Captain joyned unto him and makes his number 13 And so comparing all the rest dividing them by two's they will stand as followeth 2 11 5 8 10 3 4 9 6 7 12 1 13 13 13 13 13 13  39   39  Thus much I conceive may give a right understanding to any coming-on Souldier of the true and right stating of a Rank twelve abrest being a thing very needful for to know in respect that there are many Regiments which do consist of twelve Companies and when in course as in the sequel of this Book when as I shall shew the manner of drawing up of twelve Companies there will a little more light appear unto them to their farther knowledge of the same But thus much for the present as concerning a Rank twelve abrest And now I shall come to speak or to touch a little of a Rank ten abrest and a File ten deep CHAP. XVII Brief reasons to be given of the Dignity of places of a Rank ten abrest and of a File ten deep WHat hath been formerly declared concerning a Rank twelve abrest as before shewed by every particular place of honour as they stand with the reasons for the same it may give a cleer understanding by the same rule to find the Dignity of places ten abrest For walking by the same way and rule of examination and you will find them to carry by dividing by two's being added to the four first places of honour and they will carry sutable proportions as underneath is set forth 2 9 5 8 3 4 7′ 6 10 1 11  11 11  11.  27   28  But for as much that in this Range of ten abrest there will fall out some odd we must then of necessity-sake place it upon the right and not on the left for the reasons as formerly for a File six deep declared I might now here conclude with other flourishing Tables which might be little profitable unto the souldier though holding out discourse more fuller in an Arithmetical way But I have no desire to fill this subject with plenty of unprofitable words and frothy flourishes but rather driving really in a souldierly way to make all things both plain and easie to every courteous Reader that shall be pleased for to peruse the same And therefore here for present I shall conclude what more might here be spoken by Dignities of Ranks and Files leaving what shall remain until such time in course I shall again meet with them by the way in drawing up of Regiments CHAP. XVIII What Distance is and the reasons for the first beginning of the same with all their several uses HAving thus now passed over several reasons and with as much brevity as I could to satisfie the longing desire of the young souldiers request of every particular place of honour as they stand in dignity both in Rank and File which being passed over the next will follow by course before we come to joyn the Files into a Body to satisfie the souldier of each particular Distance with the several reasons and uses of the same for next to the Postures it is the first thing or part of the Military exercise and most necessary for the souldier to be knowing in Yet I must confess no Commander is so tied up or limited in the exercising of his men at all times to begin with Distances first so as to shew them all throughout but nevertheless in all and every one of the motions in the exercising of a Body care must be taken that the souldier have his proper distance for performance of the same Neither can any Leader exercise his men but first he must command them to some distance sutable to what he will begin As some I have seen begin their exercises with Facings some other with Doublings others with Counter-marches and with Wheelings Yet nevertheless whoever they be that will so begin as I said before must command his souldiers to some Distance which may be proper for the same But for my own part my purpose is to go throughout all parts of the Military exercise of Foot and therefore will go on in order as they lie and first as most properest I shall begin with Distances to shew them all throughout and what the nature of them be Distance therefore really considered in it self is no Motion but there are several motions to the attaining of each particular Distance both in length and depth Therefore briefly thus Distance is a place or interval of ground between every particular File and File and betwixt every Rank and Rank as they stand and attained by the several motions of Ranks and Files and consisting of several proportions of ground as easily may be understood by their several words of command as they follow CHAP. XIX The several sorts of Distances which are fit and proper for the Souldier to be exercised in CLosest Order Which is both in Rank and File Half a foot Close Order Which is both in Rank and File One foot and half Order Which is both in Rank and File Three foot Open Order Which is both in Rank and File Six foot Double Distance Which is both in Rank and File Twelve foot Twice double Distance Which is both in Rank and File Twenty four foot Having thus set down every Distance with their several proportions of ground I shall next proceed to the words of command to the opening of the Ranks and Files from their closest Order and after satisfie the Souldier with Reasons and the uses of every particular Distance as they go along in order CHAP. XX. Words of Command for the opening of Ranks and Files to all their Distances with their closings again THe Commander craving silence and that they be commanded to close Ranks and Files to their closest Order the words of command for Distances are as followeth Files open to the right to your Close Order Ranks open backward to your Close Order Files open to the left to your Order Ranks open backward to your Order Files open to the right and left to your Open Order Ranks open backward to your Open Order Files open to the left to your Double Distance Ranks open backward to your Double Distance Files open from the midst to Twice double Distance Ranks open backward to Twice double Distance The Ranks and Files being thus opened unto their twice double Distance from their closest Order I conceive it to be a more souldierly-like way in the Opening and Closing of Files that the discretion of the Commander do vary and alter the hand in the commanding of them then alwayes from every Distance to tie himself to any particular hand as to open to the right and close to the right But as concerning the opening of Ranks the properest way in my judgment is to open them alwayes to the Reer in respect it is performed with more facility For every Rank from the first takes his due Distance as he is commanded without any
further trouble or to a half-facing to the right by taking it from the Reer if from that place they shall be opened and so likewise it were a great deal better in the closing of Ranks to close them forwards in respect it is for the more conveniency of their closing then to the Reer For then again they must perform a half facing which is not only unhandsome but troublesome to the souldier All that can be said to maintain it as I conceive in opening Ranks forwards is because they have not room in the Reer which seldome happens so in any exercise if discreetly ordered by him that leads them As for closing of the Ranks backwards I cannot conceive any solid reasons to confirm the same and therefore will pass over it and come to close our Ranks and Files to such Distance from whence they first were opened Files close to the right and left inward to Double Distance Ranks close forwards to Double Distance Files close to the right to your Open Order Ranks close forwards to your Open Order Files close into the midst to your Order Ranks close forwards to your Order Files close to the left to your Close Order Ranks close forwards to your Close Order Files close to the right to your Closest Order Ranks close forwards to your Closest Order Concerning the words of Command for Distances in the openings and closings of Ranks and Files what before is set down may be sufficient for any souldier to use in time of his exercise But now it will be expected to give some reasons for every one of these to shew them in their proper uses CHAP. XXI The use of each particular Distance and at what time to be used WHerefore first note that your distance of closest Order is of chiefest use unto the Pike in these particulars as first Charging against the Horse for that the Ranks then clapping in their left legs behind their Leaders right locking themselves so firm and stedfast one within another which 't were impossible for any Body of Horse to enter in amongst them Secondly it is of excellent use for to maintain a breach and to keep out an enemy Thirdly it is very useful to both Arms at such time when a Commander hath any thing of consequence to discover unto his Company which he may have many occasions so to do as before his Exercise to advise them to silence to observe their words of command and their directions and when they are to fight against an Enemy to perswade and keep them off from fear by assuring them good reasons of hopes of overcoming These or such-like speeches many times a Captain may have just occasion to express himself unto his Company and being at so close a Distance they may more aptly hear his words and obey his Commands But here now by the way too much preaching upon the head of a Company concerning matters of Exercise is too much a dulling of the souldier who rather would fall into action then so to be confounded with much talking Close Order may be of very good use also for most things which have been spoken of the closest Order only here the souldier hath a little more liberty in the handling of his arms by being at a wider distance This distance also is of good use before wheelings because many times upon their moving they are apt to flie out to their proper distance of Order which they alwayes should be at in their wheelings where note if first they were at Order they would flie out to wider distance Order is the distance which the souldier doth fight upon and is to be used skirmishing against an enemy it is also useful at such a time when the Drum shall beat a Troop and that the souldiers are marching to relieve some Court of Guard or making some expedition against an enemy for then they are in a fit capacity of distance for to fight It is also very useful and to be observed upon facings for all intire doublings and for wheelings Order likewise in File and open Order in Rank is to be used at such time when the Drum shall beat a March and the Body upon the moving or marching Open Order is the distance proper for all doublings of Ranks and Files by the half-half-files or by the bringers-up wherein they have interval of ground sufficient to move in It is also a very proper distance for facings and ever to be observed in time of Counter-marches It is the properest distance for the Ranks to be in upon a march but the Files are then to be at Order as is before exprest The use of double Distance is to be observed at such times when the souldiers shall stand or happen to be in some eminent danger of the Cannon-shot from the Enemy for standing then so thin they may be much preserved from danger it is likewise very good for Inversion and Conversion You may take notice of these brief directions in openings of Ranks and Files when the Files are commanded to Open to the right the left-hand File stands and all the Files take their distance from the left observing alwayes in the motions of Files their Leaders and to move altogether along with them If it be an opening of Files to the left then contrary-wise the right-hand File stands and they take their distance from the right So likewise for closings unto what hand soever they be commanded to close the out-most File is to stand the rest are to move and close to that In opening or closing of Ranks the first Rank is alwayes to stand the rest are to move either opening or closing according as is commanded alwayes observing in their motions their right-hand-men and moving altogether CHAP. XXII Directions of the way and manner of drawing up a private Company THe Postures being formerly described forth the dignity of places in a File and words of Command made known unto the souldier for their several distances It next followeth to shew the joyning of Files and drawing up a Company where first pray mind at such times when the Drums are beating about the Quarters and in several places make Proclamation as by order from their Captain for all Gentlemen Souldiers that are under his Command to repair unto his Randezvous unto such a place and at such an hour then it must be the immediate care of every Officer under his Command punctually at that hour and place thither to repair for the more incouraging of the souldiers as they shall come in and not to stir themselves from thence without some order from their Captain for fear of giving bad examples unto others And when they shall perceive some considerable number of men to come in the Serjeants then may take advice with their Lieutenant and Ensign which of them they will appoint out to draw forth the Muskettiers and which the Pikes and whom they shall make the right-hand File-leader of the Muskettiers and who shall be the left and again who
by Counter-march or by a Wheeling to bring their best Souldiers there to fight and likewise being debarred of room that they cannot double it nevertheless Facings are of such excellent use that they may with ease although standing at close Order turn every particular face to charge upon that part where they shall be assaulted by an enemy and farther this motion is performed with more facility then all the rest of the motions For in the others they alter the form of the Battail or changeth the place but in this they preserve both and it is ready for any attempt of an enemy if they should be charged all at once in Front Reer right and left Flanks they may be commanded so to face as to answer them all in every one of their charges Facings likewise are so necessary that they can hardly be spared in any other of the motions having relation in one kind or other to them all for to be used There is likewise farther to be understood that there are Entire-Facings and divisional Entire Facings are when they turn their Aspects all one way Divisional Facings are when they divert or turn their faces several ways as to the Front Reer and both Flanks all at one instant of time as shall be commanded There are likewise facings to the Front and Reer Angles that is to say of their outward and inward Angles Outward Angles are when they are commanded to face to the right Angle or to the left or both facing to the inward Angles as when they are commanded so as to face to the inward Angles towards the midst of Files There is likewise facing to the inward Angles towards the midst of Ranks as to the Center where note when there is any use of these Facings unto the inward Angles it is occasioned by some former words of command that hath made some large intervals in the midst of Ranks or Files and therefore they may give them such commands as these for to open or stand so that they may march and close again as at first This Facing to the Center I do conceive to be very useful when the Captain or Leader hath any thing of importance to speak unto the Company they standing at close order he may side-wise move down into the midst of the Ranks and Files and command them to face all to the Center they standing all round about him so close cannot chuse but hear and know what his pleasure and command will be and in obedience thereunto be very ready in performance for the execution of the same But before I come to set down the words of Command for Facings I shall desire all Leaders not to tye themselves up so as not to begin in their Exercise to command Facings until they have brought the Souldiers to stand at open order both in Rank and File as if it were not proper for them to command them to face till then Therefore rather for the reasons before set forth command them to chuse upon such close Distances to face that they may know the true use of them and at such times when they want ground that the other motions cannot be performed CHAP. XXVIII The words of Command for Facings Face to the RIght Left To both Flanks Right about Left about To Front and Reer Midst of Files Midst of Ranks Right Angle Left Angle Outward Angles in the Front Inward Angles in the Front Right Angle in the Reer Left Angle in the Reer Outward Angles in the Reer Inward Angles in the Reer Inward Angles of the right Flank Inward Angles of the left Flank Outward Angles both of Front and Reer Inward Angles both of Front and Reer Inward Angles of both the Flanks to the Center Front Reer and both Flanks from the Center To the outward Angles of Front and Reer from the Center As you were or To your Leader Having concluded the words of Command for performing of plain Facings there must be notice taken when any word of Command shall be given to face to any of the Reer-Angles they must be first faced to the Reer and they will make more easier performance of the same and likewise if any word of Command be given to face to the inward Angles upon the Flanks they must face them there likewise first and it will be easier fulfilled and likewise if any command be given to face to the four Angles or to Front Reer and Midst from the Center care must be first had that they may be first faced to the Center I might have proceeded a great deal farther in this place upon this Subject of Facings to have shewn several figures of Battail that might be produced and drawn forth affording much variety of forms and number and with much ease to be performed upon their several marchings according as they are ordered to face which might be very useful for service and affording much matter for any particular Exercise to use several firings upon the same But I shall have occasion in another place to make use of divers of them and setting them forth in the view when I shall begin to set down in any particular Leadings of my own which I have performed in our private meetings at Town-Ditch in London every Thursday-morning for the satisfaction of those loving Gentlemen who still do Exercise there and to such which shall come after CHAP. XXIX The many variety of Doublings with their parts and uses set forth for the practice of any Commander to make use of according unto his own discretion SInce there is in the true account no other dimension of a Battail but the Length and Depth so likewise it is to be understood that the Length of the Battail is doubled by the doublings of Ranks and half-Files and the Depth of the Battail is doubled by the doubling of Files and of the half-Ranks Now there are several Words of Command for the performance of each of these as to double Ranks and Files which do consist either of the doubling of number of men and persons and not of place or else the doubling both of number and place As for Example command either the Ranks the half-files or Bringers-up to double the Front to the right here only is the doubling of number of men and not of place for it adds but one man more to that hand whereunto they were commanded and gains but his particular place Again double Ranks to any hand entire or double the Front by the half-Files to the right entire it will be not only a doubling of the number of men but a doubling of the place and the Length of the Battail The use of doubling the Length of the Battail may be for two Reasons the one to over-wing an Enemy the other to avoid over-winging our selves Yet there must be care taken that in doubling of the Length that we fail not or be too weak in our Depth for the want of both either Length or Depth may be very dangerous to our selves and
whereby they may fire upon the Enemy as he marcheth by Or approaching against any Fort or place of danger they may daringly make a large Front and firing upon them after filing to the right or left making large Intervals they much preserve themselves from the danger of the great shot proceeding from the Enemy Again Ranks ranking either in equal or unequal parts is of singular good use upon a narrow passage where they can march but two three four or six abrest the Commander notwithstanding they marched before twenty abrest may by it bring them to such small numbers whereby he may much preserve them in time of imminent danger and peril To dwell no longer upon this discourse Inversion and Conversion many times require larger distance then any other of the Motions as sometimes double distance or twice double distance wherefore being so many occasions for the use of them both I hold it requisite for a Leader frequently to practise his Souldiers in them no part of the Art Military affording more commendations to the Souldiers that shall readily and handsomly perform the same Briefly therefore passing over what might be more spoken concerning them I shall in the next place set them all forth in their full view leaving every discreet Souldier to his own liberty to make use of as many of them as he shall think fit and to use them after what manner he pleaseth CHAP. XXXIX The words of Command for Ranks ranking and Files ranking to the Front they being twelve abrest and six deep Command RAnks rank to the right 2 3 4 or 6 as occasion shall require Direction If to two the two outmost men upon the right are to move away the next two to fall behind them until the first Rank hath made six Ranks and the rest doing the like until the first six Ranks are become thirty six Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the left the first Rank is to stand the rest are to move away two and two until they have made up twelve in one Rank and the rest are to do the like until they are made up all again as at first or command Ranks rank as you were The same rule is to be observed if you rank to any of the other numbers to divide them accordingly Command Ranks rank three to the left Direction The first three men upon the left are to move away the next three are to fall in behind toward the left until the first Rank have made four Ranks the rest are to do the like until they have made them 24 Ranks Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right the first Rank is to stand the rest are to move forth by three and three until they have made twelve in one Rank the rest are to do the like until they be as they were at first or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank three to the right and left outward Direction The three outmost men of the first Rank upon the right and the three outmost men upon the left move away the next three of each hand in the same Rank are to do the like and every Rank throughout to follow successively dividing themselves three to one hand and three to the other until they have made twelve Ranks in each Division and falling in the Reer successively to each hand of the first Rank Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right and left inward or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank intire to the right into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the right and move away every Rank placing it self successively to the right until they stand all in one Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the left the first 12 men upon the left are to stand the next 12 are to face to the left and to move and fall in the Reer of the first and so consequently all the rest or else to command Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank intire to the left into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the left and move until they have successively placed themselves and made one intire Rank into the Front Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right the 12 outmost men upon the right stand the rest face to the right and move making 12 in every Rank or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank outward into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face outward and place your selves successively into the Front facing after to your Leader Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right and left inward the 12 middlemost men stand the rest face inward and move ranking 12 successively behind the first Rank and after facing to their Leader and to even their Ranks Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Direction The first Rank is to move away to the right and left the next Rank moving up into his ground doing the like and consequently so all the rest until the last Rank be come up intire into the Front Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward the first six upon the right and the first six upon the left stand the rest move outward falling in the Reer of the first Rank ranking six to the right and left and after closing their Divisions Command Files rank to the right into the Front Direction Files open to the left to your double Distance and Ranks close forwards to Close Order and move up to the right into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the left the first six upon the left are to fall into a File the rest doing the like until you have made 12 Files as at first or command Ranks file as you were Command Files rank to the left into the Front Direction Every man is to move forward to the left into the Front beginning from the Leader of the Files and moving up successively making one intire Rank Reducement Ranks file six to the right the six outmost men upon the right are to fall into a File the rest in like manner are to do the same or Ranks file as you were Command Files rank outward into the Front Direction Right and left Half-ranks close into the midst to Close order after move to the right and left outward until they be come up into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward the middle men are to stand the rest are to move side-ways to the right and left inward and to file as before commanded or Ranks file as you were Command Files rank inward into the Front Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double distance and Files move up to the right and left entire into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward the outmost men stand the rest move to the right and left outward filing according to Command and after to close their Divisions CHAP. XL. Ranks ranking into the Front by Countermarch Command RAnks rank entire into
the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man Direction The first Rank stand the rest move away to the right successively into the Front placing themselves on the outside of their right-hand-men Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the left every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man the first twelve upon the left are to stand the rest are successively to fall in behind the first Rank placing themselves as before commanded or Ranks rank as you were placing your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Command Ranks rank entire to the left into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Direction The first Rank stand the rest move away to the left successively placing your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man or Ranks rank as you were every man placing himself as before Command Ranks rank outward into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction The first Rank stand the rest move forth to the right and left and successively to fall into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man the twelve middle men are to stand the rest are to move to the right and left inward six to one hand and six to the other making twelve in Rank and falling behind the first Command Ranks rank inward into the Front every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double Distance the first Rank of each Division is to stand the rest are to move successively to the right and left inward into the Front making one entire rank Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man the first Rank of each Division stand the rest move to the right and left outward ranking as before commanded falling successively in the reer of the first rank and after to close their Divisions CHAP. XLI Files ranking into the Front by Wheeling Command FIles rank to the right into the Front by wheeling The Files are to be at double distance and ranks at close a Order Direction Face to the right and wheel to the left until they stand even abrest in one entire Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the left by wheeling face all to the Reer and the first six men then upon the right wheel to the right and so consequently all the rest wheeling by fixes to the right their Leaders that were before being the hinges of the motion and after face to their Leader Command Files rank to the left into the Front by wheeling Direction Face to the left and wheel to the right until they make all one entire Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right by wheeling face to the Reer and the six outmost men upon the left wheel to the left the next six are to follow and consequently all the rest until they have made twelve Files as at the first and after face to their Leader Command Files rank outward into the Front by wheeling Direction Right and left half-Ranks close into the midst to Order and face outward wheeling to the right and left until you are one entire Rank Reducement Rank file six to the right and left inward by wheeling face about to the right and the twelve middlemost men are to wheel to the right and left inward and the rest are likewise to do the same by Sixes until they have made themselves into twelve Files after face to their Leader Command Files rank inward into the Front by wheeling Direction Right and left half-Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and wheel to the right and left inward until they are all in one Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks File six to the right and left outward face all about and wheel by Sixes to the right and left the Leaders being the hinges of the Motion after face to the Front and right and left half-Ranks may close into the midst again to their double distance Here endeth the ranking into the Front with all their several kinds the Reer challengeth next place but I shall spare the pains and labour to set them down in regard that he who hath a mind to rank his men thither may if he please make use of all the former words of Command for the performance of the same facing them upon every Command to the Reer I come therefore in the next place only to mention the ranking into the midst by Ranks and Files which may likewise be performed by the former words of Command provided they have convenient distance and be faced to the midst and after the Command is executed to face them to their first Front Yet there is remaining a ranking unto all these places at once for the performance of which observe these few words of Command following CHAP. XLII Ranks ranking or Files ranking at one and the same time into Front Reer and Midst They are to stand at Order in Rank and File Command RAnks rank outward into the Front Reer and Midst Direction The two last Ranks are to face about the first Rank and the last Rank and the third Rank from the Front are to stand the other three are to move forth six to the right and six to the left until they have ranked unto all these places after face to the Front and the last Rank moving f r ward to open Order Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward the last Rank face about the twelve middlemost men of each Rank are to stand the six outmost men of each Rank are to face inward to move and fall into the right and left behind the middlemost men after the two last Ranks are to face to the Front Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst Direction Right and left half-Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance the two last Ranks face to the Reer the first and last Rank and the third Rank from the Front stand the rest move to the right and left inward ranking into Front Reer and Midst after that the last Rank is to face to the Front and to close forward to open Order Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward the last Rank face about and the outmost six men upon each Rank are to stand and the middle men are to divide themselves six to the right hand and six to the left and to fall in the Reer of the first last and middle Rank after the last Rank is to face to the Front and then to close Ranks and Files
to their Order Ranks ranking by Countermarch Command Ranks rank outward into the Front Reer and Midst every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction The two last Ranks face about the first and last Rank and the third Rank from the Front stand the rest move forth to the right and left ranking into Front Reer and Midst placing themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men face to your Leader Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward placing your selves on the inside of your right and left-hand-men the last Rank face about the twelve middlemost men in each Rank are to stand and the outmost six men in each Rank are to move to the right and left inward placing themselves in the Reer of the former Ranks and on the inside of their right and left-hand-men facing to their Leader Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Right and left half-Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance standing then at Order in each division in Rank and File the two last Ranks face about and the first last and third Rank from the Front stand the rest move inward placing themselves on the inside of their right and left-hand-men after the last Rank may face about and move forward to open Order Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man the last Rank face about the six outmost men of each Rank stand and the twelve middlemost men in each Rank are to divide themselves six to the right and six to the left falling in the Reer of the outmost men placing themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men after face to the Front and Ranks and Files close to the midst to Order Of Files ranking into Front Reer and Midst Command FIles rank outward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The two last Ranks face about the first last and third Rank from the Front stand the rest move to the right and left after the manner of doubling of Ranks and rank to Front Reer and Midst as before commanded and after the last Rank face to the Front closing forward to Order Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward the last Rank face about and the even men from the midst of Files are to fall in behind the odd after the manner of doubling Files to the right and left inward and after the two last Ranks are to face to the Front Command Files rank inward into Front Reer and Midst Direction They standing at the distance of Order in Rank and File command right and left Half-ranks to open from the Midst something more then to open Order after the two last Ranks are to face about and the first last and third Rank from the Front are to stand the rest are to move to the right and left inward after the manner of doubling Ranks to the right and left inward after the last Rank is to face to the Front and to close forwards to open Order Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward the last Rank face about and every man from the Flanks is to move outward after the manner of doubling Files to the right and left outward then the two last Ranks are to face to the Front and the whole Body may close their Ranks and Files into the Midst to Order CHAP. XLIII Of Files ranking by Wheeling Command FIles rank outward into Front Reer and Midst The Ranks must be at Close Order and the Files at Open Order for these three words of Command following and it would be better to divide them into three Divisions that is to say between every two Ranks to have some six foot of ground interval that they may more distinctly perform the same by Wheeling Direction The two last Ranks face about after face all outward and wheel to the right and left by two and two until they be ranked into Front Reer and Midst the last Rank may after move forwards unto the same distance the former stands at being first faced to their Leader Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward by wheeling the first two Ranks face about and then every particular Rank to wheel by two and two towards the midst of Files until they have made twelve Files as at first and after face all to the Front Command Files rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst something more then to open Order the two last Ranks of each Division face about after face all inward and wheel by two and two to the right and left until they have ranked into Front and Reer and Midst to the right and left inward the last Rank is after to face to the Front taking his distance conformable to the rest Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward by wheeling the two first Ranks face about and each particular Rank is to wheel by two's towards the Flanks until they have made twelve Files as at first after facing all to the Front and closing their Ranks and Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank inward into the midst by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and let them know that the Bringers-up of the Front half-Half-files and the Half-file-Leaders are the hinges of the Motion after face them to the Front and they will be in two Ranks Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward by wheeling the last Rank face about and both Ranks wheel to the right and left by threes until they have made twelve Files as at first after face all to the Front and close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank outward into the Front and Reer by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks close into the midst to Order after face outward and wheel to the right and left the Bringers-up and the Leaders are the hinges of the Motion and when they are brought into two Ranks one in the Front and the other in the Reer face them to the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward by wheeling the first Rank face about and both Ranks are to wheel by threes towards the midst of Files until they have filed according unto Command after facing to their Leader evening their Ranks and straightning their Files And thus much of Conversion or Ranks ranking or Files ranking they having more variety in them then many times can be useful except it be to present unto the Souldiers some things that are new in the Motions which many times they love to see I could upon this Subject have much more enlarged my self but conceiving what is already set down may be sufficient for
the knowledge of any intelligible Souldier I come therefore briefly to treat of Inversion or of Ranks filing and Files filing CHAP. XLIV Of Ranks filing or of Files filing or of Inversion with their several sorts and kinds Command FIles file to the right Direction The right-hand File is to move away clear of the standing part and after the next File to fall in the Reer of the first and consequently so all the rest until they become one File Reducement File-leaders lead up your Files to the left or Files file six to the left Command Files file to the right entire advancing Direction The right-hand File stand the rest move away successively placing themselves in one direct File before the Front Reducement Files file six to the right into the Reer face all about or Files file six to the right towards the Front Command Files file inward into the right Flank Direction Half-files face about and the outmost Files then upon the left as they are so faced are to move away forward and consequently all the rest are to fall in behind them the like is to be performed by the Front the outmost File at the same time is to move away and the rest successively falling in until they have made one entire File after they are to face to the Front Reducement Front Half-file file three to the left Reer Half-file face about and file three to the right face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Files file to the right by Division Direction Half-files face about the outmost File upon the right is to stand the rest are to move forward and to place themselves successively into one entire File going forward after each other and after face to the Front Reducement Front-half-files file three to the right and Reer-half-files face about and file three to the left face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Ranks file to the right every man placing himself behind his right-hand-man Ranks filing by way of Counter-march Direction This may be done marching or standing if marching the right-hand-man of the first Rank doth first move away the rest in the same Rank do fall in behind him and consequently all the rest until they make one intire File if upon a Stand the Ranks are to open backward to such a Distance as they may conveniently fall into one File Reducement Files rank 12 to the left or Files rank as you were Command Ranks file to the right advancing every man placing himself before his right-hand-man Direction The outmost File stand The Ranks are to be at twice double Distance the Files at order the rest are to move forward with their right leg placing themselves before the right-hand-man Reducement Files rank 12 to the left or Files rank as you were Command Ranks file to the right every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction The Half-files are to face about onely the right-hand-file is to stand the rest are to move forward filing to the right Flank every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up face to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files rank 12 to the right Reer-half-files face about and rank 12 to the left face to your Leader close your Divisions Command Ranks file inward into the right Flank every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files face about Front and Reer-half-files are to march to such convenient distance as the Ranks may fall into the midst of the right Flank after they are to face about or to face to the midst of Ranks and then they are to move forward into the right Flank every man placing himself as before commanded and after face to their Leader Reducement Front-half-files rank 12 to the left Reer-half-files face about and rank 12 to the right face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Files file to the right every man placing himself behind his Bringer-up Files fâ—ling by way of Counter-march Direction The outmost File stand the rest face about and move forward each particular File to the left placing themselves behind their Right-hand-file and their Bringers-up Reducement Files file six to the left every man placing himself before his Leader Command Files file to the right every man placing himself before his Leader Direction The Right-hand-file stand the rest move forwards every File successively placing themselves before their Leaders and their Right-hand-file Reducement Files file six to the right into the Reer every man placing himself before his Bringer-up face all about the last six men stand the rest are to move and to file six to the right placing themselves before their Bringers-up and after to face to the Front Command Files file to the right Flank by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files face about the Right-hand-file is to stand the rest are to move forward to the right Flank placing themselves before their Leaders and their Bringers-up making one intire File to the right face to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files face about and file three to the right every man placing himself before his Bringer-up and Reer-half-files file three to the left placing your selves before your Leaders face to your Leader Command Files file inward into the right Flank every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files move forward until there be sufficient Distance to file into the right Flank after face them about to the midst of Ranks then the files may move successively into the right Flank placing themselves before their Leaders and their Bringers-up face to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files file three to the left every man placing himself before his Leader and Reer-half-files face about and file three to the right every man placing himself before his Bringer-up face to your Leader and close your Divisions CHAP. XLV Ranks wheeling into the Flanks They ought to be at twice double Distance in rank and at Close order in file Command RAnks wheel to the right into the right Flank Direction Every particular Rank is to wheel to their right hand until they have brought their Aspects unto the right Flank after face to the Front Reducement Files rank 12 to the right the first man is to stand the rest are to move forward to the right successively 12 in a Rank to the right Command Ranks wheel to the left to the right Flank Direction Face all about and Ranks wheel to the left until you have brought your Aspects unto the right Flank face to your Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the left the first man is to stand the rest are to move forwards making up 12 abrest to the left until they have made six Ranks as at first Command Ranks wheel outward to the right Flank Direction Half-files face about the first three Ranks wheel to the right and the three last Ranks wheel to the
lie under the censure my self of mispending time I come therefore briefly in the next place to treat of Wheelings being a subject more profitable for the intelligible Souldier CHAP. LV. Of Wheelings with their several uses HAving proceeded thus far in shewing all the several sorts and kinds of Military Motions it will now in the next place be expected that I speak somewhat of Wheelings and as formerly so now to set before the Souldier their several kinds and uses Wherefore take notice of two sorts Wheelings Angular and VVheelings on the Center which latter is commonly called the Prince of Orange his VVheeling being acted or performed by the Souldier two several ways that is to say Intire or Divisional Intire VVheelings to the Angles are when the Souldiers turn their Aspects from the Front proper to either of the Flanks or Reer whereby they may gain the VVind or Sun or some like advantage bringing their best Souldiers thither for to encounter an Enemy For the better performance of this Motion it will be convenient to close Ranks and Files into the midst to order and to keep their due distance both in Rank and File observing in their Ranks their right and left-hand-men following their Leaders always conforming themselves in their Motion to the most commendable Posture which is Pikes advanced Muskets poysed Wheeling the Battail on the Center is when they are so straightened with ground that they have not room to wheel to the right or left as in the former which gaineth as much more ground before the Front as formerly they stood on This Wheeling brings their best Souldiers to either of the Flanks or Reer I could wish that this Wheeling were more often practised amongst us for by it the Souldiers are better kept together in their Motion being not so apt to flie out as in the former Divisional Wheelings provided they have sufficient number of men are of singular good use to encounter several Enemies at one and the same time which the Front of our Battalia bringing our best Souldiers for to skirmish with them It is likewise useful to bring either Arms into Front Reer or both the Flanks for suppose the Muskettiers to be upon the Flanks and fearing a desperate charge of the Horse to fall upon them by a Division of Wheeling the Pikes are thither brought to receive their on-set and in the mean space the Muskettiers have time to recruit their Bandiliers again Much more might be spoken but my intent is not to fill my Book with impertinent discourses knowing what is already spoken is sufficient for the intelligible Souldier CHAP. LVI Intire Wheelings Command WHeel your Battail to the Right Left Right Left about Direction The right or the left-hand-men in the Front are the hinges of these Motions the rest have a greater compass to march then they to bring their Aspects unto the place commanded following their Leaders Command Wheel your Battail on the same ground to the Right Left Right Left about Direction The Left-half-ranks moveth forwards wheeling to the right and the right Half-ranks contrariwise faceth to the left side-wise falling backward moving still unto the place commanded CHAP. LVII Divisional Wheelings Command WHeel the Battail off by Division from the Front Direction Turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail off by Division from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail inward to the Reer Direction Open from the midst to convenient distance and turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail inward to the Front from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer open from the midst and wheel inward to the Front Command Wheel off the Body by Division from the right Flank Direction Face to the right Command Wheel off the Body by Division from the left Flank Direction Face to the left Command VVheel the Body inward to the left Flank from the right Direction Face to the right and open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the left Flank Command Wheel the body inward to the right Flank from the left Direction Face to the left and open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the right Flank Command VVheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by Division Direction Half-files face about Front Reer-half-files turn off by Division Command Wheel your Front and Reer-half-files inward to the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the midst of Ranks Command Wheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by Division from the midst of Ranks Direction Front-half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files wheel off to the right and left by Division Command Wheel Front and Reer-half-files inward both to the Front and Reer from the midst of Ranks Direction Front-half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files open from the midst to convenient distance and wheel inward into Front and Reer Command Wheel off your right and left Half-ranks by Division Direction Face outward and wheel off to the right and left by Division Command Wheel your right and left Half-ranks inward to the midst of Files Direction Face outward and open to the right and left to convenient distance to wheel inward to the midst of Files Command Wheel off your right and left Half-ranks by Division from the midst of Files Direction Face inward and cause them to move backward to convenient distance to wheel off by Division from the midst of Files Command Wheel your right and left Half-ranks inward to both Flanks from the midst of Files Direction Face inward and open to the right and left to convenient distance to wheel inward to both Flanks Command Wheel the outward Angles to the right and left about to the Center Direction Face to the outward Angles and close Ranks and Files to close order and the Angles on the right turn off to the right the Angles on the left turn off to the left Command Wheel the inward Angles to the right and left about inward from the Center Direction Face to the inward Angles or to the Center and wheel about to the right and left inward from the Center These are all the intire and divisional Wheelings that have hitherto been practised by any according to my best observation there are other Wheelings which may properly be term'd Doublings which I have placed amongst the Doublings where they more properly belong Now if any shall demand of me a reason why I have omitted the Reducements to each particular Command my answer thereunto is easie for as in the Counter-marches so in these they may be reduced by three or four words of Command except a Commander shall of set purpose keep them off from the same to make some experiment After any wheeling is performed face them after to the first Front and command them to even their Ranks and straighten their Files they will
6 7  2 3   4     5   Command The Middle-rank double inward File-wise and move a little forward  1   8  7  6 6  3  4   5  Command Half-file of the middle file double your Front to the left Front-division face to the right and move one pace to your Leader  4 1   5 8  7   2 6   3 Command The left-hand-File in the Front face about and march clear of the Reer face to your Leader The middle File double to the left Rank-wise Files close into the midst to Order Files rank outward into the Reer and then begin from the right to wheel them about to the left in a Ring   1    2  8  3    7  4  6    5   Command Files close into the midst to Order the first Rank close inward to colse Order the third Rank open outward to open Order the last man in the Reer move even abrest with the Rank that is before you    1      2  8    3    7  4   5   6 Command Files open to the right and left until you stand straight with your Bringers-up the rest moving forwards until they have ranged even abrest with the first man 2 1 8 3  7 4 5 6 Command Angle-men face to the four Angles the middle-men in the outmost Files face inward the middle-man in the Front face about march ail three paces Face to your Leader 2    8   1    3  7    5   4    6 Reducement The last man in the Reer of the middle File face about middle File march clear of the standing part Files close into the midst to Order the last man in the Reer fall in the Reer of the right-hand-right-hand-File the first man in the Front move to the left and fall in the Front of the left-hand-file close your Ranks and Files forward to Order and make an even Front Files double your depth to the left every man falling behind his bringer-up reduceth them CHAP. LXIX The way to make twelve several Figures of Battail with a File ten deep with their Reducement Command FAce to the right and wheel your Front into the midst Face after to your Leader 5 4 3 2 1 6 7 8 9 10 Command The last men in the Reer of the outmost Files face about outmost Files move clear of the standing part face inwards and close your Divisions to your Leader  5  1  4  3  2 7  8  9  6  10  Command The last man of the middle File and the last Rank face about the first Rank and the last Rank and the middle File move forwards two paces the rest open outward two paces to your Leader  5  1    3   4    2 7    9   8    6  10  Command The last man in the Front-division advance forward three foot before the Front the first man of the Reer-division face about and move three foot behind the Reer the outmost Files double ranks inward Ranks close forwards to Order and face to your Leader    3      5  1   4 7    9 2   6  10      8    Command The first man in the Front face about the last man in the Reer stand the rest face outwards march all until the first and the last man meet face all to your Leader middle-men double to the Right rank-wise and close outward to Order  5   1  4 7 3 8 9 2  6   10  The two middle-men in the Body face about and move cleer of the Reer three foot face to your Leader middle-men of the outmost Files close inward to order  5   1  4  7 9  2  6   10    3 8   Command Middle-man upon the right of the second Rank advance forward three foot before the Front the three first men in the Front and middle-man of the second Ranks move forwards three paces the rest closing inward one pace    9      5  1      7    4      2  6    10    3  8   Command The last Rank open outward to double distance and the next Rank open outward to open Order and the third Rank from the Reer to close inward to Order     9       5    1       7        4  2     6      10  3        8 Command The second man from the Front face about move down and range even with the Reer outmost men of the last Rank advance forward and range even with the second Ranks from the Front the last Rank move forwards until they have exceeded three foot the next Rank that stands before them Divisions on the Wings face outward move two paces to your Leader     9        5  1     6      10  3  4    2  8     7     Command Front-division face about and march down even with the Reer the last man move forwards to order to your Leader  6   9   10  3  4 5  1 2  8     7     Command Middle-division advance forward cleer of the standing part Divisions in the Reer close inwards to order wheel your Reer into the midst to your Leader    9      5  1      7     4    2  6      10  3    8  Command The last Rank close inward to order and to double to the left File-wise the second man from the Reer move forwards into the second Rank that is before you    9      5  1      7     4  3  2  6      10    8    Reducement The first man in
Reer and then give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the Muskettiers move forwards and the inmost Division rank outward into Front and Reer and then give Fire altogether and file as they were the Pikes may charge whilst they make ready and fall into their places again they may continue upon this Firing a second time The third firing Let the Muskettiers and the two outmost men of the Pikes face to both Flanks and likewise the Middle-divisions of Pikes are to face to both Flanks after this manner the first two of the Reer-division are to face to the right and the two last men of the Front-division are to face to the left then let the Muskettiers give fire to both Flanks and the Pikes may after charge to the Front Reer and both Flanks until the Muskettiers make ready again this Firing may be continued twice to your Leader Command The outmost single men of Muskettiers in the Front-divion face about the two outmost men of Muskettiers both of Front and Reer-divisions move forward and close to order face to your Leader and close inward to open Order The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down into the Reer the rest moving up successively giving Fire and falling off in like manner this may be continued twice over then face them to the Reer and let the Muskettiers rank to the right and left outward The second firing Let the first Rank of each Division give Fire and fall off to the right and left in manner and form of the former Firing until they have Fired twice over then to file as they were and face to their Leader Command Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes move to the right one pace the second Division of Pikes move forward and double the Front to the left the second Division of Pikes from the Reer face about move down and double the Pikes in the Reer to the left to your Leader Middle-divisions of Muskettiers open outward to twice double distance face all to the Center and march two or three paces to your Leader The first firing The three last Divisions face to the Reer the two outmost men both of Pikes and Muskettiers face to the Flanks then let them all give Fire and fall in the Reer of the Pikes the Pikes may charge while the Muskettiers make ready again The second firing Let the Muskettiers move forth and give Fire as at first and after fall in again The third firing Let them give Fire by Extraduction and fall again in the Reer of the Pikes The fourth firing Let the Pikes charge the Horse and the Muskettiers give Fire altogether over their heads then move forth into their first places and face to their Leader Command Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers open outward to double distance the outmost men of Pikes close inward to open order the third Rank of Pikes from the Front face about the third Rank of Pikes from the Front and the third Rank of Pikes from the Reer move forwards to order face to your Leader Front and Reer-divisions stand the rest face outward and move two paces to your Leader The first firing Let the first Divisions Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheeling off to the right and left into the place of those Muskettiers in the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their places and firing falling off in like manner the Muskettiers may give Fire on the ground they stand falling in the Reer of themselves This firing being twice performed we proceed to another The second firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers and those upon the Flanks give Fire and fall in the midst of Pikes in the mean time the last Division of Pikes may open outward until they be cleer of the standing part then let Pikes charge all whilst the Muskettiers make ready again This firing may be performed twice after which let them move forth into their places again and face to Front and Reer and give Fire and fall off in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge which being ended face them to their Leader Command The last Rank of Pikes of the Middle-division face about middle-division of Pikes move forward until you range even abrest with the midst of the Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes to your Leader the last man of the outmost divisions of Muskettiers face about outmost-men move forward three paces and face to your Leader Ranks of the Front and Reer-divisions open from the midst to open order Reer-divisions move forward two paces The first firing Let them Fire to the Front and fall in between the Pikes this may be done twice after which face to the Front and Reer and Fire there in the same manner then let Pikes and Muskettiers intercharge ground let them give Fire altogether unto Front and Reer then facing about interchange ground with the Pikes who are to charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready then retreating let them all face outwards and they will stand in form like a Saw after they have moved two paces The second firing Let the Muskettiers give Fire altogether to both Flanks and the Pikes to charge on after retreating they may order their Arms and face all to their Leader Reducement The outmost Muskettiers upon the Flanks move to right and left inward placing themselves in the midst of their own divisions the outmost men of Pikes to stand the rest to double Ranks to the left and the first Rank of Pikes to double to the right File-wise and the second Rank from the Reer to double to the left File-wise after let the outmost men of Pikes double their inmost Files into the midst then moving forward their divisions evening their Front closing Files to the midst to order they are reduced And now we will lodge our Colours and repose our selves until by the beat of the Drum we shall be summon'd to make our appearance CHAP. XII The third Exercise with four Files six deep BEing the third time brought into the Field compleatly arm'd where being drawn forth into Files and by the Leaders thereof exercised as before they are commanded to lead up their Files yet not presuming to place themselves but leaves that to the discretion of their Superiour Officers who knows best the desert of each particular man But by the way give me leave in this place to tell the Souldiers and Leaders of our private Meetings that this decorum is not rightly observed the Souldier thinking himself wiser then his Leader presumes to chop and change by Counter-marching of his File making some part of the Reer to be more honourable then the Front which cannot be for the youngest Souldier there is of more honor then the eldest in the Reer in regard it is the more honorable part of the Battalia therefore it is plain that they take more upon them then becomes them for no File-leader
ought to meddle with his File in matter of motions without consent of the superior Officers neither ought the Leader either through favour or out of malice when all the Files are joyned into one compleat Body to Countermarch the Files and after proceeding to other Motions depriving thereby the Leaders thereof of their due honour for else why just in the time of Exercise or Marching should one single File as the right or left be Countermarched if he bore not malice to some thrusting them by this unsouldier-like way out of their places and through favour or affection often times putting men of little desert into their places To leave this discourse not pleasing to some let the Commander draw forth one File of Pikes and double it by the Half-file and send a Serjeant to fetch the Colours and after closing his Ranks and Files to Order he may begin to make some alteration in the exercising of them in their Motions spending his time altogether upon Inversion and Conversion CHAP. XIII Thirty several Words of Command of Inversion and Conversion Command RAnks rank entire to the left into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the left and successively move into the Front Command Ranks rank four to the left Direction The first four upon the left stand the rest face to the left and by fours fall successively behind the first four upon the left Command Files rank outward into the Front Direction The inmost Files stand the rest open outward to double distance and after rank outward into the Front Command Ranks file three to the right and left outward by wheeling Direction The three outmost men upon the right and left wheel to the right and left outward the rest doing the like by threes after close into the midst to Order and face to their Leader Command Files rank inward into the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and move to the right and left inward into the Reer to your Leader Command Ranks file six to the right and left outward advancing Direction The outmost man upon the right and left stand the rest move outward until they be six in a File and the next outmost men are to stand the other doing the like and after close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank inward into the midst of Ranks Direction Front half-Half-files face about and right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to double distance the rest open outward to Order and move to the right and feft inward to the midst of Ranks to your Leader and close Files inward to Order Command Ranks file 12 to the right and left inward every man placing himself before the Leaders and Bringers up of the middle Files Direction Ranks open backward to double distance the middle File stand the rest advance forwards and file twelve to the right and left inward placing themselves before the Leaders and Bringers-up of the middle Files Command Files rank six to the right and left inward Direction Files open from the midst to double distance and move three to the right and three to the left inward until you have made four Ranks six abrest after close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks rank outward into Front and Reer every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction half-Half-Files face about and rank to the right and left outward into Front and Reer as is commanded face to your Leader and close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks file 12 to the right and left inward every man placing himself behind the Leaders and Bringers-up of the middle Files Direction Ranks open backward to double distance the middle Files stand the rest move side-ways to the right and left and place your selves behind the Leaders and Bringers up of the middle Files Command Files rank six to the right and left inward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The three last Ranks of the Front and Reer half-Half-files face about and Files open outward to double distance and move to the right and left inward into Front Reer and Midst making four Ranks six abrest after face to your Leader and close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks rank outward into the Midst Direction Front half-Half-files face about and move outward and rank to the Midst and face to your Leader Command Ranks wheel to the right and left outward Direction half-Half-files face about and wheel to the right and left outward into both the Flanks face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank six to the right and left outward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The three last Ranks of the Front and Reer half-Half-files face about and rank outward three to the right and three to the left into Front Reer and Midst face to your Leader and close Ranks and Files to their distance of Order Command Ranks file to the right entire advancing Direction The outmost File stand the rest move forward and file to the right entire advancing Command Files rank three to the right Direction The first three men from the Front rank three to the right the rest successively doing the same closing Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks wheel to the left Direction Ranks open backward to open Order and wheel to the left Command Files rank six to the left Direction The first six men rank six to the left the rest successively doing the same until they have made four Ranks six abrest then close Ranks forwards to Order Command Ranks rank outward into the midst every man placing himself on the outsidst of his right and left-hand-man Direction Front half-Half-files face about and Front and Reer Half-files rank outward into the midst placing your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men face to your Leader Command Ranks wheel three to the right and left outward Direction The last Rank face about and wheel by threes to the right and left outward towards both Flanks face to your Leader and close Files to the right to Order they will stand four abrest and six deep Command Files file outward entire advancing Direction The outmost File stand the rest advance forward and place your selves before the outmost Files after close Files into the midst to Order Command Files file to the right Direction The right-hand-right-hand-File stand the rest face about and fall in the Reer of your right-hand-right-hand-File to your Leader Command Files file twelve to the right Direction The first twelve stand the other move forward filing twelve to the right Command Files wheel inward into Front and Reer Direction Files open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and wheele six to the right and six to the left until you have made two Ranks twelve abrest face to your Leader and close Ranks forwards to Order Command Ranks wheele inward to both the Flanks Direction Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance the first Rank face about the first and the last Rank wheel six to the right and six to the left inward to both the Flanks face to your Leader and close Files to
the midst to order Command Files file three to the right and left outward into Front and Reer Direction half-Half-files face about the three first and the three last Ranks are to stand the rest are to move by threes filing to Front and Reer to the right and left outward and after face to the Front and close their Ranks forwards to order Command Files file to the midst by Division Direction half-Half-files of the outmost Files face about and the outmost Files move forwards and file by Division unto the midst of Files face to your Leader Command Files rank inward into the Front Direction Files open from the midst to twice double distance and move forward to the right and left inward into the Front Command Ranks file six to the right and left outward Direction The outmost men are to stand the rest are to move side-ways to the right and left making six in a File and then the next outside men in like manner are to stand the rest successively are to file as before CHAP. XIV Next followeth several Figures of Battail with Firings upon the same for the performance whereof Command BRingers-up to double their Front to the right and left inward and Ranks and Files to open to open order and Muskettiers to close outward to close order the inmost Files of Pikes close outward to the same distance and they will stand in four Divisions after let the Middle-rank in each Division open outward to open order they will produce the first Figure The first firing Let the first Rank give Fire and wheel off to the right and left and place themselves in the room of them in the Reer and they at the same time moving forwards in their places and give Fire as the first after wheel off into their places again The second firing Let the Middle-ranks advance three foot before the Front and give Fire face about and move down into their places again Command The last Rank in each Division move to the left one pace and double to the right File-wise and then advance forward until their first men exceed two foot the Front of each Division then let the first Rank open outward to open order and the last Rank close inward to the same distance The first firing Let the middle File give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the first Rank give fire on the ground they stand and after fall off to the right and left into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their ground and give fire in like manner and fall off into their places again and then the Pikes may charge on whilest the Muskettiers make ready again Command Face all about middle File move forward three foot clear of the Reer the first Rank close inward to Order the last Rank open outward something more then to open Order Upon this Figure let the first man in each division kneel down and then to give fire altogether over one anothers heads the Pikes at the same time charging brest-high to the Horse then face all to their first Front Command The last men in the Reer double to the left Rank-wise Files close into the midst to Order Muskettiers double your Pikes inward entire advancing and move forward three paces Files double your depth to the right and left outward of each Arms every man falling behind his Bringer-up Front Half-files double your Reer entire into the midst Files double to the right and left outward Files file to the right entire advancing which being done wheel them to the right about into a Ring in form as followeth Upon this Figure let the Pikes charge round and the Muskettiers give fire all together which being ended let the Commander go to the place where the File-Leader stands and wheel them off again to the left until he hath brought them into one straight File and then proceed Command Half-files double your Front to the right Ranks double to the right and left inward Files double outward entire advancing Half-files of each Arms double your Ranks forwards to the left Front Half-files double the Reer to the left Files file to the left entire advancing and wheel about into a Ring then face all to the Center and close Files of each Arms to the right and left inward to close Order Command Middle-men in each Division move backward and place your selves two foot behind your right and left-hand-men face all about to the right and close Ranks inward to Order Upon this Figure let them Fire by circumduction after this manner let the odd men of Pikes port and then the odd Muskettier where the first Front was is to give Fire and to move away to the left and the next odd man of Muskettiers upon the right immediately comes stooping underneath the Pikes into the first mans place Firing in like manner moving away into the next odd mans place of the Muskettiers upon the left the rest doing the same until the Muskettier come into his place again Command Face all to the Center odd men move forwards and place your selves two foot before the right and left-hand-men after face all to the right about Upon this Figure you may Fire likewise by way of circumduction the Pikes porting all round and having performed one Firing in this manner in the next place let the odd Muskettiers and Pikes move forth again and kneel down the odd Pike-men charging at foot the Muskettiers may give Fire altogether then let them face to the Center and let the odd men move forwards and place themselves between the right and left-hand-men then moving and closing their ring let them face all about to the right Then let the Captain go where the Leader of the File stands and wheel him about to the left the rest following until they be all brought again into one streight File Command Files file three to the left into the Front Files double to the right intire advancing Front-half-files move forwards three paces Files double your depth to the right of each Division Half-files double your Front intire into the midst The two first and the two last men of Pikes upon each Flank face inward the two Middle-ranks face outward the two last Ranks of Muskettiers face about march all three paces to your Leader To pass by the Firings which may be performed upon this Figure I shall proceed from hence to draw another Command The outmost divisions of Muskettiers close inward to order Front and Reer Divisions of Pikes open outward to double distance Pikes double inward Rank-wise and they will stand as followeth Upon this Figure Fire to the Front in their several Divisions one after another and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right into the Reer the rest of the Divisions
continued in the same manner until all have fired The eighteenth firing The Body still marching let them fire again after the same manner as before The nineteenth firing Let them fire by Ranks wheeling to the right Flank and after to rank to the right so many abrest as they were at first marching along with the Body The twentieth firing Let them fire and fall off on the contrary Flank The one and twentieth firing Let them give fire upon the gathering firing after this manner let the outmost File upon the left face to the left give fire and then face to the Front and stand until the rest be clear and then the next File to face to the left and fire and after face to the Front and then the first File may gather up even abrest upon the left of the second File then the third File may face to the left and give fire after face to the Front and stand until the other two march up on the left and joyn even abrest with him and consequently so all the rest until every File have fired and that they be all moved up even abrest with the Pikes The two and twentieth firing Let them wheel Ranks to the left and fire and after rank four to the left as they were at first and march even abrest with the Pikes The three and twentieth firing Let them fire to the left Flank Ranks inverting and after face to the Front and to rank again as they were The four and twentieth firing Let them fire by Files filing to the right and facing after to the left and fire to the left Flank and then facing to their first Front and to lead up their Files to the left again as they were The five and twentieth firing Let them fire by the outmost Files to the left Flank and lead away by the Leader up between or in the middle of Pikes The six and twentieth firing Let them face outward and fire upon a stand after this manner by Ranks dividing moving forth to the right and left and fire and fall in again into their places the Pikes may after charge on and retreat again into their places The seven and twentieth firing Let them fire by Ranks ranking outward into both the Flanks and moving forward and firing even abrest and ranking again as they were but not returning again into the midst of Pikes from whence they were drawn forth but fire to both Flanks and fall in the Reer of themselves The eight and twentieth firing Let them fire again and fall in the Reer or midst of Pikes The nine and twentieth firing Let the Pikes port and let the Muskettiers fire by Extraduction to both Flanks and return again into their places The thirtieth firing Let the Pikes open to the right and the Muskettiers move up into the midst and the first Rank give fire and slieve up to the right and left and place themselves before the Pikes the next Rank moving forward into his ground and slieving away in the Reer of them until all have fired The one and thirtieth firing Let them close their Divisions and fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The two and thirtieth firing Let them fire by Files ranking outward and filing again as they were The three and thirtieth firing Let them fire by Ranks wheeling outward into both Flanks towards Front and Reer the half-files are to face about the left half-ranks are to wheel to the right the right half-ranks to the left the Front-half-files doing the like may give fire facing after to the right and left inward ranking as they were into the midst of Ranks and facing again to the Flanks The four and thirtieth firing Let them fire two Ranks together and slieving presently away and flank the Pikes The five and thirtieth firing Let them face to Front and Reer and after move outward and facing to the outward Angles of Front and Reer and let them fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The six and thirtieth firing Let them close Files into the midst to Order and fire again and let them fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes then face all to their first Front they are reduced Having spent all this time in the plain Firings we will in the next place proceed to Firings upon such Figures of Battail as followeth CHAP. XXV Several Figures of Battail Command half-HAlf-files double your Front to the left Muskettiers double your Pikes entire advancing Files open from the midst to double distance the two outmost Files close outward to open Order and the two inmost Files close outward to the same distance half-half-files of each Division double the Front inward entire Ranks and Files close to Order the four outmost Files upon each Flank stand the four inmost Files upon the left face to the Reer then let the four inmost Files upon the left and the four inmost Files upon the right move forward three foot before the Front and Reer and then face to the left and move two paces then face all to the Front and move straight in their Divisions both Rank-wise and File-wise they will stand as followeth The first firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers move forward until they be cleer of the standing part then give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and then closing their Files into the midst to Order before the Front of Pikes the Reer-division of Muskettiers may move forward unto the Front of the first division of Pikes and there rank outward and give fire altogether and file again as they were and after face about and move down again into their places the two outmost divisions of Muskettiers may next move forward some six paces there stand and rank inward and fire face about and file again as they were and move forward to the Front of their own divisions of Pikes face to their Leader The second firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers fire and fall off to the right and left and flank their Pikes and at the same time let the Reer-division of Muskettiers move forward as they did before and fire even abrest with the first divisions of Pikes fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down into their places and face to their Leader then let the two outmost divisions upon the Flanks give fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes they may fire to the Reer in the same manner being thither faced The third firing Let them face to Front Reer and both Flanks and fire the first Rank of each division and fall off to the right and left in the Reer of the Pikes and the last Rank at the same time move forth and give fire and fall into their places again but before they thus fire the Front and Reer-divisions are to be wheeled to the left and then let them fire by * Move forth those Muskettiers into their former places before they
before his Leader Command Double your Ranks to the left into the Reer face all about Command Double your Files to the right advancing Reducement Files rank to the right into the Front Ranks file eight to the right reduceth them Next followeth to make every man File-leader according unto dignity with their Reducement Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right intire advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Files double your depth to the right Command Ranks to the right double Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Command Double your Files to the right by division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the left following your Leaders Command Double your Files to the left by division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Command The two first and the two last Ranks double the four middlemost Ranks to the right following your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction The four middle-ranks stand the File-leaders are to turn off to the right and the next Rank is to follow them until the Leaders Rank even with the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and at the same instant of time the Bringers-up are to move forward to the right the rest following until the Bringers-up range even abrest with the Half-file-leaders to your Leader Command Files double your depth to the left Reducement Half-files double your Front to the right Bringers-up double your Front to the right Then divide every four Files distinctly apart making five divisions Files double to the right and left inward in each division and close Files into the midst to Order Files double to the left intire advancing reduceth CHAP. XXVIII Eight several Counter-marches with their Reducement Command FIles to the right-hand Counter-march maintaining ground Command Ranks to the left-hand Counter-march losing ground Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files into the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left and Front-half-files turn off to the right until they meet the Front and Reer into the midst to your Leader Command Right and Left-half-ranks Counter-march into the midst of Files Direction Face outward Right-half-ranks turn off to the right Left-half-ranks turn off to the left to your Leader Command Files to the left-hand Counter-march losing ground by following your Leaders Command Ranks to the right-hand Counter-march maintaining ground Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files to the right and left following the Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files Direction Half-files face about the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and the Half-file-leaders are to begin the motion the rest are to follow until they have gained so much ground beyond the Front and Reer as they formerly possest in the midst to your Leader and close your divisions Command Counter-march your Half-ranks to the right and left by following of the inmost files Direction Face outward the inmost Files are to begin the motion moving forward the rest following until they have gained so much ground beyond the Flanks as they formerly possessed in the inmost Files to your Leader and close Files into the midst to Order they are reduced CHAP. XXIX Ten several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel the Battail off by Division from the Front Command Wheel the body off by Division from the right Flank face to the right Command VVheel the Battail off by Division from the Reer face about Command VVheel the body off by division from the left Flank Command VVheel your Battail inward to the Reer from the Front Close Ranks forward to close Orderr and Files into the midst to close Order Direction Open outward to convenient distance to your Leader Command VVheel your battail inward to the left Flank from the right Direction Face to the right and open to convenient distance to your Leader Command VVheel your battail inward to the Front from the Reer Direction Face about and open to convenient distance and wheel inward into the Front Command VVheel your battail inward to the right Flank from the left Command VVheel the outward Angles of Front and Reer to the right and left about into the Center face to the outward Angles Command VVheel the inward Angles to the right and left about from the Center CHAP. XXX Plain Firings and Figures of Battail IN the next place I will proceed to some plain firings wherefore first double your Ranks forward to the left by Half-files and fire even with the Front of Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves then fire and fall between the Pikes then move forth after this manner one Rank drawn forth to the right and another to the left fire and fall in again as before Then command the first Rank to stand and the rest to move forth both Pikes and Muskettiers to the right and left until each Rank be cleer of other then let the Pikes charge and Muskettiers give fire altogether and after fall behind each Rank of Pikes then let the Pikes charge at Foot and let the Muskettiers give fire over their heads after let Pikes port and let the Muskettiers come forth again and give fire by extraduction and after command the Ranks to face to the right and left inward and to close their Divisions then let the Muskettiers move forth again into their first places and Flank their Pikes And having passed over some half a dozen firings after this manner then command Half-files to double their depth to the right intire and proceed to Figures of battail and firings which comes in the next place to view for a Leader to spend his time further in the exercising of his Souldiers therein Command Half-files face to the Reer and march six paces to your Leader Half-files of Muskettiers of each Division face to the Reer Muskettiers march all until you be cleer of the Pikes to your Leader The two middlemost Ranks of Pikes of each division face outward and move cleer of the Muskettiers to your Leader The first and third Ranks of Pikes in the body face to the Reer and close Ranks into the midst to Order the following Figure will appear The first firing Let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the rest of the Divisions moving up into their ground and fire wheeling off to the right and left having all fired over once they will be reduced The second firing Let the four inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face outward and move cleer of the Pikes then face to their Leader then let the eight last divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers face to the Reer then let them fire to Front and Reer falling in the Reer of themselves there being intervals for the Pikes to move forward upon
their charge and being retreated back into their places will produce the following Figure After the Figure is reduced unto his first aspect command the Muskettiers or Divisions upon the wings to face to the right and left inward and to march until they stand as in the first Figure then face to their Leader and command the eight first Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers to face outward marching until you perceive an interval for the eight Reer-divisions to move up and make an even range with the Front-divisions which being done they will appear as followeth Upon this Figure let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time firing and wheeling off into their places again Then let the Commander face them all to the right and they will stand in four crosses with Muskettiers on the wings File-wise upon which facing they may march the Officers being placed according unto discretion and after they have marched let them face again to their first Front Command Front-divisions of Muskettiers face to the right and move two paces to your Leader Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move up and double the Front-Divisions to the left Rank-wise which produceth the next Figure Upon the former Figure let all the Muskettiers give fire together and fall off to the right and left in the Reer of themselves the Pikes after charging through the intervals and after retreating again Then command Muskettiers that doubled to face about and to move down into the Reer until they be clear of the Pikes and stand then let the Muskettiers both in Front and Reer face to the left and march until they stand straight in their Divisions then face to their Leader and they will stand as in the former Figure then proceed Command The four inmost Divisions both of Pikes and Muskettiers on the left face to the Reer inmost Divisions both of Pikes and Muskettiers both upon the right and left march clear of the standing part then let them face to the left and move three paces to your Leader The four outmost Divisions both of Pikes and Muskettiers upon the right wheel to the right the four outmost Divisions upon the left both of Pikes and Muskettiers wheel to the left which will set forth the next Figure Tht first firing Let them face to the Front Reer and both Flanks and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right your Divisions on the outside of the Pikes into the place of the Reer-Divisions which are to advance forward into the Front performing the like as the other Front-Divisions The second firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers move to the right two paces after command Divisions of Muskettiers to double to the left Rank-wise and let them give fire in Front Reer and both Flanks all together the Pikes may after charge to all these places whilest the Muskettiers make ready again and retreat again into their places The third firing Let them give fire again and fall in the Reer of themselves which being ended you may proceed to another Figure Command The left Division of Muskettiers wheele off to the left and place your selves in the left interval between the Pikes which occasioneth the next Figure Upon this Figure let the Muskettiers give fire in the Front Reer and Flanks and Angles falling in the Reer of themselves and the Pikes may after charge on Many other firings might be performed upon this Figure but I shall not be tedious to relate any more but leave them to the discretion of every Leaders genius and shall now shew the way to reduce them Reducement Divisions of Muskettiers upon the Angles face to the Center and move three paces after wheel the Divisions a little to the right until they be brought in the Reer of their own Divisions of Muskettiers which being done command the four Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers on the right to wheel to the left and the four Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers upon the left to wheel to the right After command the four Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers upon the left to face to the left and march to such a convenient distance as that the four last Divisions both Pikes and Muskettiers may move up on the left to range even with the Front they on the Flanks moving up also until they stand all even abrest After command the inmost eight Divisions to face to the Reer and let them all move until they be clear one of another then face to their Leader and let the eight Front-divisions face inward and to move until they stand straight with the Reer-divisions After let the Pikes in the Body in each Division open their Ranks to Front and Reer to their open Order And then command Divisions of Pikes upon the Flanks to face to the right and left inward and march in and strengthen the Body of Pikes which being done let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers face to the Reer commanding them all to close their Ranks forward to Order and face to their Leader they are reduced Which being performed the Leader may lodge his Colours having finished his ninth Exercise CHAP. XXXI The tenth Exercise consisting of 24 Files being six deep according to the first drawing up of a private Company THere being a greater number appearing upon this days Exercise then in the former it concerns a Leader more especially to give special charge to the inferiour Officers to be careful in the drawing forth the Files that they make no man a File-Leader Bringer-up Half-file-Leader or Bringer-up of the Front-half-files but such able Souldiers as may be deserving of the same whose diligence and care upon all motions is principally required being as it were the hinges of the Leaders several words of Command Wherefore supposing them to be drawn up in Battalia and the Colours being brought to the head of the Company the four Serjeants ready at hand attending their Captains commands and the body being closed in Ranks and Files to their distance of Order and silence craved at the Company he that shall exercise them may begin after Distances and Facings shewen with this or the like doubling following CHAP. XXXII Eight entire several Doublings with their Reducement Command FRont half-half-files double your Reer inward entire Command The twelve inmost Files double entire the depth of the six outmost Files Inmost Files face about Command Half-files double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the right entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front inward entire Command The six outmost Files upon each Flank double entire advancing the twelve middle Files Command Half-files double your Front to the right entire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank entire advancing which being performed they are reduced CHAP. XXXIII Eight several Countermarches with their Reducement Command FIle-Leaders stand the rest pass through to the right and
even abrest with the next divisions yet keeping themselves distinctly from the other divisions Then let those divisions of Muskettiers that stood in the Reer of them move forward into their ground and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down again into their first places then let those that first fired move up again into their ground and let the outmost divisions begin to fire after this manner let the first divisions fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after fall off to the right and left and place themselves in the room of the Reer-divisions who are likewise to move up into their ground and there to fire and fall off as before the Pikes may after charge on and retreat back again into their places The same firings may be performed to the Reer they being thither faced but to let that pass we will fall upon the next Figure wherefore Command Divisions of Pikes move forward until your Reer-divisions range even abrest with the outmost divisions of Muskettiers Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face inward and move streight in the Reer of the Reer-divisions of Pikes to your Leader The first firing Let the two last divisions of Muskettiers face about and the other divisions of Muskettiers to face to the right and left outward and let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The second firing Let them face all to the Reer and let the Reer-divisions move forth to the right and left outward and give fire altogether and fall in the Reer of themselves The third firing Let the four first divisions of Muskettiers and the two first disions of Pikes face to the Front and let them give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves then face all to the Front and proceed farther Command The Front and Reer-divisions to move outward two paces Reer-division of Pikes upon the left face about Reer-divisions of Pikes move three foot before the Front and Reer to your Leader divisions that moved outward close inward to your first ground then they will stand as followeth The first firing Let the first divisions of Muskettiers give fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then face outward and march cleer of the standing part then face to their Leader then let every division of Muskettiers come successively into that ground fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down into their places then let the Front-divisions of Pikes charge on and after retreat back into their places The second firing Let them face all to the Reer and let every division give fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The third firing Let half the Muskettiers and three divisions of Pikes face about to the right and give fire to Front and Reer on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat back into their places face all to their Leader Command The outmost divisions of Muskettiers face outward and move two paces to your Leader the other divisions both Pikes and Muskettiers open your Files outward to open Order the five first divisions face about the five first and the five last divisions move streight forward and interchange ground and after face to their Leader and close Files inward again to Order then lead up the two outmost divisions of Muskettiers to stand even abrest against the middle-divisions of Pikes face all to your Leader then move the two outmost divisions to the right and left inward to stand streight in the middle of the Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers Upon this Figure several firings might be performed to Front Reer both Flanks and four Angles all at one and the same time but being so easie to the view I shall leave them unto the discretion of those which shall be pleased to make use of them and in the next place endeavour to reduce them Reducement Middle-divisions of Muskettiers upon the Flanks face outward and move cleer of the standing part to your Leader the five first Divisions face about the five first and the five last Divisions open Files outward to open Order and move forward and interchange ground and close Files inward again to Order outmost Divisions face about and move down again into your first places face all to your Leader Here the Captain if he please may command the Ensign to display his Colours which being ended he may proceed commanding Reer-divisions of Pikes to move forward and to place themselves in the Reer of the outmost division of Pikes upon the left in the Front then let the Front-division of Pikes move down and place themselves in the Reer of the second division of Pikes upon the right then close Pikes into the midst to Order Inmost divisions of Muskettiers move forward to Order and march up even with the Front Reer-division of Muskettiers face outward and move until they stand streight with the outmost divisions of Muskettiers then face to their Leader and close Ranks forward to Order and march up and make an even Front and close Files into the midst to Order they are reduced CHAP. XXXVI The eleventh Exercise with 24 Files six deep THe Souldiers being met at the place appointed and the Officers being vigilant and careful in their several places in drawing forth the Files and joyning them into a Body the Leader without any farther delay may crave their silence and close their Ranks and Files to Order and after some distances and facings shewn unto them drawn forth from the former Rule he may proceed to this following doubling making every man a File-leader according to succession and after reduce them again Command Ranks to the left double Command Files to the left double Command Half-files double your Front to the left Command Files double your depth to the left Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right intire advancing Command Ranks to the right double Command Files to the right double Reducement Files rank to the left into the Front Rank file six to the left they are reduced CHAP. XXXVII Eight Counter-marches with their Reducement Command BRingers-up stand to the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers-up The rest face about Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and Bringers-up Half-files face about Command Ranks to the left-hand counter-march maintaining ground face to the left Command Right and Left-half-ranks Counter-march from the midst of Files maintaining ground face inward Command File-leaders face about to the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Leader to your
face to the right and left inward and move and interchange ground then stand and face to your Leader The two last Divisions of Muskettiers in the midst face to the left and move clear of the Pikes face all to your Leader Then let every Division close forward to Order and move up even abrest with the Pikes they are reduced CHAP. XL. The twelfth Exercise consisting of 24 Files six deep THe place of Exercise appointed for the Souldiers to meet they upon a just summons make full appearance being indeed the very life of any Exercise affording much comfort to him that shall lead them And therefore seeing their readiness and forwardness as in duty they are concerned the Leader cannot chuse but forthwith to give order unto his Officers for the compleating up of the Body who knowing his commands go nimbly and chearfully to work in drawing forth the Files and joyning them together after fetching the Colours and bringing them to the head of the Company So that nothing being wanting the Leader craves their silence and attention commanding them to their distance of Order both of Rank and File and after some few distances shewen unto them he may proceed in the next place to such Facings as followeth Command Face to the right and left outward and move four paces Face to Front and Reer and move three paces Face to the outward Angles in the Front Face to the inward Angles in the Front Face to the inward Angles of the right Flank Face to the inward Angles in the left Flank Face to the outward Angles in the Reer Face to the inward Angles in the Reer Face to the outward Angles both of Front and Reer Face to the inward Angles both of Front and Reer Face to the midst of Files Face to the midst of Ranks Face to the Centre Face to the outward Angles of Front and Reer from the Centre Face all about to the right Face to Front Reer and both Flanks from the Centre As you were To your Leader CHAP. XLI A Doubling to make every man a File-Leader by dignity Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the left Command Double your Files to the left entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Files double your depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Half-files double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the left entire advancing Command Ranks to the right double Command Files to the right double Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Files double your depth to the left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Reducement Ranks to the left double Files to the left double CHAP. XLII Several Wheelings with their Reducements Command WHeel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front by Division Command Right and left half-ranks double the depth of your Battail by wheeling inward to the Reer Face to the Reer Command Double the length of your Battail by wheeling inward to Front and Reer Half-files face about Command Front and Reer half-files double the depth of your Battail by wheeling outward to the right Flank Half-files face about and wheel to the left Front half-files wheel to the right Command Front and Reer half-files double the length of your Battail by wheeling inward to the left Flank face all to the left Command Front and Reer half-files double the depth of both Flanks by wheeling to the right and left outward Half-files face about Command Front and Reer half-files double the length of the Battail by wheeling inward to the midst of Ranks Face inward Command Front and Reer half-files double the depth of your left Flank by wheeling to the right and left outward Half-files face about Command Front and Reer half-files double the length of your Battail by wheeling inward to the right flank Face to the right and as they then stand right half-ranks wheel to the left and left half-ranks wheel to the right until the right Flank meet together they are reduced CHAP. XLIII Plain Figures and figures of Battail The first firing LEt two Ranks advance forward ten paces and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after wheel off to the right and left outward and move down in the Reer of their own Divisions of Muskettiers and then the next two Ranks are to move forward and to give fire as the former did and so consequently all the rest until all have fired and reduced back again into their places The second firing Let them fire even with the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves and let the Pikes charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The third firing Let single Files be drawn off and Ranks inward into the Front and fire and File again face about and move down into their places then let two Files be drawn off clear and let the inmost Files rank inward the outmost Files rank outward and give fire and File again as they were and fall into their places The fourth firing Let the four outmost Files upon each Flank be drawn off until they be clear of the Front then let them close before the Front of Pikes face then the inmost Files of Muskettiers to both the Flanks and let them give fire to the Front and both Flanks on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The fifth firing Let them give fire all together six Ranks at once in the Front and four in the Flanks observing the former Rules in firing so many Ranks together as you may find in the place of description of firings The sixth firing Let those Muskettiers upon the Flanks face to the Reer and move clear of the Pikes then close to the right and left inward to Order then let the half-half-files of Pikes face about and let the Muskettiers give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves The seventh firing Let the Pikes move forth to the right and left outward until they be clear of the Muskettiers then let the Muskettiers give fire in an oblique manner thus let every two Files open to the right and left outward to something more then open Order then close the two first Ranks of the four inmost Files to the Front to Order and let the other two Ranks close likewise almost to that distance but the two last Ranks only are to face to their Front and after in the same kind close the four Ranks inward to the Reer of the four outmost in manner and form there as the other Files were to the Front and so let them give fire in each Division an oblique way two Ranks kneel down two kneeling and two stand upright The eighth firing After the former firing close the four inmost Files to the right and left outward to
his Majors absence Some are of opinion it would be convenient to place the Lieutenant-Colonels eldest Serjeant there but in my judgement it is very unhandsome to see any Halberdeer either to lead or bring up any Division marching in a Regimental way and rather then I should do it I would let it go unsupplyed but if he shall be there placed to bring up his best way of marching is either with Pallizado or half-pike and not with his Halberd CHAP. VI. The ordering of a Regiment to the long March with the placing of the Officers and the leading of Carriages THe Major giving to every Captain his proper place to march in and what Divisions they are to lead and what to bring up in written notes under his hand commands the Drum-Major to beaâ— a March and so consequently all the rest to take it from him The Souldiers being warned thereby begin to shoulder their Arms and prepare to move the Colonel on Horsback being attended on by his Martial and Quarter-master draws off the first Division of Muskettiers his Captain-Lieutenant being six foot behinde him which Division is brought up by the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up The eldest Captain follows next leading the first Division of Pikes and brought up by his own Lieutenant The next Division of Muskettiers is led by the third Captains Lieutenant and the Reer of the first grand Division is brought up by the third Captain There ought to be full 18 foot of ground betwixt each Division he that brings up a Division ought to be cleer six foot behinde the same and he that leads to be six foot before so that there will be six foot proportion of ground betwixt them both for the better distinguishing of their Divisions the Leaders and Bringers-up thereof And where there is not room sufficient for the marching so many abrest as they are now ordered they must subdivide being careful to preserve their Divisions marching in greater depths at their due distance of open order in rank and order in file For the Serjeants must not presume upon any sub-dividing to bring them down in the Reer of them that march before and keep them intire in all their respective Divisions And it must be their observation to attend upon the Flanks even abrest with those Leaders of Files that were taken off that when there is ground and room enough they more readier know where to finde them and to lead them up again as they were at first Care likewise must be had upon any sub-dividing of the Pikes that there be none of the Colours divided who are in a Regimental way to march all three together according to their first placing These rules and observations concern both grand Divisions Now the first being led away as is before exprest there ought to be sufficient ground betwixt each grand Division for the leading of the Carriages and in the first place there is to be considered that to most Regiments there is allowed two Waggons for the Baggage and Ammunition and two Field-pieces or great Cannon besides other Carriages which more concern the Victual for the Souldiers as occasion shall require now concerning the ordering and securest placing of all these upon the March will be in the midst of the Regiment and to have those which are ordred for their Guard to be Fire-locks or to have Snap-hances for the avoiding of the danger which might happen by the Cole of the Match and being placed where any attempt of the Enemy shall fall on either to Front Reer or either Flank the Cannon may thus be easily drawn forth to fire upon them and all the wood of the Carriages with their Guard to be ordred in the Reer where-ever the assault should happen for their better security and safety The Major in the next place if he please may lead the second grand Division to which purpose he draws off with the assistance of his own Lieutenant the first Division of Muskettiers his Lieutenant being six foot behinde him and so much before the Muskettiers The next that follows is the second Body of Pikes which is led by the second Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant The last Division of Muskettiers is led by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant and the Reer of the whole Regiment is brought up by the Lieutenant-Colonel The Serjeants are to march upon the Flanks attending their own men that when they are to be reduced into Companies they may know more readier where to finde them and according to order they may draw them off to compleat up their Captains Companies As for the Drums the care thereof belongs to the Drum-Major to place and to ease them timely by reliefs to beat as many or as few as he shall think fit to which purpose he orders them to fall in betwixt the second and third Rank of Muskettiers and Pikes of each Division but when they are all even abrest the Drums are placed according as you see them marked The Figure for the long-March in the next place followeth CHAP. VII The first Exercise of a Regiment in the plainest and easiest way THe Major finding the commodiousness of the ground may draw them up all even abrest again and proceed to exercise them in a Regimental way conferring before-hand with the Captains Lieutenants Ensigns and Serjeants what he intends to do Whether he will exercise every Maniple or Division as is usual in a private Company in all their plain Motions and Firings which may be very proper and easily done or otherwise proceed to more variety in every Division to give them commands as one man either to face double or otherwise according to discretion And having fully instructed them of all his intents and purposes he must begin to consider of the best manner for the managing of the same To which end he shall do well to command the first grand Division to advance forward 12 paces clear of the second and after face them to the Front and they will stand in manner as in Folio 147. After he must consider how many Files of Muskettiers there are and whether he can branch them forth into equal Divisions sutable to the Pikes but finding them to stand but 18 of a side he shall do well for time of his Exercise to draw off eight Files of Muskettiers from the Reer which were formerly appointed to guard the Ammunition or Baggage and add two to every Division of Muskettiers which will make them 20 Files of each side of the Pikes and then he may thus proceed Command Files to their open order and Ranks to close forward to order in each grand Division every five Files of Muskettiers of each Division close to the right to order the first six files of Pikes in each grand Division close to the right to order the rest of the Pikes close every five Files to the right to the same distance then there will be in each grand Division four Divisions of Pikes and eight of Muskettiers in manner as
set forth to your view in Folio 147. Before the Major shall begin his Exercise he shall do well to appoint unto each Division the Captains and their Ensigns whose Colours in the mean time may be stuck in the ground or given to any of the File-leaders of Pikes to hold during the time of Exercise to take charge of them to order them according unto every word of command and the Lieutenant and Serjeants to each Division of Muskettiers that after silence is craved throughout the whole Regiment the Major by stretching out his voice in every word of Command the rest as his Eccho are immediately to give it out along the whole Front and from thence unto the Reer and every Officer to lead his men accordingly The Major having stated all things according to the former directions may if he please either face double counter-march or wheel to Front Reer or both Flanks in every particular Division And may after fire them by way of Divisions drawn off ten or twenty paces before the Front firing them 7 or 8 times over relieving them by other supplies marching up into their ground And may after face the Reer-divisions about and fire them to Front and Reer on the same ground they stand there being sufficient intervalls for their wheeling off in the Reer of themselves And after several firings in this kinde the Pikes may charge on but before they begin their firings the Pikes must close into the midst to order and Muskettiers to close their Pikes to open order and every Division to preserve so much ground betwixt each other for their conveniencie that after firing they may wheel off Now if you will fire or skirmish the one with the other then draw off the Reer or second grand Division and move them away and draw them up in opposition 100 foot distance of ground betwixt each Front and let the Lieutenant-Colonels Company be drawn up upon the right and the Majors upon the left of that grand Division that it may carry some answerableness with that of the Colonels The Muskettiers having six foot interval of ground betwixt each other before they begin to fire they may continue their firings of this nature as long as they please and the Pikes may after charge on to such convenient distance as that they come not within three Pikes length one of another for avoiding doing hurt the one to the other the Muskettiers still continuing their firing and falling in the Reer of themselves and when they come within distance not to present above knee-height for the above-named reasons Now the Souldiers being almost tired and all their Powder spent and retreating from each other that side which falls out to be strongest as being the Colonels grand Division or party may beat a parley to invite the weaker to come in to mercy offering them all fair Quarter provided they timely and presently receive it and that they will cheerfully and willingly go along with them and never any more revolt but be on their side to fight with them upon all just occasions as shall be required After which the Lieutenant-Colonel yeilding they may wheel about and march into the same ground from whence they were first drawn forth and be reduced to the same order and condition as they were before they began to skirmish And thus much shall suffice concerning the ordinary plain way of exercising of Regiments but those that shall desire a little more curiosity they may observe such Exercises as in the next place shall be set forth unto them CHAP. VIII A second way of exercising Regiments of the same number of men THe first grand Division being in the Front and clear of the second 12 paces every five Files being 18 foot of ground a part from each other and at their distance of order both in Rank and File in their own particular divisions as was mention'd in Folio 146. comes in this place to be set forth to their view And having past over some of the distances to bring them to this Station in standing in 24 Maniples or Divisions the next thing that I shall shew for Exercise shall be four several Figures of Battail branched from thence by proper words of Command with their reducement Command Divisions of Muskettiers face outward Pikes and Muskettiers march all twelve paces and stand to your Leader The two middle Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers in the Reer next the Flanks face about outmost Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers in Front and Reer face outward march all four paces and stand Again let the outmost Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers face about to the right then march all three paces then stand and face to their Leader it produceth the first Figure Each of the former Divisions containing five Files apiece excepting the outmost Division of Pikes upon the right in Front and Reer and they contain six Files in each of them Command Divisions of Muskettiers face outward Pikes face about to the right march all until the Pikes range even with the Reer then face to their Leader occasioneth the next Command The four last Divisions of each Arms in the midst face about the six outmost Divisions of each Arms face outward the two middle Divisions of Pikes in the Front face about march all four paces and stand then face the six outmost divisions about to the right and the four middle Divisions of Pikes about to the left then march all four paces and face to their Leader Command The two next Divisions of Pikes in the midst from the Reer face about middle Divisions of Pikes move forward six foot before the Front and Reer to your Leader Reducement The twelve last Divisions face about then set every Division march forward until they range even abrest with the Front and Reer and face to their Leader then let the Reer-divisions move forward within eighteen foot of the Front-divisions and they will be in two grand Divisions the one in the Reer of the other as at first when they began their facings Having past over part of the Distances and Facings the next which in order falls to be handled is Doublings and having by command gained eighteen foot distance betwixt every five Files if in their former motions they should chance to lose it you may then proceed to Doublings by way of Divisions as shall be in the next place set down CHAP. IX Doublings belonging to a Regiment Command DIvisions double to the right File-wise Direction Every even Division from the Front face to the right and march down clear until you stand straight with the next Interval then face to the left and move in and double those Divisions on the right File-wise to your Leader Command Divisions double to the right Rankwise Direction Every even Division from the Front face to the right and march forward six paces then face to the Front and move forward and double your Divisions to the right Command Divisions double the Length of the Battail to
Order and the like of the Muskettiers in the Reer to those hands to the same distance then they will stand in four Divisions two of Pikes in the Front and two of Muskettiers in the Reer In the next place let him count how many Files of Pikes there are in each Division and he will finde in the Colonels Divisions 26 Files and in the Lieutenant-Colonels but twenty two To make these even he must take off one File apiece from the youngest Captains and bring them into the midst of the Lieutenant-Colonels Division and then he will make them equal there being in each grand Division 24 Files of Pikes The Pikes being made thus equal let him move down into the Reer and examine the Muskettiers where upon the right he will finde 52 Files and upon the left but 44 to make these even in number he must take off one File apiece from the four Companies of the first grand Division and lead them away up into the midst of the second and then there will be in each grand Division of Muskettiers 48 Files apiece In the next place let him face them to the right and left outward and move them to such convenient distance as he may after divide his Muskettiers into four Divisions to move up and flank the Pikes This being performed he ought appoint unto every Captain and Lieutenant his place where to lead and where to bring up and what men upon all occasions they are to fight To which purpose there being in the first grand Division four Captains there must be four places to lead and four to bring up and therefore having their four Colours upon the long March that Body of Pikes may be divided into two Divisions and to march with two Colours in the first Division of Pikes which are to be led by the eldest Captain and brought up by the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up The second Division of Pikes is to be led by the fourth Captain and to be brought up by the eldest Captain-Lieutenant The Reer-guard of Muskettiers in this grand Division is to be led by the third Captain and to be brought up by his Lieutenant who upon the long March his Captain if he pleaseth may exchange places being more honour to him to be there to bring up then to lead that Division as hath been formerly exprest As concerning the Captain-Lieutenant his place is to be fixed according as in the Figure to lead the first Division of Muskettiers and to be brought up by the fourth Captains Lieutenant but at such time when they are drawn up all abrest they are to take their places as at first fixed both in their leading and bringing-up as shall be set forth in the following Figure with all their several places appointed thereunto As concerning all the rest they are placed in manner as was shewed in my discourse of a Regiment consisting of six Companies But here it may be objected that in the first grand Division I have placed the Colonel eldest Captain third and fourth and by casting up their number of dignity we finde it to amount unto 18 and in the second grand Division the Lieutenant-Colonel Major and second Captain whose number amounts but to ten Here we finde say they a great deal of difference and alteration your intentions principally tending to make them equal in dignity for certainly where the greater number is there is the lesser dignity and therefore a wrong unto that part where ever it so falls out To which I answer Where there is no just exceptions to be made to the contrary the former Rule ought ever to be preserved in the keeping an equal ballance of the number of dignity but herein it doth not For the Colonel ought always to have placed in his Division the eldest Captain who is to lead his Colours and the first Body of Pikes which is the first place of honour among the Captains And in the second place the Majors Company is always drawn up upon the outmost part on the right of the Lieutenant-Colonels grand Division to carry an equal proportion of number they being the second and third worth unto that of the first or fourth as is in the Colonels In the next place the second Captains turn comes to be regarded who by the same Rule as the eldest Captain layes claim to carry the first honour by leading the first Body of Pikes and the Colonels Colours so the second Captain cannot expect any other but to be placed to lead the second Body of Pikes the Lieutenant-Colonels Colours Now there being an odd Captain he must be either placed upon the right or left he is therefore thought in discretion to be rather placed with the Colonel in his Division that his Colours may there flie marching four together being far more honourable and graceful then that of three as in the Lieutenant-Colonels and therefore where there is an honour in that kinde which cannot be divided it is very fit and requisite to place and fix it with him that is the Commander in chief As for number of men both Divisions are equal alike and therefore I conceive what hath been spoken may take off all objections of this nature And now according to my promise I shall set forth the manner of the standing of seven Companies in a Regimental way with all the several places of honour appointed forth unto them either marching or standing all even abrest If they be upon the long march they are to observe that manner set down in six Companies onely to minde that alteration before expressed the Figure of their drawing up and the Officers stated in their proper places follows in Folio 156. From which Figure I shall draw up another placing the Souldiers in Battalia which may be useful for them to fight-upon Command Pikes in both Divisions face inward inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face outward march and interchange ground with other face to your Leader The four inmost Files of Muskettiers next the Pikes Let them be at open Order in their Ranks and Files and the two grand Divisions standing in one even Front together face about and march six foot cleer from the Pikes and stand then close their Files to the right and left to Order in their own particular divisions then face inward and march all together until they stand six foot cleer of each other face to your Leader The next five Files of Muskettiers in each side of Pikes advance 18 foot before the Front then close their Files into the midst to Order and Ranks forward to Order Pikes close your Ranks forward to Order and Files into the midst to Order every five Files of Muskettiers close inward to Order and Ranks forward to Order then face to the Pikes and march forward being betwixt every five Files of Muskettiers six foot of ground distance each from other and the same distance from the Body of Pikes face all to your Leader The 12 outmost Files of Pikes and Muskettiers advance
content themselves to learn of such who are of higher abilities And on this account the Art would be more highly prized and not only bring more Honour to the Professors thereof but even the Learners themselves would become more capable of good preferment abroad and our Military Gardens and Meetings would much more flourish and be beheld with more delight and satisfaction not only by the Souldiers themselves but all other Spectators whatsoever I do not desire to be mis-understood by this Discourse that herein I should go about to startle any ingenious Souldier or disswade him from any thing that shall be new to his Invention which is proper I shall rather incourage him and be glad to understand of him what Reason he can give for every thing he doth and of what use it may be unto the Publick and then it will admit of no controulment But vacant seasons may be used for variety and delight in making experiments of wit fancy and ingenuity provided they do not dwell too much upon them But the substantial and solid things of War are above all things to be precisely regarded without which an Army though of the most valiant men will be exposed to the greatest dangers and fall into a most certain Ruine I should here humbly offer my Advice to the most eminent Meetings in the Artillery and Military Gardens in the latter of which I was heretofore a Member and still am a true Lover and honourer both of that and all other places like unto it My advice is that on their days of publick Meeting they would have chiefly before their eyes the main Grounds and Principles in the Art of War which through permission I am perswaded would cause greater appearances and make their Ground to flourish more then ever to the Honour of our Nation and the increase of experienced and able Commanders if ever this Commonwealth should stand in further need of them And because the Ambition of some doth strive to aim at higher things in their thoughts then what is practised abroad I have thought good to set down the plain way of exercising a Company as usually it is practised in the Army our Companies consisting of one hundred men two parts being Muskettiers and a third Pikes the depth of our Files being always six deep in the Armies of England Scotland and Ireland the Company being drawn up abrest the Exercise is as followeth they standing in their closest Order in Ranks and Files First Command Open Ranks backwards to Order Command Files open to the Right to your Order Command Ranks open backward to open Order Command Files open to the left to open Order Command Ranks open backward to double Distance Command Files open outward to double Distance Command Ranks close forward to open Order Command Files close inward to open Order Command Ranks close forward to your Order Command Files close to the left to your Order Command Face to the Right as you were Command Face to the Left as you were Command Face to the Rear as you were Command Face to the Front as you were Command Face to the Center as you were Command Face to Front and Rear as you were Command Face to the Right and Left outward as you were Command Face to the Right and left inward as you were Ranks and Files being at Open Order Ranks to the Right Double Files to the Left Double Ranks to the Left Double Files to the Right Double Command Half-files Double your Front to the Right Command Files Double your Depth to the Left Command Half-files Double your Front to the Left Command Files Double your Depth to the Right Command Bringers-up Double your Front to the Right Command Files Double your Depth to the Left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Direction Bringers-up Double your Front to the Left Files double your Depth to the Right every man placing himself behind his Bringer-up Command Double your Ranks to the Right or Left intire as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the Right intire Command Right Half-ranks double intire the depth of your left Half-ranks Command Half-files double your Front to the Left intire Command Left Half-ranks double intire the depth of your Right half-ranks Direction The same may be done to the Rear Command Files to the Right hand Counter-march and maintain Ground Command Files to the Left hand Counter-march and maintain Ground Direction The same may be done in Ranks as also both in Ranks and Files either maintaining gaining or losing ground of these in the Army we use but little Command Wheel your Battle to the Right Command Wheel your Battle to the Left Command Wheel your Battle to the Right about Command Wheel your Battle to the Left about Command Files file to the Right or Left Command Ranks file to the Right and Left First The Muskettiers being on both flanks first firing let the first Rank stand and fire every Rank passing through before his Leader after standing and fire till all have fired over twice or four times the Pikes moving slowly in the mean time they will upon a stand be reduced as at first Secondly Bring all the Muskettiers before the Pikes then let them fire in the Front falling off and flank the Pikes upon the Right Fire upon the right flank the body marching and the Muskettiers to pass on the left flank after the Pikes may charge to the right the body moving again Let the Muskettiers fire on the left flank and fall in the Reer of the Pikes who may after charge their Pikes on the left The body marching the Muskettiers may fire in the Reer and fall off to the Right and Left and flank the Pikes as at the first the body facing about the Pikes may charge to the Reer We usually fire in the Front sometimes two ranks standing the rest passing by turns then standing after they have gained the ground before their Leaders do fire till all have fired twice other times three Ranks fire together the first kneels down the second stoops the third stands upright then falling down the three last Ranks pass through and do the like This being done twice reduces them all as at first the Pikes moving slowly this being the usual way of exercising our Companies in the Army Rich. Elton Lieut. Col. FINIS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE COMPLEAT BODY OF The Art Military THE PUBLISHER To the READER HAving now an opportunity of reprinting the preceding Treatise of Military Discipline written by Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Elton containing the Discipline and Exercise of Foot-companies Regiments Brigades c. I thought it not convenient to let the Infantry March into the Field of the World any more without the Cavalry nor they without their Train of Artillery I have therefore endeavoured to make good the words of the Title namely The Compleat Body of the Art Military by adding the following Treatises wherefore to the Infantry here is added Cavalry and Instructions for them both in Posture
would say Command To the left hand Direction It is done by turning towards the left hand until their faces front to that place which was before the Reer To reduce them to their first form as that must be observed the word is Command To the right hand about as you were Command To the left hand about Command Ranks to the right double The use hereof hath been shewed before but to perform it this is the Direction Every other Rank that is every even Rank is to pass into the odd upon the right hand of his Leader the second Rank into the first and so successively To reduce them the Word is Command Ranks as you were Direction It is best done by causing those Ranks which doubled to stand and those that stood to advance Command Ranks to the left double Direction The difference of this Motion from the former is nothing but that here they which double do it to the left hand of their Leaders which before they did to their right hands as the Figure maketh it plain This done they must be reduced by commanding Command Ranks as you were Command Files to the Right Double Direction Let the second File pass into the First every man behinde his side-man accounting from the right hand the fourth into the third and so the rest which must be done through the whole Company at one instant But because the first Rank of the Troop is as the edge and the Files are for the most part appointed but five deep there seemeth no great necessity of doubling Files To reduce them the Word is Command Files to the left as you were Command Files to the left double Direction The Difference between this and the former Motion is the difference of hands only And by this means those Files which stood before must move now and they which moved before now stand as appears by the Figure They are reduced by commanding Command Files as you were or Ranks to the Right double Command Half Files to the Right hand double the Front Direction Middle Men double the first Rank on the right hand the other three Ranks double the threee following Ranks To reduce them the Word is Command Half files as you were But it is better to cause them that doubled to stand and the first Division to advance Command Half-Files to the Left hand double the Front Direction This Motion differs from the former in the hand only There is also doubling of Ranks by the Half Files entire to the right or left or both by Division but because the Files especially of Guirassiers are seldome above five deep the doubling of Ranks Half-files c. is little used The reducing of them is shewed in the former Motion Command Bringers-up to the right hand double the Front Direction The last Rank must pass into the first and so successively every one by the right hand of his Leader as in the figure It is of goood use but troublesome for the Horse to perform especially in the reducing so it may be used or omitted as shall be thought fit To reduce them Command Bringers-up as you were Command Files to the Left hand Countermarch Though it were fit to begin with the right hand yet for the convenient turning of the Horse to the left I think it not amiss to prefer the left Direction The Figure sufficiently represents the manner of the Motion which represents the Choraean manner there be also Countermarches after the Macedonian and Lacedemonian ways which for brevity are here omitted Command Files close to the right and left to your close Order Direction Being about to wheel the Troop they must be closed first the Files and then the Ranks And being to open them again the Ranks are first to be opened and then the Files All the Files close to the right and left towards the middle of the Body Command Ranks close forward to your close Order Direction All the Ranks move forward saving the first which stand The second Rank having their distance stand and so all the rest The Horse being to wheel it must be conceived that it cannot be performed by them in so exact a manner nor in so strait a room as the Foot therefore the Commander is to ride a reasonable compass that so the Horse may do it with convenience Command To the left hand Wheel Certain Authors as Melzo and Basta would have the Horse in all their Wheelings to do it by the left which is the readier way unless the ground or other hinderace will not permit it the Wheeling to the Right is here omitted which should in order go first Direction All the Body must move to the left upon the left File-leader who is the Center or Hinge upon which the whole Body turneth To reduce them Command Wheel as you were There is also Wheeling to the Right or Left about Wheeling Wings into the Front c. To reduce them into their first Order Direction First the Ranks are to be opened then the Files which bringeth them to their first form In opening of Ranks the only way is to do it by opening forward These and such like Motions are directed and commanded by the Voice of the Commander but because the Voice cannot at all times be heard especially in gross bodies by reason of the clashing of Armor trampling and neighing of Horses tumultuous sounds and noise of the Multitude and that especially in fight Antiquity hath invented helps making three kinds of Military Signs or Directions 1. Vocal which is by the Commanders Voice pronounced by the inferior Officers to the Ear. 2. Semivocal by Drum Trumpet or other Warlike instrument to the Ear. 3. Mute By Signs to the Eye as by the Ensign Standard c. The Cavalry therefore must be taught distinctly to know the Sounds of the Trumpet as when to clap on their Saddles when to mount when to repair to their Cornet when to Troop away when to give a Charge when to retreat when to attend the Watch and the like All which being the louder Voice of the Commander they must perfectly observe and obey Notwithstanding I have here propounded a Troop of 64 Horse to be exercised in their Motions and those of eight in File yet the general opinion is that a Troop ought not to be deeper then five in File though the Troop do consist of 100 Horse Every Troop must be furnished with A Captain A Lieutenant A Cornet A Quartermaster Three Corporals Two Trumpetters A Clerk A Sadler A Ghyrurgeon A Farrier When the Troop is to March they are to be divided into three equal parts according to the number of Corporals which parts are called Squadrons and distinguished by these Names The Captains Lieutenants and Cornets Squadron The first Squadron is to be led by the Captain the second by the Cornet the third by the eldest Corporal the Lieutenant and Quartermaster are to march in the Reer The manner how a Troop of 60 Horse besides Officers should March
the pains to be a good Muskettier certainly cannot be idle but hath gained something more to make him capable of such praise To conclude I shall desire the Gentlemen of the Pikes and the Gentlemen of the Muskettiers to go hand in hand in love like dear Brothers and neither of them to envy each other and in so doing God will give a blessing to their undertakings But now fearing I have dwelt too long upon this discourse of the Arms I shall next proceed to set down first the postures of the Pike then the postures of the Musket with all the words of command tending to their Motions after collect them in order in a brief way and then set forth unto you the equality of number that the one Arms hath with the other in the postures as followeth CHAP. III. The Postures of the Pike THE Pike lying on the ground the first word of Command will be Stand to your Arms. Handle your Pike to your Open Order Handle your Pike to your Order Raise up your Pike to your Close Order Charge with the But-end of the Pike at the inside of the right foot your Pike in the left hand drawing your Sword over your left arm Charge to the Front Right Flank Left Flank Reer Order your Pikes and put up your Swords This way of charging to the Horse I have set down as being practised sometimes amongst us in our private Meetings but I conceive it to be of little use to receive a desperate charge of the Horse for by these charges the Souldiers are in so lame and weak a posture that the Horse cannot choose if they come on with a full career but beat the Pikes and Pike-men down to the ground Therefore in my opinion the best way of opposing the Horse-charge is that which we learned of our ever-honoured Captain Major Henry Tillier in the Military Garden which was Files closing to the midst to their closest Order insomuch that there was not above half a foot interval of ground between File and File the Pikes Porting and after closing their Ranks forwards so close that they locked themselves one within another and then charged on Which in my judgment is so secure a way from routing that it is impossible for any Body of Horse to enter therein and farther to my best remembrance I never could meet with any Souldier that hath been a broad upon any service that ever saw any charging of the Pikes at the Foot therefore I will further proceed From Order Advance Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Order as you were From your Order charge to the Front Right Left Reer Order as you were Advance your Pike Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Advance as you were From your Advance charge to the Front Right Left Reer Advance as you were Shoulder your Pike Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Shoulder as you were From the Shoulder charge to the Front Right Left Reer Shoulder as you were Port your Pikes Comport your Pikes Cheek Trail your pikes Comp. as you were From the Comport charge to the Front Right Left Reer comport as you were Cheek your Pikes Trail your Pikes Cheek as you were From the Cheek charge to the Front Right Left Reer Cheek as you were Trail your Pikes from your Trail charge to the Front Right Left Reer Trail as you were Order your Pikes Lay down your Pikes Here is to be observed by this Method an endeavouring to perform all the postures of the Pike from each particular posture only shortning it by degrees leaving out what was before commanded until we come unto the Trial. Yet notwithstanding I spared not the charges but have shewn them from every posture in their due order Next followeth the postures of the Musket wherein in answerableness to the Pike I shall lay them down in full and afterwards contract them in a shorter way CHAP. IV. The Postures of the Musket THE Musket lying on the ground the first word of Command will be as to the Pike Stand to your Arms Take up your Bandiliers Put on your Bandiliers Take up your Match Place your Match Take up your Rest Put the string of your Rest about your left wrist Take up your Musket Rest your Musket Here the Souldier may perform the saluting posture if he shall find any occasion so to do for the honouring of a friend or any Gentleman of worth Poyse your Musket Shoulder your Musket Un-shoulder your Musket and Poyse Joyn your Rest to the outside of your Musket Open your pan Cleer your pan Prime your pan Shut your pan Cast off your loose corns Blow off your loose corns and bring about your Musket to the left side Trail your Rest Ballance your Musket in your left hand Find out your charge Open your charge Charge with powder Draw forth your Scouring-stick Turn and shorten him to an Inch Charge with Bullet Put your scouring-stick into your musket Ram home your charge With-draw your scouring-stick Turn and shorten him to a handful Return your scouring-stick Bring forward your Musket and Rest Poyse your Musket recover your Rest Joyn your Rest to the outside of your Musket Draw forth your Match Blow your Coal Cock Your Match Fit Your Match Guard your Pan Blow the ashes from your Coal Open your Pan Present upon your Rest Give fire brest-high Dismount your Musket joyning the Rest to the outside of your Musket Vn-cock and return your Match Cleer Your Pan Shut Your Pan Poyse Your Musket Rest Your Musket Take your Musket off the Rest and set the Butt-end to the ground Lay down your Musket Lay down your Match Take your Rest into your right hand cleering the string from your left wrist Lay down your Rest Take off Your Bandiliers Lay down Your Bandiliers Here endeth the postures of the Musket from the taking of them up from the ground to make ready and the proceeding in them to the laying of them down again Now if the Souldier will take his Rest into his right hand for to be a support and help to him in his march he must observe the following words of command Lay your right hand upon the Butt-end of your musket The Musket being shouldered you may proceed in these words of command to recover the Rest into the right hand Lay your left arm over your musket Shift your match between the fingers of your right hand Take your Rest into your right hand cleering the string from your left wrist Return your match and take your Rest into your right hand 't will cause you to be in a fit capacity for to march CHAP. V. The Postures and Charges of the Pike to be performed in a shorter way all things acted in order and nothing done twice THE Pike lying on the ground the first word of Command will be Stand to your Arms Handle your Arms Raise up your Pikes to your Open Order Order Close Order From your close Order charge to the Horse Front Right
And always the Captain ought to march his company after this manner all abrest provided he have ground sufficient for the same And being far more graceful so to do then to march them stragling upon a long march for it doth represent in some kind the manner of marching of a Regiment and at such times the Serjeants are to march upon the Angles as is before described moving to and again sometimes upon the Flanks and causing the Souldiers to keep their Distance of order in File and open order in Rank and to march all even abrest and after to return again unto their places CHAP. XXIV Before I come to make description of a Body I shall shew some further Reasons of the Serjeants places of lesser Companies with the placing of the Drums IT happens many times some Companies falls not out so large as is before set forth and that they have but three Serjeants and therefore it would be known when that they have but one Division of Muskettiers in the Van two Divisions of Pikes and one Division of Muskettiers in the Reer which is the Reer-Guard where then the placing of these three Serjeants and three Drums shall be upon their long March and where to be marching all abrest To which I answer in the first place the youngest Serjeant is always to attend the Captain and having no Division to lead he is to be upon the right Angle of the Front there expecting his Captains pleasure and commands and the second Serjeant is to lead the second Division of Pikes and the eldest Serjeant to lead the last Division of Muskettiers or the Reer-Guard here are their places upon the long march But when they are drawn up and so march even abrest the youngest Serjeants place as is before exprest is to march upon the right Angle in the Front and the eldest upon the left the second Serjeant is to march in the right Angle in the Reer They having their places thus stated are to move sometimes up and down upon the Flanks in their marching causing the Souldiers to keep their due distance of order in File and open order in Rank and to march even abrest and after they may return to their places again But here methinks I meet with some Objector by the way who saith the eldest is much wronged herein for that it is his proper place to be upon the right that when Forlorns are drawn off against an Enemy he is there ready first to lead them on claiming it as his due to give the first on set and therefore far more honour for him to be on the right then on the left and the eldest Serjeant rather placed on the left then on the right As for the second Serjeants place 't is fit he should be in the Reer to assist the Lieutenant there he having none but he to help him if any occasion should require To which I answer that it is the youngest Serjeants place to be upon the right Angle either upon a Stand or upon a March and not the eldest for these reasons following The youngest Serjeant is not placed there for any honour that it is to him for he hath no Division at all to lead upon the March except the Company be very great and if so he is placed so near the Captain to be serviceable to him to carry and convey his pleasures unto all the rest of the Officers As for the leading of the Van-guard upon the March the Captain takes that place unto himself and it is far more honour unto the eldest Serjeant to be a Leader of the Reer-guard or entirely the left Flank then to lead a Subdivision of Pikes And besides that it is properest for his place to be upon the left when they are all drawn up upon a brest for these two reasons as first he is thereupon in readiness to take his due place upon the sub-dividing on the long March and again upon a Stand when they are all drawn up and ready to engage against an Enemy and the Forlorns to be drawn forth equally alike from both Flanks he is then as ready in the Front to execute his Captains Commands the youngest Serjeant being likewise sent to be something helpful to him and attending after for further order from his Captain to send him relief by the second Serjeant as occasion shall require So that in my judgement take it either upon the long March or otherwise when drawn all up even abrest all things are so stated for his due honour and place that he hath no reason to complain nor any of the rest having all their due and proper places which doth belong unto them As for the placing of the Drums upon the long March every Division ought to have his Drums fall between such Ranks as before exprest excepting only the second Division of Pikes which may be excused when they are to beat a March as being all drawn up they are to fall in two to beat even abrest upon the right and one upon the left as is before set down If it should chance further in a Company to be so small to have but three Divisions that is to say one Division of Muskettiers in the Van the Body of Pikes in the midst and another Division of Muskettiers to bring up the Reer-guard and having but two Serjeants and two Drums the youngest Serjeants place will be as before mentioned upon the right in the Front and the eldest Serjeant upon the left and to take his place to lead the last Division of Muskettiers upon the long March and the first Drum to beat in the first Division of Muskettiers and the second to beat and to march along amongst the Pikes I have a little more enlarged my self in this Discourse of placing of the Serjeants then I at first intended but meeting many times with several Souldiers desiring satisfaction in every one of these particulars I shall perhaps undergo here the hard censure of some for this my tedious Discourse but such others which desire to be knowing herein I hope they will have a more favourable opinion of my good meaning unto them And here I shall conclude for the present concerning the particular places of the Serjeants in every private Company and now supposing as by order from the Captain the Serjeants have brought up their Divisions standing again as before expecting something more to be spoken unto them they silently stand to hear what follows CHAP. XXIV A Description of a Body of men throughout with all their several parts and kinds IT is very necessary knowledge to every particular Souldier to be acquainted throughout with all the parts of a Body of men drawn up with their several extents and bounds and with the true understanding of the same Where first note the Description of Files a File is a Sequence of men consisting of Leaders and Followers from the first unto the last the joyning of Files flank-wise maketh Ranks and is the compleating up of a
left to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files rank 12 to the right Reer-half-files face about and rank 12 to the left face to your Leader march up and close forwards to your due Distance Command Ranks wheel inward into the right Flank Direction Half-files face about Front and Reer-half-files march from the midst to twice double distance after Front and Reer-half-files face about Front-half-files wheel your Ranks to the left Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks to the right to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files rank 12 to the left Reer-half-files face about and rank 12 to the right face to your Leader and close your Divisions The left Flank challengeth the next place but I shall spare that pains in regard it is to be done by the same words of Command onely altering the hand I come therefore in the next place to shew how Ranks and Files may file outward to both Flanks and midst at one and the same time by proper words of Command as followeth CHAP. XLVI Of Files filing or Ranks filing to both the Flanks and the Midst at one and the same time Command FIles file to the right and left of both Flanks and the midst of Files Direction The outmost File upon each Flank and the two middle Files are to move away the rest are to fall in successively behind to the right and left filing to both Flanks and to the midst after to stand and even their Ranks and streighten their Files Reducement Files file six to right and left inward moving between the Flanks and the middle files Command Files file to both Flanks and to the midst of Files advancing Direction The outmost File upon each Flank stand and so likewise the two inmost Files the rest move forth and place themselves successively filing advancing toward both Flanks and the midst of Files Reducement Files file six to the right and left inward to the Reer placing yourselves between the Flanks and the middle files the moving part is to face about and to march down according to command as before exprest after face to their Leader Command Files file to both Flanks and the midst by Division They must be at order both in rank and file Direction The outmost File upon each Flank and the two inmost Files stand Half-files of the other Files face about and march forth and file by threes to the right and left into both Flanks and the midst facing to their Leader they will stand in four Files eighteen deep Reducement The six middlemost men in each File stand the three first and the three last Ranks file six to the right and left inward the three first Ranks face about then moving by threes between the outmost File of each Flank and the middle Files after facing to their Leader Command Files file inward into both Flanks and into the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about march all and open from the midst to twice double distance face all about to the right the two inmost and the two outmost Files stand the rest move successively by threes until they file into both Flanks and into the midst face to your Leader Reducement Files file three to the right and left inward into the Front and Reer Half-files face about the three first and the three last Ranks stand the 12 middlemost men move inward by threes into Front and Reer between the outmost and the middlemost Files face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Files file both Flanks and to the midst of Files every man placing himself before his Bringers-up Direction Face all about the two outmost Files and the two middlemost Files stand the rest move forth to the right and left placing themselves successively before their Bringers-up filing towards both Flanks and the midst of Files face to your Leader Reducement Files file six to the right and left inward following your Bringers-up between the Flanks and the middle Files the first six Ranks are to stand Command Files file to both Flanks and to the midst of Files advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Direction The outmost File upon each Flank and the two middlemost Files stand the rest advance forward placing themselves successively before their Leaders filing both Flanks and to the midst of Files Reducement Files file six to the right and left inward into the Reer following your Leaders between the Flankers and the middle Files the six last Ranks face about and after they have filed they are all to face to their Leader Command Files file to both Flanks and to the midst by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and Bringer-up Direction The outmost File upon each Flank and the two inmost stand Half-files of the other Files face about and then command them to move filing to both Flanks and into the midst placing themselves before their Leaders and Bringers-up to your Leader Reducement The six middlemost men in each File stand the three first and the three last Ranks file six to the right and left inward every man placing himself before his Leader and Bringer-up the three first Ranks face about and then with the three last they are to move forward between the outmost and the middlemost Files that is by threes to place themselves before their Leaders and their Bringers-up face to your Leader Command Files file inward into both Flanks and into the midst every man placing himself before his Leader and Bringer-up Direction Half-files face to the Reer march all and open from the midst to twice double distance face all about to the right the two inmost and the two outmost Files upon each Flank stand the rest move successively by threes placing themselves before their Leaders and Bringers-up filing into both Flanks and the midst face to your Leader Reducement Files three to the right and left inward into Front and Reer every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Half-files face about the three first and three last Ranks stand the 12 middlemost men move forwards by threes between the outmost and the middle Files placing themselves as aforesaid face to your Leader and close your Divisions CHAP. XLVII Of Ranks wheeling to both the Flanks They are to be at double distance in Ranks and at order in Files Command RAnks wheel to the right and left to both Flanks advancing Direction The outmost men upon the right and left in every Rank are the hinges of the Motion the rest are to divide their Ranks by wheeling six to the right and six to the left until they have brought their Aspects unto both the Flanks after face to their Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the right and left inward into the Reer face all to the right and left about inward and begin the Motion from each File to rank six to the right and six to the left making up 12 abrest in the Reer the rest following until they have made six Ranks in a brest face to your Leader Command
the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank stand the rest face to the right pass through and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men face to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the right and stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your right-hand-men face all to the right and the motion being ended face to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the left and stand the rest face to the right pass through and place your selves behind your right-hand-men to your Leader Direction For these three last Counter-marches is for the moving part to begin to Counter-march who are the next Files of the standing part and so to follow successively until they have performed the command and after to face to their Leader Command The right-hand-file of the left half-rank and the outmost File upon the right stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the out side of your right-hand-men following your outmost Files Direction The outmost Files are to face to the right and to lead away until they be clear of the next who likewise are to follow successively Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the right and stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your right-hand-men Direction Face all to the right and the outmost Files that were are to begin the motion placing themselves before their right-hand-men the rest following successively to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the left and stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your right-hand-men Direction The outmost Files are to turn about until they have brought their aspects unto the right Flank then move away until they be clear of the second File and in like manner they are to turn off doing the same until they have placed themselves behind their right-hand-men then facing to the left about and after to their Leader to even their Ranks and straighten their Files Command Counter-march your right and left Half-Ranks from the midst Direction Face inward right Half-ranks turn off to the right left Half-ranks turn off to the left to your Leader CHAP. LIV. Divisional Counter-marches of the right and left Half-ranks Command THe outmost File upon each Flank stand the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men Direction The rest face outward and begin the motion by the next Files the others following in order after to close their Files into the Midst to open Order Command The outmost File upon each Flank face outward and stand the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves before your outside men Direction The rest are to face outward and the next Files unto them that first faced are to begin the motion placing themselves before their outside men after face to their Leader and close Files into the midst to Order Command The outmost File upon each Flank face inward the rest pass through and place your selves behind your outside men Direction The rest are to face outward and to pass through to the right and left placing themselves behind their right and left-hand-men and after to move forward and close their Divisions and face to their Leader Command The outmost File upon each Flank stand the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men following your inmost Files Direction The inmost Files are to begin the motion moving away to the right and left until they be clear of their second Files and then they are to move away successively until they have all placed themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men and then close files into the midst to open Order Command The outmost Files upon each Flank face outward the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves before your right and left-hand-men following your inmost Files Direction The rest are likewise to face outward and the inmost Files are to begin the motion the rest following in order until they have placed themselves before their outside men after face to the Front and close Files into the midst to open Order Command The outmost File upon each Flank face inward the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves behind your outside-men following the inmost Files Direction The rest are to face outward the inmost Files begin to move forward to the right and left the rest consequently do the same until they all stand behind their outside-men then facing to the right and left about closing their Divisions by moving forwards after face to the Front Command Counter-march your right and left Half-ranks from the midst losing ground and placing your selves before your outside-men Direction Face inward Right-half-ranks turn off to the right and Left-half-ranks turn off to the left and move forwards until you have placed your selves before your outside-men after face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to open order Command Right and Left-half-ranks interchange ground Direction Face inward and pass through to your own right-hand until you be cleer six foot each of other after face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to open order Command Right and left half-ranks Counter-march to the right and left and interchange ground Direction Face outward Right-half-ranks turn off to the right Left-half-ranks turn off to the left and march clear each of the other after face to the Front and close Files inward to open order Thus much may suffice to be spoken of all the several sorts and kinds of Counter-marches which if any shall conceive my pains fruitless in culling out such plenty and variety there being so few of them practised among able and knowing Souldiers my best apology will be The high and venerable esteem I had of Antiquity necessitated me thereunto as also to give full satisfaction to the Leaders of our private Meetings who of late have laboured to inure their Souldiers in the full practice thereof made me the willinger rather to undergo the censure of some then to incur the displeasure of many Yet by the way give me leave fully to declare my self concerning the use of them for my opinion is that of all the Motions tending to Martial Discipline these may the best be spared as being of little use and not so much as practised abroad upon service and therefore the fewer of them any Leader shall use in his Exercise in my judgement he doth the better not spending time in needless speeches telling of his Souldiers that this is the Macedonian this is the Lacedemonian or Chorean Counter-march Not to
Command The left-hand-man of the middlemost Rank face about the middlemost Rank march two paces before the Front and Reer face to your Leader and close Ranks and Files to Order  1  5  3 4  6  2  Command The second Rank from the Front double the first to the right and left outward by Division the last man in the Reer close forward to Order   1   4 5  3 6   2   Command The out most men of the middle Rank face about and move down even with the Reer to your Leader   1    5  3  4  2  6 Reducement The middlemost man in the Reer advance forwards to the left into the Front Files close inward to your Order Files to the right double Half-files double your Front to the left Files double your Depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Files rank two to the right Ranks rank entire to the left into the Reer every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Direction Face about and after being faced to their Leader they will stand after this manner 6 5 4 3 2 1. Rank file to the right they are reduced CHAP. LXVI Words of Command to produce the first Eight Figures of Battail with their Reducement Command HAlfe-file double your Front to the left 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 Command The last Rank face about the two middle Ranks face outward march all some two paces to your Leader  5 1  6   2 7   3  8 4  Command The first Rank move forwards two paces the third Rank close inwards to open Order   5 1   6     2  7   3    8 4   Command the third Rank from the Front face outward march all three paces to your Leader The first Rank stand the rest face outward and move two paces to your Leader    5 1     6     2  7  8   4  3 Command The first Rank face about march all until you be clear one of another to your Leader  6     2  7  8   4  3    5 1    Command The last Rank move to the right and left and place your selves three foot behind the Front-Divisions  6   2  7  8 4  3  5   1  Command Division on the right face about march all until you be clear one of another then face to the right and march until you stand even abrest of each other face to your Leader  6  7  8  5   2  4  3  1  Command Reer-Division face about the last man in each Division move forwards into the midst of the Rank that is before you face to your Leader aâ—â— close your Divisions to Order  6  7 5 8 4 2 3  1  Command The last man in the 〈◊〉 move forwards to the right in the Rank of him that stands before you the last Rank open outwards to Order to your Leader    6     7  5  8  4  2  1  3 Redueement Face all about the last man in the Reer move forwards on the left into the Rank that is before you even your Ranks and straighten your Files to your Leader Files double inward by Division Double your Ranks to the left entire into the Front and Reer Direction Halt-files face about after face to your Leader and the last Rank close forward to Order and even your Ranks and straighten your Files Wheel Front and Reer to the left Flank Direction The last Rank face about then face to your Leader and Counter-march the File they are reduced CHAP. LXVII Words of Command for the second Eight Figures of Battail with their Reducement Command FIle rank to the left one three and four the last Rank face outwards and move three paces to your Leader    1      4 3 2   8 7    6 5 Command The two inmost men of the last Rank close inward to close Order the two outmost men of the last Rank fall back two paces    1     4  3  2    7  6   8      5 Command The middlemost man in the first Rank face about march all till you are clear one of another to your Leader    1     4    2    7  6   8      5    3    Command Files close into the midst to Order the last man move forward to Order  1  4  2 7  6 8  5  3  Command The middlemost Rank open to the right and left to double distance   1    4  2  7    6  8  5    3   Command The outmost men upon the Flanks face inward the last man in the Reer face about the first and the last Rank face to the four Angles move all three paces to your Leader   1   4    2  7  6  8    5   3   Command The first man in the Front and the last man in the Reer stand the rest face outward and march three paces to your Leader   1   4    2  7  6  8    5   3   Command The last men of the outmost Files move forwards to the right and left until you range even abrest with the middle-men    1     4    2  8  7  6  5    3    Reducement The last man in the Reer move forward and range even abrest with the first Rank Ranks file to the right following your Leader they are reduced CHAP. LXVIII Words of Command for the third Eight Figures of Battail with their Reducement Command BRingers-up double your Front to the left 8 1 7 2 6 3 5 4 Command The first and the last Rank stand the third Rank double outward Rank-wise the Middle-rank face outward march all two paces to your Leader   8 1   6 7   2 3   5 4   Command The middle Rank stand the rest double to the right File-wise face all to the Center and march some two paces to your Leader   1     8  Â
the Front move a little to the right the second man from the first Rank double the first man to the left Rank-wise the first Rank wheel off by Division and double the last man in the Reer to the right and left Rank-wise Ranks close forwards to Order face to your Leader   5  1    4  3  2  6      10  7  8  9  Reducement The first and second Rank face about the first Rank double the second to the right and left outward to your Leader the last Rank move forward and even your Ranks and straighten their Files wheele Front and Reer to the left Flank the last Rank face about before they wheele then facing to their Leader they are reduced CHAP. LXX Twelve several Figures of Battail with a File twelve deep with their Reducement Command FRont Half-file double your Reer to the left face to your Leader Half-files double your Front to the left 10 7 4 1 11 8 5 2 12 9 6 3 Command The middlemost men upon each Flank face outward the two middle-men of the last Rank face about Those that are thus faced and the two middle-men of the first Rank move forward to your Leader three paces the first and the last Rank stand the rest move outwards two paces face to your Leader    7 4     10     1  11  8   1  2  12     3     9 6    Command The outmost Divisions open from the midst almost to twice double distance the first Rank face about and rank even with the midst of Ranks face to your Leader The last Rank double to the right File-wise the second man from the Reer advance forward and place himself three foot before the middle-men the last man at the same time closing forward to Order  10    6    1  11  8  7  4  5  2  12    9    3  Command The outmost Division upon the right move away the rest successively falling in the Reer of them until they stand straight after the first Division  1  5  2  3   6  7  4  9   10  11  8  12  Command The outmost man upon the left of the middle Division to open to the left to double distance the rest of that Division to face to the right and to move clear of the standing part face to your Leader the last man in the Front face about ro the last Division the first man of the Front-Division and the first man of the Reer-Division to move forwards and to close to open Order after facing to the left Flank closing to the outmost man to Order face to your Leader and after face all to the Center and move a little forward to your Leader    1      5  2    3    6  7      4  10    9    11  8      12    Command The outmost man upon the right and the outmost man upon the left close inward to Order   1    5  2  3    6  7  4  10    9  11  8    12   Command The two middle men move forth to the right and left three foot clear of the standing part the first man in the Front face about the first man in the Front and the last man in the Reer move into the second that is before you to your Leader   5  2    3  1  6  7      4  10  12  9    11  8   Command The two outmost men upon each Flank close inward to open Order  5  2  3  1  6  7  4  10  12  9  8  11  Command Face all to Front Reer and both Flanks and the four middle then move forwards into the Rank that is before them and they will stand in a Square face to your Leader  5 1 2  3    6 7    4 10    9  11 12 8  Command Files rank outward the middleman of the first Rank move forward and place himself three foot before his right and left-hand-man the outmost and the middle man of the last Rank move backward and place himself three-foot behind the Reer-division close forwards to open order     1        5  2    10 7 3    6 4 9    11  8        12     Command The first and the last Rank move to the left one pace and after double to the right File-wise the Middle-rank close inward to order    1       2       5    10 7 3  6 4 9    8       11       12    Command The two outmost men of the Middle-rank face about move down and range even abrest with the middle-man of the Reer-division closing inward to order and facing to the Front even men from the left move forwards and rank even abrest with the middle-man of the Front-division and close inward to order the outmost-men open outward to double distance   1    3 2 4    5   7    6   8    10 11 9    12   Command Reer-division face about and move two paces the outmost-man upon the left face about to the right with the last man in the Reer of each Division face to your Leader and move forward two paces    1    3  2  4   5  6    7  8  10   11  9    12   Reducement Reer-division face about middle man of the first Rank of each division move forward and rank two to the left into Front and Reer Files close into the midst to order Ranks close forwards to order half-Half-files double the Front to the right intire Ranks rank outward into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-men Ranks file to the right and left inward Files double your depth to the left
face to your Leader It might be expected that I should shew the several Charges upon all these Figures but in regard I may perhaps meet with some of them again in greater Bodies or the like I shall for present pass them over and in those places endeavour to give them the best satisfaction I can In the mean time they may with ease finde out in every one of them such Charges as may instruct the Souldiers how to fight whether it be Front Rear both Flanks or Angles they may be shewn and exercised in them according to the discretion of him that shall command them whether they be Muskettiers or Pike-men And therefore thus much shall suffice concerning the exercising of a File for matter of Figures In the next place followeth Exercise of greater Bodies The end of the first Book THE COMPLEAT BODY OF The Art Military The Second BOOK CHAP. I. Concerning the Artillery and the Military Gardens together with the Private Meetings in and about the City of LONDON THe great delight in handling of Arms in Military Exercises makes the City of London and the Suburbs thereof famous through the whole World by reason as I conceive of those two great Nurseries or Academies of Military Discipline the Artillery and Military Garden from whom as out of pure Fountains all other our Private Meetings as of Townditch and Cripplegate c. are derived The Artillery Gardens deserves the first place in respect it is the greatest Meeting from whence as it were out of a Nursery have been transplanted many able knowing Souldiers both at home and in foraign Countries to the great honour of our Nation The Military Garden is famous likewise for the great improvement of divers worthy persons of quality daily thither resorting whose excellent skill in Military Exercises hath raised many of them to high preferment here at home and to places of honourable command abroad The Captains in chief of these Academies are Major General Skippon and Major Henry Tyllier which later was the first that ever shewed in the Military Garden of which I am a member the marching of the Souldiers in a Regimental way whose great pains amongst us deserves much honour and high commendation shewing unto us such variety of matter in a Souldier-like way as was never before seen by any member thereof Not to eclipse the fore-mentioned Private Meetings in London but to give them that due which belongs unto them they likewise are of great honour and fame for their frequent exercising of their Souldiers in the handling of their Arms whether it be of the Pike or Musket and instructing them in the knowledge of Drilling and drawing up of Companies and Bodies of men furnishing both Kingdoms with able knowing Souldiers My hearty wishes therefore are that all and every one of them may be propt up and supported to all ages that when need shall require we may draw from these Fountains such skilful and experienced Commanders and Officers as may be as it were a Bulwark to this our Nation Not to dwell any longer upon this discourse I come therefore briefly to set forth several Exercises formerly practised by me amongst those loving Gentlemen of Town-ditch according to the usual numbers there appearing whether they be great or small practised for the most part with 24 or 32 men and sometimes although seldom with 64 men unless it were upon general days when they were drawn forth into the field at such times perhaps there might be an appearance of greater numbers as 120 and upwards My purpose therefore is to pitch upon and to make use of all and every one of these numbers making 12 Exercises dividing them by threes until I have run over them all conceiving them sufficient for the industrious to gather from thence matter enough for his intended Exercise And for the more enabling of them I shall endeavour in these curious times to walk along in as plain a way as possibly may be giving directions unto all Words of Command for the better performance of the same wishing all my loving fellow-Souldiers to conceive well of my good meaning intended to them desiring withall to be rightly informed of what part soever they fall upon that they proceed leasurely and orderly in the same which will not only be an encouragement unto the Author from whom they gather their Exercises but will bring much praises and commendation to themselves But to leave every one to their own best thoughts whilest I proceed to practise what before promised concerning the several Exercises following CHAP. II. The first Exercise of four Files six deep EAch File-leader as being his duty having gone over the Postures shewing and instructing his File with their uses and neat handling of their Arms hearing the Drums beat a Call for all to repair and stand to their Arms begin to lead up their Files according to Order the Leader then closing their Ranks and Files to close Order craving their silence may proceed to shew unto them all their several Distances and Facings according unto the former rule set down and after he may proceed to Doublings if he pleaseth as followeth CHAP. III. A Doubling consisting of sixteen in number every one differing from the other and not reduced until the last Word of Command Command FIles file to the right intire advancing Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Half-files double your Front to the left Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the right intire Command Right-half-ranks double your left Flank intire advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the right intire Command Left-half-ranks double intire the Depth of your right Flank Command Files file to the left intire advancing Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the right and left outward following your Leaders Direction Reer-half-files face about the File-leaders are to turn off to the right and left the rest are to follow them until they are marched down into the Reer and have doubled it to the right and left outward Command Half-files double your Front inward intire Command The two outmost Files upon each Flank double intire the Depth of the inmost Files Direction The two outmost Files face about inward and move streight down cleer of the standing part afterwards face inward march and close your Divisions to your Leader Command Front-half-files double your Reer inward intire Direction Reer-half-files face about and move outward cleer of the standing part Front-half-files face about march down and even the Reer to your Leader Command The two outmost Files upon each Flank double intire advancing the four inmost Files Direction The two outmost Files move forward cleer of the standing part face inward march and close your Divisions face to your Leader Command Double your Files inward intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Direction The two inmost Files stand the two outmost Files move forwards and double your inmost Files intire advancing
placing your selves before your Leaders Command Half-files double your Front to the right they are reduced CHAP. IV. Eight several Counter-marches with their Reducement Command FIle-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders Command The Right-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers-up Command The outmost File upon each Flank stand the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves before your outside-men Direction Face outward and pass through to the right and left placing your selves before the outmost Files to your Leader and close your Divisions to open Order Command Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers-up Direction The five first Ranks are to face about the next Rank to the Reer is first to begin the Motion the rest are successively to follow until the Leaders are become the Bringers-up Command The Left-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the left and place your selves on the out side of your left-hand-men Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Leaders and Bringers-up Direction The first and the two next Ranks from the Reer face about the two first Ranks from the Front and the two last Ranks from the Reer move forwards placing your selves behind your Leaders and your Bringers-up face to to your Leader and close your Divisions Command The outmost File upon each File face inward the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves behind your right and left-hand-men CHAP. V. Ten several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel the Front-half-files inward into the midst and double your Reer inward intire Direction Half-files face outward and march cleer of the standing part after face to the Reer Front-half-files open from the midst to open Order after Wheeling to the right and left inward into the Reer to your Leader Command Right and Left-half-ranks double the depth of the Battail by Wheeling into the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel to the left and Left-half-ranks wheel to the right to your Leader Command Wheel off the Front-half-files and double the Reer by division Direction Half-files face about and Front-half-files wheel off by Division moving down even with the Reer to your Leader Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double your left Flank to the right intire Direction Face outward and Right-half-ranks wheel about to the left and move away and double the left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files double the Depth of the Battail by wheeling into the Front and Reer Direction Half-files face to the Reer and Front and Reer-half-files wheel to the right and left inward face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank by Division Direction Face outward and Left-half-ranks wheel off by Division and move even with the right Flank to your Leader Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double the Front to the right intire Direction Half-files face about and wheel to the left until you have ranged even with the Front Command Wheel your Battail off by Division from the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel about to the right and left Half-ranks wheel about to the left and move down to the Reer face to your Leader and close into the midst to order Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank to the left intire Direction Face outward Left-half-ranks wheel about to the right and move forward and double the right Flank to the left intire to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front-Half-files and double the Reer to the left intire Direction Half-files face about and Front-half-files wheel about to the right move down and range even with the Reer face to your Leader reduceth them CHAP. VI. Six Figures of Battail with several Firings thereunto belonging Command RAnks and Files close to order they will stand us underneath is set forth from which we will draw our Figures after we have fired upon this Platform three or four times Command Double your Files inward intire advancing The first firing Let the first two Ranks advance forward ten paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right and left placing themselves before the Front of Pikes the next two Ranks and so the rest successively doing the like until they have Fired once over which reduceth them The second firing Let the first Rank advance three paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the rest doing the like until all have Fired once over as before The third firing Let them give Fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left and Flank the Pikes The fourth firing Let them Fire even with the Front and fall in with the Reer of the Pikes which being ended let the Pikes charge on Reducement Muskettiers double your Front by Division Command The first two Ranks stand the rest face outward and move cleer of the standing part to your Leader the two last Ranks move outward side-ways two paces The first firing Let every Division give Fire on the same ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let them advance forwards until they be cleer of the Pikes give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after moving down into their places Command Front-division advance forward three paces the two next Divisions move outward one pace Pikes in each Division face about and move two paces to your Leader Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer advance forwards and range even in Front and Reer with the Middle-divisions of Pikes the first Rank of Pikes in the Front-division move three foot cleer of the standing part The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let them give Fire to Front Reer and both Flanks altogether Direction Reer-divisions face outward the last Rank of Pikes and Muskettiers of the Front-division face to the Reer the last Rank of Muskettiers move down cleer of the Reer and close inward to order then last the Pikes port and after the Muskettiers have Fired charge on then retreating into their places again Command The first and the last Rank of Pikes face about and move down cleer of the Reer and close Ranks forwards to order outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about move down and flank your own divisions of Pikes The first Division of Pikes move forward and range even abrest with your own Division of Muskettiers the Front-division of Muskettiers closing into the midst to order The first firing Let the Front-division give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right
Half-file-leaders are to begin the Motion placing themselves as before commanded Command The out-most File upon the right and the second File from the stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the out-side of your right-hand men Command Files to the left-hand counter-march losing ground Command Front and Reer half-files counter-march to the right Direction Front and Reer half-files turn off distinctly by your selves on the ground you stand face to your Leader Command Right and left Half-ranks counter-march to the right Direction Face to the right and right and left Half-ranks turn off distinctly to the right face to your Leader they are reduced CHAP. X. Twelve several Wheelings with their Reducements Command WHeel your Reer Half-files inward into the midst and double the Front inward intire Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to double distance Reer half-files face about and wheel your Reer inward into the midst moving forward doubling the Front inward intire Command Wheel off your Right half-ranks and double your left Flank to the left intire Direction Face outward right Half-ranks wheel about to the right and double your left Flank to the left to your Leader Command Right and left Half-ranks double the Length of your Battail by wheeling outward to the Front Direction Face outward and right Half-ranks wheel to the left and left Half-ranks wheel to the right and after close Files into the midst to order Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double your left Flank by Division Direction Face outward right Half-ranks wheel about to the right and left outward moving forward doubling the left Flank to the right left outward Command Wheel your left Half-ranks inward into the right Flank Direction Face outward and open from the midst to double distance the Front and Reer half-files and after the left Half-Ranks may wheel inward and double the right Flank inward intire Command Wheele off your Reer Half-files and double your Front to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel your right Half-ranks inward into the midst and double the left Flank inward entire Direction Face outward and Front and Reer Half-files that were are to open from the midst to double distance and right Half-ranks wheel inward and move forward into the left Flank Command Wheel off your Reer Half-files and double your Front to the right entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your left Half-ranks and double your right Flank by Division Command Wheel off your Front Half-files and double your Reer to the right entire Half-files face about Command Double the Depth of the Battail by wheeling Front and Reer into the midst of each Division Direction Front Half-files move forward four paces then the last Rank of each Division face about and wheel into the midst of Front and Reer of each Division face to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front Half-files and double your Reer to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel your Battail off by Division from the Reer Direction Face all about and right Half-ranks wheel about to the right and left outward to the Front and closing Files into the midst to Order they will be reduced as at first and stand as underneath is set forth CHAP. XI Several plain Firings upon this Exercise of 24 men with Figures of Battail belonging to the same A Commander having thus passed over the Motions may next prepare for Firings and calling up his Serjeants he may give them order how the Muskettiers shall fire in Front and Reer but before he begin his Firings it will be expedient that he double his Front to the right and left inward by the Bringers-up which being ended he may proceed as followeth The first Firing Let them fire by Divisions drawn forth ten paces before the Front of Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves The second Firing Let them fire again and fall off to the right and left moving down before the Front of Pikes and closing their Divisions The third Firing Let the first Rank kneel down the next stoop and the last stand upright and give fire altogether the Pikes in the mean time are to advance their Arms and open to the right and left charge on to the Front until they be clear of the Muskettiers and then face inwards and close their Divisions then facing all about they may give fire to the Reer marching The fourth Firing Let the last Rank face about to the left and give fire and fall off to the right and left placing themselves before their Leaders of their own Divisions of Muskettiers The fifth Firing Let them face about to the left again give fire and fall off to the right and left and flank their Pikes the Pikes at the same instant facing about and charge on clear of the Muskettiers the Muskettiers after facing inward and close their Divisions the Pikes may charge to the Horse and the Muskettiers may give fire over their heads after this manner The sixth Firing Let the first Rank stoop and the other two stand upright and give fire altogether after recovering of their Arms they may all face to the Front commanding the Pikes to double the Front inward entire and afterwards Files to double their Depth to the right and left outward every man falling behind his Bringer-up closing Files into the midst to Order and wheeling about into the first Front he may proceed as followeth Command Front half-Half-files advance forwards three paces the middle Rank of each Division face outward and move clear of the standing part face to your Leader The first Firing Let the inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front fire and fall off in the Reer of themselves after facing about move down and interchange ground with them in the Reer they at the same instant moving up firing and in like manner interchanging ground with them in the Reer and at the same time the outmost men are to move up and fire to the Front and to fall off to the right and left into the place of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up and firing in like manner this firing may be continued twice over The second Firing Let them face to both the Flanks and let the Divisions of Pikes in the midst open outward until they be clear of the standing part then Porting let the Muskettiers give fire on the same ground they stand and the Pikes after may charge on until the Muskettiers make ready again and then retreating into their places again the Muskettiers may give fire as before is mentioned the Pikes in like manner charging on then retreating to their places face all to their Leader Command Inmost Divisions of Pikes move to the left one pace and double to the right File-wise and face to Front and Reer and march three paces middle File of Front and Reer-Divisions open from the midst to double Distance face to your Leader The first firing Face to Front and
moving forward in their room doing the like until all have fired over twice Command Muskettiers double your Ranks outward in each Division and they will stand as underneath Upon this Figure as in the former they may Fire likewise to the Front falling down into the Reer and after every Rank successively moving up into the Front may Fire and fall off in like manner this Firing may be done twice to the Front and being faced to the Reer they may there give Fire after this manner and after face to their first Front Command Muskettiers double to the right and left inward File-wise middlemost division of Muskettiers face outward and march until you have placed your selves in Front and Reer of the outmost Divisions of Pikes The last Rank of Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers double to the right File-wise and move forward until your first men exceed two foot the Front of each division which occasioneth the next Figure It is now high time that we put a period to this Exercise wherefore let the Ensign unfurl his Colours the Souldiers shoulder their Arms and the Drum beat a march upon which the Ensign being in the midst may display his Colours so long as shall be convenient and after the Leader may proceed to their reducement as followeth Reducement Middle-file of Muskettiers face about and march cleer of your own Divisions and double to the left Rank-wise Muskettiers close inward to order Pikes double to the right and left outward File-wise Files close into the midst to order Ranks close to order Pikes move forward and even your Front Pikes and Muskettiers interchange ground they are reduced Now the Leader may command the Muskettiers to troop away and after he may lodge his Colours thereby refreshing both himself and his Souldiers until the next summons by beat of the Drum CHAP. XV. The fourth Exercise consisting of four Files eight deep THe Souldiers upon the fourth summons coming unto the place of Exercise make fuller appearance then before insomuch that their Files are drawn forth eight deep the Leaders thereof having spent some time in exercising them in each particular posture are called upon to joyn into a body where their Leader stands bethinking of himself what new matter he should delight them with there being sufficient in any one particular motion for their Exercise pitches for present to spend his chiefest time in motions upon facing continuing longer in them in respect of the several Figures of Battail demonstrated by them Now for the more ready performance thereof I shall onely give the several words of command for each particular Figure which may be drawn from these facings referring the Reader to the Figures themselves where I shall have occasion to make use of them upon Firings which shall be made known unto him by Alphabetical letters pointing from each facing to the Figure it produceth To come briefly to the exercise in hand silence being craved and Ranks and Files closed to order the Leader may proceed to these or the like particular facings producing eighteen Figures of Battail Alphabetically set forth with their reducements Command half-Half-files double your front to the left Direction Files open from the right to open order half-Half-files advance your Arms and move forward to the left and double the Front Command Files open from the midst to open order Muskettiers close outward to close order the inmost Files of Pikes close outward to close order Ranks close to Front and Reer to order and they will stand in eight Divisions Command Reer-division of Pikes face about Muskettiers face outward move all three paces to your Leader pointeth to the first Figure marked by the Alphabetical letter A. Command Muskettiers face inward Division of Pikes face outward march all until the Pikes are cleer three foot of the Muskettiers to your Leader this forms the Figure demonstrated unto you by the Alphabetical B. Command Reer-division of Muskettiers upon the left face about to the right Reer-division of Muskettiers upon the right face to the right Front-division of Muskettiers upon the left face to the left Divisions of Pikes face to the Center move all until your Muskettiers be cleer three foot of Front Reer and both Flanks then let them stand and face the Divisions of Muskettiers to the left and the Division of Pikes to face about to the right and to move all two paces then face all to the Center and close their Divisions a little after face to their Leader C. Command Reer-divisions of Muskettiers stand the rest face to the Reer march all until your Reer-division range even abrest with those upon the Flanks to your Leader D. Command Reer-divisions of Pikes face outward march all until the Reer-divisions of Pikes be cleer of the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers then let the Reer-divisions of Pikes face to the Front the rest face to the Reer march all three paces to your Leader E Command Divisions of Muskettiers in the midst face about march all until the Middle-division of Muskettiers range even with the Reer to your Leader F. Command Front-divisions of Pikes face to the outward Angles Reer-division of Pikes face about and after face to inward Angles of the Reer outmost divisions of Muskettiers face to your inward Angles Front-division of Muskettiers face about as you are now faced move all some three paces to your Leader G. Command Muskettiers face to Front Reer and both Flanks Divisions of Pikes face to the Center march all until you be even abrest in Front Reer and both Flanks to your Leader H. Command Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face about the outmost Divisions face inward Divisions of Pikes face to the Center march all three paces to your Leader I. Command Divisions of Muskettiers upon the left in the midst and the three last Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers to face to the Reer and move three paces and stand Middle-divisions face to the left and the rest face to the right and move three paces to your Leader K. Command The four last Divisions face to the left the four first Divisions face to the right move all until you be cleer one of another then face to the right and march until you range even abrest in Front and Reer face to your Leader L. Command The two inmost Divisions of Pikes stand the rest face inward march all until the Middle-divisions be three foot cleer of the Front to your Leader M. Command Front-divisions of Pikes face outward the rest face outward march all until the Front-divisions range even with the outmost Divisions of Pikes face your Leader N. Command Front-divisions of Muskettiers face outward the rest face inward march all until the Front-divisions of Muskettiers are cleer of the Pikes then stand and the six last Divisions to face about and move three paces to your Leader O. Command Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face outward march all some six paces Reer-division of Muskettiers face to the Front the rest face to the Reer and move until the
Reer-divisions range even abrest with the Front to your Leader P. Command Front-division of Pikes upon the left face about march all until that Division be six foot cleer of the Reer then stand and Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes face to the left and move two paces to your Leader Q. Command Front-division of Pikes face about march all until the Front-division of Pikes range even abrest with the first Division of Muskettiers to your Leader R. Command The two outmost divisions of Muskettiers face about outmost divisions of Pikes face outward move all until the outmost Muskettiers stand streight with the Front-division of Muskettiers then face to your Learder S. Reducement Divisions of Pikes face inward the three last Divisions face about march all some six paces Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes face to the left Muskettiers face about move all two paces to your Leader Divisions move forwards and double your Front close Files inward to order and Ranks forward to order double Files to the left intire advancing reduceth them Thus much I conceive may be sufficient at one time for a Leader to exercise his Company with the motions upon their Facings so that he shall not need to trouble himself with any more then Firings Where first as is most properest we will begin with some plain Firings to the Front for the performance whereof let the Half-files double their Front to the left and Ranks and Files close forwards and inward to order The first firing Let them Fire by Divisions drawn forth ten or twentie paces and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the Muskettiers close their Divisions before the Front of Pikes and give Fire and fall all off upon the right Flank The third firing The Body moving or marching let the outmost Files face to the right and give Fire and lead away by the contrary side of their Pikes by the Leaders of the File the next File may do the same and consequently all the rest until all have Fired then let them face to the right the Pikes in the interim charging on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The fourth firing Let the Pikes open from the midst that the Muskettiers may come up between them two Ranks may kneel down and the other two stand upright and Fire altogether the Pikes then charging and after retreating they may close again into the midst continuing their Aspects to the right Flank the Pikes may port and the Muskettiers may slieve up upon the right and left of the Pikes the first Rank giving Fire and presently falling before the Front of Pikes the next Rank doing the same falling still behind their own Muskettiers and before the Front of Pikes as they are then faced and having all Fired after that manner they may Fire again and flank their Pikes then facing to Front and Reer they may give Fire to both places and fall off to the right and left and Flank their pikes from Front and Reer and after face to their Leader Command Files open outward to open order Muskettiers close outward to order the inmost Files of pikes close outward to order Ranks close to Front and Reer to order Reer-divisions of pikes face about Muskettiers face outward move all three paces to your Leader And now you have the Figure of battail pointed out in the first place unto you by the Alphabet The first firing Let them Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right into the place of those Muskettiers in the Reer they at the same time moving up into the Front firing in like manner and moving down into their places again The second firing Let the Reer-divisions face about and after let them give Fire both to Front and Reer and falling in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge while the Muskettiers make ready again they may Fire a second time in the same manner The third firing Face all to both Flanks then let them give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes after charging on three paces and the Muskettiers retreating three paces after facing to their Leader produceth this Figure following The first firing Let the two first Divisions advance three paces before the Front give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move down into the places of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into their rooms giving Fire in like manner falling down into their places again this may be perform'd twice over after face them to Front and Reer The second firing Let them give Fire their Divisions advancing three paces before the Front and Reer falling in the Reer of themselves the Pikes charging on and the Muskettiers retreating into their places again facing to their Leader Command Reer-division of Muskettiers upon the left face about Reer-division of Muskettiers upon the right face to the right Front-division of Muskettiers upon the left face to the left Muskettiers march all cleer of the Pikes then stand after face them in their several Divisions to the left and move two paces to your Leader If you finde by the words of Command given to make the former Figure that your Divisions stand too thin you may face them all to the Center and move forward every Division two or three paces then face to their Leader The first firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheel off to the right into the room or place of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into the Front Firing and falling off in like manner this Firing may be performed twice The second firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Wings advance forward three paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move into their places The third firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers move to the right two paces Reer-division move up upon the left of them then let them all both in Front and Reer give Fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes after closing forward their Divisions may charge on and after retreating into their places again the Division of Muskettiers upon the left in the Front in the mean space facing about and moving down into their places The fourth firing Let the Muskettiers face to the Front Reer and both Flanks the Pikes face to the outward Angles of Front and Reer and Port then let them give Fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves Pikes may charge on to the four Angles then ordering all their Arms move the Reer-division of Muskettiers forward even with them of the Wings then face all to their Leader The first firing Let the first division Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down into the Middle-rank of Muskettiers they at the same time marching up into their ground Firing and falling off in like manner
The second firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Wings advance forward even abrest with those in the Front and Fire altogether the three Divisions falling in the Reer of themselves and after the outmost Divisions facing about and moving into their places again The third firing Let the Front-Division of Muskettiers face about move down and double the middlemost by division after let the Muskettiers face outward and move three paces and give Fire to both the Flanks falling off to the right and left the middle-divisions making good their ground and firing in like manner falling off Having Fired twice over to both the Flanks face them to their Leader and draw forth the outmost Files of Muskettiers of the middle-division before the Front of Pikes and close their Files inward to Order Command Reer-division of Pikes face outward and move two foot cleer of the standing part to your Leader The first firing Let the first division of Muskettiers give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after wheel about and fall in the midst of the Reer and range even abrest between the outmost divisions of Pikes after face to their Leader The second firing Let the three other divisions advance forwards altogether three foot before the Front and give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes charge on and the Muskettiers still preserving their ground making ready again whilst the Pikes retreat into their places The third firing Let them give Fire again in like manner the Pikes charging on and retreating as before then let the last divisions of Pikes move inward in a streight line with the outmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Front and they will stand as followeth The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves this may be performed twice then face to the Front and Reer the last Rank of the middle-division is to face about the first Rank are to continue their Aspects unto the Front The second firing Let the Pikes port to Front and Reer and the Muskettiers give Fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves and after the Pikes may charge on and retreat again they may continue this Figure twice the Pikes charging and after face to their Leader Command Reer-divisions of Pikes face about and move three paces and face to their Leader Front-divisions of Muskettiers face about and move down into the midst as before interchanging ground with the Reer-division of Muskettiers the two last Divisions of Pikes move outward until they be two foot clear of the next range of Muskettiers middle Division of Muskettiers move backward even with the Reer Division of Muskettiers to your Leader Upon this Figure face the three last Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers to the right about and let them give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may afterwards charge on to Front and Reer and retreat back again into their first places they may perform this firing twice the Pikes likewise charging up before and retreating into their places again face all to their Leader And now it will be expedient having almost tired the Muskettiers with these several Firings to end our fourth Exercise and lodge the Colours but first we will reduce them Reducement The outmost Division of Muskettiers on the right move forward and fall in the Reer of them in the Front Reer Division of Muskettiers move forward and fall in the Reer of the left Division of Muskettiers then let them move straight forwards and joyn with them in the Front and close the Pikes into the midst to Order and their Ranks forward to Order let the Pikes double the Front inward entire and after Files to double to the left entire advancing closing Files inward to Order they are reduced CHAP. XVI The Fifth Exercise with four Files Eight deep THe Souldiers having made timely appearance according to the Drums summoning unto such places as was appointed by their Commander and being by the Serjeants drawn forth into Files the Leaders thereof being permitted to instruct and teach their Files the Postures and handsome handling of their Arms are forthwith by warning of the Drum to lead up their Files and being joyn'd in a Body according to the discretion of the Superior Officers do there stand silently expecting what will follow The Captain or other that shall Exercise them first commands the Bringers-up to double their Front to the left and after appoints one of the Serjeants to fetch the Colours to which purpose he draws off the two inmost Files of Pikes and advancing their Arms the Drum beating a troop they may move away and bring them to the Company being led thither by the Ensign the Serjeant falling in the Reer of the Pikes and they falling into their places again they may be commanded Files to double their depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Now the former days Exercise being chiefly spent in the Motions by several Firings they may be spar'd in this and in lieu thereof the Leader may out of the former plain Doublings collect one that may continue long in exercise before reduced and in this Exercise he shall not need to trouble himself with Counter-marches or Wheelings but fall immediately alone upon the Motions with this Doubling or the like as followeth CHAP. XVII Thirty several Doublings with their Reducements Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Half-files advance your Arms and move to the right and left outward and double the Front Command Double your Files outward entire advancing Direction Even files from the Flanks move forward and double the odd and after close Files into the midst to Order Command half-Half-files double your Front to the right entire Command Right Half-ranks double the left Flank to the right Direction Face to the left right half-ranks move forward and double the left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the right entire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front inward entire Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank to the left Direction Face to the right left half-ranks advance your Arms and move forward to the left and double your right Flank Command Double your Ranks to the left entire Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front inward entire Direction Front half-files face outward and march clear of the standing part to your Leader half-files move forward and double the Front inward entire Command Right half-ranks double entire the depth of the left Flank Direction Left half-ranks stand right half-ranks face about and march clear of the standing part then face to the right and move forward even with the left Flank to your Leader Command Front half-files double
the Reer to the left entire Direction Front half-files face to the right march clear of the standing part face all to the Reer Front half-files move down and double the Reer to the left Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank to the left Direction Face all to the left right half-ranks move forward and double the left Flank to the left to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the left entire into the Reer Direction Face all to the Reer and every even Rank from the Reer move forth and double the odd to your Leader and close forward to Order Command The two outmost Files upon each Flank double entire advancing the four inmost Files Command Front half-files double the Reer to the right entire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank inward entire Direction Half-files of the left half-ranks face about left half-ranks move clear of the standing part face all to the left right half-ranks move forwards and double the left Flank inward entire Command The four middle ranks double your Front and Reer inward entire Direction Half-files face about the two first and the two last Ranks open outward until you be clear of the standing part then the four middle Ranks move forward two to the Front and two to the Reer doubling entire to both places face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command The two outmost Files upon each Flank double the four middlemost Files by Division Direction Half-files of the two outmost Files face about outmost Files move clear of the standing part then close inward to Order and face to your Leader Command The two first and the two last Ranks double the four middlemost Ranks inward entire Direction The four middle Ranks face outward and move clear of the standing part then face to your Leader the two first Ranks face about move forward with the two last doubling the middlemost inward entire to your Leader Command The four inmost Files double entire advancing the two outmost Files Direction The two outmost Files stand the inmost Files move forward clear of the standing part then face outward and move straight with the outmost Files to your Leader and close Files into the midst to Order Command Front half-half-files double the Reer by Division Direction The four middle Files double the two outmost Files inward entire Direction Half-files of the two outmost Files face about outmost files move forward clear of the standing part face all to the right and left outward inmost Files move forward and double the outmost inward entire to your Leader and close Files into the midst to Order Command Front half-half-files double your Reer to the left Command Files double your Depth to the right Command The two first and the two last Ranks double the four middle Ranks by Division Direction The two first and the two last Ranks face outward and march clear of the standing part then face inward and move forward doubling the inmost Files by Division face to your Leader Command The two outmost Files upon each Flank double entire the Depth of the four inmost Files reduceth CHAP. XVIII Plain Firings and Figures of Battail HAving passed over these Motions of Doublings in the next place we will proceed to Firings command therefore Files to open from the midst to open Order and after let the Bringers-up double the Front to the left The first firing Let the Muskettiers give fire even in the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the first Rank give fire and fall in between the Pikes every Rank doing the same until all have fired then let the first Rank move forth by Division give fire to the Front and fall in again every rank doing the same The third firing Let them face to both Flanks and give fire and fall off to the right and left and flank their Pikes to Front and Reer the Pikes may now port and move all forward three paces the Muskettiers may give fire again and fall in the Reer of the Pikes the Pikes charging on and after retreating to their first ground may charge at foot and the Muskettiers may give fire by two Ranks all together over their heads after recovering their Arms let them face to Front and Reer and let the Muskettiers move forth clear of the standing part then stand and give fire to Front and Reer and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes who after may charge on to Front and Reer then retreating face all to their Leader Command Half-files of Pikes face about Muskettiers face outward march all three paces Pikes face to the right and left Muskettiers face about to the right march all three paces then let the last Rank face about the first and the last Rank double File-wise inward advancing Pikes face to the outward Angles of Front and Reer Muskettiers face to Front Reer and both Flanks and move all two paces to your Leader The first firing Let the first Division of Muskettiers fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves and after wheel off to the Right moving down into the place of the Reer Division who may at the same time move forward into their ground and fire in like manner wheeling off as the former did The second firing Let the two outmost Divisions move forward into the Front give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move down into their places The third firing Face all to the Reer and let the Muskettiers give fire there in the same manner as they did to the Front The fourth firing Let the Muskettiers face to Front Reer and both Flanks and the Pikes face to the outward Angles of Front and Reer then let the Muskettiers move forth three foot clear of the Pikes and fire to Front Reer and both Flanks and fall in the reer of themselves after facing about move into their places again The fifth firing Let them face as before and give fire on the same ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may after charge on and retreat into their places again Command Muskettiers move forth and range even abrest with the Pikes into Front Reer and Midst and they will stand in a square as followeth The first firing Upon this Figure as they are faced to Front Reer and both Flanks and the Pikes to the outward Angles of Front and Reer it will be best to fire on the ground they stand and to fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may after charge to the four Angles The second firing Let them double their Ranks outward and give fire after face about and move three paces into the midst of Pikes and having made ready again let them face about and move forward and fire as they did before and after dismount their Muskets taking them in both hands they may as occasion shall require make use of the Butt end thereof against the Horse and the Pikes may stand upon their
charge The third firing Let the Muskettiers double inward File-wise the Pikes keep their Aspects to the four Angles the Musketttiers as before may give Fire to Front Reer and both Flanks and fall in the reer of those Pikes next their right hand and having their Aspects unto the same Angles they may fire there if they please by way of Extraduction and move forth to the left into their places again then let the Pikes face to the Front and Muskettiers upon the wings face about to the right and Muskettiers move forward three paces face to your Leader forms the following Figure The first firing Let the first Division give fire together and wheel off into the Reer the next two Divisions moving forward into their ground giving fire all together and wheeling off to the right and left into the Reer the rest still moving forward until the Reer-division is likewise come up into the Front and gives fire in like manner and falling off to the right into his first place again this firing may be continued twice The second firing Let them give fire all together to the Front after this manner let the middle Divisions move forth to the right and left clear of the Pikes the Reer-division at the same time moving forward upon the outside of those in the Front and give fire and move into their places again making ready whilest the Pikes close forward and charge on five or six paces they may retreat again into their places The third firing Let them face all to the Reer and fire after this manner the first Division kneel down the middle Divisions move forth clear of the Pikes the Front-division marching down into the Reer may give fire all together the outmost Division and the Front-division over the heads of them in the Reer and move in and back again into their places then face to their Leader Command The outmost Division of Muskettiers upon the left in the midst and the three last Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers face about march all three paces and stand Middle Divisions face to the left and move two paces face all to your Leader Divisions of Pikes face inward Front-division of Muskettiers and the second from the Reer face about and move little and close your Divisions to your Leader The first firing Let the first Division give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel down into the Reer the other Divisions successively moving up into the Front and firing in like manner this firing may be continued twice over The second firing Let the Divisions of Muskettiers double their Ranks to the right and left outward and give fire in single Ranks as they did before until all have fired twice over The third firing Let them double their Files to the right and left inward and the Reer Divisions to face about then let them give fire both to Front and Reer falling first in the Reer of themselves after to wheel off into the midst and facing to Front and Reer the middle Divisions may move forth into their ground firing in like manner the Pikes may after charge whilest the Muskettiers make ready again and after retreating into their places they may continue their firing as formerly the Pikes charging on as before The fourth firing Let each Division of Muskettiers double Ranks outward and fire to Front and Reer and to wheel off in one single rank to the right and left and rank again in the midst and after double inward File-wise and face to their Leader Command The four last Divisions face to the left the four first Divisions face to the right march all until you be clear one of another then face to the right and move until you be even abrest in Front and Reer to your Leader The first firing Let the first Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right and left into the Reer they at the same time moving forwards into their places firing and falling off in like manner they may perform the same firing to the Reer being thither faced The second firing Let the Reer-Divisions move to the right and left outward clear of the standing part then face to the Front move up even abrest with the Front-Divisions and let every Division fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge and after both they and the outmost Divisions may move down into their places Command The inmost Divisions of Pikes advance forward three foot before the Front the rest face inward and move two paces to your Leader Upon this Figure let the first Ranks of the Front-Division fire and fall behind the Front-Divisions of Pikes the next rank may fire and fall behind the first then let the Reer-division move up and give fire and fall in the reer of themselves and after wheel about to the right and left inward moving down clear of the reer and facing again unto their Leader then they may fire a second time in the same way the Front-divisions moving forth and firing first and falling behind the Pikes the reer-divisions coming up into their places firing and falling off again by wheeling about inward until they be clear three foot of the reer then facing to their Leader they will stand as followeth where the Ensign may display his Colours if the Leader pleaseth to march upon it Having now spent much time in these particular Firings it will be convenient to give the Souldiers some respit to refresh their almost tired spirits that they may more chearfully appear upon the next summons of the Drum and therefore we will conclude this Exercise and prepare for the lodging of the Colours Reducement Reer-Divisions of Pikes move straight forward until you range even abrest with the Front-Divisions of Pikes Reer-Divisions of Muskettiers move forward and range inward even abrest with the Front-Divisions Files close into the midst to Order Front and Reer half-half-files open from the midst to double distance the four inmost Files of Front and Reer half-files face inward and interchange ground then let each two Files of Pikes close outward to Order and after to double their Divisions to the right File-wise and to close Files to the left to Order the two outmost Files of Muskettiers upon the right double Ranks inward and lead them away before the left half-ranks of Muskettiers the next two Files double Ranks outward and lead them away behind the Reer by first facing them about Pikes face to the left and move straight before the Muskettiers and then double the Reer inward entire after Files to double their Depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up they are reduced CHAP. XVIII The Sixth Exercise with four Files eight deep THe Souldiers being met at the place appointed and their Files being drawn forth according to the usual custom the Leaders being to shew each Souldier how to handle and use his Arms and after leads up their Files and
joyns them into a Body where the Commander having sent for his Colours stands at the head of them commanding their silence and attention to the words of Command Now having in his former Exercise spent most of the time upon plain Doublings he may in this shew unto them the great variety of Doublings by Counter-marches and although they are very difficult yet they will afford much delight and content unto the Souldiers GHAP. XIX Thirty Doublings by Counter-marches with their Reducement Command BRingers-up double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the left entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right and left outward following your Leaders Command Double your Files outward entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your front to the right and left inward Command Double your Files inward entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right and left inwards following your Leaders Command Files double your depth to the right and left outward following your Bringers-up Command Double your files to the right by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files of the even files from the right face about even files advance forward and double the odd according to command to your Leader Command The four first and the four last Ranks double the eight middlemost Ranks to the right and left inward following your Leaders your Bringers-up Direction The four first and the four last Ranks advance your Arms and the File-leaders and the Bringers-up begin the Motion the rest are to follow after order their Arms and face to their Leader Command Double your files to the left by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction The eight middle ranks double your Front and Reer to the right and left outward following the Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front half-files Direction The four last ranks of the Front and Reer half-files face about the middle are to begin this Motion and to advance their Arms and to turn off to the right and left every rank following them until they have doubled the Front and Reer then face all to the Front order their Arms and close their Divisions forward to open Order Command Double your files inward by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files of the outmost Files face about the outmost Files advance your Arms and move forward placing your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers up face to your Leader and order your Arms. Command The four first and the four last Ranks double the eight middlemost Ranks to the right and left outward following your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction The four first and the four last Ranks advance your Arms and move away to the right and left and double the eight middlemost Ranks to your Leader Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Command Files double your Depth to the right every man placing himself behind his Bringer-up Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank to the right following your right-hand-men Direction Face outward and right half-ranks turn off to the left and double the left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the right entire every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank to the left following your left-hand-men Command Double your ranks to the left entire every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Command Double your Ranks by Division every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Command The inmost Files double the outmost Files placing yourselves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men Direction The inmost Files advance your Arms face outward and move forward and double the outmost Files placing your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men order your Arms and close Files into the midst to open Order Command Double your Ranks by division into the Reer Command The two outmost Files double the four inmost by following of your outside-men Direction The inmost Files face inward the rest face outward and turn off to the right and left toward the Reer and double the four inmost Files to your Leader Command Double your Ranks by Division into Front Reer and Midst every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction The two last Ranks of the Front and Reer-half-files face about even Ranks from the Front Reer and Midst advance your Arms and face outward and move forth and double the Front Reer and Midst of Ranks placing your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men face to your Leader and close Ranks forward to open Order Command Double your two outmost Files to the right and left outward and Midst following of the inmost Files Direction The two outmost Files face outward the rest face inward and Front and Reer-half-files distinctly turn off to the right and left and double the outmost Files to the right and left outward and Midst following of the inmost Files to your Leader Files close into the midst to Order Command Double your Files to the right intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command File-leaders double your Reer to the left Command Double your Files to the left intire into the Reer every man placing himself before his Bringer-up Direction Face to the Reer and even Files from the left advance your Arms and move forward and double the odd placing your selves before your Bringers-up to your Leader Command Files double your depth to the left following your Bringers-up Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left inward every man placing himself before his Leader they are reduced as at first CHAP. XX. Plain Firings and Figures of Battail HAving spent so much time upon these Doublings by Counter-marches in the next place I shall proceed to Firings and several Figures of Battail where first command the Half-files to double the Front to the left and then go on to your Firings The first firing Let them fire even with the Front and fall off and Rank even with the Half-files and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may after charge on and the Muskettiers may give fire again and fall in the Reer of the Pikes The second firing Let the Pikes port and the Muskettiers give fire by extraduction The third firing Now the Muskettiers being upon the Reer fire them there upon the march wheel them about to the right and let them fire after this manner face about to the right and left let the last Rank fire fall off and Flank the first Rank of Pikes and so consequently all the rest after fire them to the Reer and
fall off to the right and left some six paces before the Front of Pikes and in the Reer of themselves then face the body about and let the Pikes charge to the Reer and after port the Muskettiers may give fire to the Reer by way of extraduction The fourth firing Next fire to the Reer by dividing the Muskettiers and bringing them even with the Reer and ranking outward and falling again as they were face to your Leader Command Ranks and Files open to your open Order Muskettiers close outward to Order the outmost Files of Pikes stand the rest close outward to Order front-half-Front-half-files open forward three paces Ranks close to Front and Reer to Order Pikes move forward two paces Pikes face outward Muskettiers face inward and move cleer one of another to your Leader The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left into the Reer they at the same time moving up into their ground give Fire and falling off as before the Pikes may after charge on while the Muskettiers make ready The second firing Let Pikes and Muskettiers Rank outward and give Fire and fall off in like manner as before after let them Fire and fall in the Reer of the first Rank of Pikes of the Front-divisions then the Pikes may port then let the first Divisions give Fire and fall in behind the Pikes the Reer-divisions after moving up into their places may give Fire and face about march down into their places then face to their Leader This firing being continued twice or oftener over you may fire them to the Reer they being thither faced after the very same manner the Pikes there charging after facing all to their Leader let them double Files to the right and left inward of each division Command Front-divisions of Pikes face outward Front-divisions of Muskettiers face outward the rest face about move all six paces to your Leader Reer-divisions move forward two paces The first firing Let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left into the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their places may give fire and fall off as before this may be twice performed The second firing Let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of the Front-divisions of Pikes the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers moving into their ground firing and falling behind the Reer-divisions of Pikes then they may move forth cleer of the Pikes and fire and fall in again they may fire after the same manner to the Reer But I shall let that pass and go on to the next Command Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face outward and march three paces cleer of the Reer-divisions of Pikes then face to your Leader and move forward until they range even abrest with the Reer-divisions of Pikes The first firing Let the first divisions of Muskettiers give fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheel off to the right and left into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into their places firing and falling off in like manner this firing may be continued twice over then the Pikes may charge whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The second firing Let the Reer-divisions move forward even abrest then let the Muskettiers give fire altogether and fall in the Reer of themselves this firing may be continued twice over and the Pikes may charge after let those Divisions that moved march down again into their places Command Front-divisions of Pikes upon the left face about and move down four paces cleer of the Reer Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes move to the left two paces to your Leader Upon the former Figure fire first to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel down into the place of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into their places firing and falling off in like manner This firing being twice performed let the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move up even abrest with the Front-divisions and fire altogether and fall in the Reer of themselves after let the Pikes charge on and the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about and move down into their places Command Front-division of Pikes face about and march until they range even abrest with the Front-division of Muskettiers to your Leader Reer-division of Pikes move forward three paces Upon this Figure let each division fire as they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves performing it twice over the Pikes may charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again who after may give fire by two Ranks together as they stand in each division the Pikes charging as before Command Outmost divisions of Muskettiers face about march until you range even with the Reer face inward and move until you stand streight after the Front-divisions of Muskettiers to your Leader middle-divisions of Pikes face outward and move cleer of the standing part to your Leader The first firing Let them give fire to the Front by divisions relieving each other after face them to both Flanks and let them give fire upon the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves This firing may be continued twice and after the Pikes may charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again and after retreating into their places The second firing Let the middle-division of Pikes in the Reer face about and the middle-division of Pikes face to the Front and Muskettiers to face to the outward Angles of Front and Reer and let them give fire to the four Angles and fall in the Reer of themselves or fire altogether and the Pikes may after charge on to Front Reer and both Flanks being all faced unto those places and retreating again to their places they may if they please fire a second time and charge on in manner as before Now if the Leader have a desire to fire to Front and Reer let him face them thither and let them fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes after charging on and retreating again into their places face them all to their Leader and open the Front and Reer-divisions from the midst to sufficient distance and let the Ensign display his Colours Reducement Reer-divisions of Pikes advance forward unto the left into the Front outmost division of Pikes face inward march and close your divisions Muskettiers in the Reer move and close Ranks forward to Order Files double your depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up reduceth them Then let the Muskettiers poyse their Muskets if they be neer the place of lodging the Colours and to move unto that place making a guard their Muskets being rested after which the Colours being furled up and the Pikes advanced the Leader being on the right hand and the Lieutenant on the left and the Ensign in the midst the Serjeants following them and
Muskettiers move forward until you be cleer of the Pikes the two inmost Files of Muskettiers stand the two outmost Files of Muskettiers move forwards until you be cleer of the inmost Files the two outmost Files of Pikes face outward and move three foot cleer of the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers and after to face to Front and Reer and to move forward until they range even with the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers then let them face all to the Front and stand streight in their Divisions both Rank-wise and File-wise and they will stand as in the next Figure Upon this Figure let the first divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheel off to the right and left into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into their places firing and falling off in like manner Then let the inmost divisions give fire in like manner as the former did and wheel off to the right and left and be relieved by their own Reer-divisions of Muskettiers then let the Pikes chaege on and after retreating back again into their places Command The two middle-ranks of Pikes face outward and move cleer of the standing part then let the first Rank of Pikes face about and the first and last Rank of Pikes to move forward to Order face all to your Leader The first firing Let the Front-divisions fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their places firing and falling off in like manner Next let the inmost divisions of Muskettiers do the same who may be relieved by the inmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer The second firing Let them all face to the Reer and give fire as they did to the Front The third firing Let them face to Front and Reer and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves first after falling off and interchanging divisions relieving each other then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer and after retreating back into their places Command The inmost divisions of Muskettiers to move forward until they be two foot cleer of the standing part then let them face all inward and move until the outmost divisions of Muskettiers range even abrest with the middle-divisions of Pikes to your Leader Upon this former Figure fire them to both Flanks where first face them outward let the first division give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after wheel off to the right and left into the places of the Reer-divisions and they move up at the same instant of time into their rooms giving fire and falling in the Reer of themselves afterward into their places Next let them fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move inward and fall in the Reer of the next division of Pikes and then the first division of Muskettiers move forth and give fire in the ground they formerly stood on and fall in the Reer of themselves and stand and the next division of Muskettiers is likewise to move forth where formerly they stood and to fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may after charge on and after retreat back again into their places and face to their Leader Command Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move to the left two paces and double to the right File-wise the two middle-divisions of Pikes face outward and move two paces to your Leader Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move forward until the first division of Muskettiers be placed three foot before the midst of the middle-divisions of Pikes and the second division be three foot behind the same standing streight with the Front-divisions of Muskettiers in the midst Upon this Figure they being faced to Front and Reer both Pikes and Muskettiers let the first divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and stand let the rest move forward until they be cleer of the Front-divisions of Muskettiers and fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places again then let the Pikes open a little outward and charge all to Front and Reer and when they shall retreat back again into their places the Muskettiers may fire again as they did before and continue it as long as they please Or they may fire upon this Figure either to Front or Reer according to discretion as long as they please Now in respect much time hath been spent in the Motions by wheelings in plain firings and Figures of Battail we will draw forth one Figure more from the former that the Colours may be displayed and that we may conclude our seventh Exercise to refresh the Souldiers for a space until they shall again have warning from their Commander for another appearance Command The last Division of Muskettiers in the midst to face about middle Divisions of Muskettiers advance forward until you be three foot clear of the Front and Reer to your Leader each Division of Pikes face outward and move to convenient distance for the Colours to display to your Leader Reducement Front and Reer-division of Muskettiers face about Front-division move down and double the Reer-division to the left rank-wise to your Leader the two first Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front face about then let them and the two last Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer move forward until they be even with the next Divisions of Muskettiers to your Leader The two middle Divisions of Pikes close into the midst to Order and to open their Ranks from the midst to something more then open Order the two outmost Divisions of Pikes face inward and move forward into the midst of the two middle Ranks in the Body to your Leader Front-divisions of Pikes face about and Front and Reer-Divisions to move forward and to close their Divisions to your Leader Files close to the right and left inward to Order Muskettiers in the Front and Reer double your Pikes by Division Files double your Depth to the right and left outward every man falling behind his Bringer-up they will be reduced as at first Now the Serjeants may draw off the Muskettiers filing them to the right and left outward thereby making a guard for the Captain and other Officers to march through trooping away and lodging the Colours which done one of the Serjeants command the Muskettiers to face about to the right and to present all and no man to give fire until they hear the beat of Drum no man pulling his Tricker but once which will be a means that they all fire handsomly together which being ended every man may depart home until he shall be called forth again CHAP. XXIV The Eighth Exercise consisting of sixty four men eight Files eight deep THe Souldiers being again brought into the Field or place of Exercise the Serjeants according to their wonted manner drawing forth the Files bids each File-leader to take
his File into some convenient place apart to exercise them in their several Postures and Charges and after what manner they may fire whether it be to Front Reer or both Flanks Which being performed they are called up to joyn into a Body and commanded to close their Ranks and Files to their distance of Order and the Front doubled to the right and left inward by the half-half-files distance beforehand being prepared for their moving up The Leader appoints one of the Serjeants to fetch the Colours which being brought up to the head of the Company the Leader for variety sake may spend the chiefest of his time in Firings as followeth The first firing Let the Muskettiers move forward until their Bringers-up range even with the Front of Pikes after let the two outmost Files of Muskettiers move forward until their Bringers-up range even abrest with the Front of the two inmost Files Let the Front or foremost Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then let them face about and move down into their places where they were last then let the two inmost Files of Muskettiers of each Division advance forwards until their Bringers-up range even with the Front of the two outmost Files and then let them give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after face about and march down into their places again where they were last drawn off The second firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand in each Division falling off to the right and left in the Reer of themselves The third firing Let the first Rank in each Division fire as they stand and after move inward in a straight line before the Front of Pikes which gives way for the next Rank to fire in each Division and after to move inward into the Reer of the first Rank and so consequently all the rest to fire in like manner until they have all fired and stand straight before the Pikes The fourth firing Let their Ranks rank outward into the Front and then give fire all entire in one Rank and ranking again as they were The fifth firing Let the half-files of Muskettiers double the Front by Division and give fire by two Ranks together and after to move back again into their places The sixth firing Let the two first Ranks kneel down the other two stand upright and give fire four Ranks together The seventh firing Let the half-files or Pikes to face about and move three paces to your Leader and then Files to double their Depth to the right and left outward of each Arms then let them give fire eight Ranks together after this manner two kneel down two kneeling two stand upright and the two last to be drawn off to the right and left and so to fire all together which being ended command the Pikes by their Files to rank outward into the Front and then open outward to the right and left and charge on in the Front and file again as they were The eigth firing Let the Pikes open their Files from the midst to double distance then command the Muskettiers to face about and move down into the midst of the Pikes then let the half-files face about and let the Muskettiers be at open Order in their Files and the Pikes at Order and then let them give fire first to Front and Reer by Intraduction after this manner Let the first Rank in Front and Reer present and give fire on the ground they stand and presently make ready again the next Ranks may move forward and place themselves three foot before them and fire in like manner and after stand the other Ranks still moving forward into the next Rank until the first have fired and then immediately to clap before them and fire in like manner until all have fired twice over The ninth firing Let them close their Files into the midst to Order and fire on the same ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The tenth firing Let them fire and fall off to the right and left into the midst of Pikes again then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer and when they are clear of the Muskettiers let them close to the right and left inward to Order The eleventh firing Let the Pikes port and let the Muskettiers be drawn forth one whole Rank to the right and another to the left both to Front and Reer give fire and fall into their places again then let the other four be drawn forth in like manner and fire and fall into their places again the Pikes if occasion shall require may again charge on The twelfth firing Let the Muskettiers range to the right and left outward and fire even abrest with the Reer of each Division and move in again into their places The thirteenth firing Let the Muskettiers rank outward and move even abrest with the Front and Reer and there present and give fire and whilest the Pikes are charging on they may rank again as they were and fall in the Reer of the Pikes and make ready again The fourteenth firing The Pikes being retreated into their first ground you may open them to the right and left and then the Muskettiers may move forward and fire two Ranks kneeling down and the other two standing upright then the Pikes may continue their charge till the Muskettiers make ready again and after they may retreat and fall in the Reer of the Muskettiers and close their Divisions inward to Order These firings being all upon a stand and the Muskettiers being now in Front and Reer they may be moved away and may give fire upon the march to Front and Reer after this manner The fifteenth firing Let the first Rank in the Front nimbly advance forward ten paces then present and give fire in which interim the rest will be moved up unto them the others having fallen off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Divisions of Muskettiers the next Rank may give fire in like manner until all have fired thus once over the Reer are to fire at the same time with the Front facing about the last Rank who are to fall off and to place themselves before their own Divisions of Muskettiers The sixteenth firing Let them fire as before and the first Rank of the Front-division to fall off and flank the Pikes to the right the rest of that Division falling off and placing themselves in the Reer of them and likewise the first Rank of the Reer-Division when they have fired let them fall off and range even abrest with the half-files of Pikes and still preserving themselves in their places to be right-hand-men to those which were at first and the rest to give fire and fall in the Reer of them The seventeenth firing Now the Muskettiers being all upon the right Flank let the outmost File face to the right and fire and lead away the Bringers-up between the Muskettiers and the outmost File of Pikes let this be
fire by Extraduction Extraduction and the Pikes may after charge on and then retreat back again into their places Command Each division as they are faced to move forward three paces Half-files of each division open to the right until they be cleer of the standing part they will stand as followeth Upon the former Figure being faced to Front Reer and both Flanks fire then according unto all those places the formost Divisions fire first and let them wheel off to the right and left and fall in the room or place of them in the next Divisions firing twice in this kind Then let the formost Divisions fire and fall in the Reer of the Pikes then let the Pikes port and the Muskettiers in each Division may move forth again and give fire by Extraduction then let the Pikes charge on and after charge at foot and let the Muskettiers give fire over their heads which being ended let the formost Rank of Muskettiers in Front Reer and Flanks move forward and interchange ground with the Pikes and face all to the Front and after the third Divisions from the Front and the third Divisions from the Reer face inward and move three paces then face to their Leader and close Files outward and Ranks forward to Order in each Division and stand straight and even in their Divisions both Rank-wise and File-wise and then proceed to the next Figure Command The outmost Divisions upon the Flanks face about and move down two paces to your Leader half-Half-files of the two outmost Divisions double to the right and left inward Rank-wise and after move that part that doubled two paces to the right and left inward face all to your Leader Upon this Figure let the first and the last Rank of Muskettiers double to the right and left inward File-wise then let the first Division give fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right about down into the Reer and let every Division that are in the midst move up successively into the Front until all have fired and fallen off in like manner as the first and every Division become again into his place and the Front and Reer-Divisions have doubled Ranks to the right and left outward then command the first and the last Rank of Muskettiers from the Front and Reer to double to the right and left outward File-wise and let them give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after fall off into the Reer in like manner and form of the firing of the former Divisions either of these firings may be continued twice over after command the first Division of Muskettiers from Front and Reer to double to the right and left inward Rank-wise and then proceed Command The third Division from the Front and the third Division from the Reer to face outward and to move three paces until they stand straight in Front and Reer between the middle Divisions and after face to their Leader Then let the Front-Divisions face about and Front and Reer-Divisions move forward until they range even abrest with the second Divisions that stands before them and then face to their Leader it occasioneth the next Figure Upon this Figure you may fire them to Front Reer and both Flanks therefore face the two outmost crosses to the Flanks which contains on each side four divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers and let the rest face to Front and Reer and let all the Muskettiers in the Reer of each division of Pikes move forth to the Angles of the Pikes give fire and fall back again into their places and whilst the Pikes are charging on the Muskettiers may make ready again and fire in like manner as before and fall back again into their places the Pikes charging on to Front Reer and both Flanks as before and retreating again into their places Then face them all to the Front and let the second division from the Reer face about and then the second division from the Front and the second division from the Reer move forward until they be three foot cleer of the Front and Reer then face them to their Leader and they will stand in a convenient Figure for marching wherein the Colours may display so long as a Commander shall think fit Reducement The two middle-divisions face to the right and left outward and march cleer of the standing part to your Leader then let them double to the right and left outward file-wise After let them face to Front Reer and both Flanks and close their Files into the midst to Order Then command Front and Reer-divisions that formerly wheeled to the left to wheel back again to the right then face all to the Front and let the Front-division face to the right and move three paces and then face to their Leader then let the Reer-division move up upon the left of them in the Front and let the Pikes in each division double their depth to the right and left outward and let them close files into the midst to order ranks forward to order to move up even with else front they standing in their distance of order both in rank and file let the half-files double their Front inward intire and after Files to double their depth intire to the right they are reduced Then the Leader may appoint one of the Serjeants to draw off the Muskettiers and file them away to the right and left outward either by Ranks filing or Files filing and every Muskettier to poyse his Musket then the Pikes may advance their Arms and the Drums beat a Troop and the Commander may lead them away and lodge his Colours CHAP. XXVI The ninth Exercise consisting of 64 men eight Files eight deep IN this Exercise a Commander may in matter of Motions present unto the Souldiers farther variety to delight them withal in bringing each man into the Front to be a File-leader according unto succession and dignity by proper words of Command by doublings with their Reducement Therefore to avoid any further circumstance we will pass over the Postures and fetching of the Colours and suppose the Souldiers standing in a condition to be exercised begin first to make them all File-leaders by succession as followeth Command Ranks to the left double Command Files to the left double Command Half-files double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the right intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Ranks to the right double Command Files to the right double Command Front-half-files double the Reer to the right Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing Command Double your Ranks to the right into the Reer face all about Command Double your Files to the left advancing Direction Every even File from the left move forward to the left and by three steps double the odd advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing every man placing himself
place your selves before your Leaders Command The right-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men Command Countermarch your Front and Reer into the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left Front-half-files turn off to the right to your Leader Command Countermarch your Flanks into the midst of Files face outward Command Files to the right hand Countermarch maintaining ground Command Ranks to the left hand Countermarch losing ground Command Countermarch your Front and Reer half-files from the midst of Ranks maintaining ground Direction Front-half-files face about and turn off to the left the rest turn off to the right every man moving up into his Leaders ground to your Leader Command Countermarch your right and left half-ranks from the midst of Files losing ground Direction Face inward and turn off every Rank on the ground they stand face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to open Order they are reduced CHAP. XXXIV Eight entire Doublings by Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel off your reer-half-Reer-half-files and double your Front to the right entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your left half-ranks and double your right Flank entire to the left Face outward Command Wheel off your Reer half-files and double your Front to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right half-ranks and double your left Flank to the left entire Face outward Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the right entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right half-ranks and double the left Flank to the right entire Face outward Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your left half-ranks and double your right Flank to the right entire Face outward CHAP. XXXV Plain Firings and Figures of Battail The first firing LEt the two outmost Files of Muskettiers upon each Flank advance ten paces before the Front give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down into their places again then face to their Leader Then let the next two Files upon each Flank move away in like manner and fire as the former did and move down into their places again After let the other remaining Files be led forth by the other two Serjeants and give fire as before and fall back again into their places The second firing Let two Serjeants draw four Files upon each Flank and move them away 10 or 20 paces before the Front and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places And whilest they are moving down let the other two Serjeants draw forth the remaining four Files upon each Flank and fire as the former did and after return again into their places The third firing Let all the Muskettiers move forth cleer of the Pikes and let them open from the midst until they stand in four Divisions leaving sufficient intervals for their wheeling into the Reer of themselves first let them fire in each Division falling in the Reer of themselves until they have all fired over two or three times after this kind The fourth firing Let them close their Files before the Front of Pikes into the midst to Order then let the two first Ranks kneel down the next two stoop and the last two stand upright and give fire six Ranks all together then let the left half-ranks of Muskettiers be wheeled about to the left into the Reer of the Pikes and the right half-ranks move to the left until they stand straight before the Front of Pikes The fifth firing Let the half-files face about and let them give fire to Front and Reer after this manner by two Ranks drawn off ten paces before the Front and Reer and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves then facing about let them open outward and give way for the next two Ranks to come forward into their places who are to fire and fall off as the former did the other two Ranks doing the same This firing may be continued as long as the Leader pleaseth The sixth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves The seventh firing Let them rank outward into Front and Reer and give fire all together and rank again as they were The eighth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and flank the Pikes those in the Front flanking the Pikes on the right they in the Reer flanking them on the left after let the Pikes charge on and being retreated into their places let them face all to their Leader and in the next place proceed to Figures of Battail Command Files open outward to open Order Ranks open backward to your open Order then let every four Files close outward to Order and Ranks close to Front and Reer to Order they will stand in twelve Divisions as followeth Command The two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer face about inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in Front and Reer move forward clear of the standing part and stand Pikes face outward Muskettiers upon the Flanks face inward the rest face about to the right move all two paces to your Leader The first firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the reer of themselves then wheel off to the right left into the room of them in the reer they at the same time moving up into their ground firing falling off in like manner as before Then let the Front-divisions upon the Flank fire fall in the reer of themselves and after wheel off to the right and left into the ground of those divisions that stand in the reer of them they at the same time relieving them firing and falling off as before then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat into their places The second firing Let them face to Front and Reer and let the first Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheeling off to the right and left and interchange ground with the next Divisions who are at the same instant of time to move up into their places and to give fire in like manner and to fall off and return where they were before then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer and after retreat into their places and face all to their Leader Command The four last Divisions next to the Reer both of Pikes and Muskettiers face about move down and range even abrest with the Reer Reer-divisions of Muskettiers that are faced to the Front move forward and place your selves three foot short of the next Divisions that stands before you to your Leader Upon this Figure let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left and range
Leader Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files from the midst of ranks losing ground Front-half-files face about Command Ranks to the right hand Countermarch losing ground Command Counter-march your right and left-half-ranks every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man they are reduced CHAP. XXXVIII Eight several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel your right and Left-half-ranks inward to the midst of Files Face outward Command Wheel the battail off by division from the Reer Command Wheel the battail inward to the right Flank from the left Face to the left Command Wheel Front and Reer-half-files inward to the midst of Ranks Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right and Left-half-ranks by division from the midst of Files Face inward Command Wheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by division from the midst of Ranks Front-half-files face about Command Wheel off your Front by division Command Wheel your battail inward to the left Flank from the right face to the right CHAP. XXXIX Plain Firings and Figures of Battail The first firing LEt them give fire to the Front by Introduction where first command to open their Files outward to open Order and then let the first Rank give fire on the ground they stand then let the next Rank move forward and place themselves before the first Rank and give fire likewise and stand and so successively every Rank is to move forward and place themselves before the Rank that fired until all have given fire this being twice performed reduceth them and is tearm'd a firing of gaining ground The second firing Let them fire by Files inward to Order and fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves The third firing Let them close their Files ranking outward into one intire Rank into the Front all at one and the same time and to File again as they were The fourth firing Let the Muskettiers double Ranks to the right and left outward and give fire three Ranks together the first kneeling the second stooping the third standing upright and after to double Files to the right and left inward The fifth firing Let them fire again and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes who may after charge on and after retreat back again into their places The sixth firing Let them face outward and give fire to both Flanks on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The seventh firing Let the Half-files of Muskettiers face outward and move cleer of the standing part then let every division give fire again and fall in the Reer of themselves and then close their divisions The eighth firing Let them give fire eight Ranks together viz two kneel down two stooping two standing upright and the last two to be drawn forth and so fire them altogether The ninth firing Let the four first Ranks upon each Flank fire again and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes and let those Muskettiers face to Front and Reer and draw forth the last Rank of Muskettiers upon the Flanks to the right and left outward and place them in the midst of those intervals upon the Angles the Pikes being impaled then Fire them to Front Reer and both Flanks and four Angles and fall in the Reer of themselves This firing may be continued as long as a Leader shall think fit then face about those Files standing at the Angles and move them in the Reer of those divisions of Muskettiers upon the Flanks from whence they were first drawn forth then let them face all to their Leader The tenth firing Let the Muskettiers in Front and Reer face outward and march cleer of the standing part then let them face to Front and Reer and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face to the Front and the outmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Front face to the Reer then let the outmost divisions move and close ranks forward to Order and let the Pikes charge on and being retreated back again into their places face all to the Front and proceed to Figures of Battail according to the next direction Command half-Half-files of Pikes face about Half-files of the four outmost Files of Muskettiers face to the Reer the four outmost Files and the body of Pikes move forward cleer of the standing part to your Leader then let them face outward and move two paces then face to Front and Reer and move the like face all to your Leader and close Ranks forward and Files inward in each division they will stand as followeth The first firing Let the Reer-divisions face about then let the first divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left and fall in the room or place of the next divisions and they at the same time are to move up into their ground giving fire and falling off in like manner The second firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand in each division and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The third firing Let the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move up and range even abrest with the first division then let them fire altogether and fall in the Reer of themselves then let those that formerly moved up face about and march down again into their places then let the Pikes charge on again as before and being retreated let them face all to both Flanks and give fire in form and manner as they did to Front and Reer The fourth firing Let the middle-divisions of Muskettiers advance forward until they be cleer of the standing part then let them all fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and the middle-divisions to move back again into their places then face to their Leader and move the inmost division of Muskettiers upon the right in the Reer to the left three paces then proceed Command Inmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer double to the right file-wise and after that division that doubled to face about and pass through the intervals of Pikes and place themselves three foot behind the Reer and the other division that was doubled to advance forward through the interval of Pikes and place themselves three foot before the Front then face to their Leader Let the second division of Muskettiers from the Front stand and all the rest move forward three paces then move the second divisions of Muskettiers to the right and left inward until they stand streight between the Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes Front-division of Muskettiers face about and let them and the Reer-division move forward and inward three paces and after face to their Leader The first firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right by the outmost divisions of Muskettiers and come down into
move forward and even the Front they are reduced The end of the Second Book THE COMPLEAT BODY OF The Art Military The Third BOOK CHAP. I. Concerning the drawing up of Regiments with their several Numbers Fronts Manner and Ways HE that shall be desirous to be truly knowing in this point of Military Discipline in the drawing up of Regiments whether they be of lesser or greater Bodies as in some 6 others 7 8 10 or 12 Companies they must be drawn up into Battalia either in one two or three Squadrons or grand Divisions of Pikes flanked with Muskettiers having always in the Reer a sufficient number of Muskettiers for the guard of the Bagage Cannon or to be Convoys for to convey Ammunition and Victual to the rest of their fellows who are to be drawn forth by the discretion of the Major from each particular Company according to their several strengths as in greater Companies more Files then in those which be lesser ordering them timely relief whereby the several duties amongst the Souldiers throughout the Regiment by an equal way may take their turns Now for as much as the true stating of the Dignities of every particular Officer in the opinions of many differ very much and our former Military Authors have been very sparing in their pains in setting down their due places of honour I shall for satisfaction of those which desire to be rightly informed collect out of the many forms practised abroad and at home one good way to perfect it But here by the way I must crave pardon from the courteous Reader by reason I foresee certain Objections like rubs or blocks lying in my way to digress a little from my intended purpose to give answers unto each of them which are First That I seem to slighten the pains of former Authors Secondly That it will be a means to occasion much idleness in the Souldiers Thirdly That it is too great a knowledge to be laid open to their view To the first I answer That the reason as I conceive why they have been so sparing of their pains in this kind was not for want of Abilities or knowledge amongst any of them whose works for the most part I highly honour and esteem but rather believe that they left it forth for the curious search of such who are called unto Field-Officers places knowing well that before they are capable of that preferment they must be good proficients in this part of Military Exercise 2. Although many that know but a little may be puft up with high conceits of themselves conceiving what the Author hath done 't were easie for any man to perform the same yet to them of riper Judgements the more variety in this kind is presented to their view the more painful they are in the curious practise thereof thinking every moment lost which is not spent in the searching after and informing of their Judgements in this point of Military Discipline 3. If it had not been for the worthy pains and labours of our Ancestors published to the view of the world this our age might have been ignorant both in this and all other Sciences for from them we borrowed our first light God putting it in their hearts to publish their several gifts to after-Generations which though at this day much refined yet for our first grounds and principles we are beholding unto them Therefore give me leave according as God hath inabled me not to conceal or keep back any thing which may concern the good and welfare of my Countrey for I conceive there is none worthy to receive benefit from those that have gone before him if he conceals that good to such as shall come after him And if I happen to lie under the hard censure of some for my pains it makes no matter so the major part receive benefit thereby for as I gathered somewhat of others so my desire is that others may do the like by me The opinions of Souldiers in the drawing up of Regiments are very various both in their Forms and Figures according to the custom of their Countreys commands of their Generals or Officers in chief which nevertheless may prove very good and serviceable when need shall require I shall therefore for the satisfaction of the ingenious Souldier set before them the best Collections drawn from them all such as may be most useful for to fight against the enemy according to the situation of the place the number of men and aptness of ground to contain them which in the next place comes to be handled CHAP. II. The manner of drawing up a Regiment consisting of six Companies containing in it a Colonel a Lieutenant-Colonel a Major and three Captains every one having 108 men in a Company and the three Field-Officers 144. which makes compleatly up 756 men whereof two thirds are Muskettiers and one third of Pikes the Files being six deep THe general place of Rendezvous being appointed out unto the Major it is his care to take a timely view thereof that there be ground and room sufficient enough for the drawing them up And having received Orders from his Colonel Major General or other superiour Officers for the Regiments marching thither he may appoint the Companies to march either of these two ways either by succession or dignity If by succession first the Colonels Company moves away next the Lieutenant Colonels in the Reer of him then the Majors and so consequently all the rest from the eldest to the youngest who brings up the Reer of all If by Dignity first the Colonels Company and in the Reer of him the youngest Captain and after him the eldest then the Majors then the second Captain the Lieutenant Colonel bringing up the Reer of all But it concerns the Major before their marching to give notice to the Lieutenant Colonel and the eldest Captain to countermarch their Ranks of their two particular Companies as soon as they come into the place of the general Rendezvous before he shall draw them up to preserve the honour of the right File-leaders and Bringers up of both Arms. He is likewise to be there beforehand attending their marching in and after the Colonels Company have made Alt to draw up each particular Company on the left of him all in one even range commanding them to close Ranks forward to Order and Files into the midst unto the same distance He is likewise to inform himself of the Captains Lieutenants and Serjeants how many Files of Pikes and Muskettiers they have in each particular Company and accordingly he is to enter it down in his Paper-Book and to make use thereof as followeth He is to require one single File apiece of Muskettiers to be drawn off from the three smallest Companies and two Files apiece from the greater which makes nine Files and contains 54 men which are to be led away by an able Serjeant into the Reer for to be a guard to the Bagage or other occasions From thence he may proceed
the right and left outward Direction The 12 last Divisions face outward and march clear of the standing part face to your Leader move up all even abrest and double according to command Command The 12 inmost Divisions double the six outmost to the right and left outward advancing Direction The 12 middle Divisions advance forward until you be six foot clear of the standing part then face outward and march until you stand straight before the six outmost face to your Leader and after face inward and move forward until they stand again unto eighteen foot distance from each other to your Leader Command Divisions double the Depth of the Battail to the right Direction Every even Division from the right face about to the right and move down eighteen foot clear of the Reer face to the left and move until you stand straight with those Divisions on the right which you are to double to your Leader Command The 12 last Divisions in the Reer double the Front to the right Direction The 12 last Divisions face to the right and move six paces then face to the left march forward and double the Front to the right and they will be reduced CHAP. X. Four several Wheelings with their Reducement Command DIvisions wheel about to the right and move down into the Reer Direction Front-divisions wheel about to the right and move down into the Reer the rest march up into the same ground wheeling to the right hand and following successively after face to your Leader Command Divisions wheel about to the right to the left Flank Direction Face to the right and the outmost Divisions wheel about to the right and march away unto the place of the left Flank the rest moving up into the same ground wheeling about to the right and following accordingly to your Leader Command Divisions wheel about to the right from the Reer into the Front Direction Face to the Reer and let the first Divisions wheel about to the right and move up into the Front the rest marching forward into their ground wheeling off and following in like manner Command Divisions wheel about to the right to the right Flank Direction Face all to the left and let the outmost Divisions wheel about to the right and move forward to the right Flank the rest marching up into their ground following after in the same kind reduceth them CHAP. XI Countermarches not fit to be used in the Exercising of Regiments IT might be expected after Doublings that I should shew some kinds of Countermarches amongst the Military Motions in the exercise of a Regiment but being of very little use or practise amongst Commanders in these times especially in such great Bodies and for my own part I fancy them not therefore have passed them over and pitcht upon such wheelings which by some are accounted Countermarches Whose judgements my desire is better to inform by these several reasons following wherein and in what kind they differ from them As thus by these wheelings they keep their distance in Rank and File unto Order and wheeling entire unto any hand down to the Reer cannot be performed but by gaining in the Motion before the Front and unto all places as they move so much ground as is the Length of their particular Divisions and in the execution thereof they still preserve the honour of the right and left-hand-file-leaders and all others as are concerned in their particular Divisions unto any accidental Front which they shall be brought unto Now concerning Countermarches they are to be performed either by single Files Ranks Half-files or Half-ranks and at their distance of Open Order their words of Command having relation to all these particulars Their Countermarching of Files to the Reer gaineth no ground before the Front in the Motion but only the room of one particular File upon the right it preserveth not the honour of the right and left-hand-file-leader at one time by any one word of Command unto any of their Motions to such accidental Fronts they shall make but ever loseth it to some and giveth it to others And therefore it may appear cleerly unto any ingenious capacity that the former Wheelings cannot be accounted or given in their Motions in that kinde to the Souldiers for Counter-marches but by such terms as in their place are set down In the next place I shall speak something of the great benefit or use that may be made of these sorts of Wheelings as first a Commander may use them in the Motions of Doublings to Front Reer right-flank or left or double either the length or depth of the Battail unto all needful places as occasion shall require which I shall forbear to set down but leave them to the discretion of the ingenious Souldiers practise when time and opportunity shall serve him to make use of them In the next place they are very necessary to draw off any part and to bring them unto such needful places for Service as are in eminent danger Therefore passing over for present what might be more spoken of in this kinde I come in the next place to shew one Figure of Battail to fire upon and then conclude my Exercise upon this Regiment and go on unto the rest Command Pikes close Files to the right to Order then let them in the Reer double their Front to the left intire Muskettiers advance forward until your Front-divisions exceed six foot the Front of Pikes the two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front move forward 20 paces and close inward to open Order the two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer face about and move down six paces and close inward to open Order to your Leader Muskettiers upon the Flanks close to the Body of Pikes to open Order Middle-divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer by each Flank face about Middle-divisions of Muskettiers by each Flank move forward six foot cleer of the standing part face to your Leader and it will set forth the Figure as it stands in Folio 151. CHAP. XII Several Firings to be performed upon the former Figure and how to be managed by the several Officers THe Regiment being drawn up into the former Figure they may proceed to Firings upon it first let the Forlorns fire five or six times over being commanded by the eldest Captains Lieutenant who is to be assisted by a couple of able Serjeants after let him wheel them off to the right and left and bring them down in the Reer of the Pikes Then let the second Captains Lieutenant being assisted by two Serjeants lead up the reserves by the outside of the Pikes at such time when the Forlorns begin to come off for the better securing of them from danger upon their retreat then let them move forward to their ground and give fire in like manner falling in the Reer of themselves and after wheel them off to the right and left and bring them down in the Reer of those Muskettiers that are behind the Pikes
to come up with more courage to fall on upon the Charge Therefore the best way amongst the ancient experienc'd Souldiers is that the Artillery be divided some here some there both before the Front between the Battalions and upon the Flanks and to be placed some 50 or an 100 paces one from another and then there will be no danger when the Enemy shall come up to shock to encounter you or to offend our own men Especially when they are fastned to them by drawing Ropes and Iron Rings that upon an instant they may be removed and turn'd for the advantage of our own Troops giving fire as fast as they can charge and discharge against the Enemies Troops it being a matter of great moment for the obtaining of a Victory and gaining the day from the Enemy But that many times the Ordnance cannot be planted in such convenient places as could be wished for in respect an Army may be driven into such places as the Ordnance must be planted according to the best ground it will afford by reason of Woods Hills or Marish-grounds and such like disadvantageous places may be oftentimes met withal for which no certain Rule may be given but that the General by his wisdom and discretion may make choice of the best advantages which might annoy an Enemy most and give the least offence to his own men either by dazling them by the Sun or by raising of the dust observing the winde which drives the Smoak both of the Ordnance and Small-shot full upon them To conclude it is conceived the best way for every Captain of the Ordnance and Master-Gunner to use some light Field-peeces and small Drakes which upon any occasion may be removed from one place to another being with ease planted upon such places of advantage as may most annoy the Enemy In the next place 3000 Horse may be a good proportion for 10000 or 12000 foot which ought to be equally divided in their Troops and placed upon the Flanks of the foot in such good order as the Troops may come with conveniencie to fight for the relieving of each other But in case you shall perceive the Enemies Horse as sometimes through necessity of ground or by other political ends may be interlaced and placed between the Intervals and Divisions of their foot it will be needful then that we should observe the same form and likewise have Horse to come forth and encounter with their Horse lest they should break in upon our Divisions of Foot which by this means and good order may be timely prevented Next follows the Figure of the Army as before described and ordered to be drawn up Folio 176. CHAP. XXIII The several duties belonging to the Foot in a Regiment as followeth by degrees from a private Souldier unto a Colonel of the same and first of a Private Souldier A Private Souldier ought to be very active not slothful and idle informing himself of his duty learning from his Corporal or other Officers the true use and well handling of his Arms always keeping them neat clean and well fixed Upon the beat of the Drum he is to repair to his Colours Squadron or Company upon the march he must observe his Leader and his right and left-hand-men that he may march streight in file and even in rank in time of Exercise he must be silent in the Body well minding the words of Command and Directions which are given forth by the Leader He ought likewise to be well vers'd in all the ordinary words of Command and to mind the place wherein he stands that he may the more readier move and not be to seek at such time when he shall be commanded whether it be to face double counter-march or wheel He must inform himself of all the several beats of the Drum as first or a Call second a Troop third a March fourth a Preparative fifth a Battle or Charge sixth a Retreat and also of the Revalley and the Tattoo By the first he is summoned to hear present Proclamation or else commanded to repair to his Colours upon the beat of the second he is to advance his Arms and to close in Rank and File to the distance of Order and to Troop along unto such places and services as he shall be commanded unto upon the hearing of the third he is presently to shoulder his Arms and to take his distance of six foot in Rank and three foot in File upon the fourth he is to close both in Rank and File unto the fighting distance which is called Order and to prepare himself for skirmish upon the beat of the next he is undauntedly to move forward boldly stepping in good Order into the place of his fellow-Souldier that shall happen to fall down dead before him upon the beat of the last he must orderly fall back either for relief or advantage of ground or other political ends whereby he may draw the Enemy into a snare The first of the remaining two gives warning in the morning for some of the Sentinels to fall off or to be taken in the latter is used in the night to give notice unto the Souldiers or others for their repairing to their several Guards Watches and Lodgings To conclude a private Souldier ought to avoid all Quarrelling Mutinies Swearing Cursing or Lying and to be content with his wages and likewise to be a good Husband in the well managing of his means keeping himself neat and handsome in his apparel avoiding drunkenness and all manner of gaming truely to serve and fear God and to be obedient unto all the commands of his superiours cheerfully going on upon all Duties and to be loving kind and courteous unto all his fellow-Souldiers The duty of a Sentinel A Sentinel must be very vigilant carefully casting his eyes about him and harkning whether he hear the noise or approach of any drawing neer him which if he perceive he is presently to command them to stand presenting his Musket or Pike to their brest after calling his Corporal for to take the Word unless he should be commanded to come in silently He is not to come off until he be relieved by the Corporal or Lanspassadoe His proper Posture being a Muskettier is to have his Musket rested and loaded with Powder and Bullet his Match cockt and his Pan guarded being a Pike-man if he stand Sentinel in the night he must have his Pike cheek'd if in the day his Pike ordered Or it may be a very proper Posture for a Pike-man to stand Sentinel with his Pike in his left-hand holding it a little below the cheeks thereof and with his Sword drawn being held in his right-hand which I leave to judge or to be made use of according to discretion and as occasion shall require Of a Gentleman of a Company A Gentleman of a Company ought to have such worth in him as may make him capable to be a File-leader or Captain of his File and he more especialy above the rest
yet in regard the Harquebus differeth nothing from the Carbine in length only in the Bore the manner of using them is one and the same In Marching he is to carry his Carbine hanging at his Belt by his right side or else to order it upon his right thigh In Fight he is to strive to gain the left side of his Enemy contrary to the Curassier because that in presenting he is to rest his Carbine on his bridle-hand placing the butt-end on the right side of his Breast neer his Shoulder He must exercise himself that he may use his Carbine with exactness and dexterity and be exquisite in shooting at Marks For the manner of handling the Harquebus or Carbine the directions before delivered may serve for sufficient Instruction but forasmuch as now adays our Carbines are made with Snaphans and somewhat differ from the former I will set down the order of handling of it in the several words of Command Postures for the Snaphans-Carbine 1. Order your Carbine 2. Sink your Carbine into your Bridle-hand 3. Bend your Cock 4. Guard your Cock 5. Prime 6. Shut your Pan. 7. Cast about your Carbine 8. Guard your Flasque 9. Lade your Carbine 10. Draw your Rammer 11. Shorten your Rammer 12. Lade with Bullet and ram home 13. Withdraw your Rammer 14. Shorten your Rammer 15. Return your Rammer 16. Recover your Carbine 17. Order your Hammer 18. Free your Cock 19. Present 20. Give fire He is to use his Sword in all respects as the Curassier Of Exercising the Dragoon THe Dragoon is of special use and service to assist the Cavalry as Infantry for there be many considerable Exploits which cannot be effected by the Cavalry alone The Muskettier must therefore exercise himself to give fire on Horsback When they come to guard a Passage or do other the like service they are to alight and to demean themselves as Infantry and being alighted to do their service every of them is to cast his Bridle over the neck of his Sides-mans Horse in the same order as they marched keeping them so together by some purposely appointed to attend them Of Exercising the Cavalry in their Motions THe Horsman being sufficiently instructed in the managing of his Horse and in the use of his particular Arms it is time now that he be taught how to demean himself being joyned in a Body The Horse being to be exercised is to be drawn up into a Body not by Ranks as in the Infantry but by Files and those of 5 deep according to most Authors or of 6 deep according to others that of 5 being a number not divisible by 2 so that in doubling of Ranks or Half-files or the like there will always remain an odd Rank Others would have them especially the Harquebusiers to be 8 in File making the Troop to consist of 64 Men being drawn up into a square Body Being thus put into Battalia the first thing they are to be instructed in is Distance and herein there is a disagreement among Authors Some making Close order to be 2 paces Open order 4 paces and so forward to a triple quadruple Distance proportionable Others make but two kinds of Distances Close order which is 3 foot and Open order which is 6 foot And here a difference is to be observed between the manner of taking the Distance of the Cavalry and that of the Infantry for in the Foot the Distance is taken from the Center or middle of the Souldiers Body which here cannot be understood but only of the space of Ground between Horse and Horse But the best and latest Authors are of opinion that the Cavalry being to be exercised in their Motions should be at their Distance of 6 foot or Open order standing right in their Ranks and Files The Motions which belong to the Exercising of the Cavalry are principally four viz. 1. Facings 2. Doublings 3. Countermarches 4. Wheelings And here note that in the exercising of the Cavalry we use to this day the same words that the Graecians and Romans did of old for a File the Romans called Versus and Decura a Rank Jugum a File-leader Ducanus because their Decurae or File consisted of 10 Bringer-up they termed Tergi-ducor a Leader being every odd man in a File Phrastes a Follower which is every even number Substes a Side-man Astes Their Distances also were the same with ours their two Cubits every Cubit being a Foot and a half of our Measure agrees with our three Foot their four Cubits our six Foot and so increasing upon occasion They ordered their Horse-troops at six Foot Distance between File and File in March and three Foot in fight In all the motions we also retain the same words of Command which they used Facing they called Declinatio to the Right Left Hastam Scutum Facing about Immutatio Doubling by Ranks Files Duplicandi duo genera per juga versus Their Countermarches the same which we use Evolutio Chorica Macedonica Laconica per Decurias Scutum Wheelings the same with us Conversio ad Hastam Scutum Reversio est conversionis restitutio Inflexio Wheeling about The use of Facings is to make the Troop perfect to be suddenly prepared for a Charge on either Flank or in the Reer Doubling of Ranks or doubling by Half-files or by Bringers up is used upon occasion of strengthning of the Front Doubling of Files or doubling by Half-ranks serveth to strengthen the Flanks Countermarches serve either to reduce the File-leaders into the place of Bringers-up and so have the best men ready to receive the charge of the Enemy in the Reer or to bring one Flank into the place of the other or Front and Reer or either Flank into the middle of the Body The use of Wheelings is to bring the Front to be ready to receive the Charge of the Enemy on either Flank or Reer For the better information and satisfaction and for the easie apprehending of what hath been said those several Motions are here following represented in Figures by a Troop of Harquebusiers of 64 men and in every Figure the file-leaders are represented by this kind of A. the Bringers up by this kind of a. and the rest of the Body by this kind of a. The form of the first standing To face them to the Right is done by commanding Direction This is done by turning all at one and the same time to the right hand The Front is where the right Flank was To reduce them to their first form the word is Command As you were Direction It is performed by turning to the left hand From thence to face them to the left the Word is Command To the right hand Direction It is performed by turning to the left From hence they are to be reduced by saying Command As you were Direction It is performed by turning to the right Now to face them to the Reer though it be proper first to do it by the right hand yet for the more ready way I
Left Reer Recover your Pikes and put up your Swords Advance your Pikes Charge to the Front Port your Pikes Charge to the Front Shoulder your Pikes Charge to the right Comport your Pikes Charge to the left Cheeke your Pikes Charge to the Reer Trail your Pikes Charge to the Reer After lay the narrow end of the Pike to the ground face about to the left to your first Front and move forward with the butt-end of your Pike on your right side in your Funeral posture After face about to the right raise up your Pike face then again to your first Front you may lay down the Pike to the ground and march from your arms having ended all the postures charges in their due courses And here Fellow-Souldier whoever thou art thou maist perceive that there are no more then eight Postures of the Pike and four Charges that is to say to the Front Reer and both Flanks There are some would fain have another posture added to these which they call the Lazie posture which somtimes I have perceived upon a Stand that then the Pike-man le ts slip his Pike from the shoulder until the butt-end rest upon the ground then laying his right arm over it he stands in an ill-favour'd lazie way Such postures as these are not fit to be ranged among the former but rather to be condemned in regard the Souldier will be apt enough to find out such postures as these of himself if not prevented by the discretion of the careful Officers for upon a Stand the Souldiers properest posture is to Order his Pike And thus much in brief concerning the postures of the Pike CHAP. VI. The Postures of the Musket collected in a brief way ACcording to my former promise I shall endeavour to give the best satisfaction I can to the Muskettiers as well as to the Pikes that there is an answerableness of number in the proper postures of the Musket to them of the Pike and they are eight as I conceive and may be proceeded on in order from the taking up to the laying down of the Musket and nothing acted twice The words of Command for the postures followeth Stand to your Arms Handle your Arms. Now you are to take notice that in taking up the Bandiliers putting them on taking up the Rest putting the string about the left wrist the taking up of the match placing of it the taking up of the musket these or the like are no postures but motions to the first posture Therefore I will proceed upon them all in order as they lie leaving out the words of command tending to the Motions 1 Order your musket 2 Rest your musket 3 Poyse your musket 4 Shoulder your musket 5 Ballance your musket and Rest on the right side with the barrel upwards 6 Trail your Rest and ballance your musket on the left side with the barrel downwards 7 Recover your musket and perform your Sentinel-posture 8 From this perform your funeral-posture This being ended a man may recover his musket and rest that knows how to perform this last posture without bringing him again upon the Rest and may lay down his Arms again observing the former Rule where the postures of the musket are set down at large CHAP. VII There is also a conformity of Posture with the Musket to those of the Pike and Words of Command to be given as may in many things be received by both Arms. THe musket and pike lying on the ground these words of Command may properly be imployed to both That is to say Stand to your Arms Handle your Armes The butt-end of the musket standing or resting on the ground at the outside of right foot is conformable to the Pike ordered The musket poysed to the pike advanced The musket shouldered to the Pike shouldered The musket porting to the pike porting The musket reverst as in the funeral-posture to the Pike trailing The musket rested to the pike cheeked which is his proper sentinel-posture The musket presented to the pike charged As for the motions of posture which conduce to the lading and priming of the musket as to cast about trail recover and the like they are all included in that general word of Command properly to the muskettiers belonging which is to make ready Now methinks I hear some ingenious Souldier begin to ask me What are the use of these postures so fully laid down by you To whom I shall be so courteous as to satisfie them according to my former Method beginning with the Pike as followeth CHAP. VIII The use of the Postures of the Pike The use of Ordering the Pike THe Pike being ordered is the proper posture of a Souldier upon a stand which he ought ever to mind upon any such occasion so to make use of it And I have likewise seen in many places in the day-time this posture to be used by the Souldier standing sentinel The use of Advanceing the Pike The Pike advanced is useful for the Souldier upon a Troop when they are to march swiftly either for the relieving of some Court of Guard or to repair to their place of Randezvous or upon some sudden approaching to an Enemy to make a Charge for then he will be in a fit capacity to clap down quickly his pike upon the breast of the Enemy It is likewise very useful in the time of exercise to the half-files and bringers up upon any doubling to the Front for then they are always to be advanced in respect of a longer march in their doublings then those that double ranks and files but having doubled they must always conform in posture to the part doubled The use of Porting The use of Porting was invented for the ease of the reer half-files upon a charge for the front half-files are only for to charge the reer half-files in the mean time are to port It is likewise very useful at such times when the souldiers are marching through a gate or sally-port from whence I conceive it doth derive its name porting The use of Shouldering The use of shouldering the pike is only properest upon the march in some kind very useful upon a stand in time of Fight provided they are at convenient distance from the Enemy For it much preserveth the pikes and pike-men from the danger of the shot the bullets then gliding off from their Arms which if they stood at such times either ordered or advanced the bullets would make such a clattering amongst the Pikes that what with breaking of them and the shivers flying from them may much endanger the souldiers which carry them The use of Comporting The comporting of the Pike is only useful to the souldier marching up a hill for if then he should be shouldered the butt-end of the Pike would always be touching of the ground to hinder him in his march and much endanger his fellow-souldiers that shall come after him Neither can he march advanced for if there should be any
shall be the leader of the right-hand File of Pikes and who shall be the left For these four being such remarkable places of Honour unto the knowing souldier that special care must be had in placing deserving men to be there Now it is or ought to be the discretion of every Lieutenant and Ensign as being Commission-Officers to resolve the Serjeants herein that they may with more alacrity go on to draw the rest up between and so to order unto each of them their particular duties as to carry equal pains in drawing forth the Files Therefore in respect that for the most part in every Company they have three Serjeants two of them ought to take charge in drawing forth the Muskettiers being helpt by the advice of their Lieutenant and the other to draw forth the Files of Pikes being assisted in counsel by their Ensign for at such times the Officers ought not to be idle and to stand gazing upon each other but every one according to his particular place and relation should be very active and assisting to each other In the drawing up the Company the properest way will be then as you may understand in perfecting up a Company to draw them forth into Files and to make them fix deep as being our custome here in England and farther to have care in choosing able souldiers to be File-leaders who having spent some time and pains in their Files in shewing them their Postures they may be called to joyn into a body For farther direction herein unto the Serjeants whose proper place it doth belong unto to observe this order in drawing up their Files that they may ingrosse the Pikes into one body by themselves and the Muskettiers into another and not to flank the Pikes until such time they shall perceive that in both Arms they are compleat There are likewise several places of honour that the Serjeants ought to take notice of and to be informed of placing of men of worth and desert in both Arms that is to say in the body of Pikes and of the Muskettiers which underneath by figures I shall set forth for farther satisfaction therein Here I have set down the manner how the Serjeants should draw up their Files in each Arms apart by themselves and have figured forth unto them the four chief places of honour in both Arms. It concerns them therefore very much to mind and have regard to these particular places and to order such men of worth there which may be well deserving of the same and those Gentlemen whom they shall think fit after to be worthy of File-leaders places they are to draw them up between the figure 1 and the figure 4 and between the figure 3 and the figure 2 and that Rule to observe in both Arms and to be careful to place good souldiers in the Reer and such who may be able souldiers for half-File-leaders because there may be much occasion by Doublings to bring them up for to assist the Front Thus much I do confess may be sufficient for the present to give directions to the Serjeants for the drawing up the Files and joyning them together Next after I have shewn how to flank their Pikes with Muskettiers I will set forth unto them and the Drums where their places are upon a stand and where to be put upon a march Next followeth to flank the stand of Pikes with the Muskettiers command the Gentlemen of the Pikes to face to the right and left half-Ranks of Muskettiers to Face to the left and then to march and interchange ground facing after to their leaders and closing Files inward to order they will stand as underneath is set forth Having thus stated to them all their proper places next it will be convenient for the Captain to command them to shoulder their Arms both Pikes and Muskettiers and the Officers and Drums taking all their places as before directed they may begin to move and draw forth into a long march as here you see CHAP. XXIII Several reasons given for the placing of the Serjeants after this manner WHen a Body is drawn up in manner as before expressed the Captain being Commander in chief his discretion is to ballance the Officers as near as he can with equal dignity and worth his Front proportionally with the Reer To which purpose he takes unto himself the youngest Serjeant and places him on the right Angle in the Front whereby he may be there ready to march down into the Body or elsewhere according unto the discretion of the Captain to fulfil his commands as also to stand there as a spectator of the Captains actions and an assistant which may be much improvement to him And in like manner he commands the third Serjeant to the left Angle in the Reer as being the second youngest and may be a help unto his Lieutenant there as the fourth is to him in the Front The eldest Serjeant he orders to the left Angle in the Front as being the most honourable place for him being there ready to lead upon a march the Van of the Reer-Guard and the second Serjeant he is appointed to stand on the right Angle of the Reer to make them equal in dignity unto the Front Now if you please to examine the dignity of the Serjeants in the first place as the first Serjeant and the fourth making the number 5 and after take a view of the second place or Reer and there you shall observe that the second Serjeant and third may every way ballance themselves to be equivalent in the worth with the first and fourth carrying with them alike the same number So that it is clearly evident that the Serjeants are rightly stated in number and dignity the Front proportionably with the Reer in the judgement of any knowing Souldier Something more may be spoken of the second Serjeants place which you may take notice in his march to lead the second Division of Pikes which is the most honourablest place of leading that is appointed forth unto the Serjeants the first only excepted and upon a stand when they shall lead up their Divisions every Serjeant is to betake him unto his place as they were at first placed and to continue there until such time they shall receive further order from their Captain Thus much I conceive may give satisfaction unto the discreet Souldier in these particulars leaving them liberty to judge according unto their own best thoughts while we endeavour to draw up our Divisions all abrest again and to make some description of a Body The Captain upon his March having attained some convenient place to draw up his Company makes Alt and commands the Serjeants to lead up their Divisions upon the left and causes the Muskettiers to open from the Pikes making sufficient intervals for the Drums to beat two abrest even with the Front the first two between the right-hand-File-leader of Pikes and the Muskettiers upon the right the second two Drums doing the like upon the left
them if disorderly they swerve awry from what he first intended He must likewise order all his words of Command so as that they may be proper and clearly pronounced forth unto the Souldier without any faltering And in every one of these to see the Souldier leasurely and easily perform the same in a compleat manner He must not be too quick in his words of Command but carefully see what before commanded well done and then he may proceed unto the next In time of his Exercise he must seriously mind what he is to do and not to have his thoughts extravagantly carried away upon any other Subject for fear he be out but if any such thing should happen through forgetfulness he ought not to be daunted but to pull up the spirit of a Souldier as well as he can and endeavour to reduce them again For it is a rare thing to be found for a Leader to be so exquisite in his Exercising as not to be sometimes out and in my observation of most at one time or another I have found them so to be His discretion also ought to be such as to cull out and chuse those things that be chiefest as flowers out of a Garden to fit and compleat up his Exercise in a Souldier-like way which may be most properest for service and use which will bring to him far more commendations and praise in the judgement of every knowing Souldier then to spend his time upon unnecessary toyes but yet sometimes to please the fancy of the curious at their private meetings he may use some things for delight to support and uphold their private Exercises which have nurst up here in London many able Souldiers and Commanders who have been serviceable to our Nation It is a very necessary thing likewise that a Leader sometimes do acquaint the Souldiers of the use of their several Distances Facings Doublings Counter-marches and Wheelings and of all things else he shall command but in such a manner that he dwell not too long upon any thing he shall declare unto them for dulling of the Souldiers who rather would be pleased with more actings then by too much talkings which spins out the time as sometimes ordered to very little purpose He must be very careful of every word of Command he gives that the Souldiers be ordered in their due Distance sutable to the same of what kind soever it be and if it shall be lost in their movings or marchings he must endeavour to bring them to it again He is likewise to acquaint the Souldiers when they are drawn up to look about them and to mind their several places how they stand in the Body whether they be in even Ranks from the Front or odd if even and upon any doubling of Ranks they are the men to double the odd if half-file-leaders that they be commanded to double the Front they must advance their Arms and are Leaders of that Motion to come up to double the Front if Bringers-up commanded to double they are alike to do the same if Bringers up of the Front-half-files and that they be commanded to double the Reer they likewise are to advance their Arms to face about and are to begin to lead them down to the Reer They should likewise take notice how they stand in their Files whether even from the right or no if even and there be any command to double Files to the right they all are to move and double the odd if commanded to double to the left they then stand odd and the others are to move and double them They likewise are to mind their places who are upon the Flanks for a doubling either to Front or Reer by the half-Files they first begin to march and how they stand there as right and left-hand men in even Ranks for by any doublings of Ranks entire or by Division they likewise are the Leaders of the Motion There ought also advice be given to the middle File-leaders to know their places for if there should be any doublings of the half-Ranks they then are first to move and to begin the motion This caution being sometimes quickly run over in advising of the Souldiers that they should ever mind when they are first drawn up into a body these particular places they would not stand so carelessy and so ignorantly in a Body as many times they do not knowing which way to move without a great deal of pains and directions from their Leader for there being so many occasions of doublings of these kinds that it is a necessary thing for every Souldier to be acquainted with the same Yet it is not only sufficient that the Souldiers do mind their places as they stand in a body according to the direction of their Leader as before set forth unto them but that they be likewise in the time of their Exercise very silent in the body and helpful unto their fellow-Souldiers by pointing out unto them with signs with the hand where they should march to perform what was before commanded and to be very civil and orderly in their carriage to each other and to mind their Exercise so as a matter of great weight and high consideration in the well regarding of the same And if a word of command as sometimes may happen slip out of order as by the mistaking of a hand or the like yet nevertheless it should be their modest care if not prevented by their Leader to be ready to execute what they conceive he intended and walking along in this civil and respective way unto him that shall lead them it will not only be a great encouragement unto him but they will also reap much benefit unto themselves And thus much briefly may be spoken in way of advice unto every Leader before his beginning of his Exercise and unto each particular Souldier as shall by him be exercised CHAP. XXVII Of Facings of their several kinds and of their use with the words of command for performance of the same FAcing is the altering or turning of the Aspect to either hand upon the ground they stand according to the words of Command whether it be to the right left Front or Reer or to the midst of Files or Ranks or to any of the outward or inward Angles or to the Center The manner of execution of the same it is a particular turning of every Souldiers countenance unto each of those hands or places as above exprest and to be performed after this manner The left foot is always to be kept fixed like the hinge of a door and unto what hand or part they shall be commanded to face every particular Souldier is immediately to turn his body upon the Ball or Centre of his left foot by wheeling until he hath brought his Aspect unto the place commanded Facings is one of the most necessary and usefullest motions amongst all the rest for when the body shall be in such a streight that they cannot bring their faces against an enemy
half-Ranks double entire the Depth of your left-Flank Command Half-files double your Front to the left entire Direction Half-files face to the left and march clear of the standing part after face to your Leader march up and even the Front Reducement Left half-Ranks double entire the Depth of your right Flank Command Half-files double your Front inward entire Direction Front half-Files face outwards and march clear of the standing part facing after to their Leader the Reer half-Files may move up and double the Front Reducement The inmost Files double entire the Depth of the outmost Files and after close These are as I conceive the properest and plainest Doublings for any Souldier to use in his Exercise out of which he may chuse as many of them as he shall think fit being all entire Doublings to the Front Next follows to shew some Divisional Doublings to the same CHAP. XXXI Divisional Doublings to the Front Command DOuble your Ranks to the right and left by Division Direction Every even Rank from the Front face outwards march forth and double the odd Reducement The outmost Files upon each Flank that moved face inward march in and strengthen the Body Command Double your Ranks to the right and left by Division every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Every even Rank from the Front move forth to the right and left outward and double the odd placing your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men Reducement The outmost Files upon each Flank that moved double the inmost Files to the right and left inward every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man Command Half-files double your Front by Division Direction Half-files face outwards and march clear of the standing part after face to your Leader move up even abrest and double the Front Reducement The outmost Files upon each Flank that moved double entire the Depth of the inmost Files CHAP. XXXII Entire Doublings to the Front by Wheelings Command WHeel off your Reer half-Files and double your Front to the right entire Direction Half-Files face about and wheel about to the left march up and even the Front Reducement Wheel off your right half-Ranks and double your left Flank entire to the left Face outward and right half-Ranks wheel about to the right moving forward until they range even abrest with their left Flank to your Leader Command Wheel off your Reer half-Files and double your Front to the left entire Direction Half-files face to the Reer and wheele about to the right move forwards and double the Front to the left entire Reducement Wheele off your left half-Ranks and double your right Flank entire to the right Face outward left half-Ranks wheel about to the left and move forward until you have doubled the right Flank to your Leader Command Wheel your Reer half-files inward into the midst and double your Front inward entire Direction Front-half-files open from the midst until you be clear of the standing part then face to your Leader half-files face about and wheel your Reer inward into the midst move forward until you have doubled the Front Reducem nt The inmost Files that doubled The inmost Files must have distance from the outmost Files before they can begin to wheel wheel about to the right and left outward and double entire the Depth of the outmost Files after face to your Leader and close Files to the midst to Order CHAP. XXXIII A divisional Doubling to the Front by Wheeling Command WHeel off your Reer half-half-files and double your Front by Division Direction Half-files face to the Reer and wheel about to the right and left move forward and double the Front Reducement The outmost Files upon each Flank that doubled wheel about to the right and left inward Here likewise must convenient distance be given from the midst for the outmost Files to wheel about and double entire the Depth of the inmost Files face to your Leader Here endeth the Doublings that properly belong unto the Front according to the practise of these times whether they be Entire or Divisional and of their several kinds as first take them of themselves in the plain way after by Counter-marches as by the Bringers-up Lastly by Wheelings and that first by Entire after by Divisional But here by the way no Leader is tied to do all these Doublings in his Exercise at once but to use part of them what he shall think fit Yet again if he desire to be throughly knowing in all the Doublings of Front Reer and both Flanks and to shew them unto the Souldiers he may then begin first to go over all the words of Command for Doublings to the Front informing his Souldiers of their several uses for service at one time or another and then proceed to shew the use of the several Doublings to the Flanks and next to the Reer which in this place I hold needless to give words of Command for the Doubling thereunto in regard the former words of Command used to the Front with small alteration will serve to the Reer CHAP. XXXIV Entire Doublings to the right Flank Command FIles to the right double Direction Every even file from the right by a half-turning at three steps double the odd Reducement Ranks to the left double or Files as you were Command Files to the right and left double outward Direction Every even File from the Flanks move and by three steps double the odd Reducement Ranks to the right and left double inward or Files as you were Command Double your Files to the right and left inward Direction Every even File from the midst move inward side-wise and double the odd Reducement Ranks to the right and left double outward or Files as you were Command Double your Files to the right advancing Direction Every even File from the right move forwards and by three steps double the odd Reducement Ranks to the right double Command Double your Files outward advancing Direction Every even File from the Flanks move forwards and by three steps double the odd Reducement Ranks to the right and left double outward Command Double your Files to the right and left inward advancing Direction Every even File from the midst move forwards and by three steps double the odd Reducement Ranks to the right and left double inward Command Left half-Ranks double your right Flank to the right Direction Face all to the right and left half-Ranks move forwards to the right and double your right Flank to your Leader Reducement Double your Ranks to the Left entire or left half-Ranks march forth into your places Command Left half-Ranks double your right Flank to the left Direction Face all to the right and left half-Ranks move forwards to the left until you have doubled the right Flank to your Leader Reducement Double your Ranks to the right entire to the Reer face to the Reer and the even Ranks from the Reer move forth and
Ranks wheel to the right and left towards the Reer Direction Face all about The outside-men are the hinges of this Motion who are to wheel from the Reer to the right and left until they have brought their Aspects unto both the Flanks face to your Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the right and left inward the Right-hand-file is to begin to rank six to the left the Left-hand-file is to rank six to the right making up even abrest 12 in number the rest doing the same Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your ranks outward into both Flanks Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files wheel outward into both Flanks until you have brought your Aspects unto the right and left face to your Leader Reducement Front and Reer-half-files rank 12 to the right and left inward towards the midst of Ranks Front-half-files face about and begin the Motion from the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and the Half-file-leaders ranking six to the right and left from each File making 12 abrest face to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks into both Flanks Direction Half-files face about and march all until you be at twice double distance in the midst then face all about to the right and wheel to the right and left until you have brought your Aspects unto both Flanks by wheeling inward to them face to your Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the right and left inward into Front and Reer Half-files face about and rank in Front and Reer six to the right and six to the left making 12 abrest after face to your Leader CHAP. XLVIII Of Ranks wheeling to the midst of Files Command FRont and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks inward to the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks to the right and left inward until they face in opposition to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left outward unto the midst of Ranks Front-half-files face about and Rank six to the right and left outward Reer-half-files do the same to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks inward into the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about Front and Reer-half-files march until you have attained twice double distance in the midst of Ranks face all about to the right and wheel to the right and left inward into the midst of Files to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left outward into Front and Reer Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files rank six to the right and left outward as before commanded to your Leader move forward and close your Divisions to your double distance CHAP. XLIX Of Ranks wheeling to both Flanks and into the midst at one and the same time They ought to be at more then Open order in Ranks and at order in Files Command FRont and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks to the right and left into both Flanks and the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about to the right and the middle Files and the outmost Files upon each Flank are the hinges of this Motion the rest are to wheel their Ranks to the right and left towards both the Flanks and to the midst of Files face to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left inward to the midst of Ranks and between the Flankers and the middle Files Front-half-files face about and rank six to the right and left inward towards the midst of Ranks between the Flankers and middle Files the Reer-half-files doing the same face to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks inward into both Flanks and into the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files march until you be at double distance in the midst after face all about to the right and wheel your Ranks to the right and left inward into both Flanks and into the midst of Files face to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left inward into Front and Reer between the Flankers and the middle Files Half-files face about and rank six to the right and left inward to the Reer between the Flankers and the middle Files the Front-half-files doing the same to the Front after facing to their Leader Half-files move forwards closing their Divisions to the distance of the former Ranks Having dwelt thus long upon this subject of Inversion and Conversion occasioned thereunto by their great variety and difficulty in the performance of them I hold it convenient to give a breathing space unto the wearied Souldier whilst I in the mean time prepare further matter for his longing desire Yet before I enter in any other discourse of the Art Military I hold it requisite to give some admonitions to those that shall venture upon them For being very difficult they are not easily understood by every puny my advice therefore is to wave such things in time of Exercise which the Souldiers are unacquainted with providing for them such matter as is both plain and easie and being frequently practised in such he may after drill them on to harder till by degrees he hath brought them unto such perfection and knowledge that they shall be able to perform and execute what is commanded not gazing upon one another as I have often observed neither knowing their Leaders meaning or if they did they are altogether ignorant how to fulfil his commands Frequent practice therefore makes the Souldier expert witness our gallant Souldiers and Citizens of London who are most of them so well grounded by frequent practice that their Leaders can scarce give a word of Command which is not easily apprehended by them they being in their exercises so often inured to such difficult expressions as these of Inversion and Conversion CHAP. L. Of Counter-marches with thâ—ir several sorts and kinds affording much variety in time of Exercise THose which have a longing desire to be throughly knowing in this part or branch of Military Discipline must take notice of these four sorts viz. Counter-marching of Files next of Ranks after the Front and Reer-half-files and lastly of right and left Half-ranks all which are performed either by intire or Divisional Counter-marches or else by the intire changing of ground and that by many ways the Front-half-files with the Reer the right Half-ranks with the left So that an expert Leader may venter so far in them as to continue his Exercise without reducing almost for an hour and not to express himself twice in any one word of Command they affording such plenty and variety in them that with pleasure using but four words of Command he may bring each Souldier into his proper place again observing these directions following As first to look down in the Body where his File-leaders are and where his Bringers-up likewise marking the several places of his Half-file-leaders the Bringers up of his Front-half-files together with his Flankers his middle
Files this special care being taken he may begin and proceed to the Reducement after this manner If by some former Counter-marches his File-leaders are in the place of his Half-file-leaders and that his Bringers-up are in the room of the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files then he may proceed in this or the like kinde commanding them to countermarch their Front and Reer into the midst which being performed they will stand in some pretty way of reducing after facing them to the Front where he meets with his Bringers-up in stead of his File-leaders which by one Counter-march will bring them up again into the Front Yet perhaps the Flankers have inter-changed ground with the middle File-leaders if so then Counter-march their Flanks into the midst and face them to the Front and if it happen that the right Flank is become the left and the left the right then Counter-march their Ranks to any hand and after face them to the first Front they are reduced And farther take this for a general rule that when Files or Ranks Counter-march to any hand command them to Counter-march to the contrary and it will reduce them or countermarching your Front and Reer into the midst counter-marching of them back again from the midst will bring each man into his proper place again The same rule being observed reduceth the Flankers or Front and Reer-half-files counter-marching of them from the midst Counter-marches rightly considered branch themselves forth into these three particulars The Macedonian Lacedemonian Chorean The Macedonian is a Counter-march of gaining ground for that it leaveth the ground it formerly stood upon and in lieu thereof taketh the ground before the Front and turneth their Aspects unto the Reer The Lacedemonian is a Counter-march of losing ground for that it leaveth the ground it first stood upon and in room thereof taketh the ground which is behind the Reer thither likewise altering the Souldiers Aspects The Chorean is a Counter-march maintaining ground keeping the ground the Battalia formerly stood upon every Souldier taking anothers place it likewise turns the Aspect towards the Reer Thus you see for all their great variety which latter ages have invented they consist but of three sorts or kinds either maintaining gaining or losing of ground and may be performed as I said before either by intire or divisional Counter-marches It may now be expected that I declare unto the Souldier the meaning of each particular Counter-march briefly therefore thus Files counter-marching is when every Souldier followeth his Leader Ranks counter-marching is when every Souldier followeth his side-man whether it be to the right-hand or to the left Front and Reer-half-files counter-marching is sometimes when every particular Souldier followeth his Leader or Bringer-up or else when they follow their Half-file-leaders or their Bringers-up of the Front-half-files or the like Right and left Half-ranks counter-marching is when every Souldier in the Rank followeth the outmost men upon the right and left or when they shall follow their inside right and left-hand-men or the like What hath hitherto been spoken may be sufficient both for the instruction and direction of any discreet Souldier I come in the next place to set them all before them as they lie in Order CHAP. LI. Intire Counter-marching of Files Command FIles to the Right Left Hand Counter-march maintaining ground Direction File-leaders turn off upon the ground you stand the rest moving up successively into the File-leaders place turning off until the Bringers-up come up into the Front after face to your Leader Command File-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders Command File-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders face to your Leader Command File-Leaders face to the Reer the rest pass through to the right or left following your Bringers-up and placing your selves behind your Leaders face all to your Leader Command File-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders following your Bringers up Command Files to the right and left Counter-march losing ground placing your selves before your Bringers-up Direction Every File-leader turn off upon the ground he stands on the rest successively doing the same until they come to the last Rank who need do no more then face about after face all to their Leader Command The last Rank stand the rest pass through to the right or left placing your selves behind your Bringers-up every man following his Leader Direction File-leaders turn off to the right or left the rest following successively until they are all clear of the Reer then face to their Leader Command Bringers-up stand the rest face about pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Bringers-up Command Bringers-up face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Bringers-up Direction Face all to the Reer and begin the Motion with the second Rank from the Reer moving forward every man placing himself before his Bringer-up to your Leader Command Counter-march your Front and Reer into the midst Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left Front Half-files turn off to the right to your Leader Command Front and Reer Half-files Counter-march to the right or left Direction This is to be done distinctly the Front half-files turning off to the right by themselves the Reer half-files turning off in like manner face to your Leader Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and half-file-leaders Command Counter-march your Front and Reer half-files to the right and left from the midst Direction Front half-files face about and turn off to the right Reer half-files turn off to the left to your Leader Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders and your half-file-leaders to your Leaders Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and half-file-leaders every man following his Bringer-up and the Bringers-up of the Front half-files Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders and half-file-leaders following your Bringers-up Direction The File-leaders and the Half-file-leaders being first faced are to stand and the Bringers-up of the Front and Reer-half-files are to move forwards until they be cleer of the standing part after they are to face to the Reer which being ended they are again to face to the Front CHAP. LII Divisional Counter-marching of Files Command FIle-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction Half-files face about the Counter-march being ended and faced again to the Front command them to
right and left about Ranks ranking downward to the Reer and ranking as they were 10 Fire losing ground falling off to the right and left about just before the Front of Pikes 11 Now if the Enemy pursue eagerly and that you cannot make a safe retreat marching face all about and fire upon them by way of Extraduction or by half-ranks divided as formerly hath been shewen And thus much likewise briefly concerning Firings to the Reer Firings to the Flanks marching in the next place I shall shew some Firings to the Flanks for performance whereof it will be expedient to bring all the Muskettiers upon one of the Flanks but for order sake I will begin with the Firings from the right Flank 1 Fire to the right and gather up your Files it is to be performed after this manner The outmost File upon the right is to face to the right and to give fire and after to face to the Front and stand until the next File have fired in like manner and then the first File gathers up unto him upon the right even abrest and standing until the third File have faced to the right and fired in like manner and after facing to the Front the other Files moving up in the like way as before and following successively this rule until all have given fire and then to march up and even the Front of Pikes the Muskettiers will stand as at first when they were brought upon the right Flank 2 Fire to the right File-leaders leading up their Files next to the Pikes 3 Fire to the right Bringers-up leading away next the Pikes which being twice done reduceth them 4 Fire to the right leading up on the contrary Flank either by the File-leaders or Bringers-up 5 Fire to the right and leading up by Bringers-up between the Pikes and passing through to their places again doing the same reduceth them 6 Fire to the right and leading up between the Pikes by the Leaders and passing through the Pikes again to the right they will be as at first the like may be done to the left or in some kind to both Flanks at one and the same time 7 Fire to the right by Ranks wheeling and Ranks to rank as they were to the right upon their marching reduceth them 8. Fire to the right by Ranks inverting or filing and upon the March the Souldiers ranking reduceth them 9. Fire to the right Files filing and gathering up their Files to the left reduceth them These Firings being performed marching the next shall be upon a Stand where note you must cast all your Muskettiers upon that Flank where you conceive the Enemy will fall on whether right left or both but for order sake we usually begin with the right wherefore face to the right and proceed as followeth Firings to the right Flank upon a Stand. 1. Fire and fall in the Reer of your selves 2. Fire and flank the Pikes 3. Fire even with the Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves 4. Fire even with the Reer moving forth to the right and left by Ranks falling in the Reer of themselves 5. Fire by extraduction by half-ranks drawn forth and falling Rank after Rank in the Reer of the Pikes after to reduce them as at first cause them to double their Front by Division These Firings may as well be performed to both Flanks as to one the Body being faced accordingly which would make many Firings more but these already set down may be sufficient for any ingenious capacity to work upon for the present observing this rule that in every Firing he shall make use of in time of his Exercise he may reduce them by another which will be more pleasing to the Souldier by reason of the great variety it affords unto them Now now in the last place I know it will be expected that I should speak something of the use of Firings wherefore briefly thus Firings to the Front marching or moving when we either pursue after or approach to an Enemy Firings to the Front maintaining ground when two Bodies encounter one another Firings to the Front losing ground when either we are forced thereunto by necessity or that we do it out of policy to draw the Enemy into a train or snare Firings to the Reer marching when we are pursued by an Enemy yet would continue our March until we have gained some place of importance or advantage Firings to the Reer upon a Stand when we are compelled thereunto by the violent pursuit of an Enemy or else when we have gained a place of advantage of ground or have recovered the Wind or Sun whereby we are the better able to encounter with them Firings to the Flank or Flanks marching when we are assaulted by some Ambuscado secretly placed to hinder our passage or supposing two Armies are marching to one and the same place a River being betwixt them Firings to Flank or Flanks standing when the Enemy chargeth on with a resolution to cut off or divide part of the Army from the other Having thus briefly set down several Firings to Front Reer and both Flanks with their uses either marching or standing I hold it convenient in the next place to give some short directions in time Battail both to the Officers and their Souldiers First that the Drummers have a vigilant eye upon their Commanders whose voices are drown'd by the loud thundring of the Cannon or Muskettiers as also by the neighing of Horses or the lamentable cries of the maim'd and wounded Souldiers at which time the Leaders Staff Half-pike or what else he carries in his hand may be sufficient for to instruct them to continue their charge retreat or else to charge home Secondly that the Serjeants be careful in time of Battail that their Souldiers be at their due distance of order both in Rank and File and that upon their Firings whether they be Forlorns either of Files or Ranks drawn forth or otherwise by Divisions they see them neatly and handsomely perform'd by cocking their Matches and presenting something lower then brest-high and after Uncocking and returning them wheeling off either to the right left or both falling in the Reer of themselves or elsewhere as shall be appointed in an orderly manner whereby they may decently come up again to Fire against the Enemy Thirdly that the Souldiers present and give fire upon their Rests not using that slovenly posture of popping their Matches into the Pan their Muskets being on their left sides which is not onely hurtful unto themselves but much endangers their Fellow-souldiers and by so doing they scarce or ever do any execution against an Enemy But here I meet with an objection framed by the Souldiers after this manner Our Rests are of little or no use unto us in time of skirmishing fit they are we confess in the Military Gardens but in time of Battail both troublesome and cumbersome unto us To whom I reply what if they be a little cumbersome at first must
I have here set down words of Command to make every man a File-leader both by Succession and Dignity a Commander is not thereby tyed up but may if he please practise the same upon a whole Company altering but a little some words of Command As for Example we cannot say in a File Double your Ranks there being none until there be some other Files joyned thereunto and therefore if we intend a doubling by a single File we command it to rank two to the right or left which in a Company must be exprest Ranks to the right or left double Thus you see with a little alteration every man is brought up into the Front either by Succession or Dignity whether the Files be even numbers or odd great bodies or small But here by the way I must crave pardon to speak something in commendation of these Doublings in answer to them that account them but Toys to whom I will be so bold as to tell them that it is not for want of ignorance they so slightly esteem of them for were they truly knowing in the Art of Drilling they must of force confess abundance of variety in them affording much delight to him that shall command and great content unto them that are commanded perceiving themselves to be made File-leaders by the skill and worth of their Leaders And besides there may be just cause at one time or other many times to alter the Ranks exchanging the one for the other bringing thereby their best deserving Souldiers into the chiefest places of honour and casting others into their rooms at the discretion of the Commander Therefore I could wish all Leaders whatsoever to be well skill'd and verst in these Doublings the frequent practice whereof will make them more apt in the Exercise of more difficult things in the Art Military To which ingenious study I leave them and in the next place proceed to shew them several Figures of Battail to be performed by single Files consisting of several Depths of men CHAP. LXIV Concerning Figures of Battail to be performed by singles Files with some admonitions to those that shall practice themselves therein THe great plenty and variety of matter that may be performed in the exercising of a single File makes me wonder at the ignorance of those who are famed abroad for able knowing Souldiers who after they have passed over the Postures are at a stand as if there were nothing else to be done with the same But did they truely understand what dishonour and disparagement it is unto them they would not be so idle and backward but set times a part often inuring themselves to the practice thereof going through all the Motions Distances Facings Doublings Counter-marches and Wheelings and may farther if he please with his single File draw forth divers Figures of Battail declaring unto his Souldiers their several reasons and uses The exercising his Company after this manner affords unto them both content and delight and it is likewise very useful in greater Bodies when time of need shall require as shall appear in the sequel of this Book But here me thinks I hear some say Of what use are your Figures seeing for the most part in pitcht Battails or skirmishes in the field they commonly fire one against another in Square or by Forlorns drawn forth from the Body and being relieved return into their places again To whom I answer that in one respect it is true there being scarce any pitcht Battail in the field fought in these latter times but it hath been with even Fronts who are first engaged whether it be by Divisions drawn off by way of Forlorns Wings or Battail they fight with even Fronts or Squadrons as having every five or six Files divided a part from each other having six foot ground interval betwixt the abovesaid number of Files for the conveniency of the Ranks wheeling off after they have fired As concerning such Figures as are framed like the Wedge Saw Sheers or Diamond I must confess there is little or no use at all except it be for delight or for the practice and experience of some young Souldier whereby he may plainly see the custom of the Ancients in setting forth such ancient Figures But to let this pass and to come to the place where we left I shall shew unto the Souldier how needful it is for him to be well skilled in the framing of Figures of Battail and likewise to be throughly acquainted with their several uses Wherefore take this for a general rule that there was never any pitcht Battail but there were Reserves appointed out unto all the parts thereof whereby they might bring off and at time of need relieve each other and if so certainly they must of necessity carry along with them several forms and Figures of Battail according to the discretion of the Major-general or the Commanders in chief whom it shall concern It will therefore be expedient since there is a necessity of Figures of Battail and for the setting apart of Divisions for the relieving of each other for every Commander that will be truely knowing to have always some imprinted in his memory that in time of need he may not be to seek or wanting in them To which purpose I have collected some few putting them to their view being formerly practised by me for the satisfaction of those loving Gentlemen which have private Meetings in London but more especially for those of the Town-ditch unto whom I am especially bound And therefore without more delay I shall lay before them certain Figures of Battail upon all the Depths of Files set forth in the former Table leaving them to their own discretion to make use of what shall best comply and suit to their intended purpose CHAP. LXV Military experiments upon a File six deep branching forth eight several Figures of Battail with their reducement Command FIle rank two to the left 2 1 4 3 6 5 Command The middlemost Rank open to the right and left to open order  2 1  4   3  6 5  Command The last Rank advance forward into the next Rank that is before you and to open from the midst to open order and the first Rank move forward one pac e.   2 1   4 6   5 3 Command The first Rank open outward two foot beyond open order the last Rank close forward to Order  2   1  4  6 5  3 Command Division upon the left face about march all till you be clear each of other face all to the left and march two paces face to your Leader the last Rank open outward to double distance  1  5  3  2  4  6 Command The first Rank open outward to double distance the first man in the Front face about move down and double the middlemost man to the right Rank-wise 5   3  2 1  4   6
and left move down and Flank the Reer-division of Pikes The second firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down upon the inside of the next division of Pikes and after face to their Leader The third firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Flanks move up into the room of the former and Fire falling in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places again the Muskettiers on the inside moving up into their places again The fourth firing Let the Reer-division face about then let them Fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves let the Pikes charge and after ordering their Arms their Reer-division facing to their Leader the Muskettiers thereof may move up into their places again Command The outmost divisions face outward and move two paces face to your Leader move up until you range even abrest with the second divisions next the Front Reer-division move streight forward two paces The first firing Let them all give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the Muskettiers advance forwards until they be cleer of the Front-division and then rank outward and Fire altogether after filing inward as they were move down again into their places the Pikes at the same time charging and after order their Arms. Command Front-division advance forward three paces the outmost division upon the Flanks move up and range even with the Front The first firing Direction for the same let them all face to the Reer and the middle-division of Muskettiers move forwards and flank the Reer-division of Pikes after let all the Muskettiers advance forwards three foot cleer of their own divisions of Pikes and give Fire falling in the Reer of themselves and after facing about move into their places again The second firing Let them Fire as they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves and the Pikes in the Reer may charge on and after facing to their Leader Command The outmost divisions face inward march three paces and the next two divisions face outward and move two paces to your Leader Reer-division move outward until you stand streight with the Front-divisions The first firing Let the Front-Division of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after moving down in the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into the Front firing in like manner moving down and exchanging places with them in the Reer The second firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Flanks move forward even with the Front give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move down into their places again and face to their Leader The third firing Let them face to the Front reer and both Flanks and let the Pikes port and the Muskettiers give fire The fourth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of the Pikes the Pikes charging whilest the Muskettiers make ready again The fifth firing Let the Pikes charge at foot and the Muskettiers give fire over their heads then recovering their Arms face to their Leader Reducement Front-Divisions face about Front and Reer-Divisions march and interchange ground to your Leader The out-most Divisions face inward and close your Divisions to your Leader even your Ranks and streighten your Files and close to Order they are reduced The Captain may now command the Muskettiers to poyse their Arms and file away to the right and left making as it were a Street or Gallery for him to troop away the Pikes and lodge his Colours CHAP. VII The second Exercise with four Files six deep THe Souldiers being the second time summoned to appear at their place of Rendezvous the Sergeants having drawn forth the Files may give liberty to the Leaders thereof to exercise them in their several Postures which being ended their Captain or other Officers may command them to lead up their Files and to joyn them into a Body after which he may shew unto them their Distances and Facings with their several kinds following the former rule and after proceed to these or the like Doublings following CHAP. VIII Eighteen several Doublings with their reducements Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Command Double your files to the right intire advancing Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right intire Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank to the left Direction Face all to the right and left-half-ranks move forward and double your right Flank to the left to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the left intire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank intire advancing Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank inward intire Direction Half-files of the right half-ranks face about right half-ranks move cleer of the standing part face all to the right left half-ranks move forwards into the right Flank to your Leader Command The three first and the three last Ranks double the six middle-most intire to the left Flank Direction The three first and the three last face to the left march cleer of the standing part face inward move and close your Divisions to your Leader Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank to the right Direction Face all to the left and right half-ranks move forwards and double your left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the right intire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank inward intire Command The three first and the three last Ranks double the six middle-most Ranks intire to the right Flank Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank intire advancing Command Front half-files double your Reer to the left intire Command Half-files double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Direction Half-files face about File-leaders turn off to the left and move down upon the right of the Reer the rest following successively to your Leader Command Files double your Depth to the left intire they are reduced being faced to their Leader CHAP. IX Twelve several Counter-marches with their reducements Command FIles to the right hand countermarch losing ground Command Ranks to the right hand counter-march losing ground Direction Face all to the right Command Front and Reer half-files inter-change ground Direction Front half-files face about to the left Command Right and left half-ranks inter-change ground Direction Face inward Command File-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right a place your selves behinde your Leaders face to the Front Command Counter-march your Front and Reer into the midst Command Counter-march your Flanks into the midst Face out-ward Command File-leaders and Half-file-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and Half-file-leaders Direction The second Rank from the Front and from the
in the Reer of them the Drums beating a troop let them march away and lodge the Colours the Muskettiers giving of a volley they may all betake themselves unto their several habitations until they shall be summon'd again by beat of the Drum unto their place of Rendezvous CHAP. XXI The seventh Exercise consisting of sixty four men eight Files eight deep THe Souldiers appearing unto the place of Exercise according unto the appointment of their Leader or accustomed thereunto by beat of Drum are drawn forth into several Files as is the usual custom And the Souldiers being instructed of the use and handling of their Arms by the Serjeants Corporals or Leaders of the Files spending such time therein as shall be convenient until the fetching of the Colours to which purpose they draw up their Files and joyn into a Body doubling the Front to the left by the Half-files and send for the Colours Which being brought unto the head of the Company and the Souldiers returned unto their several places and that the Body is closed in Rank and File to close Order then silence and the well minding of their Directions and their obedience is required of them being three main properties belonging unto every Souldier Now for more variety sake in matter of Motions the Leader may spend his chiefest time in Doublings by Wheelings giving upon all occasions the Souldiers their due distance unto every word of Command and instructing them with their several reasons and uses and so proceed to this that follows CHAP. XXII Two and twenty several Doublings by Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front by division Direction Half-files face to the Reer and wheel about to the right and left until you come up even with the Front Command Right and left Half-ranks double the Depth of the Battail by wheeling into the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel to the left Left-half-ranks wheel to the right to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer by Division Direction Half-files face to the Reer and Front-half-files wheel about to the right and left and move down even with the Reer to your Leader Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double the left Flank to the right intire Direction Face outward and right Half-ranks wheel about to the left and double the left Flank to the right intire to your Leader Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double your left Flank by division Direction Face outward and right Half-ranks wheel about to the right and and let and double the left Flank by Division to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files double the length of your Battail by wheeling into the left Flank Direction Face to the left and Front-half-files that were wheel to the left Reer-half-files wheel to the right to your Leader Command Wheel of your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank by division Command Front and Reer-half-files double the length of the Battail by wheeling into the right Flank Command Wheel your Left-half-ranks inward into the midst and double the right Flank inward intire Direction Front and Reer-half-files open from the midst to more then double distance after face outward and Left-half-ranks wheel inward into the midst and move forward and double the right Flank inward intire to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the right intire Direction Half-files face to the Reer and Front-half-files wheel about to the left and move down upon the right into the Reer and face to your Leader Command Wheel your Right-half-ranks inward into the midst and double your left Flank inward intire Command Wheel off the Front-half-files and double the Reer to the left intire Command Wheel your Reer-half-files inward into the midst and double your Front inward intire Direction Right and Left-half-ranks open from the midst to more then double distance and Half-files face about and wheel inward into the midst and move forward and double your Front inward intire Command Right and left Half-ranks double the Depth of your Battail by wheeling into the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and right-half-ranks wheel to the left and left-half-ranks wheel to the right until you meet to your Leader Command Wheel your Front-half-files inward into the midst and double the Reer inward intire Command Wheel off your left-half-ranks and double your right Flank to the right intire Face outward Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double the Front to the left intire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank to the left intire Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front to the right intire Face outward Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double intire the Depth of the right Flank Direction Left-half-ranks face to the left and wheel about to the left until you come down in the Reer of the right Flank to your Leader Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double the Length of your Front to the right Direction Half-files face about and wheel round to the left and move forward and double the length of the Front to the right they are reduced CHAP. XXIII Several Firings and Figures of Battail with sixty four men HAving passed over these several Wheelings by way of Doublings it will be sufficient time to proceed unto Firings wherefore first command to open their Files from the midst to open Order and the Bringers-up thereof to double the Front to the right and left inward The first firing Let them fire to the Front by Ranks ranking outward and after to rank as they were The second firing Let them give fire to the Front by ranks ranking inward and ranking again as they were and closing again to the Body of Pikes The third firing Let the Half-files face about and let them give fire to Front and Reer by Ranks ranking outward and ranking in again as they were The fourth firing Let them advance forwards by two Ranks some ten paces before the Front and Reer and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and fall before the Front and Reer of Pikes and then fire again falling off to the right and left and Flank the Pikes then the Pikes may charge on and the Muskettiers may fall in the Reer of the Pikes and then Pikes may charge at Foot and the Muskettiers may give fire altogether over their heads The fifth firing Let the Pikes port and the Muskettiers move forth to the right and left and fire by extraduction then the Pikes may charge again and the Muskettiers may move forth as before and the first Rank of each division may give fire even with the Front and Reer and stand the rest may after move forth cleer of them and give fire falling behind their own Divisions of Muskettiers then face all to their Leader and close their Divisions forward to Order and then proceed to Figure of Battail Command half-Half-files face about
Order and to joyn with the outmost Files when their aspects being to the outward Angles of Front and Reer let the Pikes port and Muskettiers give fire to the four Angles and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again and after retreat back into their places again The ninth firing Let them give fire again the first rank in each Division and wheel about to the right and move down into their first places where before they were drawn forth and every rank consequently fall in the reer of them then let the Pikes close into the midst to Order and face all to their Leader Command Muskettiers face to the right and left outward and move twelve paces then face to the reer and move likewise twelve paces after face to their Leader front-half-Front-half-files of each Division move forward three paces right and left half-ranks of each Division move outward two paces Front-Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers stand reer-divisions of both Arms move to the right and left outward until you be clear of the Front-divisions then close ranks and files in each Division to Order and face to their Leader they will stand in the first Figure The first firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers move forward and range even abrest with the Front of Pikes give fire and fall in the reer of themselves then face about and move down into their own ground again and face to their Leader then let the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers move in like manner as the former did and give fire and fall off in like manner and down again into their places Let the Muskettiers in the next place face outward and move three paces and after face to the Front then let the reer-divisions of Muskettiers advance forward until they range even abrest with the Front-divisions then let them give fire all together in each Division and fall in the Reer of themselves and after let the outmost divisions that moved up move down again into their places then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat into their places The second firing Let the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front move forward before the Front of Pikes and the inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front let them likewise move at the same time before the Reer-divisions of Pikes then let the Pikes port and Muskettiers in each Division give fire on the ground they stand and after fall in the Reer of themselves and those Muskettiers that formerly moved forth from their places let the Serjeants wheel them off to the right and left into their first ground and face to their Leader Command Inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front face to the Reer Divisions of Pikes upon the left in the Front face about to the right Divisions that are thus faced move down three foot clear of the Reer of each Arms. Front-divisions both of Pikes and Muskettiers and those that last moved face to the left and move two paces face all to your Leader and Muskettiers move forward until your middle Divisions range even abrest with the Reer-divisions of Pikes and they will stand as followeth Upon this Figure let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and then wheel off to the right and left into the ground of the Reer-divisions and they at the same time are to move up into their places and to give fire and fall off accordingly into their first places Then let the middle Divisions move forward until they range even with the Front of Pikes and let them give fire and fall first in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places again and face to their Leader then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat back again into their places They may fire to the Reer after the same manner as they did to the Front they being thither faced and after they have all fired face again to their Leader Command Let the four Divisions of Muskettiers upon the right move away and let the Divisions of Pikes fall in the Reer of them and the four Divisions of Muskettiers on the left to fall in the Reer of the Pikes then standing straight in their Divisions both Rank-wise and File-wise and they will stand as followeth Upon this Figure let the Reer Divisions face about to the right and let the first Divisions give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves then let them advance forward three paces and after wheel about to the right and interchange ground with the Reer-divisions and they at the same time are to move up and give fire and fall off accordingly Then let the other Divisions move forward until they range even abrest with Front and Reer give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down into their places then face all to their Leader Command The four first divisions stand the rest face to the left and march cleer of the standing part then let the Pikes face to the Front and march up even abrest with the Muskettiers Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face to the Front and move up likewise Muskettiers face inward move all three or four paces until they stand in form of the second Figure face all to your Leader Reer-division of Pikes face about and move down three foot clear of the Reer to your Leader which produceth the last Figure Upon this Figure let the Reer-division of Pikes face about and Muskettiers face outward then let Pikes port and let the first Divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and interchange ground with the Reer-divisions and face again to Front and Reer and let those that came up into their room give fire in like manner and fall off and down again into their places Then let the next Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and let the Pikes charge on and being retreated back again into their places command the two middle Divisions of Muskettiers to face to the Reer and move down and range even with the Reer then let every Division of Muskettiers give fire on the ground they stand to both flanks and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge on again and those Muskettiers that moved down into the Reer may face about and move back again into their places and face all to the Front Reducement Reer-division of Pikes advance forward to the left into the Front the two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about and march clear of the Reer then face to the right and left outward and place themselves behind the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers outmost divisions of Muskettiers face inward and move straight in the Reer of the Front-divisions and let the Pikes fall in the Reer of their Front-divisions and face all to their Leader Half-files of Muskettiers double your front to the right and left inward and after
commanding all the Muskettiers to stand and the Pikes to advance their Arms and move forward ten or twelve paces and then to stand and close their Files outward to Order three of their Colours moving with their Pikes to the right hand the other three moving away to the left After he may command Muskettiers to close their Files outward to Order and they will stand in four Divisions two of Pikes and in the Reer of them two of Muskettiers as underneath is set forth the Captains being all upon the head of the Pikes with their Ensigns and the Lieutenants in the Reer the Serjeants attending upon the Flanks of each division This being done command each division of Muskettiers and Pikes to face outward and to move to such convenient distance that being faced to the Front there may be room sufficient upon the subdividing of each division of Muskettiers for their moving up and flanking each body of Pikes After which the Major may assign unto every Captain and Lieutenant his due place of honour as they stand all abrest and that they may also naturally fall into their proper places upon the march which shall be set forth in the next Figure standing in two grand Divisions the one in the Reer of the other which may happen sometimes for want of ground but provided they have ground enough they ought to stand in one even range as in folio 5. The Major after they are thus drawn up in one even range will finde three Files of Muskettiers more in the second grand Division and two of the Pikes then is in the first therefore he must take from thence one File of each Company and add them to nine Files in the Reer which maketh them twelve and then he will have ballanced the divisions equal taking off one File of Pikes and placing it amonst the eldest Captains Pikes CHAP. III. The Reasons follow for the placing of the Captains their Colours and their Lieutenants after the manner before set down WHat hath formerly been declared concerning a Rank or File six abrest or six deep may be satisfactory in some kind unto this point which takes his rule from hence For all private Companies smaller Bodies or single Files must or ought to be as neer as they can conformable to greater Bodies as to Regiments and consequently they to Brigades Therefore take notice that this rule ought ever to be observed in the drawing of Regiments that the right Flank as neer as may be ought to be suitable with the left both in strength number and dignity and likewise to be so when they are drawn forth upon a long march the Front equal with the Reer Now suppose these two grand divisions stood even abrest we will begin to examine the first worth which is the Colonels and the fourth worth which is the eldest Captains and placed upon the right and left of the first grand division with the second and third worth who are the Lieutenant-Colonel and Major drawn up upon the right and left of the second grand division and you shall finde they are every way equivalent in number worth and dignity with that of the first In the next place there are no more to place but the fifth and sixth worth who are the second and third Captains and therefore since it is the first place of honour among the Captains in a Regiment to lead the first Body or Stand of Pikes it must then consequently follow that the second place of honour must be to lead the second grand division of Pikes and therefore the fifth worth is brought into and placed between the second and third that he may stand there to lead the second Body of Pikes wherein the Lieutenant-Colonel the Major and his own Colours are placed so that there remains no more but the sixth worth or youngest Captain to place who is to be drawn up between the Colonel and eldest Captain Now if we shall further proceed to ballance it more cleerly consider them by dividing them by two's in their places as first we will begin with the Colonel the first worth who hath joyned to him the youngest Captain which is the sixth worth and they two make the number 7 then compare the Lieutenant-Colonel who is the second worth unto the second Captain joyn'd with him which is the fifth worth and they make alike the same number after that compare the Major and elder Captain who are drawn up into the midst of the Regiment whose places carry the third and fourth worth and their number is suitable with the rest And thus much may be spoken in general now I shall come more particularly to give further satisfaction both for them and for all the rest and therefore I will give reasons for the placing of the Officers of the first grand division and cleering that the second will quickly be laid open to the view CHAP. IV. More particular Reasons for the placing of the Captains and Lieutenants of the first grand Division IN this grand Division there is the Colonel the eldest Captain and the youngest drawn up into the midst and they having each of them Lieutenants take notice therefore of these reasons for their placing thus That always upon such small Bodies as these the first honour is ever placed upon the right and the second upon the left and that which remains must of necessity be drawn up into the midst they standing all abrest These three Companies being ordered into a right and left Flank and one Stand of Pikes or Van-guard Reer-ward or Main-battail as they may be term'd the reasons follow for the thus standing of the Officers whether marching all even abrest or upon a stand it is the Colonels proper place to be on the head or midst of his grand division which is his chiefest place of security and where he ought to fight for standing there the other may more conveniently repair unto him for their orders as occasion shall require Now the Colonel being a Field-Officer is not absolutely tyed to any one place to fight as the rest are many occasions calling him from thence the eldest Captain therefore is appointed to take charge of the Body of Pikes whether it be upon a March to lead them or upon a Stand to fight them he ought never to forsake them but upon special command from his Colonel or other Field-Officers Now the reason why the first Body of Pikes is the most honourablest place to lead is as I conceive because the Colonels Colours are there flying and besides being the more ancienter Arms far more honour it is to lead them for most commonly the gallantest men of the Infantry desire rather to trail Pikes then to carry Muskets Moreover it hath been a constant practise in most places that the eldest Captain should have that place to lead on foot although many times his Colonel being on horse-back may be a little before him Having spoken of these two it remains to speak something of the youngest Captain
Then let the Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers next the Flanks advance forward 12 paces the Muskettiers upon the right to be led away by the Captain-Lieutenant and those upon the left by the third Captain being assisted by four Serjeants apiece let them fire the first Divisions some six or eight times over falling in the Reer of themselves then wheel them off to the right and left into the ground of those Divisions that follow them and facing again to their Front then let the Reer-divisions advance forward into their places and give fire in like manner to the former which being ended let those four divisions be led down into their first places Then let the next eight Divisions by the Pikes advance forward until they be cleer of the standing part those four Divisions upon the right are to be led away by the Majors Lieutenant and the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up and those four Divisions upon the left by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant and the third Captains Lieutenant assisted by 12 Serjeants then let them fire some half a score times the Front-divisions falling in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right and left into the ground of their Reer-divisions they then moving up into their places may fire after the same manner and having ended they may be led down all again into their first places Then Command the first Divisions of Muskettiers to face about to the right and let them and the two last Divisions move forward and range even abrest with those that stand before them and after face all to the Front then let the Muskettiers face outward and move 12 paces and after face again to the Front then move up those divisions that were the Forlorn-hope to the right and left into the Front unto their first places and those that were the Reserves up even abrest with the Reer from whence they were taken after let them fire in and even Front altogether some half a score times over and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Colonels eldest and second Captains move forward the Pikes and charge on if they please the Colours falling in the second Rank being furled up and after let all order their Arms and reduce them into Companies again Reducement Left-half-ranks of Pikes face about and move down until you range even with the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face to your Leader Right-half-ranks of Pikes advance forward and range even abrest with the Front-divisions of Muskettiers Files close to the left to Order of each grand Division then they will stand in two grand Divisions as at first the one in the Reer of the other then draw up the second grand Division provided there be room upon the left of the first Then let a Serjeant of each particular Company draw off those thirteen Files which before were taken off to ballance the Divisions into equal number and were appointed for the guard of the Ammunition or Baggage and bring them to joyn with their own Arms where their Captains Companies stands Which being done let every Captain draw off his own men being assisted by his Lieutenants and Serjeants and compleating them up into a Body as at first his Pikes to be flanked with Muskettiers they may after march away in single Companies after such manner unto their several Quarters as shall be appointed to them by the Major And here I shall conclude concerning a Regiment of six Companies CHAP. XIII The manner of drawing up a Regiment consisting of seven Companies conteining in the four Captains twelve Files of Muskettiers and six of Pikes in each of their particular Companies and in the three Field-Officers sixteen Files apiece of Muskettiers and eight of Pikes which amounts to the number of 864 men IT hath been my observation in the City of London and the Suburbs thereof there being eighteen Regiments nine of the Trained Bands and nine of the Auxiliaries that their Regiments in some have but six Companies others and that for the most part seven and again in some and but a few to have eight Companies I shall therefore for the better satisfaction of such as remain unskill'd herein go through them all partly to shew the practise of this our City in their several drawings up with the reasons to confirm the same And having passed over as much as is convenient to satisfie any ingenious Souldier concerning the drawing up of six Companies in a Regimental-way with the confirmation and reasons of every particular Officer as he there stands it may in many things give full light to this that follows of seven Companies Yet nevertheless for more fuller satisfaction herein I shall shew the true manner hereof that I may not be wanting to any Souldiers benefit that he shall receive thereby Where note for better Order herein that I have pitcht upon a particular number of men although it may many times fall out so that the Captains Companies and the Field-Officers cannot be so full as I have here set down Or again it may chance to fall out as in our Trained Bands of London that they be a great deal fuller as sometimes they are for I have led a particular Company my self upon a general day being drawn into the Filed consisting of above 300 men Yet nevertheless whether the Companies be great or small observe this general Rule make two grand Divisions and ballance their number equal in both Arms and make no more Sub-divisions then what you have Captains to lead and Lieutenants to bring up and let the Serjeants march by the Flanks and not presume either to lead or bring up any divisions being conceived by most to be very improper And again if you fight the Regiment let your Muskettiers as neer as you can be equal alike in their Sub-divisions as they may most conveniently fall out whether four five or six abrest it makes no great matter always leaving in time of fight between such numbers of Files six foot of ground interval for to wheel off their Ranks after they have fired Now suppose the whole Regiment were marching to their general place of Randezvous the Major being there beforehand attending the Companies coming in he Orders to the Colonels Company the most convenient place for their drawing up and next to him the fourth Captains Company upon the left and next to him the third Captain and after him the eldest or first Captain which makes the first grand Division In the next place he orders the Lieutenant-Colonels Company to be on the left of the whole Regiment standing in even Front with the Colonel upon the right of him the second Captain is placed and after him the Majors own Company which make up the second grand Division Having thus far proceeded let the Major command the Pikes and Colours to advance forward ten paces before the Front of Muskettiers then let him close the Pikes of the first four Companies to the right to Order and the Pikes of the last to the left to
Worths of the second grand Division being compared together makes a like number of 18 unto that of the first Division And to take off all Objections that might be made concerning the second Captain and fifth why they should not rather be placed in the first Division then in the second because it hath been held by the opinion of some it should be so but never any substantial reason to be given for the same Therefore unto this I shall say that they ought to be there where I have placed them in respect of what I have formerly said that as it is the first place of Honour amongst the Captains to lead the first Body of Pikes where the Colonels Colours does flie and to make them of the second Division equal in number with the first the youngest Captain which is the eighth Worth is brought in and joyned to the second Captain who is the fifth and therefore a File or a Rank ought to be set forth in Dignity after this manner in respect 2585 4761 18 18 there is no truer stating the Dignity of a single File or Rank then that which shall conform to greater Bodies as that of Regiments And thus much briefly shall suffice to be spoken concerning the second grand Division for the placing the second and fifth Captains betwixt the Lieutenant-Colonel and the Majors in respect the second Captain stands very aptly there to receive his proper place and the youngest Captain is brought in to ballance their Dignities unto that of the first In the next place I shall shew how they ought to be drawn up in a Regimental way being all even abrest as before command Muskettiers to face about and to march down 12 foot clear of the Reer then face to the Front after close Files outward to Order of each Arms then subdivide each Division of Muskettiers and move them up to flank each Body of Pikes And having accounted and cast up the number of Files of each Arms in each grand Division you will finde the Colonels Division to have in it 26 Files of Pikes and 52 Files of Muskettiers next the Lieutenant-Colonels Division being examined you will finde that to have in it 28 Files of Pikes and 56 Files of Muskettiers Now to make these equal in number there must be taken forth one File of Pikes and two of Muskettiers from the second grand Division and place one a piece in the midst of the first Division in every one of their particular Divisions and they will contain equal alike in each grand Division 27 Files of Pikes and 54 Files of Muskettiers In the next place the Major may assign unto every Captain and Lieutenant where his place shall be to lead and where to bring up the Colonel being upon the head of his Division and the Lieutenant-Colonel upon the head of the second grand Division the Major in the Front betwixt them both or where else he pleaseth being an Officer always to act through the whole Regiment And in the first place he appoints the Captain-Lieutenant to be on the head of the first Division of Muskettiers and to be brought up with the fourth Captains Lieutenant next he orders the eldest Captain to be on the head of the first Division of Pikes and to be brought up by the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up and the fourth Captain to be on the head of the second division of Pikes and to be brought up by the eldest Captains Lieutenant and the second division of Muskettiers he appoints unto the third Captain and to be brought up by his own Lieutenant and upon the Long-march let him and his Captain change places until such time they shall draw up again After he orders his own Lieutenant to be on the head of the third division of Muskettiers and the third division of Pikes he appoints to the fifth Captain and to be brought up by his own Lieutenant the fourth Division of Pikes is ordered to be the second Captains place and brought up by his own Lieutenant the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant is appointed to the fourth and last division of Muskettiers the Lieutenant-Colonel upon the Long-march bringing up the whole Regiment It might be supposed the Captain-Lieutenant Lieutenant-Colonels and Majors Lieutenants have too great places of Honour but to answer them all their Captains being Field-Officers and upon several occasions moving off their Lieutenants do officiate there in their rooms and are but as assistants unto them for likewise upon several occasions they come to those places themselves to lead marching there before their Lieutenants As concerning the placing of all the rest of the other Officers they lie clearly for as much as formerly hath been spoken in their proper places without as I conceive the exceptions of any Secondly uâ—on the Long-march the Colonel draws off the first Division of Muskettiers and leads them marching some 12 foot before his Captain-Lieutenant and that division is brought up by the fourth Captains Lieutenant the Colours marching two and two upon every division whereof the first is drawn off and led by the first Captain and brought up by the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up the next division of Pikes falling in the Reer of the first and led by the fourth Captain and brought upo the first Captains Lieutenant the second division of Muskettiers is led by the â—ird Captains Lieutenant and brought up by his own Captain the fourth or first division of Muskettiers in the second grand Division is led by the Major when he pleaseth some 12 foot before his own Lieutenant and the third Division of Pikes is led by the fifth Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant the fourth and last division of Pikes is led by the second Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant the fourth and last Division of Muskettiers is led by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant the Reer of the whole Regiment being brought up by the Lieutenant-Colonel Thus every Division is to march by succession the one in the Reer of another keeping eighteen foot distance betwixt every Division until they shall have room to march all even abrest and then with very little alteration with the third Captain changing places with his own Lieutenant they are all to take their places again as at first Having now set forth the true Dignity of every Captains and Lieutenants place what men they shall take charge on to fight where to lead and where to bring up I shall spare the Figure in respect I shall shew with very little alteration the manner of drawing up and marching of divers Regiments that were under the command of the late Earl of Essex The first grand Division in respect of every Officer and place is to be ordered as the former only in the second there will be this small alteration the Lieutenant-Colonels Company and the Majors are to enterchange places the rest are to remain as they were only with this alteration following the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant is to lead the first Division of Muskettiers until such
eldest Captains Colours flying upon the head of them and to be brought up by the seventh or youngest Captain in the Regiment the Reer-guard of Muskettiers of the first grand Division to be led by the third Captain and brought up by the eldest Captains Lieutenant who upon the Long-march these two are to inter-change places if the third Captain desire it and having such permission from the Major being more honour to bring up then to lead as was said before in the former Regiments Next follows the placing of the Officers in the second grand Division let the Van-guard of Muskettiers there be led by the Majors Lieutenant or by himself when he pleaseth and be brought up by the fifth Captains Lieutenant next let the first Division of Pikes be led by the fifth Captain having two Colours flying in the head of them the Majors and his own and to be brought up by the sixth Captains Lieutenant let the next Division of Pikes be led by the second Captain having three Colours flying on the head of them the Lieutenant-Colonels his own and the sixth Captains and let that be brought up by the second Captains Lieutenant let the last Division of Muskettiers be led by the sixth Captain and brought up by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant the Lieutenant-Colonel upon the Long-march bringing up the Reer of the Regiment some 12 foot behind his own Lieutenant I shall in the next place shew the Reasons for the thus placing of the Officers where first I shall endeavour to clear the first grand Division which will occasion the second to be more easily resolved Where briefly thus as concerning the Colonel eldest Captain third Captain and Captain-Lieutenant I shall pass them over having formerly spoken sufficient to satisfie any Souldier therein It follows therefore to speak of the fourth Captains place which is the next man of Honour after the former and therefore is placed to lead the second Division of Pikes which is more honour to him to lead there then to lead a sub-division of Muskettiers In the Van-guard next to him in Honour in this Division is the seventh Captain who is appointed to bring up the first grand Body of Pikes which likewise is more Honour unto him then to lead or bring up any sub-division of Muskettiers as before expressed Having thus resolved of all the Captains and Captain-Lieutenants place next follows the reasons of the Lieutenants places where first take notice that the eldest Captains Lieutenant is appointed to bring up the Reer-guard which next the Pikes is the greatest place of honor in the reer and a very honorable place unto him or if he alters places with the third Captain upon the Long-march yet nevertheless he hath the chiefest place of honour after the Capt. Lieut. amongst all the Lieutenants unto those places he is ordered unto The third Captains Lieutenant is assigned to the next place who leads the second Division of Muskettiers in the Van-guard which is more honour to him then to bring up any such Division after follows him the fourth Captains Lieutenant who brings up the Reer of the Van-guard which is more honour to him of the places remaining to be there then to bring up either the first Division of Muskettiers or the first Division of Pikes Lastly the seventh Captains Lieutenant is placed to bring up the first Division of Pikes which being the more honourable Arms it adds more honour to him to be there to bring up then the first Division of Muskettiers which being the last place of honour it is given to the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up to be there And thus much shall suffice for the reasons of the places of the first grand Division Now for placing of the Officers of the second grand Division I shall not need to speak any thing concerning the Lieutenant-Colonels Major Second Captain and the Majors Lieutenants place in regard in the former Regiments I have endeavoured to give the Souldier satisfaction therein Therefore next to those in this grand Division follows to be spoken is the fifth Captain who is the next man of honour and therefore hath his due place appointed out to him to lead the first division of Pikes where the Majors and his own Colours flie which is more honour to him to lead there the Van of the Pikes then the Reer-guard of Muskettiers Next to him is the sixth Captain which next the Pikes hath his due place of honour remaining to him to lead the Reer-guard Having thus resolved the Captains places I shall in the next endeavour to shew the Lieutenants where first it falls to the Lieut. Colonels Lieutenant to be placed first who is ordered to bring up the Reer to be an assistant unto his Lieut. Colonel who is a Field-Officer and may have many occasions to fall off and therefore he requires his Lieutenant to be present with his men there as the Colonels doth his in the Front And as much may be said of the Majors Lieutenant but passing him by I come next to the second Captains Lieutenant who is appointed to bring up the Reer of the second Body of Pikes which is the greatest place of honour that is in the Reer next to the Lieu. Colonels Lieutenant After him follows the fifth Captains Lieutenant who is placed to bring up the Reer of the Van-guard of this division which is more honor then to bring up the Van of the Pikes whose turn being the last place of honor fals to him that is the youngest Lieutenant which is the sixth Captains Lieutenant And thus as briefly as I could I have run over all the reasons for the placing of the Officers in the Regiment drawn up after this manner that I might not be wanting unto the desire of any such who are willing to be informed therein being always ready to employ my self in as plain a way as I can for the benefit of all true loving Souldiers who are concerned herein And therefore for their better satisfaction let them cast their eye upon the Figure as it is demonstrated between Folio 161 and 162 where they shall see every man placed according to my former Discourse CHAP. XVII The manner both of the drawing up and the order of the Long-march of Colonel Rainsborough his Regiment bringing up the Reer of the Foot of the Army under the Command of the Lord General Fairfax at their first marching through the City of London on the seventh of August 1647. THe first order of drawing up the Regiment at their first place of Randevous before they marched or joyn'd with the Army was thus The Colonels Company being upon the out-most part of the right of the Regiment next to his left by succession was drawn up the second sixth fifth and first Captain which make up his Division or the right Half-ranks in their first drawing up to be compleat and may in their Figure of Dignity standing in a rank be demonstrated as followeth 4 8 9 5 1 This number of Worth being cast
manner The seventh and the second Captain then the Colonel after him the sixth fourth and first Captain then the Major after him the fifth and third Captain who closes up the left of the whole Regiment the figures of their Dignity standing after this manner 6 8 3 4 7 9 1 5 10 2 28 27 Here you may perceive they follow a rule to Ballance their number of Dignity as neer as they can carrying their odd number on the left Half-rank and not upon the right for these reasons as I conceive following Their Regiments being so full of men they draw them up for the most part into three Squadrons or grand divisions giving unto the Lieutenant-Colonel the right Wing the Major the left and the Colonel the Main-battail The Colonels grand Division consists of the four middle Companies where you are to take notice being drawn off some ten paces cleer from the rest they stand after this manner by way of Figure 4 7 9 1. The Lieutenant-Colonels Division after this manner 5 10 2. and the Majors after this kinde 6 8 3. Wherein I do observe in each grand Division this Rule that by succession and degrees they put the best Souldiers upon the right and the second according to course upon the left and the rest between them As first the Colonel being the chiefest man of honour is placed upon the right of his Squadron next to his left is the sixth and fourth Captain and the closing up of his grand Division is placed the first or eldest Captain The Lieutenant-Colonel being the second man of honour is likewise placed upon the right of his Squadron and next to his left the seventh Captain his grand Division being closed up by the second Captain In the next place the Major he being the third man of honour is placed upon the right of his Squadron and upon hisleft the fifth Captain and his grand Division is closed up upon the left by the third Captain So that you may observe in the closing up of every Division that as every Field-Officer is upon the right of their Squadrons so they take by degrees upon the outmost of their left to close their Divisions the Captains according to their degrees by succession As first and more cleerly the Colonel takes the eldest Captain to him on his left who will aptly fall in to lead his Body of Pikes and Colours the Lieutenant-Colonel takes the second Captain for to lead his Stand of Pikes and Colours the third Captain being placed upon the left of the outmost part of the Majors Squadron to lead likewise his Colours and Body of Pikes And further if you observe the number of worth and dignity that the right Wing hath with the left you will finde them to be equally ballanced and to be seventeen alike in number Now in respect there cannot be an equal Division of the Colours by threes there is very good reason that the odd should be placed in the Colonels Squadron who is Commander in chief and to whom it properly belongs unto In the next place I shall shew you how to draw them forth in a Regimental-way the four middle Companies being advanced forward ten paces cleer form the three outmost Companies may stand then draw forth the Pikes of each Squadron until they be ten foot cleer of their Muskettiers then close Pikes into the midst to Order in their Files in each Division and they will be in three Bodies after close the Muskettiers into the midst to Order then sub-divide them in as equal a way as you can and let them move up upon the right and left and flank each Body of Pikes Then let the Major examine the Files in the Colonels Division how many they exceed in number the other two and he will finde twelve Files of Muskettiers and six Files of Pikes more then in the rest Now to make them equal alike in each Squadron let him take off from each particular Company of the Colonels Squadron one File of Pikes and place two of those four in the midst of the Lieutenant-Colonels Squadron and the remaining two in the midst of his own Squadron which being done each body of Pikes will have in it 22 Files After let him take off from each Company two Files of Muskettiers which will be eight Files let him place two Files in the midst of each Flank of Muskettiers both in the Divisions of the Lieutenant-Colonels and his own and then there will be in each particular Division of Muskettiers 21 Files This being likewise a very good way to draw up a Regiment of so great a number of men I was unwilling to pass it by but to present it unto the view of all loving Souldiers which will more fuller appear in the Figure following Folio 167 in which Figure I shall shew the several places of the Captains and their Lieutenants where they are to lead and where to bring up CHAP. IX The way of drawing up a Regiment consisting of twelve Companies the nine Captains having eighteen Files in each Company and the three Field-Officers every one of them twenty four Files whereof there are two thirds of Muskettiers and one of Pikes in each particular Company amounting in all to 1404 men THe Major having convenient place he first orders where the Colonels Company is to stand and after draws all the rest of the Companies upon the left of him after this manner The ninth the fourth the third the sixth and the first Captains then the Major next the seventh the fifth the second and the eighth Captains and the outmost of all upon the left the Lieutenant-Colonels Company in manner of the dignity of a Rank as they thus stand 2 11 5 8 10 3 4 9 6 7 12 1. 39. 39. The dignity of places cannot be better stated then in this of twelve Companies as first the Right-half-ranks is equal with the left in number of dignity Again divide them into three parts and their number of dignity falls out to carry along with it an equal number of twenty six all even alike Consider likewise the stating of every Captain in the Regiment and they are qualified equal throughout the best and the youngest Souldiers joyned together as by examining them how they stand by two's their number of worth and dignity throughout carries thirteen all equal alike In the next place draw forth all the Pikes and ingross them into two Bodies then divide the Muskettiers into four parts and move them up and Flank those Stands of Pikes and they will be in two grand Divisions then place the Officers after this manner beginning first with the Colonels division make two Divisions of Muskettiers in his Van let the first be led by the Captain Lieutenant and be brought up by his Bringer-up let the next Division of Muskettiers be led by the fourth Captains Lieutenant and brought up by the third Captains Lieutenant let the Pikes be divided into three Divisions the Colours flying two and two
upon the head of them let the first Division be led by the eldest Captain and brought up by the ninth Captains Lieutenant let the next Division be led by the sixth Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant let the last Division be led by the fourth Captain and the whole Body of Pikes be brought up by the ninth Captain Then let the Reer-guard of the Colonels Division be led by such observations as is set forth in other Regiments by the third Captain and brought up by the first Captains Lieutenant Having placed the Officers in the first grand Division he may proceed unto the next let the first Division of Muskettiers be led by the Majors-Lieutenant and brought up by the fifth Captains Lieutenant Let the Pikes be divided into three parts the Colours likewise flying two and two upon the head of them then let the first Division be led by the fifth Captain and brought up by the eighth Captains Lieutenant next let the second Division be led by the eighth Captain and brought up by the seventh Captains Lieutenant Lastly let the third Division be led by the second Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant let the last Division of Muskettiers be led by the seventh Captain and brought up by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant The Colonel is to be on the head of his Division and the Lieutenant-Colonel upon the head of his and the Major between them both in the Front The Officers before they are thus placed are to have their grand Divisions of both Arms equally ballanced for number of worth observing still the former Rules in the execution of the same It might be here expected I should shew reasons for the thus placing of the Officers after this manner but to satisfie such if they please but to observe and take notice of the reasons given in the former Regiments which will give satisfaction unto this carrying with it the same order and way And likewise it might be expected that I should here set forth a Figure for the thus drawing them up as before exprest and placing of the several Officers But since this Regiment falls out to be so full in number I shall set it forth after the manner of drawing up a Brigade according to the Swedish practise CHAP. XX. The manner of drawing up a Regiment according to the Swedish Brigade AFter that the Major hath plac'd the Lieutenant-Colonels Company in such a convenient place that he may draw all the rest up on the left of him he thus proceeds in bringing up the Companies he first places to him the eighth Captain then the fifth after that the second then the Colonels Company next to him the ninth Captain then the sixth Captain and first Captain after the Majors then the seventh Captain after the fourth Captain then upon the outmost part of the lest is placed the third Captain in manner and form as they thus stand 6 7 10 3 4 9· 12 1 5 8 11 2. 39 39 Having thus far proceeded he may command the four outmost Companies upon each Flank to advance forward some ten paces cleer from the four middle Companies then let them stand and after let him draw forward the Pikes cleer from the Muskettiers and close their Files outward to Order then let the Muskettiers be divided into four parts their Files being closed to Order let them move forward and flank those two Bodies of Pikes After in the same manner move forward the Pikes in the four middle Companies until they be cleer of the Muskettiers and close their Files into the midst to Order and divide their Muskettiers into two parts and let them move forward and flank the Body of Pikes and then they will stand in their Squadrons or grand Divisions their dignities standing after this manner in the Colonels division thus 4 9 12 1. In the Lieutenant-Colonels division thus 5 8 11 2. and in the the Majors thus 6 7 10 3. So that you may perceive this to be a very good way amongst the rest each particular Squadron bearing the number of 26 and having unto every one of them their Dignities and worths equally divided and stated alike In the next place the Major ought to inquire of the number of men they carry in each division of both Arms where as first he shall finde in the Colonels Squadron to have in it 26 Files of Pikes and 52 Files of Muskettiers and examining all the rest they will fall out to the same proportion of number So that in each Division there contains whether they be Pikes or Muskettiers to have in every particular thereof 78 Files In the next place he shall do well to appoint forth unto them their several places to lead and bring up and first of the Colonels grand Division he being on the head thereof the Captain-Lieutenant leading the first division of Muskettiers in his Squadron being brought up by his Bringer-up the first two Colours and his half Body of Pikes to be led by the eldest Captain and brought up by the ninth Captains Lieutenant the next two Colours and half Body of Pikes to be led by the ninth Captain and brought up by the eldest Captains Lieutenant the last division of Muskettiers in his Squadron to be led by the sixth Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant The first division of Muskettiers in the Lieutenant-colonels Squadron is led by his own Lieutenant and brought up by the eighth Captains Lieutenant his first two Colours and half Body of Pikes is led by the seventh Captain and the next two Colours and half Body of Pikes is led by the eigthth Captain and brought up by the second Captains Lieutenant his last division of Muskettiers is led by the fifth Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant himself standing as the Colonel doth upon the head of his Squadron The first division of Muskettiers in the Majors Squadron himself being upon the head is led by his own Lieutenant and brought up by the seventh Captains Lieutenant his first two Colours and half Body of Pikes is led by the third Captain and the next two Colours and half Body of Pikes is led by the seventh Captain and brought up by the third Captains Lieutenant his last division of Muskettiers is led by the fourth Captain and brought up by his Lieutenant as in the next place in the Figure set forth in Folio 170 more fully appeareth They standing according to the former directions in three Bodies of Pikes flanked with the Muskettiers before they come to the Figure set forth you must command in each grand division the six inmost Files of Muskettiers next the Pikes to face about and to march six paces cleer of the Reer and then close inward to Order Afterward open every four Files outward to open Order of those 12 Files and let the middle-division there face about and move down six foot cleer of the Reer and after face to their Leader Then there will remain 20 Files of
Muskettiers upon the Flanks of each Body of Pikes after move forward the eight middle Files of particular division of Muskettiers some ten foot before the Front Then command the left-half-ranks or the four Files of Muskettiers upon the left of those divisions drawn forth to face about and to move down ten foot cleer of the Reer and after face to the Front Then let the 12 remaining Files of Muskettiers close to the Pikes to open Order and let every four Files of those remaining 12 upon the Flanks open outward six foot of ground betwixt each four Files and move the Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers just against the midst of those three divisions of Muskettiers that are the Flankers to the Pikes and they will stand in the Figure as it is placed in Folio 170. Place this between page 170 and 171. They standing now in a perfect Order of a Brigade the number of men in this Regiment allowing it in a full manner according to the small Brigades of the Swedes I shall not need to point out of what service this Figure or drawing up may be in respect there is no ingenious Souldier but may cleerly perceive they stand in a very good Order to fight against an Enemy their Commanders being appointed forth to manage it accordingly Therefore I shall leave it to the practise of such who in time of need shall have occasion to make use of it and in the next place shew the manner of reducing them again into Companies First move forward those 12 Files of Muskettiers in the Reer of each body of Pikes six to the right and six to the left next to the outside of their own body of Pikes After command the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers to advance forward upon the left of those Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front then face them about and move them down into the midst of those Muskettiers that were the Flankers After let every Captain draw off his Pikes and Muskettiers and ingross them into particular Companies and they will then be ready to march away to their several Quarters And here I shall conclude concerning a Regiment of twelve Companies CHAP. XXI The manner of drawing up a Brigade or Tertia being a third part of an Army according to the practise of the Netherlands under the command of the Prince of Orange BEfore I shall begin to draw up this Tertia Army or Brigade I shall set down the observation of Col. Hen. Hexam in his Book treating of the Office of the three Serjeant-Majors of the Tertia otherwise called the three Field-Corporals His words are these The States Army by order of his Highness is divided upon a March into three Brigades or Tertia's and a Serjeant-Major of a Tertia being one of the great Captains of the Field receives his Order immediate from the Lord-General or the Lord Martial but most commonly of the Serjeant-Major-General of the Army how he shall form and order his Brigade or Tertia and how many Regiments of Horse and Foot are to march under it and with what Ordnance and Baggage He assigns and shews him the place where they are to draw out into Battalia and receives Orders from the Serjeant-Major-General whether they are to march in the Van-guard the Battail or the Reer So that in marching in every one of these he shall attend upon his Brigade and several Divisions and in the absence of the Serjeant-Major-General see that the order of marching and embattailing be duly kept and observed And every one of these three Serjeants-Majors of Brigades are to be at the command of the Colonel General or be that leads or commands that Brigade or Tertia and is to be sent to the Lord-General Lord-Martial or Serjeant-Major-General upon any occasion belonging to the service These three Majors of the Tertia's are to be lodged as neer the Serjeant-Major-General as conveniently may be and those three which attend upon the Van-guard the Battail or Reer which the Serjeant-Major shall make choice of ground for the placing of Guards and assign them to the Serjeant-Majors of every Regiment They are to go the Round and to visit the Guard commonly every night and at such an hour as the Serjeant-Major shall appoint them either by day or night If any of these three Serjeant-Majors of the Field shall finde any want of Powder Ammunition or Victuals either in the Van-guard Battail or Reer as well upon the march as when the Troops are quartered or during fight he is presently to advertise the Serjeant-Major-General of the Field with the said wants And then by his direction shall go with an Officer of every Regiment of that Tertia to the General or Lieutenant of the Ordnance or to the Commissary General of the Ammunition or Victuals A Serjeant-Major of a Tertia to conclude having received his Orders from the Lord-General the Martial or Serjeant-Major-general gives them to the Serjeant-Majors of every particular Regiment But because the Word and Orders are to be sent to Quarters far distant one from another the Serjeant-Major of every Regiment cannot come conveniently to the Serjeant-Major-General Therefore the Majors of every Brigade are to attend every morning and evening upon the Serjeant-Major-General to receive their Orders and to carry the Word to the several Quarters whither the Serjeant-Majors of Regiments comes to him and from him receives the Word and Orders The drawing up of Brigades in the next place comes to be handled after the way of the Hollanders therefore first take notice that Brigades are not tyed to a set number of Companies or Regiments but are ordered according to the several strengths of an Army As sometimes they consist of 12 Companies some of two Regiments others of three or four having in them not alike number of Companies or men which ought accordingly unto the several Divisions of a Brigade to be ballanced alike both in number of men dignity and worth as is in particular Regiments fully set forth And in respect that several Divisions make a Brigade and that according to the disposition of an Army all the Officers and Souldiers are divided into three parts called Brigades or Tertia's each of them having a several name to wit the Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard Now that Tertia which is to march first is called the Van-guard that which marcheth next in the middle the Battail and that which comes up last the Reer Every one of these upon march as was formerly expressed in the Swedish Brigade take their turns interchangeably for the second day of the March the Battail becomes the Van-guard and the Reer the second day the Battail and the third day the Tertia that had first the Reer is become the Van-guard So likewise there ought to be in every particular Brigade or Tertia a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard to each of them which with more conveniencie may be orderly brought to fight by him that shall be Commander in chief for the relieving each other according as
occasion shall require In the next place for a Brigade I shall point forth four Regiments having in them eight Companies a piece after the manner of a Regiment of eight formerly set down which amounts to 3888 men which number may serve for a third part of an Army of foot and make up a very compleat and sufficient Brigade And I shall order in this Brigade to have in it four Divisions that is to say a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard represented in the three first Regiments but the fourth shall be a reserve standing in the Reer of the Main-battail or Brigade whereby upon all occasions of the other retreating or being driven backward that Regiment may move up to relieve each part thereof that shall be distressed But upon the Long-march of this Brigade the two middle Regiments according to their order of dignity are to make the Battail which in the Figure were made the Van-guard and Reer-guard and that which formerly was the Van-guard is become the Battail and the Reer-guard the Reserve but where they have ground sufficient it will be better to march in that form of Battalia set down according to the Figure Folio 176. This Brigade consisting of four Regiments must be drawn up according to the dignity of their Captains but with this alteration of Arms for the former Regiments consisting of two Divisions this hath but one after this manner CHAP. XXII How to draw up an Army of twelve Regiments of Foot and three of Horse the Foot amounting unto 11664 men and the Horse unto 3000 in all 14664 men THe drawing up or an Army most properly belongs to the Serjeant-Major-General whose place and charge is of an high degree his commands being full of action and therefore ought to be a wise grave and able person and an experienced Souldier in respect he hath the ordering and disposing of the Divisions and Battalions according to that form which the General shall command him And upon all occasions he must be active and stirring up and down to spie out all advantages which might offend an Enemy and wisely to foresee all disadvantages that may bring the Troops into any disorder or confusion He hath absolute command over the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades otherwise called the three Grand Corporals of the Field who are to be his assistants and his mouth as he is the mouth of the Lord General or Martial of the Field and therefore must have a vigilant eye over all things seeing that the Generals command delivered to him be strictly kept and observed and withall acquainting and informing the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades of the Generals pleasure that they may forthwith put the same into execution Now the Method that I shall observe shall be according to the form of the former Brigade wherefore in the first place the Serjeant-Major shall do well to appoint out unto the eldest Serjeant-Major of the Brigades how to draw up that Brigade which shall be the Battail wherein the Lord Generals Regiment and the Colonels is to be upon the right and left of that Brigade and betwixt them the eldest Colonel and ninth Colonel according to this rule of Dignity in the Figure set forth 4 9 12 1. In the next place let the next Serjeant-Major of the Brigades in seniority draw up that which shall be the Van-guard and place the second Colonels Regiment upon the right and the fifth upon the left and between them the eleventh and eighth Colonels after this manner of this Figure 5 8 11 2. Let the last Serjeant-Major draw up that Brigade which shall be in the Reer and let him draw them up after this manner the third Colonels Regiment upon the right and upon the left the sixth Colonels and between them the tenth and seventh Colonels Regiment after this manner 6 7 10 3 This charge being given by the Serjeant-Major-General unto the three Serjeant-Majors of the three Tertias or Brigades how each particular Regiment shall be drawn up being every one single and compared alike each to other being rightly stated according to the rule of Dignity avoiding thereby confusion and disorder In the next place for the better expedition in drawing up the Army every Serjeant-Major of each Brigade draws the former Regiments assigned unto them unto such place as shall be appointed forth unto them by the Serjeant-Major-General being helped and assisted by the Field-Officers of the same Regiments the Serjeant-Major-General being an assistant unto them all seeing thereby all the Commands of the General rightly observed and fulfilled AN ARMY OF FOOT OR THREE SINGLE BRIGADS CONSISTING OF 11664 MEN DRAWN VP AND EMBATTELLED TOGETHER WITH THE PLACING OF THE CANNON Let these three Sheets be pasted together at length one after another so that they may appear as one single Leafe and let them be placed between Page 174 and 175. After this the General of the Ordnance his duty and care must be in the day of Battail to see that the Ordnance be well placed for at such time his wisdom is most discern'd keeping with the assistance of his Lieutenant the Train of Artillery together in good order He must have a vigilant eye upon all accidents that may fall but and make choise of such ground for their planting as the General of the Army and he shall think most fit and convenient He must be careful that all things be in a readiness putting the Master Gunners Gentlemen of the Ordnance and Commanders in minde of their duty that they do their best endeavours and acquit themselves like men It is likewise partly his charge to see that the whole Army be well provided with Ammunition because the Ammunition marcheth under his Train He must also be neer the General of the Army upon all occasions to receive his Directions and Commands and to know from him after what manner he will make his Battail that he may plant his Ordnance accordingly finding out Hills and Heights to play over his own men And when the Enemy shall present himself and come up to charge he must draw and plant his Ordnance as neer their Horse as possible may be to hinder them from breaking in upon the Divisions of Foot taking along with him Saylours and Pioneers to help to draw up the Ordnance and sufficient Guards to defend them As concerning the planting of the Ordnance when the Battalia is drawn up they may be disposed of several ways as sometimes they are placed upon the head of the Battalia others again between them by two and two and others threes upon the Flanks and Wings of the Muskettiers Some are of opinion that they ought to be planted upon the Flank and in the Reer of the Battalia by leaving a free place for Arms which may give no offence to their own men But as concerning this last way it might be answered it can no way be expedient for if an Enemy should perceive that the Frout is left bare without Ordnance it will give them cause
by the way laying of them secretly in some Ambushments Which being truely considered of care may be taken accordingly of Supplies in other remote places free from the danger of the Enemy To conclude a Quarter-Master ought to carry himself honestly and carefully in his place and to be well skill'd in the Art of Mathematicks that he may the better give Directions for fortifying and measuring of ground quartering of his whole Regiment and in hutting of the particular Souldiers The duty of a Serjeant HE that is a Serjeant to a Company ought to be well skill'd in the Postures and all Military Motions whereby in the first place he may endeavour to correct the errours of such who handle not the Arms in a handsome or a serviceable way And secondly that he may be helpful to his Captain or other Superiour Officer In time of his Exercise his duty is to draw forth the Files according to such depths as shall be appointed unto him by his Captain or other Superiour Officer and to order them in the drawing up and joyning together the Souldiers unto such places of honour as they shall direct him unto In a single Company he leadeth oftentimes a Division but ought not always there to march in respect he is concerned to see that the Souldiers march even in their Ranks at their distance of Order in File and open Order in Rank To which purpose he ought many times to be upon the Flanks and perceiving any Souldier out of order he may cast in his Halbert between their Ranks to cause him to march even abrest with his right and left-hand-men He is likewise either in Field or Garrison to lead his Squadron to their Guard and to carry to prison such Offendours as his Captain or other Superiour Officer shall commit to the Provost-Martial He is to see that the Muskettiers in time of skirmishing present all even abrest with their Matches all cockt giving fire all together in good Order and to direct them how to fall off and rally again in the Reer of their own Divisions His duty likewise is to fetch Ammunition Powder Match and all other Materials for the Company He is moreover every particular evening to attend at the place of Parade or at the Majors Lodging to fetch the Word and carry it to his Captain Lieutenant Ensign and Corporals and likewise as soon as he is come unto his Guard he must direct the Corporals where to set out the Perdues and Sentinels and how to order his Watch. He must likewise make Rounds and if he finde a Sentinel asleep in the Field he is to commit him to the hand of Justice And thus much concerning the duty of a Serjeant Of an Ensign AN Ensign being a Commission-Officer in the absence of his Captain and Lieutenant is Commander in chief of the Company and ought to march upon the head of the same leading them with a Half-pike His Captain and Lieutenant being present and upon a Stand his Colours ought to rest upon his side being held by his right or left-hand and unfurled upon the March his Colours ought to be shouldered taking up the corner-end of them in his right-hand and to let them be half flying the Pikes and Muskets all conforming unto the same Posture Marching through a City for the more grace his Colours may be wholly flying being advanced and held up by his right-hand or resting upon his right side He ought to be a proper man grave valiant and discreet and to be well skill'd in the Postures of the Pike in respect he leads them and they expect from him to be taught the Postures thereof He ought to be well skill'd in all the lofty Figures of the displaying of the Colours above the head and to make use of them according to discretion and command which is not onely a healthfull exercise to his body but also most becoming to him or any other Gentleman or Commander whatsoever that shall sometimes make use of the same although condemned through sloth and ignorance by others who will not take the pains to learn it An Ensign upon a Troop lodging he Colours or in time of skirmishing may fold them up and retreat into the second Rank for the securing of his Colours which he ought to stick by and not to stir from them at such a time although he hazardeth his last drop of blood or makes them his winding-sheet When the General shall pass by or any such man of worth he ought a little to vail his Colours inclining the head or narrow end thereof a little downward but not to bow his knee or uncover his head He may sometimes for his ease or recreation upon the March request some Gentleman of knowing trust of the Pikes to carry his Colours for him until such time as he shall come again for to take them In the absence of his Lieutenant when his Captain shall exercise the Company he may stick his Colours in the ground or deliver them to some Gentleman of the Pikes and fall down himself in the Reer with a Half-pike or Cane there to be an assistant to his Captain in supplying the Lieutenants place except his Captain should command him to the contrary He ought to have a Guard along with him as well to the lodging of his Colours as to any other place He ought to perform all courteous offices for the Souldiers unto his Captain which will gain him both love and reputation amongst them they thereby better respecting him and more couragiously following of him Of a Lieutenant HE that is a Lieutenant to a Company ought to be a good and able Souldier and well to understand the Duty of a Captain in respect that in his absence he is as Captain and Commander in chief over them He is likewise to receive all Orders Charges and Commissions from his Captain assuming no authority unto himself but in the absence of his Captain he is to see all such Orders he hath received duly executed for the better ease unto him He is likewise at such times frequently to exercise the Company in all their Military Motions Skirmishings and False-firings in the pan He is to hold the Serjeants and Corporals strictly to their duty causing them to provide all things necessary for the Company and to be assistants unto him where he shall see cause He is to teach and instruct the Souldiers in the use of their Arms and sometime for their ease he may command every File-leader to draw forth his File and to shew them their postures By which means he shall do such good service to his Captain that when he shall exercise them himself he may find them more apter and readier to fulfil his Commands at which time the Lieutenant ought to be in the Reer and to see all things there truly executed according to the Captains commands He is in time of danger and great importance to advise with his Captain about the welfare of the Company for knowing
they turn their backs He is also to distribute to the Captains and other Officers such Orders as he shall receive from his Colonel or other Superior Officer In marching with the Regiment not alone but with the Army he must know from the General Martial or Major-General whether the Regiment be to march in the Van-guard Battail or Reer He ought to have some knowledge or information of the Country whether it be long or streight thereby judging how to order his marching so as he may not be disturbed by the enemies Horse or Artillery Being troubled with Baggage if there be any difficult passage he ought to be there present to prevent such disorders as may happen giving directions for their placing and marching as they may not be any hinderance to the Regiment putting them in order again before the Regiment shall enter into their Quarters at which time he may give license to the Captains and their Ensigns to take their lodgings excepting only those who are appointed for Guardians who must enter the Corps du guard and place their Sentinels until such time as they shall be relieved by others Now if a Regiment be to be quartered or lodged either in the Field or under shelter if in the Field he must cause it to be barracado'd or intrenched by the Waggons or other defences of the Field after which he is to place his Corps du guard round about the Quarters and the Sentinels at so near a distance that they may hear one the other speak being about 80 or 100 paces off from the Corps du guard being placed double a Pike and a Musket and five paces from them other single Sentinels are to be placed which are called Perdues And in case of Alarm the Sentinel Perdue shall retreat to the double Sentinel and in case of necessity all together having given fire are to retreat to the Corps du guard He must likewise at divers hours of the night visit the Corps du guard and if an Alarm be given in the Field he is to betake himself to the Alarm-place of the Regiment and there to form his Battalion and to send men to double the Guards on that part where the Alarm was given and to give notice thereof to his Colonel or other Superior Officer if they be present of what passeth The Ensigns ought not to retreat unless their Colonel or he give leave no Order at any time ought to be altered but by him in respect he giveth none but such as he receiveth from the Colonel It is his duty to speak for Ammunition as Powder Bullets Match and for Victuals if there shall be any want in the Regiment which provisions ought to be delivered unto him and he to see it equally distributed unto the Companies according unto the proportion given out And likewise he is to give Order what proportion or number of workmen or commanded men shall be drawn forth to work If under shelter then he is to view the place both within and without appointing the places for the Corps du guards and Sentinels and the way of the Rounders that it be free It will be expedient for him to chuse the Alarm-place whither the Companies upon the Alarum given are to repair being the Rendezvous for the whole Regiment being careful to place sufficient Guards both upon the Walls and about the Gates for their more security Which being ended he may give leave to the Captains to go to their Lodgings and several Quarters there to remain until they shall be called upon Duties for the due performance whereof he is to cause them to cast Lots whereby they may know what part of the Walls may fall to their turn He is to command the Captains to enter the Guards about ten or eleven a clock in the morning he is likewise to open and shut the Gates at the rising or setting of the Sun and to place the Watches upon the Walls presently upon the shutting of the Gates and to relieve them upon the opening thereof And as he doth receive his directions for marching imbattelling viewing of ground and placing of Guards from the Serjeant-Major-General or Serjeant-Major of that Brigade so he is to deliver them over to the Captains and Officers of that Regiment and to call upon them to whom it appertains to see them duly executed In the presence of his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel he is to be an assistant unto them in seeing all orders and directions duly performed and in their absence he hath the same authority and command as they He ought after he hath received the Word and Orders from the Serjeant-Major-General or Serjeant-Major of the Brigade he presently delivers them to his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel and afterwards to the Serjeants of every Company drawn in a Ring according to the Seniority of their Captains which are to come and attend upon him for the same In the absence of his Superiour Officers he giveth the Word himself every night he is to visit all the Guards of the Regiment commanding them duly to keep the turns of their Watches and Marches seeing that one Captains Company perform not more duty than another to the end that both the honour and labour may be equally divided among so he may exercise the whole Regiment being thereunto required by his Colonel or Lieut. Colonel in all their Distances Facings Doublings Wheelings and False firings or in their absence of himself he hath full power so to do To conclude he ought to be well grounded in all Military Affairs and to be both wise and valiant Of a Lieutenant-Colonel HE that is a Lieutenant-Colonel to a Regiment hath a very honourable place having power and command over all the Regiment in the absence of his Colonel and may also at such time exercise the Regiment in all the Military Motions and is to lead the Regiment upon the head thereof but when his Colonel is present he bringeth up the Reer if they march in one Division but if in two in some places he leadeth the second as his Colonel doth the first or if in three as formerly is shewen he commands the Van-guard the Colonel the Battail and the Major the Reer-guard His place is not of so great pains and toyl as the Majors is therefore he ought in the drawing up of the Regiment to be helpful and assisting unto him in that particular and in all others where he shall think fit To conclude the greatest affairs of the Regiment being carried forth by the Major there is the less remaining to be spoken concerning him but that he see all things duly observed throughout the Regiment according unto such orders received from those which are above him Of a Colonel IT concerneth every Colonel to take care that his Companies be full and compleat if it may be that they be well provided of Arms and to take cognizance what Exercises are continually performed by them communicating Orders and commanding all Officers of his Regiment what is
the Corporal with his Sword drawn shall approach with a Guard of Muskettiers who are to be all arm'd and appointed as the Sentinels ready to present whereupon the Corporal with one only Muskettier advancing and perceiving him to be the Captain of the Watch indeed is to give him the Word in his ear having respectively cast down the point of his Sword afterward receiving further instructions from him he conducts him to his furthest Sentinel But if it shall appear that he be not the Captain or the Corporal knowing him not justly to be so by a just suspition he may then detain him although he shal give him the Word and then he shall further demand the Word of some other attending him from whom having received it he may more safely permit them to pass but of all others whatsoever that shall attempt a passage he is to receive the Word from them and not deliver it to them The Captain himself having done the duty in person of passing the first Round upon his return he is to send forth others upon the like duty such as he shall out of his discretion chuse from his Main-guard and may most confide in to whom he is to impart the Word at their setting forth upon the duty and not before with strict admonitions and full instructions what they are to do and what way to take Now if he shall be supplyed with men enough upon his own Guard he may at the same time command out several Rounders to be taken several wayes who are diligently to observe their directions given them and to be very vigilant in the observation of all things in their passage both by the eye and the ear and to admonish the Sentinels in case of neglect that all things be more carefully lookt unto in their duty And of these Rounders likewise as before the foremost Sentinel demands Who goes there When being answered satisfactorily as by the name of the Round or Friends the permits them passage to the neerest Sentinel who having stopt them there takes a further accompt what and who they are Which is done by calling forth his Corporal who placing the point of his Sword at one of their brests takes the Word privatly and so passes them by conduct to the furthest Sentinel But if there shall happen a mistake in the Word the Corporal is either to secure them with himself or by Guard to transfer them to the Main-guard Such as shall walk the Round are to take a strict accompt of all they meet what and who they are and in case of deficiency of answering justly on the one side or suspition of the other they are to secure and guard them to the Captain of the Watch. Now setting aside those Queries which some do make between Rounders and Counter-Rounders if they meet who shall give or take the Word the best and safest course is for them all that before the Word be either given or taken they go together to the neerest Corps du Guard and there to give the Word after which they are to pass upon their duty again and so having finished the Round and returning to the Captain of the Watch he taketh accompt of them of the things that they have done and observed in their duty and course upon the Round and thus the Captain still supplies the Rounds successively by such others as he shall take by seniority and dispose off for the like service Furthermore that all disorders irregularities and such persons as shall cause the same in a Town or Garrison may be found out and rectified and that all dangerous accidents by fire or otherwise may be prevented the Captain of the Watch commandeth out a Guard of Firelocks or Muskettiers to view the Streets and all suspitious and irregular persons as they take they are to bring to the Main-Guard of this Guard which is always conducted by a Serjeant and is called the Patrouille and if they happen to be Muskettiers and not Firelocks then they are to be every one provided of such an instrument as may cover the lighted Matches and keep them from discovery From these also as from the Rounders the Captain of the Watch takes full accompt of all their passages and observations on their duty When at any time any sudden approach shall be made or any Enemy discovered the Sentinel who is to be firm constant to his Place and Posture till he shall be relieved forthwith by firing gives the Alarm and immediately seconds it by crying with a loud voice Arm Arm. When the Alarm is thus given the other two Divisions immediately led by their Officers are orderly to march up to the Captain of the Main-Guard to the intent that all Guards of the Garrison may with expedition be made good and it is necessary that these instructions be given them indeed by the Serjeant-Major when he shall give the Word to the Minor-Serjeants who must likewise inform their chief Officers of it and from them the Souldiers are to be charged and acquainted therewith that so upon all occasions they may not be ignorant of this part of their duty but ready to perform it The duty of a Sentinel is to stand in the Place and Posture a full hour and no more at which time the Corporal or in case of his absence his Lanspassadoe is to relieve him and not onely him but all the Sentinels that are out upon duty relieving the farthest Sentinel first who falls in the Reer of the rest and so all the others backward in the like Order and then conducts the relieved Sentinels back to the Guard again At an early hour of the morning appointed for beating up the Revally the two Sentinels next unto the Guard are to retreat into it At the time appointed in the morning for opening of the Gates the Serjeant-Major attended with a sufficient Guard repairs to the Governour or place elsewhere alotted and there receives the Keys which being done he is to unlock first that Gate which is most remote from danger of the Enemy and the rest in order answerable but if it happen to be in place and time of imminent danger the Major commandeth forth a party of Souldiers conducted by an able Officer to go first and make diligent search for discovering of Ambuscadoes which may happen to be in any close suspected places as Lanes By-ways Hedges ruinous Cottages Churches Pits or Hollow-trees Woods Gardens and all such-like inclosures at which time he openeth not the Main-ports but only the Wickets And except upon command to the contrary which is not usual both the Guards and the Watches at the Gates are to be kept night and day and all persons upon them to continue upon their duty until they shall be relieved by order Upon the discharging of the Watch to the end that every Officer and Souldier may have notice to make speedy repair to their several Guards each several Drum first beats a Troop and afterwards a March in the Main-guard
Hereupon it is to be supposed the Relievers are advanced toward the Main-Guard where the relieved are to be drawn off and to make a stand expecting till the Relievers shall come up which being done the relieved then are to troop homeward and after that they have attended and seen their Colours lodged they are to disband and not before And now further to satisfie the expectation of the Lovers of the Art Military it shall not seem unseasonable here to declare somewhat concerning the manner of Field-Watches or Vigils de Campe denoted unto us by the Expert and Ancients under these three Notions The first are Castra temporanea aleager ad placitum pitcht onely for the present and may perhaps alter and change it's Station in a day or an hour according to the pleasure and judgement of the General and Commanders in chief Secondly there are Castra a select or constant Camp so called because of their intentions of continuance in the besieging of a Castle or Town c. until they shall have taken the same or by some other necessity or further advantage forced to raise their Seige The third and last called Castra Such a Camp as is pitcht before or neer some Rivers side to oppose and frustrate the Incursions of the Enemy who otherwise might this way break in for the infesting or taking of a Country Now concerning such Watches or Guards which shall relate unto several Camps both in regard of the several and most convenient places for securing the Camps by Sentinels and Perdues they are to be primarily appointed and ordered according to the discretion command of the Masters of the Field whether Generals or Majors of Brigades afterwards the Serjeant-Majors Captains of Regiments according to their commands and relieved order are to design them for the aforesaid place To enlarge the several Arguments and Disputes that might further arise in-point of Field-duties relating thereunto would be too tedious and to little purpose in regard that whosoever shall but diligently observe what hath before been set down concerning the duty of Watches in Garrison and Fortresses may sufficiently be able to apprehend and perform all manner of Duties that shall concern this Field-service provided that he be careful to adhere to the directions of the Field-Officers in all points and diligent to observe the manner of managing of all things according to their instructions And therefore to avoid prolixity and fruitless disputes I refer the Reader to what hath been above related CHAP. XXV The ordering of a private Company unto a Funeral-occasion WHen any Commander or Souldier of worth shall be deceased a private Captain that would shew respect and honour by marching along with his Company attending the Corps to the place of burial must order his Souldiers after this manner They being summon'd by beat of the Drum to meet at their usual place of Rendezvous they may be drawn up according to the usual manner having a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard being thus ordered and each of the Souldiers having either in his Hat a black Feather or Ribbin the Captain may draw them off and order them to their Long-march moving them away in an orderly manner unto the place of him that is deceased and there make Alt. After which he may command the Muskettiers in the Van to open to the right and left outward to such convenient distance as the Pikes may move up between them and take possession of their first ground and those Muskettiers may face about and move down cleer of the Pikes and after close their Files inward to Order and face to their Leader Now being in two Divisions let them so continue with their Arms ordered until such time as they shall perceive the Corps to be brought forth into the Street then the Captain may face them all about and move them some three Pikes length before the Corps after which he may command his Muskettiers to perform their Funeral-Posture which is to have their Muskets under their left Arm with the But-end upward their Rests likewise on that side trailing After which the Pikes are to face again to their first Front and to lay the narrow end of their Pikes down upon the ground after facing about to the left and bringing up the But-end of their Pikes on their right side conforming themselves with the Muskettiers in their Funeral-Postures In the next place the Ensign strips his Colours off from the Staff and ties them about his right Wast putting a black Ribbon towards the very end of his Staff he after faceth to the Body of Pikes standing in the Reer of them and trailing his Staff in the same Posture Next followeth the Captain having in his hand a Half-pike or Leading-staff conforming himself likewise to his Funeral-Posture Thus being all ready to march and rightly faced toward that place where the Corps are to be interred are after this manner following to lead and to bring up The first Division of Muskettiers which was the Reer-guard is led by the Lieutenant the next Division of Muskettiers that was formerly the Van-guard is led by the second Serjeant the Body of Pikes is led by the eldest Serjeant he trailing a Half-pike upon the head of them the Ensign bringing it up and the Captain twelve foot short of him bringing up the Reer of the whole Company And after him the Ministers marching just before the Coffin in the Reer next unto it the neerest kindred and after them those that are invited to the Funeral Having thus stated the manner and order of the Military Part with all others belonging thereunto for any ordinary Funeral-occasion I shall in the next place proceed to shew their Order upon the March and how each Arms ought to be disposed before the Corps enter into the Church with the rest of the Train All persons being ordered as before expressed the Drums being covered with Black-bays and placed betwixt the second and third Ranks in each Division and all being ready to move the Drums may begin to beat their Funeral-March and the Lieutenant leading them away with the But-end of his Pattison upward and comported the rest following and marching in a leasurable and slow way along together until they come within a hundred foot of the Church-door or place where the Corps are to be interred there making Alt. After which let the Muskettiers in their Ranks File to the right and left not advancing ground and face in opposition making a Guard for the rest to pass through and resting their Muskets or putting the But-end thereof to the ground with the Barrel towards them which is a conformity to the Pikes being ordered In the mean time let the Pikes advance their Arms and immediately after move forward betwixt the Guard of Muskettiers and let their Ranks afterward file to the right and left making also a Guard their Pikes being ordered and they as the rest facing in opposition Then let the Captain who brings up the
Reer of all his whole Body move forward with the rest to the Church-door then falling off in respect of ordering his Company the rest of the Train Marching into the Church After which the Captain may cause them all to face to the Church or to their Leader he standing then before the Church-door commanding them to Rank again as they were After every Leader may draw off his File and set their Arms apart in each File by themselves and go in to hear part of the Sermon if there should be any such order before-hand from their Captain placing Sentinels to look to their Arms. And when Sermon is almost done they ought to go forth of the Church and draw forth the Files by some little warning of Drums to be in readiness to answer such directions as they shall receive from their Captain who may if he have conveniency of room draw all his Muskettiers into a Ring and the Pikes in like manner on the outside of them and as soon as the Souldiers have notice being all ready and presented that the Body is laid down in the grave they may upon warning of the Drum give one volley of shot all together and after make ready again performing the same twice over more After which the Ensign may put his Colours upon his Staff and furl them up then the Pikes may be drawn up again into one Body and the Muskettiers into another and falling in the Reer of the Pikes they may troop away And a little before the place of lodging the Colours they may make Alt and the Muskettiers may sleeve up by the outside of the Pikes from the Reer filing to the right and left making a Guard for the Colours and Pikes to march through them and being cleer and the Colours lodged they may face about again to the right and give another volley of shot but if there should be such a streight of ground that the Muskettiers cannot be drawn into a Ring then they must be otherwise disposed of by making them into two Ranks the one on the one side of the Street and the other on the other side facing them either in opposition or in an oblique manner if in opposition they must present very low and give fire three times all together as before with one volley after another if oblique the one Rank is to be faced towards the upper end of the Street and the other towards the lower end and so may fire with less danger to each other the Pikes to be filed away to the right and left behind the Muskettiers before they were thus faced And again where they have not length of ground to contrive the Muskettiers into two single Ranks they may fire all together as they stand at Order mounting up the Muzzles of their Muskets into the Air without offending each other Therefore according to the conveniency of the ground it must be the discretion of every Commander to order his men accordingly to perform his three volleys of shot in the most gracefullest way which being ended they may all return to their Quarters And thus much may suffice for satisfaction to any Commander in ordering his single Company to any Funeral-occasion marching along of it self CHAP. XXVI The ordering of a Regiment to a Funeral-occasion WHen Companies are to march in a Regimental-way care must be had that the Regiment be first drawn up according to this Rule The Pikes to be in one Body and the Muskettiers equally divided to flank that Body after which let the Major make his Divisions appointing the places of every Captain and Lieutenant where they shall lead and where they shall bring up After that they may move away towards the place or lodging of him that is to be interred and there make Alt opening the Van-guard or Muskettiers and facing them to the Reer then let the Body of Pikes and them interchange ground that the Pikes may march next the Hearse in manner as before exprest of a private Company whose smaller Bodies take Rule from the greater Then let the Lieutenant-Colonel lead the Regiment and the Colonel bring it up and so in like manner in every Division the Bringers-up are to lead and the Leaders to bring up All Officers and their Arms being thus reverst the Front becomes the Reer and the Reer the Front they must move slowly away and before the Corps pass into the Church there must be ground reserv'd that after the Muskettiers have first made a Guard the Pikes may move through them and may also in like manner file in their Ranks as the Muskettiers did joyning to them and making a Guard in like manner of each Arms. After which the whole Train may pass through in an orderly manner into the Church the Souldiers in the mean time attending without until Sermon be passed over And being all in a readiness they may give three several Peals or Volleys of shot according to such warnings as shall be given them After which the Souldiers being ranked again as they were if they have conveniency of ground the Major may cause the Captains to draw off their Companies and troop home to their several Quarters according to their best conveniency But if they have not room it will be most properest for the Major to command the Muskettiers to stand and first to rank the Pikes again as they were Then let the Drums beat a Troop upon the head of the Pikes in the Reer of the Colours and let the Ensigns and Pikes first troop away through the Guard of the Muskettiers who being cleer of them and being led by the Colonel and other Officers there appointed the Muskettiers may also rank again in like manner and fall in the Reer of the Pikes following them until they come unto a convenient place or ground for the Captains drawing off their Companies as they shall receive order from the Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel or Major And here I will conclude my Discourse concerning the Exercising of the Infantry in all their Military Motions and Exercises FINIS The Postures of the Musket to be performed without the Rest The Musket lying on the ground with Bandeliers and Match the first Word of Command will be Stand to your Arms. Take up your Bandeliers Put on your Bandeliers Take up your Match Place your Match Take up your Musket letting the Butt-end rest upon the Ground Rest your Musket in your left hand bringing the Butt-end to your right side Poyse your Musket Shoulder your Musket Unshoulder your Musket and Poyse Ballance your Musket in your left hand with the Barrel upwards Open your Pan. Clear your Pan. Prime your Pan. Shut your Pan. Cast off your loose Corns Blow off your loose Corns and bring about your Musket to your left side carrying the Barrel downwards Ballance your Musket in your left hand Find out your Charge Open your Charge Charge with Powder Draw forth your Scowring-stick Turn and shorten to an inch Charge with Bullet Put your Scowring-stick in
where he lodgeth When he commandeth in the Army in absence of the Lord General upon occasion of fight his place is in the Battle that he may the better give Order to all Usually he hath a Company to lodge with him to serve him as his Guard and six or more of his Company attending on him He should not resolve upon any enterprize unless he consider of all that might happen and propound to himself greater difficulties in the action then in reality there be and so prepare remedies surpassing the said difficulties it being a singular benefit to be able to foresee with good judgement those things which might succeed in the uncertain and variable accidents of War As Sertorius saith A good Commander should rather look behind him then before him II. Of the Lieutenant-General of Horse THe Charge of the Lieutenant-General of the Horse is of great importance and must therefore be supplied by a Souldier of known Experience and Valour careful and vigilant he must be he marcheth and lodgeth for the most part with the Cavalry he ought to be well versed in the ways of the Country that he may either meet or avoid his Enemy as occasion shall required He must be always busied about his Enemies motion considering with himself from what place they may shew themselves with what number whether Infantry or Cavalry in what time they may probably come upon him and where to place himself to advantage to prevent them He must be circumspect and wary in the choice of the place appointed for Quarters in preparing good Guards causing the High-ways to be cleared and by-ones discovered placing men on those places where he supposes the Enemy may make head sending forth Scouts continually and placing Sentinels omitting no diligence to secure the Quarter where the Cavalry findeth it self to be exposed to most danger especially if they be lodged without Infantry He must be sure to have Spies in and about his Enemies Quarters He must look that the Captains wrong not their Souldiers but that he see them well armed and kept in good Order and that they and his Officers observe good Orders and Discipline As he ought to be severe in punishing so he must be ready and willing to hear his Souldiers just complaints and relieve them He must not suffer any extortion to be used by himself or others by which the Country is ruined and the Souldiery hated for too great liberty of the Souldiers produceth bad effects He ought to be knowing in the command of the Infantry for upon occasion of sending a good part of the Cavalry to several places he hath the charge not only of the Horse but of the Foot also And in the absence of the General the Orders from the Lord General or Lord Marshal come to him and to him are all reports made of the occurrences of the Cavalry and Army He may suspend a Captain of his command upon just cause but cannot restore him again without order from the General who must first give notice thereof to the Lord General When he passeth the Quarters of Cavalry the Trumpets sound but not in the presence of the General or in his Quarters When the General of Horse commands the whole Army and therefore takes his place in the Battle the Lieutenant-General placeth himself in the Van-guard of the Cavalry where otherwise the General useth to be III. Of the Commissary-General HE ought to be a good and experienced Souldier for that in the absence of the Lieutenant-General he is to have the command He must reconcile Differences which at any time arise among the Souldiers as having most to do with the Souldiery He is to keep Lists of the Guards Convoys and other services and is to distribute the Orders Every evening he is to go and receive the Orders and the Word and having given it to the General and Lieutenant-General he is to give it to the Quartermaster-General for him farther to distribute He is upon all occasions of singular use and entrusted with the Execution of the Orders In appointing the places or lodgings in several Exploits he must be free from partiality and such as at one time have cause of discontent he must make them amends the next that so he may see it was of necessity not of partiality His place being of great importance ought therefore to be supplied by one knowing and experienced IV. Of the Quartermaster-General THe Office of the Quartermaster-General is to a appoint the Lodgings or Quarterings wherefore he must be well acquainted with the Countrey with the Towns and Villages about it not only by Maps which in some measure will inform him but by his own experience that he may the better know where to place the Corps-du-gards and Sentinels and visit them by day and night and order what ways to secure them and is to keep a List of all the Guards Convoys Cavalcadoes or exploits by Horse He must shew the Allarm-place to the particular Quarter-masters when they receive the Word of him in the Evening He must be very cautious in giving in his reports true and if any Order for haste be delivered him by mouth he must not trust it to others but must himself deliver it V. Of the Captain A Captain ought to be a man Sober Continent and modest in his Apparel aiming rather at good Arms and Horses then gorgeous Apparel to see his Souldiers punctual in their respective Duties and often calling them to exercise Let him be generous and not given to Gaming lest the Souldiers pay by that means be diminished which will overthrow his credit He is diligently to observe the Orders he receives and to be punctually ready with his Troop where appointed himself being first on Horsback seeing his Troop compleat and full before he march He ought to know every Souldier in his Troop by name that upon any Exploit he may draw forth such as he discerns most fit for the business he hath in agitation The Captains taking notice of a Souldier does very much animate and encourage him He must cherish his well-deserving Souldiers and cashier the idle and debauched Let him always have 2 or 3 of his Souldiers well skilled in the Countrey for they may serve him as Guides for that those of the adjacent Towns or Villages are not always to be had nor is it at all times safe to intrust them to these Souldiers he is to contribute something extraordinary besides their pay Out of his Troop he is to chuse his Lieutenant Cornet c. impartially by their merit and not for favour or affection by which he shall be beloved of his Souldiers and not be forced to alter his choice by the Generals Order In the absence of the Captain the Lieutenant commands the Troop VI. Of the Lieutenant THe Lieutenant of a Troop ought to be an experienced Souldier having attained thereunto by the experience he attained in being a Corporal and Cornet from which by desert he attained to be
have his Horse-head in ballance and at command then grasping the Pummel of the Saddle with his left hand and standing with his full body close to the Horse-side and just between the Bolster and Cantle of the Saddle always on the nere side of the Horse with the help of his right Hand he shall put the left Foot into the left Stirrup and with his right Hand taking fast hold on the highest part of the Cantle behind he shall by the help of both Hands gently but strongly and in an upright posture without inclining his body to either hand raise himself until he may stand perpendicular upon his left Foot and then casting over his right-leg place himself in the Saddle He being now mounted his Postures are as follow Command 2. Vncap your Pistols Direction Turn down the Caps of your Pistol-cases or Holsters with your right-hand Command 3. Draw your Pistol Direction Draw your Pistol out of the Case with your right-hand always the left Pistol first mounting the Muzzle of it Command 4. Order your Pistol Direction Sink your Pistol into your Bridle-hand and remove your right-hand towards the Muzzle and rest the But-end upon the right Thigh Command 5. Span your Pistol Direction Sink your Pistol into your bridle-hand and take your Spanner in your right-hand and put it upon the Axle-tree winding it about till it stick and return your Spanner to its place Command 6. Prime your Pistol Direction Holding your Pistol in your bridle-hand as when you Span'd it take your Priming-box in your right-hand pressing the Spring with your fore-finger to open the Box put Powder into the Pan. Command 7. Shut your Pan. Direction Press in the Pan-pin with your Thumb and shut it Command 8. Cast about your Pistol Direction With your bridle-hand cast about your Pistol and hold it on your left side with the Muzzle upwards Command 9. Gage your Flasque Direction Take your Flasque in your right-hand and with your fore-finger pull back the Spring then turn the mouth of the Flasque downwards and let go the Spring Command 10. Lade your Pistol Direction Press down the Spring which openeth the Flasque with your fore-finger and bringing the mouth thereof to the Muzzle of the Pistol turn the Powder into the Barrel Command 11. Draw your Rammer Direction Draw your Rammer with your right-hand turned and hold it with the head downwards Command 12. Lade with Bullet and ram home Direction Hold the Rammer-head in your right-hand and take the Bullet out of your mouth with your thumb and fore-finger and put it into the Muzzle of your Pistol and your Rammer after it and so ram home Command 13. Return your Rammer Direction Draw forth your Rammer with your right-hand and return it to its place Command 14. Pull down your Cock Direction Bring your Pistol towards your rightside with your bridle-hand and resting the But-end upon your thigh with your right-hand pull down the Cock. Command 15. Recover your Pistol Direction Take your Pistol into your right-hand and mount the Muzzle Command 16. Present and give Fire Direction Your Pistol being in your right-hand with your fore-finger upon the Tricker incline the Muzzle thereof towards your Mark with a fixed eye and by degrees on the right side of your Horse-head turning your right-hand so that the Pistols Lock may be upwards having obtained your Mark draw the Tricker and give Fire Command 17. Return your Pistol Direction Return your Pistol and with your right-hand put it into your Case Concerning the Snap-hans Pistol those Postures wherein it differeth from the Fire-lock Pistol are these Command 18. Bend your Cock Direction Hold your Pistol in your Bridle-hand and with your right hand bend your Cock Command 19. Guard your Cock Direction Pull down the Back-lock with your right hand it will secure the Cock from going off Command 20. Order your Hammer Direction Draw down the Hammer upon the Pan with your right hand Command 21. Free your Cock Direction Thrust back the Back-lock with your right thumb thereby to give the Cock liberty For the more easie and speeding lading of the Pistol for the gaining of time and avoiding the carrying of either Flask or Touch-box there is an invention of a Spanner or Key which contains six Charges of Powder at the least and priming-Powder sufficient for those Charges and for the Cartouches wherewith the Pistol-cases be furnished which the Cuirassier will find to be of very good use The Cartouches are made of white Paper cut into convenient breadth and length and rowled upon the Rammer or other small round stick the edge being passed down and the Rammer drawn out one end of the Paper is to be doubled in to keep the Powder from falling out these Cartouches are to be made so big as to fill neerly the bore of the Pistol and of length to contain as much Powder as the Pistol requires for a Charge When the Powder is in tie it with thred and then put in the Bullet also tying that also these the Souldier may make at spare hours and have them always by him When he uses his Cartouches he must bite off the Paper at the head of it and so put it into the Barrel of the Pistol with the Bullet upwards and then ram it home these being beforehand prepared it will much expedite the work of lading his Pistol The Cuirassier being well mounted and throughly exercised in his Postures the next thing he should apply himself unto is to be a good Marksman to attain which he must be frequently shooting at Marks on Horsback having such set upon a Tree some higher and some lower The Cuirassier being armed Pistol-proof he must not give fire but at a very neer distance being careful to make his Bullet do execution the principal place of advantage to aim at is the lower part of the belly of his Enemy his arm-pits or his neck Some are of opinion that it is not fitting for a Cuirassier to give fire till he have his Pistol under his Adversaries Armor or against some unarmed place and if he miss of an opportunity of hitting the man he may aim at the head or brest of his Horse He is commonly to give the charge upon a Trot and seldome galloppeth but upon a pursuit Having spent both his Pistols and having no opportunity to load again he must then betake himself to the last refuge his Sword placing the Pummel of it upon his right thigh and with his right hand to direct the point thereof by his eye raising it higher or lower as ocsion serveth aiming at his Enemies Neck Arm-pits Eye or about the Pummel of the Saddle at his Belly c. but being past his Enemy he is to make a back-blow at him aiming to cut the buckle of his Poldron thereby disarming one of his Arms c. Of Exercising the Harquebusier and Carbine NOtwithstanding there be some difference between the Harquebusier and Carbine in their Horse their Arming and their Piece
and the outside within of that sloapness that the Souldiers may without much difficulty go up and down but without sloaping so little that they may not be scaled by the Enemy yet so much that the foundation may be strong But this I shall omit for the present my design not being to write here all necessary to be known in this Art but only so much as might enable the Ingenious Souldier to be able to fortifie any place in the absence or want of an Enginier Some Principles of the GUNNERS-ART Containing so much thereof as is absolutely necessary for a compleat Souldier to be acquainted with and in case of necessity to put in practice HE that will be a compleat Cannonier must have knowledge and skill in the Sciences Mathematical especially in Arithmetick and some part of Geometry he must be able to Multiply Divide and work the Golden Rule both Direct and Retrograde either in whole Numbers or Fractions or both He must be ready at the Extracting of the Square and Cube Roots two of the chief hinges upon which many Questions in Gunnery do depend His skill in Geometry must be so much as to take all manner of Heights Depths and Distances either accessible or inaccessible with many other the like Qualifications But it was not intended to make an absolute or entire Treatise of this Mysterious Art of Gunnery in this place but to give the curious and he that desires to be an accomplished Souldier such satisfaction therein that in the absence of the Cannoneer or Gunner either by sickness lameness or by being taken away by death the expert Souldier may take upon him the Command of his Artillery to his own Commendations and for the Honour of the General under whose Command such Souldier is In order whereunto I have laid down such Rules and Directions that the Souldier may safely and commendably attempt the management of any Piece of great Artillery against his Enemy First I have given you the names of the several Pieces of Great Artillery now in use Secondly Their Diameters Weights both of Powder and Shot their Heights and Quantity of Powder each of them spendeth every Shot Thirdly The proportion of the Carriage to the Gun and all other its appurtenances Fourthly How to Load his Piece with judgment and safety Fifthly How to Disport his Piece Sixthly To discharge his Piece Seventhly To amend his second Shot his first being defective Eightly To shoot at his Enemies Quarters in the Night-season and also as they pass by in the Day With other Warlike Stratagems And lastly I have declared the making and use of the two Destroying and Invincible Engines of Fire the Granado and Petard The perusal and practice whereof I leave unto the ingenious Souldier Bidding him heartily Farewel The names of such Pieces of Artillery as are now most in use TO mention the names of Pieces of Artillery particularly relating to several Countreys would be almost endless they often changing and giving new names to Pieces upon the least alteration thereof from some other very neer thereunto It shall suffice therefore to make mention in this place only of such as are in use with us and our neighbouring Nations and they are chiefly these Whole Cannon Demi-Cannon Largest Ordinary Culvering Largest Ordinary Least size Demi-Culvering Largest Ordinary Least size Saker Large Ordinary Least Minion Large Ordinary Faulcon Faulconet Rabant Base These are the Pieces which are now most in use either for Land or Sea-service the Dimensions and Weight both of the Pieces themselves and the appurtenances to them belonging this following Table doth plainly declare The Names of the Pieces Diamet at the bore in parts Weight of the Piece Length of the Piece feet in Height of the Shot in parts Weight of the Shot lib. oun Weight of Powder lib. oun Length of the Ladle in parts Breadth of the Ladle in parts Cannon 8 0 8000 12 0 7 ½ 58 0 32 8 24 0 â—4 ¾ Demi-Cannon Largest Ordinary 6 ¾ 6000 12 0 6 â… 36 0 18 0 22 ¾ 12 0 6 ½ 5600 10 6 6 â…™ 32 0 17 8 22 0 12 0 Culvering Largest Ordinary Least size 5 ½ 4800 10 armor 5 ¼ 20 0 12 8 16 0 10 0 5 ¼ 4500 12 0 5 0 17 5 11 6 15 0 9 ½ 5 0 4000 12 0 4 ¾ 15 ferâ— 10 0 14 ¼ 9 0 Demi-Culvering Largest Ordinary Least size 4 ¾ 3000 12 or 13 4 ½ 12 11 8 8 13 ½ 8 ½ 4 ½ 2700 10 0 4 ¼ 10 10½ 7 4 12 ¾ 8 0 4 ¼ 2000 9 or 10 4 0 9 0 6 4 12 0 8 0 Saker Largest Ordinary Least 4 0 1800 9 or 10 3 ¾ 7 5 5 0 11 0 7 ¼ 3 ¾ 1500 9 0 3 ½ 6 0 4 0 10 ½ 6 ¾ 3 ½ 1400 8 0 3 ¼ 4 2 3 6 9 ¾ 6 ½ Minion Large Ordinary 3 ¼ 1000 8 0 3 0 3 2 3 4 9 0 5 0 3 0 750 7 0 2â…ž 3 4 2 8 8 ½ 5 0 Faulcon 2 ¾ 750 7 0 2 â… 2 8 2 4 8 ¼ 4 ½ Faulconet 2 ¼ 400 6 0 2 â…› 1 5 1 4 7 ½ 0 4 Rabana 1 ½ 300 5 6 1 â…œ 0 8 0 12 4 ¼ 2 ½ Base 1 ¼ 200 4 6 1 â…› 0 5 0 8 4 0 2 0 Having described unto you the Names of all such Pieces of Artillery as are now in use together with the Quantity of each their Diameters at their Bore in feet and inches as also their several Weights their Lengths the Heights and Weights of their Shots the Quantity of Powder they spend at each Shot c. I shall now proceed to give you the Names and terms of Art belonging to the several parts of any Piece of Ordnance and also of the Proportion that every Carriage ought to have to the Piece he beareth The Ichnographical Description and Names belonging to the several parts of a Cannon or other Piece of Artillery WHereas in the following Discourse there is continual mention made of the several parts of a Piece which cannot well be defined nor rendred easie without the Figure thereof represented in Plano in order whereunto I have drawn the Figure following representing the Ichnography of a Piece and to the several parts thereof I have set several letters of the Alphabet directing to the same by which at one view all will be visible A B Represents the Diameter of the Bore of the Piece which is sometimes called The Diameter of the Concave Cylinder sometimes the Diameter of the Muzzle c. C D The Neck and C the Freese of the Piece E F The Cornice Ring G H The Re-inforced Ring I and K The two Trunnious upon which the Piece resteth when it is laid in his Carriage L M The Chamber of the Piece which is so much of the Concave Cylinder as contains the Powder and Shot N The Base Ring and also the Touch-hole which must fall just at the end of the Concave Cylinder or Bore of the Piece