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to_o the_o light_n arm_v and_o horse_n wherein_o notwithstanding_o the_o counsel_n of_o b._n iphicrates_n be_v hold_v good_a take_v heed_n say_v he_o to_o his_o lightarmed_n of_o ambush_n and_o spare_v not_o to_o press_v hard_o upon_o the_o rear_n of_o those_o that_o fly_v till_o you_o come_v to_o river_n or_o straits_n or_o ditch_n for_o it_o be_v dangerous_a in_o such_o place_n to_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n flight_n lest_o fear_v turn_v into_o desperation_n the_o fashion_n of_o horse-battaile_n and_o first_o of_o the_o rhombe_n the_o wedge_n and_o the_o square_n chap._n xviii_o those_o that_o have_v write_v before_o i_o have_v diverse_o frame_v horse-battaile_n some_o of_o just_a square_n some_o long_o in_o flank_n then_o in_o front_n some_o like_o a_o rhombe_n some_o like_o a_o wedge_n but_o none_o of_o they_o have_v if_o i_o may_v speak_v free_o express_v full_o their_o own_o conceit_n therefore_o to_o make_v all_o thing_n clear_a and_o better_a to_o be_v understand_v i_o will_v 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the_o whole_a body_n of_o lightarmed_n be_v call_v a_o epitagma_n which_o name_n be_v give_v likewise_o to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o horse_n comprise_v 4096_o horse_n it_o may_v be_v they_o be_v both_o so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v place_v behind_o the_o arm_a as_o i_o note_v before_o for_o that_o place_n aelian_n assign_v unto_o they_o the_o diligence_n to_o be_v use_v in_o choice_n and_o exercise_v of_o the_o best_a form_n of_o battle_n chap._n xxi_o the_o invention_n and_o conceit_n of_o those_o that_o live_v in_o old_a time_n about_o troop_n of_o horse_n be_v declare_v in_o what_o form_n every_o one_o be_v cast_v and_o for_o what_o cause_n some_o use_v one_o form_n some_o another_o now_o it_o behove_v as_o in_o thing_n that_o carry_v with_o they_o great_a difference_n not_o careless_o and_o negligent_o to_o rely_v upon_o the_o bare_a precept_n but_o rather_o by_o daily_a exercise_n to_o make_v try_v all_o of_o every_o kind_n of_o figure_n and_o so_o attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o that_o which_o be_v ready_a and_o of_o most_o advantage_n to_o admit_v and_o receive_v it_o in_o true_a fight_n for_o it_o be_v great_a simplicity_n consider_v in_o matter_n of_o less_o importance_n man_n by_o curious_a inquiry_n reach_v to_o the_o exact_a find_v out_o of_o many_o thing_n herein_o not_o to_o ground_n upon_o perfect_a and_o sure_a experience_n before_o we_o come_v to_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n troop_n may_v be_v enlarge_v or_o lessen_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v convenient_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o command_n of_o chariot_n the_o name_n and_o degree_n of_o the_o commander_n chap._n xxii_o as_o for_o order_v chariot_n and_o elephant_n albeit_o they_o be_v wear_v out_o of_o use_n yet_o to_o make_v up_o the_o measure_n of_o this_o discourse_n i_o will_v remember_v their_o name_n as_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o ancient_a writer_n in_o the_o art_n of_o order_v chariot_n for_o the_o field_n they_o call_v two_o chariot_n a_o 1_o zygarchy_n two_o zygarchy_n a_o 2_o zyzygi_n two_o zyzygy_n a_o 3_o epyzyzygi_n two_o epizyzygy_n a_o 4_o hartamarchy_n two_o hartamarchy_n a_o 5_o wing_n two_o wing_n a_o 6_o phalange_n a_o man_n may_v use_v many_o and_o sundry_a phalanges_fw-la of_o chariot_n and_o yet_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n in_o every_o phalange_n some_o have_v frame_v simple_a chariot_n to_o serve_v withal_o other_o some_o have_v arm_v they_o with_o scythe_n prominent_a and_o stand_v out_o on_o each_o side_n note_n there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o chariot_n use_v of_o ancient_a time_n the_o one_o a_o simple_a chariot_n the_o other_o a_o chariot_n arm_v with_o scythe_n the_o first_o kind_n be_v use_v by_o the_o hero_n as_o they_o term_v they_o that_o be_v the_o renown_a soldier_n of_o old_a such_o as_o be_v achilles_n hector_n cycnus_n aeneas_n turnus_n as_o appear_v by_o homer_n virgil_n ovid_n and_o other_o poet_n the_o last_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o general_n of_o late_a time_n especial_o by_o those_o that_o reign_v in_o asia_n and_o in_o africa_n for_o the_o b._n european_n have_v count_v they_o fruitless_a and_o vain_a mockery_n and_o among_o they_o you_o shall_v hardly_o find_v any_o mention_n of_o chariot_n aelian_n touch_v they_o only_o because_o both_o they_o and_o elephant_n be_v in_o his_o time_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n wherefore_o i_o mean_v likewise_o to_o pass_v they_o over_o slight_o only_o direct_v the_o reader_n that_o be_v desirous_a to_o understand_v their_o manner_n of_o fight_n to_o place_n of_o history_n where_o they_o be_v mention_v and_o first_o see_v for_o their_o form_n xenoph._n cyrop_n lib._n 6._o 152._o d._n e._n &_o 156._o b._n c._n de_fw-fr exp_v cyr._n lib._n 1._o 264_o a._n b._n liu._n decad_a 4._o lib._n 7._o 142._o a._n diodor._n sicul._n lib._n 17._o 596._o quin._n curt._n lib._n 4._o 119_o &_o lib._n 8._o 371._o their_o violence_n diod._n sicul._n lib._n 17._o 593._o their_o place_n in_o the_o battle_n xenoph._n cyrop_n lib._n 6._o 168._o c._n d._n liu._n decad_a 4._o lib._n 7._o 142._o a._n diod._n sicul._n lib._n 14._o 408._o remedy_n against_o they_o diodor._n sicul._n lib._n 17._o 592._o 593._o xenoph._n de_fw-fr exp_v cyr._n lib._n 1._o 265._o liu._n decad_a 4._o 142._o quint._n curt._n lib._n 4._o 141._o plutarch_n in_o sylla_n i_o come_v to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o command_v of_o chariot_n 1_o a_o zygarchie_n the_o command_n of_o two_o chariot_n as_o it_o be_v a_o yoke_n of_o chariot_n 2_o a_o syzygy_n the_o command_n over_o two_o yoke_n as_o it_o be_v of_o chariot_n join_v together_o that_o be_v over_o 4_o chariot_n 3_o a_o episyzygy_n the_o command_n over_o four_o yoke_n of_o chariot_n that_o be_v over_o eight_o chariot_n 4_o a_o harmatarchie_n proper_o the_o command_n of_o chariot_n but_o use_v by_o aelian_n for_o the_o command_n of_o 16_o chariot_n 5_o a_o wing_n as_o foot_n so_o chariot_n and_o elephant_n have_v their_o wing_n of_o battle_n to_o the_o wing_n go_v 32_o chariot_n yet_o find_v i_o this_o order_n of_o imbattail_v chariot_n no_o where_o but_o in_o aelian_n he_o that_o will_v let_v he_o read_v the_o place_n that_o i_o have_v note_v before_o for_o the_o order_n of_o chariot_n notwithstanding_o i_o can_v not_o doubt_v that_o the_o name_n give_v here_o by_o aelian_n be_v take_v out_o of_o ancient_a writer_n 6_o a_o phalange_n it_o consist_v of_o 64_o chariot_n and_o we_o here_o see_v that_o chariot_n also_o have_v their_o phalanges_fw-la as_o well_o as_o foot_n and_o horse_n of_o elephant_n the_o name_n and_o degree_n of_o their_o commander_n chap._n xxiii_o touch_v elephant_n he_o that_o be_v commander_n of_o one_o elephant_n be_v call_v 1_o zoarcha_n of_o two_o 2_o therarcha_n and_o the_o body_n a_o therarchy_n of_o four_o 3_o epitherarcha_n and_o the_o
themselves_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o target_n where_o diodore_n have_v en_fw-fr ortho_fw-mi to_o dorati_fw-la menein_fw-la to_o continue_v their_o pike_n upright_o polienus_n have_v protinomenous_a ta_fw-la dorata_fw-la ortha_fw-mi hold_v before_o they_o their_o pike_n upright_o but_o both_o have_v pike_n upright_o and_o diodorus_n his_o continue_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o posture_n they_o be_v in_o which_o chabrias_n will_v not_o have_v they_o to_o alter_v polienus_n his_o hold_n before_o to_o that_o they_o be_v command_v to_o do_v in_o order_v of_o pike_n at_o this_o day_n i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o soldier_n hold_v they_o upright_o the_o but_o end_n set_v on_o the_o ground_n before_o and_o somewhat_o wide_a of_o their_o right_a foot_n 105._o aemilius_z probus_n recite_v this_o history_n pervert_v the_o stratagem_n he_o say_v that_o chabrias_n forbid_v the_o phalange_n to_o give_v back_o and_o teach_v his_o soldier_n to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n charge_v kneel_v with_o one_o knee_n the_o other_o set_v against_o the_o target_n and_o with_o the_o pike_n abase_v wherein_o he_o quite_o dissent_v from_o diodore_n and_o polien_n diodore_n say_v the_o command_n be_v to_o keep_v their_o array_n polienus_n not_o to_o run_v forward_o but_o quiet_o to_o stand_v still_o probus_n not_o to_o give_v back_o probus_n say_v they_o shall_v kneel_v with_o one_o knee_n and_o rest_n against_o the_o target_n with_o the_o other_o diodore_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v their_o target_n sink_v to_o their_o knee_n polienus_n that_o they_o shall_v carry_v their_o target_n before_o at_o their_o knee_n probus_n that_o they_o shall_v abase_v and_o charge_v their_o pike_n diodore_n that_o they_o shall_v continue_v and_o order_v they_o upright_o polien_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v their_o pike_n upright_o so_o that_o diodore_n and_o polien_n agree_v and_o expound_v one_o another_o aemilius_n probus_n bring_v in_o a_o new_a history_n dissent_v as_o i_o say_v from_o the_o other_o two_o especial_o in_o make_v that_o to_o be_v a_o form_n of_o fight_n prescribe_v by_o chabrias_n a_o simple_a form_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n upon_o their_o knee_n which_o be_v a_o contempt_n to_o show_v how_o little_a especial_o in_o that_o strength_n of_o ground_n he_o regard_v agesilaus_n which_o contempt_n also_o make_v agesilaus_n retire_v not_o doubt_v but_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o great_a assurance_n of_o the_o enemy_n therefore_o as_o i_o say_v i_o take_v these_o word_n ep_o '_o orthon_n apodounai_fw-mi not_o only_o to_o appertain_v to_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o soldier_n but_o also_o and_o that_o much_o rather_o to_o the_o erection_n and_o order_v of_o pike_n of_o countermarche_n and_o the_o diverse_a kind_n thereof_o with_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v chap._n xxviii_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o countermarche_n one_o by_o file_n the_o other_o by_o rank_n each_o of_o these_o again_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n the_o first_o call_v the_o macedonian_a the_o second_o the_o lacedaemonian_a the_o three_o the_o choraean_a which_o be_v also_o the_o persian_a and_o the_o cretan_a 1_o the_o macedonian_a be_v that_o which_o leave_v the_o ground_n it_o first_o have_v take_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o turn_v the_o aspect_n of_o the_o soldier_n backward_o where_o before_o it_o be_v forward_o 2_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v that_o which_o leave_v likewise_o the_o ground_n it_o first_o have_v take_v in_o steed_n thereof_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o turn_v also_o the_o face_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o contrary_a way_n 3_o the_o persian_a be_v the_o cretan_a and_o choraean_a this_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n of_o the_o phalange_n every_o soldier_n take_v another_o place_n for_o that_o he_o have_v the_o file-leader_n the_o place_n of_o bringer-up_a and_o so_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n and_o turn_v also_o the_o face_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o contrary_a way_n 4_o countermarche_n by_o rank_n be_v make_v when_o a_o man_n will_v transfer_v the_o wing_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o section_n and_o the_o section_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o end_n to_o strengthen_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n likewise_o the_o right_a hand_n part_n into_o the_o left_a hand_n part_n and_o the_o left_a hand_n part_n into_o the_o right_a hand_n part_n they_o that_o fear_v to_o countermarch_n the_o phalange_n in_o gross_a the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n do_v it_o by_o syntagmae_n i_o will_v now_o set_v down_o in_o what_o manner_n countermarch_v aught_o to_o be_v make_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o file_n be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v about_o his_o face_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n with_o the_o bringer-up_a go_v against_o he_o on_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n place_n themselves_o in_o order_n one_o after_o a_o other_o according_a as_o the_o file-leader_n himself_o have_v turn_v his_o face_n therefore_o it_o make_v show_v to_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o run_v away_o or_o it_o be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v about_o his_o face_n and_o the_o rest_n pass_v by_o he_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n place_v themselves_o orderly_a one_o behind_o another_o but_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v when_o the_o bringer-up_a turn_v his_o face_n about_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n turn_v also_o their_o face_n and_o proceed_v forward_o together_o with_o their_o file-leader_n order_v themselves_o proportionable_o in_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n wherefore_o to_o the_o enemy_n appear_v behind_o it_o make_v a_o semblance_n of_o fall_v on_o again_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v his_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n transfer_v the_o whole_a file_n to_o another_o place_n equal_a to_o the_o first_o and_o the_o rest_n follow_v stand_n as_o before_o behind_o he_o or_o else_o when_o the_o bringer-up_a turn_v his_o face_n about_o and_o he_o that_o stand_v next_o before_o he_o pass_v by_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n be_v place_v again_o next_o before_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n follow_v be_v place_v one_o before_o another_o in_o their_o former_a order_n till_o the_o file-leader_n be_v the_o first_o the_o choraean_a be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v about_o towards_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n precede_v the_o file_n and_o the_o rest_n follow_v till_o the_o file-leader_n have_v the_o place_n of_o the_o bringer-up_a and_o the_o bringer-up_a the_o place_n of_o the_o file-leader_n and_o these_o be_v the_o countermarche_n by_o file_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v countermarch_v make_v by_o rank_n in_o case_n a_o man_n will_v countermarch_n by_o rank_n for_o every_o rank_n countermarch_v either_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n or_o change_v the_o right_a hand_n place_n or_o else_o the_o left_a hand_n place_n of_o the_o battle_n one_o of_o which_o must_v needs_o fall_v out_o and_o never_o fail_v note_n the_o two_o former_a motion_n be_v perform_v one_o in_o close_a order_n the_o other_o in_o all_o order_n epistrophe_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v shut_v so_o close_o that_o as_o aelian_n say_v a_o man_n can_v turn_v his_o face_n neither_o the_o one_o way_n nor_o the_o other_o clisis_fw-la in_o open_a order_n order_n and_o close_a order_n the_o two_o â—_o follow_v motion_n countermarch_v and_o double_v one_o be_v do_v in_o open_a 84._o order_n the_o other_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o open_a order_n too_o and_o yet_o sometime_o in_o order_n and_o close_a order_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o due_a place_n this_o chapter_n handle_v countermarche_n the_o next_o doubling_n countermarch_v be_v a_o motion_n whereby_o every_o soldier_n march_v after_o other_o change_v his_o front_n for_o the_o rear_n or_o one_o flank_v for_o the_o other_o for_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o countermarche_n one_o by_o file_n and_o the_o other_o by_o rank_n and_o each_o of_o these_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o three_o the_o first_o call_v the_o macedonian_a the_o second_o the_o lacedaemonian_a the_o three_o the_o choraean_a or_o cretan_a a_o countermarch_v by_o file_n be_v when_o every_o soldier_n follow_v his_o leader_n of_o the_o same_o file_n by_o rank_n when_o every_o soldier_n follow_v his_o sideman_n of_o the_o same_o rank_n in_o the_o countermarch_v 1_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v in_o this_o countermarch_v the_o purpose_n of_o the_o commander_n be_v to_o turn_v the_o front_n of_o his_o battle_n against_o the_o enemy_n that_o show_v himself_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o withal_o to_o take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n it_o be_v call_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v say_v aelian_n because_o
happen_v a_o like_a to_o both_o they_o find_v a_o safe_a retreat_n within_o the_o battle_n of_o foot_n but_o when_o the_o army_n be_v come_v within_o 500_o pace_n one_o of_o a_o other_o scipio_n give_v a_o signal_n of_o retreat_n and_o open_v his_o battle_n receive_v all_o the_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o two_o part_n placed_z they_o as_o seconds_z behind_o the_o wing_n now_o when_o time_n be_v come_v to_o begin_v the_o fight_n he_o command_v the_o spaniard_n who_o have_v the_o middle_a ward_n to_o march_v on_o leisurely_o and_o send_v a_o messenger_n from_o the_o right_a wing_n for_o he_o command_v there_o to_o syllanus_n and_o martius_n will_v they_o to_o stretch_v out_o the_o left_a wing_n as_o they_o see_v he_o stretch_v out_o the_o right_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o horse_n before_o the_o middle_a ward_n may_v be_v able_a to_o come_v up_o and_o join_v the_o wing_n be_v thus_o stretch_v out_o they_o lead_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n three_o cohort_n of_o foot_n and_o three_o troop_n of_o horse_n a_o piece_n against_o the_o enemy_n beside_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o those_o that_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o rear_n who_o follow_v a_o thwart_n there_o be_v a_o great_a empty_a space_n in_o the_o midst_n because_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o spaniard_n come_v slow_o on_o and_o now_o the_o wing_n be_v in_o fight_n when_o the_o old_a soldier_n carthaginian_n and_o african_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o army_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v to_o use_v their_o dart_n neither_o dare_v they_o run_v into_o the_o wing_n to_o help_v they_o that_o fight_v for_o fear_n of_o open_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o enemy_n who_o be_v come_v on_o against_o they_o the_o wing_n be_v press_v with_o a_o double_a medley_n the_o horse_n lightarmed_n &_o velite_n wheel_v about_o their_o troop_n charge_v their_o flank_n the_o cohort_n push_v on_o in_o front_n to_o the_o end_n to_o break_v of_o 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move_v at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o enemy_n the_o enemy_n appear_v to_o either_o flank_n and_o therefore_o incur_v the_o same_o imputation_n that_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o file_n as_o seem_v to_o run_v away_o because_o it_o dismarch_v from_o the_o enemy_n yet_o be_v there_o use_v of_o it_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o by_o file_n for_o by_o this_o countermarch_n you_o may_v set_v the_o strong_a part_n of_o your_o army_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o apply_v the_o weak_a to_o some_o river_n lake_n hill_n or_o such_o like_a so_o that_o the_o enemy_n can_v not_o come_v to_o encompass_v it_o it_o take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o contrary_a wing_n the_o lacedaemonian_a take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o that_o wing_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o bring_v the_o best_a man_n to_o be_v foremost_a against_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o begin_v the_o move_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v when_o your_o force_n be_v such_o as_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v the_o enemy_n and_o you_o desire_v to_o bring_v your_o best_a man_n to_o fight_v the_o choraean_a keep_v the_o same_o ground_n the_o battle_n have_v at_o first_o &_o bring_v one_o wing_n to_o possess_v the_o place_n of_o the_o other_o or_o else_o the_o section_n to_o possess_v the_o place_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o may_v have_v be_v do_v in_o the_o last_o example_n cite_v concern_v scipio_n and_o asdrubal_n the_o manner_n of_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o countermarch_n by_o file_n in_o countermarch_n by_o file_n the_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o either_o the_o front_n remove_v towards_o the_o rear_n or_o the_o rear_n towards_o the_o front_n and_o take_v one_o a_o other_o place_n in_o this_o the_o motion_n be_v in_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n flanke-wise_a the_o wing_n either_o march_v into_o the_o midst_n or_o else_o clean_a through_o to_o the_o other_o wing_n in_o do_v it_o the_o soldier_n that_o stand_v uttermost_a in_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o wing_n must_v move_v first_o to_o the_o contrary_a wing_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o every_o rank_n several_o follow_v they_o in_o order_n the_o figure_n will_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o motion_n patritius_fw-la utter_o mistake_v the_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n and_o ground_v himself_o upon_o a_o wrong_a principle_n namely_o that_o in_o all_o countermarch_v the_o fileleader_n must_v march_v towards_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o bringers-up_a towards_o the_o front_n and_o therefore_o in_o change_v the_o wing_n into_o section_n he_o make_v the_o wing_n to_o fall_v of_o behind_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o fileleader_n wheel_v about_o and_o there_o to_o join_v themselves_o as_o near_o as_o the_o middle_a section_n will_v give_v leave_n and_o the_o section_n fall_v back_o likewise_o to_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o flank_n of_o they_o that_o be_v the_o wing_n whereas_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o euolution_n be_v clear_o to_o leave_v the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n and_o bringers-up_a in_o rear_n as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o and_o albeit_o the_o fileleader_n than_o change_v their_o place_n yet_o change_v they_o their_o place_n with_o none_o but_o with_o file_n leader_n and_o the_o change_n be_v but_o a_o change_n of_o hand_n the_o right_a hand_n for_o the_o left_a or_o the_o left_a hand_n for_o the_o right_n for_o whereas_o the_o fileleader_n of_o the_o right_a wing_n have_v before_o the_o right_a hand_n now_o in_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n be_v transpose_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n they_o have_v the_o left_a hand_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fileleader_n as_o likewise_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o other_o
bringers-up_a the_o word_n of_o command_n may_v be_v these_o for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n fileleader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n of_o every_o file_n pass_v through_o in_o order_n one_o after_o another_o and_o place_n yourselves_o at_o your_o distance_n after_o your_o leader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o so_o stand_v for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n the_o first_o manner_n bringers-up_a turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o beginning_n at_o they_o that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o bringers-up_a countermarch_n and_o place_n yourselves_o in_o your_o distance_n before_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o one_o before_o a_o other_o till_o the_o fileleader_n be_v first_o the_o second_o manner_n fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o let_v every_o man_n file_n follow_v he_o and_o keep_v true_a distance_n for_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_n by_o file_n fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o stand_v and_o let_v your_o file_n follow_v you_o keep_v their_o distance_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_n turn_v your_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n the_o rest_n of_o each_o rank_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o orderly_o behind_o your_o sideman_n keep_v your_o distance_n cap_n 29_o dobling_n of_o rank_n the_o front_n before_o dobling_n of_o rank_n dobling_n of_o rank_n in_o action_n the_o front_n after_o dobling_n of_o rank_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o first_o manner_n the_o corner_n file_n where_o the_o enemy_n appear_v turn_v your_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n of_o each_o rank_n turn_v your_o face_n and_o pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o sideman_n orderly_o keep_v your_o distance_n the_o second_o manner_n the_o right_a or_o left_a wing_n where_o the_o enemy_n appear_v not_o countermarch_n to_o the_o contrary_a wing_n and_o all_o in_o the_o rank_n follow_v every_o man_n his_o side-man_n keep_v your_o distance_n for_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o uttermost_a corner_n file_v of_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v wing_n countermarch_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o left_a or_o right_a wing_n and_o stand_v and_o the_o rest_n follow_v ranke-wise_a keep_v their_o distance_n of_o double_v and_o the_o kind_n thereof_o chap._n xxix_o 1_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v one_o of_o rank_n the_o other_o of_o depth_n or_o file_n and_o 2_o either_o of_o these_o double_a the_o number_n or_o the_o place_n 3_o the_o length_n be_v double_v in_o number_n when_o of_o a_o front_n of_o 124_o file_n we_o make_v a_o front_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n of_o 248_o file_n by_o insert_v in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o file_n and_o file_n some_o of_o the_o follower_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o depth_n this_o be_v do_v to_o the_o end_n to_o thicken_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o we_o lift_v to_o recall_v they_o to_o their_o first_o posture_n we_o be_v to_o command_v those_o that_o be_v insert_v to_o countermarch_n to_o the_o place_n they_o have_v before_o 4_o there_o be_v that_o mislike_v these_o doubling_n especial_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o will_v have_v a_o show_n of_o double_v make_v without_o indeed_o double_v the_o phalange_n already_o order_v by_o stretch_v out_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o the_o horse_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o battle_n 5_o the_o use_n of_o double_v the_o length_n be_v when_o either_o we_o will_v over-wing_n the_o enemy_n or_o else_o ourselves_o fear_v to_o be_v over-winged_n the_o depth_n be_v double_v 6_o by_o insert_v the_o second_o file_n into_o the_o first_o so_o that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v place_v next_o behind_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v the_o four_o man_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o three_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v the_o six_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o forth_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o whole_a second_o file_n be_v ingross_v into_o the_o first_o and_o likewise_o the_o four_o file_n into_o the_o three_o and_o all_o the_o even_a file_n into_o the_o odd_a doubâ—ing_v of_o the_o depth_n by_o countermarch_v be_v make_v either_o when_o the_o next_o side-file_n in_o several_a as_o in_o the_o former_a example_n the_o second_o and_o the_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o even_a file_n countermarch_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o place_n themselves_o behind_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o odd_a file_n or_o else_o the_o file_n remain_v in_o their_o first_o place_n and_o number_n half_a of_o they_o divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o other_o half_a countermarch_n likewise_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o convey_v themselves_o behind_o the_o other_o there_o order_n themselves_o and_o so_o double_a the_o depth_n of_o the_o phalange_n if_o we_o will_v return_v they_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n we_o must_v recall_v those_o that_o be_v convey_v to_o stand_v behind_o to_o the_o place_n they_o have_v before_o the_o countermarch_v note_n the_o former_a three_o motion_n alter_v not_o the_o form_n of_o the_o phalange_n for_o whether_o you_o turn_v face_n wheel_a or_o countermarch_v the_o phalange_n the_o depth_n and_o length_n remain_v one_o the_o motion_n to_o be_v express_v in_o this_o chapter_n induce_v a_o other_o shape_n to_o the_o phalange_n and_o make_v it_o seem_v a_o different_a body_n from_o that_o it_o be_v before_o be_v by_o double_v extend_v either_o in_o length_n or_o in_o depth_n for_o double_v the_o number_n of_o man_n or_o the_o place_n of_o the_o phalange_n in_o front_n make_v the_o length_n twice_o as_o much_o and_o double_v the_o same_o in_o flank_n make_v the_o depth_n double_a to_o that_o it_o be_v before_o for_o double_v be_v nothing_o else_o then_o make_v a_o military_a body_n twice_o as_o long_o or_o twice_o as_o deep_o as_o it_o be_v before_o 1_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v the_o doubling_n be_v either_o of_o length_n or_o depth_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o dipâ—asiasai_n suidas_n say_v of_o rank_n or_o file_n for_o rank_n stretch_v out_o in_o length_n file_n in_o depth_n and_o these_o again_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o other_o kind_n the_o body_n be_v 2_o double_v in_o number_n or_o place_n that_o which_o be_v here_o call_v number_n be_v call_v elsewhere_o person_n or_o dipâ—asiasai_n by_o suidas_n man_n it_o be_v call_v person_n in_o the_o insertion_n which_o be_v make_v to_o aelian_a i_o know_v not_o by_o who_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n of_o countermarche_n which_o because_o it_o lay_v thrust_v in_o betwixt_o the_o description_n of_o countermarche_n and_o nothing_o pertein_v to_o that_o argument_n i_o never_o make_v doubt_n be_v creep_v into_o the_o text_n and_o i_o be_o rather_o confirm_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o i_o see_v it_o noteâ—_n with_o a_o asterisk_n in_o that_o aelian_a be_v of_o robortellus_n edition_n which_o the_o learned_a isaac_n casaubon_n have_v quote_v and_o purpose_v to_o set_v forth_o if_o untimely_a dâ—ath_n have_v not_o prevent_v he_o i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o the_o word_n because_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o aelian_n and_o may_v give_v some_o light_n to_o the_o manner_n of_o double_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o be_v the_o word_n â—hat_n a_o phalange_n be_v double_v in_o person_n or_o place_n when_o we_o therefore_o take_v half_a the_o soldier_n from_o the_o depth_n and_o make_v file_n of_o they_o place_v they_o even_o with_o the_o rest_n in_o length_n of_o the_o front_n so_o that_o of_o 124_o file_n we_o make_v 248_o this_o be_v double_v of_o person_n in_o like_a sort_n we_o double_v 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rank_n must_v never_o be_v more_o open_v than_o the_o open_a distance_n of_o 6_o foot_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o troop_n may_v march_v in_o good_a order_n and_o observe_v well_o their_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o rank_n without_o that_o the_o last_o may_v be_v force_v to_o run_v or_o go_v to_o fast_o there_o must_v be_v heed_n take_v that_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o first_o rank_n begin_v to_o march_v all_o the_o troop_n and_o the_o rear_n also_o at_o one_o time_n march_v the_o word_n of_o command_n be_v open_v your_o rank_n open_v your_o file_n stand_v right_a in_o your_o rank_n stand_v right_a in_o your_o file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v so_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_n file_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v rank_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_n rank_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_n close_o your_o file_n close_o your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n wheel_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n wheel_n fault_n escape_v in_o the_o book_n pag._n 2._o in_o the_o margin_n beneath_o for_o spartionem_fw-la read_v spartianus_n pag._n 9_o lin_v 20._o for_o be_v be_v &_o lin_v 31._o for_o bircanna_n bircenna_n and_o in_o the_o marg_n lin_v 40._o for_o dipnoseph_n dipnosoph_n pag._n 10._o lin_v 26._o in_o marg_n for_o adrian_n arrian_n p._n 14._o l._n 11._o in_o marg_n for_o dipnoseph_n dipnosoph_n p._n 15_o l._n 18._o for_o marsilian_o massilian_n p_o 17._o l._n 47._o for_o pluime_n plume_n p._n 18._o l_o 49_o for_o conceit_a by_o conceited_o p._n 20._o l._n 45._o for_o thureo_n thureoi_n lin_v 48._o deal_n full_a p._n 22._o l._n for_o those_o these_o l._n 11._o for_o ochane_n ochane_n l._n 32._o deal_n then._n p._n 23._o l._n 12._o for_o divarate_v divarate_v p._n 27._o l._n 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34._o easy_o easy_o p._n 53_o l._n 6._o prataxis_fw-la protaxis_fw-la pag._n 55._o l._n 35._o for_o have_v give_v pag._n 56._o l._n 18._o sure_a safe_a lin_v 32_o 37._o ansetaus_n ansetaus_n 41._o then_o they._n 46._o a_o full_a point_n after_o through_o p._n 57_o l._n 31._o betwixt_o the_o and_o example_n put_v former_a p._n 58._o l._n 2._o pharnabarus_n pharnabazus_n l._n 18._o after_o monomachy_n a_o full_a point_n 37._o the_o â—hem_fw-mi 48._o after_o number_n a_o full_a point_n p_o 59_o l._n 6._o speedy_o speedy_o 36._o motion_n motion_n 39_o 40._o your_o you_o 41._o after_o form_n a_o full_a point_n p_o 60_o l._n 16._o fiâ—th_n five_o 18._o after_o may_v be_v set_v the_o figure_n 2._o 28._o after_o sort_n deal_n as_o and_o for_o 2_o read_v 4._o p._n 61._o l._n 18._o never_o neither_o p._n 62._o l._n 23._o after_o lydian_n a_o full_a point_n p._n 63._o l._n 15._o for_o 500_o 5000._o lin_v 22._o for_o 800_o 8000._o p_o 66._o l._n 26._o for_o 500_o 400._o lin_v 25._o read_v when_o 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