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order_n	crown_n	excellent_a	great_a	32	3	2.1187	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65619	An account of the churches, or places of assembly, of the primitive Christians from the churches of Tyre, Jerusalem, and Constantinople described by Eusebius : and ocular observations of several very ancient edifices of churches yet extant in those parts : with a seasonable application / by Sir George Wheler ...	Wheler, George, Sir, 1650-1723.; Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340.	1689 (1689)	Wing W1606; ESTC R34742	41,000	136

Dangerous Council or Consistory of Chief Priests Priests become Honourable as well by Reverence as by Age. And you whoever you be about the Holy Table in any other Ministry of God and coming nigh to God who in near at hand And a little after Adieu ye Lovers of my Sermons and you who run and concur with me and you both Publick and Private Writers and thou Oppressed Chancel by those that Croud about the Word of God. Those Verses of Prudentius prove also the same thing Fonte sub adversa Gradibus sublime Tribunal Tollitur Antistes praedicat unde Deum This manner of Sitting together and both Preaching to the People and I believe Judging and pronouncing the Church-Censures from thence was also the Reason that the Assembly or consistory of the Bishop and his Presbyters was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mentioned in the Scripure and often in S. Ignatius's Epistles and here by S. Gregory as if they were Successors of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Council of the Chief Priests and Elders among the Children of Israel On each hand of this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Tribunal or Chancel viz. to the North and South are two other small Apartments about half the Bigness of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 covered usually at the Top with a small Cupolo as there is in like manner over the four Corners of the Temple which makes the whole Symetry of the Roof of it most Beautiful and Uniform Each of these have Two Doors one to Enter in from the Iles and another into the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That towards the North was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the Reverend Dr. Beveridge shews at large but it is now called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the present Greeks and in the present Rubricks both of S. Chrysostoms and S. Basils Liturgies There is usually a little Table in it and a Nich in the Wall where they lay up the Bread that is offered by the People or brought in for the Sacrament There also they prepare the Sacrament with some Ceremonies before they carry it solemnly in to the Altar and thither they carry it again to Eat and Drink up the Remains when the Liturgy is finish'd Which Table they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as well as the Bread 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and thence it is they carry it solemnly into the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming first out by the the Door towards the Ilo and thence enter in by the Great Door in the Middle The other on the South side they at present call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is commonly furnished with Shelves one above another whereon they lay their Books their Vestments and holy Vessels in such places as they dare keep them in the Church I have observed these Places in very Ancient Churches as at St. Luca and Corfu And those vast Ruins of Troy seem much to have been a Christian Church from this conformity of two Lesser Concaves on either hand of the Great one in the Middle The Material Church of the Ancients was thus Prepared and Adorned for the Solemn and Publick Worship of Almighty God. And thus Contrived for the Accommodation of every Class of the Spiritual Building to the Edification of the whole in Faith and Love according to the Measure of Grace that every one had received from the Lord. Here you see Magnificence without Gaudiness Splendor and Gravity mixt together Comliness and Beauty with Order and Reverence And all far from Foppery and Superstition The Edification of the whole in Love was the chief Concern of those truly Great and Zealous Pastors Thô they neglected not the External Reverence Decency and Order in their Assemblies yet it was with Regard to the Purifying the Flock of Christ even as he had given them Precepts and Examples to be Pure knowing this that without Holiness in Christ no man should see the Lord. And this They zealously pursued without looking for the Recompence of Reward that Man should give them but that Crown of Immortal Glory that the Righteous Judge should give them in that Day CHAP. IX The Order the Christian Assemblies were held in AS Their CHURCHES were Grave and yet Magnificent so was the ORDER of their Assemblies managed with great Simplicity and yet with great Authority and Spiritual Vigor with great Order yet with useful Plainness Their Ritual seems to be but short yet much better than the Great Volumes of Ceremonies the World has since seen in both the Eastern and Western Churches The Order of their Assemblies seem to be comprized in that short but excellent Canon of the Council of Laodicea Can. 19. That Men ought first to perform their own Devotions privately alone or by himself After that the Homilies of the Bishops and the Prayers of the Catechists is to be performed And after the going out of the Catechists the Prayer of the Penitents is to be performed and after these are Ministred to and departed thus shall the Three Prayers of the Faithful be made One to wit The first in Silence but the second and third shall be performed with a Loud Voice After which thus shall the Peace be given After the Presbyters have given the Peace to the Bishop the Laicks shall give the Peace and so the Holy Offering or Sacrament to be celebrated And it is fit that only the Clergy should enter in unto the Altar and there to Communicate Justin Martyr describes the Christian Assemblies to be held in much the same manner only he mentions the Reading the Scriptures before the Sermon On the Day which is called Sunday there is a Meeting together in one place of all that remain in the Cities and Countries And there they Read both out of the Apostles and out of the Writings of the Prophets so much as is sufficient for the time Then when the Reader leaves off the Bishop or President Preaches a Sermon Exhorting them to the Imitation of those Good things After which we usually all stand up and pour forth Prayers And as I said before when we desist from Praying Bread and Wine and Water is offered and the Bishop according to his ability offers Prayers and Thanksgiving and the People with a chearful Voice say Amen Then follows the Giving and Receiving of the Eucharist to Every one And to those that are not present it is sent by the Deacons Those that are Rich and willing every one according to his own Pleasure gives what he pleaseth What is Collected is deposited with the Bishop or President and he disspenceth it to the Orphans and Widows Sick or those who upon any Account are in want c. This Order seems very natural proper and most useful especially for those Times when the World was to be taught and not forced as by the Romans to profess what they either cannot understand or the more they do they see it to be Error Nonsense and

of the Church that Constantine built both for the Memory of the Apostles and his own Monument was the Vestibulum of the Church 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This I Translate Palaces because it is in the Plural Number and because they were joyned to the other Conveniencs of the Place for those that had the Care and Government of it For there is no likelyhood that there were more Churches than One which was the Famous great Building he is describing Dedicated to the Remembrance of the Apostles and which in the beginning of the Chapter he calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thô in the Singular Number it is generally used for a Chief Church to wit a Cathedral or some Great and Magnificent Building These Accommodations in this Church were joyned to the Peribolus or Outward Court and the Cloysters about it And I believe were Houses for the Bishop Presbyters and the other Clergy that had the Government of the Church of Constantinople CHAP. VIII A Description of the Ancient Churches and Assemblies of the Primitive Christians FRom these several Particulars and my own Observations of several Ancient Buildings I think I may now venture to make a General Description of the Ancient Church Of which I shall first Present you with a Scheme of the Prospect and Platform of it and then descend to the Particulars The Church Yard A Plane of the Primitive Churches Fig IIII. A Prof●●ect of the Ancient Church Fig V. This Wall had sometimes a Cloyster about it as the Church of the Apostles of Constantinople And to these Cloysters were built Apartments for Various Occasions of those that appertained to the Church as Houses for the Bishop and Presbyters for the Poor Widows c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 From the Entrances of this Outward Court you went strait forward to the Porch or Portico of the Church which the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which undoubtedly were very Magnificent both by Eusebius's Description and the Remains and Ancient Ruines of many I have seen That of the Emperor Jovian at Corfu is sustained by Corinthian Pillars of Marble That at Troy with vast Pillars of Marble with all the parts of most Beautiful Architecture to accompany it That of Sancta Sophia at Constantinople is double but seems somewhat Encombred with Modern Buildings of a Little Brick Steeple and others unproportioned to the Magnificence of the rest of the Fabrick The inward Roofs of them are Arched and Encrusted with Mosaick Work in divers Figures and the Ground-work gilded The Reverend and Learned Dr. Beveridge seems to make this distinct from the Three parts that the Ancient Church was divided into according to Simeon Thessalonicensis cited by him And for another Reason the Divine Temple is divided into Three parts To those without or before the Temple the Temple and the Bema or Chancel But 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 seems manifestly to me to point out the same thing with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Porch or Gate of the Temple So 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was used by the Ancient Greeks to signifie the Porch or Entrance into their Temples and not as a Part within their Temples but the first part at the Entrance This Symeons Periphrasis of it makes manifest 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Those without or before the Temple The same also that Zonaras makes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Without the Church and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Without the Church-Yard and interprets 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the 46th Canon of Carthage Balsomon makes to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon the 87th Can. in Trullo Besides I see no part of the Ancient Buildings accommodated to make them distinct no more than the present So that I can no longer doubt but that they were the same Whether there were any other Separation within or no made of Wood I cannot determine perhaps in Lesser Churches where there was no Portico it was divided into Three parts within the Doors as Dr. Beveridge has designed it From this Portico the Entrance into the Church was by Three large Doors the biggest of which was in the middle These were those I suppose that were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Great Doors and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Beautiful Gates But I suspect the Moderns confound those often with those of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Chancel which are sometimes called by that name These Doors at the Entrance of the Church Eusebius speaks of in his Church of Tyre and compares the middle Door to a Queen with her two Royal Attendants on each hand These Three Doors led into three General parts of the Church extended in Length from West to East The great Middle Door leads into the Body or Nave of the Church and the two Lesser ones at each Hand into the Iles And now you are entred into the NAOS or CHVRCH properly so called which was variously divided into diversity of Stations according to the different Sex Qualities and Degrees of the Assembly The Men in the Middle or Body of the Church and the Women as to this day on each Hand in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Iles The Married Women on one hand and the Virgins on the other And in some places in Galleries over those Iles separated from the View of the Men by a Latice That the Men were Anciently separated from the Women and the Men again Subdivided in the Latin Church also is manifest from that Fragment of an Inscription found at Rome and mentioned by Dr. Cave EX DEXTRA PARTE VIRORUM This Division of the Church appears in all the Ancient Churches I have seen That the Ancient Churches were also divided into diversity of Stations according to the different Christian Qualities or Ecclesiastical Degrees of the Persons is also manifest thô to place each particular Order exactly there is some difficulty I have not observed any Separation in Ancient Churches between the Great Doors and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Chancel but those Doors that let into the Chancel Thô undoubtedly as there was a Separation by Cancelli or Open work between the Stations of the Clergy and their holy Ministry from the Laity being the Station of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Faithful So likewise there was a Separation between the Station of the Faithful and the Penitents and Learners And this we find plain That the Penitents and Learners were placed next to the Door the Faithful next to them Eastward and the Clergy in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Chancel in the most Eastern part of the Church Eusebius makes none but the Faithful to enter within the Doors and assigns his Portico's and Cloysters for the Learners and Penitents But that some of them if not all were likewise permitted to come within the Church-Doors is also evident by that