o great_a apprehension_n of_o terror_n and_o a_o strong_a impression_n of_o fear_n which_o can_v afford_v nothing_o but_o desperate_a remedy_n for_o desperate_a and_o inconsiderate_a rashness_n rise_v soon_o of_o fear_n then_o of_o any_o other_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o such_o as_o behold_v the_o danger_n with_o a_o less_o trouble_a eye_n and_o qualify_v the_o terror_n of_o death_n with_o the_o life_n of_o their_o spirit_n reserve_v extremity_n of_o help_n to_o extremity_n of_o peril_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n attend_v what_o chance_v of_o advantage_n may_v happen_v unto_o they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n the_o enemy_n shall_v attempt_v i_o say_v they_o so_o give_v great_a scope_n to_o fortune_n and_o enlarge_v the_o bound_n of_o change_a accident_n chap._n ii_o the_o enemy_n set_v upon_o the_o winter_v camp_n galba_n overthrow_v they_o the_o council_n be_v dismiss_v caesar_n they_o have_v scarce_o time_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o for_o their_o defence_n but_o the_o enemy_n at_o a_o watchword_n give_v assault_v the_o camp_n on_o all_o side_n with_o stone_n and_o dart_n and_o other_o cast_a weapon_n the_o roman_n at_o first_o when_o their_o strength_n be_v fresh_a valiant_o resist_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o charge_n neither_o do_v they_o spend_v in_o vain_a any_o weapon_n which_o they_o cast_v from_o the_o rampire_n but_o what_o part_n soever_o of_o their_o camp_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n and_o want_v of_o help_n thither_o they_o come_v with_o succour_n and_o relief_n but_o herein_o they_o be_v overmatch_v for_o the_o enemy_n be_v spend_v and_o weary_v with_o fight_n whensoever_o any_o of_o they_o give_v place_n and_o forsake_v the_o battle_n there_o be_v always_o fresh_a combatant_n to_o supply_v it_o but_o the_o roman_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o small_a number_n have_v no_o such_o help_n for_o their_o extremity_n in_o that_o point_n be_v such_o that_o no_o man_n be_v permit_v neither_o for_o weariness_n nor_o wound_n to_o forsake_v his_o station_n or_o abandon_v his_o charge_n and_o have_v thus_o fight_v continual_o the_o space_n of_o six_o hour_n when_o both_o strength_n and_o weapon_n want_v the_o enemy_n persist_v with_o great_a fury_n to_o fill_v the_o ditch_n and_o break_v down_o the_o rampire_n and_o their_o hope_n rely_v upon_o the_o last_o expectation_n p._n sex_n baculus_fw-la the_o primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n who_o we_o say_v to_o be_v so_o sore_o wound_v in_o the_o neruian_a battle_n and_o caius_n volusenus_n tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a courage_n and_o wisdom_n run_v speedy_o to_o galba_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o the_o only_a way_n of_o safety_n be_v to_o
of_o reason_n especial_o when_o the_o intention_n shall_v sympathize_v with_o our_o will_n so_o when_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v strengthen_v with_o powerful_a mean_n and_o grace_v with_o the_o act_n of_o superior_a personage_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v very_o effectual_a to_o stir_v up_o man_n mind_n to_o approve_v that_o with_o a_o strong_a affection_n which_o their_o own_o single_a judgement_n do_v no_o way_n allow_v of_o and_o therefore_o equality_n bring_v this_o advantage_n to_o a_o prince_n which_o differencie_n can_v not_o afford_v that_o albeit_o example_n do_v set_v on_o foot_n any_o rebellious_a motion_n yet_o no_o supereminencie_n shall_v authorise_v the_o same_o chap._n four_o caesar_n have_v advertisement_n of_o these_o new_a trouble_n haste_v into_o gallia_n and_o prepare_v for_o the_o war_n all_o the_o maritimate_a state_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v draw_v into_o the_o same_o conspiracy_n caesar_n they_o send_v a_o common_a ambassage_n unto_o crassus_n that_o if_o he_o will_v have_v his_o man_n again_o he_o must_v deliver_v up_o the_o hostage_n which_o he_o have_v take_v from_o they_o whereof_o caesar_n be_v certify_v by_o crassus_n in_o as_o much_o as_o he_o be_v then_o a_o great_a way_n distant_a from_o his_o army_n he_o command_v galley_n and_o ship_n of_o war_n to_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o river_n ligeris_n loier_n which_o run_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o gallie_n man_n mariners_z and_o shipmaster_n shall_v be_v muster_v in_o the_o province_n which_o be_v speedy_o dispatch_v assoon_o as_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n will_v permit_v he_o he_o come_v into_o gallia_n the_o veneti_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederacy_n understand_v of_o caesar_n arrival_n and_o consider_v how_o heinous_a a_o fact_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o detain_v the_o ambassador_n and_o cast_v they_o into_o iron_n who_o name_n be_v hold_v sacred_a and_o inviolable_a among_o all_o nation_n prepare_v according_o to_o answer_v so_o eminent_a a_o danger_n &_o especial_o such_o necessary_n as_o pertain_v to_o ship_v &_o sea-fight_n the_o observation_n from_o hence_o i_o may_v take_v occasion_n ambassador_n brief_o to_o touch_v the_o reverend_a opinion_n which_o all_o nation_n how_o barbarous_a soever_o have_v general_o conceive_v of_o the_o quality_n and_o condition_n of_o ambassador_n and_o what_o the_o ground_n be_v of_o this_o universal_a receive_a custom_n which_o in_o all_o age_n and_o time_n have_v hold_v authentical_a and_o first_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o all_o man_n kind_n as_o endue_v with_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o property_n be_v so_o link_v together_o in_o the_o strict_a alliance_n of_o humane_a society_n that_o albeit_o their_o turbulent_a and_o disagree_a passion_n which_o in_o themselves_o be_v unnatural_a as_o proceed_v from_o corruption_n and_o defect_n drive_v they_o into_o extreme_a discord_n and_o disunion_n of_o spirit_n and_o break_v the_o bond_n of_o civil_a conversation_n which_o otherwise_o we_o do_v natural_o affect_v yet_o without_o a_o necessary_a intercourse_n and_o traffic_n of_o society_n we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v on_o foot_n the_o very_a discord_n itself_o in_o term_n of_o reason_n and_o orderly_a proceed_n but_o all_o part_n will_v be_v blend_v with_o disorder_a confusion_n &_o go_v to_o wrack_n for_o want_v of_o these_o mutual_a office_n perform_v by_o messenger_n so_o straight_o be_v the_o bond_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o powerful_a be_v the_o law_n which_o she_o enact_v and_o therefore_o if_o it_o be_v for_o no_o other_o end_n which_o may_v sort_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o either_o party_n as_o there_o be_v many_o good_a use_n thereof_o yet_o to_o hold_v up_o the_o quarrel_n and_o keep_v it_o from_o fall_v make_v war_n according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o reason_n the_o intercourse_n of_o messenger_n be_v not_o to_o be_v interrupt_v nor_o their_o person_n to_o be_v touch_v with_o hateful_a violence_n but_o that_o which_o the_o common_a reason_n of_o nation_n have_v make_v a_o law_n aught_o as_o religious_o to_o be_v observe_v as_o a_o oracle_n of_o our_o own_o belief_n second_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o end_n of_o war_n be_v or_o at_o the_o least_o shall_v be_v peace_n which_o by_o treaty_n of_o mutual_a messenger_n be_v principal_o to_o be_v confirm_v to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o people_n may_v seem_v so_o barbarous_a as_o to_o maintain_v a_o war_n which_o only_o intend_v blood_n and_o propose_v as_o the_o chief_a object_n the_o death_n and_o mortality_n of_o mankind_n no_o way_n respect_v peace_n and_o civil_a government_n such_o as_o refuse_v the_o intercourse_n of_o messenger_n as_o the_o mean_n of_o amity_n and_o concord_n be_v just_o condemn_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o nation_n as_o unworthy_a of_o humane_a society_n last_o of_o all_o it_o be_v a_o injury_n of_o great_a dishonour_n and_o deserve_v the_o reward_n of_o extreme_a infamy_n to_o revenge_v the_o master_n his_o quarrel_n upon_o a_o servant_n and_o punish_v ambassador_n for_o the_o fault_n of_o their_o state_n consider_v that_o their_o chief_a duty_n consist_v in_o the_o faithful_a relation_n of_o such_o mandate_n as_o they_o have_v receive_v which_o may_v as_o well_o tend_v to_o the_o advancement_n and_o honour_n of_o that_o city_n to_o which_o they_o be_v send_v as_o to_o the_o dishonour_n and_o ruin_n of_o the_o same_o whereof_o the_o messenger_n take_v no_o notice_n and_o therefore_o whether_o we_o desire_v war_n or_o peace_n the_o free_a liberty_n and_o holy_a order_n of_o ambassador_n be_v reverent_o to_o be_v respect_v and_o defend_v from_o brutish_a and_o unnatural_a violence_n chap._n v._n the_o proceed_n of_o either_o party_n in_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o war_n the_o veneti_n conceive_v great_a hope_n of_o their_o enterprise_n caesar_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o situation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o the_o passage_n by_o land_n be_v break_v and_o cut_v off_o with_o arm_n and_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n navigation_n and_o entrance_n by_o sea_n be_v so_o troublesome_a and_o dangerous_a in_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v altogether_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o channel_n and_o shelf_n of_o the_o coast_n neither_o do_v they_o think_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n can_v long_o continue_v there_o without_o corn_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v in_o those_o quarter_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o course_n of_o thing_n be_v carry_v contrary_a to_o this_o probable_a expectation_n yet_o they_o themselves_o be_v strong_a in_o ship_v whereas_o the_o roman_n have_v none_o at_o all_o neither_o have_v they_o knowledge_n of_o the_o flat_n and_o shallows_n port_n and_o land_n of_o that_o coast_n where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v and_o to_o conclude_v they_o shall_v find_v the_o use_n of_o navigation_n in_o that_o narrow_a sea_n to_o be_v far_o different_a from_o that_o which_o they_o be_v accustom_v unto_o britain_n in_o the_o vast_a and_o open_a ocean_n in_o this_o resolution_n they_o fortify_v their_o town_n store_v they_o with_o provision_n and_o bring_v all_o their_o ship_n to_o vannes_n against_o who_o caesar_n as_o it_o be_v report_v will_v begin_v to_o make_v war_n take_v the_o osisimi_fw-la lexovij_fw-la nannete_n ambivariti_n morini_n menapij_n diablintre_n as_o consort_n and_o partaker_n in_o this_o quarrel_n notwithstanding_o these_o difficulty_n many_o motive_n stir_v up_o caesar_n to_o undertake_v this_o war_n as_o namely_o the_o violent_a detain_v of_o the_o roman_a knight_n their_o rebellion_n after_o they_o have_v yield_v themselves_o by_o rendrie_a and_o give_v hostage_n of_o their_o loyalty_n the_o conspiracy_n of_o so_o many_o city_n which_o be_v now_o neglect_v may_v afterward_o incite_v other_o nation_n and_o state_n to_o the_o like_a insolency_n and_o therefore_o understanding_n that_o almost_o all_o the_o gall_n be_v incline_v to_o novelty_n and_o alteration_n and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v quick_a and_o ready_a to_o undertake_v a_o war_n and_o further_o consider_v that_o all_o man_n by_o nature_n desire_a liberty_n and_o hate_v the_o servile_a condition_n of_o bondage_n he_o prevent_v all_o further_a insurrection_n of_o the_o other_o state_n with_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n and_o send_v titus_n labienus_n with_o the_o cavalry_n unto_o the_o trier_n treviri_fw-la that_o border_v upon_o the_o rhine_n to_o he_o he_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o visit_v the_o man_n of_o rheims_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o belgae_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o obedience_n and_o to_o hinder_v such_o force_n as_o may_v peradventure_o be_v transport_v over_o the_o river_n by_o the_o german_n to_o further_a this_o rebellious_a humour_n of_o the_o gall_n he_o command_v likewise_o pub._n crassus_n with_o 12_o legionarie_a cohorte_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o horse_n to_o go_v into_o aquitaine_n lest_o there_o may_v come_v any_o aid_n from_o those_o nation_n
unto_o he_o the_o rest_n neglect_v it_o these_o war_n be_v thus_o end_v upon_o the_o relation_n of_o caesar_n letter_n the_o senate_n decree_v a_o supplication_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 20_o day_n observation_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o commentary_n we_o read_v of_o a_o supplication_n grant_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o 15_o day_n which_o be_v never_o grant_v to_o any_o man_n before_o that_o time_n since_o the_o first_o building_n of_o the_o city_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o in_o this_o four_o year_n of_o the_o war_n in_o gallia_n it_o be_v augment_v from_o 15_o unto_o 20_o day_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o refer_v the_o handle_n thereof_o unto_o this_o place_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o understand_v that_o whensoever_o a_o roman_a general_n have_v carry_v himself_o well_o in_o the_o war_n by_o gain_v a_o victory_n or_o enlarge_n the_o bound_n of_o their_o empire_n that_o then_o the_o senate_n do_v decree_v a_o supplication_n to_o the_o god_n in_o the_o name_n of_o that_o captain_n and_o this_o dignity_n be_v much_o seek_v after_o not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a honour_n that_o in_o their_o name_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o god_n shall_v be_v open_v and_o their_o victory_n acknowledge_v with_o the_o concourse_n and_o gratulation_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n but_o also_o because_o a_o supplication_n be_v common_o the_o forerunner_n of_o a_o triumph_n which_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n in_o the_o roman_a government_n cicero_n and_o therefore_o cato_n name_v it_o the_o prerogative_n of_o a_o triumph_n and_o livy_n in_o his_o 26_o book_n say_v that_o it_o be_v long_o dispute_v on_o in_o the_o senate_n how_o they_o can_v deny_v one_o that_o be_v there_o present_a to_o triumph_v who_o absence_n they_o have_v honour_v with_o supplication_n and_o thanksgiving_n to_o the_o god_n for_o thing_n happy_o effect_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o ceremony_n be_v that_o after_o the_o magistrate_n have_v public_o proclaim_v it_o with_o this_o form_n or_o stile_n quod_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o faeciliter_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la administrasset_fw-la the_o roman_a people_n clothe_v in_o white_a garment_n and_o crown_v with_o garland_n go_v to_o all_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n and_o there_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o gratulate_v the_o victory_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o general_n in_o which_o time_n they_o be_v forbid_v all_o other_o business_n but_o that_o which_o pertain_v to_o this_o solemnity_n it_o seem_v that_o this_o time_n of_o supplication_n be_v at_o first_o include_v within_o one_o or_o two_o day_n at_o the_o most_o as_o appear_v by_o livy_n in_o his_o three_o book_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o victory_n gain_v by_o two_o several_a battle_n be_v spiteful_o shut_v up_o by_o the_o senate_n in_o one_o day_n supplication_n the_o people_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n keep_v the_o next_o day_n holy_a and_o celebrate_v it_o with_o great_a devotion_n than_o the_o former_a upon_o the_o victory_n which_o camillus_n have_v against_o the_o veij_n there_o be_v grant_v four_o day_n of_o supplication_n to_o which_o there_o be_v afterward_o a_o day_n add_v which_o be_v the_o usual_a time_n of_o supplication_n unto_o the_o time_n that_o pompey_n end_v the_o war_n which_o they_o call_v mithridaticum_n when_o the_o usual_a time_n of_o five_o day_n be_v double_v and_o make_v 10_o and_o in_o the_o second_o of_o these_o commentary_n make_v 15_o and_o now_o bring_v to_o 20_o day_n which_o set_v forth_o the_o incitement_n and_o reward_n of_o well_o do_v which_o the_o roman_n propound_v both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o to_o such_o as_o endeavour_v to_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n or_o manage_v a_o charge_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o four_o commentary_n the_o five_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n which_o caesar_n make_v in_o gallia_n the_o argument_n caesar_n cause_v a_o great_a navy_n to_o be_v build_v in_o gallia_n he_o carry_v 5_o legion_n into_o brittany_n where_o he_o make_v war_n with_o the_o britain_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n thames_n at_o his_o return_n into_o gallia_n most_o of_o the_o gall_n revolt_v and_o first_o the_o eburones_n under_o the_o conduction_n of_o ambiorix_n set_v upon_o the_o camp_n of_o q._n titurius_n the_o legate_n who_o they_o circumvent_v by_o subtlety_n and_o then_o besiege_v the_o camp_n of_o cicero_n but_o be_v put_v by_o and_o their_o army_n overthrow_v by_o caesar_n chap._n i._n caesar_n return_v into_o gallia_n find_v there_o great_a store_n of_o ship_v make_v by_o the_o soldier_n and_o command_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o haven_n iccius_n lucius_n domitius_n caesar_n and_o appius_n claudius_n be_v consul_n caesar_n at_o his_o go_v into_o italy_n give_v order_n to_o the_o legate_n to_o build_v as_o many_o ship_n that_o winter_n as_o possible_o they_o can_v command_v they_o to_o be_v build_v of_o a_o low_a pitch_n than_o those_o which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n for_o the_o speedy_a lade_n &_o unlade_v of_o they_o and_o because_o the_o tide_n in_o these_o sea_n be_v very_o great_a and_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v to_o transport_v great_a store_n of_o horse_n he_o command_v they_o to_o be_v make_v flatter_v in_o the_o bottom_n they_o such_o as_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o place_n and_o all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o use_n of_o oar_n to_o which_o purpose_n their_o low_a building_n serve_v very_o convenient_o other_o necessary_n and_o furniture_n for_o rig_v he_o give_v order_n to_o have_v it_o bring_v out_o of_o spain_n caesar_n after_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n in_o lombardie_n and_o that_o he_o set_v free_a illiricum_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o pirustae_n he_o return_v into_o gallia_n where_o he_o find_v 600_o ship_n build_v by_o the_o extraordinary_a industry_n of_o the_o soldier_n notwithstanding_o the_o penury_n and_o want_n of_o all_o necessary_a matter_n with_o 28_o galley_n ready_a furnish_v which_o in_o a_o few_o day_n may_v be_v launch_v have_v commend_v the_o soldier_n and_o overseer_n of_o the_o work_n he_o command_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o port_n call_v iccius_n from_o whence_o he_o know_v the_o passage_n into_o brittany_n be_v not_o above_o thirty_o mile_n over_o the_o observation_n this_o iccius_n portus_n floide_v think_v to_o be_v caleis_n other_o take_v it_o to_o be_v saint_n omer_n partly_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o very_o low_o have_v notwithstanding_o very_o high_a bank_n which_o encompass_v the_o town_n about_o and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v a_o very_a large_a haven_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o distance_n from_o this_o town_n to_o the_o next_o continent_n of_o the_o island_n of_o brittany_n which_o strabo_n make_v to_o contain_v 320_o stadia_fw-la which_o agree_v to_o the_o french_a computation_n of_o 13_o league_n caesar_n make_v it_o thirty_o mile_n this_o be_v the_o haven_n which_o pliny_n call_v britannicum_fw-la portum_fw-la morinorum_n chap._n ii_o caesar_n sail_v into_o brittany_n land_v his_o force_n and_o seek_v the_o enemy_n caesar_n have_v prepare_v all_o thing_n in_o readiness_n caesar_n he_o leave_v labienus_n in_o the_o continent_n with_o three_o legion_n and_o 2000_o horse_n both_o to_o keep_v the_o haven_n and_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n and_o also_o to_o observe_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o with_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o like_a number_n of_o horse_n as_o he_o leave_v in_o the_o continent_n about_o sunset_n he_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o a_o soft_a south_n wind_n which_o continue_v until_o midnight_n and_o then_o cease_v he_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o tide_n until_o the_o morning_n when_o he_o perceive_v that_o the_o island_n lie_v on_o his_o left_a hand_n and_o again_o as_o the_o tide_n change_v he_o labour_v by_o row_v to_o reach_v that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n where_o he_o have_v find_v good_a land_v the_o year_n before_o wherein_o the_o soldier_n deserve_v great_a commendation_n for_o by_o strength_n and_o force_n of_o oar_n they_o make_v their_o great_a ship_n of_o burden_n to_o keep_v way_n with_o the_o galley_n about_o high_a noon_n they_o arrive_v in_o brittany_n with_o all_o their_o ship_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o enemy_n see_v in_o that_o place_n but_o as_o afterward_o caesar_n understand_v by_o the_o captive_n the_o britain_n be_v there_o with_o a_o great_a power_n but_o be_v terrify_v with_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o ship_v which_o they_o discover_v from_o the_o shore_n for_o there_o be_v in_o all_o above_o 800_o they_o forsake_v the_o shore_n and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o upland_n country_n caesar_n have_v land_v his_o man_n and_o choose_v a_o convenient_a place_n to_o encamp_v assoon_o as_o he_o understand_v by_o the_o captive_n where_o the_o enemy_n lay_v in_o
it_o may_v easy_o be_v seduce_v either_o by_o fear_n or_o vain_a imagination_n diffident_a conception_n or_o over_o easy_a credulity_n with_o many_o other_o such_o disturb_a power_n from_o that_o way_n which_o a_o good_a discretion_n and_o a_o understanding_n free_a from_o passion_n will_v have_v take_v first_o therefore_o i_o hold_v it_o necessary_a to_o have_v the_o consistory_n of_o our_o judgement_n well_o settle_v with_o a_o firm_a resolution_n and_o with_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o mind_n before_o we_o enter_v into_o deliberation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v make_v happy_a unto_o we_o by_o good_a direction_n and_o then_o this_o among_o other_o circumstance_n will_v give_v some_o help_n to_o a_o good_a conclusion_n when_o we_o consider_v how_o improbable_a it_o be_v that_o a_o enemy_n who_o chief_a care_n be_v to_o weaken_v his_o adversary_n and_o bring_v he_o to_o ruin_v shall_v advise_v he_o of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v concern_v his_o good_a unless_o the_o profit_n which_o he_o himself_o shall_v thereby_o gather_v do_v far_o exceed_v that_o which_o the_o contrary_a part_n may_v expect_v i_o grant_v that_o in_o civil_a war_n where_o there_o be_v many_o friend_n on_o either_o party_n and_o have_v the_o adverse_a cause_n as_o dear_a unto_o they_o as_o their_o own_o there_o be_v oftentimes_o many_o advertisement_n give_v which_o proceed_v from_o a_o true_a and_o sincere_a affection_n and_o may_v advantage_v the_o party_n who_o it_o concern_v as_o well_o in_o prevent_v any_o danger_n as_o in_o the_o furtherance_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v neglect_v but_o to_o be_v weigh_v by_o circumstance_n and_o according_o to_o be_v respect_v whereof_o we_o have_v many_o pregnant_a example_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n and_o particular_o in_o monsieur_n la_fw-fr nou_n his_o discourse_n but_o where_o there_o be_v two_o army_n different_a in_o nation_n language_n and_o humour_n contend_v for_o that_o which_o peculiar_o belong_v unto_o one_o of_o they_o where_o care_v to_o keep_v that_o which_o be_v dear_a unto_o they_o possess_v the_o one_o and_o hope_v of_o gain_n stir_v up_o the_o other_o there_o be_v common_o such_o a_o universal_a hatred_n between_o they_o that_o they_o be_v to_o look_v for_o small_a advantage_n by_o advertisement_n from_o the_o enemy_n which_o if_o the_o roman_n have_v well_o consider_v this_o subtle_a gall_n have_v not_o dispossess_v they_o of_o their_o strength_n nor_o bring_v they_o to_o ruin_v chap._n x._o the_o roman_n call_v a_o council_n upon_o this_o advertisement_n and_o resolve_v to_o depart_v and_o join_v themselves_o to_o some_o other_o of_o the_o legion_n the_o roman_n be_v trouble_v at_o the_o suddenness_n of_o the_o matter_n caesar_n albeit_o those_o thing_n be_v speak_v by_o a_o enemy_n yet_o they_o think_v they_o no_o way_n to_o be_v neglect_v but_o especial_o it_o move_v they_o for_o that_o it_o be_v incredible_a that_o the_o eburones_n be_v base_a and_o of_o no_o reputation_n dare_v of_o themselves_o make_v war_n against_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o therefore_o they_o propound_v the_o matter_n in_o a_o council_n wherein_o there_o grow_v a_o great_a controversy_n among_o they_o l._n arunculeius_fw-la and_o most_o of_o the_o tribune_n and_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n think_v it_o not_o good_a to_o conclude_v of_o any_o thing_n rash_o nor_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o their_o winter_v camp_n without_o express_a commandment_n from_o caesar_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v never_o so_o great_a a_o power_n yea_o even_o of_o their_o german_n have_v the_o garizon_n well_o fortify_v a_o argument_n whereof_o be_v that_o they_o have_v valiant_o withstand_v the_o first_o assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o give_v they_o many_o wound_n neither_o want_v they_o any_o victual_n and_o before_o that_o provision_n which_o they_o have_v be_v spend_v there_o will_v come_v succour_n from_o other_o garizon_n and_o from_o caesar_n and_o to_o conclude_v what_o be_v more_o dishonourable_a or_o savor_v of_o great_a inconstancy_n then_o to_o consult_v of_o their_o weighty_a affair_n by_o the_o advertisement_n of_o a_o enemy_n titurius_n urge_v vehementlie_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o it_o then_o will_v be_v too_o late_o for_o they_o to_o seek_v a_o remedy_n when_o a_o great_a power_n of_o the_o enemy_n accompany_v with_o the_o german_n be_v assemble_v against_o they_o or_o when_o any_o blow_n be_v give_v to_o any_o of_o the_o next_o winter_v camp_n he_o take_v caesar_n to_o be_v go_v into_o italy_n for_o otherwise_o the_o eburones_n will_v not_o have_v come_v so_o proud_o to_o the_o camp_n let_v they_o not_o respect_v the_o author_n but_o the_o thing_n itself_o the_o rhine_n be_v not_o far_o off_o and_o he_o know_v well_o that_o the_o overthrow_n of_o ariovistus_fw-la and_o their_o former_a victory_n be_v grievous_a to_o the_o german_n the_o gall_n be_v vex_v with_o the_o contumely_n they_o have_v receive_v be_v bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o have_v lose_v their_o former_a reputation_n in_o deed_n of_o arm_n and_o to_o conclude_v who_o will_v imagine_v that_o ambiorix_n shall_v enterprise_v such_o a_o matter_n without_o any_o ground_n or_o certainty_n thereof_o but_o howsoever_o thing_n stand_v his_o counsel_n be_v sure_a and_o can_v bring_v no_o harm_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o worse_a thing_n intend_v they_o shall_v but_o go_v safe_o to_o the_o next_o garizon_n or_o otherwise_o if_o the_o gall_n conspire_v with_o the_o german_n their_o only_a safety_n consist_v in_o celerity_n as_o for_o the_o counsel_n of_o cotta_n and_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n what_o expectation_n can_v be_v have_v thereof_o wherein_o if_o there_o be_v not_o present_a danger_n yet_o assure_o famine_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v by_o long_a siege_n the_o disputation_n be_v thus_o continue_v on_o either_o part_n and_o cotta_n with_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n earnest_o repugn_v it_o do_v as_o please_v you_o since_o you_o will_v needs_o have_v it_o so_o say_v sabinus_n and_o that_o he_o speak_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o soldier_n may_v well_o hear_v he_o for_o i_o be_o not_o he_o that_o most_o fear_v death_n among_o you_o let_v these_o be_v wise_a and_o if_o any_o mischance_n happen_v unto_o they_o they_o shall_v ask_v account_n thereof_o at_o thy_o hand_n inasmuch_o as_o if_o thou_o will_v let_v they_o they_o may_v join_v themselves_o within_o 2._o day_n to_o the_o next_o garizon_n &_o with_o they_o sustain_v what_o chance_n soever_o their_o common_a destiny_n shall_v allot_v they_o and_o not_o perish_v with_o famine_n and_o sword_n like_o a_o people_n cast_v off_o and_o abandon_v from_o their_o fellow_n after_o these_o word_n they_o begin_v to_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o council_n but_o hold_v be_v lay_v upon_o they_o both_o entreaty_n be_v make_v that_o they_o will_v not_o obstinate_o bring_v all_o unto_o a_o desperate_a hazard_n the_o matter_n be_v all_o one_o whether_o they_o go_v or_o stay_v so_o that_o they_o all_o agree_v upon_o one_o thing_n whereas_o in_o disagree_v there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n of_o well_o do_v the_o disputation_n be_v prolong_v until_o midnight_n at_o length_n cotta_n yield_v and_o the_o sentence_n of_o sabinus_n take_v place_n and_o thereupon_o it_o be_v proclaim_v that_o they_o shall_v set_v forth_o by_o the_o break_n of_o day_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o night_n be_v spend_v in_o watch_v every_o soldior_fw-la seek_v out_o what_o he_o have_v to_o carry_v with_o he_o and_o what_o he_o shall_v be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v behind_o he_o of_o such_o necessary_n as_o he_o have_v prepare_v for_o winter_n all_o thing_n be_v dispose_v in_o such_o sort_n to_o make_v the_o soldier_n believe_v that_o they_o can_v not_o stay_v without_o danger_n observation_n by_o the_o resolution_n in_o this_o disputation_n it_o appear_v how_o little_a a_o grave_n and_o wise_a deliberation_n avail_v when_o it_o be_v impugn_a with_o the_o violence_n of_o passion_n according_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o my_o former_a observation_n for_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o reason_v by_o cotta_n and_o his_o position_n be_v ground_v upon_o thing_n certain_a and_o well_o know_v to_o the_o whole_a council_n and_o yet_o the_o fear_n of_o sabinus_n be_v such_o that_o it_o carry_v the_o conclusion_n by_o such_o suppose_a assertion_n as_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o passion_n have_v ratify_v for_o true_a principle_n be_v ground_v altogether_o upon_o that_o which_o the_o enemy_n have_v suggest_v and_o not_o upon_o any_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o truth_n neither_o be_v it_o often_o see_v when_o a_o council_n dispute_v upon_o matter_n of_o such_o consequence_n that_o their_o deliberation_n be_v altogether_o clear_a from_o such_o troublesome_a motion_n but_o that_o it_o will_v
and_o therefore_o let_v they_o suppose_v that_o all_o thing_n consist_v in_o the_o victory_n the_o roman_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o gall_n both_o in_o number_n of_o man_n and_o valour_n and_o albeit_o they_o be_v destitute_a of_o good_a captain_n and_o of_o good_a fortune_n yet_o they_o repose_v in_o their_o manhood_n all_o the_o hope_n of_o their_o safety_n and_o as_o often_o as_o any_o cohort_n issue_v out_o they_o fail_v not_o to_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n on_o that_o part_n the_o first_o observation_n i_o have_v already_o handle_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o orb_n with_o such_o property_n as_o be_v incident_a to_o a_o circle_n wherein_o i_o show_v the_o conveniency_n of_o this_o figure_n in_o regard_n of_o safe_a and_o strong_a imbattail_v i_o will_v now_o add_v this_o much_o concern_v the_o use_n thereof_o that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o best_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v for_o a_o defensive_a strength_n and_o therefore_o never_o use_v but_o in_o extremity_n so_o we_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a that_o the_o sudden_a betake_v of_o ourselves_o to_o such_o a_o refuge_n do_v not_o more_o dismay_v the_o soldier_n than_o the_o advantage_n of_o that_o imbattail_v can_v benefit_v they_o for_o unless_o a_o leader_n be_v careful_a to_o keep_v his_o man_n in_o courage_n that_o their_o heart_n may_v be_v free_a from_o despair_n and_o amazement_n what_o profit_n can_v there_o arise_v from_o any_o disposition_n or_o body_n soever_o when_o the_o particular_a member_n shall_v be_v senseless_a of_o that_o duty_n which_o belong_v unto_o they_o for_o order_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o assistance_n to_o courage_n give_v mean_n to_o manage_v our_o valour_n with_o advantage_n in_o the_o war_n of_o africa_n we_o read_v that_o caesar_n legion_n be_v encircle_v about_o with_o great_a multitude_n of_o enemy_n be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o orb_n but_o he_o quick_o turn_v it_o to_o a_o better_a use_n by_o advance_v the_o two_o cornet_n two_o contrary_a way_n and_o so_o divide_v the_o enemy_n into_o two_o part_n and_o then_o beat_v they_o back_o to_o their_o great_a disadvantage_n the_o second_o observation_n i_o need_v not_o stand_v upon_o this_o order_n which_o the_o gall_n here_o take_v concern_v pillage_n that_o no_o soldior_fw-la shall_v forsake_v his_o station_n or_o disrank_v himself_o in_o hope_n of_o spoil_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o from_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o war_n have_v often_o change_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n and_o sell_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o public_a victory_n for_o private_a lucre_n and_o petty_a pilfer_n among_o other_o example_n 20_o let_v that_o which_o guichardine_n report_v of_o the_o battle_n of_o taro_n suffice_v to_o warn_v a_o well_o direct_v army_n as_o well_o by_o the_o good_a which_o charles_n the_o eight_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o france_n receive_v at_o that_o time_n as_o by_o the_o loss_n which_o the_o italian_n feel_v by_o that_o disorder_n not_o to_o seek_v after_o pillage_n until_o the_o victory_n be_v obtain_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o insufficiency_n of_o these_o commander_n whereof_o caesar_n now_o complain_v as_o the_o only_a want_n which_o these_o roman_n have_v to_o clear_v themselves_o of_o this_o danger_n bring_v to_o our_o consideration_n that_o which_o former_a time_n have_v make_v a_o question_n which_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o roman_a leader_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o their_o soldier_n that_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n to_o that_o greatness_n and_o make_v their_o people_n and_o senate_n lord_n of_o the_o world_n polybius_n weigh_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o victory_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n gain_v of_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o good_a direction_n of_o one_o zantippus_n a_o grecian_a have_v before_o that_o time_n receive_v diverse_a overthrow_n during_o the_o time_n of_o those_o war_n in_o africa_n conclude_v that_o it_o be_v more_o in_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o commander_n then_o in_o any_o extraordinary_a virtue_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o the_o roman_n achieve_v so_o many_o conquest_n and_o beside_o the_o present_a example_n of_o zantippus_n he_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n with_o the_o proceed_n of_o hannibal_n who_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n still_o gain_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n enlarge_a the_o territory_n of_o carthage_n and_o streighten_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o mighty_a rome_n until_o it_o have_v get_v a_o leader_n matchable_a to_o that_o subtle_a carthaginean_a and_o find_v a_o scipio_n to_o confront_v their_o hannibal_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v that_o sabinus_n and_o cotta_n famous_a battle_n between_o the_o old_a roman_n and_o the_o last_o latin_n wherein_o both_o party_n be_v equal_o ballaunce_v both_o in_o number_n and_o quality_n of_o their_o soldier_n have_v both_o the_o same_o arm_n the_o same_o use_n of_o their_o weapon_n and_o the_o same_o discipline_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n neither_o can_v fortune_n tell_v by_o the_o presence_n of_o their_o army_n where_o to_o bestow_v her_o favour_n or_o where_o to_o show_v her_o disdain_n but_o that_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o roman_a leader_n bring_v the_o odds_n in_o the_o trial_n and_o make_v rome_n great_a with_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o latin_n whereby_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o it_o import_v the_o whole_a fortune_n of_o a_o army_n to_o have_v a_o leader_n worthy_a of_o the_o place_n which_o he_o hold_v forasmuch_o as_o nothing_o do_v make_v a_o great_a difference_n of_o inequality_n between_o two_o equal_a army_n than_o the_o wisdom_n and_o experience_n of_o a_o grave_a commander_n or_o the_o disabilitie_n of_o a_o unskilful_a leader_n which_o be_v so_o powerful_a in_o their_o several_a effect_n that_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n of_o a_o hear_v of_o heart_n lead_v by_o a_o lion_n then_o of_o so_o many_o lion_n conduct_v by_o a_o heart_n chap._n xiii_o ambiorix_n direct_v the_o gall_n how_o they_o may_v best_o fight_v with_o advantage_n and_o frustrate_v the_o weapon_n of_o roman_a soldier_n the_o which_o thing_n when_o ambiorix_n perceive_v caesar_n he_o command_v his_o man_n to_o throw_v their_o cast_a weapon_n a_o far_o off_o and_o keep_v themselves_o from_o come_v near_o at_o hand_n and_o where_o the_o roman_n charge_v upon_o they_o to_o give_v way_n and_o again_o as_o they_o see_v they_o retire_v to_o their_o ensign_n then_o to_o pursue_v they_o which_o commandment_n be_v so_o diligent_o observe_v by_o the_o gall_n that_o as_o oft_o as_o any_o cohort_n sally_v out_o of_o the_o orb_n to_o give_v a_o assault_n the_o enemy_n give_v back_o as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o be_v no_o help_n but_o that_o part_n must_v be_v leave_v naked_a and_o open_a to_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o cast_v weapon_n and_o again_o as_o they_o retire_v to_o their_o place_n they_o be_v circumvent_v as_o well_o by_o they_o that_o have_v give_v place_n unto_o they_o as_o by_o such_o as_o stand_v next_o about_o they_o and_o if_o they_o go_v about_o to_o keep_v their_o ground_n they_o can_v neither_o help_v themselves_o by_o their_o manhood_n nor_o stand_v thick_a together_o avoid_z the_o dart_n that_o such_o a_o multitude_n cast_v upon_o they_o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o inconvenience_n beside_o the_o wound_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v they_o stand_v still_o at_o their_o defence_n and_o have_v so_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o day_n for_o they_o have_v fight_v eight_o hour_n together_o they_o count_v nothing_o dishonourable_a or_o unworthy_a of_o themselves_o the_o observation_n i_o have_v speak_v already_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a fight_n consist_v altogether_o in_o good_a disposition_n of_o imbattail_v and_o in_o firm_a stand_n and_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o circumstance_n where_o ambiorix_n forbid_v his_o man_n to_o buckle_v with_o they_o but_o to_o give_v back_o and_o follow_v on_o again_o as_o the_o lightness_n of_o their_o arm_n give_v they_o opportunity_n in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o affranius_n it_o appear_v that_o caesar_n his_o soldier_n be_v bind_v to_o keep_v their_o array_n not_o to_o leave_v their_o ensign_n nor_o without_o a_o weighty_a occasion_n to_o forsake_v their_o station_n appoint_v they_o whereas_o the_o affranians_n fight_v thin_a and_o scatter_v here_o and_o there_o and_o if_o they_o be_v hard_o lay_v unto_o they_o think_v it_o no_o dishonour_n to_o retire_v and_o give_v back_o as_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o the_o portugal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o roman_n be_v overthrow_v than_o t._n baluentius_n who_o the_o year_n before_o have_v be_v primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n a_o valiant_a man_n and_o of_o great_a authority_n have_v both_o
undertake_v private_a combat_n make_v the_o soldier_n wise_a in_o their_o carriage_n and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o their_o sedition_n and_o civil_a discord_n but_o that_o which_o be_v yet_o worst_a of_o all_o be_v that_o custom_n have_v now_o make_v it_o so_o familiar_a that_o every_o trifle_n seem_v sufficient_a to_o call_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o private_a combat_n a_o cross_a look_n call_v a_o other_o man_n honour_n in_o question_n but_o the_o word_n lie_n be_v of_o as_o great_a consequence_n as_o any_o stab_n or_o villainy_n whatsoever_o whereat_o we_o may_v well_o wonder_v how_o it_o happen_v that_o we_o feel_v ourselves_o so_o much_o exasperate_v at_o the_o reproach_n of_o that_o vice_n which_o we_o so_o ordinary_o commit_v for_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o these_o time_n to_o cast_v upon_o we_o the_o lie_n be_v the_o great_a injury_n that_o word_n can_v do_v unto_o we_o and_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_a in_o our_o mouth_n it_o may_v be_v a_o property_n in_o our_o nature_n to_o stand_v chief_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o that_o corruption_n unto_o which_o we_o be_v most_o subject_a i_o speak_v not_o this_o to_o qualify_v the_o foulness_n of_o this_o vice_n for_o i_o hold_v a_o liar_n to_o be_v a_o monster_n in_o nature_n one_o that_o contemn_v god_n and_o fear_v man_n as_o a_o ancient_a father_n say_v but_o to_o show_v the_o crookedness_n of_o our_o disposition_n in_o disdain_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o fault_n which_o we_o so_o common_o commit_v but_o i_o will_v fain_o learn_v when_o honour_n first_o come_v to_o be_v measure_v with_o word_n for_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o caesar_n be_v often_o call_v to_o his_o face_n thief_n and_o drunkard_n without_o any_o further_a matter_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o invective_n which_o great_a personage_n use_v one_o against_o a_o other_o as_o it_o begin_v so_o it_o end_v with_o word_n and_o so_o i_o think_v our_o lie_n may_v too_o for_o i_o take_v he_o that_o return_v the_o lie_n and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_n until_o further_a proof_n to_o have_v as_o great_a advantage_n in_o the_o reputation_n of_o honour_n as_o the_o former_a that_o first_o give_v the_o disgrace_n chap._n xx._n cicero_n send_v to_o caesar_n at_o who_o come_v the_o siege_n be_v raise_v and_o the_o gall_n overthrow_v at_o length_n cicero_n find_v mean_n by_o a_o gall_n to_o advertise_v caesar_n of_o the_o danger_n wherein_o he_o be_v who_o speedy_o haste_v with_o two_o legion_n to_o give_v he_o succour_v the_o neruij_fw-la understanding_n of_o caesar_n approach_n forsake_v the_o siege_n and_o go_v to_o meet_v he_o caesar_n find_v the_o enemy_n to_o be_v 60000._o strong_a and_o himself_o not_o to_o have_v above_o 7000._o man_n encamp_v himself_o in_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n and_o seek_v by_o counterfeit_a fear_n to_o draw_v the_o enemy_n to_o come_v and_o assault_v his_o camp_n which_o he_o handle_v with_o that_o dexterity_n that_o the_o gall_n come_v up_o unto_o he_o with_o a_o full_a assurance_n of_o victory_n but_o caesar_n send_v out_o two_o sally_n at_o two_o several_a gate_n of_o the_o camp_n overthrow_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o and_o dispossess_v the_o rest_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o so_o end_v that_o war_n finis_fw-la lib._n 3._o sallust_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la jugur_n suitcher_n caesar_n matrona_fw-la &_o sequena_n two_o state_n in_o the_o duchie_a of_o burgundy_n the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n mont_fw-fr ioux_fw-fr caesar_n the_o omission_n in_o the_o helvetian_a expedition_n caesar_n caesar_n zuricke_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o watch_n caesar_n caesar_n bray_v in_o the_o county_n of_o retell_v place_n of_o advantage_n in_o the_o roman_a war_n their_o manner_n of_o victual_v caesar_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o imbattail_v by_o triplex_fw-la acies_fw-la lib._n 1._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la lib_fw-la 3._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la lib._n 5._o the_o militia_n romana_fw-la a_o phalanx_n describe_v caesar_n speech_n of_o encouragement_n before_o they_o give_v battle_n lib._n 7._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gallico_n the_o roman_a pile_n describe_v lib._n 3._o the_o militia_n romana_fw-la lib._n 5._o sallust_n caesar_n they_o of_o borbon_n and_o lorraine_n the_o ensign_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o division_n of_o their_o day_n caesar_n caesar_n langiers_n periculum_fw-la semper_fw-la ab_fw-la hostibus_fw-la gravissimum_fw-la sustinet_fw-la divisus_fw-la &_o inordinatus_fw-la exercitus_fw-la caesar_n caesar_n langre_n langre_n savoyens_fw-fr caesar_n the_o people_n of_o awergne_n caesar_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a general_n livy_n lib._n 8._o lib._n 3._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n trier_n trier_n the_o country_n about_o constance_n in_o germany_n germany_n le_fw-fr doux_fw-fr the_o nature_n of_o fear_n caesar_n caesar_n cimbri_n a_o nation_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n and_o drive_v out_o the_o aduatici_n and_o be_v now_o the_o zelander_n teutoni_n german_n whether_o man_n have_v great_a courage_n in_o their_o own_o or_o in_o a_o stranger_n country_n caesar_n foot_n man_n intermingle_v among_o horseman_n lib._n 6._o lib._n 3._o the_o excid_n lib._n 3._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la africano_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o use_n of_o lot_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o country_n about_o beawois_n beawois_n the_o country_n about_o soissons_fw-fr soissons_fw-fr the_o people_n about_o turnai_n turnai_n arras_n arras_n amiens_n amiens_n vermandois_n vermandois_n terwene_v terwene_v liege_n 296000_o in_o al._n al._n la_fw-fr disne_n caesar_n a_o legion_n what_o it_o be_v lib._n 4._o de_fw-fr vita_fw-la romuli_n liu._n lib._n 22._o tacitus_n 3._o hist_o velite_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la lib._n 6._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr mil._n rom._n the_o use_n of_o this_o division_n the_o distinction_n of_o their_o company_n manipuli_fw-la ordo_fw-la cohors_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la re_fw-mi rust_n alegion_n range_v in_o battle_n the_o first_o order_n 3._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la civili_fw-la prima_fw-la cohors_fw-la the_o benefit_n of_o this_o discipline_n the_o benefit_n of_o small_a battailion_n and_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o great_a squadron_n squadron_n bray_v in_o the_o county_n of_o retell_v to_o take_v a_o town_n by_o surprise_n a_o testudo_fw-la describe_v lib._n 44._o lib._n 49._o the_o necessity_n of_o good_a discovery_n discovery_n now_o england_n the_o order_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o discovery_n slinger_n with_o their_o art_n and_o use_n lib._n 2._o lib._n 2._o natu_fw-la question_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n noyon_n caesar_n caesar_n soyssons_fw-fr *_o lib._n 4._o a_o vinea_fw-la or_o vine_n describe_v agger_fw-la or_o mount_v tower_n or_o turret_n describe_v caesar_n the_o bellovaci_fw-la take_v to_o mercy_n the_o ambiani_n yield_v up_o themselves_o the_o neruij_fw-la neruij_fw-la sambre_n near_o namour_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a march_n the_o two_o respect_n which_o caesar_n have_v in_o order_v a_o march_n 1_o safety_n 2_o conveniency_n agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la quadratum_fw-la lib._n 8._o the_o bell_n gall._n gall._n 60._o epistle_n lib._n 6._o agmenlongun_v lib._n 5._o the_o bell_n gallico_n the_o use_n that_o may_v be_v make_v of_o this_o in_o our_o modern_a war_n caesar_n the_o description_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n with_o all_o the_o part_n belong_v unto_o it_o the_o centurion_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o place_n the_o praetorium_n principia_fw-la the_o tent_n of_o the_o tribune_n the_o space_n between_o the_o tent_n and_o the_o rampire_n contubernium_fw-la the_o ditch_n and_o the_o rampire_n agger_fw-la vallum_n praetoria_n porta_fw-la porta_n decumana_fw-la porte_fw-fr principales_fw-la laeva_fw-la dextra_fw-la the_o commodity_n of_o this_o encamp_a the_o ceremony_n which_o they_o use_v in_o their_o preparation_n to_o battle_n caesar_n and_o therefore_o i_o rather_o take_v it_o to_o be_v something_o else_o than_o a_o word_n the_o place_n and_o office_n of_o a_o primipile_n the_o target_n describe_v lib._n 16._o c._n 40._o caesar_n li._n the_o militia_n iu._n cae._n caesar_n either_o douai_n or_o bosleduke_n in_o brabant_n circunuallatio_n in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n aries_n or_o the_o ram._n cales_n aries_n simplex_fw-la aries_n composita_fw-la to_o give_v notice_n of_o a_o alarm_n by_o fire_n lib._n 25._o the_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_n lay_v upon_o a_o conquerednation_n caesar_n of_o this_o supplication_n i_o will_v speak_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o 4_o book_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o force_n of_o novelty_n turn_v the_o for_o tune_n of_o a_o battle_n caesar_n caesar_n savoiens_fw-la savoiens_fw-la le_fw-fr perche_n perche_n cornoaille_fw-fr in_o bretaine_n bretaine_n vannes_n the_o weakness_n of_o our_o judgement_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o future_a time_n the_o authority_n of_o example_n caesar_n caesar_n ligeris_n the_o ground_n of_o that_o reverend_a opinion_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o ambassador_n caesar_n lendriguer_n lysieux_n nantes_n aurenche_n leondoul_v city_n in_o little_a britain_n britain_n trier_n caesar_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n spring_n tide_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o ship_n lib._n 27._o their_o manner_n of_o sea-fight_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la caesar_n the_o force_n of_o industry_n industry_n la_fw-fr perche_n caesar_n caesar_n rhone_n rhone_n eureux_fw-fr the_o use_n which_o the_o roman_n make_v of_o a_o counterfeit_a fear_n lib._n 5._o caesar_n caesar_n euocati_fw-la euocati_fw-la lib._n 7._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gall._n caesar_n sertorius_n two_o mean_n to_o achieve_v victory_n and_o to_o overmaster_v their_o enemy_n tubalcaine_n by_o war_n and_o naamah_n by_o the_o flood_n not_o to_o forgo_v a_o advantage_n the_o place_n where_o suspect_a force_n be_v best_a bestow_v in_o battle_n caesar_n lib._n 3._o auertimento_fw-la secundo_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallico_n caesar_n caesar_n terovine_n terovine_n cleve_n and_o gueldres_n gueldres_n those_o of_o zutpnen_n zutpnen_n of_o hassia_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n geldres_n and_o cleeve_v sallust_n tacit._n 1._o anal._n caesar_n caesar_n liege_n liege_n colonia_n agrippina_n vincitur_fw-la haud_fw-la gratis_o iugulo_fw-la qui_fw-la provocat_fw-la hostem_fw-la liu._n lib._n 9_o liu._n lib._n 7._o caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n lib._n de_fw-fr machi_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n teroanne_v or_o monstrell_n caesar_n answer_v to_o the_o first_o objection_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o reason_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n imperator_n 3._o annal._n phil._n 14._o lib._n 2._o epist_n 9_o caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n li._n 15._o fami_fw-la cicero_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n lib._n 4._o pli._n lib._n 10._o caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n either_o cambraz_n amiens_n or_o s._n quintin_n caesar_n caesar_n lib._n 9_o anal._n 6._o caesar_n lib._n 20_o caesar_n
two_o cornet_n with_o the_o best_a of_o his_o soldier_n and_o place_v his_o weak_a in_o the_o midst_n that_o the_o roman_n follow_v the_o retreit_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o be_v easy_o repel_v may_v be_v enclose_v on_o each_o side_n with_o the_o two_o cornet_n chap._n xx._n the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o ariovistus_fw-la the_o sign_n of_o battle_n be_v no_o soon_o give_v but_o the_o roman_n charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n so_o fierce_o caesar_n as_o though_o they_o mean_v to_o give_v themselves_o the_o lie_n for_o seem_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o once_o conceive_v any_o fear_n of_o the_o german_n and_o the_o enemy_n on_o the_o other_o side_n return_v so_o speedy_a a_o counterbuff_n that_o the_o legion_n have_v no_o time_n to_o cast_v their_o pile_n and_o therefore_o they_o speedy_o betake_v they_o to_o their_o sword_n but_o the_o german_n put_v themselves_o according_a to_o their_o manner_n into_o a_o phalanx_n receive_v the_o force_n of_o their_o sword_n without_o any_o danger_n or_o loss_n at_o all_o in_o the_o battle_n there_o be_v many_o legionarie_a soldier_n that_o be_v see_v to_o keep_v upon_o the_o phalanx_n &_o to_o pull_v up_o with_o their_o hand_n the_o target_n that_o cover_v it_o and_o so_o to_o wound_v &_o kill_v those_o that_o be_v underneath_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n they_o break_v &_o disperse_v it_o and_o so_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v overthrow_v &_o put_v to_o flight_n now_o while_o the_o right_a cornet_n be_v thus_o busy_v the_o left_a cornet_n be_v overcharge_v with_o a_o unequal_a multitude_n of_o the_o german_n which_o young_a crassus_n the_o perfect_a of_o the_o horseman_n no_o soon_o perceive_v have_v more_o scope_n and_o liberty_n than_o any_o of_o the_o commander_n that_o be_v in_o the_o battle_n he_o send_v tertiam_fw-la aciem_fw-la the_o three_o battle_n to_o rescue_v and_o aid_v their_o fellow_n that_o be_v in_o danger_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o fight_n be_v renew_v and_o all_o the_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o never_o look_v back_o until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v about_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o fight_v where_o some_o few_o of_o they_o save_v themselves_o by_o swim_v other_o find_v a_o few_o boat_n and_o so_o escape_v ariovistus_fw-la light_v upon_o a_o little_a bark_n tie_v to_o the_o shore_n with_o much_o a_o do_v recover_v the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o so_o save_v himself_o the_o rest_n be_v all_o slay_v by_o the_o horseman_n as_o caesar_n pursue_v the_o german_a horseman_n it_o be_v his_o chance_n to_o light_v upon_o valerius_n procillus_n as_o he_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o down_o by_o his_o keeper_n bind_v with_o three_o chain_n which_o accident_n be_v as_o grateful_a to_o he_o as_o the_o victory_n itself_o be_v so_o fortunate_a to_o recover_v his_o familiar_a friend_n who_o the_o barbarous_a enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v cast_v into_o prison_n &_o in_o his_o own_o presence_n have_v three_o several_a time_n cast_v lot_n upon_o his_o life_n whether_o he_o shall_v be_v then_o burn_v or_o reprive_v unto_o another_o time_n and_o still_o he_o be_v save_v by_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o lot_n and_o marcus_n titius_n be_v find_v in_o like_a manner_n and_o bring_v unto_o he_o the_o fame_n of_o this_o battle_n be_v carry_v beyond_o the_o rhine_n the_o suevi_fw-la that_o be_v come_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o rhine_n return_v home_o again_o who_o the_o inhabitant_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a river_n pursue_v and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o caesar_n have_v thus_o end_v two_o great_a war_n in_o one_o summer_n he_o bring_v his_o army_n into_o their_o winter_v camp_n somewhat_o soon_o than_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n require_v the_o first_o observation_n this_o phalanx_n here_o mention_v can_v hardly_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o right_a macedonian_a phalanx_n but_o we_o be_v rather_o to_o understand_v it_o to_o be_v so_o term_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o close_a and_o compact_a imbattail_v rather_o than_o in_o any_o other_o respect_n and_o it_o resemble_v much_o a_o testudo_fw-la as_o i_o say_v of_o the_o helvetian_a phalanx_n second_o i_o observe_v that_o caesar_n keep_v the_o old_a rule_n concern_v their_o discipline_n in_o fight_n for_o although_o the_o name_n of_o triaries_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o his_o history_n yet_o he_o omit_v not_o the_o substance_n which_o be_v to_o have_v primam_fw-la secundam_fw-la &_o tertiam_fw-la aciem_fw-la and_o that_o prima_fw-la acies_fw-la shall_v begin_v the_o battle_n and_o the_o second_o shall_v come_v fresh_a and_o assist_v they_o or_o peradventure_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v many_o and_o strong_a the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n be_v join_v together_o and_o so_o charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n with_o great_a fury_n and_o violence_n but_o at_o all_o adventure_n the_o three_o battle_n be_v ever_o in_o subsidio_fw-la as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o succour_v any_o part_n that_o shall_v be_v overcharge_v which_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o much_o consequence_n and_o of_o great_a wisdom_n for_o if_o we_o either_o respect_v the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o soldier_n or_o the_o casualty_n of_o fortune_n what_o can_v be_v more_o add_v to_o their_o discipline_n in_o this_o behalf_n then_o to_o have_v a_o second_o &_o a_o three_o succour_n to_o give_v strength_n to_o the_o faint_a weakness_n of_o their_o man_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o disadvantage_n which_o any_o accident_n shall_v cast_v upon_o they_o or_o if_o their_o valour_n be_v equal_o balance_v and_o victory_n stand_v doubtful_a which_o of_o the_o two_o party_n she_o shall_v honour_v these_o always_o step_v in_o be_v fresh_a against_o weary_a and_o over_o labour_v spirit_n and_o so_o draw_v victory_n in_o despite_n of_o casualty_n unto_o themselves_o the_o second_o observation_n concern_v use_n of_o lot_n lot_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o look_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o be_v in_o former_a time_n so_o general_a that_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n civil_a or_o barbarous_a but_o be_v direct_v in_o their_o great_a affair_n by_o the_o sentence_n of_o lot_n as_o we_o may_v not_o refuse_v for_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o which_o solomon_n say_v the_o 16_o of_o proverb_n the_o lot_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o lap_n but_o the_o direction_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n through_o the_o knowledge_n whereof_o josua_n be_v direct_v to_o take_v achan_n the_o mariner_n jonas_n and_o the_o apostle_n to_o consecrate_v mathias_n so_o whether_o the_o heathen_a and_o barbarous_a people_n who_o blindness_n in_o the_o way_n of_o truth_n can_v direct_v they_o no_o further_o then_o to_o senseless_a superstition_n and_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o duty_n which_o they_o owe_v but_o can_v not_o tell_v they_o what_o it_o be_v nor_o how_o to_o be_v perform_v whether_o these_o i_o say_v be_v persuade_v that_o there_o be_v any_o supernatural_a power_n in_o their_o lottery_n which_o direct_v the_o action_n to_o the_o decree_n of_o destiny_n and_o as_o the_o god_n will_v have_v it_o it_o remain_v doubtful_a aristotle_n the_o wise_a of_o the_o heathen_a concern_v thing_n natural_a name_v that_o event_n casual_a or_o proceed_v from_o fortune_n of_o which_o the_o reason_n of_o man_n can_v assign_v no_o cause_n or_o as_o he_o say_v which_o have_v no_o cause_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o happen_v in_o any_o action_n beside_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o workman_n be_v term_v a_o effect_n of_o fortune_n or_o chance_n of_o habnab_n for_o all_o other_o effect_n which_o depend_v upon_o a_o certain_a and_o definite_a cause_n be_v necessary_o produce_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v casual_a or_o subject_a to_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o chance_n and_o because_o many_o and_o sundry_a such_o chance_n daily_o happen_v which_o like_o terrae_fw-la filii_fw-la have_v no_o father_n and_o can_v not_o be_v warrant_v as_o lawful_a child_n either_o to_o nature_n or_o to_o reason_n by_o the_o appearance_n of_o a_o efficient_a cause_n they_o reduce_v they_o all_o to_o the_o power_n of_o fortune_n as_o the_o principal_a efficient_a and_o sovereign_a motor_n of_o all_o such_o unexpected_a event_n that_o be_v they_o make_v nothing_o else_o the_o governess_n and_o directress_n of_o many_o thing_n which_o afterward_o grow_v to_o such_o credit_n among_o man_n that_o it_o surpass_v in_o dignity_n all_o natural_a cause_n and_o be_v deify_v with_o celestial_a honour_n as_o the_o poet_n say_v nos_fw-la te_fw-la facimus_fw-la fortuna_fw-la deam_fw-la caeloque_fw-la locamus_fw-la by_o the_o providence_n of_o this_o blind_a goddess_n which_o hold_v her_o deity_n by_o the_o tenure_n of_o man_n ignorance_n be_v all_o casual_a action_n direct_v and_o especial_o lot_n the_o event_n whereof_o depend_v only_o upon_o her_o pleasure_n and_o decree_n neither_o can_v