had the managing of public affaires or allso those who for som notable exploits or worthy act don in the service of the Republic are at sundry times and upon speciall occasions admitted thereunto who for the most part have bin of the chief and noblest Familys or som other place subject to the Signorie or some others to whom by speciall grace and favour this title of Nobility hath bin given wherein neverthelesse they have carried themselfs very sparingly it being granted but to Lords of great Estates and in this maner were the Families of Este Gonzaga and Farneses with som other of the chiefest of Italy admitted therunto Henry King of Poland after the third of that Name of France being at Venice among other honors receavd the title of a Venetian Gentleman and he seemd to be highly pleasd with the dignity as appeerd by his presents Moreover all those that descend from such as receave this degree have the same preheminence as their Parents in such a tract of time But to the end it may be continually maintaind in it's perfection they do curiously search out the Predigrees of those who are to enter into the great Councell not only the Nobility of the Father but likewise whether they be born of lawfull Matrimony and of no Comon Woman but of some honorable degree and condition whereof a Register is kept by one of the chief Magistrates termd the Avogario of the Republic The chief orders of Knight-hood in the Venetian Republic are first those of S. Mark begun in the yeer 1330. and reviv'd Anno 1562. They are to be of the noblest sort of Patricians the second is of the glorious Virgin instituted by Bartholomeo of Vicenza and is more ancient then the other for it was instituted Anno 1222. their charge is to protect Widowes and Orphans and to defend the peace of Italy It was approvd by Pope Urban the fourth Anno 1262. The Armes are a purple Crosse between certain Stars a white Robe over a russet Cloak but the Generall Armes are Gules two Keyes in Saltier or stringed Azure The Motto which the Knights of S. Mark carry is Pax tibi Marce Evangelista Ther are under the Dominions of Venice two Patriarks and thirty fower Archbishops and Bishops Now it will not be amisse to speak somthing of the Military strength of this Republic by Land and Sea touching Navall power she hath more Gallies and Galeasses than all Europe besides and her security depends more upon the Sea than shore yet she entertaines in constant pay by Land 25000 Foot in Lombardy besides som of the Cantons of Swisserland and the Grisons in Dalmatia and Istria she hath about 3000 more She hath allso in perpetuall pay 600 men of Armes whereof every one must keep two Horses a peece for which they are allowd 120 Duckets a yeer and they are for the most part Gentlemen of Lombardy When she hath any extraordinary expedition to make she hath a Stranger for her Generall and many Soverain Princes have thought it no disparagement to serve her in this kind but he is supervizd by two Proveditors without whom he cannot attempt any thing Touching the annuall Revenues of the Republic of Venice they exceed any other State in Christendome and all Kings except Spain and France for She hath above foure Millions of constant incomes every yeer she hath out of Brescia her self and her Precincts 100450 Crowns of annuall Revenue Out of Padua 140000. out of Verana 90000. Out of Vicenza 36000. Out of Bergamo 60000. Out of Friuli 30000. Out of Marca Trevisana 90000. Out of Dalmatia 10000. Out of the Cittie of Venice herself above 600000 Crowns of annuall incomes besides what she hath from the Greek Islands that are under her Dominions In times of pressing Emergences she hath divers wayes to make Levies for the security and advantage of the Signorie Among others she hath bin forc'd to make sale of Offices and admit young Gentlemen into the great Councell before their time By this way she hath got many Millions from time to time for preservation of her Maydenhead and supplies of urgent necessities but this cours is used with a reservation alwayes that Merit must concur with Money so that it is not the highest bidder that carries it Oftentimes in case of danger she makes the Gentry and Cittizens that enjoy any stable possessions under the Republic to advance the Rents for so many yeers She makes allso some of her Magistrats serve her gratis and without salary for a time She allso makes frequent use of Lotteries to serve her turn And the Church useth to contribut very largely yet they never exact any thing of the Ecclesiasticks without acquainting the Pope which is only pro formâ But the War ceasing these extraordinary Levies cease allso with the cause and all things return exactly to be in statu quo priùs which hath often happend and this makes the peeple contribute more cheerfully because she is alwayes very carefull to keep her Public Faith with her Subjects inviolable I will conclude this particular Description of the so much admired Cittie of Venice with one observation more viz. That ther are few places where ther are more curious and costly Books for the illiterat vulgar for so the Romanists term Church Images and Sculptures whereof ther are great nombers à la Mosaica and made by the famous Titiano a Venetian born one of the most remarquable is that of the Virgin Maries at Saint Marks Church where those who desire to know whether a friend absent be living or dead use to set up a Wax Candle in the open Aire before the Picture and if the party be living the Candle doth quietly burn out be the wind never so high if he be dead the least puff blowes it out according to their belief Ther is also on Saint Marks Walls among divers others the Picture of two Cocks carring away a Wolfe which represents Lodovico Sforza the Duke of Milan and the Cocks denote Lewis the twelf and Charles the eighth Kings of France who outed him of his Duchy Ther are allso two Emblematicall Lions one meagre and leane lying on the Land The other plump and fat sporting in the Water the last refers to S. Marks Lion the Armes of Venice who hath both enrichd and defended her self more by the Sea than by Land for whereas som Citties of Italy are said to be walld with Fire meaning Flint Venice may more truly be sayd to be walld with Water It is the Water wherin she lies like a Swannes nest that doth both fence and feed Her to which purpose she hath many thousands of Wooden Horses perpetually bringing her provisions and carrying her Inhabitants up and down within and about the Citty But a horse of flesh were as strange a thing to be seen there as an Elephant upon London streets Therfore it were as absurd an impertinency to prefer a Farrier to Venice as it was in him who wold have prefer'd
busines of himself without the adjunction of other Senators nor can he leave the Cittie or marry any forrener without the knowledg and consent of the Senat Insomuch that we read of Duke Falerio that was putt to death for marrying a Stranger without the suffrage of the Senat In fine this high politicall Magistrat hath only the presence of a Soverain Prince but nothing of the power In the old records of Venice the reasons are yet extant which inducd the Republic to elect this formall Prince for her Head wherof these are the remarkablest We have observd that in this vast Universitie of the World bodies according to their severall natures have multiplicity of motions yet they receave vertu and vigor but from one which is the Sun All causes derive their originalls from one supreme cause We see that in one Creture ther are many differing members and faculties who have various functions yet they are all guided by one soul c. The Duke for his Salary hath 100. Zecchins which coin wants above twelvepence of ten shillings English brought him every Wensday to his Palace Among all these restraints which keep him from trenching upon the Common Liberty and doing injustice ther is another and that a shrewd one which is that Lex repetundarum may be executed upon his Heir after his death for there is a Iunta appointed to make a scrutiny of the actions of the deceased Duke and if any can prove he was wrongd by him he shall have reparation out of the Heirs estate Of the Venetian Senat. THe Senat consists of 120. grave men wherof ther are threescore calld Ordinary Senators and threescore of the Junta they are calld all together the Pregadi because being taken for wise men they are prayed to be assisting the Commonwealth with their Counsells The sixty ordinary are created yeerly by the suffrages of the great Councell in the months of August and September observing this order that at every meeting six be chosen of the sayed Senators untill the whole nomber be compleated The other sixty Senators of the Junta are ascribd unto these other sixty but there is one caution observd that ther may be but two of a kinred chosen among these sixty but the other allow three of a kinred To these 120. Senators are adjoind the Duke and Decemvirs with other Orders the 40. Judges of Capitall Causes the Provosts of Salt and Corn the Sages of health the Prefect of the Arsenal and Proctors of Saint Mark with other Magistrats and these in effect have the management of the whole Republic They treat of peace and warr their power extends to lay taxes to make extraordinary levies and erogations of moneys They make choice of Ambassadors to be employd to forren Princes they have power allso to summon the Sages of Land and Sea with all the chief Magistrats Of the Decemvirs and their Colledg THe Colledg of Decemvirs is composd of 17. Senators ten of these are chosen by the great Councell and are in Ordinary having this priviledg that he who is in that Magistracy may not procure in two yeers that any mention be made of him in other meetings and conventions Of these evry month three Senators are chosen to be of the quorum these are the chief of the Colledg are commonly calld Capi di dieci the Heads of ten and have power to summon the Decemvirall Colledg and referr matters unto it They have a privat Conclave where they daylie meet having Oâ—…icers of sundry sorts to attend them They read the Letters addressd to the Decemvirat Colledg and make relation unto them of the substance therof and ther must be two of them which must do it To these Decemvirs is adjoind the Duke in chief and six Councellors whose peculiar priviledg is to be chosen out of the six Precincts or Sextaries of the Citty this order observd that three be chosen this side of the Rialto and three on the other They are to be assistant to the Duke eight months with Him they are to take care of all things that concern the Wellfare of the Republic and Citty It is sufficient that fower of them subscribe all public Orders Touching matters of moment they are to make relation to the great Councell The Prince therfore with the Decemvirs and six sayed Councellors do constitut the Decemvirat Colledg which is the supremest authority and hath a kind of Dictatorian power They are to take care that no discord or any public quarrells happen which may disturb the peace of the Citty and draw after them any insurrection They are to have an eye that no factious or fantastic Cittizen introduce any dangerous innovation That no counterfeit coyn be stamped or brought in That Sodomy and all other flagitious crimes be enquird after which they have inappealable power to punish Of the Colledg of Sages or Preconsultors THis Colledg consists of 16. Senators which are of the chiefest Cittizens and they are calld Savii or Sages because they are presumd to antecell others both in dignity and experience These use to preconsult of generall matters tending to the administration of the Commonwealth as allso of peace and warr with other the most important affairs and make relation therof to the Senat. This Colledg is divided to three Orders the first containes 6. Senators which are calld Savii grandi the great Sages who consult of all things touching the honor of the Republic in generall specially of Sea matters and other requisitts reflecting upon peace or warr and make reports of their Consultations to the Senat. The second Order consists of 5. Cittizens or Gentlemen of Venice commonly calld Savii de terra firma the Sages of the Continent who allthough they have the like authority to make report of matters to the Senat yet are they much inferior to the former in dignity and trust Their chiefest duty is to have care of the Militia by Land and of salaries of such soldiers that are entertaind by the Republic whether Forreners or Natives The third degree consists of 5. Cittizens or Gentlemen of Venice who are commonly young men primae lâ—…nuginis of the first shaving of the razor as they say but learned and well versd in the Sciences which are inferior to the other two and make report of all Sea businesses to the Senat and these are calld Savii de gli ordini and they are culld out of the choicest Witts to be made capable for future employments To this Colledg of Sages or Preconsultors are adjoind the Prince the six Councellors the Triumvirs of the forty who preside over Criminall Causes So that the whole Colledg may be sayed to consist of 26. Senators or Cittizens of the Patrician Order The maner of the convention of this Colledg is thus the Prince sitts in the middle mounted upon a high Seat and about him those Councellors who were chosen out of the six Precincts of the Cittie three on the right and three on the left hand and after
that rule the other Preconsultors sit But the young men of the third degree use to sit lower Their office is that evry Sunday and Festivall day they meet in the Ducall Palace to hear privat complaints at such an hower and to releeve them presently or else to referr them to Delegats or make a report to the Senat according to the merit of the cause They hear all Letters read by the Secretary of State that were sent to the Senat. They are allso to hear forren Ambassadors and Agents It is to be observd that these Preconsultors continue in authority but 6. months Forren Agents affaires and privat complaints being heard they retire to another room to consult of public busines observing this Order Ther is a President chosen evry week who proposeth to the rest what is to be agitated and he asketh their opinion severally The eldest delivers his opinion and so evry one according to seniority but the young are silent unlesse it be about som naval busines The last of all having collected the opinion of the rest delivers his suffrage The matter being thus canvasd and discussd pro con with much deliberation they make an addresse to the Prince and Councellors who joyn again in the debate That opinion to which the Prince and the Councellors shall adhere unto is couchd in writing Then the whole Senat convenes before whom that which was debated by the Preconsultors is first handled with their opinions and if more then one half of the Senat give their suffrage therunto passeth for a Decree Of the public Scribes and of the great Chancelor IN evry Colledg of Senators ther be public Scribes which are of the Senats Councell and are held to be of the best rank of men and of highest integrity they are elected by the public suffrage of the Decemvirs and sitt allwayes in the Councell their duty is To be ever present at the consultations of the Colledg and Senat in passing all Decrees The registring of all transactions and the engrossing of all instruments whether for public or privat respect is committed to their care and trust to which purpose they have large Salaries allowd them Some of these are Ministers only to the Decemvirs to register all their Acts being privy to all things that are transacted in that Colledg in which honor they remain during life Of these one is chosen by the solemn suffrage of the great Councell who is chiefest of all and is calld by the title of il Gran Cancellier which Officer is held in singular esteem and honor He is dignified with the Order of Knighthood evry Patrician and Senator gives him the place except the Proctors of Saint Mark no secrecy of State must he conceald from him He hath a great revenu out of the public stock And at his Exequies ther is allwayes a funerall Oration which honor is don to no other but to the Prince Of the Great Councell THe great Councell consists of an universall meeting of all the Cittizens and the whole Republic may be sayed to depend upon it but it is composd of such Cittizens that are of the Patrician Order only wherof som being passd twenty yeers of age are admitted to sit in Councell by extraordinary favor provided that the Advocat Magistrat give testimony that they are descended of a Noble or Patrician familie Besides ther must attestation be made that they are legitimat and no bastards thre must be proof allso made by oth that they are passd twenty yeers of age but they are chosen by lotts and though peradventure fortune favour them not then yet after they are passd 25. they are capable by birth of this public honor and to sitt in Councell with the provisos pointed at before The office of the Great Councell is to ordain and ratifie all Lawes and Constitutions appertaining to the Republic they allso make choice of all Magistrats as well in Townes as Countreys and of any other Officer to whom any public trust or civill incumbency is comitted Of Officers or Magistrats in generall ALL Magistrats are either Urban or Forren viz. of Town or Countrey to them of the Townes belongs the cognizance of all causes as well criminall as civill to them belongs the administration and erogation of all public sommes that arise into the Tresury either out of public tolls and imposts or other extraordinary taxes and leavies of moneys To them it belongs to consult what may be added to the wellfare honor or bewtie of the Cittie Forren Magistrats as they call them are those that obey and put in execution all the Decrees of the Senat in the Countreys up and down as allso all comands by Sea in Fleets and Armies All these Magistrats are but temporary and have a time limited them the Urbane or Citty Magistrats some of them continue in office 6. months others 8. months others are annuall But the Forren or Countrey Officers are commonly twice so long in an office but the Maritime Officers som are bienniall som trienniall and som quinquenniall of 5. yeers continuance Of Iudges AMong the Urbane or Cittie Magistrats the Judges are rankd and they have the cognizance of all capitall or civill causes and they are calld either Iudges of the first Instance or Iudges of appeal The Judges primae instantiae are divided into many Tribunalls On the first Tribunall sit the Iudices proprietatum Judges of Proprieties who determin all sutes touching Lands or Houses within the precincts of the Cittie to them allso belongs all Widdowes cases On the second Tribunall sitt the Iudices procuratorum These if any controversy arise touching Lands on the Continent or Minors and Pupills right have power to determin it On the third Tribunall sitt the Iudices Mercatorum the Judges or Consulls of Marchants who determin all controversies belonging to trafic and marchandizing who must be formerly well versd in the practicall part and mystery of comerce On the fourth Tribunall sitt the Iudices Advenarum the Judges of Strangers before whom all matters and differences touching forreners are brought and decided On the fifth Tribunall sitt the Iudices Petitionum Judges of Petitions who determin all controversies touching privat bargains stipulations and contracts On the sixth Tribunall sitt Iudices Mobilium the Judges of Moveables before whom causes of lesser importance are pleaded On the seventh Tribunall sitt the Judges whom in the vulgar language they call Cattaveri which is a much as to say Inquisition of truth These if any thing be found hid or lost and if any controversy arise about it have power to determin it On the eighth Tribunall sitt Iudices publici commonly calld Piovegi who if any man raise a building that may impede the common passage or the channells of the Cittie are to prevent it and punish the Offendor On the ninth Tribunall sitt certain Judges calld Sopragastaldi These sell the goods of condemnd persons under a Speare and decide all matters belonging to the Lombards as pawnings and
heat 'twixt Venice and Ferrara Malateste was Generall to the Republic who did many notable exploits and brought the Ferrarois to a very low ebb at which time Pope Sixtus enjoyn'd the Venetians to lay down their arms by his Nuncio But the Senat answer'd somewhat roundly that the Republic was so far from entertaining this war without his Holines consent as they did it at first by his instigation that as then so now they did prefer peace not only before warr but before victory so it were seasonably sought and not on such conditions as might make their lenity to be interpreted indiscretion that they were confident his Holinesse actions had no privat ends but such as imported the common good of Christendome only in this it was notorious to the whole world that he dealt more subtilly then sincerely that for twenty years wherein both by Land and Sea they had bin singled out by dreadfull Ottoman none of the Princes of Italy contributed one drop of bloud towards the quenching of this neighbour flame but seem'd deaf to all sollicitations and same to all assistance But in this privat cause of Ferrara those who shrank back from the public quarrell could all bandy together not as if they wold arbitrat but enforce a peace that they humbly desir'd his Holinesse to ponder this businesse temperatly which others did passionatly and to let his own understanding advise him whither it more concern'd him to favour the Venetians or the Ferrarois as for them they were resolv'd to prosecut that war which by his advice they had undertaken hoping the successe wold prove as happy as the cause was just and honorable This was the substance of the Venetians Answer whereat the Pope was so incens'd that he excomunicated the Doge and the Senat having leagu'd himself with Frederick and Alfonso Duke of Calabria who came with two thousand men for succour of Ferrara among whom were four hundred Turks which he brought from Otrauto but they a while after ran away to the Venetians which though it was some advantage unto them yet they had an ill-favour'd disaster in the City at that time for the Dukes Palace was half burnt down The Republic having many potent enemies banded against Her by the instigation of the Pope employ'd Ambassadors to the French Army and Germane Princes with others to have a Generall Councell call'd wherin it might be lawfull to complain of the Pope or any other Herupon a while after Pope Sixtus apprehending some fears a Treaty was set on foot for a peace which was quickly concluded The Venetians a little before had taken Gallipoli in Calabria and though they lost neither honour or territory during this warr yet in lesse than two years it cost the Republic nere upon three millions MARCO BARBADICO succeeded next in whose time a trade was begun with Portugall to which purpose the Republic sent an Ambassador expresly to Lisbon Anno Dom. 1485. When this Duke was upon his death-bed there came a great Ambassador from Bajazet the Turkish Emperor with rich presents unto him but he enjoy'd them little He was buried with greater solemnitie than ordinary and the ceremonies which were us'd then continue constant to this day at the interment of Venetian Doges which is thus After the Duke is dead he is unbowell'd his body embalm'd and laid under a Canopie of gold with his gilt sword and spurres revers'd he is publiquely kept in the palace for three whole dayes then all the Companies in the City which are as many as ther be Trades do with their banners in solemn order go before the body after them followeth the Clergy next to them the mourners who are in great multitudes in sad funestous manner last of all come the Senat cloth'd in scarlet and purple to demonstrat that the City which is free doth never in mourning habit follow the Exequies of any Prince how vertuous soever In this manner and habit so soon as the body is brought into the Church they sit round about it whilst the memory of the deceased Prince is recommended to the peeple in a funerall Oration from thence the Senators returning to the Palace do publish the first Assembly for the creation of a new Duke AUGUSTIN BARBADICO brother to the defunct and Procurator of S. Mark succeeded most of the Princes of Germany bandy against Venice who met them about Trent where Sanseverino her gallant Generall the best soldier of those times was utterly routed and drown'd About this time there was a Fleet sent for the garding of Cyprus for divers aim'd at that dainty Iland therfore Georaio Cornari was sent thither by the Senat to induce the widdow Queen his sister adopted daughter to Venice to remit the government to the Senat retire to Venice to live among her kindred in contentment ease honor The Queen wonder'd at her brothers Proposition saying that she wold not for a world part with so sweet a Kingdom and that the Senat might be satisfied to have it after her death her brother replied with this charming subtill Oration Intreating her not to make more account of Cyprus than of her own dear Countrey because that worldly affairs being variable and inconstant it might in short space com to passe that she might be expuls'd it being so thought on already by divers potent Lords and her self envied by many of her Subjects who disdain'd to be govern'd by a woman therefore one only means was left her to prevent all these mischiefs which was seeing she had no children to transmit the Government of the Realm to the Venetian State now in her life time he added further that the Republic was well contented she shold rule as long as the times were quiet and free â—…from suspitions But now when all her Neighbours wait for an occasion and lay snares to surprize Her the Senat hath thought this onely remedy most expedient but if she fear'd not these dangers he be sought her to consider what she was likely to have fallen into the yeer before for had not the Republic rescued her with their Gallies she had bin in danger to have bin carried Captive to Constantinople It is good to foresee that which som odd accident or small errour may hurl us into and to prevent it fortune is blind and volable nor can we ever prevent our enemies designs nor can our friends be alwaies ready to help us when we want them there is a great distance by Land and a great Sea 'twixt the Adriatic Gulph and Cyprus This Madam you ought to remember and timely consider that though nothing enforc'd you thereunto yet what greater honor or more lasting glory can you leave behind you then to have bequeathâ—…d to your own Countrey so florishing a Kingdome and that Venice was augmented by a child of her own you shall still be a Queen and truly if the â—…ase were mine I shold desire rather to see my greatnesse with such safety in Cyprus out of
Captain associated by the Prince of Parma Venieri was flank'd by the Admiral of Savoy commanded by Lieni accompanied by the Prince of Urbin Astâ—…n the Generall Colonna and Venieri were back'd by a Gally nam'd the Prince of Spain and another belonging to the great Comendador of Castile the right side of the main battail opposit to the wing was strengthen'd by the Admirall Gally of Malta commanded by the Prior of Messina the left side was commanded by a Gally call'd the Captain of Pietro Lomelino by Paulo Vrsino in the right wing Cardona seconded Andrea Doria in the left wing Augustin Barbarico was supported on one hand by Marco Quirini and on the other by Canali Yet was the whole Fleet though distinct in order so intermixt in Nation that neither the Spanish Venetian or Papall Gallies could respect their particular safety In regard that this was the most furious greatest fight that ever was upon salt water and the most successefull that ever Christians had against the Turk I shall be the more exact and punctuall in the relation of it therfore I shall here set down a Catalog of the names of all Bottoms and chief Commanders in both the Fleets The Gallies and Captains who went before the Fleet for dicsovery were these Gallies Captains 1 The S. Magdalen of Venice Marco Contarini 2 The Sun of Venice Vincente Quirini 3 The Admirall of Sicily Juan de Cordona 4 The Vice-Admirall of Sicily  5 The Admirall David Imperiali 6 The Joannica of Sicily  7 S. Catheina of Venice Marco Cicogna 8 The Lady of Venice Pietro Francisco Maripietro The Gallies and Captains of the left wing Gallies Captains The Admirall of Venice Augustin Barbarico Proveditor The Vice-Admirall of Venice Antonio Canali Proveditor The Fortune of Venice Andrea Barbarico The Archer of Naples Martino Pyrola The Treble-hand of Venice Georgio Barbarico The Double-Dolphin of Candie Francisco Zeno. The Lion and Phaenix of Canea Francisco Mengano S. Nichola of Cherso Colanes Drase The Victory of Naples Octavio Roccardi The Lomelina Augustin Conevali The Elengina of the Popes Fabio Vulciati The Lady of Canea Philippo Polani The Sea-horse of Candy Antonio de Cubelli The Double-Lion of Candy Nicholo Fratello The Lion of Istria Dominico de Tucco The Crosse of Cephalonia Marco Cimera The S. Virginia of Cephalonia Christophoro Crissa The Lion of Candy Francisco Bonaccio The Christ of Candy Andrea Cornelio The Angell of Candy Giovanni Angelo The Pyramis of Candy Francisco Buono The L. of Candy with arm'd horse Antonio Eudominiano The Christ rais'd of Venice Simone Gora The Lesser Christ of Venice Frederico Renieri The Christ of Corfu Christophoro Condocollo The Christ rais'd of Canea Georgio Calerga The great Christ of Venice Bart. Denato The Christ rais'd of Vegia  The Retimana Nicholo Avonali Gallies Captains The Christ of Candy Giovanni Cornelio The Christ rais'd again of Rhodes Francisco Zancaruolo The Rodus of Canea Francisco Molino The S. Euphemia of Brescia Horatio Fisogna The La. Marquis of Doria Francisco Sphedra The Fortune of Andrew Lodovico Belui The Arm of Canea Michael Visamano The Sea-horse of Venice Antonio Canali The Christ of Canea Daniel Calefattio The Arm of Venice Nicolo Lipamanno Our Lady of Zant Nicolo Modono The Christ rais'd again Francisco Zancaruolo Our Lady of Venice Marc Antonio Pisano The Trinity Gio. Contareni The Flame of Naples Juan Cuetta The S. John of Naples Garcia Vargaro The Envy of Naples Torribio Acaveso The Valour of Naples Michael Quixada The S. Jocaba of Naples Monferrato Guardiola The S. Nicolaico of Naples Christophoro Monguia The Christ rais'd again of Venice Gio Bautista Quirini The Angell of Venice Umphredo Justiniano The S. Dorothy of Venice Paolo Mani The Admirall of Venice Antonio Quirini Proveditor In the main Battail were these Captains and Gallies Gallies Captains The Admirall of Lomelina Jordano Orsino The Master Lomelina Pietro Lomelino The Admirall Bandmella Bandinello Saulo The Master of Genoa Pollerano The Toscuno of the Popes Metello Caracciola The Sea-man of Vicenza Gia. Dressano Our Lady of Venice Gio. Zeno. The S. Jeronimo of Lessina Gio. Babzi The Joannica of Venice Antonio Collioneo The Alexandrica of Bergamo Georgio D'este The Admirall Marina Jeronimo Canali The Logg of Venice Berticaio Contareni The Mongabell of Venice Francisco Dandulo The Virgin of Candy Cypriano Marini The Temperance of Doria Vicenzo Paschali The good Fortune of Naples  The Castle of Spain Baccia Pisano Gallies Captains The Victory of the Popes  The Pyramis Antonio Uliana The Christ of Venice Jeromino Contareni The S. Francesco of Spain Christophoro Guasches The Peace of the Popes Perpignano The Pearl of Doria Gio. Spinola The Wheel of Venice Gabriel Canali The Pyramis of Venice Francisco Buono The Palm of Venice Jeromnico Venieri The Admirall of Gil Andruda Cinoguerra The Granado of Spain Puolo Botenio The Admirall of Genoa Hector Spinola The Admirall of Venice Sebastian Venieri The Gally Royall Don John of Austria The Admirall of the great Comendador  The Popes Admirall Anto. Colonna The Admirall of Savoy Lieni The Griâ—…onia of the Popes Alexandri Negroni The S. Theodora of Venice Theodoro Balbi The Mendoza of Naples Martino de Cayde The Mount of Canca Vizamano The Gio. Bautista of Venice Gio. Mocenigo The Victory of Doria Ph. Doria The Pisana of the Popes Hercole Lotta The Figuera of Spain Diego Lopes The Christ of Venice Georgio Pisano The S. John of Venice Daniele Moro. The Florence of the Popes Tomaso de Medici The George of Naples Eugenio de Vargus The Master of Naples Francisco Benavides The Moon of Spain Emanuel Aguilar The Passata of Venice pietro Pisano The Lion of Venice Ludovico Pasqualio The S. Jerom of Venice Gasparo Maripietro The Admirall of Grimaldi Georgio Grimaldi The Master of Da. Imperiali Nicolo Lucano The S. Christopher of Venice Alexandro Contareni The Judith of Zant Marino Sicuro The Larmelina of Candy Pietro Gradonico The middle Moon of Venice Valerio Valerosso The Doria of John Doria Gia. Casali The Order of S. Peter Santabio The Order of S. John Lod. Tessera The Admirall of Malta The Prior of Messina The right Wing Gallies Captains The Admirall of Sicily Don Juan de Cordona The Piemontan of Savoy Octavio Moreto The Admirall of Mic. Doria Pandolpho Polydoro The Force of Venice Reniere Zeno. The Queen of Candy Gio. Barbarico The Nino of Venice Polani The Christ rais'd again of Venice Benedict Soranza The armed man of Retima Andrea Calergo The Eagle of Retima Andrea Calergo The Palm of Canea Ja. Medio The Angell of Corfu Stellio Carciopula The S. Joannica of Arbera Gio. de Domeni The Lady of Fravica Lod. Cipico The Ship of Venice Antonio Pasqualio The Lady of Candy Foscarini The Christ of Crema Francisco Forneri The S. Vittoria of Crema Zorlano The Master of Grimaldi Lorenzo Treccia The Master of Marini Antonio Cornili The Margaret of Savoy
Uluzzali King of Algier with an Admirall Gally The Battail of Succours Amurat Bragat in an Admirall of Constantinople Caram Casli Hassam Rais. These were Captains of Foists also Abdula Rais. Aligau Assan Cus Ali. Ginzel Ali. Curtat Celebin Deli Bey Saudagi Memy These were Foists also Dardagno Reis had an Admirall of Constantinople Deli Dorni he had a Gally Cuidar Memy Governour of Sio Shetagi Osman Haeder Delius Heder Armat Merney Susan Reis Giafer Bey Cabil Sinam Amurat Reis Sariogi Grafer Mor Ali. All Foists Piali Murat he had a small Gally Caragiali Rais. Murat Alias Jumez Alias Bostagi Murat Foists Assan Sinan a Gally of Constantinople Deli Sulmian was in an Admirall of Constantinople So that the nomber of all Bottomes came to 270. Vessels All things thus dispos'd of Ali Bassa richly cloath'd andarm'd after the Turkish manner thus spake in the Poop of his Gally to the Captaines and Commanders ther assembled to receave direction Most heroick Captains and invincible Ianizars the scourge of the Christian and right hand of the Ottoman Empire we have hertofore taken pains to fetch ourslaves but now our enemies have brought them us despairing of their successe by Land they are come to try the same fate in another Element as if ther were any important difference to burn on shore and drown at Sea they have changed place but not spirit the same effeminacy which they had in other parts they have transported hither constant only in their vices and vanities magnanimity and the effect therof brave honor are not more hereditary and inherent in us then cowardize and servility in them we much exceed them in nomber but more in weight of ability We were soldiers when children they children now they are men what are their soldiers but Players Minstrells and Tumblers a multitude of unghelt Eunuchs what is their Generall but a youth fitter to lead a Mask then an Army what are both but the remainder of this years victory wherof Cyprus was the late rich earnest neither can they so soon forget to yeeld as we to overcom therfore be confident brave fellows in arms that not resolution but their destiny hath brought them bither Italy is the Gate of Christendom and Venice the key of Italy this Fleet is that Barre which if you can either break or put back all flies open before you and we shall go beyond Caesar in the West or Alexander in the East making the rising and setting Sun the confines of the Turkish Empire Go on then let us fill the Sea with their bodies our Gallies with their Wealth our selfs with the honor and glory of both The Christians having in all respects provided for so great an attempt as far as human wisdom and strength could extend considering this Fleet to be their Ark and God himself interested in the controversie ceased not with importunat but most humble invocations to implore the aid of heaven which by their Confessors was confidently promis'd them Their devotions concluded and each battail facing each other the charge was given by a Canon from Ali the Turkish Admirall and answer'd by one from each wing with obstreperous clamours after their custom which they think awakens the courage of the soldier with amazement and terror to the enemy they quickly make towards the Christian Fleet who in a differing manner made Trumpets Drums Fifes and other such Martiall music the delightfull Prolog to a more dreadfull Scene Venieri back'd his Gally with two other of Giovanni Lâ—…redano and Catarinâ—… Malipietro Colonna did the like with two other and now being within distance of their Ordnance the Turks passing by the Galeasses were inexpectedly torn by their great shot which brake forth on all sides like thunder and lightning out of some black cloud they being high and close fearfully spoil'd the naked Turks and Rowers making that breach at which the Christian Fleet entred for it disordred them so that they had no time to recollect themselfs in which confusion desperatly passing the Galeasses they ran upon a sharper point of danger for the wind resisting the swiftnesse of their approach stayed and set them up as dead marks to the Christian Ordnance which had more certain aim at them lying still then in motion and course besides it did benight them with smoak augmenting the terror of those invibcile mischiefs which they felt but could not see either to shun or revenge the hideous noise of som commanding others answering the cracks of Gallies falling foul of each other terrified both the Turk who suffer'd and the Christian which heard it victory appearing to them in a dreadfull countenance in som Gallies the Officers slain the Slaves brake loose and like Lions slaughter'd their Keepers in others the powder taking fire casually seem'd to rebell against them besides shooting them up for Sacrifices to that Christ whom they blasphemed here men falling over board wanted Gallies here Gallies emptied of their companions wanted men and floated like dead bodies without souls which Mehemet Syrock now finding himself a truer Prophet then he desired observing withdrew himself from the body of the Fleet thinking to circumvent the Christian left wing betwixt whom and Siroch Augustin Barbarico oppos'd his Squadron wherwith he shut up the passage the easier because of a promontory call'd Michangali which extended it self that way Maâ—…no Câ—…tarint resolv'd to be a sharer with his Oncle Barbarico both in honor and danger and so follow'd and united himself to that Squadron betwixt whom a most cruentous fight pass'd on both sides the Tuâ—…h left wing commanded by Vluzzali and confronting our right was very nere to have joyn'd with Doria who considering himself inferior in nomber of Gallies he having but fifty his enemy ninety 〈◊〉 it not Vluzzali balancing with the Christian his own odds of strength was contented likewise to abstain Doria after some suspence stood out to Seaward with certain of his Gallies a mile from the remainder in the mean time Don Iohn Colonna and Venieri the the confederat Admiralls in exact order incountred the middle battail of the enemy exchanging at the approach divers volleys of great shot with much disadvantage to the Turks the Christian Vessells being snug and stooping from the Ordnance of the Turks higher Gallies and many of their peeces choak'd with Christians bullets casually shot into their mouths and ther sticking which difficulties bred rather fury then despair in them and induced them by violence of oars to make hast to grapple that ther fighting hand to hand the difference might be decided by pure Man-hood therfore now being nearer swarmes of arrows and small shot interchangeably stung both sides with artificiall fires reciprocally lightning ev'ry where at last death and wounds drest variously were the entertainment of that visitation whence sprung such a deluge of bloud that the Gulph of Lepanto might have bin call'd the Red Sea for the time Now Stroch perceaving himself not onely frustrated the interposition of Barbaricos Squadron
any sort subject to the secular Jurisdiction or he who foundeth a Church were worthy of so rude a chastisement as if he had committed som great Crime moreover that in the moneth of May last the Senat having regard to another Law made in the year 1536. wherby was prohibited the perpetuall alienation of Lay-mens possessions within the City and Signory of Venice to Ecclesiasticall persons without permission of the Senat under certain penalties instead of revoking that Law as their duty requir'd they had renew'd it and extended the penalty to all their Dominions as if it were lawfull for temporal Princes to ordain any thing for the exercising of any Jurisdiction or to dispose in any sort without the Ecclesiastics and particularly of the Pope of the goods of the Church specially of such goods as have bin given to the Church of persons spirituall and other places of devotion granted by the faithfull for remedy of their sins and discharge of their consciences That these Ordinances tending to the damnation of souls to public scandalls and also contrary to the Ecclesiasticall Liberty were of themselfs void and of no validity as furthermore he declar'd them to be such no man being oblig'd to observe them on the contrary that they who had made the Statutes or any like or they who had further'd them had incurr'd the Churches Censures and depriv'd themselfs of all such possessions as they held of the Church as also their estates and demains were subject to other penalties in such sort that they could not be absolv'd unlesse they revok'd all such Laws and re-establish'd all things in their former estate That therupon being plac'd in the Soveraign Throne and not being able to dissemble or indure these things he admonish'd the Republic to consider well the danger wherinto they had cast their souls upon this occasion and to seek remedy betimes otherwise in case of contumacy he commanded under pain of Excommunication latae sententiae that the afore sayed Lawes ancient and modern shold be abrogated That this Monitory shold be publish'd in all places throughout the Republic expecting from them an account herof if not upon notice had from his Nuntio he wold proceed to execution of the Penalties and to such other remedies that were meet remembring the reckoning that he was to give to God at the day of Judgment and that he could not in duty dissemble when the Authority of the See Apostolic was diminish'd Ecclesiasticall Liberty trod under foot the Holy Canons neglected the right of the Church and Clergy violated Of all which the charge lay upon him affirming that he was not induc'd hereunto for any worldly consideration for he desir'd nothing els but the glory to acquit himself of his Apostolicall function and as he intended not to usurp anything upon the secular Authority so he wold not permit the Ecclesiastic shold be diminish'd he concluded that if the Republic wold conform they wold deliver him from much pain which he endur'd in their behalf and they might still retain the Lands which they held of the Church That the best means wherby she might prevent the incommodities that might fall upon her from Infidells were to conserve the Church-men in their rights who watch in perpetuall prayers to God for her conservation The Senat with much maturity ponder'd these Breves and therupon sent to confer with their learnedst Counsellors in the Civill Lawes amongst whom they admitted Paul of Venice of the Order of the Servites an eminent Divine and Canonist with other Padouan Doctors to consult what answer they shold return the Pope The Republic also sent to consult other Doctors themost renowned of Europe for sound knowledge as Henry the VIII of England had don touching the legality of a divorce with Katherine of Aragon Having receav'd the judgments of the learnedst men in France and Spain specially of Giacomo Monochio President of Milan a man much cried up in those daies for learning the Senat fram'd the Answer to the Popes Monitory as followeth That with much grief and wonder they understood by the Letters of his Holines that their Laws observ'd carefully through so many Ages and never question'd by any of his Predecessors the revokement wherof wold shake the very Foundations of the Republic were reprehended as contrary to the See Apostolic and that they which made them having bin persons eminent for merit and well deserving of that See who are now in heaven were noted for Violaters of Ecclesiastic Liberty that according to the admonition of his Holines they had examined with much exactnesse their Laws Old and New but had not found anything which a Soveraign Prince might not have well ordain'd without any just offence to the Popes Authority it being a thing evidently belonging to a secular Prince to have regard what Companies are erected in hâ—…s Dominions as also to prevent the building of such Edifices as in time to com might be hurtfull to the public safety and though their State abounds with Churches and places of piety as much as any other yet when they saw it convenient they never refus'd to permit new Foundations themselfs contributing liberally therunto That in the Law against perpetuall alienation of lay goods unto Ecclesiastics the question being of things purely temporall they could not be tax'd to have don any thing contrary to the Canons or Decrees That if the Popes have power to forbid the Clergy to alienat any goods of the Church unto persons secular without leave Princes may do the same and take Order that the goods of seculars shall not be alienated to the Clergy without permission nor do the Ecclesiastics lose any thing bequeath'd unto them herby seeing they receave a price answerable in value to the immoveable adjoyning that it tends to the great prejudice not only of the temporall State but also of the spirituall to weaken the Forces of the Republic which by such alienations is depriv'd of necessary services and which in effect is a vangard or fortresse for all Christendom against Infidels That for these reasons the Senat could not perswade themselfs to have incurr'd any Censures since secular Princes have by Divine Law from which no human Law may derogat a power to establish Laws in things temporall as also that the admonitions of his Holines have here no place wher the question is not of any thing spirituall or any way trenching upon the Papâ—…ll Authority much lesse yet could they beleeve that his Holines so ful of Piety and Religion wold persist without knowledge of the cause in his Comminations This was the substance of the Senat 's Answer remitting themselfs further to their Ambassador extraordinary Ther happen'd a businesse in Savoy about this time which might have scatr'd the Venetian being much of the same nature for Pope Paul hahaving notice that the Duke of Savoy had commanded the Bishop of Fossano to depart out of his Dominions the Pope being incens'd therat did so menace the Duke with Excommunication
sayed Ambassadors gave a solemn visit to the Venetian Ambassadors and communicated unto them what they had don with the Pope in the transaction of affairs The publication of this Interdict being flown to Venice it was order'd by the Senat that ev'ry one shold have recours to his prayers it was resolv'd upon to recall the Ambassador Extraordinary from Rome to testifie the resentment they had of the wrong but to leave the Leger Ambassador ther still to prevent an absolut rupture It was also determin'd to write to Gregorio Iustiniano then Ambassador in England that he shold inform the King herof Sir Henry Wootton Ambassador at that time in Venice complain'd that the Senat had communicated these things to other Forren Ministers before him but for the pretensions of the Pope he sayed he could not understand that Roman Theology c. Ther was public command given to all Prelats and Ecclesiasticall persons that they shold not publish or cause and suffer to be publish'd or affix'd in any place whatsoever any Bulls Monitories Breves or other writings which shold be sent unto them from Rome furthermore Proclamation was made under pain of incurring the displeasure of the Prince that whosoever had any copy of a certain Breve divulg'd at Rome touching the Republic he shold bring it to the Magistrats at Venice or to Governers of Castles and other Officers of the State Hereupon all peeple did so cheerfully obey this command that 't was a marvailous thing to see how many had bin imprinted and scatter'd neither was any one of them affix'd in any place by reason of the generall diligence of the peeple Duodo the Ambassador Extraordinary at Rome having receav'd order for his revocation went to take his leave of Pope Paul telling him that since his Holines wold not take into consideration the reasons by him represented and having no more to say or act he was recall'd the Pope answer'd with more mildnesse than ordinary That touching the difference he had don nothing but what his conscience and duty oblig'd him to do that the case was cleer and decided that in the whole order of his proceedings he had follow'd the example of his Predecessors that his weapons in this quarrell were spirituall the use wherof accorded well with that fatherly love which he had ever born to the Signory requiring only such obedience as the greatest Princes render him The Popes Nuntio at Venice after thâ—…s Interdict was observ'd to frequent the Colledg of the Iesuits wher were Possevino and Bernardin Castorio men eminently known the first had don great things in Moscovia the other had bin provinciall of the Jesuits when they were expell'd out of Lions with divers others of note The sayed Nuntio came som daies after to the Senat wher first shewing a resentment of what had pass'd he sayed that they ought not to proceed towards his Holines with such a repugnance that the Pope was mov'd by pure zeal and that yet if they yeelded a little all things might be accommoded to which effect he desir'd that his Serenity wold think upon a temperament that for his part he was not most ready to present and favour it The Duke answer'd that none of sound understanding could approve that a Republic so pious and Catholic shold be vex'd in such a fashion and that the actions of the Pope could not be justified that he had publish'd a Monitory which ev'ry one held injust without scruple that he fell upon so weighty a resolution without weighing before hand how the world is govern'd that his Holines could not have don an act more perillous to cast the Apostolic See upon the censure and hatred of all peeple and into a manifest danger that if the Republic shold think upon a separation it wold be follow'd with an irreparable losse but though the Republic wold not depart from her piety yet wold she defend her self that for his particular meaning the Nuntio he did well to perswade peace but he shold turn his speech to the Pope who troubled it Eight daies after the Nuntio had Audience again wherin speaking much of the Popes prudence he shew'd a displeasure that he saw no appearance of a temperament concluding That the Senat shold take heed lest while they desir'd to support a particular Law they might draw on themselfs universall ruine wherunto the Duke answer'd That he ought not to speak of prudence in the Pope who had us'd so much precipitation and that he shold do well to set before his eyes the imminent danger which may follow herupon and tell him that these Councells came from a man old in affairs of State as well as years The Pope hearing of the Proclamation against his Monitory how the pulse of the Venetians did beat who shew'd themselfs so obedient to the Senat and so forward to uphold their liberty he thought his Nuntio could not stay in Venice any longer with his honor therfore he sent him Letters of revocation and dismis'd from Rome Nani the Republiques Ambassador charging him expresly not to leave behind him any of his company yet he desir'd to see him before he went provided if he came unto him in quality of a privat man Nani made answer that he could not tell how to separat from his person the title of Ambassador so he left Rome being well accompanied out of Town with Roman Barons and gentlemen but with few Prelats The next morning the Pope sent after him a Colonell to accompany him throughout the State of the Church who o'retook him at Gorligno In Venice the Duke had caus'd a Manifesto to be publish'd and affix'd at ev'ry door That wheras he had receav'd advice of a publication made at Rome of a certain Breve fulminated against the Senat and Signory he being oblig'd to have a care of the public tranquillity and of the Authority of a Soveraign Prince did protest before God and all the world that he had not omitted any means possible to make the Pope capable of the most clear and strong reasons that were produc'd in behalf of the Republic but having found his ears shut and seen the Breve publish'd against reason and justice against the Doctrines of Holy Scriptures of the Fathers and Canons in prejudice of the secular Authority given by God and of the liberty of the State with the trouble of the repose of his Subjects and to the great scandall of all the world he did pronounce that Breve not only injust but meerly void and null and so unlawfull that he need not repute it needfull to have recours to such remedies as in other occasions the Republic and many Soveraign Princes have us'd against such Popes as out-pass'd their power exhorting and injoying that the Prelats continu in their accustomed courâ—… in celebration of Divine Service the Republic being resolv'd to persever in the Holy Catholic Faith and in the reverence of the Roman Church as they have done from the beginning Upon this
shold come to Arms he prayed his Serenity to consider that though Philosophie tells us the Sun warms these inferior bodies without heat in it self yet in human things it is not so but he that wold heat in his favour must first be hot himself The Senat determin'd to signifie unto all Princes the Declaration of the King of great Britain wherin he call'd God to witnesse ' That his resolution to defend the cause of the Republic had no other end but the service of God and to conserve the Liberty which God gave to all Princes not for any ill will that he carried to the Pope nor was he mov'd by the particular interest of the Republic but only so far because he knew She defended a cause most just and acceptable to God which the more he considered in his mind so much the more was he confirm'd in Her protection and defence not finding any the least shadow of reason to relinquish Her That he had already taken this resolution and wold sustain it suddenly That he wold not do as the Spaniard who by a Letter had fill'd the Popes spirit with vanity to carry him into a precipice but that he wold execut with courage and sincerity what he had promis'd he consider'd also as a thing of great consequence that the Pope prepar'd himself for warr and had to this effect erected that new Congregation of men disaffected to the Signory and all dependents of Spain herunto he added that he wold be as ready to perform his promise as to publish his Declaration and wold besides procure som good offices from his brother the King of Denmark and other Princes of Germany his Allies The Kings of France and England appearing so earnestly in this businesse the Emperour also did contribut his intercession the Grand Duke of Florence likewise stir'd in it yet nothing could be concluded to any purpose Therfore the Spaniard begins to arm in the Duchy of Milan to which end the Count de Fuentes had particular Commission The Republic having intelligence herof it did not stand with Her wonted prudence and circumspection to stand idle wherfore to meet with all occasions that might occurr She sent to Padoua Verona Crema Bergamo and Brescia five hundred thousand Crowns one hundred thousand for each City to prepare themselfs for all exigents Unto the old nine thousand six hundred Footmen and six hundred Horse To the one hundred fifty Albanian Horse She added six hundred Italian Foot and one thousand Albanians more under Paolo Ghini Order also was given to Count Francis Maâ—…tinengo to levy in the Confines four thousand French soldiers and six hundred Cuirasses which She caus'd to be arm'd To the three great Gallies was adjoyn'd one other and to the thirty eight light Gallies they sent five more in the Iles of the Levant and twelve more newly arm'd at Venice In Candy also were arm'd twenty Gallies Nicolaâ—… Sagredo Proveditor general by his prudence dexterity which was singular in managing of Martial affairs wrought in such sort that all this was don at the expence of privat gentlemen so that ther were in all seventy five light Gallies four great ones got together Divers of the French Nobility made profer of their service to the Republic and the great Turk seem'd to importune her to accept of his assistance She utterly refus'd the last and wav'd the first The rumor of these preparations fill'd ev'ry corner of Christendome therfore the Kings and Princes who were already engag'd in quality of Mediators 'twixt the Pope and the Republic stir'd more nimbly in the businesse specially the French who to accelerat things and do them with greater countenance employed to that end the Cardinall de Ioyeuse in a splendid Embassie both to Rome and Venice In Spain the Duke of Lerma complain'd to the English Ambassadour for the proser of such assistance that his King had made to the Republic which had put her to stand higher a tiptoe against the Holy Father and impeded the Treaty for She wold not shew Her self so obstinat against him if She were not so much incouraged by his King because from France She could expect but words or peradventure som troops hired with her own silver The Treaty began now to be poursued with som heat and the Cardinal de Ioyeuse carried himself with such address that he overcame all difficulties and brought both parties to a conformity but the Republic wold by no means part with her Laws or revoke Her Decrees formerly mention'd touching Ecclesiastics and Her Ban against the Jesuits She only deliver'd the foresayed Count and Canon to the French Ambassadors hands who deliver'd them afterwards to the Nuntio so the quarrel ended the thunder câ—…as'd which had made such a noise and cut the Princes of Christendom so much work to do herupon Letters of thanks were written to the Kings of France and Spain but specially to the King of great Britain for his propensity and good intentions towards the Republic The Cardinall Ioyeuse had a present of 6000. Crowns value and Don Francisco de Castro had another of 3000. who had bin sent from the King of Spain expressely to compose these differences which charge in his first Speech before the Duke Senat he sayed that he had willingundertaken both in obedience to his Catholic Majesty and for the particular affection he did bear unto so illustrious a Signory hoping easily to conclude a peace betwixt the Holy Father and his Serenity specially seeing he shold not meet with those three impediments that usually render all Treaties difficult which are first the passion or extraordinary affection of him in whose name men treat or of him who treateth secondly the inconvenience of the matter treated and thirdly the incapacity or want of good will in the person with whom the treaty is For touching the first it was certain that the King his Master was well-affected and had no other aims but the common good That the greatnesse of the Republic was advantagious unto him as being the Bullwark of Christendome against the power of the Turk and for his own person he protested that he was not com to use deceit or subtilty being Noble by birth and therfore oblig'd to tell truth above all things Touching the second the point of treaty was for peace a thing excellent in its own nature and for an union with the See Apostolic a thing very profitable to the Republic all stories being full of the mutuall good offices which they have ever rendred one to the other as on the contrary their disunion must needs be pernicious to the Republic for if their cause were injust it wold incense all Princes against them and though it were reasonable yet was it not fit therfore to forget what reverence men shold owe to the Soveraign Bishop Touching the third That the Treaty was with a Senat of great prudence lovers of peace enemies of novelty who had bin Authors alwaies of
Senat that none of what quality soever not excepting the Duke himself shold for the future intercede for their re-admission nor were the â—…est of the Ecclesiastiques much sorry for their banishment for it is observ'd that a kind of strangenesse and aversion appears betwixt other Church-men and reclus'd Orders and this new Society since their first establishment bâ—…t meer reason of State induc'd the Venetians to shake them off because they professe a stricter tie of obedience or slavery rather to another Prince which is the Pope to whom they do transmit and make a kind of resignation of their bodies and minds they are to acknowledge him tanquam Christum praesentem Scripturam loquentem as appears by Loyola's Letter to the Fathers of Portugal wherin among other passages he writes thus We easily indure to be out-done by other Orders in fastings watchings and other hardnesses which they use in a holy manner according to their Institution but in purity and perfection of obedience I earnestly desire that we shold surpasse all the rest with a true resignation of our own will to the Holy Father and a deniall of our own judgment This Vow looks full upon another Power that under which they live viz. the Pope to whom they commit both soul and body and to be no more their own not to beleeve their own sense judgment or understanding but to transfer all and to submit themselfs totally to him to go com do say execut upon all and against all whatsoever he shall command according to the form of their Vow which is not improper to insert here and runs as followeth As many as shall make profession in this Society let them not only know before they make it but remember as long as they live that all this Society in generall and more particularly those that are profess'd in it serve God under a faithfull obedience to the most Holy Father the Pope and although we be taught by the Gospell and do know by the Orthodox Faith and firmly hold that all the faithfull people of Christ are subject to the Pope of Rome as to the Head and Vicar of Jesus Christ yet notwithstanding for the greater devotion to the obedience of the See Apostolic and the greater deniall of our own wills and the more certain direction of the Holy Ghost we have judg'd that it wold be very commodious that ev'ry one of us and ev'ry one that shall herafter follow the same profession besides the common tie of the three ordinary Vows be bound herunto by a more speciall Vow to wit that whatsoever the present Pope and all others herafter for the time being shall command for the good of souls and the propagation of the Faith or into what Countrey soever they shall please to send us that we be bound to perform their pleasure immediatly without any tergiversation or excuse for as much as lies in our power whether they be aminded to send us against the Turks or other Infidells whatsoever yea though it be even unto those that are call'd Indians among Heretics and Scismatics whosoever they be or among Christians and to the end that no ambition or refusall may take place amongst us by occasion of these deputations and elections of Provinces let ev'ry one know that he need not trouble himself about it nor take thought for it in as much as all the care therof must be left to God and the Pope as his Vicar and to the Generall of the Society Besides this generall astringing Vow reflecting upon spirituall matters and missions they have other Tenets which are pernicious and destructive to the temporall Jurisdiction of the Prince as Emanuel Sa who was accounted one of the chiefest Oracles of that Order hath it in his book entitled Aphorismi Confessartorum wherin after that he had studied the point forty years as he professeth in his preface he doth assert That the rebellion of a Clergie-man against the King is no Treason because he is no subject of his They have another Tenet that subesse Romano Pontifici est de necessitate salutis viz. That to be subordinate to the Bishop of Rome is of the necessity of Salvation besides they hold that an error in points of Faith is no other thing then an opinion held against the Papall Decision but the most dangerous of all is That the Pope can dispence with Subjects from their Alleageance to their Prince though lawfull and naturall For these and other politicall considerations the wise Venetian did rid himself of the Jesuit fearing that in a short time this subtile Society might prove to be Respublica in Republica nor since that day wold any intercede or stir for their re-admission till this year 1650. that the King of Polands brother being of that Order hath made an Overture of Introduction in their behalf with a profer of three hundred thousand Crowns which businesse is now in agitation Add herunto that the Jesuits being commonly Inciteâ—…s to warr and Paedagogs of Arms as they call them they could not sute with the disposition of the Venetian Republic who hath bin observ'd from her cradle to be more inclin'd to peace then war therfore doth she give the shield for her Arms which is the embleme of defence not of offence and assaults ANTONIO MEMMO was created next to LEONARDO DONATO Duke of Venice who govern'd the Republic about three years GIOVANNI BEMBO came after in the beginning of whose principality the old Controversie was reviv'd 'twixt the Arch-dukes of Austria and the Republic touching their Confines wherupon the Vscocchi did much infest the Seas so that the war grew hot with the Arch-Duke Ferdinand the Venetians march'd into Friuli with a considerable Army and seizing upon som Towns upon the Frontiers beleager Gradisca ravaging the Countrey up and down Moscaniza afterwards was taken by the Venetians the siege of Gradisca being quitted much hurt was given and taken in Croatia Istria and Dalmatia and the Territories of Friuli but afterwards the Venetian Army was disbanded by reason of the raging of the plague the Castles of Lucmi and Zâ—…mini were taken by the Venetian but Arch-Duke Ferdinand having got to be King of Boheme a Treaty of Peace was set on foot by the interposition of the Kings of Spain and France but so many difficulties occur'd in the businesse that no accord could take place therupon divers Traverses of Hostility pass'd between them afterwards then a Truce was agreed upon which brought with it a-little after a firme peace upon the conclusion of which peace Duke BEMâ—…O finish'd also his cours in this world NICOLAO DONATO being nere upon fourscore years of Age was elected Duke by the Senat the people not liking this choice som sparkles of sedition began to appear which by the sagacity of the Senators were quickly quench'd This Duke liv'd but one moneth and a day he was us'd to be much carried away with predictions and to tamper with Astrologers wherof one having pried