having cast off his loose powder then to cast about his Musket to his left side drawing backe with his Musket his left foote and hand till the mouth of the musket come right to his hand to charge againe in the same place standing firme till his follower marched by him on his right hand standing at the same distance before him that he stood behinde and then to give fire blowing his pan priming casting off and retiring his musket with his left hand and foote and to charge againe as is said and so forth one after another discharging at a like distance till at last the Rot-master should be under-rot and the under-rot Leader and then his follower marching up by him while as he is charging giving fire on the enemy and having discharged standing still also charging till in th' end the Rot-master come to be Leader againe and so forth still advancing per vices till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and Buts of Muskets Thus having exercised the Rots apart for a weeke or two doubtlesse they will become expert Souldiers in using their Armes when they are joyned in a strong body lesse or more The Pike-men would be exercised also by Rots apart in the severall Postures thereof till they were acquainted also with their Leaders and were made expert in using their Pikes aright till thereafter the whole body of Pikes might be exercised apart with great ease to their Officers The Musketiers being drawne in a body being sixteene or thirty-two men in Front being but six Rancks deepe the first Rancke discharging at once casting about their muskets and charging all alike the second Rancke marches through every follower going by on the right hand of his Leader standing before him at the distance they were behinde and then being firme they give fire all alike on their enemies blowing priming casting about and charging all alike where they stand till per vices the whole Ranckes have discharged and so forth ut antea successively advancing and giving fire till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and being thus well exercised in advancing to the enemy and winning ground if through necessity they be forced to retire from an enemy losing ground they must also keepe their faces to their enemies the Reare being still in fire and the last Rancke having given fire they march through the Rancks till they that were last are first comming off and so per vices till they have made a safe retreate the Reare which is ever the Front coming from an enemy is in fire The manner to exercise a body of Musketiers TO exercise a Squadron of Musketiers how strong soever they be the number of Rancks being no deeper than six the files being even may be so many as your voice can extend to ever observing that your Command be given in the Front otherwise may breede disorder and before you begin to command you would enter first with a Prologue as good Orators commonly doe to reconciliat their hearers attendance even so you ought with an exhortation of attendance entreate but by way of command your Souldiers not to be gazing in time of their exercise but with stedfastnesse to settle their mindes on their exercise that they may the better observe and obey the words of command and above all things you are to command them to keepe silence not babling one to another neither in their motions to suffer their Armes to rattle one against another alwayes to take heede to their Leaders that goe before them and to follow them orderly without disturbance keeping and observing their due distance either of Ranckes or Files which may be easily done if they but duely follow their Leaders and have an eye on their right and left fellow Camerades for keeping their Ranckes even in a like Front Likewise they are to observe when they are commanded to turne any where whether it be by Rancks or Files that their faces may by turned to the hand they are commanded to before they sturre to march and then to march alike and when ever they double Rancks or Files or counter-march they must ever observe to retire to the contrary hand they were commanded to double on if they doubled to the right when they fall off they retire turning to the left hand et contra for avoiding of disorder or hinderance that their Armes would make if they retired to the same hand they were commanded to double or march to In their counter-marches it is also requisit in time of exercise that neither Officer nor Souldier doe presume to command direct or finde fault with the errour but he that commands in chiefe whether he be superiour or inferiour Officer for the time since it is said when many speake few heare Therefore he must command alone suffering no rivall for avoiding of disorder Order therefore of distance being a chiefe point observed in exercising is three fold to wit Open order of Rancks or Files is six foote of distance being betwixt Rancks and Files both alike only requisit to be observed in mustering or while as they stand in danger of Cannon not being in battaile where in battaile order the distance to be observed betwixt Rancks or Files should be three foote where Elbow to Elbow of the side Camerades may joyne where in the open order aforesaid hand to hand can but joyne But in close order used most in conversion or wheeling is shoulder to shoulder and foote to foote firme keeping themselves together for feare to be put asunder by the force of their enemies and then to disorder which is ever to be looked unto chiefely before an enemy Your speech thus ended for your generall directions you begin againe to command silence and to take heed what is commanded to be done saying Height your Musketiers dresse your Rancks and Files to your open order of six foote and take heede To the rìght hand turne as you were To the left hand turne as you were To the right hand about turne as you were To the left hand about turne as you were To the right hand double your Rancks as you were To the left hand double your Rancks as you were The even Rancks or Files double ever unto the odde and the fourth Rancke is the middle Rancke of six To the right hand double your Files as you were To the left han◠double your Files as you were Middle-men or fourth Rancke to the right hand double your Front To the left hand retire as you were Middle-men to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were Nota. The sixth Rancke is called bringers up or reare or under Rot-masters Bringers up to the right hand double your Front To the left hand as you were Bringers up to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were All that doubled turne first about and then they retire falling behinde those were their Leaders before in the same place
or distance This doubling of the bringers up or of middle-men is very requisit in giving a generall salve of Musket and as it is to be observed in rancks that the best men are placed in front reare and middle even so in files every Corporalship being foure files of Musketiers the likeliest are put ever in the right and left files of the foure being also of best experience The doubling of rancks being done and all remitted in good order and to their first distance of open order you are to command and exercise Souldiers in three severall wayes of counter-marching requisit in some respects but in my opinion to be used but seldome except it be in necessity in such parts as the ground will not permit otherwise therefore to avoide disorder Souldiers ought not to be ignorant of any of the three sorts of counter-marching First having commanded the Souldiers to dresse their rancks and files and to carry their Muskets handsomly keeping silence say To the right hand the counter-march without noise or losing of ground To the left hand retire againe to the former ground Then command againe to dresse rancks and files and to right their Armes keeping silence taking heede to what is to be commanded and say To the right hand turne Then the Flancke before being now the Front command To the right hand counter-march and lose no ground To the left hand as you were This is used ordinarily to change one wing of Battaile in place of the other then that the Front may be as it was first before they Countermarcht To the left hand turne dresse your Rankes and Files and be silent Another sort of Countermarch is the Slavonian countermarch where you lose ground the Front being changed also then you command the first Ranke to turne about to the right hand then you say to the rest Countermarch and through to your former distance after your Leaders Then say Leaders as you were and to the rest To the left hand countermarch as you were to your first ground The third sort of countermarch I esteeme most of to be practised being rather a conversion very requisit to be well knowne to all Souldiers in all Armies chiefly to be used before an enemy for as it is most sudden so in my opinion it breeds least disorder and disturbance the Souldiers once used to it of themselves they will willingly doe it on any occasion the body being before in open order or Battaile order say Close the Ranks and Files to your closse order without encumbering one of another every man following right his owne Leader keeping closse to his side man then say To the right hand the quarter turne halfe or whole as the occasion and the ground doth permit and then say Dresse your Armes and follow your Leaders and open againe to your Battaile order Lastly the body of your Musketiers exercised perfectly after this manner for the better bringing of them in exercise and breath that in case any disorder may happen amongst them they may the better afterward be acquainted one with another say to your open order of six foote distances Open both Rankes and Files and set downe your Armes handsomely where you stand then command your Sergeant to goe an hundred paces from the body of your Musketiers and sticke in his Holbert in the ground then admonish your Souldiers that at the tucke of your Drumme they runne from their Armes about the Holbert and to stay there till the Drumme recall them againe to their Armes which being done it makes the Souldiers able in breath to know one anothers place in case they should be brought at any time in disorder to recover themselves the better Thus much for the training of Souldiers in changing of place as you will have them without giving of fire When you have gotten your Souldiers thus experimented in their motions then are you to acquaint them with shot in giving of fire to make them fix against their enemies which is easily done having once apart and singularly used their Muskets after the order of the severall postures belonging thereto as was commanded their inferiour Officers and Leaders to teach them before they were exercised Therefore before you come to the particular formes of giving fire you shall first give some generall directions to be observed by all for avoiding the hurting of themselves or of their Camerades as also how they can best offend their enemies and to this effect you shall admonish in love all brave Musketiers first to have their Muskets cleere and hansome and above all fix in the worke especially every Souldier would be well knowne with his owne Musket and cocke to cocke aright then to hold the mouth or Cannon of his Musket ever high up either being on his shoulder or in priming or guarding of his panne but in giving fire never higher or lower than levell with the enemies middle then your Musketiers being in readinesse your Muskets charged they may be commanded to give fire in skirmish disbandoned as their Officers doe direct them to advance or retire as the occasion offers also to give fire by Ranckes Files Divisions or in Salves as the Officer pleaseth to command to the effect they may be fixed Omni modo though in my opinion one way is the best yet there are severall wayes of giving fire in advancing to an enemy as retiring from an enemy or in standing firme before an enemy either by Rancks or by Files made to Rancks Advancing to an enemy not being disbandoned but in one bodie they give fire by Rancks to Rancks having made readie alike they advance ten paces before the bodie being led up by an Officer that stands in even Front with them the Cannon or mouth of their Muskets of both Rancks being past his bodie The second Rancke being close to the backe of the foremost both gives fire alike priming and casting about their Muskets they charge againe where they stand till the other two Rancks advance before them and give fire after the same manner till the whole Troope hath discharged and so to beginne againe as before after the order of the through-countermarch ever advancing to an enemie never turning backe without death or victorie And this is the forme that I esteeme to be the best as for the rest they are not to be much used but this order can be used winning ground advancing or losing ground in a Retreate When you would command the body of your Musketiers to give fire in a Salve as is ordinarie in Battell before an enemy joyne or against Horsemen then you command the bringers up or Reare to double the Front to the right hand and to make readie having the match cocked and their pannes well guarded having closed the three Rancks though not the Files the Officers standing in equall Front with the foremost Rancke betwixt two Divisions he commands to give fire one Salve two or three and having charged againe and shouldered their Armes they retire to
the left hand againe every man falling behinde his owne Leader Being on retiring from the enemie the whole bodie having made readie as they march off in order a qualified Officer being in the Reare and qualified Officers in the Van to order them that fall up the last two Rancks in the Reare turne faces about and the whole body with them and the two Rancks having given fire they march through the body to the Van and order themselves as they were before and so successively the whole bodie gives fire ever by two Rancks and falls off till such time as they have made their Retreate sure Thus much of fire-giving by Rancks on two or three as you please at once and no more Now a little for the exercising of the Squadron of Pikes in generall for the generall motion certaine directions are to be observed concerning Pikes that the Souldiers keepe their Pikes cleane and cleere and never to be suffered to cut off the lengths of their Pikes as often is seene upon marches being very uncomely to see a Squadron of Pikes not of one length likewise in all motions with the Pike the hand and foote ought to goe alike and the Souldier would be expert in giving the right pousse with the Pike backwards and forwards Your Squadron of Pikes as they ought to march with the Drumme so they ought to obey the Drumme beating a Troope a Charge a Call a Retreate As also to traile their Pikes to make reverence with the Pike being shouldred and your Squadron of Pikes being but six deepe in Rancke your Files may be so many as can well heare your voyce in Command providing there be no odde File and thus well ordered at their open order of six foote distance command to mount their Pikes then calling for a Drumme beside you let him beate a march then they are to shoulder their Pikes flat or slaunt carried and then to march a little let your Drumme againe beate a Troope then they mount their Pikes and troope away fast or slow as your passe leades them stopping or advancing as you doe then let your Drumme beate a Charge then they charge their Pikes and advance fast or slow as you lead them and retire also backwards their Pikes charged as you will have them then troope againe and they mount their Pikes march and shoulder and haulting let the Drumme beate againe and they order their Pikes on the ground as first being at their distance and trooping againe they mount their Pikes so that you can command them to Battell order or closse order for Wheeling or Counter-marching at your owne pleasure In repayring to their Colours or comming from watch they should ever walke with their Pikes mounted as also they may use this posture on Contrie and your Pikes mounted and at your open order you can use all doublings that your Musketiers used as also to present to Front Reare right or left hand the curiositie of the turnes to the right or left hand in Van or Reare the Pike being shouldred you can also teach them as you will though not much to be used in exercise and the Pikes thus well exercised having seene frequent danger can doe good service against Horsemen and against foote to foote either in battell entering a Towne or breach or retiring or advancing to choake an enemie on walls within Townes or Forts they are very commodious for service providing they resolve to fight well and to abide by their Officers and in my opinion being well led they may beate Musketiers accidently off the Feild and being well lined with shot they are a safeguard against Horsemen having the least advantage of ground Thus much in briefe for the use of the Pike the most honourable of all weapons and my choice in day of battell and leaping a storme or entering a breach with a light brest-plate and a good head-piece being seconded with good fellowes I would choose a good halfe-Pike to enter with CERTAINE OBSERVATIONS VVORTHY THE YOVNGER Officer his consideration being short and practicall for his Highnesse speciall use I. THIS life is a Comedy or a Play wherein every one doth his part we should presse to passe it over with moderate affections that the end be not cruell or dolefull as in Tragedies but full of mirth like a Comedy II. Vnto the Victor the life is sweete and happy but to those that are overcome nothing is more bitter then to put their hopes in their Enemies mercy III. As unto Champions of old lots gave fellowes and not election with whom they should fight so every one of us hath destines in our times where with to strive IIII. As he who goeth a journy doth reckon the miles so he that hath entred the way of this life shall not determine of his yeares For as from the spring flow the Rivers from the roote the branch so from the first education cometh the rest of mans life And if thou wouldst live truely thou must presse to profit thy country to defend the Common-wealth and to live well without liberty thou must preferre death before ignominious shame or slavery For as this life is Rosie so it hath flowers mixed with thornes the one to be plucked up the other to be eschewed so farre as we may V. It is a part of victory to trouble the enemy before we fight and as it is laudable to overcome an enemy it is no lesse praise worthy to have pitty on the miserable For as courage doth merit infinite glory so the love of all and the good will of all merits mercy and meekenesse VI. The feeble and weake minded man is ever pridfull in prosperity for he thinkes his vertues are such as can maintaine the Fortunes which he hath gotten and thinks still he is able to attaine and acquire more and more but when the tempest of adversity doth arise then is he so farre afraid that he becomes voide of all hopes and this oftentimes is the cause of the suddaine change of his fortunes VII Nothing doth diminish more the publishing of praise then when one continually casteth up his owne successe in actions of warre and oftimes striving to get abundance of honour men show their riches of swelling pride for disdaining his former friends he misk nowes his acquaintance pressing to goe before he is greevous or displeasing to all his familiars Our care then should be to want this arrogancy ostentation or pride and pray for humility being more acceptable unto God then detestable pride which is an unprofitable evill a secret poyson a hidden pest the ingenier of deceipt the mother of hypocrisie the parent of envy the beginner of vice the moth of holinesse the blinder of hearts breeding sicknesse out of remedies and begetting langour out of medicine VIII There is ever some fatality incident unto those that desire vaine-glory or ostentation and those that are proud rejecting the prayers of the humble with disdaine they often incurre the indignation of God and fall
in the checkes of fortune that we carried in her softest smiles It was Zantippe's observation that she ever found Socrates returne with the same countenance that he went abroad withall I wish no man so spiritlesse as to let all abuses presse the dulnesse of a willing shoulder for resolution is alwayes necessary in the waine of fortune to save vs from discontentments that usually deject us A wise man makes the trouble lesse by fortitude when a foole stoupes to it The world hath nothing so glorious as vertue which is like the passage of Haniball over the Alpes a worke of trying toyle of infinite danger but once performed it lets him in unto the worlds Garden Italy leaving him a lasting fame My Chiefe and cosen the Baron of Fowles being in his travels in France a litle prodigall in his spending redacted his estate to a weake point being advised by his friends timely to looke to the wounds of his house and family and to foresee the best cure to keep burthen off his estate having engaged his Revenewes for teene yeares to pay his Creditors he went beyond sea a voluntier to Germanie with Mac-Keyes Regiment well accompanyed with a part of his neerest friends and having the patience to attend his fortune his first employment was to be a Captaine of a company of Scots souldiers leavied by himselfe and there after advanced to be a Colonell of horse foot of strangers under the invincible King of Sweden of worthy memorie Thus farre of the Barron of Fowles in my first observation to animate other Cavaliers borne of lesse fortunes to follow his vertues in being patient though their preferments come not at first loving vertue for her end Here also we see by the example of the Dutch Captaine formerly spoken of that pride in a noble nature is as rare to be found as humilitie in an unworthy minde and arrogancie is a weede that ever growes in a dunghill and no circumstance can make the expression of pride laudable for the affronting man by his owne follie should be taught the way to his duetie as the Dutch Captaine was who out of his pride and arrogancie would second a first wrong with contempt was taught humilitie in so much as he was made beholden to those for his life whom out of his pride he had offended The second dutie discharged of the rising of the Regiment from Quarters going on their first March. THE Colonell recovered of his sicknesse tooke shipping from Scotland to Holland and from thence over land to Holsten accompanied with Captaine Mac-Kenyee and Captaine Pomfrey arrived in the latter end of March Anno 1627 in Holsten where he was welcomed by his Regiment At his comming orders were given his Regiment should be brought in Armes at Eittho where his Majestie would take their Oathes of fidelitie The Regiment being come together at the Randezvouz was drawn vp in three divisions artending his Majesties comming in good order of battaile all Officers being placed according to their stations orderly Colours fleeing Drummes beating horses neying his Majestie comes royally forward Salutes the Regiment and is saluted againe with all due respect and reverence used at such times his Majestie having viewed Front Flancks and Reare the Regiment fronting all wayes towards his Ma tie who having made a stand ordained the Regiment to march by him in divisions which orderly done and with great respect and reverence as became his Majestie being mightily well pleased did prayse the Regiment that ever therafter was most praise worthy The Colonell and the principall Officers having kissed his Majesties hand retired to their former stations till the Oath was publikely given both by Officers and souldiers being drawne in a Ring by conversion as use is at such times The Oath finished the Articles of warres reade and published by a Banke of the Drummer Major and his associates the Regiment remitted marches off orderly by companies to their quarters to remaine till orders were given for their vp-breaking The next day the Colonell and Lievetenant colonell were commanded to march over the Elve with seaven companyes and to beset the Towne of Stoade with two companies and then to march with the other five towards the Waser streame to joyne with the English forces commanded by Generall Morgan being foure Regiments of foote The Sergeant Major Dumbarre with the remnant foure companies was commanded towards Lawenburg fearing the enemy was to crosse the Elve our orders dulie followed we are thus severed marching to our severall Randezvouz entring to take paines for our former too much pleasure and riot used in our winter quarters On this expedition towards the Waser streame unfortunately Captaine Boswell comming after the Regiment was killed by a number of villanous Boores ever enemies to souldiers the Cavaliers death was much regrated of all that knew him and no reparation had for his death But the Boores being fled the Dorpe was burnt off Being thus joyned to Generall Morgan his forces where we remayned ten weekes having had great dutie in watching many alarummes but little service so that our souldiers longing for service said the Emperialists were no enemies yet when the service was once offered the smart came with it in great Our Lievetenant colonell and his company did march from vs towards Lawenburg and joyned with the other foure companyes and the Sergeant Major Dumbarre was sent to command the Colonells division on the Waser the Colonell being gone to sollicite moneyes for the Regiment seeing the English Regiment did get weekely meanes whereas we were entertained on proviant bread beere and bacon The second Observation NOthing procures more faithfull service then the Masters liberalitie This magnanimous King his liberalitie we could not complaine of having payd us in money and with assignation of moneys on our owne King and good Quarters we had which were not reckoned unto us our true fidelitie his Majestie did oft-times commend and our service both Therefore in my opinion that bloud is not to be accounted lost which is shed for a Noble Master Diligent and discreet servants are the best friends a noble King or Prince can be blest withall And as our deserving in this service was good our respect was more than answerable having beene many times feasted and Royally entertained at his Majesties Table being of servants made companions to the King our Master Let no man then thinke it bondage to serve a noble Master and a bountifull King as this was yet he that lackes this ambition to be made companion to earthly Kings following this worldly warfare I would admonish him to be thankfull to the King of Kings for his peace and quietnesse at home and in his prosperitie to make his acquaintance with God that if adversitie come he may be the bolder with his Maker by prayer which is the key to open heaven and the meanes to remove our adversitie for to reach unto God wee must humble our selves by prayer uniting us unto him through the greatnesse
humble friends not as servant under command and he ought by all meanes eschewe to come in question or publique hearing with his Officers the onely meanes to make himselfe famous and his Regiment of long continuance The third dutie discharged of our March from the Waser towards Bysenbourg on the Elve HAving thus remained the space of ten weekes under the command of Generall Morgan on the Waser side we got orders to breake up and to continue out march over the Elve under Hamburgh and from thence toward Bysenbourg Skonce to joyne with the rest of our Regiment the Colonell and Lievetenant Colonell being absent Major Iames Dumbar commanded then in chiefe receiving all necessaries fitting for our march as ammunition proviant and waggons for our baggage our sicke souldiers being cared for were left behinde and we brake up from the Waser the tenth of Iuly 1627. a Regiment of Horse being commanded with us for our Convoy to the Elve the first night we quartered at Rottenburg a strong passe having a great Marrish on both sides accessible onely by one narrow causey which leades through the marrish to the Castell which is well fensed on both sides with Moates Drawbridges and slaught bomes without all The next day our march continuing in the morning our fore-troopes having gotten Alarum retired on us whereupon we drawing into Battaile resolved to fight and provided our selves accordingly for the enemies comming which being found but a false conception nothing followed on it but the continuance of our march without further interruption The next night we lying in Quarters our Guards orderly disposed before day we had another Alarum our duety duely discharged of all both horse and foote if the enemie had come we were provided But the Alarum proving false we brake up continuing our march toward Buckstehood appointed for our first Randez-vouz where we were commanded to send to his Majestie at Stoade for receiving of further Orders and a company of Horse being directed with me for my convoy I was made choise of to go to his Majesty for bringing Orders unto the Regiment His Majesty being absent Orders were given to me by a Generall Commissary to continue our march thorough Buckstehood and to quarter over night in the old land by the Elve side till the next day we should crosse the River of the Elve at Blanckeneas and from thence to march by Hamburgh through their Territories and passe towards Lovenburgh where we quartered a mile from it continuing our march the next morning towards Bysenburgh where we quartered in the fields for five nights till we knew of his Majesties further resolution The third Observation ALl marches are occasioned by the accidents of the warfare The reason of this march was the enemies Army drawing strong to a head in Luniburgh land of intention to force a passage over the Elve to come the easier to Holsten his Majestie being weake of foote in this quarter having no great feare of his enemie on the Waser where we lay before we were therefore called to joyne with the rest of our Regiment at Bysenburgh Another reason of this march was the Kings forces in Silesia being also weake of Foote standing in great neede of a timely supply we being able to endure a long march his Majesty resolved after besetting well the passe on the Elve to send us for a supplie unto the Silesian Armie Neverthelesse many times we see in warres though things be long advised on and prosecuted after advise duely yet the event doth not alwayes answer to mans conjectures For it is a true old saying Man proposeth but God disposeth A Commander having the charge of a Regiment or partie on a march ought in all respects to be as carefull and diligent as a Generall that leads an Army being subject to the like inconvenience of fortune Wherefore he ought to be well provided of all things fitting for his march that in time of Rancounter with the enemy he might the better discharge his duty especially being provided with good store of Ammunition both for the mouth and service with sufficient fix Armes He ought also for his march ever to have good intelligence lest his enemie should circumvent him He ought also to order his march according to the countries scituation he marches thorough appointing his Randez-vouz nightly short or long as his Quarters may fall in best security He ought also to keepe his Officers and Souldiers in continuall good order of discipline without suffering the one or the other to fall off from their Stations without great and urgent occasions and if any of them chance to fall off he is obliged to foresee to their timely returnes Likewise he ought not in any manner of way suffer violence to be used to Boores or strangers in his march and if such doth happen he is obliged to do justice to all and to see examplarie punishment done to terrifie others from the like He ought also to be carefull to give none under his command just occasion of complaint for want of their dues either in quarters or in distributing of their victualls according to their strengths He ought also on his march to be provident in causing to bring their Proviant timely to their Randevouz or Hawlts seeing it to be rightly distributed for avoiding of contentions happening most commonly at such times Also he must foresee before he makes a hawlt that the ground be convenient where he drawes up whether he be in feare of an enemie or not and at such times he must be carefull that centries be duly placed at all parts needefull and that no man be suffered to wander or go astray from the haulting part for feare he be to seeke when occasion should present either to breake up to march or otherwise in case of Alarum to have his Officers or souldiers wandering while as the enemie should charge were a grosse error Likewise he ought to be of strict command and authority to punish those that on a march leave their Armes behind them or that are carelesse in keeping their Armes both fix and cleane In quartering either in village field or Citie he must give orders for his posts to keepe Guards upon and he ought himselfe to recognize all avenues and inquire of the knowne countrimen the passes whereby his enemies may come unto him and of the distance he is from his enemy he must also direct parties on all quarters of Horsemen to get intelligence and Conschaift of his enemie lest unawares he should be surprised Likewise at his upbreaking from quarters he should take notice of all complaints and do justice accordingly And he should have a speciall care of the sicke either to transport them or to foresee for their good usage in case necessitie or weakenesse force him to leave them behind He ought also to foresee before he march for his Guides and to give charge to keepe them from running away and he ought to learne of the guide the inconveniences on the way
this service I referre to the next Dutie discharged The Major being killed I having discharged the duty in his absence by my Colonels respect to me and his Majesties favour I had Patent given me under his Majesties hand and Seale as Major to the Regiment as likewise Captaine Lermond his company then at Luckstad being vacant through the death of the Captaine at Hamburgh was also disposed unto me and orders were given unto the Commissary that mustred us according to my Patent to place me as Sergeant-Major over the Regiment which all duely obeyed by the Commissary the Drummer Major accompanied with the rest of the Drummers of the Regiment being commanded beate a bancke in head of the Regiment The Commissary having his Majesties Patent in his hand makes a speech signifying his Majesties will unto all the Officers of the Regiment and without any contradiction placed me Segeant Major and delivering me my Patent takes me by the hand as the Colonell did Lievetenant-Colonell with the whole Officers of the Regiment wishing me joy with the generall applause of the whole Soldateska which ceremony ended the Regiment marched off by companies unto their severall quarters as before The Colonell conveyed by his Officers unto his quarters the Officers were appointed the next day to meete at the Colonells quarter to receive money and to understand further of the Colonells resolution concerning the standing of the Regiment At their returne the next day they received two monthes pay for the Officers and one moneths pay for the Soldateska with promise of winter clothes But the Souldiers coming into a good fat soyle clad themselves honestly which made them want commisse clothes Yet none of us could say but we served a liberall and a bountifull Master the money first payed by the Commissaries they give orders in his Majesties name for keeping of good discipline over the Regiment whereby the Boores should not complaine on the Souldiers Isolencie which they needed not to use getting willingly from the Boores both meate and mony with some clothes Neverthelesse there were alwayes amongst the one and the other some churlish Rascalls that caused complaints to be heard which made our proforce or Gavileger get company and money for discharging his duety for neither Officer nor Souldier escaped due punishment that was once complained on untill such time as his Majestie was satisfied with justice and the party offended Thus continuing in our duety the Colonell anew doth Capitulate with his Majesty for bringing over from Scotland a thousand men to recreute the Regiment Officers were appointed of every company to go for Scotland and for the most part the Captaines went themselves leaving their Lievetenants in their absence to command their companies The Lievetenant Colonell taking a fore-loofe did go unto Holland I being left to command the Regiment the Colonell and his Captaines Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey Captaine Annane Captaine Monro of Obstell Captaine Forbesse Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Iohn Monro and Lievetenant Robert Stewart the Barron of Fowles followed them in the spring for leavying a company also They being gone I was commanded by his Majesty to take orders from Generall Major Slamersdorph then resident at Odensee in Funeland who immediatly after their going away commanded me to take my quarters in Assens where we kept our watch seeing that part of the country was most in danger of the enemies pursute where I had question with the Major of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse who should give out the orders in the Garrison which did bring an emulation betwixt our Souldiers and the horsemen so that in severall rancounters had in the Garrison three or foure on each side were killed To prevent this disorder the Generall Major with some other associats came to Assens and held a Councell of warre the businesse considered the Major of Horse is removed to another Garrison and Rut-master Cratsten is put with his Troupes in Assens and the command of the Garrison was given unto me Notwithstanding whereof our camity with the horsemen did continue a long time till the Rhinegrave himselfe had given orders to his whole Officers examplarily to punish those insolent Rutters who should be found to live otherwise then brethren with the whole Scots Regiment so that by that time the coldnesse removed we lived at more quiet during my being there which was not long The eighth Observation FIrst here we may see the wisdome and magnanimity of this King not cast downe with the losse of his Army nor with the losse of the halfe of his country but preventing his further losse for the safety of his country and good of his Subjects he with expedition drawes himselfe and the remnant escaped of his Army within Denmark to preserve them for a second fitter opportunity As also to encourage his Subjects that through feare were on the flight by water unto other Nations carrying their substance with them feare comming unawares having heard of their Kings losse and overthrow abroade fame dispersing the rumours of the losse much worse then it was the people were so afraid and so fearefull that they enjoyed nothing without a frighted minde no not their sleepe they trembled at the present miseries that might but come they were anticipated in a more horrid habit then any enemy could put them unto meeting with evill before it came making things but probable as certaine as when one may sit even in a boate he is in no danger yet through feare stirring he may drowne himselfe and others as we see often in battell that the valiant man constantly keeping his ranke doth live when as the feeble coward by stooping thinking to save his life he loses it when the brave soule knowes no trembling Caesar spake like Caesar when he bad the Marriners feare nothing And this invincible and Magnanimous King though ruffled by Caesar yet he encourages his subjects by exhorting them to feare nothing going at all times himselfe betwixt them and all dangers he being the first many times ingaged and the last coming off casting as it were through his valour a kinde of honour upon God believing in his goodnesse casting himselfe in danger trusting and confiding in his care onely Not like an unworthy coward that eclipses his sufficiency unworthily doubting that God will bring him off unjustly accusing God his power or his will making himselfe his owne Saviour he becomes his owne confounder But this magnanimous King setting his care upon God and using the lawfull meanes for his country and kingdomes preservation winning the love of God and of his subjects establisheth himselfe and his Throne in despight of his enemies Here also I have observed that good service done to a noble and liberall Master as this King was cannot be without reward Therefore let the servant deserve and the Master will recompence if he be such a just Master as we served where both loved each others for their generous worthinesse Who ever then is a servant if he suppose his lot hard let him
thinke on the other part that service is nothing els but a free mans calling and comfort himselfe with the example of Kings that are but servants though more splendid for the common-weale and as this King our royall Master served for his country let us that are servants serving strangers serve truely where we serve for our countries credit our owne weale and our eternall fame which must live after us This magnanimous King through the experience he had of our former true service is desirous to have more of our countrimen to serve him as we may see by the new employment laid on our Colonell and his Officers Also on divers other Noblemen of our country to bring unto him three other Regiments as Nidesdale Spynie and Murckles Regiments we being the first that shewed them the way to be employed by his Majesty Here I will exhort all brave Cavaliers of minde to follow the laudable profession of Armes not to grudge though their advancement or preferment come not at first but with patience to awaite on Gods blessing since preferment comes neither from the East nor from the west But it is the blessing of the Lord given by man as the reward of vertue Who ever then would be famous by preferment let him first study to be diligent and vertuous in his calling and then doubtlesse God will dispose of him as he thinketh best for his owne Glory Here we see that the Barron of Fowles of worthy memory thought it no disparagement at first to follow my Lord of Rhey and his Regiment as a voluntier till he had seene some service and attained unto some experience and then beginning with a company coming at last with credit to be Colonell over horse and foote and that to animate others of his name and kindred to follow his example rather to live honourably abroade and with credit then to encroach as many do on their friends at home as we say in Scotland leaping at the halfe loafe while as others through vertue live nobly abroade served with silver plate and attendance Officers of one Regiment ought to live as brethren together not envying one anothers advancement entertaining no other emulation then the emulation of vertue every one serving truely in their Stations till such time occasion may be offered for their advancement by degrees for though their patience may be the longer their credits will be the more and their contentments at last will make them forgo and forget their former toyle and disturbances having come to their proposed marke though not altogether to their wished end Here also we see that good discipline is requisite for keeping good order that as vertue is rewarded so vice may be punished as we may see by the institution of the Emperiall lawes whereof one we reade constitute by the Emperor Frederick the second in the code of Iustinian bearing that the labourers of the ground might live peaceably with assurance over all staying in their villages labouring the ground so that no man should be so bold as to presume to take any such men prisoners or to offer them any violence in destroying their Beasty all or in takeing their goods from them condemning them to death that did contemne or violate his ordinance And Cyrus going to warre commanded no man should trouble the labourers Xerxes commanded the like saying the warres were against those that caried Armes not against Shepheards Bellisarius that brave Commander under the Emperour Iustinian was so strict against souldiers that troubled the Boores that the souldiers going by the fruityards durst not throw downe one Apple and for his good order kept victualls were cheaper in the Campe then in Townes Procopius in his third booke of the Gothes warres in Italy reports that Totilas King of the Gothes observed the same strict discipline in Italy suffring the Boores untroubled for paying the contribution Nicephor Gregorius affirmed that while as in the front of an Army marched insolency and violence orderly came in the reare defeate and ruine And now a dayes the Turkes do observe stricter discipline in their Armies then Christians do in so much that their Captaines must not suffer their Souldiers to goe into Orchards or Vineyards as they march by And as order is necessary in an Army so it is in a Regiment requisit to be kept and punishment also to be used for banishing all villany from a Regiment as Gluttony Drunkenesse Whoredome Opression Playing Diceing Roaring Swaggering for it is not seemely that those who should overcome others should suffer themselves to be overcome with any such notorious vices neither ought a brave fellow to vaunt of his valour since it is not tolerable to kill men with words without coming unto blowes But he that comports himselfe modestly is to be commended Here also we see that the Emulation and strife begunne amongst Superiours and Officers of quality brings at last the same amongst their inferiours and followers as was seene in the disorders and quarrelling betwixt our Souldiers and the Rhinegraves horsemen which was wisely prevented and taken away by the wisdome of their Commanders that carried mutuall love and respect to each others for the mutuall good deserving of both Officers which was the chiefe instrument of their reconcilement and taking away of their jarres and idle quarrelling arising of ostentation an unworthy fruit growing out of Dunghills withering faster then it groweth their jarres thus once removed thereafter our love waxed so great that where we chanced both to be on one service as at Wolgast where we stood in neede of helpe the Rhinegraves Regiment especially Rutmaster Hoomes under God made our Retreate safe as you shall heare in its owne place Here also I cannot passe over with silence the love that ordinarily is seene betwixt Officers and their followers being once put under good discipline they will undergo any thing for love of their Commanders and Leaders who have taken paines and diligence in excercising them in the perfect use of their Armes and in leading them bravely on occasions before their enemies in making with exercise their bodies strong and their hearts valiant then I say what will they not undertake for the love of their Leaders Truely I must confesse they will stand a thousand times more in awe to incurre their Officers wrath whom once they loved through love than in any wise thorough feare of any punishment that may be enjoyned unto them by Lawes and if they love and respect their Officers for feare to offend even in their Marches for their Officers credits they will march so orderly with Armes in their Rancks and Files that you would thinke a whole Regiment well disciplined as this was were all but one body and of one motion their eares obeying the command all as one their eyes turning all alike at the first signe given their hands going to execution as one hand giving one stroake yea many stroakes all alike ever readie to strike or hold up as their Commander
pleaseth and thus exercised they were that their enemies in all Rancounters could not but duely praise them calling them the Invincible old Regiment which alwayes rancountred with them on all occasions so that Mac-Keyes name was very frequent through the glorious fame of this never-dying Regiment never wrong'd by Fortune in their fame though divers times by their enemies valour they sustained both losse and hurt but would to God we had alwayes met man to man or that our Army had consisted all of such men and such Officers whereof I was the unworthieft If so had beene our conquest had extended so farre as the Romanes of old did extend the limits and borders of their Empire which for my wish I would bestow on the Prince Elector Palatine borne by the Iewel of Europe the Queene of Bohemia his Royall Mother and if it were at my distribution he should have all from the River Euphrates at the East to the Ocean Sea at the West the fertillest part of Africke at the South and the Rhine and the Danube at the North and yet I durst affirme that his Grand-father King IAMES of blessed and never-dying memory might merit a farre greater possession for his Grand-childe the Illustrious Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhine and to have an Armie of such men under his command to be avenged on his enemies I would wish their cloathes nor mine owne came never off till his enemies were made his footstoole to tread on or to shew mercie at his Highnesse pleasure And for my wish his Armie should be all of Britaines Dutch and Irish such as Vegetius describeth the Romane Souldiers of old and I as one though unworthiest of a thousand Britaine Officers would undertake to make such brave lads to dwell Summer and Winter in Tents ever in readinesse to fight with our enemies and to endure all incommodities for the credit of such a Master banishing far from him with valiant hands well armed all the craft power and subtiltie that his enemies were able to devise against him And we should for his sake be contented with such allowance as the Emperiall Lawes allow a Souldier being onely so much as might maintaine life or so much as Beasts get that are put to dyet and we should be content to march with such expedition without intermission without quarter or Garrison as neede requireth never staying behinde but alwayes advancing consenting willingly to undergoe correction if we did to the contrary but to march ever orderly in Rancks as the way lay rough or even foule or faire as our Colours and Leaders went before us Never quitting our Rancks but with licence till the cause were wonne or that our Masters Throne were established And if otherwise we went astray we should be content to quit our allowance and if this discipline were not strict enough we should be content to have his Highnesse and Royall Mother restored to doe as our Fathers did coming out of Egypt marching alongst the spacious and wide Desert that our Randezvouz might be appointed and set till we arrived in Cades that is to say in the holy Land where being victorious we should bid our Master farewell and rest with our Fathers The ninth Dutie discharged of Major Dumbarre his Service at Bredenberg THis noble Cavalier of famous and worthy memory having done notable good service at Beysenburg Skonce on the River of the Elve as was formerly set downe at his retiring to Lugstad he was commanded with foure Companies of Scots and certaine Dutch the enemy having falne into Holsten his order was to beset the Castle of Bredenberg being a passe but not strong nor fortified in Forma As I was informed by a valourous little Captaine Captaine William Lumsdell who then was Ensigne to the Major who onely at that time escaped with his life from the fury of the enemy being within the house while as the rest in the fury were put to the sword This Gentleman who informed me was with the Major walking abroad neare to the house at the enemies first approaching so that the enemy unawares did come so neare that they retiring to the Castle had scarce time to draw up the draw-bridge when the enemy with his forces being as was thought ten thousand strong led by Tilley had the house environed on all quarters The enemy sends a Trumpeter summoning to render the place which was refused Whereupon they entred to approach and the Defender resists The service thus begun Comoedian-like ends very Tragically the whole Court and lodgings running with bloud with which the walles and pavement are sprinkled with our Scottish bloud to be viewed and seene to this day To be particular in the discharge of this dutie at large not having seene the service I will not lest I should erre in giving notice unto the world of things I did not know but by report which ordinarily holds not so true as things we have both knowne and seene In this house of Bredenberg there was a great number of men women and children besides the Souldiers that had taken their flight thither as to a place of refuge at the enemies first coming into the land There was also in this house great store of riches belonging to the Lord of the house and to the Fugitives that was brought from the Country The Major valourously defended the place for six dayes untill the time they had approached unto the moate and shot two severall breaches in the wall and being so neare the enemy directed a Drummer unto the Major to see if he would Parle But the Drummer returned with an answer that so long as there was bloud in Dumbarres head that house should never be given over which answer so incensed the enemy against them that they sware if they got the upper hand over them they should all die without quarters Shortly after the answer was returned the Major was shot dead in the head with a fire-lock The rest of the Officers were ashamed to Capitulate for an Accord the Major having refused immediately after Captaine Duncan Forbesse was killed and after him Lievetenant Barbour and then Captaine Carmichell who had no charge there but came by accident to visit his Camerades before the Enemies coming whose fortune was not to eschew the payment of that debt by longer continuation The Enemy then passing the Moate or Fossey with a generall storme scorned all quarters and being entred cruelly put all to the sword making no difference of qualitie age nor sex but all alike cruelly put to death so that five or six at most escaped whereof Ensigne Lumsdell miraculously was one The Enemy before this house was taken as I was informed lost above a thousand men which made the Enemies crueltie the greater and of our Regiment were killed above three hundred And it is reported that after the fury was past they made inquisition for the Majors body and having found it they ript up his breast tooke out his heart sundered his gummes and stucke his
heart into his mouth they also killed the Preacher who being on his knees begging life was denied mercy The ninth Observation HAppie is he who opens the fruitfull earth and croppes her plentie from her fertill bosome tasting the harmony of peace singing away his labours all day having no note drowned with noise of Drumme nor Cannon but sleepes with peace at night not over-awde by the Tyrants of the earth leading the Rancks of bloud and death as these cruell murderers did at this time by their monstrous and prodigious massacre breaking the peace of God swimming in Christian bloud without mercy to Officer Souldier or Preacher heaping up wrath on their own soules against the day of their appearance before that great Iudge that shall judge both the quicke and the dead Out of our enemies crueltie used here we ought to learne to forbeare the like lest one day we might be used as they used our friends and Country-men for we may be revenged on our enemies crueltie repaying them in a Christian manner without making Beasts of our selves in not shewing mercy being sought of us which is to be more cruell than Lyons who will not stirre those who stoope unto them And there is no greater token of injustice than to doe that unto another that we would not have done unto our selves And would'st thou have mercy that refusest to shew mercy being sought of thee No truely it is just with God that he misse mercy that refuseth mercy unto others and to have courage without mercy is to bragge of vertue and lacke the right use of it Was there greater perfidie in the world than was used here at the in taking of this house willingly to harme the dead and the innocent For to wrong an innocent Preacher was savage beseeming a beast not a man and to give a stabbe as was done here for the innocent smile of an Infant was devillish blacke at the heart We reade in the Turkish Story of a childe that strucke an intending murtherer into a swound with offering to embrace him Would to God all those that refuse mercy were so stricken dead to terrifie such tyrants as they were And I perswade my selfe none but villanous persons being Commanders ever suffered the like to have beene done without moderation but I hope haughtie and violent minds will never blesse the owners but that by Domineering they shall fall like Duft This worthy Cavalier of famous memory after his death thus unchristianly used let no man judge by his end that he in his life time used any man but generously for I dare affirme though sometimes he was subject unto passion it continued not long he being of a good sweet and milde nature and very kinde and constant where he professed friendship and as devout in the profession of his Religion professed in Scotland as became a good Christian being sincere And commonly his custome was leading Troopes on service till he came in Action he went before them bare-headed praying for a blessing to his actions as he hath told me himselfe having asked a reason for this his manner of carriage he scorned in all his Onsets to have been any thing but a Leader alwayes teaching by the strongest authoritie his owne forwardnesse by his owne example And as his humour scorned to be so base as to flatter so he did hate to be so currish as to bite But he was ever indued with inviolable Amitie joyned with invaluable love and as he was couragious so he was constant in the one withstanding his enemies in the other entertaining his friend In a word he was a resolute Christian and a man truely honest and therefore I perswade my selfe his death was but the beginning of his joy and the end of his misery having therefore written nothing amisse of him I neede desire no pardon But I know some men will object as a blame in him that he refused a Parlé while as there was no appearance either of reliefe or holding out to which I cannot otherwise answer than he answered himselfe to some of the Officers that were most inward with him which was that he was sorry the charge of the bloud of so many soules did lie on his shoulders But if he should give over that house he was perswaded the King his Master would cause to hang him seeing he had enemies about his Majestie who would make him die though innocent Therefore he resolved to die honourablie rather than his name should be brought in question and then to suffer at last Here also we see a poore Minister in his last Act giving good example not terrified with the horror of death nor crueltie of his enemies but on his knees being denied of mercy from man begs mercy of God dying as a Martyr persecuted unto Death A happie death to him being resolved with God and his Conscience to die innocently like a valiant Souldier of Christ incouraging others even in the last Act of his Calling A happie man dying in sinceritie time shall not out-live his worth he lives truely after death whose pious Actions are his pillars of remembrance for though his flesh moulder to drosse in the grave yet his happinesse is in a perpetuall growth no day but addes some graines to his heape of glory The tenth Duety discharged of our March unto Lowland leaving three Companies in Fune MY Colonell and his Officers being parted for Scotland to bring over a Recrew I being left to command the Regiment In November I received orders from his Majesty to leave three Companies in Funland and to march my selfe with the other foure Companies and the Regiment staffe unto Lowland the reason of our march was the Emperialists having by shipping crossed the Belt and taken the Isle of Feamor under their contribution Lowland the Queene Mothers dowry being next unto it and without souldiers his Majesty was afraid the enemy out of Feamor might set over with shipping destroy the land and retire againe seeing there was no fortified City within Lowland though it was the Fertilest soyle within Denmark to prevent this inconvenience I was ordained to march thither and to quarter the Companies in the most convenient parts of the land and to remaine there during his Majesties will having onely charge to watch where our Garrisons lay and the Boores were ordained to watch night and day alongst the coast at such places where the enemy might land This march though short was tedious being in the middest of winter the wayes deepe and foule being fat clay ground the best and fertillest part in Denmark and the march was the more troublesome that we were forced in the winter time to crosse the Seas over the Belt twice Marching through Langland having quartered there a night there happened an odious complaint to be made on a souldier called Mac-Myer of Monro his Company for forcing the Boores daughter where he quartered The Boore complaines to the Commissary and the Commissary to me to satisfie justice we called a
continuing three dayes was never appeased till at night the third day Arius Silvius and Alvare of Caster gentlemen and chiefe of the Iustices came with men of warre in Armes to Lisbone and appeased the 〈◊〉 The Kings Majesty hearing the newes of this horrible sedition being much grieved did presently send unto Lisbone two of the chiefest of the Court to wit Iackes Allmod and Iackes Lopes with full power to punish the Malefactors of such cruelty where publiquely there was executed a great number of the seditious popular and the Priests that moved them to the sedition were first put off their charge then hanged then burnt the Iudges and Magistrates that were sloathfull to suppresse that popular rage and fury were some deprived of their estates and condemned to great pennance and the Towne it selfe was deprived of their priviledges and honours I pray God to keepe my country from the like Who pleaseth to reade the story it is much worth and of great observance for any good Christian Another notable story of the like we have in the beginning of the Reigne of Charles the fift successor to Ferdinand King of Spaine and Sicil in whom did faile the race of the Kings of Aragon the people being moved by a Monke continued long in seditions one after another till God did remove it at last and since they lived peaceable To conclude then this point it is a vaine thing to be a follower of the popular sort for none is the better for their praise nor the worse for their blame And therefore Plutarch said well that one man could not be master and servant of the people otherwise perforce it behooveth him to fall into inconveniencie as we reade in the fable written of the serpent the taile whereof came one day to quarrell the head saying he would goe his day about foremost and not goe alwayes behinde which being granted unto him by the head he found it worst himselfe not knowing how or where to goe and became the cause that the head was all spoyl'd and rent being compelled against nature to follow a part without sight or hearing to leade it The same we have seene happen unto those who in the Government of the publique would do all things to please the multitude and being once tied to that yoake of slavery in all things to will and agree with the common and lower sort that oftimes are rashly moved and without reason howsoever they cannot thereafter come off and retire hinder or stay the fury and rashnesse of the people And therefore the great servant of God Moses did properly comprehend in the blessings promised unto the Israelites their obedience to Gods lawes that the Lord might establisâ— them in the first ranke a head in briefe that they should be as Masters an t should not be subject Reade Deut. 28. The twelfth Dutie discharged of our expedition by water to Aickilfourd in Holsten and of the intaking of it THe eleaventh of Aprill 1628 we got orders to ship againe and being shipped we sayl'd along the coast of Holsten till we arrived before Aickilfourd where lay a Garrison of the Emperialists being five hundred strong halfe Dragoniers and halfe foote souldiers having anchored while we were providing for our landing the Towne being no strength the Dragoniers marched away leaving the Captaine of foote to defeâ—â— the place who had a Skonce without the Towne with a running line from the Skonce to the Port of the Towne and thinking us to be but a weake flying party that durst not remaine long on the land seeing the enemy lay strong of horse and foote neere by he resolved as his best to defend the Skonce without whereunto he drew his strength his Majesty commanded us to land our forces and to storme the Skonce he staying a shipboard looking 〈◊〉 us we land in all haste being allmost two thousand foote of severall Nations English Scots Dutch and French all about equall strongth we threw dice for the Avangard who should fall on first concluding those threw most should have the leading and so successively to second one another having throwne sixes the honour of the Avangarde or leading fell on me and mine the English falling next unto us having put our selves in order and dealt out Amunition recommending the successe to the Lord by our preacher Mr. William Forbesse companion of our dangers and having directed Ensigne Allane to recognosse or spie the best advantage being retired I commanded Captaine Lievetenant Carre with fifty musketiers to a broken house that flancked on the Skonce giving him orders to give fire from thence on their backs as we marched to them in front and in case of their retreate to the Towne to cut off their passage or at least to march in with them Thus done I gave charge to my musketiers that no man should give fire till I commanded but to follow their Leaders still in good order The ground we were to advance on to the Skonce was plaine as pavement the Skonce not being high our resolution was to storme without giving fire and as we advanced those of the Skonce did give three severall salvees of musket thundring amongst us whereof some felt the smart and Captaine Mac-kenyee was favourably shot in the legge and I more favourably in the hilt of my sword which afterwards I gave to Mac-kenyee The most hurt was done to the English marching after us led then by Captaine Chamberlaine a worthy and a valorous gentleman In this time we were advanceing our musketiers commanded by Carre giving fire on their flancks wany were hurt and the Captaine shot in the Arme seeing us give no fire but marching hard to storme he quit the Skonce and retired to the Towne and enters the Port before us shutting us out and leaving a few hurt men behind him we brake downe the Stacket and the Towne not walled we entred the broade side and follow the enemy to the market-place thinking he would fight us there But he retired into the Church and shutting the doores defends the Church shooting out he did us great hurt our Souldiers not having forgotten their cruelty used at Bredenberg resolved to give no quarters and with a huge great ladder and the force of men we ran-forced the doore and entred I thinking to get the Officers prisoners entred withall but could not finde them incontinent perceiving a great quantity of powder spread a thwart the Church fearing the blowing up of the powder I commanded every man upon paine of death to retire the word not well spoken the powder blew up blowing the top of the Church above a hundred were killed and a number burnt pitifully and I with Lievetenant David Monro standing behinde me was also pittifully burnt the blast past Captaine Chamberlaine entring findes the Officers and gives them quarters as his prisoners of the souldiers few or none of two hundred and fifty escaped The Towne was plundered and his Majesty fearing the coming of the enemies Horsemen before
till I made them throw fresh water and then it was quenched having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Venice where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty which verifies that fire and water are good servants but evill masters God make us thankefull for this deliverance and from many more since having beene in danger of fire water sword famine pestilence and from the cruelty of our enemies The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten THis Magnanimous King yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet with the hazard of his person landed againe in Holsten his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen of intention there to bring his Army together he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammunition to furnish his Army during that Summer and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard he advanced himselfe with a thousand men to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode a mile from the shore naturally well situated which might be put in defence with little paines to hold up an Army His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment the Boores set to worke I with the English and two Dutch companies were made choise of to Guard his Majestie and the workemen the enemie lying strong with horse and foote within two miles of us The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers by breake of day a Corporall and twelve horsemen of the enemies were sent to try our watch or rather to betray us which were holden up by our outer centry who calling to the Guard the Guard taking Armes I directed a Sergeant and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance and to speake with those horsemen The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong pretended an excuse alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie and then retired whereof incontinent I did informe his Majesty who presently considered he was a spie sent from the enemy before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse and some Dragoniers our intrenchment not ready we draw to Armes his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes and finding his person in danger retired with a few musketiers and leaving me and the English being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe promising to provide me of amunition and to send us reliefe his Majesty thus retired I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres giving him charge if the enemy should advance to discover or recognize then to give fire on them and not otherwise This done the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe and the English were appointed as our reserve to lye at Armes to be in readinesse to second us the enemy finding us provided and their foote not being come up they stand in Battell and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes meaning to come betwixt us and our ships to cut off our retreat but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers they were forced to retire backe with the losse of three horsemen By this time his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome to desire me if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe that I should retire to the Church-yard which was but cold comfort so being his Majesty had no intention to relieve us and consequently at last we should be the enemies prisoners after losing of our Colours which grieved us most But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty that seeing I knew of no reliefe if the enemy pursued us hard I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire behinde us and then commit my selfe and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate rather then to become prisoners to the enemy The Colonell gone we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game doubling our Guards before night and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy his foote not come up and seeing our resolution he retired before night where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us we retired to our ships giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us so soone as they thought we were safely retired Before midnight the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him returned to the Dorpe and the next morning advances towards us till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships In the meane time his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke finishing the Leager and royall Fort in the midest of it whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon the Fort being higher then the Leager did command the fields about which being complete the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland his Majesty having understood that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound The second night after our going away the enemy coming to pursue the Fort the Dutch retire quitting the same and their Cannon also with the losse of fourescore men so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine the Dutch retiring from it unfoughten The foureteenth Observation IT is much to be lamented when Kings or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale suffering it to be overthrowne on the contrary part it is worth much commendation when a King or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body for the safety of his people to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects Therefore men ought to call to minde often the wise counsell of Pericles who said that when the publique state was ruin'd he that lived well at his ease for his owne particular should not escape unruin'd where on the contrary the publique state being well the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner Caesar was of this opinion when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants no man could so well establish his condition as that it could not perish if the publique state were hurt But if the publique state did florish he might helpe and mitigate all the misery of all particular persons And the Emperour Antony called the Debonnaire was of that minde when he tooke away the pensions of some pensioners of the publique that did no service saying there was no people more cruell or more villanous then those that did eate up the publique Would to God this magnanimous King had done so with a number of his Commissaries
that had misguided his rich Treasure and were the undoing of his Army where they should rather have died then wronged their King and country and should rather have left by will and testament to their children an example of their fidelity and honesty then a rich Patrimony The Rogues the Commissaries did much differ in their love to their King and Country from that worthy gentleman of famous memory we reade of in our owne Stories called William Seaton who is worthily recorded of for his love to the publique preferring it to his owne children who being Governour of Barwicke he and his wife did choose rather to quit their owne lives and the lives of their children then to give over the place unto the English choosing rather to keepe it for the weale of the publique and for the honour of their King and Country preferring the publique-weale to their owne particular the story I neede not amplify being well knowne This Magnanimous King scorning the attempts of his enemies ceaseth not still to hazard his owne person and Crowne for the safety of his people for he trusted and confided so much in God that he knew well the Scepter was ordained for those that slighted it and not for those did cover it greedily as his enemies did Here also we see that the enemies forces being drawne towards Trailesound minding that way to come unto Denmark his Majesty was diverted from his resolution and was forced to joyne with Trailesound to make a defensive warre for the safety of his Country and people for if the enemy had gotten Trailesound he had an easie way to come into Denmark wherein there were no great strengths and getting shipping Artillary and Amunition whhereof his Majesty was well provided he had then the passe open unto Britaine when he pleased But he was wisely prevented by his Majesty and his Councell God bringing things to passe according to his secret decree and not according to the will of man Here also we see that it is the duty of a Generall lying neere an enemy to know all avenues well and betimes to beset them well with diligence and good watches for if this passe at Gottenbrode had not beene timely well beset his Majesty might have fallen into the enemies hands the passage being cut off betwixt his Majesty and the ships Also in all extremities it is the duty of Commanders to encourage their inferiours otherwise the passengers may be affraid if the Skipper or steers-man gives over as Commanders do looke to their owne credits so they ought to be carefull of their followers saferies The English and our Nation are good seconds one of another being abroade for commonly they take part one with another against any other Nation as happened here at Grotenbrode where I did see fifty English and Scots chase above a hundred Danes with swords into the sea deeper than their waste running into the Sea for their safeties whereupon there was a complaint made unto his Majesty by the Commissary on my Camerade Captaine Chamberlaine and me for not suppressing our Souldiers insolency from abusing of the Danes Souldiers The occasion of their quarrelling was the Danes Boores being commanded out for the Kings service and for the defence of their Countrey they had fortie dayes provision with them and being well furnished with dry Beefe and Bacon while as our Souldiers did get nothing but hard Bisket and Beere they devised that one coming behinde the Danes Souldiers for taking up his knapsacke while as another should cut the strings before and then to runne away with it this Stratagem being oft practised by the English and Scots against the Danes at last the Danes resolved being stronger in the fields than they both were to fight for their Knapsackes the occasion being offered they yoake or joyne with swords and fight in the Leager and the Danes were forced to give ground and to retire within the Sea for their safeties sundry on both sides being hurt their Officers appeased the Tumult and after Captaine Chamberlaine and I though innocent of the fault were mightily chidden by his Majestie his Majestie assuring us if the like happened againe he would punish us and not our Souldiers which made us afterwards looke more narrowly to their behaviour and carriage making them live more peaceable with their Camerades in not oppressing them for it is a hard time when one Wolfe eats up another The fifteenth Dutie discharged of our March from Lowland to Alzenheure and from thence to Trailesound by water THE eight of May 1628. I being at Copemanhagen soliciting for our Regiment orders were given unto me to be sent to Lowland and to Fune to make our Regiment march in all haste to Alzenheure and there to attend for their orders the orders I did direct to Captaine Mac-Kenyee commanding him to keepe good discipline in his March and strict being in his Majesties owne Land he receiving the orders breakes up the twelfth of May from Lowland and continues his March to the Randezvouz The Garrisons also in Funeland breake up the said day and continued their March towards their Randezvous On the March through Zeland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Souldiers being quartered in a Dorpe the Boores take Armes stayd not to be led by their Officers but entered the skirmish with the Boores where at the first Salve foure of the Boores were killed dead and sundry hurt the rest flie away leaving the Dorpe to the Souldiersto be quartered in the blame of this accident was laid on the Commissary appointed for the Convoy who being absent was to answer for the wrong but the Commissary caused for revenge a Boores daughter to complaine on three Souldiers of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Company alleaging they had all three forced her so that the Souldiers were apprehended conveyed in Irons to Copemanhagen to be examined there before the Generall Commissary the State-holder and me who being examined no proofe was found against them but accusations whereupon they were remitted to prison till further triall where there was an act made they should suffer no tryall except I were present Neverthelesse in my absence they were all three executed viz. Donald Rosse Iames Dumbarre and Alexander Caddell who went to death without acknowledging the fact still pleading their innocency The Lieverenant Colonell Alexander Seaton being then come from Holland was ordained by his Majestie in all haste to ship three Companies and to goe with them for the reliefe of Trailesound I being appointed to stay for the other Companies comming they being come to Alshenure were shipped also and arriving at Copemanhagen it behoved me in all haste to ship and follow the Lievetenant Colonell for reliefe of Trailesound being hard beleager'd where I entred the twenty-eight of May and was no sooner drawne up in the Market place but presently we were sent to watch at Franckendore to relieve the other Division that had watched three dayes and three nights together uncome off that being the weakest part of
a fresh reliefe coming to us led by Lievetenant Andrew Stewart a valorous gentleman and of good conduct Brother to the noble Earle of Traquare I did exhort them en passant to carry themselves well they answered me cheerefully as became resolute Souldiers who were desirous to vindicate their camerades bloud against their enemies the reliefe being come the service went on a fresh on both sides the enemy storming againe with the third reliefe which continued so long till a number of our Officers more were killed and hurt as Lievetenant Stewart Ensigne Seaton Ensigne Ennis Captaine Armes Andrew Monro and divers more were hurt During this time our Lievetenant Colonell was busied within the Towne in commanding the reliefes and in sending orders to the other Poasts to looke unto themselves who would not misse one man to succour or helpe us in our greatest neede Notwithstanding that the whole force of the enemies was imployed against us alone The second reliefe that came to our Poast was led by Colonell Frettz newly come to Towne with some Swedens who though not admitted to Command out of his generositie being accompanied with his Lievetenant Colonell Mac-Dougall and his Major called Semple with fourescore Musketiers voluntarily did come to succour and helpe our Nation who at his first coming received deaths wounds whereof he died shortly after His Lievetenant Colonell also was taken prisoner and was missing for six moneths we not knowing whither he was dead or alive The Major also was killed instantly at his first coming to service so that the last time and on the last storme by the breake of day the enemy was once entred our workes and was beate backe againe with great losse with swords and pikes and butts of Muskets so that the day cleering the enemy was forced to retire having lost above a thousand men and we neare two hundred besides those who were hurt He that was on this nights service from the beginning to the ending being in action might avouch he did escape danger The enemy forsaking our workes unconquered the graffe filled with their dead bodies equall to the bancks the workes ruin'd in the day time could not be repair'd which caused the next nights watch to be the more dangerous The seventeenth Observation THE Emperour Alexander Severe had reason to say that Military Discipline did conserve and maintaine the Estate And so might the magnanimous King of Denmarke say of this service and the Towne of Trailsound the Citizens of it before this time being sluggish dissolute cowards spend-thrifts and voluptuous are now by this Discipline made active menagers valiant sparing and honest the thankes whereof they owe unto our Nation whose bones lie in their ground and to our Country-man who since hath beene their Governour for the reward of his vertue was appointed by his Majestie of Sweden of worthy memory and set to Command over them and their Citie And it is most sure that the observance of good discipline is the maintaining of Kingdomes Cities and Common-wealths making them to flourish where discipline is well kept as it was here during our beleagering for then we had no thought of gathering of money but of gaining of credit here were no Novices but expert Souldiers to resist both the craft and valour of their enemies who did feele the smart of their valourous resistance in heaping their dead bodies one upon another in the graffe During the time of this hot conflict none that was whole went off at the coming of the reliefe but continued in the fight assisting their Camerades so long as their strength served ever esteeming more of their credit than of their safetie through the desire they had to be revenged of the losses sustained by their Camerades On the other part it was reported of Walestine that he was so eager to get in the Towne that his Officers retiring off servce being hurt he caused to shoot them dead calling them Cowards for retiring with so small hurt Here also I purpose to speake somewhat of the Emperialists custome entring on service shouting like Turkes as if crying would terrifie resolute Souldiers No truely we were more encouraged having long expected for their coming being all of us well resolved for the Combat we were greedie of honour and therefore we longed to try our enemies valour Seeing we were more overjoyed of their coming than any wise terrified and we received them with Volees of Cannon and Musket in their teeth which faire and well come was hard of digestion unto some of them and it might be well said of them as the Proverbe is amongst the Bactrians that the dogges did barke more than they did bite especially the Fleete Curres for true courage consists not in words neither ought we to looke for much courage where we heare many boysterous words But on the contrary true valour doth consist in the greatnesse of courage and in the strength of the valiant Arme and not in the Tongue and the first people that did practise this lowde crying of martiall resolution and of rejoycing in battell were the Israelites who in the most part of their fighting used those cryes as testimonies of their faith and of their earnest calling for the helpe of the Almightie And a Lord of Africke being to fight against the Portugalls his Troopes ready to fight he said unto them they should not cry but strike hard for saith he those men whom you see are not accustomed to be afraide with words nor voyce for it is not in cryes but in valour that men should establish the hope of Victory Neverthelesse we reade in Histories that the Romanes and other warlike Nations were wont in Battells as to this day in approaches even as in fields to cry alowd and therefore we say among our selves at home that he is to be pittied that is surprized with the cry of his Enemies We reade also of the Savages whom the French doe call Tokniambous that before they come within halfe a mile they cry like Devills at the first sight of their enemies redoubling their cryes coming neare hand sounding their hornes lifting their Armes here and there in a boasting manner fighting so long as they are able to move hand or foote never giving ground or turning backe till they die Tacitus reports that the Germanes of old did sing going to fight and wee reade of Cate the Censor that he taught young men to fight standing in one place and he used to say often that words were more powerfull to terrifie and to chase an enemy than the stroaks of the hand And the same Cato said he loved not the Souldier that did shake his hands marching that staggred with his feet in fighting snorted lowder in sleeping than he did cry coming to fight And Caesar said that in every man was seene a certaine moving and naturall readinesse and promptitude that kindled them with a desire to fight which Generalls and Commanders of Armies ought diligently to intertaine and not extinguish Wherefore
which were granted by Charlemaine unto his Souldiers after he had subdued the Saxons and Lumbards which I will wish his Majestie to grant untous saying Goe your wayes my Souldiers you shall be called valiant companions of Kings and Iudges of the wicked live henceforth free of Travell give good advice to Princes for the Common-weale be protectors of widdowes helps to the fatherlesse waite on great men with your wisdome and desire of them life cloathes and entertainement and he that refuseth you let him be detested and infamous and those that wrong you let them be accused as of treason But take heede yee spoyle not through drunkennesse pleasure or other vices the great honour and priviledge you have attained unto through your just travell in warres for feare that that which we grant unto you for honour may not redound to your dishonour and punishment which we reserve to our selves and to our Successors Romane Kings if by chance you commit any excesse It is a good thing and worth commendations to have defeated Kings assaulted Townes and Provinces Strengths and Castles But it is a thing much more worth commendations to overcome your own passions a marvaile surpassing all marvailes that he who did overcome so many at last overcomes himselfe The first and best of all Victories which cannot be attained unto without contemning of riches To conclude then this observation happie are those Cavaliers that ended their lives in the defence of their Countries credit a brave interchange where worthy Cavaliers in undergoing a temporall death for eternall fame and glory gaine life after death Miserable is the brevite and more miserable the uncertaintie of life Since then we are sure we cannot live long and uncertaine if we live at all being like leaves on trees we are the sport of every puffe that bloweth and with the least guste may be shaken from our life and nutriment we travell we study we fight that labour may pay us the losse of our ill expended time while death whiskes about us with a Pegasean speede flies unawares upon us and with the kicke of his heele or the dash of his foot we are driven downe to dust and lie there Many a stout fellow this night at Trailesound and five weekes before did expire in their oppugnations leaving their breath in the places where they laid their Siege Certainly if we could thinke of lifes casualties we would neither be carelesse nor covetous What availes then a man to exhaust his very vitals for the hoording up of fatall gold not thinking how a haire or a flie may snatch him in a moment from it Why should we then straine our selves for more than is convenient We should never care too much for that we are not sure to keepe yet we should respect somewhat more than for our owne time that we may be beneficiall to posteritie but for mine owne part I will cast this as my life on Gods providence and live here as a Pilgrime of one night not being sure to see the morrow The eighteenth Duty discharged of the second nights storme at Trailesound and of the successe thereof THe Lievetenant Colonell having visited me the next day at my lodging being not able to stirre out of my bed he declared unto me the losse sustained by the Regiment both of Officers and Souldiers and he suspecting the enemy would storme againe at night being battering the walles furiously the whole day having shot at Frankendore neere eight hundred shot he desired to heare my opinion how I would have the Poaste beset at night with the Regiment my advise was to cause beate a bancke by the Drummer Major and the whole Drummers of the Regiment athwart the City commanding upon paine of death that all Officers and Souldiers able to carry Armes under the Regiment should repaire at parad time to the market place there to receive further orders and that at their coming to appoint all the Officers that were not hurt to command the whole Souldiers to be all put under the Colonells company till such time as the Recreuts should come from Scotland and then every man should be suffered to serve againe under their owne companies as before and this order being followed they would be well commanded having sufficient Officers to leade them giving them orders how to behave themselves in case the enemy should storme their workes seeing they were not able to defend them long being weake of forces and the workes almost ruin'd the night before This determined the watch being drawne up they march to the former Poast getting orders from the Lievetenant Colonell if the enemy should presse them hard they should retire themselves orderly to the Ravelin and quit the outer workes seeing that from the Towne wall and Ravelin they were able with Cannon and musket to cleanse out the enemy againe So entring on their watch and the night being come on the enemy furiously did invade them and they defended the workes a long time till in the end being prest hard they retired according to their orders to the Ravelin whereupon the enemy followed them with a shout and a cry as if the Towne had beene wonne which did put the Burgars and the rest of the Souldiers that were on other Poasts in great feare thinking all was past recovery Notwithstanding of this sudden feare our Souldiers valiantly and bravely defended the Ravelin with Pikes and fire-workes the enemy having advanced bravely to the cutting of the Pallessades pressing also to undermine the Ravelin by working under it which our folkes did hinder by countermineing The enemy also had another fortell or advantage by reason of a new worke which was uncomplete betwixt the Ravelin and the outward workes where he did lodge himselfe having the new workes as a Breast-worke to defend him from our shot The night thus past furiously on both sides not without great losse being well fought both of the pursuer and defender in the morning our Souldiers some of them being Armed with Corslets head-peeces withhalfe pikes Morgan sternes and swords being led with resolute Officers they fall out Pell mell amongst the enemies and chase them quite out of the workes againe and retiring with credit maintained still the Triangle or Ravelin The enemy considering his losse and how little he had gained the Towne also being not void of feare thinking the third night the enemy might enter the walles being thus doubtfull on both sides the enemy sends a Trumpeter to know if they will treate for conditions our Lievetenant Colonell having the command for the time in Colonell Holke his absence I thinke was glad of the offer to prolong time till his Majesty of Denmark might send a fresh supply Pledges delivered hinc inde a still-stand or cessation of Armes was concluded on by both parties for a formights time then Articles were drawne up to be advised on which continued in advising certaine dayes in the end the treaty being almost agreed on to the subscription orders come
shall we be sorry for them No we will rather rejoyce and thinke we must follow them when we have fought that good fight against our enemies we shall be crowned with them in glory and rejoyce following the Lambe where ever he goeth and till then his right hand will sustaine us as before for he is our helper and hath sworne by his right hand and the Arme of his strength that he will not forsake us till we rest with him in glory Here also we see that his Majestie having trusted our Nation more than his owne or the Dutch he doth leave them ingaged with the enemy till his Majesties retreate were made sure both first and last Where we see that friendship and true service is best tryed in extremitie for no greater testimony can be given of true service than when the servant doth endanger his own life and honour for the reliefe of his Master as that young Cavalier Captaine Mac-Kenyee did here being a generous act for the safetie of a King which ought to be recorded to vindicate his honour from oblivion whose memory merits to be rewarded that others might imitate his noble example Here also we see that sufferance in a noble manner causeth love for that young Cavalier Henry Lindesey then an Ensigne not able to helpe himselfe his Camerades loving him dearely and the more for his noble sufferance they helpt him off from the crueltie of his enemies to preserve his life for a better occasion who by Gods providence was miraculously healed having lost a great part of his shoulder a wonder in an age such wounds to be cured The twenty-one Dutie discharged at Copemanhagen where the Regiment was completed againe with the Recreut AS all things are preserved by a glorious order so his Majestie after his retreate beginneth againe to make up the body of an Armie to be setled all Winter in quarters within Denmark that against the Spring he might either beate the enemy out of Holsten or otherwise with his sword in his hand make an honourable peace after which resolution taken there was order sent to my Colonell to bring his Regiment to the fields and to reforme the weake Companies that have no Recreut brought over and to strengthen the rest of the Companies till the Regiment was made complete Sir Patrick Mac-Gey having stayd in Scotland his Company was cashier'd and Captaine Annans also in place whereof the Colonell did get from his Majestie two Companies that were sent over by Colonell Sinclaire viz. Captaine George Stewart and Captaine Francis Trafford which were both joyned to the Regiment The Lord of Fowles having leavied a Company in Scotland joyned also to the Regiment Iohn Sinclaire was made Captaine Lievetenant to the Colonels Company Lievetenant Stewart being married having stayd in Scotland with his wife his place was given to Eye Mac-Key and William Brumfield was made Ensigne to Captaine Mac-Kenyee The Lievetenant Colonell having quit the Regiment I succeeded to his place and his Lievetenant Andrew Stewart the Earle of Traquairs brother succeeded Captaine to the Company Ensigne Seaton being made Lievetenant the Captaines brother William Stewart was made Ensigne Tullough his Company was recreuted and was full by his old Officers Beaton and Iohnson Iohn Monro his Company being recreuted long David Monro was made Lievetenant and long William Stewart Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his Company being complete William Carre was made Lievetenant and Hector Monro Ensigne The Regiment thus complete was mustred and received a moneths meanes together with a reckoning of their by-past rests with an assignation on his Majestie of great Britaine for the payment of the moneys The Regiment thus contented the Colonell Captaine Monro of Obstell and Captaine Mac-Key returning for Britaine the Regiment being left under my command was directed to winter Garrisons as followeth The Colonels Company commanded by Iohn Sinclaire as Captaine Iohn Ennis Lievetenant and William Mac-Kenyee Ensigne were quartered in Langland Captaine Monro of Fowles his company was sent to lie in Feamer Andrew Monro being his Lievetenant and Iohn Rhode Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his company was quartered there also and the foresaid Officers Captaine Iohn Monro his company and his Officers were also quartered there Captaine Forbesse of Tullough his company and Officers were quartered in Malline in Skoneland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his company and Officers foresaid were quartered with me in Malline in Skoneland Captaine George Stewart Robert Hume Lievetenant and Iohn Sanders Ensigne were quartered in Alzenburgh Captaine Francis Trafford his company being Welsh with his Officers were quartered in a Dorpe in Skoneland Captaine Andrew Stewart his company and Officers were quartered in London in Skoneland My company which was Lermonds with the Officers did lie in Garrison in Luckstad in Holsten The Officers that were reformed went to seeke their employments viz. Captaine Sanders Hay went to Sweden and was made Major to Sir Patricke Ruthven in Spruce Patricke Dumbarre was made Captaine to a Company of Danes Souldiers There happened also a mis-fortune this Winter in Feamer where Lievetenant Andrew Monro a valourous young Gentleman was killed in Combate by a Dutch called Ranso and Lievetenant William Mac-Key succeeded in his place being made Lievetenant to Fowles when William Gunne was preferred by me as Ensigne to the Colonells Company the rest of the Garrisons lay in quiet all Winter during which time his Majesties Commissioners lay at Lubeck treating for a peace with the Emperour The twenty-one Observation IN the Firmament we see all things are preserved by a glorious order the Sunne hath his appointed circuite the Moone her constant change and every planet and Starre their proper course and place the Earth also hath her unstirred stations the Sea is confined in limits and in his ebbing and flowing dances as it were after the influence and aspect of the Moone whereby it is kept from putrefaction and by strugling with it selfe from over flowing the land So that in this world order is the life of Kingdoms Honours Artes for by the excellency of it all things florish and thrive and therefore we see that this order is requisite to be observed in nothing more than in military discipline being the life of it Regiments then maintained in good order the Army can be but well ordered and the Army well ordered the King and country cannot but stand both in peace and warre for seldome we see any goodnesse in the refusing to obey good orders And we heare ordinarily that one bad voice puts twenty out of tune and that it is the chiefe property of a good Souldier first to learne to obey well in keeping of good order and then doubtlesse in time being advanced he cannot but command well so that here in ordering of this as in all things we see vicissitudes and alterations some Regiments made up and continue in florishing order other Regiments reduced taking an end as occasion and accidents of warre doe happen Spynies Regiment was reduced and my
hope the storme would not continue being in the middest of August Here we may see by this Christian advertisement that no part of our life is exempted or freed from griefe or sorrow But on the contrary we are exposed to all kinde of miseries and troubles so that we see that children doe sucke with the milke of their Nurses certaine beginnings of the evill to come our misery growing as doth our age and we see it true for the godly they sigh and groane under the burthen of their adversities having no comfort they can enjoy but out of the written word of God a fruit whereof the wicked hath no part Therefore they sayd well who said that Philosophicall precepts were not so powerfull to heale the wounds of the soule as are those of the word of God Men of our profession ought ever to be well prepared having death ever before their Eyes they ought to be the more familiar with God that they might be ever ready to embrace it not caring a rush for it when it came doing good while they may For now we flourish in an instant we wither like Grasse now we stand presently we fall our life carrying with it when we received it the seed of death and that which did begin our life doth open the doore to it to goe away For in our birth our end did hang at our beginning and according to the custome of that worthy Emperour our actions should be ever before our eyes as if presently we were to appeare in Iudgment before the Eternall our God and that cry should never depart out of our eares cryed unto Philip King of Macedon Philippe memento mori Philip remember thou must die For man shall never behave himselfe as he ought in this World except at all times he have death before his eyes thinking on the houre and moment of his departure alwayes contemning the Exteriour things of this World giving himselfe unto the inward cogitations that doe profit the soule and the life thereof rejoycing beyond all things in the Testimony of a good Conscience The second Dutie discharged of our march from Rougenvalde to Colberg and from thence to Shivel-beane and of our service there SIr Iohn Hepburne being sent with his Regiment from Spruce to relieve us I was ordained with my Folks to march before Colberge where Generall Major Kniphowsen did command in the Blockering thereof which I did and being come there a Poaste was assigned for us to watch at In the meane time the Generall Major getting intelligence that the enemies Army lying at Gartts and Griffinbawgen on the Oder had intention to relieve Colberge and so being in his march he must needs passe by the Towne and Castle of Shevelbeane in the Marke being a passe distant but five miles from Colberge he thought expedient to Recognosce the place by sending of Colonell Hepburne thither with a Troope of Horsemen for his guard and convoy who having seene the place advised Kniphowsen to beset it with a Garrison being of consequence to hold up the Enemy if he should march thereon with the Army whereupon I was made choise of with my Folks to beset it being sent for in the night to breake up and to march thither in all haste I had command to speake with Kniphowsen in my going for receiving further Orders The Companies marched by I following my Orders desired to know what the Generall Major had to command me who gave me Orders in writing I should march thither and in case the enemy should pursue me I should fight to the last man and not to give over the Castle though I should be forced to quit the Towne Receiving Orders for some Ammunition I tooke leave of Kniphowsen and continued my march to Shevelbean then layd almost waste with Pestilence the Inhabitants being fled away I had slight quarters for my Soldiers which being quartered having visited the Towne and Castle I appointed the manner of our Watch and did beset the Poastes from our Guards which were kept both in the Towne and on the Castle and then I sent Orders to the Boores of the Graveshaft to come in the next day with Spades Shovels and Axes for to repaire the workes that were almost ruined being a scurvie hole for any honest Cavalier to maintaine his credit by Before my comming two Troopes of Bawtees Horsemen viz. Major Roustene and Long-fretts were quattered there who getting intelligence the Army was to march upon me being Horsemen quit the Garrison to our selves and took them to the Fields to joyne with their Colonels Regiment being neere hand so that our Quarters thus enlarged we were glad to be rid of their trouble as they were to eschew the Enemies comming serving better in the Fields then they could doe within Walles The Horsemen gone I was evill sped for being put on such a place with such orders appointed to fight to the last man where no Cavalier with credit could hold out twenty foure houres being pursued by an Army except the Lord extraordinarily would shew mercy Neverthelesse getting three dayes longer continuation before the enemies comming we did worke all of us night and day till we had Stacketed the Wall about the height of a man above the Parapet having made a breast-worke of earth within the Walles round about with Traverses within for cleering out the Enemy if he had entered at a breach our Work ended and our Ports Ranforced with Earth to resist the force of Pittards we see in the afternoone the Enemies squadrons of Foot and Horse about eight thousand strong marching unto us having Artillery conforme we finding them marching within reach I caused to salute them with two small shot wherewith a Rut-master and a Lievtenant of horse were killed which made the rest march out of distance The Army drawne up in Battell without reach of our Canon they sent a Trumpeter summoning us to a treatie he was answered we had no such Orders but we had Powder and Ball at their service Whereupon they commanded a Captaine with a hundred and fiftie musketiers towards the Porte directing proportionally to the rest of the Portes our souldiers in the beginning before the Portes killed of them above thirtie souldiers and two Livetenants I not being able to maintaine the Towne retired with my folke on the Castle I being retired the Burgers made up set open the Portes to the enemie giving him entrance who did bring in his whole Artillerie and Amunition to the market place and then sent to mee a Drummer to see if I would render up the Castle upon good conditions then they were in my power but if not I should have no quarters afterwards They got their first Answer againe and then the service beginnes anew on both sides and they begunne before night to plant their Batteries within fourtie pace of our walles which I thought too neere but the night drawing on wee resolved with fire workes to cause them remove their quarters and their
The Enemy being gone wee preserved the rest of the Towne in quenshing the fire Here also wee may see the benefit we reape when Frontier Garrisons are well beset if the Enemy fall into our Land as wee are able to affront him in his comming so in his going taking alwayes Prisoners of him and this is the right use of Strengths that when wee suffer losses in the Fields wee have time to draw breath againe our Garrisons being well beset as was seene in the Peace made betweene the King of Denmarke and the Emperour For if his Majesty of Denmarke had not built Luckstad on the Elve hee had hardly recovered Holsten againe even so this Garrison being set here gave time by the holding up of the Enemy to his Majesties Forces that were come from Statin to bee before the enemy at Colberge for if they had fought better I had observed the more The third Dutie discharged of our March to Prymhaussen neere Stargard and from thence to Statin BEeing recalled from Shevelben wee joyned with the Felt-Marshall Horne at Griffinberg taking our march towards Prymhaussen a great Dorpe neere Stargard his Majesty being then at Colnoe drawing his Forces together hee intended to try the Enemy before Winter having met with the most part of his Forces at Prymhaussen the word was spred his Majesty had dealt out winter Quarters to move the enemie to doe the like that they drawing to Quarters his Majesties Armie being together they might take advantage of the Enemy being setled in their Quarters Wee having stayed with the Felt-Marshall till the Colonell went for Scotland accompanied with Major Monro Captaine Francis Sinclaire Master Hugh Mowat and Lieutenant Barrie they being gone his Majesty commanded I should march to Statin and joyne with the Regiment and to receive Orders from Generall Major Lesley beeing Commandant for the time where by the way at Colnoe I did speake with his Majesty who told mee hee was to preferre Captaine Bullion being one of my Captaines then to be Generall quarter Master to Horse As also shewed to me that hee had imployed my Colonell for new leavies and therefore he had recalled mee to remaine with the Regiment in his absence recommending unto me diligence in keeping good Discipline and in defending of the Postes which should bee intrusted to our watching seeing wee were to watch on Here Tyvell his Poste Thus his Majesties admonitions received I was dismissed to continue our march to Statin where wee being no sooner arrived but Generall Major Lesly appointed me my Quarters and Poste to watch at The next day his Majesty directed Captaine Dumaine to mee with an Order under his Majesties Hand and Seale to place him Captaine over Bullion's Company The Order I reverently received and appointed the Cavaliere the next day in the afternoone to come to mee seeing the next morning I was to ride to his Majesty being loath his Majesty should diminish my priviledge having the freedome by his Majesties capitulation to place the Officers of the Regiment as they were vacant and not his Majesty having once disposed of that priviledge Being come to Colnoe I moved Sir Iohn Hepburne to accompany me towards his Majesty to assist me his Majesty asked whether I had placed the Captaine or not I answered that finding it prejudiciall to his Majesties service I had resolved to acquâ—int his Majesty first therewith seeing the Cavaliere though otherwise sufficient hee lacked Language to command the Company being Dutch his Majesty replyed hee would soone learne so much Dutch as to coÌ„mand a Company and thus sayd his Majesty asked on whom would I bestow the Company I answered to a Cavaliere that deserved well of his Majesty called David Monro then my Lieutenant his Majesty turning to Generall Bannere replyed disdainfully what shall I thinke Hee would place his own Cozen and not obey my Orders whereupon I returned to place Captaine Dumaine in obedience to his Majesties will for that time Major Iohn Monre gone for Britaine with his Colonell disposed his Company to his Lieutenant William Stewart who was younger Lieutenant then David Monre yet once comming before him hee was still elder Captaine and consequently neerest preferment under that Regiment through this change onely Likewise by the death of Major Synnot at Statin Captaine Iohn Sinclaire being a worthy Cavaliere was preferred to bee Sergeant Major and Synnots Company was put by the Lieutenant and disposed to Captaine Semple In like manner Lieutenant Pringle dying at Statin Henry Lindesey was advanced to be his brothers Lieutenant During this Harvest 1630. the Pest raged so at Statin that divers brave Souldiers of the Regiment were buried there Neverthelesse a great deale fewer dyed of them then eyther of Dutch or Swedens which was seene on our march towards Brandenburg being stronger then other Regiments that at their landing were twice stronger then wee for no extremity of Hunger Pestilence or Sword could ever make one of them runne away from their Colours The Colonell being gone for Leavies ingaged my brother Obstell to bring over a Regiment of Foot for his Majesties service Major Iohn Monre being preferred to bee his Lieutenant-Colonell and Captaine Ennis his Major being gone for Scotland after the in-taking of Brandenburg The Colonell gave another Commission for a Regiment of English to Sir Thomas Conoway to whom Captaine George Stewart a brave and a valorous Gentleman was preferred to bee Lieutenant-Colonell and Captaine Mon-gorge Major but the misfortune happened that in their over-going both the Colonell and Lieutenant-Colonell were cast away being drowned on the Coast of Denmark and afterwards the Regiment having three lost Companies by Sea the overplus were commanded for a time by the Major which afterwards were disposed by his Majesty to Sir Iohn Cassels to bee made up againe to a Regiment At this time Colonell Lumsell having brought over also a Regiment of Scots Captaine Robert Stewart came over his Lieutenant Colonell having served at first as Ensigne and Lieutenant to Captaine Macken-nyee under this Regiment and there after came againe unto Spruce Captaine under Sir Iohn Hamiltons Regiment in May 1629. And was preferred after the In-taking of Virtzberg having beene before at the Battaile of Lipsigh during this time wee lay at Statin his Majesty did take in both Garts and Griffen-hagan and after retyring to Statin did prepare for his march towards new Brandenburg The third Observation AS Vicissitude maintaines the world so all temporall things here below are subject to Changes and alterations for the world it selfe was never wholly under one long and in Commandment changes are most frequent being caused through the manifold accidents occuring in Warres as by the frequency of our mortalities in the profession of Armes And also by the severall intentions of men according to their capacities and severall wits which tending some times to good sometimes to evill and oft to nothing or to worse Likewise by example here wee see inferiours must yeeld to their betters in some
things though without reason giving way to Princes that are absolute Yet it is the duty of the inferiour to maintaine his Right lest he should be thought too simple in over-passing it For though perhaps at first wee bee not heard yet it may happen that afterwards we be not incroached upon more in that kinde For as a Generall commands his Armie so should a Colonell command his Regiment that hee may advance the vertuous according to merit and good deserving more then by favour If hee would be well esteemed of hee ought to have the understanding to preferre for reward the respective and the obedient and to hold backe onely those who doe not well understand eyther themselves or others Here also we see that sometimes it is easier speaking with Kings by their inferiours then to proud Generals that although they beare the tytle lacke the discretion that should season their Commands For wee find oft times many of them doe Command more through absolute authority then through eyther love respect or reason to their Inferiours and for my part I had rather follow with little meanes a Commander who would respect me in reason for his love then to follow a proud Generall for greedinesse of meanes that taking the snuffe in his nose would affront me without reason such Generals I did never follow neither will follow though I should quit the wars for my owne contentment Wee see oft times that the faults of the Inferiours are laid on the shoulders of their Colonels which should make Superiours to make the better choice of their Officers especially in eschewing those as pestiferous who are inclined to factions or given to sow sedition amongst Camerades such are circumspectly to be avoided by the sound judgement of the Colonell desirous to live in peace with those who ought to be his friends that hee may be the more able to offend his Enemies When both love and feare are in the hearts of the inferiours then the Command is not burthensome nor the obedience slavish for sometimes as good obeyeth as hee that commandeth the Title onely with the authority being laid aside Sundry Cavalieres that carried charge under this Regiment in Denmarke wee see in the beginning of this new Warre for having attained to a little experience under this Regiment they are now like the Eagles birds that how soone they can but flee they take Command on themselves and that most worthily knowing that it is ambition grounded upon vertue makes the meanest Souldier mount from the lowest centrie to the top of honour to bee a Generall as some of our worthy Countrimen have done under the Crowne of Sweden to their eternall glory To conclude this Observation as I begun seeing all things here are but humaine unstable and but waves and tossing wherein there is nothing sure but that which is tyed to the Anchor of true Pietie fot our very life brings many things with it contrary to our expectation Therefore wee ought not to aske when or where but we should be ever mindfull how wee are prepared for they live ill that thinke they shall live ever Men will command and bee commanded so that they may live but not live so as they are commanded to live well The fourth Duty discharged of our March to New-Brandenburg and of the In-taking of it HIs Majesty after overcomming his Enemies at Garts and Girffin-Hagan having retired to Statin and made preparation for a happie new-yeares march in the beginning of Ianuary 1631. Wee brake up from Statin taking our march towards New-Brandenburg the earth clad over with a great storme of Snow being hard frost wee carried along great Canons of Batterie and a number of small Canon being well provided of all thinges belonging to Artillery our little Army consisting then of eight Thousand Horse and Foot having left the rest of the Army under Command of the Felt-Marshall Horne before Landsberg in the Marke our march the first Night went no further then beyond the passe of Lacknets where wee quartered over night breaking up the next morning wee continue our march for three dayes towards Brandenburg where there lay in Garrison as Commandant Colonell Marizane with Five hundred Horse and twelve hundred Foot being as complete to looke on as you could wish His Majesty being come by Three a clocke in the after-noone within shot of Canon to the Towne drew us in Battaile and then divided out the Poasts where the Briggads should lye commanded out the Horse watches to lye without the Foot other Troupes were also commanded forth for battering the Streets and the rest of the Horsemen being directed to Quarters The Foot battaile ordered Drums beating Colours advanced and flying every Briggad by divisions marched to their Poastes where being arrived their Watches duely set the rest were setled in their Quarters being Commanded both Officers and Souldiers not to stirre out of Quarters from their Armes but to attend on Orders In our by-going being within distance of Cannon to the Towne we were saluted with Cannon Hagbuts of Crocke and with Musket where within a short time wee rendered unto them their exchange with the interest the service continuing so long as they did the night bringing silence over all till day begun to breake againe and then at our Poast there lay before the Port a little Tri-Angle with a Water-graffe about it and a Draw-bridge wee passing through the Graffe that was not deepe stormed the Tri-Angle and made the Enemy retire within the Towne walles who fearing a generall storme did presently cause to beate a Drum desiring a Parlee which was granted pledges delivered hinc inde the Treatie went on and the Accord was made and subscribed they should march out with bagge and baggage Horse and Foot with full Armes which should have a Convoy to Hagelberg and so accordingly they marched out and then his Majestie to refresh the Armie caused to make Quarters for the whole Foot within the Towne where wee lay two nights well entertayned His Majesty having a greater enterprise in hand hee commanded out a Thousand choise Musketiers towards Trepto two miles from Brandenburg and the enemy being acquainted with their comming hee did retyre to Dameine the Leader of the party leaving two Companies in Trepto marched forwards with the partie to take in a Castle on a passe lying in his way betwixt Trepto and Dameine whereon were fifty commanded musketiers who after a little defence made for their credit did capitulate for quarters being afraid of the Armies comming they gave over both Castle and passe His Majesty leaving a few number of commanded men in Brandenburg with a Commissary for ingathering of Contribution and Proviant for the Armie he did breake up and marched towards a little Towne lying on the passe below Dameine called Letts where in the Castle there lay above sixe hundred men of the Imperialists that might have foughten for good quarters but being carelesse of their Watch our commanded Musketiers having past the
Bridge were suffered to enter within the Castle before the Garrison could get to their Armes and being thus surprized they got worse quarters then if they had fought The Soldiers and Officers that first entred made good booty and having got gold chaines and mony in aboundance by reason the Emperialists had lyen long there who though they gathered the whole money of the Country yet they had not the wit to transport it away being silly simple Italians and without courage the poorest Officers that ever I looked on and unworthy the name of Souldiers for though they knew of our march they suffered themselves pittifully to be surprized The Fourth Observation NOtwithstanding of the extremitie of cold we see his Majesties diligence neglecting no time making use of Winter as of Summer being an expert Generall who in his judgement was nothing inferiour to the greatest Generall we read of as doe witnesse his valorous actions He seeing at our comming to Brandenburge what advantage the ground yeelded to the enemy to have hindered our comming unto it As also perceiving what hurt the enemy was able to have done us before our down-lying having known their strength that were within both of horse and foot if hee had beene a resolute and a couragious Commander as hee was not hee had tried our fore-troopes before our comming so neere which made his Majesty judge they would not hold out long Here at this time a young Cavaliere desirous of honour and greedy of good instruction could have learned frō this King the way to command well as likewise with order to direct all things fitting how to pursue any place or strength he came before as his Majestie did there being the first part wherein I did observe his Majesties dexteritie in Command discharging the dueties of severall Officers being but one man he never doubted to put in execution what he once commanded and it was well done and no alteration was to be found in his Orders neither did he like well of an Officer that was not as capable to understand his directions as he was ready in giving them Neverthelesse hee would not suffer an Officer to part from him till hee found he was understood by the receiver of the Order Such a Generall would I gladly serve but such a Generall I shall hardly see whose custome was to bee the first and last in danger himselfe gayning his Officers love in being the companion both of their labours and dangers for hee knew well how his souldiers should bee taught to behave themselves according to the circumstances both of time and place before they were led to fight and being carefull of their credits hee would not suffer their weakenesse or defects to be discerned being ready to foresee all things which did belong to the health of his souldiers and his owne credit Hee knew also the devices and Engines of his enemie their Counsell their Armies their art their discipline As also the nature and situation of the places they commanded so that he could not bee neglective in any thing belonging to his charge and he understood well that an Army being brickle like glasse that sometimes a vaine and idle brute was enough to ruine them and to breake them like the bricklest glasse that is His Majesties further diligence after the intaking of Brandenburg we see he giving neither time nor leasure to the neerest Garrisons that were at hand to resolve what they had to doe for one strength was no sooner taken but incontinent the commanded Musketiers and horsemen were presently closing up the passages of the rest before they could either retire or send for supply And so being long sleeping in a carelesse securitie some of them were taken before they could bee prepared for to fight or to take about their ports or bridges so farre were they out of use with hunting and making good cheere that they were surprized inter pocula having regarded their bellies more then their credits Where I did see the saying of the Prophet cleered that saith Men doe annoy themselves in gathering goods and cannot tell who shall enjoy them For I thinke the Italians never minded that the riches which they gathered in Pomeren should be suddenly transported from the Sunne unto the Northerne cragges and cliffes of Sweden being led by the Lyon of the North the Invincible King of Sweden of never dying memory The fifth Dutie discharged of the Intaking of Dameine by Accord GEnerall Major Kniphowsen being come with a supply of horse and foote to our Army at Letts and being joyned with us his Majestie did give him orders to desire from the Colonells of all Regiments of foote and horse according to a Swedens custome used at such times the List of their marching men and of their sicke the Lists being severally given our Army did effectivè consist of fifteene thousand men of foote and horse able to fight The next morning every Regiment of foote according to custome was commanded to have a competent number of Cannon baskets ready made to be transported the next day on Waggons before Dameine which we were to beleaguer Therefore this preparation was made before hand for the Batteries the wood being scarce and farre from thence The fourteenth of Februarie we did breake up horse and foote and marched towards Dameine from Letts our horsemen were directed to lie without us on both sides of the Towne alike so that the Towne could get no supply without they would first beate our horsemen and next our foote His Majestie remaining with the Infantry as his choice we incamped on a hill and about it within Cannon shot of the Towne being our best Quarters in the extremitie of the cold without house or shelter to defend us from the winde At our first drawing up in battell a worthy Gentleman called Robert Rosse one of our Regiment was kill'd with the Cannon being blowing of Tobacco before the Regiment died instantly and was transported to Letts where he was honourably buried in the Church whose last words were worth the noteing saying Lord receive my Soule His Majestie having first disposed of the Horsemen in giving them their directions the foote was standing in battell under the mercy of the Cannon behinde this hill for two houres while his Majestie was in viewing and recognoscing both Towne and Castle which done the Guards were commanded forth to their severall Posts to the Artillerie and to his Majesties baggage then his Majestie directed Generall Major Kniphowsen and his Forces with the thousand commanded Musketiers to take in the passage that went to the Castle on which service was commanded Here Tivell his Lievetenant Colonell called _____ who commanded the partie under whom was with the commanded men of our Regiment Lievetenant George Heatly the service beginning hot on both sides striving for the passe the Lievtenant Colonell was killed At which time Lievetenant Heatly being shot notwithstanding behaved himselfe valourously being the first with his Musketiers that cleered the passe
from the enemy in making them give ground he possessed the mill on the other side of the passe till the rest of the commanded Musketiers did follow the enemy to the Castle where Kniphowsen with his Forces did advance the passe being free His Majestie having given Orders where the Batteries should be made giving Generall Banier charge to attend the Armie as it begunne to grow darke his Majestie accompanied by Colonell Tivell went to appoint the place where the approaches should beginne where the Guards should be kept that were to guard the workmen in case of an out-fall where presently both the Guards and the men that should worke were commanded forth with sufficient Officers to oversee them Likewise there were men commanded from every Regiment proportionably for making the Batteries and a strong Guard was appointed to guard the Cannon against an out-fall others were commanded from every Regiment to make more Cannon Baskets and the Furiers with Convoyes were ordained to returne to Letts for bringing of Proviant to every Regiment This all orderly done he that had meate in his Knapsacke being free of dutie could invite his Camerade to supper and make merry till he were commanded on dutie himselfe where divers did eate that were not sicke on the morrow The enemy perceiving the next morning the Guards by the approaches saluted them with Cannon and Musket and were saluted againe though not so kindly as friends doe one another The service continued the whole day his Majestie oft visiting the Castle being hardest prest as of most consequence for the Castle once wonne the Towne could not hold out Vpon the Castle were seaven Companies of Colonell Holks Regiment who fearing to be blowne up by a Mine entred in treatie and were content to take service under his Majestie and to render their Colours which immediatly was agreed upon and their Colours brought to be planted and spred on our Batteries as tokens of his Majesties victory The Cannon in the meane time from our Batteries thundring till night on their workes they begunne to be discouraged finding the Castle was given over they were out of hopes to maintaine the Towne longer The next morning Captaine Beaton of our Regiment having the guard in the Trenches the enemy falling out strong the Dutch retired and gave ground while our folke maintained their Poast valiantly in sight of his Majesty who commanded Generall Bannier with some Musketiers of Here-Tyvells Regiment and ours led on by Major Potley an English Cavalier of good worth to second the Guards and to beate backe the enemy in plaine champagne Generall Bannier advanced the enemy playing hard with cannon on them Notwithstanding whereof entering the skirmish the enemy was beate backe not without great losse on both sides where I cannot but commend Bannier his carriage being in sight of his King as his Majesty did commend our Nation for their good behaviour and charity for a Captaine of Banniers Regiment being left for dead on the field his countrimen for feare refusing to bring him off he was voluntarily brought off by our countrimen to their great praise who after disdaining his Camerades and thanking our countrimen he died of paine and agony before night After this show made of courage by the besieged they being discouraged desired a Parle where Major Greeneland an English Cavalier then serving the Emperour was sent out to make the accord with his Majesty pledges delivered by both the accord agreed on was subscribed where it was concluded the Governour should march out with flying Colours and Armes and with two peeces of Ordinance with bâ—g and baggage and a convoy to the next Emperiall Garrison providing the Governour should leave behinde him all cannon being threescore peeces of Brasse all store of Amunition and victuall and all spare Armes and to march forth precisely the next day by twelve of the clocke But had the Governour the Duke of Savellie bin so valorous as those he commanded he might in respect of the season situation of the Towne have kept the City a moneth longer so that to our Iudgments he was no good Souldier knowing his Generall was able to relieve him The enemy thus march't away and his Majesty having beset the Garrison heareing Generall Tylly with a strong Army had taken resolution to visit his Majesty in Maclenburgh he stood not long on advisement but out of hand disposed of his Army couragiously wisely and circumspectly as the event did witnesse his Majesties good command an resolution Damaine beset with Swedens Generall Bannier was ordained to stay there for to command the Garrison and to keepe correspondence with his Majesties and with others in case of Tyllies coming Generall Major Kniphowsen was sent with his owne Regiment and six companies of my Lord of Rhees commanded by his Lievetenant Colonell Bainshâ—w to lie at new Brandenburg Major Sinclair with two companies was ordained to lie at Triptowe the Grave Fonottenburg with his Majesties Regiment of horse and my squadron of Foote was appointed to lie at Malchene his Majesty himselfe with the rest of the Army were to lie at Pooswell being the passe unto Pomeren and to the Oder Felt-marshall Horne being recall'd with his forces from Landsberg was ordained to lie at Freedland all having their instructions and orders in writ which they durst not passe one jot to th' end that where ever Tyllies Army would settle the rest of our Army from the severall Garrisons should come together to relieve the party besieged if his Majesty thought fitting So leaving Damaine having lost three hundred men before it our march houlds out according to our severall orders and instructions The fifth Observation ALL things were atchieved unto here by the goodnesse of a glorious order being seconded with skilfull and valorous Officers and Souldiers obedient even unto death every one by revolution keeping his certaine time and turne and that with strictnesse each being greedy of their owne honour and advancement under this noble King and Generall who liked of no wicked Souldier living out of compasse and rule such as were birds of the Divells hatching all such were banished from this Army that was led by Pious and religious Gustavus of never dying memory who could not abide any that would profaine Gods ordinance or that refused to give obedience to good orders Here at Letts before our rising to Dameine I could not but pitty though an enemy the Italian Governour that commanded in Letts who suffered himselfe the place and his followers to be surprised knowing of the Armies approach for we see by his example that goods evill conquest with great paines are soone lost going away with wings swifter then the winde whereof Histories are full of examples to which purpose I will inferre one story I have reade of Hugolene Gerrardesque Depise as records Paulus Aemilius in the eighth booke of the French story This Hugolene being a Commander for the Pope over the Guelfes having chased a part of the Gibelins
poore Cavaliers head was shot from him and seeing him rise againe without his false head sware the Cannon had shot away the skinne with the haire of his head being bald His Majestie at this time also seeing a Dutch Captaines cloake about him going on service commanded to recall him and to command out another which was a disgrace to the Captaine whom his Majestie openly reproved saying If he had intention to have fought well he would have felt no cold and consequently the carrying of his Cloake was needlesse In this meane time his Majestie looking on from the enemies Battery a Cannon Bullet came so neare his Majestie though he was really stout he was made to stoope and behinde his Majestie the thigh was shot from a Swedens Captaine belonging to the Artillery who died the same night Here I cannot let passe an oversight unworthily committed by Generall Major Kniphowsen while as the enemy was marching out the Guard of the Posts being committed to the Swedens having got command from his Majestie to let no Officer nor Souldier come within the Towne till the enemy was marched out Kniphowsen pressing in was put backe by the Captaine that commanded Whereupon Kniphowsen not knowing what direction the Captaine had or from whom he lifting a Battoun brake it on the Captaines head which was evill thought of by his Majestie and the whole Officers of the Armie Neverthelesse we never heard of the Reparation so that I would never wish my noble friend to lie under an affront though done by any forraigne King for if I could not be revenged I would serve against him to be revenged if not of him yet at lest of his for which I crave pardon having spoken rather like a Souldier than a Divine for nothing should divert my heart sooner from my Superiour than disdaine or contempt The sixth Dutie discharged of the Intaking of Brandenburg and of Maior Iohn Sinclaire his escape out of Trepto GEnerall Major Kniphowsen with his Regiment and six Companies of my Lord of Rhees Regiment commanded then by Lieverenant Colonell Lindesey were appointed to lie in new Brandenburg when as the enemy lay downe before Brandenburg I was recalled from Malchene with my squadron to joyne with Feltmarshall Horne at Freedland being commanded to leave a Captaine with a hundred Musketiers behinde me of commanded men to beset Malchene at this time also Major Sinclaire with his own Company and Captaine Semples were commanded to beset Trepto which lay but two miles from Brandenburg his Majestie with the rest of the Army being at Posewall Tilly with his Army being ingaged in the beleaguering of Brandenburg consisting then of twenty-two thousand foote and horse having twenty-six pieces of Ordnance with all furniture answerable he beleaguered Brandenburg thinking his Majestie being so neare might be moved to ingage his Army with disadvantage to relieve it But his Majestie being more wise and having had a greater designe in his head he suffered Tilly to try his Fortune against a place of no such importance as to ingage a King and a Crowne a Countrey and an Army in relieving of it and his Majestie relying much on the wisedome discretion and valour of Generall Major Kniphowsen as that of himselfe he was sufficiently able to make an honourable Accord when better could not be And in the meane time to divert the enemy from him his Majestie did make a Carracole with the halfe of his Army towards Swede on the River of the Oder where he built a ship-bridge over the River and caused to fortifie it with Skonces that in his option he might come and goe on both sides of the River till Feltmarshall Horne might joyne with him Generall Tilly hearing the King was marched and fearing some great designe he pressed Brandenburg so much the harder with continuall shooting of Cannon till a Breach was made and then out of time Kniphowsen did send his Lievetenant Colonell with a Drummer to the breach to desire a Parle but being neglected by the enemy as too late The Parle refused Lieveteuant Colonell was killed the enemy having given Orders for a generall storme which going on Lievetenant Colonell Lindesey and Captaine Moncreiffe were both killed and Lievetenant Keith and Ensigne Haddon were also cut downe in the fury with many a brave Souldier besides who being denied Quarters fought valiantly to the last man The other Scots Officers of the Regiment being within the Towne as Captaine Ennis Captaine Gunne Captaine Beaton and Captaine Lermond with their Officers and Souldiers were for the most part taken prisoners with Lievetenant Lyell and some other inferiour Officers Captaine Ennis being on another Poast without the Port which was not stormed at all the enemy having entred on the other side of the Towne where in the fury they did put the most part to the sword and coming through the Towne Port upon Ennis his Poast behinde him he and Lievetenant Lumsdell did leape into the Graffe and saved themselves through a marrish from the fury of their enemies and came to us to Freedland Brandenburg thus taken in a partie was sent towards Trepto where Sinclaire did command getting orders to take it in also But Sinclaire did behave himselfe valiantly in falling out upon the enemy who retired againe without great hurt and maintained the Towne for two nights till he had received Orders from the Feltmarshall to quit it in the night And after that he did joyne with us at Freedland The Feltmarshall knowing that Brandenburg being taken the enemies Forces woudl march upon him and he having Orders and instructions in writing from his Majestie he retired with his Army over the passe towards Ancklam the enemy advanced to Freedland finding us to be gone they retired in haste backe to Brandenburg and from thence they march backe againe to Rapine suspecting his Majestie had marched before them towards Magdeburg Tillies Army being marched we retired to Freedland from whence Ensigne Greame with some Dragoniers was sent to Brandenburg to take Order for the hurt and sicke whom Generall Tilly had left behinde him which were plondered and some others killed by the Ensigne and his Souldiers who had also runne the same hazard by the enemy his Crabatts had they not retired in time after whose returne my Musketiers being come from Malchene we were readie to march The sixth Observation THE crueltie and inhumanitie used here by Tillies Armie giving so ill quarters to our Nation to Burgers and to those that served at the Altar was not long unpunished at such places as they least expected And Generall Major Kniphowsen was not voide of blame for refusing a Treatie in due time seeing he had no certaintie of reliefe and being left to capitulate with the enemy at his owne discretion by his instructions he had from his Majestie he ought to have embraced the opportunitie of time which once past is not to be recovered in capitulating with the enemy for honourable Quarters rather than to
were carelesse of their dueties were too carefull in making of booty that I did never see Officers lesse obeyed and respected than here for a time till the hight of the market was past and well I know some Regiments had not one man with their Colours till the fury was past and some Colours were lost the whole night till they were restored the next day such disorder was amongst us all occasioned through covetousnesse the roote of all evill and dishonesty At last the execution past his Majesty entred himselfe being guarded with the Rhine-Grave and his horsemen who immediatly were commanded to crosse the bridge and to follow the enemy at their heeles being on flight towards Glogoe where the Felt-marshall Tuffenbacke the Count of Schonberg and Mounte De Cuculé had retired with such as escaped His Majesty having but scarce quartered in the Towne the fire beginning to burne the City accidentally Orders were given with stroake of Drume with a Bancke beaten in all streetes that all Officers and Souldiers under paine of death should repaire presently to their Colours on the other side of the Oder in the outer workes where Sr. Iohn Hepburne was ordained to command within the workes except such as were appointed to guard the Portes of the Towne his Majesties quarter and the Generalls lodging on the market place where a strong guard was kept to suppresse plundering and the insolency of Souldiers Neverthelesse these orders proclaimed and published many disobeyed remaining in the Towne for plundering In this conflict the enemy lost neere three thousand men besides the Officers that were killed viz. foure Colonells Herbenstine Heydo Walestine and Ioure and above thirty six Officers were killed Likewise there were taken prisoners Colonell Sparre with five Lievetenant Colonell of Dutch and one Irish Cavalier that behaved himselfe both honourably and well Colours also they did lose as I did see the next day made Counte of before Generall Bannier forty one and Cornets of horse nine On our side were lost also at least eight hundred men whereof the blew and yellow for their parts lost five hundred His Majesty also did get here a great deale of provision for the Army as Corne Amunition and eighteene peeces of Ordinance The next day his Majesty appointed Generall Major Lesly as Governor over the Towne giving him orders to repaire the ruinous workes and walles as also orders were given for burying of the dead which were not buried fully in six dayes in th' end they were cast by heapes in great ditches above a hundred in every Grave The next day we were ordained to assemble our Regiments and to bring them together in Armes that they might be provided of what they wanted of Armes having lost many in their disorder The eighth Observation HIS Majesty going to rancounter his enemy before his rising from his Royall Leager at Swede did wisely dispose of his Army in making it into Briggads that coming unto the action he should not neede to thinke on the Theorie when it were time to practise as many young Commanders are forced to doe beginning to learne of others that which is defective in themselves who are to be pittied that undertake to leade others being ignorant themselves but this wise Generall at this time did not only order his Army as he would have them to stand in Battaile but also knowing the gifts and severall parts his chiefe Officers of the field were indued with he disposeth of them in appointing such places for them in fighting against their enemies as did best befit their vertues which all he knew before hand partly by his owne experience and partly by enquiring of others their qualities and vertues Secundo his Majesty doth forecast with himselfe what the enemy being strong might intend against him and accordingly he fore-saw wisely how to prevent him in dividing his Army by sending the Felt-marshall on the one side of the Oder with a part of his Army going himselfe on the other leaving the bridge and passage at Swede well fortified and beset with Souldiers to the end that which of both Armies might be constrained to retire over the bridge being safe might then conveniently joyne with the other As his Majesty was wise in fore-seeing what might happen he was also diligent in taking time of his enemies on the sudden before they could come together so that after this victory obtained his Majesty did not only get elbow roome by the enemies removing over the Elve and the Oder but also he did gaine time to settle his affaires with the Princes for those who would not before this victory scarce keepe correspondence with his Majesty afterwards his Majesty having freed their country from their enemies they were then content to intreate for his friendship by their Ambassadours and he like to a cunning gamster taking the Ball at the right rebound embraced their friendship and confederacy having bound them up in a more strict manner then before till in th' end they were forced to dance after his pipe Here likewise I did observe that it is never good to trust too much unto our owne strength as our enemies did who at their banqueting and inter pocula before that the storme went on though hearing the noyse of our Cannon they fell a laughing as wondring what the Swedens meant thought they to fly over the walles and granting he could enter were they not so strong as he Many more idle discourses they had extolling themselves in their pride boasting of their strength and courage not setting God before them they disdained and contemned their enemies but suddenly in an instant they found their owne follies being brought unto feare and astonishment so that at last their wits confounded and consequently their actions confused and their enemies though weake instruments by the power of the God of Armies were made strong and couragious for punishing them in repaying of their former Barbarity and cruelty used by them at new Brandenburg where we see the lord repayeth their wickednesse when they least expected Tiffenbacke the Felt-marshall was much to blame for his command being so strong within the Towne as we were without that he did not adventure to fight us in the fields or at least to have tried our conduct and valour with a strong party his not daring to adventure with us made us the more couragious and resolute to seeke him though with disadvantage having once found him to be a timorous enemy keeping himselfe close within walles for we know well the greater his strength was within if once we entred his confusion would be the greater for a multitude within a strength especially horsemen many servants and baggage breede ever confusion for avoiding whereof the Governour had the more reason to have tried us in the fields whereby he had encouraged his Garrison who seeing he durst adventure to meete us without being retired they would not be afraid within walles So it is never good to resolve to be alwayes the
defender but rather according to the time and circumstances sometimes to try Fortune as well by pursuing as by defending that our credit may not be called in question neither for too much slownesse nor for too much forwardnesse but still to presse for the Medioerity being the true vertue of Fortitude without which no Souldier can attaine commendation if he doe participate of either extreames as this Felt-marshall did staying within walles Yet some I know will object that I ought rather to praise the actions of the enemy to make ours the more glorious to which I answer ours at all times as here were so splendid that no Lustre could be added unto them our Leader Gustavus being Illustrissimus himselfe and the favourite of Fortune to whom all things succeeded fortunatly by taking of time the most pretious of all things especially in warres which sometimes helpes as much as vertue it selfe The forwardnesse and courage of Major Iohn Sinclaire and of his Colleague Lievetenant Heatlie is not to be over-past they being the first gave good example to enter this Towne in going over the walles with ladders with a weake party of fifty musketiers that ventured to follow them which were hardly received by the enemies horsemen neverthelesse they valorously defended themselves and made their enemies to retire with losse so that as my intention here is not to over-praise my friends vertue I would not on the other part be filent in giving them their due answerable to their merits and no more We see also by experience dayly that at all times as here no man ever served God for nought who rewardeth men though not through merit in respect of his God-head of whom we can merit nothing yet of his infinit bounty is ever ready to reward them truely that doe serve him his Majesty with his Army having served God in the morning at night he was made victorious over his enemies And that his Majesty in the afternoone on the Sabboth pursued his enemies there was a necessity in it Generall Tillies Army being on their march for the reliefe of the Towne his Majesty was forced to take the opportunity of time which once being past doth never returne Here we may see the evill that seare bringeth within a City or Strength causing disorder and confusion but if all those within this Towne had stood to their defence as Lievetenant Colonell Butler did and the Irish Francford had not bin taken Therefore when resistance is not made as it ought to be the victory is easily attained for nothing encourageth more then good example Et contra And I did observe here that no nation esteemed good Souldiers are inferiour to the Dutch in maintaining a storme or in extremity of danger they being otherwise good Souldiers for obedience to command in watches marches working about workes and in doing all other dueties befitting their profession being in company of others Pike-men being resolute men shall be ever my choyce in going on execution as also in retiring honourably with disadvantage from an enemy especially against horsemen and we see oftimes as we found here that when musketiers doe disbandon of greedinesse to make booty the worthy pike-men remaine standing firme with their Officers guarding them and their Colours as being worthy the glorious name of brave Souldiers preferring vertue before the love of gold that vanisheth while vertue remaineth This vice of avarice is alike common to the superiour Officer and to the inferiour Souldier which oftimes makes the superiour to be despised as well by the common Souldier as by his betters And therefore publique imployments of command should never be given to such greedy persons for as sparing in a private person is commendable being done without hurt to another even so the vertue of liberality is due to him that is publiquely imployed as also he ought to have splendor in his carriage and not to give evill example to others his inferiours if once he be honoured with command in leading of others I must then againe condemne this kinde of avarice that makes men for booty abandon their Colours and their duety they being the cause of times of the overthrow of their worthy Camerades standing to fight when they were employed in making of booty for which many time they are contemned and their money taken from them by the multitude with disgrace and danger of their lives for though sometimes they make booty they have not the fortune to enjoy it one quarter of an houre thanking God to be rid of it with their lives though not with their credits It is the duety of valiant Commanders and of brave Souldiers when ever fire entreth into a City strength or Leager suddenly with their Armes to repaire to their Colours lest at such times the enemy being neere hand should be ready to take advantage but here the baser sort of Souldiers neither for obedience to his Majesties command nor for love of their Officers nor of their owne credits would stirre to attend their Colours though the enemy had shewed himselfe to pursue the City Here also the enemy was to blame for leaving provision and Amunition behinde them whose duety it was rather to destroy it by fire or water then to leave it to their enemies But we see there is no counsell against the Lord invented by man able to worke blessed be his name for ever The ninth Dutie discharged of the intaking of Laudsberg on the Wert by accord THE fifth of Aprill 1631. his Majesty having left Francford on the Oder well beset under the command of Generall Major Lesly who had direction to see the fortifications repaired as likewise Generall Bannier was left to command over the Army his Majesty having taken two and twenty hundred commanded musketiers eight hundred horsemen twelve peece of Cannon great and small with Amunition answerable with spades shovels and axes where the Colonell of the Artillery called Leonard Richardson was commanded to goe with them for to attend his charge As also Colonell Hepburne was commanded to leade the party and I was sent as Lievetenant Colonell to second him in this employment Colonell Hepburne having viewed the party and taken notice that all things were in good order commanded the party to march having had a blacke-smith that dwel't at Landsberg for our guide we continued our march the first day being come within foure miles of the Towne we quartered at a passe on the high way and the next morning breaking up we marched forwards till on the way our fore troopes did meete with a Regiment of Crabbats where after long skirmish and losse sustained by both the parties in th' end the Colonell that led the Crabbats being deadly wounded retired to the Towne casting off all bridges behinde them which hindered us for a day The eight of Aprill we lay downe before a skonce royall built on a strong passe betwixt us and the Towne This skonce well fortified was well provided of Cannon It had also a wide
Circles of the Empire to offer to joyne with his Majestie in confederacy having seene the appearance of the strong partie his Majestie could make being assured of the friendship and concurrence of great Britaine they were both graciously accepted of and so much the more that they were the first did hazard with a private Convoy to come to his Majestie through their enemies for which his Majestie did thanke them who the next day were dispatched to returne for advanceing of the cause in doing his Majestie good service by collecting of more forces as they did soone after They being gone the twenty-two of Inly Generall Tilly with his mightie Armie did present himselfe before our Leaguer about two of the clocke in the after-noone and begun to salute us with thirty-two pieces of great Ordnance of their carriage discharging through and through our Leaguer till he made us to draw to our Armes and stand in Battaile horse and foote under the walles which did shelter us from his Cannon where we stood till night looking for his on-falling requiting and honouring him now and then with interchange of Cannon-Bullets till it begun to grow darke that he retired his Cannon to the body of his Armie having lyen all night in Battaile without being intrencht though strongly fortified without him with strong Guards both of horse and foote having his Crabbats and Dragoniers without them againe His Majestie having commanded out strong Horse-guards to watch without the Leaguer I was commanded as least worthy of a thousand that night to watch without the Leaguer with five hundred commanded Musketiers which were ordained to lye in readinesse betwixt the enemies Armie and the Leaguer almost a Cannon-shot from our workes getting orders from his Majestie himselfe how I should keepe good watch and how to behave my selfe in case of the enemies pursute and being come the length of the ground appointed for me to watch on having consolidated the body of my Musketiers in the safest ground I could finde for them to stand on their Armes rested and in readinesse First I caused set out my Perdues without my other Centries not trusting the giving of an Alarum altogether to our horse Centries and then to the end the enemy might not surprize us being sleeping I ordained the halfe of our Musketiers to stand for two houres in readinesse till the Centries were relieved and then I suffered the other halfe to rest them so long as the other did before and thus orderly wee past over the nights watch having had sundry naughtie Alarums in the night without continuance Our dutie was to be the more strict having received command of his Majestie not to quit that ground except the enemy by greatnesse of strength would beate me from it and then I should retire orderly skirmishing with the enemy our faces to them still and our Armes giving fire on them till we came under our walles so that by that meanes the Leaguer would get time to be in readinesse to receive them By the breake of day friend to valour and courage the enemies Horse-guards begun to skirmish with ours who being stronger made our Horsemen to give ground the Commander of the Watch sent to me for a supply of fiftie Musketiers which I accordingly did send with a Lievetenant giving him charge how to behave himselfe who having a little skirmished with the enemies Dragoniers and Horsemen was made to give ground also and having commanded out a Captaine with fiftie Musketiers more he was also repulsed I wondring at their carriage advanced to recognosce the bounds they were on and spying an advantage of ground I tooke out a hundred Musketiers giving a Captaine charge to remaine by the remnant of my Musketiers and putting a hedge betwixt us and the enemy we advanced till we were in even line with them and then giving a Salve amongst them incontinent we made the enemy retire so that our Horsemen did advance to their former stations His Majestie having heard the service ordained the Armie should be in readinesse and coming forth from the Leaguer accompanied with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish and Baron Tyvell where his Majestie begun to enquire of me how all passed which accordingly I related But though his Majestie was pleased yet he checked me for leaving of the Reserve to another when I went on service which I confesse was more suddenly done than wisely and ever after I promised to his Majestie to avoide the like over-sight though it succeeded well His Majestie incontinent since they had tryed his guards he would also try in earnest what for Officers and Souldiers they did command and to that effect his Majestie sent Orders to the Leaguer to command out eight hundred Horsemen of Hagapells and a thousand Musketiers with foure small Field-pieces of Cannon with the five hundred Musketiers I commanded on the Poste which all being set in order his Majestie directed the Colonell of his Leefe Regiment Here Tyvell to leade on the foote towards a Dorpe that lay neere the enemies Armie and his Majestie with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish commanded the Horse taking the Cannon along with them and comming neare the enemies Guards consisting of a thousand Currassiers having given fire with the Cannon amongst them they charged furiously with the Horse in middest of the enemy and putting them in disorder they cut them downe from their Horses as they retired at the spurres being still followed unto the body of their Armie And our Musketiers falling up alike discharging amongst them the enemy at first in great feare was almost put in confusion the most part of their Horsemen being abroad on Forrage their Guards did stand to their Armes till the Armie was drawne in Battaile and their Horse spanned or put before their Cannon during which time our Souldiers continued in giving fire amongst them till his Majestie did give orders for our Retreate which we softly made giving now and then faces about skirmishing with Cannon and Musket and then retiring againe orderly being pressed thereto by their Cannon giving fire after us and their Horsemen calling up ours in our Reare till at last we being retired the length of my Poste our Cannon being able to reach them they were made to make a stand and I was ordained with my Musketiers to remain on our former Poste his Majestie and the rest of the partie being retired within the Leaguer Incontinent from our Batteries our Cannon did play againe within the Leaguer which continued the whole day doing great hurt on both sides where the whole time I with my partie did lie on our Poste as betwixt the Devill and the deepe Sea for sometimes our owne Cannon would light short and grase over us and so did the enemies also where we had three shot with the Cannon till I directed an Officer to our owne Batteries acquainting them with our hurt and desiring they should stell or plant their Cannon higher In the morning also we lost on the skirmish thirteene Souldiers besides
and the word was given God with us a little short speech made by His Majestie being in order of Battaile we marched towards the enemie who had taken the advantage of the ground having placed his Armie on a place called Gods Acre where their Generall did make choice of the ground most advantagious for his foote Artillerie and horses he also did beset the Dorpes that invironed the ground which was left for us with Dragoniers and Crabbats to incomber our wings by their evill Neighbourhood yet notwithstanding of all the advantages hee had of Ground Wind and Sunne our magnanimous King and Leader under God inferiour to no Generall we ever reade of for wisedome courage dexteritie and good Conduct he was not dejected but with magnanimitie and Christian resolution having recommended himselfe his Armie and successe to God the Director of men and Angells able to give victory with few against many He ordered his Armie and directed every supreame Officer of the Field on their particular charge and stations committed unto them for that day As also he acquainted them severally of the forme he was to fight unto and he appointed Plottons of Musketiers by fifties which were commanded by sufficient Officers to attend on severall Regiments of horse and he instructed the Officers how to behave themselves in discharging their duties on service Likewise he directed the Officers belonging to the Artillery how to carry themselves which orderly done the commanded Musketiers were directed to their stand where to fight his Majestie then led up the foure Briggads of foote which were appointed to be the Battaile of the Armie with a distance betwixt every Briggad that a Regiment of horse might march out in grosse betwixt the Briggads all foure being in one front having their Ordnance planted before every Briggad being foure pieces of great Cannon and eight small whereof foure stood before the Colours that were the Battaile of the Briggad with Amunition and Constables to attend them on the right hand Pikes before the Colours were the other foure pieces of Cannon with Amunition and Constables conforme and on the left wing of Pikes and Colours were placed the other foure pieces of Cannon as we said before Behinde these foure Briggads were drawne up the three Briggads of Reserve with their Artillery before them standing at a proportionable distance behinde the other foure Briggads with the like distance betwixt them as was betwixt the Briggads of the Battaile The Briggads of horse which had Plottons of Musketiers to attend them were placed on the right and left wings of the foote and some were placed betwixt the Battaile of foote and the Reserve to second the foote as neede were other Briggads of horse were drawne up behinde the Reserve of the foote Briggads The Felt-marshall Horne Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtish were commanded to over-see the Horsemen his Majestie the Baron Tyvell and Grave Neles were to command the Battaile of foote Sir Iames Ramsey as eldest Colonell had the command of the fore-Troopes or commanded Musketiers and Sir Iohn Hepburne as eldest Colonell commanded the three Briggads of Reserve Our Armie thus ordered the Duke of Saxon and his Feltmarshall Arnhem having ordered their Armie whereof I was not particularly inquisitive of the manner they were ordained to draw up on our left hand and being both in one front thus ordered we marched in Battaile a little and then halted againe till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen on the wings of the Armie a large distance from the body to scoure the fields of the Crabbats we marched againe in order of Battaile with Trumpets sounding Drummes beating and Colours advanced and flying till we came within reach of Cannon to our enemies Armie then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground with their Plottons of shot to attend them As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground during which time we were drawne up according to our former plot the enemy was thundering amongst us with the noise and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets where you may imagine the hurt was great the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing though martiall I confesse yet if you can have so much patience with farre lesse danger to reade this dutie to an end you shall finde the musicke well paide but with such Coyne that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it being over-joyed in their flying By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September in despight of the fury of the enemies Cannon and of his advantages taken they were drawne up in even front with the enemy and then our Cannon begun to roare great and small paying the enemy with the like coyne which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe during which time our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us which was diligently looked unto on all hands by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians every Officer standing firme over-seeing their Commands in their owne stations succeeding one another as occasion offered By halfe three our Cannon a little ceasing the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another our Horsemen with a resolution abiding unloosing a Pistoll till the enemy had discharged first and then at a neere distance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve then our horsemen discharged their Pistolls and then charged through them with swords and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers you may imagine how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner and repulsed Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order with resolution he charged the enemies left wing forcing them to retire disorderly on their battailes of foote which caused disorder among the foote who were forced then to fall to the right hand our Horsemen retiring his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder played with Ordnance amongst them during which time the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them they were put to the Rout horse and foote and the enemy following them cryed Victoria as if the day had beene wonne triumphing before the victory But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote where their Generall stood they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh our Armie of foote standing firme not having loosed one Musket the smoake
Cannon and Musket roaring in his eares makes him sicke before he come neere danger as I have known some but where vertue and honour doth growe there labour exercise and danger is needfull Nam ardua difficilis virtutis est via tamen nil tam difficile est quod non solertia vincat And death it selfe is never bitter when it leaves an immortall and glorious name behind it Vivit enim post funera virtus animus moderatis laboribus adjuvatur immoderatis autem abluitur To conclude then this observation we see that as courage in warres is much worth for obtaining of victory so is the wisedome of a Generall or Leader in warres as Gustavus was of so much worth even in the obtaining of this victory that the spirit of him alone and skill in direction was better than thousands of armed men The enemy being in this Battaile neere twelve thousand men at least stronger than we yet Gustavus alone on our side was better and of more worth to us then that multitude to our enemies Wee see then here that no greater joy or pleasure can come to mortall man than to overcome his enemy by Armes and we see also that the event of Battaile doth not consist in number of Fighters but under God in the order and courage used in Battaile Here also we see that a good cause and a good quarrell is ever to be had if thou wouldest have victory over thine enemies and who would wish a better quarrell then we fought for this day being for the reliefe of our distressed friends and for the libertie and promotion of Christs Gospell or who would not hazard in such a quarrell especially against such enemies that had banished the daughter of our dread Soveraigne and her royall Issue from her Kingdome and Dignities O would to GOD I had once such a Leader againe to fight such an other day in this old quarrell And though I died standing I should be perswaded I died well and I wish that as wee have received the light of truth happily that fought in that quarrell even so we may happen to restore that light againe pleasantly that as wee did overcome that day our carnall enemies even so we may overcome in our last fight our spirituall enemies that after death we may be crowned with immortall Glorie The seventeenth Dutie discharged of our March from the place of Battaile towards Leipsigh HAving merrily past the night on the place of Battaile with varietie of pleasant discourses of our severall observations of the day having hunted a Foxe that was both old and craftie though hee had escaped with his life he had a torne skinne and a brused bodie and being long chased in end he got a hole to hide him in for sure he did thinke there was no long safetie for him if oft hee did but meete with such cunning hunters that had laid all passes for him to keepe him in for though at this time hee had stripped away his taile yet his traine for the most part were either taken or killed Other Discourses wee had of plentie and of want being some of us extreamely hungrie others pined with extraordinary thirst having no water neere unto us nor vessels to bring it from a farre our servants being left farre behind us who were plundred by those cowards that had fled from us who also furnished a great part of our nights Discourse having wondered at their carriage that had such externall showes with so few inward giftes of the minde The night thus past the day peeping every one that missed a loving friend or a Camerade went neere to the ground on which they sundered making diligent search to finde them either dead or alive sundries of both were found the dead were put under ground being honourably buried like souldiers that had given their lives for the weale of the publique the wounded were convoyed unto Dorpes where Chirurgians were appointed to attend their cure By nine of the Clocke the Armie was drawne up in Battaile where the difference was great betwixt our show then and the sight of the day before His Majestie having overviewed the Armie he tooke the most part of the Horsemen with him and commanded to march towards Leipsigh with the rest of the Armie to be rested there till further Orders and His Majestie with the Horsemen advanced after the enemie prosecuting the victorie in taking Order with those they had left behind for making their Retreate sure whereof there were left at Leipsigh three thousand men whom His Majestie in his by-going gave Orders to pursue and advanced to a Castle called Morshberg where there were a great many of the enemie who rendred themselves and tooke service Our March continuing to Leipsigh at our comming there we found a well provided Leaguer for our hungrie stomackes of all sort of good victuals where about the Leaguer there were feeding Kine Sheepe Calves Geese Hennes they left also Corne in abundance and flower in readinesse which was the more acceptable being found at hand without travelling for it and to avoide strife and disorder before we entered the Leaguer it was divided proportionally amongst the Regiments as we would part quarters where no man was suffered to take any thing out of an others quarter but it behoved him to be content with his lot whither good or bad so that being quartered they were happie to their meate having come as they say to a peeld egge where we laie two nights refreshing our selves till our bagage was come after us from Diben during which time the Saxons were comming together their feare being past at Leipsigh where Felt Marshall Harnam was appointed with the Dukes forces to take in both the Towne and Castle which immediatly were given over on accord The seventeenth Observation HEre we found the Proverbe verified that they never had an evill day who got a merry night after and the long expectation of this our happinesse made our joye the more welcome for wee helped with great labour toyle and travell to have brought this dayes worke to a good end we rejoyced that the labour and danger being vanished the good of it remained with us and though our Commons were but short our mirth was never the lesse for we ought not to care how laborious or painefull our actions are if the fruite be honest and good for though the paines be first tedious yet betime they will yeeld content What matter is it then of our toyle and travell or what care should we take of trouble or danger so our joyes may be enlarged Iob was not so miserable in his affliction as he was happy in his patience Which should teach all men of our Profession to beare their disturbances and troubles patiently that in end they may come to their wished for credit and honour For he is not worthy the sweete that cannot suffer the sower neither is he worthy to be made participant of such mirth as we enjoyed this night
his Majestie nor yet was he any wayes beneficiall to the Colonells who did the service but put all in his owne purse neither yet did be acknowledge Sir Iohn Hepburne with the least token of his bountie whose merit at this time was not inferiour to his owne His Majesty having taken in Swinfort and beset it he continued his march to Wurtzburg and coming before the Towne he summoned them to render whereupon they did send Father Ogleby Abbot of the Scots Cloyster at Wurtzburg to capitulate with his Majestie in the behalfe of the Burgers who got granted unto them the like accord as was made with Erfort in all degrees the accord subscribed his Majestie entered the Towne the same day that our forces arrived at Carlstat being within two miles of them that night The Citie given over the Castle refusing to heare of any Treatie they begunne from the Castle-workes to plague his Majesties Armie with Cannon where ever they could lie or stand within or without the Citie on either side of the Maine they were cruelly tormented by the enemies Cannon so that at last it went on in earnest on both sides for his Majestie having had intelligence that Generall Tilly with a strong Armie of fiftie thousand men being joyned with the Duke of Loraine were coming for the reliefe of the Castle his Majestie resolved that taking of time was best and that it behooved him on the sudden to have it or not at all This Castle being a strong Strength sequestred on a height from the Towne and the Souldiers as they retired from the Towne they did breake off one Arch of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties passage over the Bridge unto the Castle being the onely way he could get to it and the Castle-workes did so command the Bridge that a single man could not passe over without great danger of life being the whole Bridge did lie open just under the Castle where there was one long plancke laid over the broken Arch being distant in height from the water neere eight fathom so that it seemed a hazard or torment to any man to passe over alongst the plancke where some valourous Officers and Souldiers would rather adventure to goe before the mouth of the Cannon than to crosse over the plancke though there were no danger of the enemies Cannon or Musket which still played furiously on that passe of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties Souldiers in setting over where at first two valourous Gentlemen of our Nation being brethren were killed on the Bridge viz. Sir Iames Ramsey his Major called Bothwell and his brother Neverthelesse before our coming from Carlstat being within two miles his Majestie had ingaged the rest of our Country-men that were with him on this piece of service being the most desperate and of the greatest importance that was ever done in Dutchland during the continuance of the warres And therefore Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were made choice of with their Regiments by his Majestie who knew both their worth and valour being perswaded if they refused it none would undertake the service after them the passage being so dangerous and of such hazard that without great difficultie there was no probabilitie to gaine much credit there and his Majestie resolved except those Cavaliers with their followers would make way to others the wished event could not be hoped for at that time seeing the enemy was within three dayes march to relieve it and to the end they might shew good example to others they were commanded with their fellowes being all Musketiers to crosse the Bridge and to beate the enemy from the water side and then to force a passage for the rest of the Armie towards the Castle the orders were as hard as the passage was difficult yet Cavaliers of courage being daring men and once resolved nothing could seeme difficult unto them to gaine honour and credit to themselves and Country especially being made choice of by a King out of his Armie to give testimony publikely in view of the whole Armie of their valour and resolution exemplary forcing their enemies to give ground for them and theirs having had not one foote of ground on that side of the water till they should gaine it at their landing for I was none of the actors nor yet of the spectators till I had viewed it the next day being informed particularly by my Camerades of the manner of their on-falling The bridge day over the Maine with six Arches in length being a very faire and spatious bridge over which sixtie men could well march in front lying open unto the Castle batteries and workes the middle Arch whereof being broke a plancke was set over where with difficultie strong-headed Souldiers might crosse one after another under mercy of Cannon and Musket and while as they could but file over the enemy could receive them with full bodies of pikes and muskets which was a great disadvantage and the distance betwixt the water and the plancke would terrifie any to venter over for feare of drowning though he were in no feare of an enemy so that many who went with resolution to passe over returned againe choosing rather to crosse alongst the water in small boates Notwithstanding the enemy would emptie Salves of muskets on them before their landing Neverthelesse Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton in obedience to his Majesties commands with a few Souldiers adventured to crosse the River with small Boates their Souldiers giving fire before their landing and in their landing against their enemies and being happily once landed and beginning to skirmish their Souldiers they left behinde them who before durst not adventure to crosse alongst the plancke seeing their Officers and Camerades ingaged with the enemy to helpe them they ranne over the plancke one after another so fast as they could runne till at last they past all and made a strong head against the enemy till by the valourous Conduct of their Leaders and their following they forced the enemy to give ground retiring unto their workes Their Leaders desirous to gaine further honour and reputation pursued the enemy so hard till they had beaten them out of a Torne they had fled unto At which time Sir Iames Ramsey was shot lame in the left arme and then his Camerade Sir Iohn Hamilton succeeding him both in command and courage notwithstanding of the enemies strength and great fury used against them having disputed with long service for the ground at last it was made good by Sir Iohn and his followers till such time his Majestie had set over after them the most part of the Armie so that they were blocked up on all quarters and forced to remaine within their workes till that against night the service being ceased we with the rest of the Armie were come from Carlstat and quartered that night without the Towne on the other side of the Maine His Majestie before day gave Orders to the Swedes and some Dutch Regiments to
Duty discharged at Oxenford on the the Maine in Franconia HIS Majesty having intelligence that Generall Tillie had intention to have fallen on Oxenford to patronize the passe over the Maine where his Majesty had sent but one hundred and fifty musketiers whom he judged to be too weake for defending of the Towne and considering with himselfe the enemy might likewise pursue Wurtzburg having made but a faint at Oxenford and perhaps his intention might be to pursue both alike his Majesty under night coming alone on horsebacke from the Castle towards my quarter being then in the remotest part of the whole Towne I being at supper his Majesties foote-man tould me the King was below and desired I should come unto him being come to his Majesty he commanded me in all haste to bring our Briggad in Armes and to draw them up on that part against his returne and to command Sr. Iohn Hepburne in his name to meete him there which immediatly being obeyed accordingly his Majesty being returned commanded Hepburne to leade off the Musketiers of the whole Briggad being then eight hundred and to follow his Majesty whether so ever he went who commanded me to bring up the Reare leaving our Colours and pike-men behinde us there till further orders we marched on in the night halfe a mile without the Towne before we knew whether we were going or what the exploite could be that we were going on having left both our horses and servants behinde us at last his Majesty acquainting Colonell Hepburne with his designe he marched towards Oxenford being convoyed with foure score horses alongst the side of the Maine and we followed with our foote marching in seven houres those foure miles and before two of the clocke in the morning we arrived there without halt or drawing of breath by the way At our coming we were let in alongst the bridge unto the market place where our Souldiers after this wearisome march were commanded to stay by their Armes all night in readinesse and houses were appointed for the Officers to remaine in all night The next morning by day light his Majesty did send for Colonell Hepburne and me and tells he was going to visit the walles without and he commanded to send two hundred musketiers of our Regiment towards the Port before him which being done his Majesty accompanied with some Cavaliers walked out and the night before at his Majesties coming to Towne he had directed fifty horse to watch halfe a mile without the Towne betwixt him and the enemy At his Majesties out-going we heare the enemies Dragoniers with some horsemen making service against the watch who were forced to retire whereupon his Majesty commanded me to send forth fifty musketiers with a Lievetenant to skirmish with the enemy till the horsemen might retire the musketiers being advanced they skirmished with the enemy in view of his Majesty houlding up the enemy till the horsemen were by but the enemy being too farre strong made our musketiers lose ground in retiring and his Majesty suspecting the enemy was back't with stronger forces his Majesty commanded me to command a hundred musketiers more with a sufficient Officer to march incontinent for reliefe of their Camerades and commanded me to goe withall and to place them in the most advantagious ground which I did and incontinently the reliefe begun the service a fresh forcing the enemy to retire backe over the top of the hill which his Majesty perceiving was wondrous glad saying the Scots skirmish well who had made the enemy quit their ground which they possest and kept the other side of the hill being all plaine his Majesty commanded out a troope of horse for to recognize the enemies designe and calling Colonell Hepburne unto him he said he would leave us there and fearing the enemy might have a designe upon Wurtsburg he would returne thither being of greatest moment and so he gave orders to Hepburne to defend the Towne so long as he could and then in case of necessity to retire over the bridge and to breake it off behinde him His Majesty being gone Colonell Hepburne begun to put all things in good order preparing for the enemies coming casting downe houses and walles which might serve without the Towne for the enemies advantage as also cutting downe trees and hedges which might serve to shelter the enemy As also making Scaffolds about the walles for musketiers to make service from ordaining the severall postes to be repaired and defended in case of the enemies pursuite ordering also the watches and by watches to observe their precise houres making also provision betimes for store of Amunition and giving diligent and capable men charge over it and appointing guards for it with severall other directions befitting an able Commander to give out at such times being looking for a mighty enemy to pursue a skurvy irregular hole where no Cavalier could gaine credit without overmuch hazard yet such a Master would be so served All things thus provided the Curriers went night and day betwixt his Majesty and the Governour for mutuall intelligence till the third night before day the enemies Trumpets and Drummes made such a noise as though Heaven and earth were going together continuing as if the enemy were marching to the walles for a generall storme our horse guards being beaten in under the walles were refused of entry and the out-guards of foote also and then every man within walles did repaire to their posts expecting a generall storme and the pitterding of the ports The Colonell having visited the whole guards and made the Rounde of the whole Towne seeing all things were in good order and the day drawing neere we found the enemy was retiring from us having begun his march at midnight towards Newringburg and the upper Paltz The day cleering our horsemen having come from the other side of the Maine being led and commanded by Duke Bernard of Wymar whereof foure hundred were commanded towards the enemies quarters to take order with those were left bâ—…inde who did get but slight quarters The enemies Army being marched his Majesty was advertized who sent orders incontinent to Sr. Iohn Hepburne to breake up in the night with five hundred musketiers and to march by the enemy in the night towards Wintzsen which by appearance was too hazardous The enemy being too farre before and in his way also which made his Majesty to countermand his former orders against his custome and then the Colonell being commanded to beset the garrison he was recald with the party to returne to Wurtzberg After Tillies departure his Majesty caused publish an Edict over all Franconia that both Clergy and Laikes none excepted should come and sweare their fidelity to his Majesty Whereupon the full liberty of their profession in religion should be granted unto them untroubled As also they should have his Majesties safeguards for the conservation of their worldly estates and in this Edict were contained a great part of his Majesties former victories obtained
had commanded had made shipwracke of all As his Majestie was wise and moderate in his Command so those who obeyed were faithfull and intire to their Superiour Here inferiours whom Fortune favoureth though weakest were subject in all things to him who was Fortunes Minion and Mars his equall Gustavus the Invincible that by his wisedome and foresight forced old Tillie to retire to Nurenberg having gained nothing but losse which retreate was the presage of his future ruine at the Leacke where it enters into the Danow Here also we are instructed as well by his Majesties politique government as by his military He being alike expert in both discharging the dutie of a King and a Generall Tam Arte quam Marte for the enemy was no sooner gone but incontinent his Majestie caused serve his publique Edicts for bringing in the Country-men to give their oaths of fidelitie moving them thereto partly by compulsion and partly by promises of dutie and of libertie to their Consciences two strong Arguments to move those to obedience who had seene their friends forced to turne backes upon them from whom under God they did expect Reliefe to come Moreover we see here that those who are honoured by God are also worthy of honour from their equalls other Kings Princes and Confederates sending their Ambassadours unto them to congratulate their good Fortunes and successe as also to Treate with them in matters belonging to their mutuall States and standing at this time also there were Commissioners sent from Vlme Strasburg Nurenberg and Francford treating with His Majestie for themselves apart as free from the bodie of the Empire And such feathers his Majestie was glad to get out of the Emperours wings knowing the more he wanted of such feathers the worse he could flie and some of them were light changing as the winde To conclude then whom fortune favoures the world laughs on as may be seene here by the example of Lievetenant Colonell Howbalt after the intaking of Hanow by meere fortune being surprized which was the occasion this Cavalier was so suddenly made up in getting Command over horse and foote from Livetenant Colonell who foure yeeres before was Sergeant under the blew Regiment Yet notwithstanding the good he had received under his Majestie and his Crowne he afterwards quit them and their service in their greatest extreamitie which was unthankfully done of him being more unkindly then friendly The twenty second Duty discharged of our March from Wurtzburg to Francford on the Maine HIS Majesty having beset Wurtzburg Castle with a strong Swedens Garrison under command of Colonell Axellille preparation being made for the march the Colonell of the Artillery Leonard Richardson a Swede was directed downe the Maine with the great Cannon and three hundred commanded musketiers of Scots of Sr. Iames Ramfey his Regiment comanded by Alexander Hanan being a discreete Cavalier of good command and conduct and valorous also they had abundance of Cannon fire-workes Amunition and all other furniture belonging to Artillery with them by water having got orders to take in all strengths on the Maine which lay in their way where they and he who commanded them made good booty having taken in severall Castles and Miltenburg also and from thence continued their course downe the water towards Ashaffenburg a City and a Castle on the Maine belonging to the Bishop of Mentz where they had orders to remaine till his Majesties coming with the Army This march continued for five dayes where we had nightly good quarters by the way being in feare of no enemy we kept the whole march the Maine on our right hand our horsemen upon the left having had the Felt-marshall with his Army lying at Bambridge betwixt us and the enemy so that this march though in winter was not so troublesome unto us as their travelling is to them who journey in forraine countries for to see strange faces where they must needs lay out monies for their entertainment some of us on this march were well entertained and did get mony besides to spend at Francford Likewise when it behoved travellers to hire guides and sometimes to hire convoies for their safeties we had Gustavus a King under God our Leader and a powerfull Army to convoy us and at night the sweete and sociable society of our countrimen and strangers the one to season the other which made our march pleasant alongst the pleasant and fruitfull River of the Maine that runnes through faire Franconia into the Rhine at Mentz Having come with the Army the length of Hanow leaving Ashaffenburg behinde us we marched to Steinhem which presently we tooke in by accord where the most part of the Souldiers did take service which being done his Majesty did send unto the Lords of Francford desiring them for the well of the professours of the Evangell to take in a Carrison with a protestation if they refused to doe it willingly it behoved him otherwise to deale with them which was not his desire They having taken the proposition for two dayes in advisement his Majesty the sixteenth of November did let quarter the Army before their Ports in Offenback Ober and Nider Rode the next day they consented his Majesties Army should march through leaving six hundred men in Garrison in Saxenhowsen the Lords giving their Oath to secure the Garrison of Saxenhowsen of all dangers and on the seventeenth of November his Majesty with the whole Army in comely order marched alongst the bridge from Saxenhowsen through the Towne of Francford to wards Hechst where there lay two miles off the Towne a Garrison of the enemies In this march through Francford such order was kept without any disorder as if it were the solemne procession of a King and his nobles in parliament every one admiring of his Majesties good order and discipline kept over his Army The nineteenth of November Hechst was taken in by his Majesty with accord where the Souldiers for the most part tooke service The next day the Army lying still in Dorpes his Majesty returned to Francford and met with the Landgrave of Hessen the Landgrave of Darmstat and with the Earles of the Vetro where it was agreed amongst them for the defence of the Land to joyne in one confederacy where the Castle of Russelshem was given unto his Majesty by the Landgrave of Darmstat whereon two hundred Scots of Colonell Lodowick Lesly his Regiment were set under command of Captaine Macdowgall The next day being the two and twentith of November his Majesty returned to Hechst againe and having put forth the Papists placing his owne Preachers on Sunday his Majesty thanked God that he had gotten in Francfort without bloud or stroake of sword His Majesty caused to set over a ship-bridge at Hechst and sent ships before Mentz to blocke it by water till his Majesty with the Army crossed the Maine and marched by Darmstat in the Bergstrasse of intention to have gone for Heidelberg but retiring downe neere the Rhine having
taken by storme of hand And therefore for sparing of their Citie they promised his Majestie for keeping good order threescore thousand Dollers Likewise I did observe by Axallillies losse of his legge that many times hurt comes to men in that kinde as a presage of worldly lucke in getting as they say something to the sore foote for he before this being but meane in estate and employment was afterwards made rich by governements Divers others I could instance under our Armie were advanced to riches after receiving of meane hurts and on meane occasions of service as this was being but a looker on But for me let me have health and glad povertie with credit for riches I desire not if that I may have more of credit than others and that shall be my prayer to keepe my minde in an invincible place that externall things move me not neither would I suffer fortune to be able with her threatnings to pierce me having tryed sharper that could not dare Let us then be content with our lot and though the meanes we should live on be detained from us yet let us wrong no body by oppression in conquering by unlawfull meanes and doubtlesse the Lord will conserve our healths and sustaine our bodies with sufficiency and so being honest we neede never be ashamed to be thought poore in mens esteeme being rich in Christ Here also I did observe that oftentimes those that durst not lift up their beads in time of danger doe often better speed and thrive in worldly things than those that merit the best as was seene on those Briggads entred first into Mentz that did get both Prisoners and spoyle with the best Quarters when others that deserved better were worse quartered in emptie houses while as other Colonells and Souldiers of farre lesse deserving were making up of estates for their posteritie in better Quarters within the Paltz and Franckonie But on the contrary valourous men their labours and travells ought to be rewarded with honour and profit by those they did truely serve For if great undertakings in this kinde before Townes in extremitie of danger were nobly recompenced with great rewards that would incourage men againe to refuse nothing to be undertaken that was honourable and on the contrary nothing discontents worthy men more than to be rewarded like Cowards and those that stood out the danger like those that durst not lift head when the storme blew and when the hope of reward is the comfort of mens labours than all toyle seemes to be easie and it is a hard thing when the diligent and industrious is disappointed of his hyre and when he is rewarded with injury who did merit well this of all evills is most unsufferable when he must suffer losse that expected helpe for on the contrary it were more just that notable vertues should be notably rewarded with badges of honour to make all others treade in the glorious path of vertue and well-doing The twenty-fifth Dutie discharged of my March with a partie to the Mosell WHile we lay at Mentz his Majestie having heard that the Spaniard had set over a strong Armie at Spier of intention to fall on the Rhinegrave his Regiment of horse lying in the hinder Paltz betwixt Bachrach and the Mosell who having no foote forces with him his Majestie made choice of me to be sent unto him with a partie of five hundred commanded Musketiers for to assist him in maintaining the Garrisons in those parts from the incursion of the Spaniard and his Majestie hearing of the Queenes coming towards Francford leaving orders with Duke Barnard of Wymar then Governour of Mentz and commander over the Armie in his Majesties absence to direct me away with the partie to the Rhinegrave his Majestie being gone I was sent for by the Duke to receive my Orders which were I should receive five hundred commanded Musketiers with sufficient victualls and Amunition and then to ship them at Mentz and to goe downe the Rhine towards Bachrach and there to send to the Rhinegrave for further orders but before my departing I took orders in writ from the Duke how to carry my selfe in obeying of the Rhinegrave his commands and immediately I went and received the partie being in readinesse on the market-place with Proviant and Amunition for the voyage and being shipt we went downe the Rhine towards Bingen on the Noe that runs by Creutznach through the Paltz into the Rhine at Bingen where Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment did lie in Garrison out of which there went with me of that Regiment a Captaine with a hundred Musketiers being shipped we continued our course towards Bachrach where being landed I desired from the Governour being a Captaine under the Red Regiment Quarters for my Souldiers till I got orders whether to march but the Captaine being discourteous closed the Ports using us unfriendly whereupon I desired to be let in to speake with him which being granted for me alone I entered and having spoke with the Captaine was refused of Quarters and of Proviant for my Souldiers whereupon I retired forth the Ports being closed againe I made our Souldiers make good fires of the driest wood without the Towne whereof there was no scareitie and being darke the Towne lying alongst the River we getting intelligence there was a water-gate where there stood a Centry I tooke a small Boat and two Officers with me and entering the sallying Port the Centry suspecting no enemy we tooke him off swearing if he cryed we would kill him and bringing him to our Guard left him to their keeping and immediately I went in at the sallying Port accompanied with my Officers and some Musketiers and having set a Guard at the Port we went to the Captaines quarter and tooke in his lodging where we made good cheare jeering the Captaine till he was contented to send forth abundance of victuals for the whole party to make good quarters for our whole Officers within the Towne where they did get both meat money and beside I made all the Dorpes that were without the Towne belonging to it to pay a contribution of money to me my Officers for keeping good order which we did to repay the Captaines unthankfulnesse The next day leaving the partie to make good cheare I went to the Rhinegrave to receive his Commands who directed me to march to a Dorpe within two miles of Coblentz and to quarter there till further Orders I retired to the partie and forcing the Captaine to send fiftie Musketiers with me wee followed our Orders and quartered within two miles of Coblentz The Rhinegrave having gotten intelligence where some of the Spaniards did lie in quarters with his Regiment falling into their quarters he did defeat two Regiments of them that were come over the Mosell before the Armie The next day he advertised me he was to advance with his Regiment towards Spier neere the Mosell to attend the enemies coming and if he were distressed he would advertise
me whereby I might timely beset the Strengths The Spaniard having set over his Army at Spier being ten thousand strong getting intelligence of the Rhinegraves Quarter they marched on it where he lay in open Dorpes in a manner trusting and reposing too much unto himselfe and his strength mis-regarding his enemies being a Cavalier who was both couragious and resolute who had also resolute and valourous Officers and Souldiers under him a sudden alarum had no power to fright him or his being his watch was commanded by Rutmaster Hume of Carrelside who was a Cavalier of courage and of good experience finding by intelligence the enemy was approaching on his Guard he advertised his Colonell timely to draw out on horse-backe and to expect his enemy in the field who did take no notice of the first advertisement till the Rutmaster rode to him and advertised him to draw to the fields he commanded him againe to retire unto his watch he knew his owne time the Rutmaster scarce returned when he with his watch were charged by three Troopes which charge he received and charged them againe and then retired on the Colonels quarter being so hard followed that by the Colonell was on horse-back he was invironed by three Regimēts of the enemies whom he bravely charged home with foure troops of his and making them to retire he did caracolle about from the enemy having suffered losse on the charge The young Grave of Nassaw then a Rutmaster being hurt and taken and divers more inferiours being retired he commanded Rutmaster Hume with the other foure Troopes to make astand before the enemy to hold them off till such time he were retired The Rutmaster seeing the enemies strong coming up in full squadrons one after another he drew up very wisely his foure troops in the entry of a wood making a large and broad front whereby the enemy might judge he was stronger than he was as also that they might thinke he had Musketiers behinde him in Ambuscade for a reserve or hinderhalt which made the enemy give them the longer time and the better opportunitie to his Colonell to retire with ease The Rutmaster finding the enemy to fall off a little he retired his troopes at an easie trot till he overtooke the Colonell who thought before their coming they had beene all cut off Immediatly the Rhinegrave sent to me to beset the Garrisons as I did and then he sent Poste unto his Majestie acquainting his Majestie how all had past and of the enemies strength which his Majestie having knowne he drew his Armie together at Mentz with a resolution to fight with the Spaniard before he were suffered to relieve Franckendale but the enemy hearing of his Majesties preparation they retired over the Mosell againe and they being retired I was recall'd with the partie unto Mentz where having left a Captaine and a hundred Musketiers with the Rhinegrave to be disposed on having got orders to that effect from his Majestie which afterwards were all cut off by the enemy the rest of the partie dismist I retired to my Commands The twenty five Observation THE duty of an Officer leading a party is almost alike to the duty of a Generall leading an Army in fight in march in quartering in command and those he commands ought to give the like obedience unto him though strangers as if absolutly they were of his owne Regiment and his care for them should be as for himselfe He ought also at the undertaking of the command or charge over them to foresee to be sufficiently provided of all things necessary for such service as he is commanded on of Amunition spades shovels materialls for his Cannon and Pettards with his Guides to convey him from one place to another till he come to the end of his intended march doing all things by wise and deliberate stedfastnesse in Command without wavering not altering his Orders as he must answer to his Generall to whom he is to give account and his best is to have his Orders in writing that in case of variance betwixt Commanders Writing may beare him thorough when Orders by mouth will be denied neither ought he in his command to be timorous or rash but rather resolute and remisse as occasion offers and on occasions apart when his Command must be relative to anothers direction that is but subordinate to a Generall he must deliberat wisely what to doe and he must foresee the best and worst of things but having once deliberated let him be as resolute in the execution as he can Likewise here we see in the Rhinegrave a rare example both of remisnesse and courage in one person For first being made foreseene of the enemies comming he shewed his remisnesse having refused to give eare to the severall advertisments till in th' end he was pursued unawares and then he did testifie his inward courage and resolution in charging the enemy being three Regiments with foure troopes putting them to a retreat Neverthelesse we see him alike beholden to the Rut-master for his advertisment as for his safe retreat having first and last suffered the dint of the enemies Armes on him and houlding it off his Commander A brave example to be imitated and followed of all Cavaliers that would gaine honour and reputation The twenty sixth Duty discharged of the accidents occurred in our warres during our lying in Mentz THIS following discourse being no direct part of the discharge of duty intended of the Regiment neverthelesse for lacke of emploiment in my calling at that time being idle in Garrison I remarked so farre as I could by report the actions of others as they occurred then being out of action my selfe yet I can affirme what I relate will be found true if not let me be no more blamed than those that gave the intelligence His Majesty having gone to meete the Queene being come from Leipsigh to Hanow the twenty second of Ianuary 1632. his Majesty conveyed the Queene to Francfurt where all the Cannons went off after their entries At this time also the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne came from Spruce conveyed by our countriman Sr. Patrick Ruthven then eldest Colonell of Scots under his Majesty being then Governour of Mariburg and Colonell of a Dutch Regiment lay there with whom did come fro Spruce Lievetenant Colonel Hugh Hamilton who was Lievetenant Colonell then to Sr. George Cuningham his Regiment of Scots that lay in Spruce Captaine Mongomery came also with them who soone after was made Lievetenant Colonell to a free Squadron of foote and after that was killed in combat on horsbacke by the Generall Quarter-master Bullion at first Captaine under me At this time also came with him Quarter-master Sandelence who afterwards was Captaine Major and Lievetenant Colonell having ascended by degrees according to worth and deserving The Chancellor being come his Majesty and he sat ordinarily all day in counsell treating on weighty matters At which time the Cullens Ambassadour was treating apart with his Majesty for neutrality affirming
on Swinford incontinent his Majesties Army was brought together at Mentz and leaving the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne in the Paltz at Mentz as director and to attend on the Spanish forces till the Paltz were cleered of the enemie The sixth of March his Majesty did breake up from Francford where in the fields before Aschaffenburg the Army made a shew in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Marquesse of Hamilton and divers others men of quality and having passed the bridge we quartered over night in the fields on the backe side of the hill and the next day continued our march towards Lore and having sent before to make provision for the Army in all parts where he resolved to quarter through Franconia being free of our enemies The next night we quartered at Erinfield and our Briggad passing by Gemond we marched on Carlestat where we quartered over night the next day continuing our march we joyned at night with the army at Tettelbach where before our upbreaking the next morning a fire being entred in the Subburbs as his Majesty was marching out of quarter those of Spences Regiment were blamed for this accident though innocent Neverthelesse his Majesties rage continued the whole day and we being separated his Majesty marched on Kitchen on the Maine to joyne with the Felt-marshall and we were commanded to march on Oxenford on the Maine and from thence to Vinchen where we againe were to joyne with the Army having ever our cannon and Amunition waggons along with us On Sunday in the afternoone his Majesty againe over-viewed the Army being set in order of Battaile the Felt-marshalls forces and some new forces having joyned with us being pleasant to behould where in time of the show his Majesty of Bohemia did come and salute our Briggad being resaluted with all due respect of the whole body of the Briggad where his Majesty was pleased to shew us how glad he was of the good report and commendation his Majesty of Sweden had given of our good service the continuance whereof he hartily wished Our Army this day was above twenty thousand men horse and foote besides those did belong to the Artillery being all in good order Generall Tilly having understood of his Majesties coming and of the strength of his Army he thought as best for the safety of his Army not to stay our coming and besetting Bamberg and Fercham with new levied men taking the ould Souldiers with him he marched towards Newmarke in the upper Palatinat having taken all the best things he could finde within the Bishopricke of Bamberg with him on waggons And having sent his Generall Quartermaster before him towards Loaffe he was met by some of the Swedens party and being kill'd all his letters were brought unto his Majesty and before his Majesty brake up with the Army he caused to publish an Edict over all Franconia that all sort of people which had before bin fugitives for feare of Religion they were all free to returne unto their houses againe not being molested or troubled in the peaceable labouring of the ground Likewise on this march a strong party of our Army led by Colonell Sparereutter Rancountring with the enemies party by Schawbbishhall after a long skirmish the Emperialists were made to retire with losse towards the Castle of Danberg where Lievetenant Colonell Buckey that had the command of the Emperialists was sore wounded a Rut-master of the Crabbats and a Lievetenant was kill'd and aboue twenty six Souldiers besides a hundred and thirty were taken prisoners The newes came to his Majesty on our march which we continued from Winsen on Welmersdorffe and from thence the next day being the twentith of March to Furt a passe on the River of Pegnets a mile from Nurenberg where the Army lay but one night so long as his Majesty did visit Nurenberg and the next day our march continued towards a little Towne called Schawbach where his Majesty rested the Army two dayes till that the Duke of Wymars forces with Generall Banier coming from During were come within one dayes march of us his Majesties intentions being towards Donavert on the Danube where my Cozen Fowles with both his Regiments joyned with us His Majesty of Sweden accompanied with the King of Bohemia and Palsgrave Augustus and divers Princes more before their coming to Nurenberg they were met by the Lords of the Towne with a great convoy on horsbacke and were most nobly welcomed where the whole inhabitants were overjoyed at the sight of his Majesty of Sweden but chiefely their affections most abundantly did extend towards his Majesty of Bohemia which is impossible for any tongue to expresse But well I know my eyes did see their eyes shedding teares of joy being overjoyed with the sight of two Kings at once as they thought sent by the King of Kings for their reliefes and to make their welcome the more respected the whole City Burgers and Souldiers were in their brightest Armes and being conveyed unto the City they were sumptuously banqueted and in testimony of their love they gifted unto his Majesty of Sweden foure halfe Cartowes with all furniture belonging to them together with two silver Globes one Coelestiall the other Terrestiall there were also presented unto him drinking Credences many with some Antiquities that were rare and with all testifying their affection in way of complement they assure his Majesty that not only with words but with their whole estate they were ready to serve the common cause to die and live with his Majesty in the defence of the publique His Majesty thus taking leave of Nurenberg promises to continue their friend and shewes them he was to goe with his Army towards the Danow streame to see how to get a passe over the Danow for to visit the Duke of Bavier and he hoped he would make Tilly with his Army to retire thence But Tilly finding his Majesties Army growing still stronger and stronger he retired backe unto the upper Palatinat and from thence he crossed the Danow to joyne with the Duke of Bavaria to hinder our coming unto Bavaria being then of his owne forces neere eighteene thousand men foote and horse But many of them were new leavied folkes and the Duke of Bavaria had also a strong Armie together but for the most part they were such as could not indure the noise or whisling of the Cannon Bullets By this time Grave Henry William Fonselins being shot in the leg before Bamberg was departed at Swineford of a burning feaver contracted through the paine of the shot whose death his Majestie of Sweden did much lament The twenty-seventh Observation THE fifth of March 1632. his Majestie having left sure footing in the Paltz with a bridge over the Rhine and the Mayne where it enters into the Rhine where also was begunne as the Trophee of his victorie the foundation of a Citie and strength called Gustavus-Burg Then in the beginning of the Spring we sprung forth from the Rhine towards the Danow streame
to the Protestants in exacting their monies which they were made to repay againe Lege talionis Generall Tilly by this time had intrenched his Army aboue the Rhine by the side of the Leacke to hinder his Majesties passage unto Bavaria with a strong Army which lay on the other side of the River right against Tillies Army where his Majesty did set over a bridge made with boates and plankes having planted seventy two peeces of cannon great and small In the borders of the River which did play cominually into the middest of Tillies Army who were drawne up in Battaile on the other side to hinder his Majesties passage but our messengers were so swift and diligent that through importunity they obtained a grant of the passage where many were made to lie dead by our cannon for those that were not hurt by the Bullets they were lamed by branches and trees cut by the cannon being they stood in a thicke wood which shooting continued a whole day being on the fifth of Aprill 1632 a day ominous to Generall Tilly who was shot in the knee with a cannon bullet a cruell blow for an ould man of seventy two yeeres who being carried from thence to Engolstat died within three dayes being cruelly tormented with the smart of his wound Tilly being gone the Army discouraged for their great losse sustained The Duke remarking his Majesty would force the passage he thought best in time to retire taking his flight confusedly upon Engolstat and Nuburg after that Altringer then a Colonell was shot in the head and above a thousand did lie dead on the place they stood on His Majesty having crost over with the Army he incontinent commanded certaine Troopes to follow the fugitives getting orders to cut them off as they were found This victory happily attained unto by his Majesty incontinent the Towne of Rhine being the first frontier Garrison in Bavaria rendered up and his Majesty having beset Rhine with a Garrison he marched with the Army alongst the Leacke side on Ausburg where by the way a Commissary from Nuburg came to his Majesty making their excuse for receiving of Tillies forces and withall they declared that the enemy had quit their Towne againe and therefore they interposed with his Majesty for neutrality which being refused unto them a Garrison was sent to keepe them in awe to bring their landes in contribution and to repaire the bridge which was broken by the Dukes command His Majesty having continued his march towards Ausburg the eighth of Aprill we lay downe before it and immediatly we set over a bridge over the Leacke during which time the Commandant spared not his Amunition but continually Cannonaded amongst us but out batteries being once ready they received their interchange and his Majesty offered the Garrison free passage and to retire in safety with his folkes whether he pleased otherwise there should no quarter be granted unto them if they pressed to hould out longer whereupon the Governour resolved to accept of his Majesties offer and having made his Accord on the tenth of Aprill he marched out and was conveyed towards Engolstat Incontinent thereafter his Majesty did beset the Towne with a strong Garrison and the next day before his Majesty entred the Towne all Papists were ordained to assemble and meete at Leckhousen where they were set off the Towne Councell that were knowne to be Papists and Protestants were placed So that the fourteenth of Aprill his Majesty entred the Towne going first unto the Church called St. Annes Church and there in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Palsgrave Augustus and Duke William of Wymar Duke Hannes of Howlsten Markgrave Christopher Fontarlach and Bawden and other Potentats and Ambassadours did heare a Sermon and praised God for the victory obtained against their enemies The Text being taken out of the twelfth Psalme and fifth verse For the oppression of the needy and for the sighes of the poore I will now up saith the LORD and will set at liberty him whom the wicked had snared After Sermon his Majesty went to the market place where some Swedens Regiments were brought and where the Burgers were also injoyned to come to present their service unto his Majesty and a table being set openly and covered a present was sent to his Majesty from the new set Protestant Councell of Corne Fish and Wine and the next day being the fifteenth of Aprill his Majesty with the whole Army was ready to march unto Bavaria The twenty ninth Observation GENERALL Tillie being neere unto his end behooved to make a march unto Bambricke to shew the Swedens by his retreat the right passe unto Bavaria with his owne death Wherin we have a notable example of an old expert Generall who being seventy two yeeres of age was ready to die in defence of his Religion and Country and in defence of those whom he served being then Generall for the Catholique League which end of his should encourage all brave Cavaliers following the laudable profession of Armes to follow his example in life and death as valorous Souldiers where we see that though death be fatall unto all yet such a death as happened unto this old Generall is only proper unto the valiant who though often contemned death and eschewed death during the warfare yet at last he is overtaken by Gods Almighty hand and power though formerly in his life-time he had escaped by the same providence many dangers And sometimes we see in the very entrance of warres some suddenly taken away to teach us alwayes to trust more unto God then unto the arme of man which is but a vaine strength Likewise though this worthy Generall did fight often and obtained many notable victories till this time against Kings yet at last he is overcome by a King and a more skilfull Generall then he was and though before the battaile of Leipsigh he did give no higher title to his Majesty then to a Cavalier Neverthelesse his Majesty hearing of his death called him Honourable old Tilly whose Acts were so Heroicke in his life time that after his death they were his everlasting monuments making his memory eternall suffering his name never to rot with the time And my wish were I might prove as valiant in advancing Christs Kingdome though I should die in the quarrell as he was forward in hindering of it my death then should not be bitter unto my friends I leaving an immottall name behinde me Also here we see the great force of Artillery either in forcing of passes against our enemies or in maintaining of passes with a little advantage of ground for seventy two peeces of Ordinance with such continuance were of mighty force to make passage to an Army for this victory was obtained by the force of our Cannon alone which made the enemy runne away before we could come at them to fight and the discouragment given unto them by the losse of their Leaders caused their disorder and consequently safety to us
wrought in the Trenches the Colonells were Recognosceing about the walls before their severall Postes Where at the first Colonell Fowle was shot through the thigh with a Musket who immediatly was sent to Ausburg to be cured Before night a second partie of Horse were sent forth for Intelligence lest any mis-fortune might befall the first partie whereby we might not be surprized by the Enemy being strong together at Minchen Spence his Regiment and mine were appointed to attend on the Generall at his Quarter my Lievetenant Colonell commanded the Guards on the Battery and the Trenches on our Quarter And the Generall Major Ruthven his Briggad being on the other Quarter next the water there grew a contrestation of vertue betwixt the Officers of both Briggads who should first with their approaches come to the wall but those of Ruthvens Briggad were forced notwithstanding of their diligence to yeeld the precedency unto us being older blades than themselves for in effect we were their Schoolemasters in Discipline as they could not but acknowledge So being they were trained up by us from Souldiers to be inferiour Officers and then for their preferments and advancement they went from us with our favours towards the Generall Major such as Captaine Gunne Lievetenant Brumfield Lievetenant Dumbarre Lievetenant Macboy Lievetenant Southerland Ensigne Denune and divers more which were preferred under Ruthvens Regiment till in the end they did strive in vertue to goe beyond their former Leaders Neverthelesse we kept ever that due correspondence together that where ever we did meet we were but one not without the envie of others This strife amongst us furthered so the victory that before the next morning from our Battery where Sinclaire did command there was a breach shot in the Skonce without the Towne as also from the Generall Major his Quarter there were two Officers of the enemies killed on the wall their Cannon dismounted and a great breach made in the wall So that the enemy perceiving he had two breaches to defend he tuck 't a Drumme desiring to parlé Which being granted the Accord went on and they were suffered to march out with their Armes seeing the Generall had intelligence their Armie was comming to releeve them he was glad to grant them any Conditions before he were forced to rise from the Towne by the Enemy being so neare for reliefe of it The enemy being marched out and convoyed away the Generall directed Generall Major Ruthven into the Towne with a strong partie of foote to beset all the Posts and then to take notice of all provision and goods that were in the Towne such as Corne Wine Artillery Amunition Horses and all other goods or cadducks in generall to be used at their pleasure Which being done the foote Armie were directed to their former Quarters to rest till further Orders The Horsemen were directed also to Quarters and then there were Quarters made in the Towne for the Generall and the Hoofstaffe as also for the Colonells of horse and foote during the Generall his further pleasure Diverse of our foote Souldiers were hurt on the Batteries and Trenches which got Quarters in the Towne being allowed to have Chirurgians to cure them And the Towne was incontinent beset againe with foure Companies of Colonell Hugh Hamilton his Regiment being new levied men out of Switzerland and his Major being an Irish-man commanded the men But another Dutch Major called Mountague was left to Command the Garrison Where those that entred first the Towne did make good bootie of horses and other goods But the most part was seazed upon by the Generall Persons taking the benefit unto themselves though not the paine Where we did first finde missing of our former Leader the invincible Gustavus who not onely respected Cavaliers of merit at such times but also was ready to reward them by his bountie allowing Cadducks unto them as he did unto Lievetenant Colonell Gunne The next day a partie of a thousand Horse with eight hundred Musketiers were commanded out toward Minchen to get intelligence of the Enemies designes getting Orders to fall into their Quarters if conveniently they could But beside their expectation the Enemy being together and in readinesse in a Wood unawares our partie was ingaged amongst them so that with difficultie having lost prisoners they were forced to retire and the Enemy getting intelligence that the Towne was given over to prevent us they continued their march towards Rhine on the Leacke to take it in in compensation of the losse of Lansberg The partie being retired and the Generall understanding the Dukes Army had marched on Rhine he brake up with our Armie and marched on the other side of the Leacke towards Ausburg And fearing the Skonce at Rhine and the bridge might be taken by the Enemy he did direct Captaine Iames Lyell with two hundred Musketiers as a supply to the Skonce being ordained at his comming thither to take the Command of the Skonce on him Who being come finding Colonell Wornbran there shewing his Orders he was made welcome by the Colonell being hard pressed by the Enemy and mightily afraid so that the Captaine had no difficultie in getting the command which he gladly accepted being more ambitious of credit than of gaines directly opposit to the Colonels humour The Armie having come in time for the reliefe our Horsemen were left on the side of the River next to Donavert except my Cosen Fowles his Regiment which marched over the Bridge with the Infantry being ordained the first nights watch to second the foot And immediatly after our over-going there were five hundred Musketiers of supply sent unto the Towne in despite of the Dukes Armie And then we begun to make up our Batteries and to run our lines of approach towards the Towne advancing our Redoubts and Batteries as our approaches were advanced The second night our Batteries being readie there were mutuall interchanges of Cannonading amongst us where Ensigne Murray was shot dead with the Cannon his thigh bone being broken who was much lamented being a daintie Souldier and expert full of courage to his very end On Sunday in the afternoone the Enemy having heard certaintie of his Maiesties death they drew up their whole Armie Horse Foote and Cannon before the Towne and rejoycing at the Newes they gave three salves of Cannou Musket and Pistoll Which we not understanding made us admire the more Neverthelesse the Generall resolved to get some prisoners of them to cause to make an out-fall the next morning and to that effect five hundred Commanded Musketiers were sent under the Command of Lievetenant Colonell Lesly who had Orders to fall out before day upon the Enemy Which he did and beating them from their Posts there were above threescore killed and thirtie taken prisoners which revealed the reason of their salve As also by them it was found the Armie had been broken up at midnight and crossed the Danube having made over a Ship-bridge thinking with expedition to haste unto
of Pikes goes to bring out the Colours to be placed in Front of the Company before they march As also the Colours are to be conveyed againe in this manner at all lodging and dislodging The Company marching to Parad or watch with complete Officers the Captaine leads off six Rots of Musketiers his Drumme beating betwixt the second and the third Ranke then followes up after that division the oldest Sergeant leading up the first five Rots of Pikemen the Ensigne leading up the other Division of Pikes his Furer furing his Colours after him and the second Drummer beating betwixt the two Divisions then the Lievetenant leads up the last Division of Musketiers being six Rots also and coming in equall Front with the rest the Captaine making a signe for the Drumme beating they order their Armes the Captaine standing in Front on the Right hand the Ensigne on his left and the Lievetenant on the left hand of both with a Sergeant on each Flancke and the under-Beifells with halfe Pikes stand in the Reare of the Company Twelve Companies thus complete would make up three Squadrons every Squadron of Pikes and Muskets being drawne up severall apart after the former example of the lesse body Pikes and Colours on the right hand and the Musketiers on the left which three Squadrons thus drawne up and complete would make a complete Briggad of Foote to be divided as followes viz. eight Corporall-ships of Musketiers being thirty-two Rots divided in foure Plottons every Plotton being eight in front led off by a Captaine and every Division after him led up by a sufficient Officer till at a haulte all were drawne in even front after this Division should follow the thirty-six Rots of Pikes being twelve Corporall-ships with their Colours a Captaine leading off the first five Rots before the foure Colours should stirre where betwixt the second and third Ranke of the first Division of Pikes the Drummer should beate then the Ensignes should leade off the other Division their Furers with their Colours following them till they drew up in even Front with the first Division of Pikes which ought to be in one Front with the thirty-two Rots of Musketiers that make the right wing of the Briggad keeping their Armes orderly shouldered till they were commanded otherwise and their Sergeants ought to looke unto the Flanks till such time that the whole Squadron of Pikes being thirty-six Rots were drawne up in even Front with the Musketiers after this manner the other Squadron of Pikes being thirty-six Rots also which should make the Battaile of the Briggad ought to march by Divisions being led up in all respects and order after the manner of the former Squadron of Pikes till they were in even Front with the rest then the other thirty-two Rots of Musketiers belonging to that Squadron which are appointed to be the Battaile of the Briggad ought to be led up as the first Division of Musketiers were in all points which ought to draw up at a reasonable distance behinde their owne Squadron of Pikes appointed for the Battaile of the Briggad where their Sergeants on the Flancks ought to looke to their order and not to suffer them to stirre their Armes till they were commanded And after them should march up the last Squadron of Pikes in all respects observing the order of the former Squadrons in their marching till they were led up in equall Front with the other Pikes and then march up the last thirty-two Rots of Musketiers in foure Divisions observing the order of the former Divisions till they were in equall Front with the whole Pikes and then they making up the left wing of the Briggad the Colonell of the Briggad ordaines the battell of Pikes being the middle Squadron of Pikes to advance in one body before the rest till they are free of the Musketiers and Pikes which makes the wings of the Briggad and then the battaile of Pikes standing firme the thirty-two Rot of Musketiers which were drawne up behinde them march up till they fill up the voide betwixt the Squadrons of pikes standing right behinde their owne pikes that is the battaile of the Briggad and then the Colonell making a signe to the Drummers they beate all alike till the Briggad in one instant doth order their Armes all Officers of the Briggad standing on their stations according as they were directed then the superplus of the three Squadrons of musketiers being fourty-eight Rot are drawne up behinde the Briggad having also Officers to command them they attend orders which they are to obey being commanded out as pleaseth their Officers either to guard Cannon or Baggage or to be Convoyes to bring Amunition or victualls to the rest A direction to Traine single Souldiers apart HAving thus formed a Company and showne the manner to draw up a complete Briggad for the younger Officer his better understanding being a Novice to this Discipline I will set downe briefely the best way suddenly to bring a young Company to be exercised which in my opinion would be thus First since every Rot of the twenty-one whereof the Company doth consist hath allowed a Corporall or a Rot-master as the Leader of the other five which Leader is supposed to be more expert in handling of Pike or Musket then the other five who make up the Rot and the under Rot-master is supposed to be more expert in handling his Armes than the other foure so that he is appointed as a second to the Leader being sometimes a Leader himselfe then after the company is made up for the first weeke I would have every Corporall of the six and the fifteene Rot-masters being Leaders with the helpe of their under Rot-masters in a weekes time to make the other foure as expert in handling of Pike and Musket as themselves or to be punished with Irons in case of their neglect which the Sergeants should see done as they should answer to the Lievetenant the Lievetenant to the Captaine and the Captaine to the Major the Major to the Lievetenant Colonell and they all to the Colonell which they ought to practise in the fields apart till the Rot were acquainted every one with his Leader from the first to the last and while as the under Rot-master should turne Leader then all the followers before were then Leaders also and then the Rot being apart the middle man of the Rot should be taught to double to the Front till their deepe were three that was six before and in falling off againe the middle man should turne to the contrary side or hand he came up upon carrying their Armes handsomly free from others without making noise in their retiring to their former station and orders Likewise I would have the Corporall Rot-master or Leader being a Musketier having his Rot once expert in handling severally the Musket well then to discharge their Muskets in winning ground advancing to an enemy the Leader having discharged his musket standing still to blow his panne and prime againe
set to it and for getting this good of intelligence the chiefe Officers would be liberall to those whom they put in trust seeing without it little good service can be effected and the getting of it is the safety of many Cavaliers and their credits Therefore whether he be defender or pursuer intelligence gives him a kinde of assurance in all his actions and the losse or neglect of it hath robbed many a brave Commander of their fame and credit being surprized through over sight as Gustavus Horne was at Bambricke It was also the losse of Hano and Philipsburg Intelligence then being of such moment it should make Generalls and all Commanders under them according to their qualities and charge to be open handed otherwise it is impossible to subsist long not being surprised Of Recognoscing HAving intelligence of our enemies strength how he lies whether in Quarter Garrison Field or Leaguer then having an exployt to goe on we must recognosce on horse or foote according to the exployt we have before us As if we were to blocke up a Towne with a part of an Armie we must first being accompanied with a few Horsemen recognosce the bounds riding the Circuit short or long from it fore-seeing how to divide our number on the Passes Avenues from or towards the Towne to stop out-fallings or in commings in ordering such Workes and Skonces to be made on the passages as may put us in safetie as well against out-fallings as against their pretended Reliefes to come and our watches one from another must keepe due correspondence by their Centries that none can passe betwixt them without advertising one anothers guard Next being to beleaguer a Towne neere hand we ought to recognosce also neerer having first placed our Armie foote and horse Battell without reach of their Cannon though in their view having first directed our parties of horse to batter the streets without us then the Commander is to ride the circuit of the Towne within shot as neere as he can having another riding at a distance behinde him and having a Boore beside him resolving him of all Questions concerning their Ports their Graffes their Bulworkes where weakest and where the Graffe is shallowest which being knowne he disposeth the Armie on severall Posts where againe the Commanders are to recognosce neerer the walls where they can best lodge their greatest bodie in most safetie where to place their Guard before them and where their Centries as also where to place their Batteries and where to beginne their Approaches which being done they are thought the best fellowes that shew most diligence and least losse to come to the walles the same circumstances are to be observed by any Commander who leads a partie before a Strength or Castle to blocke it or beleaguer it having Cannon Pittards and fire-workes with sufficient men and furniture belonging to the Artillerie that can discharge their duties as they are directed by the Commander of the partie who must see to all things himselfe that it be well done as in speciall to the placing of his Batteries and in ordering all things to be brought to the Batteries that are needfull by the Souldiers commanded out to attend the workes beside the guard of the Cannon and of the workemen he must also be very vigilant in visiting the Approaches Batteries and Guards admonishing them to be carefull against out-falls on the Trenches Batteries or Guards giving orders to the Captaine of the Watches to receive the enemie falling out with a strong bodie of Pikes and Muskets closse together to beate them backe being received with Pikes charged bravely flancked and lined with shot which being done to advance their workes againe night and day till the enemy be forced to Accord In the night also a sufficient Sergeant being seconded by another stout fellow should creepe to the Graffe with two halfe-Pikes for to wade through to know the shallowest parts being helpt thereto by some knowne Boore who might give certaintie of the enemies strength within and of their defects they have of victualls Amunition fire or water As also to know their private sorting-Ports to watch their out-commings he ought also to learne what draw-bridges are within and what Portcullis and what store of victualls or Amunition is to be had within in case the Strength be pregnable that he may the better make his Accord Also he ought to learne what Artillery or Armes are within and what Caducks or what number of Horses pertaining to the enemie and what other riches they have and where kept or if otherwise the Towne be not taken by Accord or strength of hand we must strive to force it to yeeld by hunger or by lacke of fire or water or otherwise by throwing Artificiall fire amongst them with Cannon or with other fiery Engins fiering their houses or spoyling their Watches on their Posts or Guards as also we must deale by fraud to convey private Letters unto them for deboysing the Inhabitants to resist the Garrison in making either Port or Post good while as the pursuer intends to fall on on storme or breach Likewise the pursuer had neede to dispose well of his owne watches without that he be not surprized his hooffe-watch particular watches reserves or by-watches are to be still in readinesse to attend the enemies out-falling lest he may cut off his Guards or spoyle his Cannon by nayling of them or by burning their Carriages or Amunition being disgracefull in the highest manner as oft-times hath hapned to unprovident and sluggish Commanders who have unwisely despised their enemies An enemy being in the Field either with a strong partie or Armie a sufficient Commander must be carefull in recognoscing the Field about him for taking his advantage of the ground in advancing to an enemie as also in spying his advantage in case he be put to a Retreat that he may the better retire in order not being put to rout as our Armie was at Nerling which never hapned unto them before during the time I served the Sweden As also being in the Field he ought to observe where most conveniently he can plant his Ordnance as Generall Tillie did at Leipsigh and as the Emperialists did on the Hill at Nurenberg as also at Nerling For Ordnance being planted with advantage is oft-times the winning of the Field and the losse of Artillery is ever reputed and holden for a defeate although both foote and horse be preserved There is also advantage of ground very requisit to be taken by foote against foote as the advantage of hights passages woods hedges ditches as also the advantage of Sunne and Winde with you and against your enemie which his Majestie of worthy memory did strive to get at Leipsigh against the Emperialists Likewise it is a great advantage of ground when one of both the Armies is brought to that inconvenience that they cannot come to fight but the one Armie may be forced to come up but by Divisions while as
the other by advantage of the ground may receive them with full Battailes of horse and foote the one to second the other and this advantage Gustavus Horne did get of the Emperialists while as he retired before them unto Vertenberg-land in March 1633. the enemy not being able to pursue our Armie but with great disadvantage which freed us of them for that time he being stronger than we and afterward the Rhinegraves Forces come from Alsas being joyned with us we made the Emperialists againe retire over the Danube unto Schwaland at the passe of Munderken where we came within Cannon-shot yet they getting the passe retired in safetie as they did another time from us out of Schwabland unto Bierland having got the passe before us at Kempten and afterward over the Eler in Schwabland having I say got the passe before us they were safe and we frustrate So that the advantage of ground is of great importance in warres as I have often knowne by experience especially before the Hill at Nurenberg Likewise a wise Commander being defender must observe all Circumstances as he did in pursuing for his owne safetie he must also being defender beset well all passes and frontier Garrisons whereupon the enemie must passe to come unto him having timely recognosced the same that it may either be beset by him or otherwise being found more advantagious for the enemie it would then be timely demolished As also your enemies Armie or strong partie being drawne up in the field you are to recognosce both his strength and order by the sight of your eye before you intend to pursue him where you are to consider how he can advance to you or you to him without disorder but doe you never pursue except with advantage though you shall be deemed by others to be remisse but rather suffer him to be gone than to take the disadvantage of pursute since time will alter any thing and he that preserves an Armie will doubtlesse finde a convenient time to fight And it had beene good for the Evangelists in Dutchland that this point had beene more wisely lookt unto at Nerling than it was for they might have saved their Armie and Countrey both had they not presumed with disadvantage in their owne strength and courage where GOD the disposer of hearts made their pride suffer a great fall A short Observation to be observed in Garrison ENtering the place before all things you are to visit the Posts and being duely recognosced the round or circuit should be measured and then the Posts to be dealt proportionably according to the severall strengths that no man have just cause to complaine The posts then orderâ—y and well beset there should be orders given for by-watch or reserve where to stand in readinesse whether on the Market-place or some other convenient part having sufficient Officers ever to command them who must be kept to strictnesse of dutie lest they should be to seeke when honour were to be maintained while as on Alarum they were to repaire to poste street or wall to resist the enemie and to succourse the weaknesse of any accident might befall by pursute or fire or to resist enemies within or without being as well on continuall Guard against the Inhabitants in case of uproares or treacherie as against their outward enemies since no enemy is so dangerous as the inward enemy being least suspected Likewise the Governour or Commandant ought to observe and keepe a due proportion in all commandements given either for workes service watches or parties that no man might justly complaine that there is more dutie layd on him than on his neighbour but according to proportion of strength The keyes of the Ports and of all sorting doores and prisons are to be brought in and out by the Captaine of the maine Watch to the Governour and the Captaine of the Watch is to appoint Guards to stand at the draw-bridges Portcullis and sorting Ports and he is obliged to bring all intelligence himselfe unto the Governour and never to open a doore night or day without a sufficient Guard by him with the Limits past for feare he might be surprised and the whole Gartison in danger Also the Governour is to give Orders at night whether every man must resort with their Armes in case of Alarum and the Towne being divided both Burgers and Souldiers should know their Posts they are to repaire to from the Alarum place And to supply the defects of the fortifications the Towne should be divided into equall deales to worke their day about with all materialls needfull for repayring the defects that there be nothing to mend when they ought to fight and to that effect Officers should be appointed by the Governour to over-see the workes that things may be the better done and the Governour must often visit all himselfe taking reckoning what is done every day till all be put in good order The Governour ought to have a Register of all inquartering that he may the better be made acquainted by the Burgers of every mans behaviour for keeping good order He ought also to have account of all victualls in their store-houses both of Corne and all other furniture and of all Caducks within the Garrison and the out-setting of all safeguards belongs unto him as his due He ought to suffer no man to make commoditie without his knowledge but all to put in to him that he may the better maintaine his state and entertaine strangers seeing he ought to be a good fellow and a common receipt for commers and goers otherwise he will faile to be thought of and he must give orders to the Captaine of the watch that no man come or goe without his knowledge under paine of punishment and the Captaine of the watch should direct those that enter the Citie having seene their passes with a Convoy and an Officer by night or by day unto the Governour to be inquired of at his pleasure The Governour as he ought to give out the word so he ought to see all Parads at the ordinary time they goe to watch where comming off againe they ought to repaire to the Parad-place and draw up orderly before they lodge their Colours and the Governour is obliged to visit the Posts and to goe the round himselfe and to make the rest goe the rounds orderly after him Likewise it is his due to command out all parties being first drawne up on the Parad-place seeing them to be provided of Amunition and of all necessaries before their parting giving strict orders that at their returnes all bootie be brought orderly before him and nothing to be put out of the way or aside on the paine of punishing the Officer that commanded the partie and the goods being knowne they are to be confiscated to the Governour seeing all bootie ought to be distributed at his discretion and in dividing the Quarters the Governour ought to have allowed him some free houses to contribute to his Kitchen as also some houses
and no more sometimes without Townes we had quarters given to Briggads apart in Dorps Randez-vouz being appointed for us the next morning to draw upon for to joyne with the Army and while as we quartered in Dorps being drawne up without the Dorpe first we sighted the passes and the guards placed in the fields on the Avenues lest the enemy unawares might enter the quarters the Centries duely set our Colours were conveyed with a Troope to their lodging or quarter their furriers shuts leading them aright till the Colours were quartered and guarded then the rest showne unto their quarter men were appointed to goe meete the Baggage to leade them to their quarters Orders given every man entertained another as they had best reason and all being setled parties of horse were sent forth to scoure the fields for intelligence and lest they might be trapped by the enemy a second party was sent out after them both getting orders how farre to ride and upon what streets being commanded where to hault and forrage as also being admonished to have still a party on horsbacke to advertise the rest from being surprized which done Ordnance-Rutters of every Briggad were left to waite on the Generall at his Quarter for Orders the generall Randez-vouz for the Horse being appointed where to meete when ever they got Orders The fourth manner of quartering an Armie is in a fast Leaguer as at Statin Swede Brandenburg Verben Donavert Ausburg Engolstat Nurenberg which manner of quartering is most troublesome both for Officers and Souldiers who having builded Receptacles for themselves their charges and travels bestowed in vaine many times they leave their houses to their enemies yet the forme is commendable being under an Armie that is well payd where all things may be had for money and then the Leaguer being kept cleane and in good order it represents a Common-weale or a Citie defensible against all incumbrances which may occurre except it please the Lord to wagge his hand and then no counsell or strength can availe against Him who is the God of Hostes The use Cavaliers or Commanders have to make of this sort of quartering is that in case they happen to have Command themselves they may learne through this practise to command others as also through fore-sight they may timely take themselves to this kinde of defensive warre till they be able to come into the Fields as his Majesty of worthy memory did being forced to retire by the power of his enemies to the former Leaguers wherein there was discipline and good practice to be observed by Cavaliers where the Kings Majestie was made to dwell as the meanest Souldier being alike subject to the inconvenience as others which might happen of ayre sicknesse infection or of watching Thus farre then for the quartering of an Armie Of Artillerie an Observation ARtillery being the third part of an Armie without which no Armie can be gloriously led it is requisit then somewhat briefly to speake of the advantages we have by Artillerie being well foreseene and commanded as it was by the Captaine of Kings and King of Captaines Gustavus the Invincible who with as little Charge did as much as any King or Captaine could in doing of so great exploits as he did with his Artillery But lest I should be thought to neglect a part of my dutie in this point concerning Cannon I will set downe here when his Majestie made most use of Cannon to my knowledge which being rightly considered will be thought strange seeing in the whole course of his Majesties warres during his time I never saw or did learne he shot a breach in any place except at Garts though otherwise I knew well his Majestie made good use of his Artillerie as at Leipsigh the Leacke and at Leitzen where in all three he shewed himselfe Master of that Art But against either Towne or Fort I did never see in his Majesties time one breach shot or entred his fortune being such and his diligence so great that his enemies did ever Parlé before they would abide the furie of his Cannon as at Brandenburg Damaine Fransfurt Mentz Donavert Ausburg and divers more and in my opinion the terrour the Cannon breeds is as much to be feared as the execution that followes though it be great and Artillery in all Armies and things belonging thereto are of infinit moment on all occasions So that they may be called Sine quo nihil but supreame Officers of the Field are no more troubled with them but so farre as they direct others to doe the service their owne Officers being appointed to attend them as the Generall to the Artillerie his Colonells Lievetenant-Colonells Majors Captaines Lievetenants Constables and all other inferiour Officers needfull to attend who know and keepe their owne Turnes and Reliefes as other Officers doe theirs their furniture is great and their charges also in buying Horses to draw their Cannon and Amunition Waggons with Powder Ball Match Materials Fire-Engins Petards storming Ladders Artificiall Bridges carried on Waggons to passe over Rivers or Graffes In all quartering they are quartered next after the Hoffestaffe before any Briggad and the furniture and charges needfull to maintaine this third part of the Armie is extraordinary great there being alwayes something to be repaired while as the Armie doth rest and oft-times they must be provided of a great deale of new furniture and they lose yearely an extraordinary number of Horses of great price But his Majestie during his time was very fortunate in this as in other things for I never knew his Majestie lose any Ordnance but I have seene him get supply of Amunition and Cannon from his enemies as first at Garts and Grefenhaugne Damaine Francford Lansburg Glogo Leipsigh Vertsburg Mentz and Munchen besides the supply his Majestie did get for his Artillerie from Nurenberg Francfurt Ausburg Strasburg and Vlme and to discourse largely of this subject alone would take a volume of paper But when every Cavalier is commanded apart with a partie where he must make use of Cannon he would be before his departure with his partie very carefull to receive his Cannon with the furniture belonging unto it timely together with sufficient Officers for discharging that part of the dutie on his march he must command his partie as if it were a little Armie being ever well provided of Guides and of carefull wittie and painefull Intelligencers that he may leade and quarter his partie with assurance directing alwayes his Intelligencer before him being ever carefull to beset the passes and avenues well As also sufficiently to guard his Cannon Baggage and Amunition since many times great hurt doth come thorow the neglect of guarding the Cannon and Amunition which over-sights once committed are irrecoverable in regard whereof I must entreate the gentle Reader to pardon me a little here out of Historie for the younger Souldier his better instruction to discourse a little of the hurt and inconvenience hath happened many times by Cannon
his Majestie before his march finding the enemy lay strong in the Silesian and at Lansberg lest he might fall downe unto Pomeren and Marke to disturbe the new forces that were expected to come from Spruce and from Scotland his Majestie directed Feltmarshall Horne with a part of his Horse that crost the bridge at Swede unto Pomeren and the Wart to collect the forces there for to be fured and led towards the Wart and Lansberg to give the enemy somewhat to thinke on while as his Majestie might march with the rest of the Armie consisting then of ten thousand foote and horse towards Francford whereunder the command of the Feltmarshall Tuffenback and the Grave Fon-Sehonberg Governour of Francford on the Oder there were drawne together of the Emperialists neere nine thousand foote and horse Generall Tilly with this maine Armie then lying at Rapin after his returne from Brandenburg with two and twentie thousand foote and horse his Majestie then not being sure neither of his brother in law the Duke of Brandenburg nor yet of the Duke of Saxon though the League was ended with the King of France his Majesties affaires thus standing doubtfull we marched towards Francford with a resolution to prie into the enemies designes more than any wayes resolved for a beleaguering having such strong enemies and Armies about us without assurance of our pretended friends and confederates yet having continued our march till within a mile of Francford our enemies retiring out of all quarters were come into one body at Francford who having joyned we did heare the enemy was almost as strong within as we were without and he having of us the advantage of the Towne behinde him for his retreate we expected no other thing than that the enemy should come out and offer us Battell Wherefore his Majestie himselfe discharging the dutie of a Generall Major as became him well having sought the ayd and assistance of Sir Iohn Hepburne beginneth to put the Armie horse foote and Artillery in order of Battell the commanded Musketiers as his forlorne hope advanced before the Army having placed plottons of them by fifties to march with his squadrons of horse all being in even front the signe given for advancing Trumpets sounding Drummes beating Colours displayed advanced and flying every Commander directed and appointed on his Command and Station the magnifick and Royall King leads on this Royall Army marching in battell order for halfe a mile as comely as one body could doe with one pace and one measure advancing stopping moving and standing alike till at last coming neere the Towne and finding no Hostile Ranconter made by the enemy we hault standing a while in Battell and then resolved being the enemy durst not meet us in the fields we would presse on the sudden to be Masters of Francford or not at all knowing of the neerenesse of our enemies and of the great strength they had together and seeing we were not sure of the Princes we resolved the taking of time was the best for us and incontinent his Majestie commanded out the most part of his Cavalerie to make a Carracolle behinde us betwixt us and Berleine fearing Generall Tillie with his Armie might come behinde us whiles we were ingaged with the Towne keeping onely of all the Cavalerie the Rhinegrave and his Regiment besides the Infanterie in case of out-falling to second us against the horsemen that were within the Towne The Cavalerie thus directed his Majestie then perceiving the feare of his enemies having voluntarily fiered their fore-Towne tooke their feare as a presage of his future victory commanded a part of the commanded Musketiers to goe in through the fore-Towne being on fire and to lodge themselves being advanced to the very port till such time as his Majestie should dispose of the rest of the Armie in directing every Briggade apart to their severall poasts The yellow and the blew Briggade were directed to lodge in the Vineyards on the side of the Towne next Castrene being commanded to advance their guards before them while as the rest of the Briggade should lodge and lie in one body at their Armes to be still in readinesse in case of an out-fall the white Briggade called Damits Briggade was appointed to lodge in the fore-Towne to guard the commanded Musketiers that lay betwixt them and the danger at the Port right under the walles Hepburne his Briggade was commanded to lie neare unto the other Port and to advance their guards also the rest of the commanded men to lie neare vnto the other Port and to advance their Guards also the rest of the commanded Musketiers being commanded by Major Iohn Sinclaire were commanded to lye on a hight neere a Church-yard that was direct before the enemies workes besides which there was a Battery made and the Artillery and Amunition of the Armie as commonly was usuall was placed behinde our Briggade and the Rhinegraves horsemen behinde us all things thus ordered and placed commanded folkes out of all Briggads were commanded out proportionally for making of Cannon Baskets and for casting of Trenches Then according to custome his Majestie himselfe and Colonell Tyvell went to Recognosce neare the wall where Colonell Tyvell was shot in the left arme his Majestie then making openly great moane for him alleaging he had no helpe then but of Hepburne in the same instant my Lievetenant David Monro was shot in the legge with a Musket Bullet and my Major Iohn Sinclaire commanding the commanded Musketiers neere to his Majestie where the Battery was making the enemy hanging out a Goose in derision they presently fell out above two hundred of them upon our Guard who received them with volees of Musket and they being too strong for the guard his Majestie commanded the Major to send an Officer and fiftie Musketiers more to second the Guard Neverthelesse the enemy still pushing our guard backwards making them give ground incontinent his Majestie commanded the Major with a hundred Musketiers more to fall on and to resist the enemy in relieving the Guard which the Major suddenly obeyed making the enemy retire with greater haste than he advanced where their Lievetenant Colonell and a Captaine were taken prisoners and after the Major taking in a Church-yard that lay right before the enemyes workes and keeping his Guarde there he did keepe the enemy under awe so that we were no more troubled with their out-falling though diverse of our Officers and souldiers were hurt by them from their workes the Church-yard being no shelter for our Guard that lay just under their workes On Sunday in the morning being Palme-sunday his Maiestie with his whole Armie in their best apparell served God his Maiestie after Sermon encouraging our souldiers wished them to take their evill dayes they had then in patience and that he hoped before long to give them better dayes in making them drinke wine insteade of water they were then drinking and immediately his Maiestie gave orders unto Generall Bannier to command
all the Briggads to be in readinesse with their Armes against the next orders this command given some of the commanded men that were under Sinclaire suspecting a storme provided themselves of some ladders By five of the clocke in the afternoone his Majestie comming towards our Briggade called for a Dutch Captaine under Hepburnes Regiment named Guntter and desired him to put on a light corseles with his sword drawne in his hand and to take a Sergeant and twelve other good fellowes with him and to wade through the graffe and then to ascend to the top of the wall and to see if men could be commodiously lodged betwixt the mud-wall of the towne and the stone-wall and then to retire so suddenly as they might which being done his Majestie getting resolution that there was roome betwixt the two walles to lodge men the Briggads being alreadie in battaile they fall on at a call the Captaine being retired without hurt whervpon his Majestie directed Bannier and Hepburne with our Briggad to passe the graffe and to storme And if they repulsed the enemy from the outward wall to lodge under the stone wall betwixt both the walles and if the enemy fortuned to retire to presse in with him the like orders given to the rest of the Briggads all being in readinesse his Majestie having a number of Cannon great and small charged on the batteries caused to give notice at all postes that when the Cannon had discharged the first Salve in the midst of the smoake they should advance to the storme as they did where in passing the graffe we were over the middle in water and mud and ascending to storme the walles there were strong pallessades so well fastened and fixt in the wall that if the enemy had not retired from the walles in great feare we could not but with great hazard have entred The enemy feebely retiring our Commanders and Leaders following their orders received from his Majestie we presse to follow in after the enemy at a great sallying port that was betwixt both the walles that opened with two great leaves where they entred after their Retreate they planted a flake of small shot that shot a dozen of shot at once besides which there were set two peeces of small Ordinance that guarded also the entrie and musketiers besides which made cruell and pittifull execution on our musketiers and pikemen the valorous Hepburne leading on the battaile of pikes of his owne Briggad being advanced within halfe a pikes length to the doore at the entry he was shot above the knee that he was lame of before which dazling his senses with great paine forced him to retire who said to me bully Monro I am shot whereat I was wondrous sorry his Major then a resolute Cavalier advancing to enter was shot dead before the doore whereupon the Pikes falling backe and standing still Generall Banier being by and exhorting all Cavaliers to enter Colonell Lumsdell and I being both alike on the head of our owne Colours he having a Partizan in his hand and I a halfe Pike with a head-piece that covered my head commanding our Pikes to advance we lead on shoulder to shoulder Colonell Lumsdell and I fortunately without hurt enter the Port where at our entry some I know received their rest and the enemy forced to retire in confusion being astonished at our entry they had neither wit nor courage as to let downe the Portcullis of the great Port behinde them so that we entering the streets at their heeles we made a stand till the body of our Pikes were drawne up orderly and flancked with Musketiers and then wee advanced our Pikes charged and our Musketiers giving fire on the flancks till the enemy was put in disorder After us entred Generall Banier with a fresh body of Musketiers he following the enemy in one street and Lumsdell and I in another having rancountred the enemy againe they being well beaten our Officers tooke nine Colours of theirs which were to be presented to his Majestic and the most part of the Souldiers were cut off in revenge of their crueltie used at New Brandenburg but some of their Officers got quarters such as they had given to ours This Regiment defeated wee directed an Officer with a strong partie to possesse the bridge and that to hinder their escape their passage being cut off they were also cut downe themselves till the streets were full of dead bodies and that the most part of our Souldiers and Officers disbanded to make bootie leaving me and a few number of honest Souldiers to guard my Colours which disorder I confesse stood not in my power to remedie Thus farre for Lumsdells part and mine which I dare maintaine to be truth And as I have spoken truth of our owne Actions without ostentation which no man can controlle that is friend to vertue I will now relate other mens Actions so farre as I know to be truth by relation of my honest Camerades Lievetenant Colonell Musten being appointed to command the Musketiers of Lumsdells Regiment and of my Colonells then under my command he seeing us entred did follow after us and commanded those he led on execution apart giving no better Quarters than we did The Dutch also remembring the enemies crueltie used at Brandenburg they gave but slight Quarters Major Iohn Sinclaire as I was credibly informed being accompanied with Lievenant George Heatly being both resolute and stout were the first that came over the walles with ladders who at their first entry having but a few Musketiers with them they were charged on the streets by the enemies Curassiers or best horsemen where they were forced to stand close their backs to the wall where they entred and to give severall Salves of Muskets upon the enemy till they were made to retire Likewise after we were entred the yellow and the blew Briggads being esteemed of all the Army both resolute and couragious in all their exploits they were to enter on the Irish quarter where they were twice with great losse furiously beaten off and were cruelly spoyled with fire-workes throwne by the Irish amongst them But at last they having entred notwithstanding the inequality of their strength the Irish though weake stood to it and fought with sword and pikes within workes a long time till the most part of the Souldiers fell to ground where they stoode fighting so that in the end Lievetenant Colonell Walter Butler who commanded the Irish being shot in the arme and pierced with a pike through the thigh was taken prisoner so that the next day it was to be seene on the poast where the best service was done and truely had all the rest stood so well to it as the Irish did we had returned with great losse and without victory The fury past the whole streete being full of Coaches and rusty waggons richly furnished withall sorts of riches as Plate Iewells Gold Money Clothes Mulets and horses for saddle coach and waggons whereof all men that