Serjeants are present and if the Battalian contain eight or ten Companies or a bigger number and every Company two Serjeants and three Corporals designed to do the duty of Serjeants two must necessarily be placed on each Rank to the Right and Left and the others must have their Stations in the Rear but if the Serjeants be not so many then there will be allowed but one to each Rank to the Right and Left and the rest in the Rear making a Parallel Rank to the Souldiers keeping three paces distance from the Rank The Serjeants thus placed the Drums must stand one half on the Right and the other half on the Left that they may range directly with the first Rank of the Souldiers but if the Drums be more than usual and the ground be streight then they may be disposed in two Ranks on the Right and Left ranging with the two first Ranks of Souldiers ever slinging their Drums unless contrary Command be given The Hoitboys if there be any are to take the right of the Drums which are on the right of the Battalion ranging with them in the same Ranks The Commission Officers according to the English Military Discipline are to take their places at the head of the Battalion as the Colours are drawn but more of this hereafter In this close Order the Ranks by the care of the Serjeants are to have twelve large Feet distance between Rank and Rank which must be kept very even the Chief Commandant to place himself about forty paces distant from the Center of the Pikes As to the words of Command they must be given with deliberation least commanding too fast put the Souldiers beside their Exercise Silence being commanded the next word of Command is Files open to the Right or to the Left to your Order March At these words each Souldier turns to the hand mentioned and after a short stand the Flanking Searjeants lead the Ranks which by this means are Files marching slowly forward by short steps the Serjeants with advanced Halberts the Iron uppermost every man if they move to the Right observing the left-hand man if to the Left the contrary and as soon as the last man but one of the first Rank stirs the Command is to be given for them all to Halt And in proceeding to open Files after this manner no man ought to move till his Leader be at four foot distance and then to move with equal pace and keep the distance so that when faced to the proper Front there will be three foot space between them The word of Command to Halt being given the word of Command succeeding is To your Leader In this case the Captains and Lieutenants are to carry their Pikes comported ever when they move to the Right or Left the Ensigns being Advanced the Ranks must also be kept even at twelve feet distance which is the Serjeants Care the Files must be likewise at three feet distance each having regard to his right and left-hand man To draw the Officers from the Front of the Battalion to the Rear these words must be used viz. Have a care of the Exercise Upon this the Musqueteers are to draw off their right-hand Gloves and stick them in their Girdles The next words are viz. Officers take your Posts of Exercise in the Rear March Upon this the Officers must face to the right-about the Captains marching a pretty swift pace in the one Rank and the Lieutenants and Colours in another two paces behind Captains and Lieutenants carrying their Pikes Advanced being in the Rear the Lieutenants and Ensigns are to take their places in a Rank about twelve feet from the Serjeants the Captains ought to be thirteen paces from the last Rank of Souldiers and the Lieutenants and Colours eleven and at this word of Command or further signal from the Officers to take their Posts of Exercise in the Rear six Serjeants of the Rear must march thorough the Intervals of the Files posting themselves in the Front forty six paces from the first Rank of Souldiers being advanced six paces before the Chief Commandant making by their ranging a parallel Line with the Battalion keeping the Front free and undisordered This word being likewise given the Pike men must joyn their left-hands with their Pikes placing them even with their Shoulder We suppose the Musqueteers to have Shouldered and the Pikes Advanced none are to speak after Silence is Commanded but the Officer in Chief who thus proceeds 1. Order your Pikes 2. To the Right to the Right to the Right to the Right to the Right-about as you were To the Left to the Left to the Left to the Left to the Left-about as you were Words of Command for the Exercise of the Fire-Lock and Pike 1. MVsqueteers have a care of the Exercise and carry your Arms well 2. Lay your right hands on your Muskets 3. Poise your Muskets 4. Rest your Muskets 5. Cock your Muskets 6. Guard your Musket 7. Present 8. Fire 9. Recover your Arms. 10. Half bend your Muskets 11. Clean your Pans 12. Handle your Primers 13. Prime 14. Shut your Pans 15. Blow off your loose Corns 16. Cast about to Charge 17. Handle your Chargers 18. Open them with your Teeth 19. Charge with Powder 20. Draw forth your Scowerers 21. Shorten them to an Inch. 22. Charge with Bullet 23. Ram down Powder and Ball. 24. Withdraw your Scowerers 25. Shorten them to a Handfull 26. Return your Scowerers 27. Poise your Muskets 28. Shoulder your Muskets 29. Order your Musket 30. Pike-men take heed 31. Advance your Pikes to the Front Charge 32. To the Right Charge 33. To the Right Charge 34. To the Right Charge 35. To the Right Charge 36. To the Right-about Charge 37. As you were Charge 38. To the Left Charge 39. To the Left Charge 40. To the Left Charge 41. To the Left Charge 42. To the Left-about Charge 43. As you were Charge 44. Advance your Pikes 45. Shoulder your Pikes 46. Charge to the Front 47. As you were Charge to the Right as you were 84. Charge to the Right-about 49. As you were Charge to the Left as you were 50. Charge to the Left-about 51. As you were 52. Port. 53. Comport 54. Charge to the Front 55 Trail your Pike 56. Charge as you were 57. Advance your Pikes When you Exercise thus it must be done altogether and not one after another that a whole Battalion may seem to do but one and the same Action Then to proceed further viz. Musqueteers take heed Poise your Muskets Shoulder your Muskets Musqueteers make Ready at which time all the Postures of the Musket are to be performed by the Musqueteers together which readiness imploys a Cocking which must be guarded with the Thumb least it should go off unseasonably and the Muskets brought streight before them with the left hands a little above the Chin. The Pike-men at the word Make Ready are likewise to bear their Pikes straight before them and recover
head of the Pikes in an equal Line each two paces distant from the Body the Captains to be divided on each Wing advanced two paces before the Lieutenants the Commander in Chief excepted none are to be before the Ensigns and he to be two paces advanced beyond the Captains unless it be when a Regiment makes but one Battalion and the Presence of the Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel be had then the latter is to take his Post on the left hand of the former The Major who must be on Horse-back is to place himself in a direct Line before the Serjeants on the right Angle somewhat more advanced before the Line of the Captains and the Aid Major being likewise mounted in the left Angle after the same manner If the King be to be received then Pikes must be Advanced and Muskets Shouldered the same likewise to the Queen but to all others the Pikes are to Ordered If a Company of Granadiers belong to the Regiment it must be drawn up on the right of the Battalion at three deep about three paces being left between their Drums and those of the Battalion The Order and Manner of Salute As soon as it is observed the King approaches the Drums must beat a March and the Officers are to Salute in their Order as he passes by keeping the Spear of their Pikes exactly with the proper Front and not by any means turning their cross ways The Salute being made they without making a Leg or Bowing are immediately to pull off their Hats keeping them off with their bodies upright till the persons to be Saluted are passed by The manner of the Ensign's Saluting is with their Colours at one Motion bringing them near the ground directly before them raising them altogether at one Motion upon which they pull off their Hats as the former The Serjeants are to stand with their Hats off and their Halberts Ordered facing the same way with the Battalion and here it is to be noted That if the Person to be Saluted goes round the Battalion it must face as he moves without altering the Posts This must be observed upon the private review of a Battalion but if it so happen that it be to be done in the Field and the Army drawn up each Battalion must salute with Pikes and Muskets Charged The Musketiers upon the approach to be Shouldered and the Pikes Advanced when the Commander in Chief proceeds to give the Word c. Recover your Arms. Upon this bring your Pikes and Muskets directly before you the butt ends of your Pikes in the Palms of your Hands and the right Heel brought to the left Instep and when the Drum first strikes the March you must Charge with Pikes and Muskets at one Motion and keep your Arms in that posture till the person to be Saluted is passed by up which these words of Command ensue Recover your Arms. Poise your Muskets Shoulder your Muskets At which time the Pikes are to be brought to the Advance but in case of Marching the Salute is somewhat different Of Marching and the Salute c. In marching a Battalion be sure in the first place to see the Files close to the right or left in their marching Order which is so much distant as they can conveniently have the use of their Arms without incumbering each other and greater Bodies in this case require more distance than the lesser as half a Foot and more from the right hand Man and so in Order to the rest when the Pikes being Advanced and Muskets Shoulder'd The words of Command are Files close to the Right or the Left To your close Order March Then each man is to turn to the hand named and consequently closes to the distances and hand mentioned and when this is performed the next word of Command is To your Leader Hereupon the Serjeants are to see the Ranks kept at their twelve large Feet distance and being thus disposed if it march in a Body the Lieutenants must be in the Rear at the same distance they were in the Front from the Souldiers the Serjeants that were in the Rear taking care of the Flanks that they keep even and well in Order and upon the word March they are in Front and Rear to step with their left Feet forward all at a time setting them down together marching very slowly the Pikes marching equal with the Wings of Shot not in the least pressing upon each other When the Body is marched as far as is intended then the Command to them must be Halt To the Right-about The Drums beating a Retreat the Lieutenants in the same Order and Method lead them back to their Ground as was before observed and there again the word of Command is Halt viz. To the Left-about To the Right-about As you were At this word the Lieutenants must quit the Rear and come to their station in the Front whilst the Serjeants in the Flank who were removed from the Rear take their places again To March in three Divisions the Method and Order IF you are to march a Battalion in three Divisions the Captains must divide the one half at the head of the first Division of Shot and the remaining half in the Rear of the last Division And again one half of the Lieutenants in the Rear of the first Division of shot and the remainder at the heard of the last Division of shot The Colours marching at the head of the Pikes which are to be Advanced the Commandant in Chief marching two paces before the Rank of Captains at the head of the first Division of Shot the Captains and other Officers exactly keeping the distance they were at first posted at when the Battalion was drawn up The Officers that are appointed in this case to march in the Rear of the Division are as they march off to fall after them and the Serjeants that were posted in the Rear are to take care of the Pikes upon their marching As for the Drums they are equally to be divided upon the Division marching between the second and third Ranks The Granadiers marching about twenty Yards before the Battalion the Equipage of the Officers of the Front must march somewhat on the left hand between the Battalion and Granadiers The Hoitboys marching in the middle distance between the Colonel or Commander in Chief and the Granadiers In marching the Colonel and all the o Officers must march with their Pikes underhand Comported not suffering the Spear to descend too much but keep it steady from swinging c. But if they have occasion to Salute they must as they approach Shoulder all together that is every Rank of Officers as they approach carrying them level upon their Shoulders performing the Salute as if it was the Action but of one Man not must the first Rank of Captains Salute till the Colonel or Commander in Chief has performed it not standing still or medning their Pace when they Salute The Officers pulling off their Hats as has been
the word March the rest that compose the Rank must wheel to their places The manner of Wheeling backwards by Half Ranks Here you must observe there must as near as possible be an equal number of Men in every Rank the right and left-hand man of each Rank standing firm on his ground and turn only to the hand named the words of Command being viz. By half Ranks wheel to the right and left backwards March Whereupon the Battalion opens the half Ranks separating and falling back to the right and left-hand Men which leaves an intervale and forms two Ranks opposite to each other the Officers and Colours dividing in the same manner taking their Posts and Ranging before the Souldiers to make a Guard the Serjeants and Drums placing themselves equally on the right and left This being observed the manner of Reduction is by these Words of Command viz. By half Ranks to the right and left inward Form your Ranks as you were March Here the half Ranks are to wheel from the right and the left and close the interval by which means they become whole Ranks for having wheeled inward at the word March they are no more half Ranks but whole Ranks in a Marching order In case of Closings and Openings there are divers words of Command required viz. Ranks close forward to Order viz. three foot March Ranks close forward to close Order viz. a foot and half March Ranks open backward to Order viz. three foot March Ranks open backward to open Order viz. six foot March Ranks open backward to a doubling distance viz. 12 foot March In this manner of proceeding to open backward the Ranks must fall backward in Order without changing the Aspect having ever regard to their Leaders and right-hand Men. The further Words of Command are viz. Files close to the Right March Files close to the Left March Files close to the Centre March Files open to the Right March Files open to the Left March Files open from the Centre March By the Files opening to the Centre is meant their facing from the Centre and if there happen to be an odd File that remains and is properly termed the Centre File When Files are to open to the right or to the left they must keep their station without Changing in any manner till the word March be uttered whereupon they are to face to the hand named taking their distances commanded each from his Leader In all Openings as has been said the contrary Man must be observed if the Command be to open to the right the second File from the right must by short steps first take its distance suffering the Leader to pass as far as it is commanded before you move the rest of the Files in their turn and order observing to do the same as for the left-hand File it is not to move in all Openings they are to move directly forward with a slow pace Thus the young Souldier may his Duty Read But now to greater Things we must proceed The Ratling Drum and Trumpet calls us on A Souldier's Work you know is seldom done But ever Travels with the glorious Sun A further Consideration of Doublings Relating to Foot c. and their Reduction 1. RAnks to the Right double March 2. Ranks as you were March 3. Ranks to the Left March 4. Ranks as you were March In case of doubling the Ranks those that are to do so must observe their right-hand men and move as they move beginning to move with the Foot next the hand then named and so to come into Order this doubling the even Ranks must be observâ—d to double into the odd when the odd Ranks are to double you must face the Body to the Rear and the like words of Command will perform it or you may further proceed viz. Odd Ranks that stood to the Right-about Double the even Ranks The Reduction of Ranks c. Those Ranks that double must face first to the contrary hand and then with the contrary foot bring themselves to the former Ground but not to move in the least till the word March be given and this is held upon all doublings of Ranks and half Ranks notwithstanding the contrary hand is to be turned to they must double on to the Ground they double to yet coming to their proper Ground they there must turn to the hand they doubled and thereby they are brought directly to their Leaders And in the like manner Files are doubled remaining much the same with the Reduction of doubled Ranks The manner of doubling Front half Files by half Files of the Rear The words of Command in this case are Half Files to the Right-hand Double your Front March Rear half Files As you were March Rear haal Files to the left hand double your Front March Rear half Files As you were March If this happen upon the March the Rear half Files must then move into the Front by a very swift motion the Front half Files at the same time continuing there each observing the right-hand Man In case of Reduction the Rear half Files must not face about but stand still till the Front half Files are passed and then fall in and follow the proper Leaders but if the occasion require the Front half Files to be doubled by the Rear the Rear half Files must march a softly pace observing their right-hand men so that all the Ranks may double at one time Observe in Reducement as it is in the doubling of single Ranks that no man must move till the word of Command March be given upon which they turn all together upon the contrary hand they doubled on and when they come up to their own Ground they must turn to the hand they doubled to Rear half Files doubled by the Front half Files Here the words of Command are viz. Front half Files to the Right-about double your Rear half Files This word of Command given the three Front Ranks or three half Files must turn to the Right-about and going on the right-hand of their Fellowers or the Rear half Files they must double into them and when they have doubled face to the Left-about to their Leader without expecting any word of Command The manner of Reduction The words of Command are Front half Files as you were March Whereupon the half Files must march slowly keeping at three foot from their right-hand Men by which means they incline to the left and are brought directly upon their former Ground and it is only doing thus and observing the contrary hand in doubling to the Left Now it remains that somewhat more particularly then has been said of the several manners of Fireings be laid down c. The manner of Fireing to the Front When the Souldiers are to Fire and keep their Ground 't is expedient that the Body be made close as well as in Rank as File as will stand conveniently with the use of Arms and hereupon Command must be given viz. Musketiers make Ready all Then they
as they have fired to their proper heighth the sub-altern Officers always minding that the next Rank of Musketiers be ready at the Angle to make their March under the Pikes instead of the second Rank which is to take the Place of the first when the first Rank has fired In this manner of fireing if the street to be defended be very broad then a space or interval must be made over and above the passage on the flanks sufficient for two Men a breast which will prevent the Horse from making any advantagious Attack To reduce this Order the Words of command are viz. Musketiers face to the right and left outward March and as soon as they are quit the farther Command is given viz. Musketiers to your proper Front March. This they must observe to do till such time as they are even with the first Rank of Pikes and then the Officers Drums Colours and Hoitboys must take their proper Posts Of the hollow Square and the manner of forming it by Words of Command IF you proceed to this the Battalion must be drawn up in Ranks at Twelve Foot distance the Files being at three then the Muskets shouldered and the Pikes advanced the Words of Command ensue viz. Colours Drums and Hoit-boys to the Centre of the Pikes March Ranks close forward to Order March Three outward Files of Pikes on the Right and Left double your Files to the Right and Left inwards March Half Files of Musketiers to the left-hand double your Front March Files close all to the Right to your close Order March To your Leader Pikes face square Pikes close forward to the Front Left Wing of Musketiers to the Right about Both Wings of Muketiers March Halt Musketiers Face to the Left March Halt Face to your proper Front all Officers and Serjeants take your Posts March Granadiers take your Posts in the Angles March Face square Musketiers make ready At this VVord the Pikes must be ported very low when the Musketiers present and the next VVord is First Rank kneel which must be done in such a manner that the two last Ranks may advantageously Fire over Then again The two last Ranks present Fire Having fired the next is Recover your Arms upon which the first Rank is to stand up with their Muskets recovered ready cock'd and guarded whereupon the two Ranks that have fired take the opportunity to Load again and these VVords of Command ensue viz. Front Ranks present Fire which done the Commandant proceeds viz. Recover your Arms and hereupon the Pikemen recover from their Port then again To your Leader March Halt Face Square c. These being performed after the same Order they may March and fire to every Front noting that when they are hid to Face to their Leader it must be to the Commandant in chief wherever he takes his Station but in facing to the proper Front it must be done to the Front of the Battalion as it was before it was formed into this manner of Figure Words of Command used to reduce this Form The Battalion being faced to the proper Front the Commander in chief proceeds viz. Granadiers take your Posts on the right of the Battalion March The Right and Left of each Wing of Musketiers Face to the Right and Left outward March Halt The three Files of Pikes of the Right and Left that doubled as you were March Musketiers Face to the Right March Halt To your Leader Rere half files of Musketiers that doubled to the Right about as you were March Ranks open backward to Twelve Foot March Colours Drums and Hoitboys to your former Posts March Files close to the Right to close Order March To your Leader Things proper to be observed by a Commander being in an Enemies Country c. HE must be carefull to observe the situation of the Place and gain as good Intelligence of the Enemy as he can and if he Command a Troop of Horse he must beware of skirting the side of a Wood for fear of an Ambush the strength of Horse consisting in the open Country as that of the Foot do's in a VVood for the Enemy is all ways to be expected to take advantage it is therefore dangerous for a Troop of Horse by reason it may be fallen upon before it can get to any secure Post An Officer of Foot marching through an inclosed VVoody Country must avoid if he can marching in the middle of a Plain or too near a VVood by which means if the Enemy approach he will have time to consider what course to take and if he be attacked by Horse then ought he to retreat unto the Wood Skirmishing to make it good for if he get into it the Horse will not attack him there but if he has to deal with Foot and observes himself the weakest he must regain the last Defile or narrow Post and drawing up in Battalia dispute it till he can better secure himself and the like is to be observed by the Horse if overmuch pressed wherefore it is good for a Commander to take special notice of the places he passes through sending his Scouts before him to discover the Enemy and search the Places where Ambushes are suspected for although it be in a Village there may be a Party of the Enemy there who will suffer the Scouts to pass by and conceal themselves till they see an opportunity to set upon the main Body When an Officer is arrived where he intends to Encamp he ought to Draw up his Men and having set his Guards he may permit them to take some ease by alighting from their Horses if it be Horse or if Foot to repose themselves always facing towards the Town or Place possessed or suspected to be possessed by the Enemy having if possible a Defile in the Front and Rear or some other security to prevent surprize the Scouts ought to be sent out from one half hour to another and when day appears they may venture farther into the Country and if there be no convenient Town or Place the best way if two or three days March in the Enemies Country is to lye in a Wood when it has been well searched to prevent an Ambush nor must an Officer suffer his Men to straggle though he be near a Friendly Town for it may so fall out that a Party may lye hid who taking that advantage may fall upon him and rout him though a lesser number for there it is the Enemy most commonly lays Ambuscades thinking as it often happens that by a Confidence of Security they shall find Men negligent and disordered When at any time the VVord is required of a Party you meet it is generally given by the weakest however it ought not lightly to be credited nor the Souldiers to Return their Arms till the Officer be assured whether they are Friends or Foes for many times a Deserter may betray the Word to the Enemy and he make an advantage of it Considerations in Marching an Army through
Behold A Prince Renownd In Peace and Arms. whos name and Fame the world with wonder Charms The Beâ—gian Glory and Great Britains Joy who saued the Dear Palladium of our Troy P. P. Beuâ—ho Soul The Perfection of Military Discipline After the Newest Method As Practised In England and Ireland c. OR The Industrious SOULDIERS Golden Treasury of Knowledge in the Art of making WAR CONTAINING Instructions for the Exercising the Pike and Musket in all their Postures with the Signs of the Drum by its beating the several Points of War the Exercise of Granadeers Horse and Dragoons The Explanation of the Words of Command and how to be put in Practice The manner of drawing up in several forms of Battle The various Fireings and Advantages to be gained thereby The several Doublings Wheelings and drawing up of Battalions Squadrons of Horse c. with the conduct of Armies in open or inclosed Countries or upon any occasion or Immergency How the detached Party and Officers c. ought to carry themselves several ways off of Incampment opening difficult Passes taking Castles passing Bridges opposing Towns or Fortresses The Method to be observed in Garrisons and the manner of Fortification with that of befieging strong Holds c. To which is added as a Second Part. The Art of Gunnery or the Compleat Engineer shewing the Practice of the Ordnance Mortars c. with the manner of making and using Fire-works for War at Sea and Land and many other things necessary to be known for the Improvement of Souldiers London Printed for Nicholas Boddington at the Golden Ball in Duck-Lane 1690. Lisenced according to Order Octob. 12. 1689. THE PREFACE THE Profession of Arms has in all Ages been in such Esteem that the Great Men of the World have made it their Study Emperours and Kings have preferred the Name of a Souldier above the rest of their Glorious Titles and indeed the Sword is properly the Bullwark of a Kingdom without which the Laws would prove weak and ineffectual for did not the Violaters fear that Power which is of force to compel them to undergoe the Penalties of the Laws they would esteem them but a dead Letter And to speak more plain The Souldier is the Guard of Liberty Property and what ever is dear to Mankind as being at all times ready to sacrifice his Life for the Defence of his Country nor are the Advantages small that may incite men to the study of the Military Art for it is often seen that Persons of mean Birth and Fortune have by their Courage and Industry become great Commanders and many times Generals of Armies Courage indeed is a great Qualification in the profession of Arms but without Experience it frequently does hurt and rarely raises a man to any considerable Station but joyned with Experience and kept within bounds it wants but Opportunity to make him Eminent though many Books of this kind have appeared in the World yet being either of an extraordinary Price or wanting somewhat new and necessary to be known we thought fit especially for the Instruction of young Souldiers to compile in a small Volume such a Body of Military Disciplin'd c. as at this time is Practical and approved by the great Captains of the Age that they may be able to understand their Duty and perform it with Exactness and Dexterity so that being well grounded in the most necessary and honourable Art their Courage Zeal and Loyalty may not only frustrate the Projects of our Enemies abroad and at home but render these Kingdoms Dreadful to our Neighbours and Happy in themselves The Perfection of MILITARY DISCIPLINE After the Newest Method As Practised In England and Ireland c. THE most promising things to Preferment in this great Art are Valour and Obedience for it is not only very commendable when occasion offers to fight Valiantly but likewise to obey Patiently the latter being looked upon as a great Vertue to these Experience acquired by Labour and Industry being joyned Difficulties will the easier be overcome a man may indeed a long time bare Arms and yet be ignorant in many things he ought materially to know but an Industrious Mind will accomplish much in a short time There are several things in the Military Art to be considered and in the first place those properly called the Senses by which we receive Advertisement as the Eye and the Ear and in this case a strict Observance and Silence is required that the one and the other may not be mistaken The Signes used in War are commonly three viz. The Voice which conveys the word of Command to the Ear. The Trumpet or Drum which by certain Sounds and Beats give notice to the Cavalry and Infantry what is to be done And the last is The Hand Colours or other Signs which inform the Eye and these are called Vocal Semi-vocal and Mute and these must be perfectly understood or else by mistake or not knowing what to do a Souldier may run into great Error especially in Battle loosing himself and being the occasion of the loss others But of this more hereafter When it happens that a Regiment has the word of Command to draw out then ought the Major or Adjutant to Assign each Company its proper Post and this must be done by placing the eldest Company upon the Right and the next to that on the Left and so in order to the youngest who by this meanes will come into the Center and every Company or Body of Men are to be drawn up in the beginning at the same order they march at as well in Rank as File the single Companies always taking notice to leave so much room as the Serjeants and Drums may place themselves in on the Right and Left of each Company Then observe before you form your Battalions to draw up from every Company the odd Men forming in Opposition a Rank at fifty paces in distance from the head of each Company that no broken Files may appear and by this means with more speed and dexterity you may compleat the Files The Battalions may be form'd the Companies disposed in order as aforesaid by these words of Command viz. 1. Have a care to form the Battalion 2. Musqueteers to the Right and Left outwards 3. Pikes to the Right and Left inwards 4. March interchanging Ground Upon the interchange of Ground by the Pikes and Musqueteers the first Rank of Pikes must pass before the first Rank of Musqueteers And it ever is to be noted That after Command for moving of any kind no man stir till the word March be uttered so that they may move joyntly and not break the Order The Ground being changed the Souldiers must forbear to face to their Leaders till they be so commanded which done they are in Battalia at close Order in File and the Officers in this case must have a regard to the whole as not limitted to their particular Companies and the Commandant must take notice how many
them and their Thumbs for the better security on the Cocks whereupon the Pikes are to be recovered before the Pikemen the butt ends in the palms of their hands and the Spears upright their left hands no more than the height of their Mouths When the word Charge is given then must they bring down the Muskets and Pikes at once being sure to turn the left Toes that way they Charge and the heel of the fame Foot directly against the middle of the right Foot in every Charge charging directly forward not at first charging the Pikes close to one anothers Breasts but charge a little way distant in bringing down the Pikes and when they are charged then is the time to close them The Charge is To the Right four times Then to the Right-about after that As you were Then to the Left Charge four times Then to the Left-about Charge Then as you were which you may plainly observe in what has been laid down in the former Exercise Here the Pike-men must turn as the Musketeers bringing up their right Heels to their left Insteps extending their Arms as they turn bringing their Muskets straight before them their left hand as high as their Mouths pulling back their Arms and when they are faced fall back with their right Legs nor must the Souldiers bring down their Arms till the word Charge is given doing it with a quick motion and not suffering the Pikes to clatter Then the word of Command is viz. Recover your Arms. Half bend your Muskets Poise your Muskets Shoulder your Musket As before is noted Hereupon the Muskets being Shouldered the Pikes that stood Recovered falling out with their right Legs the Pikes are brought to their Thighs to their Advance Poise your Muskets This Command given the Pike-men must fix their left hands to their Pikes about the height of their Shoulders Then Order your Arms. Pikes to your Inside Order Lay down your Arms. Quit your Arms. To the Right-about March These must be observed as is before directed in the Exercise which to repeat again would be Tautology only thus much when you are clear of your Arms you must disperse and upon the beat of Drum run thither again with a Huzza your Swords drawn and their points upwards Then these words of Command are given viz. Return your Swords Handle your Arms. Order your Arms. Pikes to your Out-side Order Advance These things ought to be duly considered and in this first place in ordering your Arms observe to make a little stop before the butt ends come to the ground that they may fall together at once after the Arms are laid down and quitted you must all stand up together as if it were but one motion Upon marching from your Arms step Front and Rear together with the left Feet and march but a little distance Your right hands being laid on your Swords you must take hold of your Scabbards with your left hands and your Swords being drawn you must hold them upright before you bringing them down at one motion and when by Command you have returned your Swords you must stand upright to your Arms looking to your proper Front As for the rest we refer you to the Exercise of the Pike and Musket distinctly Several things to be observed in Command and Exercise relating to the Match-Lock Musket c. THE Match-Lock Musket in all the material parts of Exercise is the same with the Fire-Lock but some other things being to be observed we shall lay them down for the ease of the Reader and this chiefly consists in keeping your Match well with a good Coal fastning it upon Command advantagiously in your Screw blowing the Coal and trying your Pan by false flashes laying it down at Command taking it up again shortening it to the Pan that it may give true Fire But more to the particulars 1. Lay down your Matches Do this at four Motions first by a little turning the butt end of your Musket easily slipping on your Shoulder lay then your right hand on your Match In the next place extend your right hand and foot before you and recover your Musket in its place Thirdly stoop and bring your Match near the right Foot within-side suffering your Ham to bend a little Lastly quit it and bring your Body upright and your right Foot even with your left 2. When the Command is given viz. Handle your Match then having recovered it bring it between your third and fourth Finger by the help of your Thumb and first Finger always using your right Hand then the Palm being turned from you you stretch your Arm towards your right hand Man 3. Blow your Match Hereupon bring your Match to your Mouth not stooping but turning your Head a little to the right when having given a strong Blast to carry off the Ashes cast off your Arm to the right 4. Cock and try your Match In this case fetching a compass with your Arm bring your Match to the Cock and supporting it with your two near Fingers press it down with your Thumb guiding iâ— with your middle Finger when keeping youâ— middle finger between it and the Pan pulâ— your Cock down as low as the Pan and sink or raise your Match that it may hit the middle of the Pan and having fired when you hear the word Return your Match Hold your Musket in your left hand the Barrel towards you suffering your left Elbow to rest on your Body then take your Match between your Thumb and Finger in the right hand placing your Thumb on the top of it the palm being turned from you placing one end of your Match between the third and fourth finger of your left hand and the other end press with the first and second fingers then with extended fingers place your right hand under the Pan. This is all that is material as to the Match the other postures of the Musket being the same with the Fire-Lock already mentioned Directions for the Exercise of Foot Granadiers THough the Granadiers in many things differ from the Musketiers in Exercise yet for the better part they do the same drawing up in the same Order Rank and File only they seldom draw up above three deep and supposing then to be shouldered The words of Command are Lay your right Hands on your Fire-Locks 1. Poise your Fire-Locks 2. Rest your Fire-Locks 3. Cock your Fire-Locks 4. Gaurd your Fire-Locks 5. Present 6. Fire 7. Recover your Arms. All these are to be done in the same manner as the Exercise of the Fire-Lock Musket 8. Cast over to the Left In doing this they are to lay their right hands on their Daggers 9. Draw your Daggers Here they must draw their Daggers and hold them upright in their hands before them 10. Screw it into the Muzle of your Fire-Lock Do this so that the flat side may be towards you when you have recovered 11. Return your Arms. 12. Charge to the Right four times 13. To the Right-about Charge
forward the young Souldier thougâ— indeed a heedful practice is the Life of Exercise The Exercise of Horse so properly called THough as to the words of Command iâ— Exercise they are not many yet various are the Actions to be performed by them as after we have given an account of the known words of Command shall be shew'd at large and in this case when a Squadron or Troop is appointed to Exercise having their Carbines and Pistols Loaden the Corporals must pass through the Ranks and see that they are all ready which done the Chief Officer commands Silence and gives the words viz. Lay your right hands on your Sword Draw your Swords Put your Swords in your Bridle-hands Lay your hands on your Pistels Cock your Pistols Hold up your Hands Give Fire When you have given Fire you must not let your Pistol hand fall till the next word of Command be given viz. Return your Pistols And this you must obseve in Fireing the right and Left again Lay your hands on your Carbines Advance your Carbines Cock your Carbines Fire Let fall your Carbines Take your Swords from your Bridle-hands Return your Swords These motions must be exactly observed every man doing each particular motion at one and the same time the word of Command for that purpose being given deliberately that there may be no mistake In drawing up a Body of Horse that is when the Body is drawn up the Officers that command not in Chief ought to keep close to their Men but the Chief Commandant must be about a Horses length before them to see more exactly what is done and so it must be observed in Marching It is further to be noted at this day that when a Squadron of Horse is to Wheel if to the Right the right hand men must not close to the Left as formerly for that puts the Rank many times out of Order but they must keep theiâ— Ground suffering the left to come about whilst they only turn their Horses heads observing their left hand Men. This may serve for the Motions which the Officers are to take care of yet there remains many other curious Matters to which we proceed To Close the Files 1. If you would be at close Files To close your Files The righr Wing File stand Close your Files To the Right To the Left As you were To the left Wing anâ— stand To the Left by Files close the Squadron To the Right As you were The righâ— and left Wing Files stand By half Ranks close Files to the right and left or by closing Files you may cleave the Squadron The manner of Closing the Ranks File-Leaders stand By Ranks close the Squadron to the Front On the Front as you were or open to the Ranks on the Front to the first distances The manner of doubling Ranks By half Files to the Right Double your Ranks to the Front File Leaders Advance your Rank Half Files take your Ground In this manner you may Command to the Left The first half Files stand By half File Leaders on the left Wing double your Ranks to the Front Now if you would reduce this again observe the following Command viz. Right Wing half Rank Advance your Ranks Half File-Leader take your Ground The first half File stand By half File-Leaders on the right and left Wings then double your Ranks to the Front Carocolling to the right and left then the last half File stand and the first half Files by Carocol to the right and left on the Wings after this double your Ranks to the Rear Here the first half File must observe to open the half Rank to the Right and Left The first half File by Carocol To the Right and Left double your Ranks to the Rear In this case let the last half File open the half Rank to the Right and Left and since these words Carocol and Conversion may appear difficult to understand it will be convenient to explain the Motion When you are to Wheel by Carocol observe that it is made by the depth or flank of of the Squadron by which means the Rank and not the File makes the Motion Conversion in Wheeling is performed by the Front of the Squadron by which means the File remains whilst the Rank makes the Motion Directions for Wheeling by Conversion with the Word of Command WHen we say to the Right by Conversion it is to be understood That you ought to close your Right Leg to the Horse your Knee touching that of the right hand man's and so you must do in the word of Command to the Left as when we say Close the Left Wing then must the left Leg closed By half Ranks and by Conversion divide the Squadrons into two Troops In case you would reduce the Squadron The Cammand is By Conversion the Squadron into one Troop or the left Wing Advance by Conversion In wheeling by Carocol the words of Command are viz. The right Wing to the left by Caracol Face about to the Rear Or it may be performed by half Ranks viz. By Quarter Ranks and by Carocol divide the Squadron into three Troops Then if you would reduce them order Quarter Ranks and Squadrons into one Troop If you are to be Commanded the Volt Face or Facing about observe it in this manner Face about to the Right Face to the Right by Controversion Face about to the Right by Carocol Face about to the Left by half File Face about to the Right and Left In case in Hay you are to be drawn up Observe this Order By half Ranks To the Right and Left draw up in Hay To the Front and if to be reduced again the proceeding is thus By Carocol To the Right and Left As you were By half Ranks and by Carocal To the Right and Left Draw up in Hay to the Rear Reduction here the Command is To the Front As you were By half Ranks to the Right and Left draw up in Hay Reduction By Carocol To the Right and Left As you were By Carocol To â—he Right draw up in Hay Reduction By Carocol To the Left As you were The Order of causing Horses to File off File by Ranks on the right Wing on the left Wing from the Squadron File off by Ranks on the left Wing Form the Squadron on the Right File off by three Files on the Left Wing from the Squadron Some indeed are for Filing off with whole Ranks but the most Experience in this matter have found it most convenient to be done by Files because three Files make a Squadron which a Rank does not The next material thing to be considered is the Doublings being useful for the strengthning any part of the Battle as it shall be seen necessary or required consisting in these following Heads As to the General Front and Rear Both Flank 1. Doublings of Length 2. Doublings of Depth But if you come to particulars there are six sorts of Doublings as thus First of Ranks that is when every Rank
doubles into the odd and if it happen that the odd Ranks are to double then let the Body face to the Rear and you need not expect any other words of Command 2. Half Files 3. Bringers up Here they are said to be doubled at what time they double their Rear into the Front 4. In case of doubling the Rear it must be done when the half Files double to the Rear 5. Observe that the doubling of half Ranks must be by the one Rank doubling the other and every doubling is done by the passing through by Counter-marches intire or divisional doublings And observe in the doubling of Ranks that they are reduced by the doubling of Files further noting that the doubling Files to any hand by the doubling of Ranks to any hand they are reduced In every Motion 't is to be observed that those who are to double must before they quit their places Advance and Poise their Arms and the Commands being performed they are to conform to the same posture as they observe those to be in to whom they double whatsoever the Posture be If you go upon intire Doublings they are to be performed by Order as well in Rank as File and in Divisional Doublings must be at open Order as well in Rank as File observing your right hand man in all Motitions If your purpose be to strengthen a Battlion in the Front Rear or Flanks by doublings it may be done as to the Front and Rear by intire Doublings intire Wheelings Divisional Doublings and Divisional Wheelings and in the Flanks by Files half Ranks and Divisional Wheelings In this case the words of Command are Ranks to the Right Double March Ranks as you were March Ranks to the Left Double March Ranks as you were March Observing iâ— these matters a general Rule That upon any doubling of Ranks or half Files notwithstanding their turning to the contrary hand they double on from the ground they double to They when they come to their own ground must ever turn to the â—and they double and thereby they stand directly after their Leaders If you are for doubling of Files that may be done in the same manner holding in the same Order with the Reduction of doubled Ranks and for the doubling Front half Files by the Rear half Files the words of Command are Half Files to the right Hand Double your Front March Rear Half Files as you were March Rear half Files to the left hand double your Front March Rear half Files as you were March And again if you would reduce let the Rear half File stand without facing till they are passed by the Front half Files then let them fall after their proper Leaders but if by the Rear you intend to double the Front half Files the Rear half Files are to march exceeding slow the body standing still and in the half Files be curious to observe well the right hand Men and in doubling of Rear half Files by the Front half Files with the Reduction The words of Command are Front half Files to the Right-about Double your Rear half Fâ—â—es March In this case the three Front Ranks or Front half Files must turn to the Right about passing on the right hand of the Rear half Files doubling unto them and then to face to the Left-about to their Leaders without expecting the word of Command and in case of Command viz. Reduction From Half Files as you were March the Front half Files are to March slowly three foot distance from the right hand Man directing more leâ—â—ward which reducees them to their former Ground If you are desirous to Exercise in Doublings observe the following Method Having drawn up the Battalion and if it consist of Musketiers the Commander in Chief must give the word of Command viz. Musketiers shoulder your Muskets but if the Battalion be composed of single Pikes those that are to march must be Commanded viz. Ranks that are to double to the Right Advance your Pikes Ranks that are double to the Left Advance your Pikes and this ought to be taken by the Pikes as a general Rule when they form a Battalion of themselves always advancing when they are to double fixing their Pikes upon the ground when they make a stand but different from this in some kind when the Battalion is composed of Musketiers only for the Command then is what is required in the ordering Musketiers alone and Pikes alone To the right double your Ranks in Front March Here if you would make your Doublings exactly true then the Souldiers upon their parting from their left Feet must come and place themselves in the middle of the distances of the Ranks they double and if the Battalion consist of six Ranks in depth when they are to double by Ranks either in Front or Rear then must it loose one Rank of the depth of ground and the distances of the Ranks by that means shall become double to those with whom they were before doubled this being well observed and you intend to reduce the Battalion proceeding thus Ranks as you were Then to double to the Left say To the Left double your Ranks If you intend to double your Ranks by half Files the Command must be viz. To the Right by half Files Double your Ranks in Front March And the same words are required to double the left by half Files either in the Wings or in the Rear then to reduce the Battalion the Command is only Ranks as you were To double the Ranks in Front upon the Wings so order it that from the half File to the close File the Battalion cut or divide it self in the half Ranks then the half Ranks on the left hand must face to the left and double upon the Wings of those two that have not changed their ground The manner of drawing up a Battalion and the Officers taking their Stations for Parade when they are to receive the King or General c. HEre the Battalion or Regiment being drawn up in Exercise the Ranks at twelve Feet distance and the Files at three the Musketiers sloping and carrying their Arms well the Pikes must order their Pikes in a close posture to their Bodies holding them near to their Heads the butt ends to the Latchets of their Shoes The Serjeants taking two or one on the right and left of every Rank at an equal distance as the Souldiers are at in the File but those on the Rear must place themselves at three paces from the last Rank of Souldiers well ordering their Halberts and having their Hats off the Drums are to stand on the right and the left even with the Front Rank of the Souldiers and at the same distance one from the other The Hoitboys are to be on the right of the Drums on the one side and the Drums on the right on the other The Officers Posts or Places Lieutenants to be divided equally at the head of the right and left Wings of Shot the Ensigns to be at the
be recovered from the Charge the Granadiers must take their Posts as before they were divided Shoulder your Muskets The Pike-men at this word of Command must bring their Pikes to their Thighs to their Advance the Rank of Officers Advancing together before the head of the Battalion two paces Ranks open backward at twelve Foot distance March Rear half Files of Musketiers that doubled to the Right-about as you were March Officers Colours Drums and Hoitboys to your proper Posts March If it so happen that a Battalion be more than once to Fire in Exercise then before you fall on instead of Clubing your Muskets when the first Fireing is over the Musketiers as they March must make Ready and the Pike-men Port noting by the way that every right-hand Man being a Pike-man of each Company must ever march with the Ensign's Pike The Drums must beat the Preparative at what time the first Division draws up either in Battalion or single Company being the most ready way to give notice to the Rear to draw up likewise when the Preparative is beat the Pikes Shouldered are to Advance except the Command be given to the Musketiers to recover their Arms and then the Pikes are to Port but not otherways in drawing up but at the Advance neither must the Ranks close forward or mend their pace in Marching but to draw up as at other times except the Command be given to the Musketiers to recover their Arms or make Ready being the same posture then they are ever to march as has been before directed In Marching by Subdivision what is to be observed IF a long March be designed for a Battalion by Subdivision the Files must be counted and ordered according to the wideness or narrowness of the ways they are to March posting one half of the Captains at the head of the first Subdivision of Shot and the other in the Rear of the last dividing the Lieutenants to every Subdivision of Shot for their better care of them the Colours being likewise divided to march at the head of every Subdivision of Pikes and the Serjeants are always to march on the Flanks never leading or bringing up a Division except Commanded and those Serjeants that are placed at the Rere of a Battalion when drawn up are ever to take care of the Pikes in Marching and in this way of Marching they are to March shouldering in Files but not in such Order as to jostle or incroach upon one another and although at sometimes it may fall out that more Men may be in one Rank than in another yet the Spaces must not be Left but they are to file in Marching shoulder to shoulder the Captains and Officers ever to March with their Pikes under-hand unless it be when they pass by a General Officer or advance before a Guard which they are to Relieve or off the Parade in which Cases they are to shoulder Defiles their Management A Defile properly so termed is a mirey Lane or difficult Place of Passage if it happen withall to be narrow and to make good the Passage you would draw up as soon as you have passed it in order then make the Ranks Files and if the Right the Right-hand man is to File first and the rest of his Rank must follow him then are they to Rank again as they were which proves more advantagious than Files fileing for this Reason viz. Because it presently makes a Front to the Enemy and in case of great Ranks they may File two a Breast beginning with the outermost File-Leaders and if the space will admit that is in large Defiles the Commander may make a Front by Drawing off as appears best to his Discretion Wheeling what it is and how to bâ— observed c. WHeeling is a Motion in Military Exercise which by turning brings the Head of a Battalion to the Flank ground which is extremely necessary if the Wing of a Battalion be attacked or when you see it advantagious to attack the Enemy in the Flank and on many other occasions as the advantage or disadvantage of War offers But to the purpose The Battalion drawn up the Officer in chief gives the Word of Command March and when the Battalion wheels upon the first Head of the right hand File then it wheels to the Right and when it do's the like upon the Left it wheels to the Left A Quarter Wheeling is termed the first Wheeling as it happens when they take a Compass to possess their own or the Ground left by another Battalion and in all Wheelings such compasses of Ground must be taken as that they leave no gap nor press each other out and to avoid this every Man must take notice of his distance at File the Word of Command being given to Wheel and then if you are to Wheel to the Right be sure to keep that distance from your right-hand Man the Ranks taking great notice of their Leaders closing very quick to the Left in the Rear observing to do the like to the Right if the Battalion wheel to the Left The manner of Wheeling a Battalion or Body when they March in Division The Battalion being upon the March and commanded to Wheel when it is so so ordered to the Right the right hand Man keeps his ground only turning upon his heel whilst the left hand Man moves about with a swift pace till he makes an even Line with the right-hand Man and the Word be given to Stand the second Rank observing not to begin to Wheel till they have taken the ground of the first by which means every Rank is to March successively forward up to their Leader's ground before they attempt to wheel for therein lyes the dexterity of this way of Wheeling The Soldiers before they offer to Wheel must take notice of that hand in Marching to which they are to Wheel for as the Right hand Man is to be noted upon the March when they Wheel to the left so on the contrary the Left-hand Men when they are to Wheel to the Left If the Service requires Wheeling in single Ranks observe The Manner of Wheeling in single Ranks When it is requisite for the Service to wheel in single Ranks for lining or guarding The Words of Command are viz. Ranks to the Right or if to the Left then Ranks to the Left-hand Wheel March The Right or Left-hand Man to which the Wheeling is made being to keep his ground only turning till the Line comes direct the rest being all to Wheel together in one Rank and at the VVord of Command March the Colours must wheel in before the Ranks the Drums taking their Places on the right and left of the Ranks as must the Serjeants observing that they be closed to the right or left without leaving any unseemly Spaces and to Reduce again observe the following Order The manner of Reduction IN doing this the left-hand Man of each Rank must stand and keeping his Ground only turn about to the Left and at
are to have their Arms straight before them ready Cockt and Gaurded and the Pikes being Ported they must charge when the Musketiers Present and then ensue the further words of Command viz. The five first Ranks kneel The Rear Ranks Present Fire The Fifth Rank stand up Present Fire The Fourth Rank stand up Present Fire In this manner the rest must be Commanded when they have fired they are to Charge again and make themselves in readiness to expect the next word of Command and this Order of Fireing may be performed by two or three Ranks at a time the first kneeling the second stooping and the third standing up In fireing to gain ground observe this Order The Battalion marching he that is to give the word of Command proceeds thus First Ranks of Musketiers make ready Halt Upon this the intire Battalion must Halt then he is to Command the Musketiers of the first Rank To Present Fire And as soon as they have fired they must recover their Arms not expecting any word of Command and with a swift pace File off to the Right and Left into the Rear observing ever when the first Rank Presents the next Rank is to make Ready and as the first files off the next must make good the Front Battalion marching and every Rank to fire in this Order and at the presenting of every Rank the Pikes without Command The manner of Fireing to the Front Retreating If the Enemy press your Battalion in Front and you cannot make good your Ground you may to prevent their pressing on Fire Retreating in single Ranks in the same manner as when you are to gain Ground except after the fireing of every Rank and their having filed off to the Right and Left into the Rear instead of the next Ranks advancing to make good the Front of the Pikes the Pikes must make their Retreat to the Musketiers who must keep their Ground till the Pikes make an even Front equal with them and the rest of the Ranks in their Fireing and Retreating are to observe this Method The manner of Fireing in the Flank If a Battalion be upon the March and is constrained by reason of the pressing of the Enemy to Fire to both Flanks it is to be thus performed Keep the Ranks at six foot distance and the intervals of that distance must be carefully observed between the Muskets and Pikes in their Divisions and this must be done by causing the Musketiers to incline to the right and left upon every fireing to the Flanks The words of Command are viz. To the right and left hand Files of Musketiers make Ready Which they must do and keep along with the Body not facing to the Flanks till they are commanded to Present and when they have fired they are to face to the Rear being thereupon lead a thwart very quick by the Serjeants and so up between their own Divisions and the Pikes and as soon as ever the next Flank Files Present those that succeed or support them are to make Ready without expecting the word of Command as is many other cases has been instanced keeping a long with the Body till they are bid Present and this Order must be observed till all the Files have fired each man upon fireing falling back with his right Leg in case of fireing to the Rear which many times stands instead especially upon being Charged by a greater number or upon a Retreat you must observe the following Order The manner of Fireing in the Rear The words of Command directing this way of Fireing are first The Rear Ranks of Musketiers make Ready By which is understood Cocking and Guarding Then Present Fire Upon these words the Souldiers must turn to the Right-about casting their left Legs backwards then Present and Fire which done they must recover their Arms without any word of Command marching up into the Front and there taking their Stations and note that as soon as the first Rank is bid Present the next is to make Ready without Command but must not face to the Rear till Commanded to Present and when the first Rank is bid to Present the Pikes must march till such time as the Rear of the Pikes are even with the next Rank of Musketiers that have made Ready by which means room will be left in the Front for that Rank that fires to bring themselves up even with the first Rank of Pikes every Rank being to do the like by the same Order The manner of Fireing the Street-way THis Fireing is generally made to defend against Horse that attempt to Charge in the Front when the Pikes are few then the Rear half Files of Pikes must double the Front upon this Command viz. Rear half Files of Pikes to the Right Double your Front March Musketiers to the Right about March The Musketiers being clear of the Pikes the following Commands are to be given Musketiers face to the Right and Left inwards March Upon this Command they are to joyn the Center of the Pikes and the Commandanâ— proceeds viz. Face to your Leader Hereupon the care of the Officers must bâ— to observe the Shot and the Pikes equallâ— Wing the former keeping no more distance from the latter then to give space for the Ensigns Drums and Hoitboys to comâ— between then the Captains are to take place in the first Ranks of the Pikes and the Lieutenants with the Musketiers and according as the Body is bigger or lesser one or more of the Serjeants must see the two first Ranks of Musketiers to face to the right or left and when the Command is given by the Chief Commandant viz. Port your Pikes The Musketiers of the two first Ranks must make Ready and at the word March the two first Ranks are to be brought up by the Serjeants to the right or left according as it is ordered who by two and two siting up they thwart under the Pikes and there they are to face to the proper Front without expecting any VVord of Command and to make two Ranks and that some are may be ever reserved 't is most expedient to fire but one Rank at a time the second being cock'd or guarded to stand either of them as near to the Pikes as the Management of their Arms will permit then the VVord is to be given viz. First Ranks of Musketiers kneel Upon which they must fall-back with their right legs keeping their left fixed their arms-upright before them their left hands even with their mouths then the further word of Command is given viz. Present Fire Immediately upon fireing they are to recover their Arms without expecting the word of Command and so file off on the contrary hand they advanced on with as much speed as they can the Serjeants leading them close by the Body unto the Rear placing them there in their proper Files The Musketiers being commanded to Present the Pikes must port very low without any other word and in the same Order to raise their Pikes as soon
always in this there is one Battery bigger than the rest called the Royal Battery which generally fronts the Town besieged and is frequently raised as high as the Walls and these Batteries must labour to dismount the Cannon of the besieged as well as batter the Walls for thereby the Enterprise will be facilitated but many times the Flankers are covered in a manner by the Counterscarp which must thereupon be laid open or possessed by the besiegers to gain a more uninterrupted Access and if the besieged Parly and send out to make terms Hostilities ought to cease till those that came out are returned unless the besiegers will refuse to hearken to any Parly which is not often observed unless the matter be carried so far that the breaches are laid open and there is no way or means for a longer Defence then instead of gaining Conditions they are forced to surrender upon Discretion If by Battery Mining throwing Bombs or a perpetual tiring the Enemy the Town is saultable and a general Storm be intended it must however be the General 's care as much as in him is to keep his intentions from the besieged but pretending one thing suddenly change the Order into another for by it the Enemy is accused and the Souldiers Spirits are kept up this Rule was observed by the Duke of Lorain in taking of Buda and proved very successful as it has done in the like upon other occasion The Court Martial or Council of War what is to be considered therein IT is necessary the young Souldiers should have some insight in this Affair to prevent his ignorantly incurring Danger and in this Case in an Army or Incampment the Council of War meet at the General 's Tent or Quarters and to this are called the Lieutenant-Generals the Major-Generals the Brigadiers as likewise the Collonels and Commanders of Bodies where it is requisite or that the Matter concerns their Regiment There are private Court-Martials or Councils of War frequently held in Garrisons and these may be held at the Governour 's House or in any other convenient place as the Governour shall appoint or if it be in a Camp it may be at the Collonel's Tent and he thereupon is to send notice to the Captains of his Regiment to be present those whose business it is to be there being assembled the Collonel or Governour or whose Right it is to be President takes place at the upper end of the Table and the Captains in their Degree and if there be no Judge-Advocate or he be absent the Town-Major Aid-Major or Quarter-Master discharges that Office and accordingly takes his place at the lower end of the Table As for the Lieutenants Sub-Lieutenants and Ensigns they have Priviledge to be there but only as Spectators with their Hats off and if the Matter be of consequence after it is opened by the President the youngest Officers gives first his Opinion and so the rest in Order the President being the last and being put all in Writing the Matter happens conform to the plurality of Votes and then is to be signed by the President if the matter is to be judged of by this Council or Court then the Party accused is brought before them and being informed of what he stands accused the Questions proper to the matter of his Accusations are asked him and then he has Liberty to reply as in case of civil Judicature when being withdrawn in the custody of the Marshal who is the Goaler of this Court the proof against him is considered and every one gives his opinion upon his Conscience and he stands or falls by the plurality of Voices and being called in and made acquainted with what has been determined the Sentence is pronounced by the President in the name of the Court c. and if he be guilty 't is the business of the Provost Martial to see it put in Execution and if the Punishment be publick the Regiment ought to be drawn up Spectators as a warning to them in offending c. but a Souldier for the Honour of the Profession is not to undergo any infamous Punishment before he be degraded of his Arms and his Coat in publick strip'd off and to frame this Court there must be no less than Seaven the President being one many times for want of a sufficient number of Superiour Officers Inferiour Officers are admitted but not often Of divers Figures in Battel-Array or for Fireing c. THere are various Figures wherein an Army or a Body of Men may be drawn up besides these we have named wherefore for the satisfaction of the more curious and for the greater variety it will be convenient to incert them by way of Prospect c. If you would draw up a cross Battle in the following Figure you may do it with a private Company or as many as you please and to bring them into form The words of Command are viz. The first two Ranks wheel your Front into the midst The two last Ranks wheel your Rear into the midst These words being given the next Command must be The rest of the Body Face to the right and left March The March must be continued till the Rear of the four Divisions make an even Hollow that may be square after that the Commander must go into the middle and give these words of Command viz. To the Center face all by which means he may give them directions what to do and then proceed further to say Face all about to the Right which makes the cross Battle Of the two Divisions one after the other Then Face all to the proper Front So you have all your Musketires in the midst flanked with Pikes Then Musketiers Face The Cross Battel Face to the right and left outward Pikes face to the right and left inward pass through and interchange ground So is your Body reduced to its first Front and Order If you would fire upon this Figure consider there are two ways in general and of these first it is to be noted when the Musketiers give Fire thereupon placing themselves in the Rear of their own Division the next Rank is after they have Fired place themselves in the Rear of the Pikes To Reduce the Cross Battle The Officers in the middle must give the Command viz. Face all to the Centre And then further proceed to Command those Divisions that were Flankers viz. Close to your Order The four fronted Battle called the Plynthium how to frame it by Command TO order this the Command must be viz. Half Files of Pikes Face to the Rear March This they must observe till clear of the Ranks of the Musketiers and then the Command is Half Files of Musketiers Face to the Right and Left March This must be done in marching between the Divisions of Pikes then the further word is Left half Ranks of the first Division of Musketiers Face to the Right and March between the Rear Division of Pikes In this case it is noted that
the Musketiers must be in the middst and the Pikes as Flankers The Figure of the four Fronted Battle c. To Fire upon this Figure the Musketiers must do it in Rank and after Fireing wheel off to the Right making their passage through the intervals and placing themselves in the Rear of their own Division successively maintaining the same Ground or if you would bring the Musketiers to the Angles and reduce the Pikes to the middle then must the Musketiers take place on the Flanks when you make the Figure To reduce this Figure The whole Body is commanded to Face to the proper Front And then Musketiers in the Rear March up on the Left of the Musketiers in the Front Musketiers in the Flank Face inward and close your Division These Commands given cause the Pikes to march up taking their places directly after their Leaders and by that means they will be brought into a sollid square The Commands are Musketiers Face to the Right and Left inward Pikes Face inward interchanging Ground The Hollow Fronted Cross Battle how to form it THE Files in this case being eight Men in depth the words of Command are thus to to be given The two first Ranks wheel your Front into the midst Two last Ranks wheel your Rear into the midst The rest Face to the Right and Left March Here they must move untill they have made the Cross then the Musketiers must Flank the Pikes as for example in the following Figure Proper Front Front of the Right Flank Front of the Rear Front of the left Flank If you come to Fire in this Figure it may be done every way as at Front Rear and Flanks the Fire made they must wheel off by Division and take their stations in the Rear of their own Division moving forward into the Leader's Ground that the form of the Figure may not be altered and when the second Fire is given the Pikes must move leisurely up Porting as they Advance till they make an even Front with the Musketiers the second Fireing being made those that fired are to wheel and place themselves in the Rear of that Division of Pikes which they Flanked which order all the Ranks must observe upon Fireing and by the Pikes Charging and Re-advancing the Figure will be preserved and the Reducement may be observed in what is directed for the Reducement of the cross Battel How to frame the hollow Square with Angles when required to be guarded with Pikes IN this case the Pikes being Advanced the Command must be Pikes close your Divisions before the Musketiers Pikes face all to the Right upon this they must Advance and move into the space between the Angles of the Musketiers by which means the following Figure will be formed c. Front In fireing upon this Figure you have your choice to fire either to the Rear Front or Flank as many Ranks as will stand with conveniency who upon fireing must wheel off and keep the ground or upon fireing they may retire into the Figure and charge for a second fireing How to form the Quintuple hollow Square c IN forming the following Figure the Musketiers having made Ready and taken their station in the middle make the hollow Front cross Battel by wheeling the Front of the two first Ranks into the middle which done the Rear of the two last Ranks must be wheeled into the midst likewise then the rest of the Body must Face to the Right and the Left and March till they have formed a Square whereupon the words of Command are Face to the Front Rear and Flanks This done the Pikes in the Front of the Musketiers must be Commanded viz. Open to the Right and Left Upon this the last Rank of Pikes must be even with the first Rank of Musketiers and then these words of Command follow viz. Two first Ranks of Musketiers of each Division move forward clear of the Pikes This done the following Figure will be produced In fireing upon this Figure the Command is Musketiers in the midst close to the Front Rear and Flanks Fire c. The Musketiers ought upon the first fireing to make good their Ground the second time fireing over they must Rank even with the Pikes and upon the third fireing the Pikes must move somewhat forward and the Musketiers loose Ground by which means a hollow Fronted Cross is formed and the Pikes must Port and Charge in the Angles whilst the Fire is made by the Musketiers The form of a hollow square Battle impaled with Shot TO bring this into Figure and Order the Serjeants must draw forth the odd Files on the right Flanks as well Muskets as Pikes then give Command to the odd Files of the left Flank Pikes and Musketiers viz. Face to the Rear This must be observed in wheeling to the left Cross the Rear following the Bringers up then the Command to the rest of the Body is Close to the Right and Left outward This must be till the Rear Angles of each Division be in opposition to each other then the Command is All Face to the Center Face all about to the Right By this means the following Figure is formed Noe In these Figures that C stands for Commander in Chief L for Lieutenant E for Ensign S for Serjeant and D for Drums P are Pikes and M Muskets To Fire upon this Figure when the Ranks of Musketiers have presented and fired they are to wheel off to the right and left through the Intervals that so they may be made in the middle of each Division as appears in the Figure and then they must place themselves in the Rear of their own Division the next Rank moving into their Ground or if any urgency require it the Musketiers having fired they may wheel off and take their station in the Rear of their following Division of Pikes which Division is to move forward and maintain the Musketiers Ground If you would reduce the Order the word of Command to the whole Body is Face to the left Angles of the Front Division Upon this they must March and even their Ranks and straighten their Files upon which the half Files must double their Ranks to the left forwards and the first Order will be regained Directions or general Observation in giving Battel THough there can no certain Rule be ascribed where the Contingencies are various yet it has been observed by experienced Commanders that Rules are necessary wherefore a Commander must avoid engaging against his Will as much as in him lies and take the happy moment to charge the Enemy when he sees an active Liveliness and sprightly Vigour in his Souldiers chosing the most advantageous Ground according to the quality and number of his Men sheltering for fear of being enclosed one of the Wings or Flanks to a place strong either by Nature or Art and bring on the Divisions of Horse and Foot at their ordinary distance placing the best Regiments of Horse and Foot on the Wings if
14. As you were 15. To the left Charge four times 16. To the Left-about Charge 17. As you were 18. Recover your Arms. These are to be done with a quick Motion after the manner of the Fire-Lock Musket 19. Cast to your Left Upon this they are to seize their Daggers with their right hands 20. Withdraw your Daggers Hereupon hold them directly before you the flat side to your Body 21. Return your Daggers Upon this put them up into the Scabbard 22. Poise your Fire-Lock 23. Half bend your Fire-Lock Do these as the Musketiers do the Fire-Lock 24 Open your Cartridge-Box and handle your Primer These are easily understood and need no direction 25. Prime 26. Return your Primer 27. Shut your Pan. 28. Blow off your loose Corns 30. Cast about to Charge Do all these as the Musketiers 31. Handle your Cartridge 32. Open it with your Teeth 33. Charge with Powder and Ball. 34. Draw forth your Scowerer 35. Shorten it to an Inch. Here by the Cartridge is meant the Charge of Powder made up in a paper fit for the Peice so that the Bullet being placed on the top of it they may be put in together 36. Ram down Powder and Ball. 37. Withdraw your Scowerer 38. Shorten it to a handful 39. Return your Scowerer 40. Poise your Fire-Lock Do these as the Musketiers do according to the Instructions laid down in their Exercise 41. Shoulder your Fire-Locks Upon this Command the Ranks are to close forward at six foot it being the Serjeants care to place their Halberts at a due distance 42. Poise your Fire-Locks Upon this over and above what the Musket requires seize the sling with your left hand 43. Sling your Fire-Locks 44. Handle your Pouches In handling your Pouches let your left hands be on the bottom all of a height advancing the right Legs and the right hands being of an equal height 45. Open your Pouches Do this altogether 46. Take forth your Granadoes Do this with the right hand extended before you 47. Shut your Pouches Do this all at once 48. Vncase your Fuzee Doing this step back with the right foot to the left facing 49. Handle your Match Do this with the left hand to the left side extending your Arms doing it nimbly altogether 50. Blow your Match In this doing the first Rank must fall back with their right Legs altogether giving a strong Blast 51. Fire your Fuzee 52. Deliver your Granado At this last word of Command the second Rank must advance six foot before the first with their Match ready to blow and when they have observed the words of Command the third must advance before them when upon the word Blow your March the first and second Ranks are to lay their hands upon their Hatchets and uppn the word Fire your Fuzees they are to raise their Hatchets and upon that of Deliver your Granado the Serjeants must be careful that the first Rank stands the second Marches six Foot before the first and the third six foot before the second expecting the word of Command with their Hatchets raised at what time the first Rank must raise theirs likewise Fall on In this case they must handle them fast bringing them down Return your Hatchets Upon this you must put them into the frog of your Belt by your side Poise your Fire-Locks Shoulder your Fire-Locks Do these as in case of the Fire-Lock Musket Granadiers make Ready In this case the first Rank must make ready their Fire-Locks and the second Rank handle their Pouches and the third their Hatchets The first Rank present At this word of Command the second Rank must open their Pouches take thence their Granadoes whilst the third raise their Hatchets Fire Upon this word of Command the second Rank must shut their Pouches uncase their Fuzes and handle their Match Recover your Arms. Here without any further Command the Granadiers of the first Rank must cast over to the Left draw and screw their Daggers into the Muzles of their Peices Recover their Arms and Charge the second Rank to advance six foot before them Blow your Match Fire your Fuzee Deliver your Granadoe Upon this last Command they are to Poise their Fire-Locks and make ready whilst the third March as the second with their Hatches Fall on Recover your Arms. At this last the third Rank must march twelve foot before the first Charging the second at six the first returning their Hatchets and making ready their Fire-Locks Recover your Arms. Upon this they are to half bend their Fire-Locks Cast over to the Left Withdraw your Daggers Return your Daggers Poise your Fire-Lock Shoulder your Fire Lock Face to the Right-about March Upon this last 't is the Serjeants duty to be careful that forward the Ranks open to twelve foot and that they so continue marching till they come to their Ground where they must halt without any word or Command In these observe the posture of the Musket As you were Poise your Fire-Locks Order your Arms. Lay down your Arms. Quit your Arms. Face to the Right about March Here observe that when you are clear of your Arms you are to disperse and upon the Drum beating you must hast to your Arms with a chearful Huzza your Daggers drawn lifted with their Points upwards Observe these as the Exercise of the Musket Fire-Lock and the rest as they have been laid down and you may grow expert Return your Dagger Handle your Arms. Order your Arms. Poise your Fire-Locks Shoulder your Fire-Locks Considerations of the Drum so necessary in the Exercise of the Foot what relates thereto THE Drum has been very anciently used in War and always approved by the greatest Captains the Souldiers understanding thereby what they are to do in many points as well as by the voice of their Commander and therefore it is called seme-vocal and gives directions of sundry kinds in these six points of War more peculiarly distinguished viz. 1. The Call 2. The Troop 3. The March 4. The Preparative 5. The Battaile 6. The Retreat And of these in their Order 1. The Call is to bring the Souldiers together to their Arms upon deliberate or urgent occasions or to hear any Proclamation or Orders that are to be given by the Officers so the Souldiers ought not especially in time of War on great Penalties to ramble beyond the hearing of it unless they be sent upon Parties or by some Express with the Knowledge and Approbation of the General or Officer in Chief 2. The Troop being beat the Souldiers must incontinently shoulder their Muskets and Advance their Pikes closing their Ranks and Files to Order following their Officers to the place of Randesvoze or else where 3. The March beaten you must observe to take your open Order in Rank shoulder both Musket and Pike and march quicker or slower as the Drum beats 4. The Preparative is to warn you that you close your due distance in preparing for Battle or Skirmish and see that nothing be
they have been continued and are no more than a kind of Musketiers on Horse-back Granadiers on Horse-back what their Exercise is and how to perform it with Dexterity c. THese as the Dragoons often fight on Foot and therefore though when they are on Horse-back they may be Exercised as the Horse yet it is most convenient whenever they March Wheel Face or Halt that they do not bear up too close nor do it in thick Files but between every File leave three foot distance at least the easier to dismount and March clear off their Horses or Face about as occasion shall require when in this manner being marched into the Field with their Arms loaden Hats on and the the word to Halt given the Commanding Officer having bid Silence must thus proceed viz. 1. Granadiers have a care 2. Sling your Muskets In this doing have your left hand upon your Sling 3. Put on your Caps 4. Right and Left-hand Men of each Rank keep Mounted 5. Clear your right Foot off the Stirrup In this case they must handle their Muskets casting them backwards 6. Dismount This must be done altogether with a quick motion 7. Make ready your Links 8. Link your Horses to the Left 9. March clear off your Horses This may be done by a third or second Rank marching through as soon as clear handling at the same time their Muskets 10. Halt 11. Lay your right hands on your Muskets 12. Poise your Muskets facing to the Right 13. Rest your Muskets 14. Cock and Guard 15. Present 16. Fire 17. Recover your Arms. Here you must have your Muskets half bent 18. Cast about to the Left 19. Draw your Dagger 20. Fix them in your Muskets 21. Recover your Arms. 22. Charge to the Front 23. To the Right Charge four times 24. To the Right-about Charge 25. As you were 26. To the Left Charge four times 27. To the Left-about 28. As you were 29. Recover your Arms. 30. Cast about to the Left Hold on this word of Command your right hands on your Daggers 31. Withdraw your Daggers 32. Return your Daggers 33. Poise your Muskets 34. Clean your Pan. 35. Open your Cartridge Box. 36. Take out your Primer 37. Prime 38. Return your Primer 39. Shut your Pan. In doing this bring your Piece up quick before you 40. Blow off your loose Corns 41. Cast about to Charge 42. Take out your Cartridges immediately shutting the Boxes 43. Vncap your Cartridge with your Teeth 44. Load with Powder and Ball. 45. Draw forth your Scowerer 46. Shorten it to an Inch. 47. Place it in the Barnel 48. Ram home Powder and Ball. 49. Withdraw your Scowerer 50. Shorten it to a handful 51. Return your Scowerer 52. Poise your Musket Do this before you 53. Shoulder your Musket Upon this word seize the Slings with your left hands 54. Sling your Muskets 55. Handle your Pouches the same with the Foot Granadiers 56. Open your Pouches 57. Take forth your Granadoe In doing this extend your right hand before you 58. Shut your Pouches Do this that it may appear but one Motion the left hands being held-up all at a height 59. Wncase your Fuzee In doing this you must face to the Front having fallen back with your right Leg bringing it even with the Left 60. Handle your Match 61. Blow your Match 62. The first Rank Fire your Fuzee 63. Deliver your Granadoe Upon this Delivery you must unsling your Muskets At this Command the second Rank must advance through the Right having their Match in Order ready to blow and place themselves six Foot before the Rank 64. Blow your Match 65. Fire your Fuzee 66. Deliver your Granadoe Upon this your Musket being unslung you must stand ready Cockt and Guarded then the third Rank is to march on the Right six foot frontward of the second 67. Blow your Match 68. Fire your Fuzee 69. Deliver your Granadoe This done unsling and stand Cockt and Guarded and upon this Command the first or proper Front must speedily March through at six foot distance 71. First Rank Fire After this word the first Rank must fix their Daggers in the Muzles of their Muskets and the second and third must imitate the first successively as the same words of Command come to their turn 72. Recover your Arms. 73. Cast about to the Left 74. Withdraw your Daggers 75. Poise your Muskets doing it to the proper Front 76. Shoulder your Muskets 77. To the Right-about In this doing take up your first ground in your March opening your Ranks 79. To your Leader 80. Poise your Muskets 81. Rest upon your Arms. 82. Lay down your Arms. 83. To the Right-about 84. March In marching the Ranks must be broken in manner of dispersing then upon beat of Drum you must draw your Swords face about recover your Order and return to your Arms with a Huzza 85. Return your Swords 86. Handle your Arms. 87. Recover and Poise 88. Shoulder your Muskets 89. Poise your Muskets 90. Face to the Right-about 91. Sling your Muskets 92. March your Horses In this last performance the second and third Ranks must March and standing at their Horses heads face to the Front 93. Vnlink your your Horses 94. Fasten your Links When this is done you must shorten your Bridles 95. Put your Feet in the Stirrups Here you must lay your Muskets over your Sadles 96. Mount your Horses This must be done altogether as if it were but one Motion and the Officers whose business it is are to see the Ranks compleated in good Order 97. Handle your Swords 98. Draw your Swords 99. Place your Swords Here you must put your Sword into your Bridle hand 100. Handle your Pistol which must be ever the Left 101. Draw your Pistol 102. Cock your Pistol Here you must keep the Cock gaurded with your Thumb 103. Present In this doing bear up your hand even with the Cock 104. Fire Here you must observe not to take down your Pistol till the next word of Command which is 105. Return your Pistol and the same Order must be observed upon drawing the right Pistol till you return it c. 106. Handle your Muskets 107. Vnsling your Muskets 108. Mount your Muskets If you are to Charge on Horse-back with the Musket which is not done but upon great oceasion the Peice being Charged the words of Command are viz. 1. Cock your Muskets 2. Present your Muskets 3. Give Fire In this doing you must keep your Musket in its posture till the next word of Command viz. 4. Sling your Muskets 5. Handle your Swords Do it by taking your Swords in your right hands 6. March In Marching the Officers commanding may bring them to any moving posture as Wheeling Facing c. by giving his words of Command with such deliberation that those who are more peculiar to take notice may see each Individual Part perform his Exercise and that they mannagâ— their Horses as they ought These Instructions put in practice maâ— greatly
Troop possessing the whole Front and between the Lodging of the Captain and the Troop there must be the space of 20 Foot a Lane of 10 Foot must be likewise between the Stables that the Horses may be brought out without incumbering each other and behind the Troop the Sutlers ought to place themselves at about 20 Foot distance and if any considerable number of Troops Encamp together then 20 Foot distance is allowed between Troop and Troop or more as the commodiousness of the ground will allow The manner of the Incampment of Foot A Hundred paces is commonly allowed for the Incampment of a Battalion of Foot divided by the Quarter Master into several Stations he allowing for each Hutt or Lodging a Square of 7 Foot 12. Foot to the By-street and 15. Foot to the great Street and two Foot distance between Hutt and Hutt every Company composed of fifty Men ought to have ten Hutts and the Kitchin for dressing Provision ought to be just over against the Hutts at 12 Foot distance the length of the Kitchen 12 Foot and the breadth 8 standing about 30 paces from the Captains Tents and 40 paces between the Tents of the Subalternate Officers and the Captaine the remaining ground being for the Encamping of the Field Officers and this Captains Equipage the Hutts of the Serjeants are to be at the head of the Souldiers opening to the Front the Suttlers to Encamp behind the Tents of the Officers at a convenient distance about 30 paces are allowed between one Battalion and another the Colonels Field-Officers and Staff-Officers Tents ought to be in the Center of the Battalion behind the Captains Tents and the Pikes to be at 18 Foot distance from the Hutts the Muskets to stand the like distance and the Drums and Colours to be placed within the hollow of the Pikes Things worthy to be observed in Relation to Garrisons THose Officers that take place in a Garrison are usually a Governour a Lieutenant Governour a Major Aid-Major and Captains of the Gates The Governour above others is obliged in this case to have a care of the Place and see that there be no wrong done to the Inhabitants and furthermore he is to appoint the Guard Rounds and Patrolls to give the Word each Evening visit the Posts keep the Officers and Soldiers in such Order that their Duty be performed observing that frequent Parties go abroad to get Intelligence and thereby prevent surprize and in the Governour 's Absence the Lieutenant Governour has the same Charge upon him and commands with the like Authority The Major's Care is to see the Guards mounted the Posts and Rounds assigned he Orders the Sentinels and goes every Evening to receive the Word from the Governour giving it about to the Quarter-Master and Serjeants upon the Place of Arms and likewise goes his Rounds the Major also visits the Corps of Guards and observes that the Soldier 's Arms are well placed and in good Order ordering the necessary Ammunition to be distributed amongst them he takes care of the Gates being shut and opened and is accountable to the Governour of what passes and gives him a Relation thereof and indeed the Officers that are in Garison are to be obedient to the Governour or Commander in chief and not to stir thence without leave in Writing The Captains of the Gate are to go morning and evening to the Governour 's House to receive the Keys that they may open and shut them and frequently there is in the Garison if it be in a Frontire-Town more especially a Commissary of the Artillery or Store keeper whose care it is to keep a Reckoning of the Ammunition and to distribute it according to the Governour 's Order and always one Gunner is to be upon the Guard at the Batteries There ought to be likewise a Commissary of the Provisions and if there be any suspicion of an Enemy some of the Garrison ought always to be at the Gate to observe Strangers that go in and out and the Centinels are to suffer no Carts or Waggons to stand or stop upon the Bridge or under the Gate and the Inn-keepers and others must give an Account to the Major every night what Strangers they Lodge As for the exact time of Mounting the Guards it cannot be set down by reason many vary being set sooner and others later as pleases the Governour but the frequentest time is about Two in the afternoon and whilst the Drums give them that notice the Serjeants and Corporals cast Lots at the Major's House for the Posts and Rounds which are writ down in a Register to that intent then they return to their Companions who assemble before the Captain 's Quarters and if only detached Men mount and not whole Companies they are Lead by the Serjeants the Drums beating the while as far as the place of Arms and when the Detachments are drawn thither and formed in a Readiness to Mount the Guards the Major or Aid-Major makes the Captains even to the Serjeants draw Lots for their Posts and Rounds always observing in the weakest Places to post the strongest Guard with skilfull Officers and not till the Officers have taken their Posts do's the Major order the Main Guard or Guard of Arms to March off then he causes those of the Gate and Bastions to do the like and after them those that were without and during the time the Guard is mounting those Officers who are to be Relieved put their Men in a posture of Arms and Draw off from the Guard posting themselves at the Head of their Souldiers over-against those that are to take their Places and deliver to them whatever Orders there are whilst the other Corporals do the like to the Corporals that are come on and those that are Relieved being Drawn up at the Place of Arms they are there dismissed in order to refresh themselves Those Officers that have Mounted the Guard proceed thereupon to Command the Souldiers to set down their Arms the Pikes at that time being advanced and the Musketiers shouldered which is done upon these Words of Command viz. Recover your Arms. Ranks file off by Division to the Right and Left March Set down your Arms in good Order This done the Corporals upon the Souldiers setting down their Arms receive Orders to be carefull in all things that they may be in a Readiness to prevent Danger or Surprize and here the out-Sentinels upon the approach of any Stranger whether Horse or Foot are to make him stand and call their Corporal who is to give notice of it to the Officer and he to send him to the Governour 's House with a Guard to know his Business and if the Centinels discover any Troops though at a great distance they are to give notice to the Main-Guard and the Officers are to make the Barriers fast and draw up the Bridges suffering none to pass unless an Order be brought from the Governour by the Major or Aid-Major There is in all