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yet_o for_o the_o trumpet_n i_o can_v say_v that_o all_o the_o grecian_n hold_v themselves_o precise_o unto_o it_o lytâ—rgo_n plutarch_n much_o commend_v the_o lacedaemonian_a manner_n of_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n and_o write_v it_o be_v in_o this_o sort_n when_o the_o king_n have_v offer_v the_o goat_n that_o be_v the_o lacedaemonian_a sacrifice_n when_o they_o be_v to_o give_v battle_n he_o straight_o command_v all_o the_o army_n to_o crown_v their_o head_n and_o the_o flute_n to_o sound_v the_o measure_n of_o 2._o castor_n and_o himself_o withal_o begin_v the_o 33._o paean_n the_o song_n they_o use_v when_o they_o be_v to_o charge_v and_o advance_v first_o against_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o brave_a and_o no_o less_o fearful_a thing_n to_o behold_v they_o pace_v according_o to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o flute_n neither_o dissolve_v their_o order_n nor_o show_v any_o astonishment_n of_o mind_n but_o mild_o and_o joyful_o approach_v the_o danger_n of_o conflict_n 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the_o army_n and_o to_o excel_v the_o rest_n as_o well_o in_o stature_n as_o in_o experience_n and_o martial_a skâ—ll_n for_o this_o rank_n knit_v and_o bind_v in_o the_o phalange_n and_o of_o all_o other_o yield_v great_a use_n for_o as_o a_o sword_n take_v to_o the_o edge_n as_o a_o weight_n and_o sway_n the_o swell_a iron_n towards_o the_o back_n exhibit_v thereby_o more_o violence_n in_o pierce_v so_o in_o a_o phalange_n the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n be_v the_o edge_n itself_o and_o the_o multitude_n of_o aftercommer_n be_v the_o swell_a and_o sway_n and_o increase_v of_o weight_n consideration_n must_v be_v have_v likewise_o of_o those_o that_o follow_v in_o the_o second_o rank_n for_o their_o pike_n reach_v joint_o over_o the_o front_n and_o be_v next_o in_o place_n they_o be_v always_o ready_a for_o use_v and_o the_o file-leader_n fall_v or_o be_v wound_v the_o next_o follower_n step_v to_o the_o front_n in_o his_o place_n hold_v together_o and_o preserve_v the_o tenor_n of_o 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be_v sixteen_o cubit_n according_a to_o the_o first_o institution_n but_o in_o truth_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v fourteen_o cubit_n whereof_o the_o 4_o space_n betwixt_o the_o hand_n in_o charge_v take_v up_o two_o cubit_n the_o other_o twelve_o lie_v out_o from_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n those_o in_o the_o second_o rank_n that_o stand_v next_o to_o the_o leader_n lose_v four_o cubit_n in_o the_o phalange_n have_v their_o pike_n reach_v over_o the_o first_o rank_n ten_o cubit_n those_o of_o the_o three_o rank_n eight_o cubit_n of_o the_o four_o rank_n six_o cubit_n of_o the_o five_o 4_o cubit_n of_o the_o six_o 2_o cubit_n 5_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o other_o behind_o can_v attain_v to_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o see_v five_o or_o six_o pike_n be_v charge_v over_o the_o first_o rank_n they_o present_v a_o fearful_a sight_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o double_a the_o strength_n of_o the_o soldier_n stand_v fortify_v as_o it_o be_v with_o five_o or_o six_o pike_n and_o second_v with_o 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up_o together_o as_o they_o shall_v stand_v for_o it_o be_v a_o great_a strength_n and_o assurance_n to_o the_o phalange_n to_o have_v some_o principal_a commander_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o also_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n for_o the_o cause_n before_o mention_v note_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n which_o consist_v principal_o in_o the_o e._n protension_n and_o charge_v of_o pike_n and_o knit_v together_o of_o target_n be_v here_o set_v down_o the_o whole_a chapter_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v out_o of_o e._n polybius_n who_o handle_v the_o same_o argument_n and_o almost_o with_o the_o same_o word_n but_o that_o aelian_a and_o he_o differ_v about_o the_o number_n of_o cubit_n which_o the_o pike_n take_v up_o reach_v over_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n 1_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n have_v be_v think_v to_o be_v unresistible_a the_o strength_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n appear_v no_o way_n better_o than_o by_o the_o 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horse_n in_o every_o troop_n because_o in_o horse_n a_o great_a depth_n will_v be_v idle_a and_o to_o no_o purpose_n for_o they_o can_v as_o foot_n do_v with_o their_o thickness_n thrust_v one_o a_o other_o forward_o from_o behind_o and_o so_o the_o foremost_a will_v they_o or_o will_v they_o be_v force_v to_o go_v against_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o be_v do_v among_o foot_n but_o the_o horse_n can_v not_o thrust_v forward_o those_o that_o be_v before_o they_o nor_o the_o fileleader_n that_o stand_v in_o front_n be_v second_v in_o that_o kind_n by_o the_o rest_n that_o stand_v in_o depth_n after_o the_o four_o man_n for_o if_o they_o be_v lancer_n the_o five_o rank_n can_v reach_v with_o their_o lance_n to_o the_o front_n if_o archer_n they_o shall_v be_v fain_o to_o shoot_v aloft_o for_o fear_n of_o hurt_v their_o companion_n before_o and_o so_o their_o arrow_n serve_v for_o no_o use_n after_o fight_n be_v join_v therefore_o be_v the_o number_n of_o 4_o sufficient_a in_o depth_n as_o 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yet_o be_v there_o other_o reason_n also_o of_o give_v depth_n to_o a_o phalange_n in_o the_o order_n whereof_o two_o consideration_n concur_v one_o of_o offence_n the_o other_o of_o defence_n the_o reach_v of_o pike_n or_o horseman_n staff_n over_o the_o front_n be_v good_a for_o offence_n that_o be_v to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n in_o the_o shock_n likewise_o the_o thrust_v on_o of_o those_o that_o come_v behind_o serve_v with_o the_o violence_n to_o make_v they_o give_v ground_n a_o reasonable_a depth_n be_v for_o defence_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o defend_v a_o phalange_n against_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o break_v it_o a_o sunder_o and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n to_o make_v it_o too_o deep_a so_o be_v it_o likewise_o a_o fault_n to_o make_v it_o too_o shallow_a too_o much_o depth_n narrow_v the_o front_n and_o give_v easy_a mean_n to_o the_o enemy_n to_o encompass_v and_o oâ—er_n front_v it_o 109._o too_o much_o shallowness_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n make_v it_o weak_a and_o ready_a to_o be_v break_v and_o dissever_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o give_v a_o passage_n through_o and_o mean_v not_o only_o to_o encompass_v the_o front_n but_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n also_o to_o assault_v it_o behind_o and_o so_o utter_o to_o defeat_v it_o so_o that_o the_o reason_n of_o leo_n reach_v not_o home_o as_o i_o say_v there_o be_v other_o cause_n of_o thicken_a a_o horse_n troop_n beside_o reach_v of_o lance_n to_o the_o front_n and_o joint_a thrust_v on_o of_o the_o horse_n come_v behind_o and_o where_o leo_n speak_v but_o of_o 4_o horse_n in_o depth_n of_o a_o troop_n polybius_n say_v plain_o that_o be_v order_v for_o fight_n they_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n 8_o in_o depth_n polybius_n a_o man_n which_o live_v in_o the_o time_n whereof_o leo_n speak_v and_o have_v be_v general_n of_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o achaean_n beside_o leo_n seem_v not_o a_o little_a to_o differ_v from_o himself_o 70._o for_o in_o his_o seven_o chapter_n he_o write_v after_o this_o manner_n if_o there_o be_v many_o horse_n that_o be_v above_o twelve_o thousand_o let_v the_o depth_n be_v of_o 10._o if_o but_o few_o let_v it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 5._o in_o square_n therefore_o i_o hold_v aelians_n proportion_n best_o to_o double_v the_o number_n of_o the_o front_n to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o flank_n and_o as_o the_o number_n of_o the_o troop_n arise_v for_o horse_n troop_n be_v not_o always_o of_o one_o number_n to_o enlarge_v the_o length_n of_o cap._n 19_o a_o rhombe_n file_v but_o not_o rank_v the_o front_n the_o rear_n cap._n 19_o a_o rhombe_n neither_o fill_n nor_o rank_v the_o front_n the_o rear_n cap._n 19_o a_o rhomb_n rank_v but_o not_o file_v the_o front_n the_o rear_n the_o front_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o flank_n proportionable_o one_o to_o another_o 6_o when_o there_o be_v as_o many_o horse_n in_o length_n as_o in_o depth_n i_o note_v before_o in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n that_o there_o be_v two_o square_n of_o equal_a side_n the_o one_o of_o number_n the_o other_o of_o figure_n which_o two_o square_n differ_v in_o this_o that_o the_o one_o make_v unequal_a side_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o equal_a the_o first_o at_o this_o day_n we_o call_v a_o square_a of_o man_n the_o other_o a_o square_a of_o ground_n when_o the_o number_n of_o the_o side_n be_v equal_a in_o length_n and_o depth_n it_o give_v but_o half_a so_o much_o ground_n in_o front_n as_o in_o flank_n each_o soldier_n if_o it_o be_v a_o foot_n battle_n occupy_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ground_n in_o front_n when_o he_o go_v to_o charge_n where_o in_o flank_n he_o must_v have_v 3_o foot_n and_o in_o a_o horse_n troop_n 3_o foot_n in_o front_n and_o double_a or_o as_o some_o say_v treble_a as_o much_o in_o flank_n and_o so_o be_v the_o side_n unequal_a the_o even_a length_n of_o flank_n and_o front_n give_v a_o like_a ground_n to_o both_o and_o make_v the_o side_n of_o the_o figure_n equal_a but_o the_o number_n of_o the_o front_n double_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o flank_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o horse_n or_o foot_n in_o foot_n because_o the_o soldier_n in_o ranke_n have_v but_o half_a so_o much_o distance_n as_o they_o have_v in_o file_n in_o rank_n a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o file_n three_o foot_n in_o horse_n because_o the_o length_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v much_o more_o than_o his_o breadth_n and_o that_o length_n be_v full_o stretch_v out_o in_o flank_n the_o breadth_n only_o in_o front_n why_o rhombe_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o use_n and_o the_o diverse_a form_n of_o they_o chap._n xix_o the_o form_n of_o the_o rhombe_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v up_o for_o the_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o for_o the_o captain_n possess_v the_o first_o place_n the_o next_o follow_v horseman_n be_v not_o to_o rank_n with_o he_o but_o to_o come_v a_o little_a after_o on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o 1_o the_o head_n of_o their_o horse_n may_v reach_v to_o his_o horse_n shoulder_n &_o on_o the_o right_n &_o left_a hand_n and_o behind_o they_o ought_v to_o keep_v good_a distance_n that_o too_o much_o throng_v and_o cluster_v together_o breed_v not_o disorder_n while_o some_o horse_n be_v by_o nature_n sullen_a fall_v a_o fling_n oftentimes_o and_o foul_a with_o other_o and_o consider_v the_o beast_n be_v somewhat_o long_o of_o body_n that_o in_o turn_v about_o he_o wound_v not_o the_o horseman_n that_o be_v in_o fight_n while_o with_o his_o heel_n he_o aim_v at_o the_o horse_n next_o unto_o he_o they_o that_o fashion_n horse_n into_o rhombe_n so_o fashion_v they_o that_o some_o rhombe_n file_v and_o rank_n some_o neither_o file_n nor_o rank_n othersome_a file_n but_o rank_n not_o other_o rank_n but_o file_v not_o every_o particular_a whereof_o stand_v thus_o they_o that_o will_v have_v 2_o a_o rhombe_n both_o file_n and_o rank_n make_v the_o great_a rank_n be_v the_o middlemost_a of_o a_o uneven_a number_n as_o of_o 11_o or_o 13_o or_o 15._o to_o which_o they_o join_v other_o rank_n before_o and_o behind_o every_o one_o contain_v two_o less_o than_o the_o former_a as_o if_o the_o great_a rank_n consist_v of_o 15_o the_o next_o rank_n on_o either_o side_n be_v to_o have_v but_o 13_o the_o next_o on_o either_o side_n of_o these_o 11._o and_o so_o every_o one_o two_o less_o till_o at_o last_o you_o come_v to_o 1._o and_o the_o whole_a troop_n be_v to_o consist_v of_o 113_o horse_n 3_o the_o half_a rhombe_n be_v call_v a_o wedge_n be_v fashion_v three_o square_a so_o that_o the_o form_n thereof_o appear_v in_o the_o rhombe_n other_o have_v form_v the_o rhombe_n
defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o only_o two_o narrow_a way_n betwixt_o he_o cast_v his_o army_n into_o a_o hollow_a plinthium_fw-la or_o square_a and_o lead_v it_o against_o the_o left_a hand_n passage_n whither_o all_o the_o theban_n flock_v for_o defence_n but_o he_o turn_v about_o face_n from_o the_o rear_n haste_v away_o and_o gain_v the_o other_o passage_n where_o no_o man_n be_v present_a to_o resist_v and_o enter_v spoil_v the_o country_n and_o return_v without_o impeachment_n 4_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o metabole_n before_o be_v rehearse_v two_o kind_n of_o turn_n of_o face_n about_o one_o to_o the_o pike_n the_o other_o to_o the_o target_n here_o be_v add_v two_o more_o one_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o other_o against_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v all_o one_o indeed_o and_o differ_v only_o in_o name_n what_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o turn_n shall_v be_v i_o be_o in_o doubt_n aelian_n expound_v they_o one_o way_n suidas_n a_o other_o aelian_n esteem_v they_o by_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v hand_n suidas_n albeit_o he_o have_v that_o signification_n also_o esteem_v they_o by_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v therefore_o suidas_n define_v the_o turn_n from_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v a_o turn_n about_o towards_o the_o rear_n that_o against_o the_o enemy_n a_o turn_n about_o towards_o the_o front_n aelian_n will_v have_v the_o first_o to_o contain_v two_o turn_n towards_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o second_o two_o turn_n towards_o the_o left_a i_o for_o my_o part_n assent_v rather_o to_o aelian_n for_o touch_v the_o turn_n of_o suidas_n i_o can_v yet_o understand_v why_o turn_v towards_o the_o rear_n shall_v be_v a_o turn_n from_o the_o enemy_n or_o towards_o the_o front_n a_o turn_n to_o the_o enemy_n consider_v that_o whether_o soever_o you_o turn_v face_n the_o enemy_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v there_o face_n and_o weapon_n be_v to_o be_v oppose_v always_o against_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o only_a end_n of_o turn_v aelians_n opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v more_o probability_n in_o it_o at_o least_o if_o i_o conceive_v the_o right_a reason_n for_o i_o take_v it_o thus_o that_o see_v the_o grecian_n as_o the_o roman_n likewise_o be_v targeteer_n and_o carry_v their_o target_n on_o their_o left_a side_n and_o in_o fight_n advance_v that_o side_n always_o near_o the_o enemy_n which_o they_o seek_v to_o cover_v with_o their_o target_n that_o therefore_o the_o turn_n about_o to_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v turn_v to_o the_o target_n as_o contrary_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a side_n on_o which_o side_n the_o pike_n be_v carry_v and_o which_o be_v naked_a of_o such_o defensive_a arm_n be_v call_v apeâ—un_fw-la the_o open_a side_n and_o therefore_o further_o remove_v from_o the_o enemy_n may_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v term_v turn_v from_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o i_o take_v turn_v about_o to_o the_o enemy_n and_o turn_v about_o to_o the_o target_n to_o be_v all_o one_o as_o also_o turn_v about_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o turn_v about_o to_o the_o pike_n howsoever_o the_o name_n differ_v this_o be_v my_o conjecture_n which_o i_o shall_v imagine_v to_o be_v true_a till_o i_o find_v some_o man_n that_o will_v be_v please_v to_o give_v i_o a_o more_o probable_a reason_n i_o only_o add_v now_o the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o this_o motion_n as_o you_o be_v face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o figure_n show_v the_o manner_n of_o wheel_v double_a and_o treble-wheeling_a of_o the_o battle_n and_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n chap._n xxvi_o 1_o epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v be_v when_o the_o battle_n be_v so_o close_v that_o no_o man_n can_v turn_v or_o twice_o turn_v his_o face_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o nearness_n of_o man_n to_o man_n it_o whole_o and_o joint_o wheel_v as_o a_o ship_n or_o some_o other_o body_n carry_v about_o the_o order_n thereof_o remain_v undissolue_v when_o the_o wheel_a be_v to_o the_o pike_n we_o warn_v the_o right-corner-file-leader_n to_o stand_v still_o as_o it_o be_v the_o hook_n of_o a_o door_n hinge_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o battle_n proceed_v forward_o to_o turn_v about_o the_o same_o file-leader_n like_o the_o door_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v wheel_v to_o the_o target_n it_o may_v be_v thus_o define_v epistrophe_n be_v when_o shut_v the_o battle_n by_o gather_v close_o the_o follower_n and_o sideman_n we_o turn_v it_o whole_o as_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n towards_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n it_o be_v carry_v about_o the_o corner-file-leader_n as_o about_o a_o centre_n and_o change_v the_o place_n of_o the_o front_n transfer_v the_o countenance_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n the_o follower_n and_o sideman_n every_o one_o remain_v in_o file_n and_o rank_n as_o before_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v i_o will_v show_v hereafter_o anastrophe_n or_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v the_o restore_n of_o the_o wheel_a to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n first_o stand_v close_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o wheel_n perispasmos_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o two_o wheeling_n so_o that_o thereby_o the_o front_n come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rear_n 2_o ecperispasmos_n or_o treble_a wheel_a be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o three_o wheeling_n so_o as_o when_o it_o turn_v to_o the_o pike_n the_o front_n come_v about_o to_o the_o left_a flank_n when_o to_o the_o target_n it_o come_v about_o to_o the_o right_a flank_n note_n this_o chapter_n have_v a_o diverse_a kind_n of_o turn_v from_o the_o other_o mention_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n which_o for_o distinction_n sake_n be_v call_v epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v the_o other_o turn_v no_o more_o than_o the_o soldier_n face_n every_o man_n yet_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n be_v have_v before_o this_o wheel_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o change_v the_o place_n of_o the_o phalange_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n or_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o turn_n of_o face_n a_o particular_a motion_n of_o every_o particular_a soldier_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n call_v clesis_n and_o a_o other_o turn_v about_o call_v metabole_n so_o be_v there_o in_o this_o a_o general_a wheel_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n call_v epistrophe_n and_o a_o other_o wheel_v about_o to_o the_o rear_v call_v perispasmos_n but_o let_v we_o hear_v the_o description_n 1_o epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v be_v when_o the_o battle_n shortly_n epistrophe_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o first_o turn_v of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n in_o do_v whereof_o first_o the_o file_n must_v be_v close_v to_o the_o hand_n you_o mean_v to_o wheel_n than_o the_o rank_n then_o the_o corner_n file-leader_n on_o the_o same_o hand_n be_v to_o stand_v still_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n keep_v their_o file_n and_o rank_n close_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o same_o hand_n joint_o about_o the_o corner-file-leader_n circlewise_a who_o be_v to_o move_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o he_o have_v turn_v his_o face_n to_o that_o side_n which_o be_v intend_v and_o when_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v even_o with_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n wheel_v enough_o to_o the_o same_o hand_n they_o be_v to_o stand_v still_o the_o word_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v be_v plain_a enough_o in_o aelian_a i_o need_v use_v no_o exposition_n now_o because_o in_o exercise_n we_o rely_v not_o upon_o one_o form_n of_o motion_n alone_o but_o acquaint_v our_o soldier_n with_o all_o the_o kind_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o bring_v the_o body_n again_o to_o the_o first_o place_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v proceed_v in_o the_o rest_n this_o reduce_n to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v call_v anastrophe_n by_o which_o the_o battle_n return_v but_o by_o a_o contrary_a hand_n to_o that_o to_o which_o the_o epistrophe_n be_v make_v and_o but_o for_o change_v the_o hand_n the_o wheel_a back_n again_o be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o wheel_a forward_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o how_o it_o be_v do_v to_o bring_v the_o battle_n to_o have_v the_o front_n where_o the_o rear_n be_v you_o must_v use_v a_o double_a wheel_a and_o that_o be_v call_v perispasmos_n which_o come_v of_o two_o epistrophe_n and_o be_v make_v either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n only_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o perispasmos_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o anastrophe_n or_o reduce_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n must_v be_v to_o the_o left_a contrary_a it_o be_v if_o the_o perispasmos_n be_v to_o
themselves_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o target_n where_o diodore_n have_v en_fw-fr ortho_fw-mi to_o dorati_fw-la menein_fw-la to_o continue_v their_o pike_n upright_o polienus_n have_v protinomenous_a ta_fw-la dorata_fw-la ortha_fw-mi hold_v before_o they_o their_o pike_n upright_o but_o both_o have_v pike_n upright_o and_o diodorus_n his_o continue_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o posture_n they_o be_v in_o which_o chabrias_n will_v not_o have_v they_o to_o alter_v polienus_n his_o hold_n before_o to_o that_o they_o be_v command_v to_o do_v in_o order_v of_o pike_n at_o this_o day_n i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o soldier_n hold_v they_o upright_o the_o but_o end_n set_v on_o the_o ground_n before_o and_o somewhat_o wide_a of_o their_o right_a foot_n 105._o aemilius_z probus_n recite_v this_o history_n pervert_v the_o stratagem_n he_o say_v that_o chabrias_n forbid_v the_o phalange_n to_o give_v back_o and_o teach_v his_o soldier_n to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n charge_v kneel_v with_o one_o knee_n the_o other_o set_v against_o the_o target_n and_o with_o the_o pike_n abase_v wherein_o he_o quite_o dissent_v from_o diodore_n and_o polien_n diodore_n say_v the_o command_n be_v to_o keep_v their_o array_n polienus_n not_o to_o run_v forward_o but_o quiet_o to_o stand_v still_o probus_n not_o to_o give_v back_o probus_n say_v they_o shall_v kneel_v with_o one_o knee_n and_o rest_n against_o the_o target_n with_o the_o other_o diodore_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v their_o target_n sink_v to_o their_o knee_n polienus_n that_o they_o shall_v carry_v their_o target_n before_o at_o their_o knee_n probus_n that_o they_o shall_v abase_v and_o charge_v their_o pike_n diodore_n that_o they_o shall_v continue_v and_o order_v they_o upright_o polien_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v their_o pike_n upright_o so_o that_o diodore_n and_o polien_n agree_v and_o expound_v one_o another_o aemilius_n probus_n bring_v in_o a_o new_a history_n dissent_v as_o i_o say_v from_o the_o other_o two_o especial_o in_o make_v that_o to_o be_v a_o form_n of_o fight_n prescribe_v by_o chabrias_n a_o simple_a form_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n upon_o their_o knee_n which_o be_v a_o contempt_n to_o show_v how_o little_a especial_o in_o that_o strength_n of_o ground_n he_o regard_v agesilaus_n which_o contempt_n also_o make_v agesilaus_n retire_v not_o doubt_v but_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o great_a assurance_n of_o the_o enemy_n therefore_o as_o i_o say_v i_o take_v these_o word_n ep_o '_o orthon_n apodounai_fw-mi not_o only_o to_o appertain_v to_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o soldier_n but_o also_o and_o that_o much_o rather_o to_o the_o erection_n and_o order_v of_o pike_n of_o countermarche_n and_o the_o diverse_a kind_n thereof_o with_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v chap._n xxviii_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o countermarche_n one_o by_o file_n the_o other_o by_o rank_n each_o of_o these_o again_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n the_o first_o call_v the_o macedonian_a the_o second_o the_o lacedaemonian_a the_o three_o the_o choraean_a which_o be_v also_o the_o persian_a and_o the_o cretan_a 1_o the_o macedonian_a be_v that_o which_o leave_v the_o ground_n it_o first_o have_v take_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o turn_v the_o aspect_n of_o the_o soldier_n backward_o where_o before_o it_o be_v forward_o 2_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v that_o which_o leave_v likewise_o the_o ground_n it_o first_o have_v take_v in_o steed_n thereof_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o turn_v also_o the_o face_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o contrary_a way_n 3_o the_o persian_a be_v the_o cretan_a and_o choraean_a this_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n of_o the_o phalange_n every_o soldier_n take_v another_o place_n for_o that_o he_o have_v the_o file-leader_n the_o place_n of_o bringer-up_a and_o so_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n and_o turn_v also_o the_o face_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o contrary_a way_n 4_o countermarche_n by_o rank_n be_v make_v when_o a_o man_n will_v transfer_v the_o wing_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o section_n and_o the_o section_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o end_n to_o strengthen_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n likewise_o the_o right_a hand_n part_n into_o the_o left_a hand_n part_n and_o the_o left_a hand_n part_n into_o the_o right_a hand_n part_n they_o that_o fear_v to_o countermarch_n the_o phalange_n in_o gross_a the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n do_v it_o by_o syntagmae_n i_o will_v now_o set_v down_o in_o what_o manner_n countermarch_v aught_o to_o be_v make_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o file_n be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v about_o his_o face_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n with_o the_o bringer-up_a go_v against_o he_o on_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n place_n themselves_o in_o order_n one_o after_o a_o other_o according_a as_o the_o file-leader_n himself_o have_v turn_v his_o face_n therefore_o it_o make_v show_v to_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o run_v away_o or_o it_o be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v about_o his_o face_n and_o the_o rest_n pass_v by_o he_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n place_v themselves_o orderly_a one_o behind_o another_o but_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v when_o the_o bringer-up_a turn_v his_o face_n about_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n turn_v also_o their_o face_n and_o proceed_v forward_o together_o with_o their_o file-leader_n order_v themselves_o proportionable_o in_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n wherefore_o to_o the_o enemy_n appear_v behind_o it_o make_v a_o semblance_n of_o fall_v on_o again_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v his_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n transfer_v the_o whole_a file_n to_o another_o place_n equal_a to_o the_o first_o and_o the_o rest_n follow_v stand_n as_o before_o behind_o he_o or_o else_o when_o the_o bringer-up_a turn_v his_o face_n about_o and_o he_o that_o stand_v next_o before_o he_o pass_v by_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n be_v place_v again_o next_o before_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n follow_v be_v place_v one_o before_o another_o in_o their_o former_a order_n till_o the_o file-leader_n be_v the_o first_o the_o choraean_a be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v about_o towards_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n precede_v the_o file_n and_o the_o rest_n follow_v till_o the_o file-leader_n have_v the_o place_n of_o the_o bringer-up_a and_o the_o bringer-up_a the_o place_n of_o the_o file-leader_n and_o these_o be_v the_o countermarche_n by_o file_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v countermarch_v make_v by_o rank_n in_o case_n a_o man_n will_v countermarch_n by_o rank_n for_o every_o rank_n countermarch_v either_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n or_o change_v the_o right_a hand_n place_n or_o else_o the_o left_a hand_n place_n of_o the_o battle_n one_o of_o which_o must_v needs_o fall_v out_o and_o never_o fail_v note_n the_o two_o former_a motion_n be_v perform_v one_o in_o close_a order_n the_o other_o in_o all_o order_n epistrophe_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v shut_v so_o close_o that_o as_o aelian_n say_v a_o man_n can_v turn_v his_o face_n neither_o the_o one_o way_n nor_o the_o other_o clisis_fw-la in_o open_a order_n order_n and_o close_a order_n the_o two_o â—_o follow_v motion_n countermarch_v and_o double_v one_o be_v do_v in_o open_a 84._o order_n the_o other_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o open_a order_n too_o and_o yet_o sometime_o in_o order_n and_o close_a order_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o due_a place_n this_o chapter_n handle_v countermarche_n the_o next_o doubling_n countermarch_v be_v a_o motion_n whereby_o every_o soldier_n march_v after_o other_o change_v his_o front_n for_o the_o rear_n or_o one_o flank_v for_o the_o other_o for_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o countermarche_n one_o by_o file_n and_o the_o other_o by_o rank_n and_o each_o of_o these_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o three_o the_o first_o call_v the_o macedonian_a the_o second_o the_o lacedaemonian_a the_o three_o the_o choraean_a or_o cretan_a a_o countermarch_v by_o file_n be_v when_o every_o soldier_n follow_v his_o leader_n of_o the_o same_o file_n by_o rank_n when_o every_o soldier_n follow_v his_o sideman_n of_o the_o same_o rank_n in_o the_o countermarch_v 1_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v in_o this_o countermarch_v the_o purpose_n of_o the_o commander_n be_v to_o turn_v the_o front_n of_o his_o battle_n against_o the_o enemy_n that_o show_v himself_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o withal_o to_o take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n it_o be_v call_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v say_v aelian_n because_o
l_o 37_o after_n himself_o with_o insert_v in_o p._n 88_o l._n 39_o fight_v seek_v p._n 90._o l._n 41._o they_o those_o p_o 91._o l._n 30._o twenty_o six_o sixteen_o pag._n â—2_n l._n 29._o after_o 1024_o man_n insert_v two_o systremmâ—s_n a_o epinenâ—gy_n of_o 204â—_n man_n p._n 96_o l._n 44._o after_o flank_n insert_v and_o front_n p_o 98._o l._n 37._o after_o ambâ—shes_n be_v insert_v or_o may_v be_v p._n 99_o l._n 18._o for_o flight_n flight_n p._n 112._o l._n 44._o neaâ—er_n near_o p._n 114._o lin_v 23._o read_v episyzygy_n harmatarchy_n p._n 115._o l._n 34._o great_a great_a p._n 122._o l._n 4._o lacedaemon_n lin_v 21._o a_o comma_n after_o cut_v it_o of_o another_o comma_n after_o a_o sunder_o p._n 124._o l._n 19_o after_o proceed_v put_v out_o but._n p._n 130._o l._n 28._o for_o and_o but._n p._n 135._o lin_v middle_a middleman_n pag._n 136_o l._n 4._o after_o particular_a insert_v be_v lin_v 20._o after_o doubling_n insert_v which_o p._n 138_o l_o 15._o read_v entaxis_fw-la the_o folio_n be_v false_a pag_n 138._o 139._o pag._n 142._o l._n 19_o for_o chap._n 24._o read_v 34._o pag._n 153._o l._n 23._o after_o rapier_n insert_v for_o offence_n pag._n 154._o l._n 6._o after_o 6_o add_v foot_n lin_v 3â—_n after_o thus_o insert_v it_o pag._n 155._o lin_v 1._o after_o right_a insert_v hand_n the_o content_n of_o the_o note_n chap._n ii_o of_o arm_n in_o general_n pag._n 12._o defensive_a arm_n of_o old_a time_n pag._n ibid._n offensive_a arm_n pag._n ibid._n strength_n of_o arm_n therein_o of_o the_o matter_n pag._n 13._o fitness_n for_o the_o body_n pag._n 15._o fitness_n for_o the_o field_n pag._n 15._o comeliness_n pag._n 17._o three_o kind_n of_o footman_n pag._n 19_o 1._o arm_n of_o the_o arm_a pag._n 20._o the_o form_n of_o the_o macedonian_a target_n pag._n 20._o the_o matter_n pag._n 21._o the_o macedonian_a pike_n pag._n 23._o the_o wood_n it_o be_v make_v of_o pag._n ibid._n target_n and_o pike_n both_o use_v together_o pag._n ibid._n how_o the_o target_n be_v carry_v pag._n 22._o 2._o the_o lightarmed_n and_o their_o appellation_n pag._n 24._o 1._o arrow_n and_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v archer_n pag._n 25._o the_o estimation_n of_o archer_n of_o ancient_a time_n pag._n ibid._n that_o good_a service_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o our_o bow_n even_o at_o this_o day_n pag._n ibid._n 2._o dart_n and_o the_o diverse_a name_n give_v they_o pag._n 27._o the_o matter_n fashion_n and_o force_v of_o dart_n pag._n 28._o 3._o slinger_n pag._n 29._o the_o best_a slinger_n pag._n ibid._n how_o far_o a_o sling_n will_v reach_v pag._n ibid._n 3._o targeteer_n pag._n 30._o the_o form_n of_o their_o target_n pag._n ibid._n their_o pike_n pag._n ibid._n their_o other_o arm_n pag._n ibid._n the_o hypaspists_n in_o the_o history_n of_o alexander_n pag._n ibid._n horseman_n pag._n 32._o cataphractes_fw-la pag._n ibid._n their_o and_o their_o horse_n armour_n pag._n ibid._n their_o lance_n pag._n 33._o their_o manner_n in_o charge_v pag._n ibid._n lancier_n pag._n ibid._n their_o and_o their_o horse_n armour_n tarentines_n pag._n 35._o their_o arm_n and_o manner_n of_o fight_n pag._n ibid._n archer_n on_o horseback_n pag._n 36._o chap._n iii_o levy_n of_o soldier_n pag._n 37._o consideration_n in_o levy_n pag._n ibid._n what_o number_n pag._n ibid._n the_o head_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n pag._n 38._o the_o effect_n of_o exercise_n in_o soldier_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n iu._n file_n and_o the_o diverse_a signification_n of_o lochos_n a_o file_n pag._n 40._o the_o number_n of_o aelians_n file_n pag._n ibid._n other_o file_n more_o or_o less_o pag._n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o aelians_n number_n in_o a_o file_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n v._n dispose_v of_o file_n pag._n 42._o the_o best_a man_n the_o leader_n and_o why_o pag._n ibid._n the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o grecian_n in_o bring_v their_o best_a man_n to_o fight_v pag._n 43._o a_o enomoty_n pag._n 44._o the_o place_n of_o enomotarchs_n pag._n ibid._n the_o dimeritt_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o half_a file_n pag._n 45._o the_o worth_n of_o the_o file-leader_n pag._n ibid._n leo_n his_o dispose_n of_o a_o file_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n vii_o a_o phalange_n pag._n 48._o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n pag._n ibid._n the_o phalange_n not_o always_o of_o one_o number_n pag._n ibid._n the_o inventor_n of_o the_o phalange_n pag._n 49._o the_o length_n of_o it_o pag._n ibid._n the_o depth_n pag._n ibid._n the_o thickness_n pag._n ibid._n the_o breadth_n pag._n 50._o the_o wing_n pag._n ibid._n the_o middle_a section_n pag._n ibid._n whether_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o than_o one_o section_n pag._n ibid._n the_o place_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n pag._n 53._o the_o place_n of_o the_o horse_n pag._n 55._o in_o the_o wing_n pag._n 56._o in_o the_o rear_n pag._n 57_o in_o the_o front_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n viii_o what_o motion_n transfigure_v the_o phalange_n into_o another_o shape_n pag._n 59_o the_o number_n fit_a for_o motion_n of_o the_o phalange_n pag._n 60._o the_o number_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n pag._n 61._o the_o number_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n of_o horse_n the_o number_n chap._n ix_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o phalange_n pag._n 65._o the_o number_n of_o they_o pag._n ibid._n the_o double_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n tetrarchy_n pag._n ibid._n the_o manifold_a signification_n of_o taxis_fw-la pag._n ibid._n and_o of_o syntagma_n pag._n 66._o the_o officer_n of_o the_o syntagma_n pag._n 67._o the_o ensign_n pag._n ibid._n the_o beginning_n of_o ensign_n pag._n ibid._n why_o they_o be_v bear_v pag._n ibid._n the_o form_n of_o the_o ensign_n pag._n 68_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o ensign_n pag._n ibid._n the_o place_n of_o the_o ensign-bearer_n in_o fight_n pag._n 60._o the_o trumpet_n and_o use_v thereof_o among_o foot_n pag._n 70._o it_o be_v the_o signal_n instrument_n of_o the_o grecian_n pag._n ibid._n the_o drum_n pag._n ibid._n how_o it_o come_v into_o europe_n pag._n ibid._n the_o lacedaemonian_n use_v both_o flute_n and_o trumpet_z pag._n 71._o the_o place_n of_o the_o trumpet_n in_o battle_n pag._n ibid._n a_o sergeant_n duty_n pag._n ibid._n quality_n requisite_a in_o a_o sergeant_n pag._n ibid._n his_o dignity_n pag._n ibid._n his_o place_n in_o fight_n pag._n ibid._n a_o crier_n office_n pag._n ibid._n his_o place_n in_o fight_n pag._n 72._o the_o tetragonall_a form_n of_o a_o syntagma_n pag._n 73._o the_o number_n of_o the_o chiliarchy_n pag._n ibid._n the_o roman_a tribuneship_n and_o it_o differ_v pag._n ibid._n our_o colonel_n come_v near_o the_o chiliarch_n pag._n ibid._n whether_o it_o be_v first_o institute_v by_o alexander_n at_o babylon_n pag._n ibid._n the_o persian_a chiliarch_n pag._n 74._o the_o merarchy_n pag._n ibid._n the_o phalangarchy_n pag._n ibid._n the_o body_n military_a of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n pag._n 75._o of_o the_o athenian_n pag._n ibid._n of_o cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n pag._n ibid._n of_o vrbicius_n pag._n ibid._n of_o julius_n pollux_n pag._n ibid._n the_o number_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o aelians_n phalange_n pag._n 76._o chap._n x._o the_o place_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o phalange_n all_o the_o commander_n in_o front_n pag._n 77._o alternative_a commander_n pag._n ibid._n the_o place_n of_o the_o general_n pag._n ibid._n of_o the_o phalangarche_n pag._n ibid._n of_o the_o merarche_n pag._n 78._o of_o the_o rest_n pag._n 79._o chap._n xi_o distance_n pag._n 80._o open_v order_n pag._n ibid._n order_n pag._n 81._o close_o order_n pag._n ibid._n the_o ground_n a_o phalange_n possess_v in_o each_o order_n pag._n 82._o chap._n xii_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o macedonian_a target_n pag._n 83._o the_o hollowness_n pag._n ibid._n the_o breadth_n pag._n ibid._n the_o length_n of_o the_o short_a pike_n pag._n ibid._n advantage_n of_o long_a pike_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n xiiii_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n pag._n 85_o the_o conquest_n of_o king_n philip_n and_o alexander_n his_o son_n pag._n ibid._n battle_n wherein_o the_o roman_n beat_v the_o macedonian_n pag._n 86._o proof_n of_o the_o macedonian_a imbattail_v against_o the_o roman_n pag._n 87._o distance_n betwixt_o soldior_fw-la and_o soldior_fw-la in_o fight_n pag._n 89._o how_o much_o of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o pike_n be_v lose_v in_o charge_v pag._n 90._o how_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o six_o rank_n and_o the_o other_o after_o they_o be_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o fight_n pag._n ibid._n the_o pike_n of_o the_o rear_n long_o than_o those_o in_o front_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n xv._n the_o place_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n pag._n 91._o the_o place_n of_o targeteer_n pag._n 92._o the_o file_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n xvi_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n pag._n ibid._n the_o cause_n of_o impropriety_n of_o name_n pag._n ibid._n the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o name_n
thus_o to_o your_o pike_n turn_v your_o face_n that_o be_v we_o ought_v to_o set_v the_o particular_a before_o and_o then_o infer_v the_o general_a like_a reason_n be_v if_o you_o say_v turn_v about_o your_o face_n or_o countermarch_n for_o these_o be_v also_o general_a word_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o set_v the_o particular_a before_o as_o to_o the_o pike_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o or_o to_o the_o target_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o likewise_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n not_o the_o countermarch_v lacedaemonian_a for_o if_o you_o place_v the_o word_n countermarch_v first_o some_o of_o the_o soldier_n will_v happy_o fall_v to_o one_o kind_n other_o to_o another_o kind_n of_o countermarch_v for_o which_o cause_n word_n of_o double_a sense_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v and_o the_o special_a to_o be_v set_v before_o the_o general_a of_o silence_n to_o be_v use_v by_o soldier_n chap._n liii_o but_o above_o all_o thing_n silence_n be_v to_o be_v command_v and_o that_o beed_o be_v give_v to_o direction_n as_o homer_n special_o signify_v in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o grecian_a and_o trojan_a fight_n the_o skilful_a cheeftaines_a press_v on_o guide_v with_o careful_a eye_n their_o arm_a troop_n who_o follow_v their_o leader_n silent_o you_o sure_o will_v have_v deem_v each_o one_o of_o all_o that_o mighty_a throng_n have_v be_v bereave_v of_o speech_n so_o bride_n lead_v he_o his_o heedful_a tongue_n fear_v the_o dread_a commander_n check_v and_o awful_a hest's_n among_o thus_o march_v the_o greek_n in_o silence_n breathe_v flame_n of_o high_a desire_n and_o fervent_a zeal_n to_o back_o their_o friend_n on_o foe_n to_o wreak_v their_o ire_n as_o for_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o barbarian_n he_o resemble_v it_o to_o bird_n say_v as_o shoal_n of_o foul_a goose_n crane_n and_o swan_n with_o neck_n far_o stretch_v out_o which_o in_o the_o slimy_a fen_n caïster_v wind_a stream_n about_o sheare_n here_o and_o there_o the_o liquid_a sky_n sport_v on_o wanton_a wing_n then_o fall_v to_o ground_n with_o clang_v noise_n the_o fen_n all_o over_o ring_n none_o otherwise_o the_o trojan_n fill_v the_o field_n with_o heap_a sound_n of_o break_a and_o confuse_a cry_n each_z where_o tumult_n abound_v and_o again_o the_o captain_n marshal_n out_o their_o troop_n range_v in_o goodly_a guise_n and_o foâ—rth_o the_o trojan_n pace_n like_o bird_n which_o lade_v the_o air_n with_o cry_n not_o so_o the_o greek_n who_o silence_n breathe_v flame_n of_o high_a desire_n fernent_n in_o zeal_n to_o back_v their_o friend_n on_o foe_n to_o wreak_v their_o ire_n the_o word_n of_o command_n chap._n liiii_o thus_o then_o be_v we_o to_o command_v to_o your_o arm_n stand_v by_o your_o arm_n carriage_n away_o from_o the_o battle_n mark_v your_o direction_n separate_a yourselves_o advance_v your_o pike_n file_n and_o rank_n yourselves_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n rear_n commander_n order_v your_o file_n 11_o keep_v your_o first_o distance_n 25._o face_n to_o the_o pike_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o as_o you_o be_v 25._o face_n to_o the_o target_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 25._o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 29._o double_o your_o depth_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 29._o double_o your_o length_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 28._o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 28._o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 28._o the_o choraan_n countermarch_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 26._o battle_n wheel_n to_o the_o pike_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 26._o battle_n wheel_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n these_o precept_n of_o the_o art_n tacticke_n most_o invincible_a caesar_n i_o have_v lay_v out_o to_o your_o majesty_n which_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n of_o safety_n to_o such_o as_o shall_v use_v they_o and_o of_o â—he_n overthrow_n of_o their_o enemy_n the_o exercise_n of_o the_o english_a in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o high_a and_o mighty_a lord_n the_o lord_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o low_a country_n the_o soldier_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o kind_n foot_n and_o horse_n the_o foot_n again_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n pikeman_n and_o musketeer_n pikeman_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o head-piece_n a_o cuirass_n and_o tase_n defensive_a and_o with_o a_o pike_n of_o fifteen_o foot_n long_o and_o a_o rapier_n offen_n sieve_n the_o armour_n be_v all_o iron_n the_o pike_n of_o ashen_n wood_n for_o the_o steal_v and_o at_o the_o upper_a end_n a_o iron_n head_n of_o about_o a_o handful_n long_o with_o cheek_n about_o the_o length_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o at_o the_o butt-end_n a_o round_a strong_a socket_n of_o iron_n end_v in_o a_o pike_n that_o be_v blunt_a yet_o sharp_a enough_o to_o fix_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o form_n thereof_o be_v express_v in_o the_o grave_a figure_n the_o musketier_n have_v a_o head-piece_n for_o defence_n a_o musket_n the_o barrel_n of_o the_o length_n of_o 4_o foot_n the_o bear_v of_o 12_o bullet_n to_o the_o pound_n a_o bandelier_n to_o which_o be_v fasten_v a_o convenient_a number_n of_o charge_n for_o powder_n sometime_o as_o many_o as_o 15_o or_o 16_o a_o leather_n bag_n for_o bullet_n with_o a_o prune_a iron_n a_o rest_n for_o the_o musket_n with_o a_o iron_n fork_n on_o the_o upper_a end_n to_o support_v it_o in_o discharge_v and_o a_o pike_n on_o the_o nether_a end_n to_o stick_v into_o the_o ground_n last_o a_o rapier_n the_o figure_n of_o this_o armour_n also_o be_v here_o insert_v these_o soldier_n both_o pike-man_n and_o musketeer_n be_v divide_v into_o company_n and_o every_o company_n consist_v half_o of_o pike_n half_a musketeer_n the_o company_n be_v some_o more_o in_o number_n some_o less_o some_o reach_n to_o 300_o man_n some_o 200_o some_o 100_o some_o 90_o some_o 80_o some_o 70._o every_o company_n have_v these_o officer_n of_o the_o field_n a_o captain_n a_o lieutenant_n a_o ensign_n 2_o sergeant_n 3_o corporal_n two_o drum_n and_o for_o other_o use_v a_o clerk_n a_o surgeon_n and_o a_o provost_n company_n be_v compact_v into_o regiment_n and_o the_o regiment_n command_v by_o colonel_n regiment_n contain_v not_o always_o a_o like_a number_n of_o company_n some_o have_v 10_o some_z 11_o 12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o some_o 30_o company_n and_o above_o in_o every_o regiment_n be_v a_o colonel_n a_o lieutenant_n colonel_n a_o sergeant_n maior_n all_o officer_n of_o the_o field_n a_o quartermaster_n and_o a_o provost-martiall_a for_o other_o employment_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v great_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o mention_v high_a officer_n than_o colonel_n my_o principal_a intent_n be_v no_o other_o then_o to_o set_v down_o the_o arm_n and_o exercise_n of_o our_o nation_n in_o the_o say_v unite_v province_n their_o arm_n be_v speak_v of_o their_o exercise_n follow_v first_o both_o pike_n and_o musket_n be_v order_v into_o file_n of_o 10_o deep_a the_o musketeer_n be_v sometime_o place_v before_o sometime_o in_o flank_n sometime_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o pike_n to_o exercise_v the_o motion_n there_o be_v two_o distance_n to_o be_v observe_v the_o first_o be_v when_o every_o one_o be_v distant_a from_o his_o fellow_n 6_o foot_n square_a that_o be_v in_o file_n and_o rank_n 6._o the_o second_o be_v when_o every_o soldier_n be_v 3_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o aswell_o in_o file_n as_o in_o rank_n and_o because_o the_o measure_n of_o such_o distance_n can_v be_v take_v so_o just_o by_o the_o eye_n the_o distance_n of_o 6_o foot_n betwixt_o the_o file_n be_v measure_v when_o the_o soldier_n stretch_v out_o their_o arm_n do_v touch_v one_o a_o other_o hand_n and_o betwixt_o the_o rank_n when_o the_o end_n of_o their_o pike_n come_v well_o nigh_o to_o the_o heel_n of_o they_o that_o march_v before_o and_o the_o measure_n of_o 3_o foot_n betwixt_o the_o file_n be_v when_o their_o elbow_n touch_v one_o another_o betwixt_o the_o rank_n when_o they_o come_v to_o touch_v the_o end_n of_o one_o another_o rapier_n for_o to_o march_v in_o the_o field_n the_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n from_o file_n to_o file_n be_v keep_v and_o of_o 6_o foot_n from_o rank_n to_o rank_n to_o order_v themselves_o in_o battle_n as_o also_o to_o go_v towards_o the_o enemy_n the_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n in_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v observe_v and_o likewise_o to_o conversion_n or_o wheel_a the_o musquettier_n also_o go_v for_o to_o shoot_v by_o rank_n keep_v the_o same_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n but_o go_v to_o skirmish_n they_o go_v a_o la_fw-fr disbandade_fw-mi which_o be_v out_o of_o order_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o sort_n of_o distance_n which_o be_v not_o use_v but_o for_o to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o firm_a stand_n