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order_n common_a defend_v great_a 53 3 2.1237 3 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A66733 The law of laws, or, The excellencie of the civil law above all humane laws whatsoever by Sir Robert Wiseman ... ; together with a discourse concerning the oath ex officio and canonical purgation. Wiseman, Robert, Sir, 1613-1684.; Lake, Edward, Sir, 1596 or 7-1674. 1664 (1664) Wing W3113A; ESTC R33680 273,497 368

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function_n be_v without_o draw_v several_a way_n and_o clash_v one_o against_o another_o or_o question_v each_o other_o power_n sweet_o to_o join_v both_o in_o that_o most_o excellent_a and_o divine_a work_n of_o justice_n which_o may_v render_v the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n most_o quiet_a within_o themselves_o and_o honourable_o esteem_v by_o other_o but_o last_o there_o be_v a_o strange_a conceit_n that_o have_v get_v into_o the_o head_n of_o some_o man_n that_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o that_o they_o can_v be_v sever_v that_o if_o the_o one_o be_v admit_v the_o other_o will_v have_v access_n also_o and_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o canon_n law_n which_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n will_v open_v a_o wide_a gap_n to_o introduce_v all_o their_o superstition_n erroneous_a doctrine_n and_o prelatical_a discipline_n and_o so_o in_o time_n we_o shall_v become_v whole_o romish_n and_o antichristian_a and_o 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spiritualia_fw-la in_o order_n to_o the_o spiritual_a welfare_n of_o man_n soul_n as_o they_o pretend_v which_o be_v temporal_a and_o matter_n of_o civil_a intercourse_n between_o man_n and_o man_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o these_o title_n de_fw-fr pactis_fw-la de_fw-fr precario_fw-la de_fw-fr commodato_fw-la de_fw-fr deposito_fw-la de_fw-fr emptione_n &_o venditione_n de_fw-fr locato_fw-la &_o conducto_fw-la de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la permutatione_n de_fw-fr pignoribus_fw-la de_fw-fr donationibus_fw-la de_fw-fr testamentis_fw-la de_fw-fr treuga_n &_o pace_n de_fw-fr transactionibus_fw-la de_fw-fr decimis_fw-la primitiis_fw-la &_o oblationibus_fw-la de_fw-fr jure_fw-la patronatus_fw-la de_fw-fr sponsalibus_fw-la &_o matrimoniis_fw-la de_fw-fr successionibus_fw-la ab_fw-la intestato_fw-la de_fw-fr homicidio_fw-la voluntario_fw-la vel_fw-la casuali_fw-la de_fw-fr raptoribus_fw-la de_fw-fr furtis_fw-la and_o divers_a other_o and_o all_o these_o thing_n in_o their_o true_a nature_n be_v but_o 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of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o whosoever_o do_v take_v a_o survey_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n in_o the_o title_n above_o mention_v and_o in_o divers_a other_o he_o shall_v find_v it_o most_o take_v out_o and_o speak_v the_o very_a language_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o so_o much_o be_v note_v and_o observe_v all_o along_o by_o the_o very_a gloss_n and_o canonist_n themselves_o so_o that_o hereby_o the_o canon_n law_n appear_v to_o be_v of_o little_a use_n when_o for_o the_o order_n of_o those_o matter_n we_o may_v be_v supply_v from_o the_o fountain_n itself_o from_o whence_o the_o canon_n law_n have_v get_v it_o but_o suppose_v there_o be_v such_o a_o necessary_a concomitancy_n between_o these_o two_o law_n and_o that_o the_o use_n and_o practice_v of_o the_o one_o will_v be_v a_o sure_a inlet_n to_o the_o other_o as_o some_o do_v too_o fond_o imagine_v do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o error_n and_o superstition_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n must_v needs_o creep_v in_o too_o no_o more_o sure_o than_o
have_v the_o say_a contract_n sufficient_o and_o lawful_o prove_v before_o he_o to_o give_v sentence_n for_o matrimony_n command_v solemnisation_n cohabitation_n consummation_n and_o fractation_n as_o it_o become_v man_n and_o wife_n to_o have_v with_o inflict_v all_o such_o pain_n upon_o the_o disobedient_n and_o disturber_n thereof_o as_o in_o time_n pass_v before_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o king_n ecclesiastical_a judge_n by_o the_o king_n ecclesiastical_a law_n aught_o and_o may_v have_v do_v if_o the_o say_a statute_n have_v never_o be_v make_v any_o clause_n article_n or_o sentence_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o provide_v always_o and_o be_v it_o enact_v that_o this_o act_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o disannul_v dissolve_v or_o break_v any_o marriage_n that_o have_v or_o shall_v be_v solemnizate_v and_o consummate_v before_o the_o say_v first_o day_n of_o day_n next_o ensue_v by_o title_n or_o colour_n of_o any_o precontract_n but_o that_o they_o be_v and_o be_v deem_v of_o like_a force_n and_o effect_n to_o all_o intent_n construction_n and_o purpose_n as_o if_o this_o act_n have_v never_o be_v have_v ne_o make_v any_o thing_n in_o this_o present_a act_n notwithstanding_o provide_v also_o that_o this_o act_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o make_v good_a any_o of_o the_o other_o cause_n to_o the_o dissolntion_n or_o disannul_v of_o matrimony_n which_o be_v in_o the_o say_a act_n speak_v of_o and_o disannul_v but_o that_o in_o all_o other_o cause_n and_o other_o thing_n there_o mention_v the_o say_v former_a act_n of_o the_o two_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o famous_a memory_n do_v stand_v and_o remain_v in_o his_o full_a strength_n and_o power_n any_o thing_n in_o this_o act_n notwithstanding_o stat._n 1_o eliz._n 1._o by_o these_o the_o inconveniency_n appear_v of_o take_v away_o or_o alter_v a_o ancient_a long-settled_n law_n practise_v long_o in_o all_o christian_a country_n as_o this_o way_n which_o have_v it_o not_o be_v good_a probable_o the_o inconveniency_n and_o hurt_n of_o it_o have_v appear_v in_o so_o long_a a_o time_n and_o the_o law_n for_o the_o oath_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o purgation_n be_v of_o like_a antiquity_n and_o practice_n in_o all_o christian_a country_n without_o inconvenience_n or_o hurt_n thereby_o arise_v as_o yet_o that_o i_o ever_o can_v hear_v of_o therefore_o such_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v deep_o weigh_v and_o consider_v of_o before_o they_o be_v repeal_v or_o alter_v and_o now_o that_o i_o be_o speak_v of_o repeal_n and_o alter_v old_a law_n and_o make_v new_a i_o think_v fit_a to_o close_v this_o tract_n with_o some_o note_n of_o i_o draw_v up_o almost_o all_o of_o they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o usurp_a government_n and_o some_o after_o his_o majesty_n restauration_n and_o communicate_v to_o the_o sight_n of_o some_o of_o quality_n touch_v the_o repeal_n or_o alter_v of_o some_o old_a law_n and_o make_v new_a some_o be_v already_o past_a and_o effect_v as_o that_o for_o the_o lord_n the_o bishop_n sit_v again_o in_o the_o lord_n house_n in_o parliament_n and_o other_o thing_n these_o i_o offer_v with_o all_o humility_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o if_o it_o shall_v by_o those_o in_o authority_n be_v think_v fit_a otherwise_o to_o be_v as_o unsay_v protest_v that_o i_o retract_v as_o before_o any_o thing_n which_o be_v here_o mention_v that_o shall_v appear_v contrary_a to_o god_n word_n his_o majesty_n prerogative_n or_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n or_o the_o just_a policy_n and_o government_n of_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n touch_v parliament_n as_o a_o parliament_n well_o constitute_v and_o act_v regular_o proceed_n parliament_n proceed_n conduce_v much_o to_o the_o happiness_n of_o king_n and_o subject_a so_o any_o exorbitancy_n or_o deviation_n therein_o of_o which_o sure_o all_o unbiased_a man_n can_v but_o confess_v we_o have_v have_v too_o much_o sad_a experience_n in_o the_o long_a parliament_n work_v the_o contrary_a corruptio_fw-la optimi_fw-la pessima_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o long_a parliament_n some_o as_o it_o be_v idolise_v it_o even_o almost_o to_o a_o opinion_n even_o of_o infallibility_n of_o which_o they_o have_v make_v too_o much_o advantage_n to_o the_o misery_n of_o king_n and_o people_n some_o advise_v then_o that_o that_o great_a wheel_n that_o great_a court_n shall_v have_v have_v its_o sphere_n of_o activity_n it_o be_v know_v certain_a bound_n public_o declare_v and_o not_o have_v be_v like_o a_o great_a river_n prodigious_o overflow_a all_o its_o bank_n and_o bound_n such_o a_o parliament_n act_v regular_o be_v it_o not_o probable_a the_o member_n thereof_o will_v not_o so_o much_o have_v thirst_v to_o lengthen_v much_o less_o to_o perpetuate_v it_o they_o be_v call_v up_o to_o consult_v may_v not_o he_o that_o call_v his_o counsellor_n forbear_v consult_v he_o when_o he_o please_v and_o dismiss_v he_o the_o extent_n of_o a_o ordinance_n of_o parliament_n parliament_n ordinance_n of_o parliament_n have_v by_o some_o be_v tentor_v then_o even_o almost_o to_o infinity_o may_v it_o not_o have_v be_v precise_o circumscribe_v and_o the_o exact_a definition_n of_o a_o ordinance_n give_v as_o also_o the_o just_a privilege_n of_o parliament_n explicit_o have_v be_v make_v know_v parliament_n privilege_n of_o parliament_n that_o the_o subject_n may_v not_o then_o have_v swear_v or_o promise_v or_o protest_v to_o have_v maintain_v and_o observe_v they_o and_o yet_o can_v not_o possible_o know_v what_o they_o be_v that_o due_a care_n shall_v have_v be_v take_v that_o they_o may_v have_v be_v observe_v and_o keep_v inviolable_a on_o all_o side_n neither_o diminish_v nor_o screw_v too_o high_a and_o both_o the_o member_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o people_n to_o have_v have_v their_o just_a right_n entire_a and_o for_o this_o purpose_n that_o that_o protestation_n then_o put_v in_o by_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a the_o bishop_n protestation_n the_o bishop_n protestation_n with_o their_o petition_n to_o have_v the_o force_n remove_v that_o keep_v they_o from_o the_o lord_n house_n shall_v have_v be_v well_o consider_v on_o and_o the_o right_n of_o protestation_n in_o parliament_n declare_v and_o maintain_v be_v a_o great_a privilege_n and_o whether_o after_o a_o just_a protestation_n unjust_o reject_v and_o the_o member_n keep_v out_o of_o the_o house_n by_o force_n that_o so_o protest_a and_o petition_v whether_o the_o other_o member_n can_v then_o have_v proceed_v further_o in_o the_o house_n in_o the_o late_a king_n time_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n be_v imprison_v in_o the_o tower_n about_o his_o son_n marriage_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lenox_n daughter_n be_v of_o the_o blood_n royal_a without_o the_o king_n consent_n the_o lord_n will_v do_v nothing_o in_o their_o house_n till_o he_o be_v restore_v in_o regard_n he_o be_v commit_v only_o for_o a_o misdemeanour_n and_o neither_o for_o treason_n felony_n nor_o breach_n of_o peace_n in_o which_o case_n they_o then_o confess_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n in_o parliament_n time_n may_v be_v keep_v prisoner_n estate_n the_o king_n none_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n as_o 1_o eliz._n 3._o and_o elsewhere_o and_o the_o king_n be_v none_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o have_v be_v false_o hold_v but_o the_o head_n and_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o be_v but_o member_n and_o further_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a estate_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o 8_o eliz._n 1._o some_o doubt_v whether_o one_o of_o the_o estate_n can_v destroy_v another_o and_o whether_o that_o come_v not_o near_o the_o contradict_v that_o axiom_n that_o the_o parliament_n can_v be_v felo_fw-la de_fw-la se_fw-la whether_o that_o concern_v not_o the_o lord_n temporal_a and_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a as_o for_o his_o late_a majesty_n assent_n it_o be_v know_v how_o far_o the_o prevalent_a power_n in_o both_o house_n then_o carry_v that_o and_o other_o thing_n too_o to_o the_o misery_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o know_v not_o in_o what_o condition_n the_o king_n then_o be_v force_a to_o fly_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o tumult_n from_o westminster_n to_o remote_a place_n and_o as_o touch_v that_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o their_o expulsion_n out_o of_o the_o lord_n house_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v forget_v that_o when_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v into_o the_o lord_n house_n it_o be_v reject_v and_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v bring_v in_o again_o that_o session_n yet_o afterward_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o order_n and_o course_n of_o parliament_n bring_v in_o again_o when_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v absent_a if_o
voluminous_a to_o reckon_v up_o the_o several_a species_n of_o the_o sinister_a artifices_fw-la and_o gin_n which_o be_v then_o dexterous_o use_v in_o that_o long_a parliament_n to_o promote_v unrighteous_a end_n very_o often_o by_o tumult_n which_o be_v at_o the_o best_a of_o some_o factious_a person_n by_o clamour_n and_o menace_n as_o it_o be_v to_o force_v away_o such_o member_n as_o they_o know_v will_v oppose_v their_o design_n by_o petition_n too_o which_o be_v but_o a_o kind_n of_o tumult_n too_o in_o another_o dress_n and_o most_o shameful_o carry_v on_o and_o gain_v many_o time_n whether_o we_o consider_v the_o inconsiderableness_n of_o the_o petitioner_n oyster-woman_n barber_n schoolboy_n as_o in_o some_o petition_n against_o bishop_n if_o not_o other_o as_o much_o if_o not_o more_o contemptible_a or_o whether_o we_o consider_v the_o number_n of_o the_o petitioner_n many_o subscribe_v they_o that_o know_v nothing_o of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o petition_n if_o not_o sometime_o give_v power_n with_o a_o strange_a implicit_a faith_n to_o cerrain_a man_n of_o their_o faction_n to_o set_v to_o their_o hand_n to_o what_o petition_n soever_o their_o party_n shall_v frame_v the_o petition_n perhaps_o frame_v in_o london_n and_o never_o send_v into_o the_o country_n but_o thousand_o of_o hand_n send_v up_o in_o schedule_n to_o be_v put_v to_o whatsoever_o the_o framer_n shall_v please_v if_o not_o also_o which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o some_o petition_n send_v up_o out_o of_o far_o distant_a remote_a part_n from_o london_n with_o very_a many_o hand_n subscribe_v and_o the_o petition_n after_o they_o be_v come_v up_o to_o london_n alter_v and_o yet_o the_o same_o hand_n continue_v or_o set_v to_o it_o insomuch_o as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o long_a parliament_n it_o be_v at_o lest_o once_o observe_v that_o some_o petition_n or_o a_o petition_n with_o some_o thousand_o of_o hand_n subscribe_v and_o come_v from_o some_o part_n remote_a from_o london_n and_o bring_v into_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o and_o there_o read_v in_o the_o morning_n take_v notice_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o petition_n of_o some_o passage_n of_o word_n speak_v in_o the_o house_n the_o forego_n evening_n whereupon_o one_o merry_o ask_v what_o notable_a mercury_n have_v that_o last_o night_n go_v from_o london_n into_o those_o remote_a part_n and_o get_v so_o many_o hand_n in_o a_o night_n time_n and_o bring_v they_o back_o thither_o that_o morning_n this_o do_v almost_o put_v some_o to_o the_o blush_n if_o that_o have_v be_v possible_a happy_a can_v it_o have_v suffundere_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la ruborem_fw-la the_o want_n whereof_o do_v effundere_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la cruorem_fw-la so_o common_a be_v this_o stratagem_n of_o petition_v grow_v that_o it_o give_v occasion_n to_o some_o satirist_n to_o paste_v up_o that_o distich_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o back-door_n lead_v to_o the_o lord_n house_n viz._n bellua_fw-la multorum_fw-la capitum_fw-la populus_fw-la fuit_fw-la olim_fw-la at_o nunc_fw-la multarum_fw-la bellua_fw-la fit_a manuum_fw-la it_o be_v long_o before_o the_o roman_n will_v publish_v a_o law_n against_o parricide_n and_o such_o unnatural_a and_o horrid_a crime_n and_o the_o historian_n give_v the_o reason_n ne_o dum_fw-la prohibent_fw-la jubent_fw-la and_o haply_o that_o reason_n may_v well_o forbid_v i_o and_o other_o from_o too_o much_o enumerate_v the_o unjust_a subtlety_n and_o deceitful_a way_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o rather_o be_v it_o to_o be_v wish_v that_o if_o possible_a they_o be_v bury_v in_o perpetual_a oblivion_n and_o no_o topic_n be_v leave_v of_o they_o except_z as_o landmark_n to_o avoid_v and_o detest_v they_o for_o which_o end_n to_o good_a purpose_n perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v time_n well_o spend_v to_o ruminate_v upon_o the_o journal_o of_o the_o long_a parliament_n with_o their_o declaration_n ordinance_n and_o remonstrance_n and_o his_o majesty_n declaration_n answer_v and_o confute_v they_o especial_o that_o of_o aug._n 12._o 1642._o for_o reformation_n of_o such_o obliquity_n of_o tire_v out_o the_o member_n and_o surprise_v of_o they_o in_o a_o thin_a house_n for_o as_o to_o that_o way_n of_o petition_n and_o tumult_n it_o be_v to_o be_v hope_v it_o will_v not_o be_v attempt_v again_o some_o wish_v this_o may_v have_v be_v remedy_v if_o think_v fit_a by_o fix_v a_o competent_a time_n for_o so_o many_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o sit_v in_o not_o to_o be_v exceed_v but_o by_o consent_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o house_n to_o be_v constitute_v as_o hereafter_o follow_v that_o no_o vote_n shall_v have_v be_v pass_v in_o either_o house_n debate_n a_o competent_a number_n of_o parliament-man_n to_o be_v at_o every_o debate_n without_o a_o matter_n of_o two_o part_n of_o three_o or_o more_o as_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o of_o the_o house_n hear_v the_o matter_n full_o debate_v and_o that_o no_o matter_n to_o be_v debate_v shall_v be_v propound_v till_o such_o a_o number_n have_v be_v visible_o present_a in_o the_o house_n which_o may_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n have_v be_v easy_o discern_v if_o the_o seat_n in_o the_o house_n have_v be_v so_o particular_o dispose_v that_o without_o tell_v their_o particular_a number_n by_o the_o clerk_n or_o any_o other_o it_o may_v have_v be_v know_v which_o may_v have_v be_v easy_o do_v thus_o in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o observe_v the_o manner_n how_o it_o may_v be_v constant_o observe_v each_o long_a seat_n in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n thereof_o down_o towards_o the_o door_n to_o contain_v thirty_o or_o forty_o partition_n or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o length_n of_o the_o seat_n will_v bear_v so_o that_o in_o each_o partition_n there_o can_v but_o one_o man_n sit_v and_o a_o order_n make_v which_o seat_n shall_v be_v first_o fill_v and_o which_o next_o and_o so_o successive_o one_o after_o another_o and_o none_o to_o go_v into_o the_o second_o seat_n till_o the_o first_o be_v fill_v nor_o into_o the_o three_o till_o the_o second_o be_v fill_v and_o so_o to_o the_o rest_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o to_o make_v it_o at_o the_o first_o view_n clear_a the_o number_n of_o every_o partition_n in_o order_n to_o be_v in_o great_a legible_a figure_n set_v over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o person_n that_o sit_v in_o that_o partition_n as_o 1.2.3.4_o etc._n etc._n then_o it_o be_v know_v be_v make_v so_o plain_a and_o certain_a how_o many_o person_n each_o seat_n when_o fill_v contain_v as_o thirty_o or_o forty_o etc._n etc._n each_o seat_n be_v to_o contain_v equal_a number_n if_o that_o may_v be_v at_o least_o each_o seat_n of_o the_o side_n so_o many_o and_o each_o at_o the_o end_n so_o many_o equal_o it_o be_v quick_o determine_v by_o see_v how_o many_o seat_n be_v fill_v or_o how_o many_o be_v in_o such_o seat_n whether_o the_o number_n require_v to_o be_v at_o the_o pass_v such_o vote_n be_v then_o there_o or_o not_o the_o seat_n for_o privy_a counsellor_n may_v notwithstanding_o this_o be_v distinct_a and_o keep_v for_o they_o and_o for_o committee_n some_o such_o course_n to_o be_v take_v too_o if_o need_n be_v in_o a_o due_a proportion_n in_o the_o lord_n house_n such_o distinction_n of_o seat_n and_o partition_n can_v be_v convenient_o so_o do_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o requisite_a priority_n of_o place_n there_o which_o be_v otherwise_o then_o in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o yet_o the_o competent_a number_n there_o that_o house_n be_v not_o near_o so_o numerous_a as_o the_o commons_o house_n which_o have_v need_n be_v as_o many_o in_o proportion_n as_o the_o commons_o house_n may_v have_v be_v quick_o and_o easy_o discernible_a the_o number_n of_o forty_o in_o the_o commons_o house_n and_o a_o much_o less_o in_o the_o lord_n house_n though_o by_o many_o account_v to_o be_v a_o competent_a number_n to_o make_v up_o a_o house_n we_o have_v see_v how_o upon_o design_n ill_a use_n be_v make_v of_o it_o in_o the_o long_a parliament_n which_o can_v not_o easy_o perhaps_o not_o at_o all_o have_v be_v do_v with_o so_o great_a a_o number_n to_o instance_n no_o more_o the_o pitiful_a number_n of_o peer_n present_a at_o the_o pass_v that_o pretend_a ordinance_n for_o the_o late_a lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n death_n may_v be_v think_v on_o some_o advise_v parliament_n fee_n to_o the_o officer_n of_o parliament_n that_o it_o may_v have_v be_v consider_v what_o fee_n shall_v have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o parliament_n clerk_n sergeant_n and_o other_o officer_n some_o then_o conceive_v they_o to_o have_v be_v very_o high_a touch_v new_a law_n declaration_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v make_v and_o old_a law_n to_o be_v repeal_v and_o alter_v we_o have_v see_v in_o that_o long_a parliament_n what_o ill_a construction_n be_v make_v by_o some_o man_n of_o precedent_n in_o forego_v