the pains to be a good Muskettier certainly cannot be idle but hath gained something more to make him capable of such praise To conclude I shall desire the Gentlemen of the Pikes and the Gentlemen of the Muskettiers to go hand in hand in love like dear Brothers and neither of them to envy each other and in so doing God will give a blessing to their undertakings But now fearing I have dwelt too long upon this discourse of the Arms I shall next proceed to set down first the postures of the Pike then the postures of the Musket with all the words of command tending to their Motions after collect them in order in a brief way and then set forth unto you the equality of number that the one Arms hath with the other in the postures as followeth CHAP. III. The Postures of the Pike THE Pike lying on the ground the first word of Command will be Stand to your Arms. Handle your Pike to your Open Order Handle your Pike to your Order Raise up your Pike to your Close Order Charge with the But-end of the Pike at the inside of the right foot your Pike in the left hand drawing your Sword over your left arm Charge to the Front Right Flank Left Flank Reer Order your Pikes and put up your Swords This way of charging to the Horse I have set down as being practised sometimes amongst us in our private Meetings but I conceive it to be of little use to receive a desperate charge of the Horse for by these charges the Souldiers are in so lame and weak a posture that the Horse cannot choose if they come on with a full career but beat the Pikes and Pike-men down to the ground Therefore in my opinion the best way of opposing the horse-Horse-charge is that which we learned of our ever-honoured Captain Major Henry Tillier in the Military Garden which was Files closing to the midst to their closest Order insomuch that there was not above half a foot interval of ground between File and File the Pikes Porting and after closing their Ranks forwards so close that they locked themselves one within another and then charged on Which in my judgment is so secure a way from routing that it is impossible for any Body of Horse to enter therein and farther to my best remembrance I never could meet with any Souldier that hath been a broad upon any service that ever saw any charging of the Pikes at the Foot therefore I will further proceed From Order Advance Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Order as you were From your Order charge to the Front Right Left Reer Order as you were Advance your Pike Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Advance as you were From your Advance charge to the Front Right Left Reer Advance as you were Shoulder your Pike Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Shoulder as you were From the Shoulder charge to the Front Right Left Reer Shoulder as you were Port your Pikes Comport your Pikes Cheek Trail your pikes Comp. as you were From the Comport charge to the Front Right Left Reer comport as you were Cheek your Pikes Trail your Pikes Cheek as you were From the Cheek charge to the Front Right Left Reer Cheek as you were Trail your Pikes from your Trail charge to the Front Right Left Reer Trail as you were Order your Pikes Lay down your Pikes Here is to be observed by this Method an endeavouring to perform all the postures of the Pike from each particular posture only shortning it by degrees leaving out what was before commanded until we come unto the Trial. Yet notwithstanding I spared not the charges but have shewn them from every posture in their due order Next followeth the postures of the Musket wherein in answerableness to the Pike I shall lay them down in full and afterwards contract them in a shorter way CHAP. IV. The Postures of the Musket THE Musket lying on the ground the first word of Command will be as to the Pike Stand to your Arms Take up your Bandiliers Put on your Bandiliers Take up your Match Place your Match Take up your Rest Put the string of your Rest about your left wrist Take up your Musket Rest your Musket Here the Souldier may perform the saluting posture if he shall find any occasion so to do for the honouring of a friend or any Gentleman of worth Poyse your Musket Shoulder your Musket Un-shoulder your Musket and Poyse Joyn your Rest to the outside of your Musket Open your pan Cleer your pan Prime your pan Shut your pan Cast off your loose corns Blow off your loose corns and bring about your Musket to the left side Trail your Rest Ballance your Musket in your left hand Find out your charge Open your charge Charge with powder Draw forth your Scouring-stick Turn and shorten him to an Inch Charge with Bullet Put your scouring-stick into your musket Ram home your charge With-draw your scouring-stick Turn and shorten him to a handful Return your scouring-stick Bring forward your Musket and Rest Poyse your Musket recover your Rest Joyn your Rest to the outside of your Musket Draw forth your Match Blow your Coal Cock Your Match Fit Your Match Guard your Pan Blow the ashes from your Coal Open your Pan Present upon your Rest Give fire brest-high Dismount your Musket joyning the Rest to the outside of your Musket Vn-cock and return your Match Cleer Your Pan Shut Your Pan Poyse Your Musket Rest Your Musket Take your Musket off the Rest and set the Butt-end to the ground Lay down your Musket Lay down your Match Take your Rest into your right hand cleering the string from your left wrist Lay down your Rest Take off Your Bandiliers Lay down Your Bandiliers Here endeth the postures of the Musket from the taking of them up from the ground to make ready and the proceeding in them to the laying of them down again Now if the Souldier will take his Rest into his right hand for to be a support and help to him in his march he must observe the following words of command Lay your right hand upon the Butt-end of your musket The Musket being shouldered you may proceed in these words of command to recover the Rest into the right hand Lay your left arm over your musket Shift your match between the fingers of your right hand Take your Rest into your right hand cleering the string from your left wrist Return your match and take your Rest into your right hand 't will cause you to be in a fit capacity for to march CHAP. V. The Postures and Charges of the Pike to be performed in a shorter way all things acted in order and nothing done twice THE Pike lying on the ground the first word of Command will be Stand to your Arms Handle your Arms Raise up your Pikes to your Open Order Order Close Order From your close Order charge to the Horse Front Right
further trouble or to a half-facing to the right by taking it from the Reer if from that place they shall be opened and so likewise it were a great deal better in the closing of Ranks to close them forwards in respect it is for the more conveniency of their closing then to the Reer For then again they must perform a half facing which is not only unhandsome but troublesome to the souldier All that can be said to maintain it as I conceive in opening Ranks forwards is because they have not room in the Reer which seldome happens so in any exercise if discreetly ordered by him that leads them As for closing of the Ranks backwards I cannot conceive any solid reasons to confirm the same and therefore will pass over it and come to close our Ranks and Files to such Distance from whence they first were opened Files close to the right and left inward to Double Distance Ranks close forwards to Double Distance Files close to the right to your Open Order Ranks close forwards to your Open Order Files close into the midst to your Order Ranks close forwards to your Order Files close to the left to your Close Order Ranks close forwards to your Close Order Files close to the right to your Closest Order Ranks close forwards to your Closest Order Concerning the words of Command for Distances in the openings and closings of Ranks and Files what before is set down may be sufficient for any souldier to use in time of his exercise But now it will be expected to give some reasons for every one of these to shew them in their proper uses CHAP. XXI The use of each particular Distance and at what time to be used WHerefore first note that your distance of closest Order is of chiefest use unto the Pike in these particulars as first Charging against the Horse for that the Ranks then clapping in their left legs behind their Leaders right locking themselves so firm and stedfast one within another which 't were impossible for any Body of Horse to enter in amongst them Secondly it is of excellent use for to maintain a breach and to keep out an enemy Thirdly it is very useful to both Arms at such time when a Commander hath any thing of consequence to discover unto his Company which he may have many occasions so to do as before his Exercise to advise them to silence to observe their words of command and their directions and when they are to fight against an Enemy to perswade and keep them off from fear by assuring them good reasons of hopes of overcoming These or such-like speeches many times a Captain may have just occasion to express himself unto his Company and being at so close a Distance they may more aptly hear his words and obey his Commands But here now by the way too much preaching upon the head of a Company concerning matters of Exercise is too much a dulling of the souldier who rather would fall into action then so to be confounded with much talking Close Order may be of very good use also for most things which have been spoken of the closest Order only here the souldier hath a little more liberty in the handling of his arms by being at a wider distance This distance also is of good use before wheelings because many times upon their moving they are apt to flie out to their proper distance of Order which they alwayes should be at in their wheelings where note if first they were at Order they would flie out to wider distance Order is the distance which the souldier doth fight upon and is to be used skirmishing against an enemy it is also useful at such a time when the Drum shall beat a Troop and that the souldiers are marching to relieve some Court of Guard or making some expedition against an enemy for then they are in a fit capacity of distance for to fight It is also very useful and to be observed upon facings for all intire doublings and for wheelings Order likewise in File and open Order in Rank is to be used at such time when the Drum shall beat a March and the Body upon the moving or marching Open Order is the distance proper for all doublings of Ranks and Files by the half-files or by the bringers-up wherein they have interval of ground sufficient to move in It is also a very proper distance for facings and ever to be observed in time of Counter-marches It is the properest distance for the Ranks to be in upon a march but the Files are then to be at Order as is before exprest The use of double Distance is to be observed at such times when the souldiers shall stand or happen to be in some eminent danger of the Cannon-shot from the Enemy for standing then so thin they may be much preserved from danger it is likewise very good for Inversion and Conversion You may take notice of these brief directions in openings of Ranks and Files when the Files are commanded to Open to the right the left-hand File stands and all the Files take their distance from the left observing alwayes in the motions of Files their Leaders and to move altogether along with them If it be an opening of Files to the left then contrary-wise the right-hand File stands and they take their distance from the right So likewise for closings unto what hand soever they be commanded to close the out-most File is to stand the rest are to move and close to that In opening or closing of Ranks the first Rank is alwayes to stand the rest are to move either opening or closing according as is commanded alwayes observing in their motions their right-hand-men and moving altogether CHAP. XXII Directions of the way and manner of drawing up a private Company THe Postures being formerly described forth the dignity of places in a File and words of Command made known unto the souldier for their several distances It next followeth to shew the joyning of Files and drawing up a Company where first pray mind at such times when the Drums are beating about the Quarters and in several places make Proclamation as by order from their Captain for all Gentlemen Souldiers that are under his Command to repair unto his Randezvous unto such a place and at such an hour then it must be the immediate care of every Officer under his Command punctually at that hour and place thither to repair for the more incouraging of the souldiers as they shall come in and not to stir themselves from thence without some order from their Captain for fear of giving bad examples unto others And when they shall perceive some considerable number of men to come in the Serjeants then may take advice with their Lieutenant and Ensign which of them they will appoint out to draw forth the Muskettiers and which the Pikes and whom they shall make the right-hand File-leader of the Muskettiers and who shall be the left and again who
right and left about Ranks ranking downward to the Reer and ranking as they were 10 Fire losing ground falling off to the right and left about just before the Front of Pikes 11 Now if the Enemy pursue eagerly and that you cannot make a safe retreat marching face all about and fire upon them by way of Extraduction or by half-ranks divided as formerly hath been shewen And thus much likewise briefly concerning Firings to the Reer Firings to the Flanks marching in the next place I shall shew some Firings to the Flanks for performance whereof it will be expedient to bring all the Muskettiers upon one of the Flanks but for order sake I will begin with the Firings from the right Flank 1 Fire to the right and gather up your Files it is to be performed after this manner The outmost File upon the right is to face to the right and to give fire and after to face to the Front and stand until the next File have fired in like manner and then the first File gathers up unto him upon the right even abrest and standing until the third File have faced to the right and fired in like manner and after facing to the Front the other Files moving up in the like way as before and following successively this rule until all have given fire and then to march up and even the Front of Pikes the Muskettiers will stand as at first when they were brought upon the right Flank 2 Fire to the right File-leaders leading up their Files next to the Pikes 3 Fire to the right Bringers-up leading away next the Pikes which being twice done reduceth them 4 Fire to the right leading up on the contrary Flank either by the File-leaders or Bringers-up 5 Fire to the right and leading up by Bringers-up between the Pikes and passing through to their places again doing the same reduceth them 6 Fire to the right and leading up between the Pikes by the Leaders and passing through the Pikes again to the right they will be as at first the like may be done to the left or in some kind to both Flanks at one and the same time 7 Fire to the right by Ranks wheeling and Ranks to rank as they were to the right upon their marching reduceth them 8. Fire to the right by Ranks inverting or filing and upon the March the Souldiers ranking reduceth them 9. Fire to the right Files filing and gathering up their Files to the left reduceth them These Firings being performed marching the next shall be upon a Stand where note you must cast all your Muskettiers upon that Flank where you conceive the Enemy will fall on whether right left or both but for order sake we usually begin with the right wherefore face to the right and proceed as followeth Firings to the right Flank upon a Stand. 1. Fire and fall in the Reer of your selves 2. Fire and flank the Pikes 3. Fire even with the Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves 4. Fire even with the Reer moving forth to the right and left by Ranks falling in the Reer of themselves 5. Fire by extraduction by half-ranks drawn forth and falling Rank after Rank in the Reer of the Pikes after to reduce them as at first cause them to double their Front by Division These Firings may as well be performed to both Flanks as to one the Body being faced accordingly which would make many Firings more but these already set down may be sufficient for any ingenious capacity to work upon for the present observing this rule that in every Firing he shall make use of in time of his Exercise he may reduce them by another which will be more pleasing to the Souldier by reason of the great variety it affords unto them Now now in the last place I know it will be expected that I should speak something of the use of Firings wherefore briefly thus Firings to the Front marching or moving when we either pursue after or approach to an Enemy Firings to the Front maintaining ground when two Bodies encounter one another Firings to the Front losing ground when either we are forced thereunto by necessity or that we do it out of policy to draw the Enemy into a train or snare Firings to the Reer marching when we are pursued by an Enemy yet would continue our March until we have gained some place of importance or advantage Firings to the Reer upon a Stand when we are compelled thereunto by the violent pursuit of an Enemy or else when we have gained a place of advantage of ground or have recovered the Wind or Sun whereby we are the better able to encounter with them Firings to the Flank or Flanks marching when we are assaulted by some Ambuscado secretly placed to hinder our passage or supposing two Armies are marching to one and the same place a River being betwixt them Firings to Flank or Flanks standing when the Enemy chargeth on with a resolution to cut off or divide part of the Army from the other Having thus briefly set down several Firings to Front Reer and both Flanks with their uses either marching or standing I hold it convenient in the next place to give some short directions in time Battail both to the Officers and their Souldiers First that the Drummers have a vigilant eye upon their Commanders whose voices are drown'd by the loud thundring of the Cannon or Muskettiers as also by the neighing of Horses or the lamentable cries of the maim'd and wounded Souldiers at which time the Leaders Staff half-Half-pike or what else he carries in his hand may be sufficient for to instruct them to continue their charge retreat or else to charge home Secondly that the Serjeants be careful in time of Battail that their Souldiers be at their due distance of order both in Rank and File and that upon their Firings whether they be Forlorns either of Files or Ranks drawn forth or otherwise by Divisions they see them neatly and handsomely perform'd by cocking their Matches and presenting something lower then brest-high and after Uncocking and returning them wheeling off either to the right left or both falling in the Reer of themselves or elsewhere as shall be appointed in an orderly manner whereby they may decently come up again to Fire against the Enemy Thirdly that the Souldiers present and give fire upon their Rests not using that slovenly posture of popping their Matches into the Pan their Muskets being on their left sides which is not onely hurtful unto themselves but much endangers their Fellow-souldiers and by so doing they scarce or ever do any execution against an Enemy But here I meet with an objection framed by the Souldiers after this manner Our Rests are of little or no use unto us in time of skirmishing fit they are we confess in the Military Gardens but in time of Battail both troublesome and cumbersome unto us To whom I reply what if they be a little cumbersome at first must
his File into some convenient place apart to exercise them in their several Postures and Charges and after what manner they may fire whether it be to Front Reer or both Flanks Which being performed they are called up to joyn into a Body and commanded to close their Ranks and Files to their distance of Order and the Front doubled to the right and left inward by the half-files distance beforehand being prepared for their moving up The Leader appoints one of the Serjeants to fetch the Colours which being brought up to the head of the Company the Leader for variety sake may spend the chiefest of his time in Firings as followeth The first firing Let the Muskettiers move forward until their Bringers-up range even with the Front of Pikes after let the two outmost Files of Muskettiers move forward until their Bringers-up range even abrest with the Front of the two inmost Files Let the Front or foremost Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then let them face about and move down into their places where they were last then let the two inmost Files of Muskettiers of each Division advance forwards until their Bringers-up range even with the Front of the two outmost Files and then let them give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after face about and march down into their places again where they were last drawn off The second firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand in each Division falling off to the right and left in the Reer of themselves The third firing Let the first Rank in each Division fire as they stand and after move inward in a straight line before the Front of Pikes which gives way for the next Rank to fire in each Division and after to move inward into the Reer of the first Rank and so consequently all the rest to fire in like manner until they have all fired and stand straight before the Pikes The fourth firing Let their Ranks rank outward into the Front and then give fire all entire in one Rank and ranking again as they were The fifth firing Let the half-files of Muskettiers double the Front by Division and give fire by two Ranks together and after to move back again into their places The sixth firing Let the two first Ranks kneel down the other two stand upright and give fire four Ranks together The seventh firing Let the half-files or Pikes to face about and move three paces to your Leader and then Files to double their Depth to the right and left outward of each Arms then let them give fire eight Ranks together after this manner two kneel down two kneeling two stand upright and the two last to be drawn off to the right and left and so to fire all together which being ended command the Pikes by their Files to rank outward into the Front and then open outward to the right and left and charge on in the Front and file again as they were The eigth firing Let the Pikes open their Files from the midst to double distance then command the Muskettiers to face about and move down into the midst of the Pikes then let the half-files face about and let the Muskettiers be at open Order in their Files and the Pikes at Order and then let them give fire first to Front and Reer by Intraduction after this manner Let the first Rank in Front and Reer present and give fire on the ground they stand and presently make ready again the next Ranks may move forward and place themselves three foot before them and fire in like manner and after stand the other Ranks still moving forward into the next Rank until the first have fired and then immediately to clap before them and fire in like manner until all have fired twice over The ninth firing Let them close their Files into the midst to Order and fire on the same ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The tenth firing Let them fire and fall off to the right and left into the midst of Pikes again then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer and when they are clear of the Muskettiers let them close to the right and left inward to Order The eleventh firing Let the Pikes port and let the Muskettiers be drawn forth one whole Rank to the right and another to the left both to Front and Reer give fire and fall into their places again then let the other four be drawn forth in like manner and fire and fall into their places again the Pikes if occasion shall require may again charge on The twelfth firing Let the Muskettiers range to the right and left outward and fire even abrest with the Reer of each Division and move in again into their places The thirteenth firing Let the Muskettiers rank outward and move even abrest with the Front and Reer and there present and give fire and whilest the Pikes are charging on they may rank again as they were and fall in the Reer of the Pikes and make ready again The fourteenth firing The Pikes being retreated into their first ground you may open them to the right and left and then the Muskettiers may move forward and fire two Ranks kneeling down and the other two standing upright then the Pikes may continue their charge till the Muskettiers make ready again and after they may retreat and fall in the Reer of the Muskettiers and close their Divisions inward to Order These firings being all upon a stand and the Muskettiers being now in Front and Reer they may be moved away and may give fire upon the march to Front and Reer after this manner The fifteenth firing Let the first Rank in the Front nimbly advance forward ten paces then present and give fire in which interim the rest will be moved up unto them the others having fallen off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Divisions of Muskettiers the next Rank may give fire in like manner until all have fired thus once over the Reer are to fire at the same time with the Front facing about the last Rank who are to fall off and to place themselves before their own Divisions of Muskettiers The sixteenth firing Let them fire as before and the first Rank of the Front-division to fall off and flank the Pikes to the right the rest of that Division falling off and placing themselves in the Reer of them and likewise the first Rank of the Reer-Division when they have fired let them fall off and range even abrest with the half-files of Pikes and still preserving themselves in their places to be right-hand-men to those which were at first and the rest to give fire and fall in the Reer of them The seventeenth firing Now the Muskettiers being all upon the right Flank let the outmost File face to the right and fire and lead away the Bringers-up between the Muskettiers and the outmost File of Pikes let this be
place your selves before your Leaders Command The right-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men Command Countermarch your Front and Reer into the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left Front-half-files turn off to the right to your Leader Command Countermarch your Flanks into the midst of Files face outward Command Files to the right hand Countermarch maintaining ground Command Ranks to the left hand Countermarch losing ground Command Countermarch your Front and Reer half-files from the midst of Ranks maintaining ground Direction Front-half-files face about and turn off to the left the rest turn off to the right every man moving up into his Leaders ground to your Leader Command Countermarch your right and left half-ranks from the midst of Files losing ground Direction Face inward and turn off every Rank on the ground they stand face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to open Order they are reduced CHAP. XXXIV Eight entire Doublings by Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front to the right entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your left half-ranks and double your right Flank entire to the left Face outward Command Wheel off your Reer half-files and double your Front to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right half-ranks and double your left Flank to the left entire Face outward Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the right entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right half-ranks and double the left Flank to the right entire Face outward Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your left half-ranks and double your right Flank to the right entire Face outward CHAP. XXXV Plain Firings and Figures of Battail The first firing LEt the two outmost Files of Muskettiers upon each Flank advance ten paces before the Front give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down into their places again then face to their Leader Then let the next two Files upon each Flank move away in like manner and fire as the former did and move down into their places again After let the other remaining Files be led forth by the other two Serjeants and give fire as before and fall back again into their places The second firing Let two Serjeants draw four Files upon each Flank and move them away 10 or 20 paces before the Front and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places And whilest they are moving down let the other two Serjeants draw forth the remaining four Files upon each Flank and fire as the former did and after return again into their places The third firing Let all the Muskettiers move forth cleer of the Pikes and let them open from the midst until they stand in four Divisions leaving sufficient intervals for their wheeling into the Reer of themselves first let them fire in each Division falling in the Reer of themselves until they have all fired over two or three times after this kind The fourth firing Let them close their Files before the Front of Pikes into the midst to Order then let the two first Ranks kneel down the next two stoop and the last two stand upright and give fire six Ranks all together then let the left half-ranks of Muskettiers be wheeled about to the left into the Reer of the Pikes and the right half-ranks move to the left until they stand straight before the Front of Pikes The fifth firing Let the half-files face about and let them give fire to Front and Reer after this manner by two Ranks drawn off ten paces before the Front and Reer and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves then facing about let them open outward and give way for the next two Ranks to come forward into their places who are to fire and fall off as the former did the other two Ranks doing the same This firing may be continued as long as the Leader pleaseth The sixth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves The seventh firing Let them rank outward into Front and Reer and give fire all together and rank again as they were The eighth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and flank the Pikes those in the Front flanking the Pikes on the right they in the Reer flanking them on the left after let the Pikes charge on and being retreated into their places let them face all to their Leader and in the next place proceed to Figures of Battail Command Files open outward to open Order Ranks open backward to your open Order then let every four Files close outward to Order and Ranks close to Front and Reer to Order they will stand in twelve Divisions as followeth Command The two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer face about inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in Front and Reer move forward clear of the standing part and stand Pikes face outward Muskettiers upon the Flanks face inward the rest face about to the right move all two paces to your Leader The first firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the reer of themselves then wheel off to the right left into the room of them in the reer they at the same time moving up into their ground firing falling off in like manner as before Then let the Front-divisions upon the Flank fire fall in the reer of themselves and after wheel off to the right and left into the ground of those divisions that stand in the reer of them they at the same time relieving them firing and falling off as before then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat into their places The second firing Let them face to Front and Reer and let the first Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheeling off to the right and left and interchange ground with the next Divisions who are at the same instant of time to move up into their places and to give fire in like manner and to fall off and return where they were before then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer and after retreat into their places and face all to their Leader Command The four last Divisions next to the Reer both of Pikes and Muskettiers face about move down and range even abrest with the Reer Reer-divisions of Muskettiers that are faced to the Front move forward and place your selves three foot short of the next Divisions that stands before you to your Leader Upon this Figure let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left and range
commanding all the Muskettiers to stand and the Pikes to advance their Arms and move forward ten or twelve paces and then to stand and close their Files outward to Order three of their Colours moving with their Pikes to the right hand the other three moving away to the left After he may command Muskettiers to close their Files outward to Order and they will stand in four Divisions two of Pikes and in the Reer of them two of Muskettiers as underneath is set forth the Captains being all upon the head of the Pikes with their Ensigns and the Lieutenants in the Reer the Serjeants attending upon the Flanks of each division This being done command each division of Muskettiers and Pikes to face outward and to move to such convenient distance that being faced to the Front there may be room sufficient upon the subdividing of each division of Muskettiers for their moving up and flanking each body of Pikes After which the Major may assign unto every Captain and Lieutenant his due place of honour as they stand all abrest and that they may also naturally fall into their proper places upon the march which shall be set forth in the next Figure standing in two grand Divisions the one in the Reer of the other which may happen sometimes for want of ground but provided they have ground enough they ought to stand in one even range as in folio 5. The Major after they are thus drawn up in one even range will finde three Files of Muskettiers more in the second grand Division and two of the Pikes then is in the first therefore he must take from thence one File of each Company and add them to nine Files in the Reer which maketh them twelve and then he will have ballanced the divisions equal taking off one File of Pikes and placing it amonst the eldest Captains Pikes CHAP. III. The Reasons follow for the placing of the Captains their Colours and their Lieutenants after the manner before set down WHat hath formerly been declared concerning a Rank or File six abrest or six deep may be satisfactory in some kind unto this point which takes his rule from hence For all private Companies smaller Bodies or single Files must or ought to be as neer as they can conformable to greater Bodies as to Regiments and consequently they to Brigades Therefore take notice that this rule ought ever to be observed in the drawing of Regiments that the right Flank as neer as may be ought to be suitable with the left both in strength number and dignity and likewise to be so when they are drawn forth upon a long march the Front equal with the Reer Now suppose these two grand divisions stood even abrest we will begin to examine the first worth which is the Colonels and the fourth worth which is the eldest Captains and placed upon the right and left of the first grand division with the second and third worth who are the Lieutenant-Colonel and Major drawn up upon the right and left of the second grand division and you shall finde they are every way equivalent in number worth and dignity with that of the first In the next place there are no more to place but the fifth and sixth worth who are the second and third Captains and therefore since it is the first place of honour among the Captains in a Regiment to lead the first Body or Stand of Pikes it must then consequently follow that the second place of honour must be to lead the second grand division of Pikes and therefore the fifth worth is brought into and placed between the second and third that he may stand there to lead the second Body of Pikes wherein the Lieutenant-Colonel the Major and his own Colours are placed so that there remains no more but the sixth worth or youngest Captain to place who is to be drawn up between the Colonel and eldest Captain Now if we shall further proceed to ballance it more cleerly consider them by dividing them by two's in their places as first we will begin with the Colonel the first worth who hath joyned to him the youngest Captain which is the sixth worth and they two make the number 7 then compare the Lieutenant-Colonel who is the second worth unto the second Captain joyn'd with him which is the fifth worth and they make alike the same number after that compare the Major and elder Captain who are drawn up into the midst of the Regiment whose places carry the third and fourth worth and their number is suitable with the rest And thus much may be spoken in general now I shall come more particularly to give further satisfaction both for them and for all the rest and therefore I will give reasons for the placing of the Officers of the first grand division and cleering that the second will quickly be laid open to the view CHAP. IV. More particular Reasons for the placing of the Captains and Lieutenants of the first grand Division IN this grand Division there is the Colonel the eldest Captain and the youngest drawn up into the midst and they having each of them Lieutenants take notice therefore of these reasons for their placing thus That always upon such small Bodies as these the first honour is ever placed upon the right and the second upon the left and that which remains must of necessity be drawn up into the midst they standing all abrest These three Companies being ordered into a right and left Flank and one Stand of Pikes or Van-guard Reer-ward or Main-battail as they may be term'd the reasons follow for the thus standing of the Officers whether marching all even abrest or upon a stand it is the Colonels proper place to be on the head or midst of his grand division which is his chiefest place of security and where he ought to fight for standing there the other may more conveniently repair unto him for their orders as occasion shall require Now the Colonel being a Field-Officer is not absolutely tyed to any one place to fight as the rest are many occasions calling him from thence the eldest Captain therefore is appointed to take charge of the Body of Pikes whether it be upon a March to lead them or upon a Stand to fight them he ought never to forsake them but upon special command from his Colonel or other Field-Officers Now the reason why the first Body of Pikes is the most honourablest place to lead is as I conceive because the Colonels Colours are there flying and besides being the more ancienter Arms far more honour it is to lead them for most commonly the gallantest men of the Infantry desire rather to trail Pikes then to carry Muskets Moreover it hath been a constant practise in most places that the eldest Captain should have that place to lead on foot although many times his Colonel being on horse-back may be a little before him Having spoken of these two it remains to speak something of the youngest Captain
his Majors absence Some are of opinion it would be convenient to place the Lieutenant-Colonels eldest Serjeant there but in my judgement it is very unhandsome to see any Halberdeer either to lead or bring up any Division marching in a Regimental way and rather then I should do it I would let it go unsupplyed but if he shall be there placed to bring up his best way of marching is either with Pallizado or half-pike and not with his Halberd CHAP. VI. The ordering of a Regiment to the long March with the placing of the Officers and the leading of Carriages THe Major giving to every Captain his proper place to march in and what Divisions they are to lead and what to bring up in written notes under his hand commands the Drum-Major to beaâ— a March and so consequently all the rest to take it from him The Souldiers being warned thereby begin to shoulder their Arms and prepare to move the Colonel on Horsback being attended on by his Martial and Quarter-master draws off the first Division of Muskettiers his Captain-Lieutenant being six foot behinde him which Division is brought up by the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up The eldest Captain follows next leading the first Division of Pikes and brought up by his own Lieutenant The next Division of Muskettiers is led by the third Captains Lieutenant and the Reer of the first grand Division is brought up by the third Captain There ought to be full 18 foot of ground betwixt each Division he that brings up a Division ought to be cleer six foot behinde the same and he that leads to be six foot before so that there will be six foot proportion of ground betwixt them both for the better distinguishing of their Divisions the Leaders and Bringers-up thereof And where there is not room sufficient for the marching so many abrest as they are now ordered they must subdivide being careful to preserve their Divisions marching in greater depths at their due distance of open order in rank and order in file For the Serjeants must not presume upon any sub-dividing to bring them down in the Reer of them that march before and keep them intire in all their respective Divisions And it must be their observation to attend upon the Flanks even abrest with those Leaders of Files that were taken off that when there is ground and room enough they more readier know where to finde them and to lead them up again as they were at first Care likewise must be had upon any sub-dividing of the Pikes that there be none of the Colours divided who are in a Regimental way to march all three together according to their first placing These rules and observations concern both grand Divisions Now the first being led away as is before exprest there ought to be sufficient ground betwixt each grand Division for the leading of the Carriages and in the first place there is to be considered that to most Regiments there is allowed two Waggons for the Baggage and Ammunition and two Field-pieces or great Cannon besides other Carriages which more concern the Victual for the Souldiers as occasion shall require now concerning the ordering and securest placing of all these upon the March will be in the midst of the Regiment and to have those which are ordred for their Guard to be Fire-locks or to have Snap-hances for the avoiding of the danger which might happen by the Cole of the Match and being placed where any attempt of the Enemy shall fall on either to Front Reer or either Flank the Cannon may thus be easily drawn forth to fire upon them and all the wood of the Carriages with their Guard to be ordred in the Reer where-ever the assault should happen for their better security and safety The Major in the next place if he please may lead the second grand Division to which purpose he draws off with the assistance of his own Lieutenant the first Division of Muskettiers his Lieutenant being six foot behinde him and so much before the Muskettiers The next that follows is the second Body of Pikes which is led by the second Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant The last Division of Muskettiers is led by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant and the Reer of the whole Regiment is brought up by the Lieutenant-Colonel The Serjeants are to march upon the Flanks attending their own men that when they are to be reduced into Companies they may know more readier where to finde them and according to order they may draw them off to compleat up their Captains Companies As for the Drums the care thereof belongs to the Drum-Major to place and to ease them timely by reliefs to beat as many or as few as he shall think fit to which purpose he orders them to fall in betwixt the second and third Rank of Muskettiers and Pikes of each Division but when they are all even abrest the Drums are placed according as you see them marked The Figure for the long-March in the next place followeth CHAP. VII The first Exercise of a Regiment in the plainest and easiest way THe Major finding the commodiousness of the ground may draw them up all even abrest again and proceed to exercise them in a Regimental way conferring before-hand with the Captains Lieutenants Ensigns and Serjeants what he intends to do Whether he will exercise every Maniple or Division as is usual in a private Company in all their plain Motions and Firings which may be very proper and easily done or otherwise proceed to more variety in every Division to give them commands as one man either to face double or otherwise according to discretion And having fully instructed them of all his intents and purposes he must begin to consider of the best manner for the managing of the same To which end he shall do well to command the first grand Division to advance forward 12 paces clear of the second and after face them to the Front and they will stand in manner as in Folio 147. After he must consider how many Files of Muskettiers there are and whether he can branch them forth into equal Divisions sutable to the Pikes but finding them to stand but 18 of a side he shall do well for time of his Exercise to draw off eight Files of Muskettiers from the Reer which were formerly appointed to guard the Ammunition or Baggage and add two to every Division of Muskettiers which will make them 20 Files of each side of the Pikes and then he may thus proceed Command Files to their open order and Ranks to close forward to order in each grand Division every five Files of Muskettiers of each Division close to the right to order the first six files of Pikes in each grand Division close to the right to order the rest of the Pikes close every five Files to the right to the same distance then there will be in each grand Division four Divisions of Pikes and eight of Muskettiers in manner as
time that his Lieutenant Colonel shall come unto that place and then he is to bring up that Division being near at hand that if his Lieutenant-Colonel should upon some just occasions be called off he may immediatly move up and lead there in his absence For upon the Long-march as the Colonel leads the first grand Division so it is conceived by some they marching in two grand Divisions some twenty paces distance from each other in manner of two regimental Marchings that the Lieutenant-Colonel ought to lead the second Next let the First Division of Pikes be led by the second Captain and to be brought up by the fifth Captains Lieutenant and the second Division of Pikes to be led by the fifth Captain and brought up by the second Captains Lieutenant the last Division of Muskettiers to be led by the Majors Lieutenant and the Reer of the second grant Division being left for the Major to bring up at such time as with conveniency he may be spared Therefore to march thus it being a very good way and with very little alteration to be made I was unwilling to pass it by leaving it to the discretion of every ingenious Souldier to make use of which way he best pleaseth or likes of whilest I in the next place shall set forth the Figure which follows in pag. 161 affording more variety in the same CHAP. XV. How to make the Figure of a Ring with its use and service But methinks I hear some say Of what use or service upon any occasion may this Ring be unto the Souldier To whom I answer that it is one of the most serviceable Figures that can be made to secure the Souldier from danger against the furious charge of Horse in Campania the accomplishing or making of it up being easily and suddenly performed the Muskettiers having Pallizadoes may advance three or four paces and stick them down in such manner as they may keep the Horse from breaking in among them And after if they should be charged round they may give fire over them against their enemies and fall in the Reer of themselves yet nevertheless if the Horse should be undaunted and attempt to come on again they may resist them with a more desperate charge after this manner bringing all hands to fight and to pour out their shot or to fire altogether after this kind Command first the Pikes to move forward until they be three foot behind the Muskettiers then let every File rank to the right which will make them to stand but one abrest in one single Ring behind the Muskettiers Now that all hands may be brought to fight together command the first Rank of Muskettiers to kneel down the second stoop and the third stand upright then let all close forward to close Order and let the Pikes as occasion shall require charge betwixt the Muskettiers who may fire altogether and the Pikes may charge on whilest the Muskettiers make ready again The Pallizadoes formerly stuck keeping off the Horse from breaking in upon them they may fire after this manner as often as they please And so much may suffice to be spoken concerning the service and use that may be made of it in time of fight and now in the next place I come to reduce them into Companies again as at first Let the Pikes that ranked to the right file three to the left as they were and let the Bringers-up that doubled face about to the right and march forth into their places Then let the Major come to that place where he closed the Ring and brake it off wheeling them all along about to the left until he hath brought them to stand in one even Front as at first the same in like manner to be performed of the Pikes and to stand in the Reer of the Muskettiers Next let the Muskettiers and Pikes face outward and move to such convenient distance that after the Muskettiers may be subdivided again and the Pikes move up and double their Front inward entire in each grand Division Which being brought into that form each Captain may draw off his men being so commanded by the Major and compleat up his Company again and be after disposed of to farther duty or to march home to their Quarters according to command And here I shall conclude this Regiment of eight Companies CHAP. XVIII The manner of drawing up a Regiment consisting of ten Companies having in it seven Captains and three Field-Officers being in each particular Company the former numbers which in all amounts unto 1198 men THe Major having ground sufficient for the drawing up the Regiment after the Colonels Company hath made Alt next to him upon the left he draws up the youngest Captain which is the tenth and the next to him the third Captain which is the sixth after that the fourth Captain which is the seventh then the first Captain which is the fourth then the Majors which is the third next to him the fifth Captain which is the eighth and after that the second Captain which is the fifth then the sixth Captain which is the ninth All these being drawn up upon the left of the Colonels Company the closier of all upon the left is the Lieutenant-Colonels Company whose figure carries the number 2. Place now all these numbers of Dignity according to the former Figures and they will stand as followeth in a Rank 2 9 5 8 3. 4 7 6 10 1. 27 28. In the next place compare the Dignity of the right Half-ranks with the left and they are ballanced as neer as can be possible to be equal there being one odd which of necessity must be cast upon the right Half-ranks for the reasons formerly exprest in placing the second Captain into the Lieutenant-Colonels Division Then according to the former rule draw forth the Pikes and ingross them into two Bodies and the like of the Muskettiers after sub-divide the Muskettiers and make them four divisions and move them up to flank the Pikes and then they will be in two compleat grand Divisions In the next place let the Major order forth unto the Captains and Lieutenants their several places to lead and to bring up after this manner There being two grand Divisions having in them five Captains and five Lieutenants it will be necessary to appoint our five several Charges in the first grand Division to lead and five to bring up after this manner As first divide the Van-guard into two Divisions the first to be led by the Captain-Lieutenant and brought up by his Bringer-up the second Division of Muskettiers in the Van to be led by the third Captains Lieutenant and to be brought up by the fourth Captains Lieutenant The first division of Pikes is to have the three first Colours to fly upon the head of them and to be led by the eldest Captain and brought up by the seventh Captains Lieutenant the next division of Pikes to be led by the fourth Captain having his own and the
by the way laying of them secretly in some Ambushments Which being truely considered of care may be taken accordingly of Supplies in other remote places free from the danger of the Enemy To conclude a Quarter-Master ought to carry himself honestly and carefully in his place and to be well skill'd in the Art of Mathematicks that he may the better give Directions for fortifying and measuring of ground quartering of his whole Regiment and in hutting of the particular Souldiers The duty of a Serjeant HE that is a Serjeant to a Company ought to be well skill'd in the Postures and all Military Motions whereby in the first place he may endeavour to correct the errours of such who handle not the Arms in a handsome or a serviceable way And secondly that he may be helpful to his Captain or other Superiour Officer In time of his Exercise his duty is to draw forth the Files according to such depths as shall be appointed unto him by his Captain or other Superiour Officer and to order them in the drawing up and joyning together the Souldiers unto such places of honour as they shall direct him unto In a single Company he leadeth oftentimes a Division but ought not always there to march in respect he is concerned to see that the Souldiers march even in their Ranks at their distance of Order in File and open Order in Rank To which purpose he ought many times to be upon the Flanks and perceiving any Souldier out of order he may cast in his Halbert between their Ranks to cause him to march even abrest with his right and left-hand-men He is likewise either in Field or Garrison to lead his Squadron to their Guard and to carry to prison such Offendours as his Captain or other Superiour Officer shall commit to the Provost-Martial He is to see that the Muskettiers in time of skirmishing present all even abrest with their Matches all cockt giving fire all together in good Order and to direct them how to fall off and rally again in the Reer of their own Divisions His duty likewise is to fetch Ammunition Powder Match and all other Materials for the Company He is moreover every particular evening to attend at the place of Parade or at the Majors Lodging to fetch the Word and carry it to his Captain Lieutenant Ensign and Corporals and likewise as soon as he is come unto his Guard he must direct the Corporals where to set out the Perdues and Sentinels and how to order his Watch. He must likewise make Rounds and if he finde a Sentinel asleep in the Field he is to commit him to the hand of Justice And thus much concerning the duty of a Serjeant Of an Ensign AN Ensign being a Commission-Officer in the absence of his Captain and Lieutenant is Commander in chief of the Company and ought to march upon the head of the same leading them with a Half-pike His Captain and Lieutenant being present and upon a Stand his Colours ought to rest upon his side being held by his right or left-hand and unfurled upon the March his Colours ought to be shouldered taking up the corner-end of them in his right-hand and to let them be half flying the Pikes and Muskets all conforming unto the same Posture Marching through a City for the more grace his Colours may be wholly flying being advanced and held up by his right-hand or resting upon his right side He ought to be a proper man grave valiant and discreet and to be well skill'd in the Postures of the Pike in respect he leads them and they expect from him to be taught the Postures thereof He ought to be well skill'd in all the lofty Figures of the displaying of the Colours above the head and to make use of them according to discretion and command which is not onely a healthfull exercise to his body but also most becoming to him or any other Gentleman or Commander whatsoever that shall sometimes make use of the same although condemned through sloth and ignorance by others who will not take the pains to learn it An Ensign upon a Troop lodging he Colours or in time of skirmishing may fold them up and retreat into the second Rank for the securing of his Colours which he ought to stick by and not to stir from them at such a time although he hazardeth his last drop of blood or makes them his winding-sheet When the General shall pass by or any such man of worth he ought a little to vail his Colours inclining the head or narrow end thereof a little downward but not to bow his knee or uncover his head He may sometimes for his ease or recreation upon the March request some Gentleman of knowing trust of the Pikes to carry his Colours for him until such time as he shall come again for to take them In the absence of his Lieutenant when his Captain shall exercise the Company he may stick his Colours in the ground or deliver them to some Gentleman of the Pikes and fall down himself in the Reer with a Half-pike or Cane there to be an assistant to his Captain in supplying the Lieutenants place except his Captain should command him to the contrary He ought to have a Guard along with him as well to the lodging of his Colours as to any other place He ought to perform all courteous offices for the Souldiers unto his Captain which will gain him both love and reputation amongst them they thereby better respecting him and more couragiously following of him Of a Lieutenant HE that is a Lieutenant to a Company ought to be a good and able Souldier and well to understand the Duty of a Captain in respect that in his absence he is as Captain and Commander in chief over them He is likewise to receive all Orders Charges and Commissions from his Captain assuming no authority unto himself but in the absence of his Captain he is to see all such Orders he hath received duly executed for the better ease unto him He is likewise at such times frequently to exercise the Company in all their Military Motions Skirmishings and False-firings in the pan He is to hold the Serjeants and Corporals strictly to their duty causing them to provide all things necessary for the Company and to be assistants unto him where he shall see cause He is to teach and instruct the Souldiers in the use of their Arms and sometime for their ease he may command every File-leader to draw forth his File and to shew them their postures By which means he shall do such good service to his Captain that when he shall exercise them himself he may find them more apter and readier to fulfil his Commands at which time the Lieutenant ought to be in the Reer and to see all things there truly executed according to the Captains commands He is in time of danger and great importance to advise with his Captain about the welfare of the Company for knowing
passage you may give fire at pleasure and in the ordering of your Gun for this Stratagem let it if possible be parallel with the plain of the Horizon that so it may shoot short especially if the place be stony for the grazing of the bullet among the stones may do more execution then the shot it self but above all have a special care you shoot not wide nor over What hath been said concerning an Enemies passing by Land the like may be done by an Enemies Ship sayling along a River For if you plant your Gun and direct it to some mark as Tree Beakon c. on the other side of the River then when the fore-part of the Ship shall come between your sight and the mark you observed immediately give fire And thus much for shooting in great Artillery The composition making and use of the two Principal Fire-works belonging to WAR viz. THE GRANADO and PETARD I. Of the Granado OF Granadoes there are several sorts some to cast with mens hands others to be shot out of great Guns and others so large that they require a Morter-piece on purpose for the discharging of them Granada The Shell is made of Copper cast in form of a Sphere or Globe allowing half an inch and sometimes more according as the Shell is in bigness for the thickness of the Metal which ought to be cast very exactly to be equally thick in all parts They are to be filled with fine powder they are to have a pipe screwed into them which is to be filled with a slow composition to prime it the composition of which I shall shew you anon These Granadoes are made proportionable to the weight of the bullet belonging to the piece out of which they are to be shot and if they in bigness exceed the bore of a Cannon then they are to be shot out of a Morter-piece II. Of the Petard THese Petards are made of Copper and brass mixed and their dimensions are fitted according to the use for which they were prepared there being three chief uses of them and so many sorts there are viz. Some for blowing up and breaking of bridges Others for Gates that have Perculles belonging to them And the third sort for ordinary Gates The Petard 1. Those for Bridges are commonly eleven inches long and at the breech seven inches and an half about and five inches wide within the Metal at the breech must be one inch and a quarter thick and at the neck half an inch thick besides the muzzle-ring The mouth must be ten inches wide and to the Touch-hole must be added a pipe as in the Figure 2. The second sort for Gates with Perculles must be nine inches long almost half an inch thick at the neck and an inch thick at the breech the mouth must be about seven inches wide and the outside of the breech must be six inches wide and the inside four inches 3. The third sort which is for Gates and Palisadoes must be seven inches long one fifth part of an inch thick at the neck and three quarters of an inch thick at the breech the mouth must be four Inches wide at the outside of the breech it must be three inches and an half and at the inside thereof three inches The Charges for these Petards are to be of the finest powder that can be got beaten hard into the Petard yet not to break the Gun then must it be stopped close in with a Wooden board of about an Inch thick justly fitted thereunto with wax melted to stop the crevise about to keep out water You must not charge it up to the top but leave the breadth of almost two inches empty which must be filled up with tow close stopped in and a linnen Cloath bound about the Petards neck to keep it close in The Touch-hole must be stopped with a Cork and over that a Sear-Cloath to keep it from wet The charge for the greater sort of Petards is five or six pound of powder Those of the second from three to four pounds And for the smallest from one pound and an half to one pound To prime your Petards and Granadoes use this following Composition TAke of fine Powder three parts of Sulphur six parts and of Salt-Peter nine parts beat all of them severally into fine powder and mix them together putting to them Oyl of Peter by little and little till it become a paste dry this leasurely but throughly and with it lade your pipe FINIS The CONTENTS of the Chapters The First Book A Discourse of the Postures and the handling of Arms. Pag. 1 Several reasons why the Pike is the more honorable arms ibid The Postures of the Pike Pag. 2 The Postures of the Musket Pag. 3 The postures and charges of the Pike to be performed in a shorter way all things acted in order and nothing done twice Pag. 4 The Postures of the Musket collected in a brief way Pag. 5 There is also a conformity of posture with the Musket to those of the Pike and words of command to be given as may in many things be received by both arms ibid. The use of the postures of the Pike Pag. 6 The use of the postures of the Musket ibid. How a Muskettier shall perform the Sentinel-posture Pag. 7 The manner and way to do the Funeral-Posture ibid. The reducement of a Musket from the Funeral-posture ibid. The Souldiers desire to know every particular place of Dignity as they stand in rank and file ibid. Reasons for the places of dignity both in rank and file for the first four in a file eight deep Pag. 8 Reasons of the place of the second four as they stand in rank and file the file being eight deep Pag. 9 Other reasons to clear it further to the Souldier ibid. Reasons given for the last Table of every particular place of Honour and Dignity as they stand Pag. 10 Reasons likewise to be given for the Table 12 abrest and 12 deep Pag. 11 Brief reasons to be given of the Dignity of the places of a rank ten abrest and of a file ten deep ibid. What distance is and the reasons for the first beginning of the same with all their several uses Pag. 12 The several sorts of distances which are fit and proper for the Souldier to be exercised in ibid. Words of command for the opening of ranks and files to all their distances with their closings again Pag. 13 The use of each particular distance and at what time to be used ibid. Directions of the way and manner of drawing up a private Company Pag. 14 Several reasons given for the placing of the Serjeants after this manner Pag. 16 Reasons given for the placing the Serjeants and Drums of lesser Companies Pag. 17 A description of a Body of men throughout with all their several parts and kinds Pag. 18 Directions to all such as shall desire to exercise a Foot-Company and admonitions to the Souldiers to be exercised Pag. 20 Of the several
Left Reer Recover your Pikes and put up your Swords Advance your Pikes Charge to the Front Port your Pikes Charge to the Front Shoulder your Pikes Charge to the right Comport your Pikes Charge to the left Cheeke your Pikes Charge to the Reer Trail your Pikes Charge to the Reer After lay the narrow end of the Pike to the ground face about to the left to your first Front and move forward with the butt-end of your Pike on your right side in your Funeral posture After face about to the right raise up your Pike face then again to your first Front you may lay down the Pike to the ground and march from your arms having ended all the postures charges in their due courses And here Fellow-Souldier whoever thou art thou maist perceive that there are no more then eight Postures of the Pike and four Charges that is to say to the Front Reer and both Flanks There are some would fain have another posture added to these which they call the Lazie posture which somtimes I have perceived upon a Stand that then the Pike-man le ts slip his Pike from the shoulder until the butt-end rest upon the ground then laying his right arm over it he stands in an ill-favour'd lazie way Such postures as these are not fit to be ranged among the former but rather to be condemned in regard the Souldier will be apt enough to find out such postures as these of himself if not prevented by the discretion of the careful Officers for upon a Stand the Souldiers properest posture is to Order his Pike And thus much in brief concerning the postures of the Pike CHAP. VI. The Postures of the Musket collected in a brief way ACcording to my former promise I shall endeavour to give the best satisfaction I can to the Muskettiers as well as to the Pikes that there is an answerableness of number in the proper postures of the Musket to them of the Pike and they are eight as I conceive and may be proceeded on in order from the taking up to the laying down of the Musket and nothing acted twice The words of Command for the postures followeth Stand to your Arms Handle your Arms. Now you are to take notice that in taking up the Bandiliers putting them on taking up the Rest putting the string about the left wrist the taking up of the match placing of it the taking up of the musket these or the like are no postures but motions to the first posture Therefore I will proceed upon them all in order as they lie leaving out the words of command tending to the Motions 1 Order your musket 2 Rest your musket 3 Poyse your musket 4 Shoulder your musket 5 Ballance your musket and Rest on the right side with the barrel upwards 6 Trail your Rest and ballance your musket on the left side with the barrel downwards 7 Recover your musket and perform your Sentinel-posture 8 From this perform your funeral-posture This being ended a man may recover his musket and rest that knows how to perform this last posture without bringing him again upon the Rest and may lay down his Arms again observing the former Rule where the postures of the musket are set down at large CHAP. VII There is also a conformity of Posture with the Musket to those of the Pike and Words of Command to be given as may in many things be received by both Arms. THe musket and pike lying on the ground these words of Command may properly be imployed to both That is to say Stand to your Arms Handle your Armes The butt-end of the musket standing or resting on the ground at the outside of right foot is conformable to the Pike ordered The musket poysed to the pike advanced The musket shouldered to the Pike shouldered The musket porting to the pike porting The musket reverst as in the funeral-posture to the Pike trailing The musket rested to the pike cheeked which is his proper sentinel-posture The musket presented to the pike charged As for the motions of posture which conduce to the lading and priming of the musket as to cast about trail recover and the like they are all included in that general word of Command properly to the muskettiers belonging which is to make ready Now methinks I hear some ingenious Souldier begin to ask me What are the use of these postures so fully laid down by you To whom I shall be so courteous as to satisfie them according to my former Method beginning with the Pike as followeth CHAP. VIII The use of the Postures of the Pike The use of Ordering the Pike THe Pike being ordered is the proper posture of a Souldier upon a stand which he ought ever to mind upon any such occasion so to make use of it And I have likewise seen in many places in the day-time this posture to be used by the Souldier standing sentinel The use of Advanceing the Pike The Pike advanced is useful for the Souldier upon a Troop when they are to march swiftly either for the relieving of some Court of Guard or to repair to their place of Randezvous or upon some sudden approaching to an Enemy to make a Charge for then he will be in a fit capacity to clap down quickly his pike upon the breast of the Enemy It is likewise very useful in the time of exercise to the half-files and bringers up upon any doubling to the Front for then they are always to be advanced in respect of a longer march in their doublings then those that double ranks and files but having doubled they must always conform in posture to the part doubled The use of Porting The use of Porting was invented for the ease of the reer half-files upon a charge for the front half-files are only for to charge the reer half-files in the mean time are to port It is likewise very useful at such times when the souldiers are marching through a gate or sally-port from whence I conceive it doth derive its name porting The use of Shouldering The use of shouldering the pike is only properest upon the march in some kind very useful upon a stand in time of Fight provided they are at convenient distance from the Enemy For it much preserveth the pikes and pike-men from the danger of the shot the bullets then gliding off from their Arms which if they stood at such times either ordered or advanced the bullets would make such a clattering amongst the Pikes that what with breaking of them and the shivers flying from them may much endanger the souldiers which carry them The use of Comporting The comporting of the Pike is only useful to the souldier marching up a hill for if then he should be shouldered the butt-end of the Pike would always be touching of the ground to hinder him in his march and much endanger his fellow-souldiers that shall come after him Neither can he march advanced for if there should be any
the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man Direction The first Rank stand the rest move away to the right successively into the Front placing themselves on the outside of their right-hand-men Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the left every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man the first twelve upon the left are to stand the rest are successively to fall in behind the first Rank placing themselves as before commanded or Ranks rank as you were placing your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Command Ranks rank entire to the left into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Direction The first Rank stand the rest move away to the left successively placing your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man or Ranks rank as you were every man placing himself as before Command Ranks rank outward into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction The first Rank stand the rest move forth to the right and left and successively to fall into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man the twelve middle men are to stand the rest are to move to the right and left inward six to one hand and six to the other making twelve in Rank and falling behind the first Command Ranks rank inward into the Front every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double Distance the first Rank of each Division is to stand the rest are to move successively to the right and left inward into the Front making one entire rank Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man the first Rank of each Division stand the rest move to the right and left outward ranking as before commanded falling successively in the reer of the first rank and after to close their Divisions CHAP. XLI Files ranking into the Front by Wheeling Command FIles rank to the right into the Front by wheeling The Files are to be at double distance and ranks at close a Order Direction Face to the right and wheel to the left until they stand even abrest in one entire Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the left by wheeling face all to the Reer and the first six men then upon the right wheel to the right and so consequently all the rest wheeling by fixes to the right their Leaders that were before being the hinges of the motion and after face to their Leader Command Files rank to the left into the Front by wheeling Direction Face to the left and wheel to the right until they make all one entire Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right by wheeling face to the Reer and the six outmost men upon the left wheel to the left the next six are to follow and consequently all the rest until they have made twelve Files as at the first and after face to their Leader Command Files rank outward into the Front by wheeling Direction Right and left half-Ranks close into the midst to Order and face outward wheeling to the right and left until you are one entire Rank Reducement Rank file six to the right and left inward by wheeling face about to the right and the twelve middlemost men are to wheel to the right and left inward and the rest are likewise to do the same by Sixes until they have made themselves into twelve Files after face to their Leader Command Files rank inward into the Front by wheeling Direction Right and left half-Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and wheel to the right and left inward until they are all in one Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks File six to the right and left outward face all about and wheel by Sixes to the right and left the Leaders being the hinges of the Motion after face to the Front and right and left half-Ranks may close into the midst again to their double distance Here endeth the ranking into the Front with all their several kinds the Reer challengeth next place but I shall spare the pains and labour to set them down in regard that he who hath a mind to rank his men thither may if he please make use of all the former words of Command for the performance of the same facing them upon every Command to the Reer I come therefore in the next place only to mention the ranking into the midst by Ranks and Files which may likewise be performed by the former words of Command provided they have convenient distance and be faced to the midst and after the Command is executed to face them to their first Front Yet there is remaining a ranking unto all these places at once for the performance of which observe these few words of Command following CHAP. XLII Ranks ranking or Files ranking at one and the same time into Front Reer and Midst They are to stand at Order in Rank and File Command RAnks rank outward into the Front Reer and Midst Direction The two last Ranks are to face about the first Rank and the last Rank and the third Rank from the Front are to stand the other three are to move forth six to the right and six to the left until they have ranked unto all these places after face to the Front and the last Rank moving f r ward to open Order Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward the last Rank face about the twelve middlemost men of each Rank are to stand the six outmost men of each Rank are to face inward to move and fall into the right and left behind the middlemost men after the two last Ranks are to face to the Front Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst Direction Right and left half-Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance the two last Ranks face to the Reer the first and last Rank and the third Rank from the Front stand the rest move to the right and left inward ranking into Front Reer and Midst after that the last Rank is to face to the Front and to close forward to open Order Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward the last Rank face about and the outmost six men upon each Rank are to stand and the middle men are to divide themselves six to the right hand and six to the left and to fall in the Reer of the first last and middle Rank after the last Rank is to face to the Front and then to close Ranks and Files
to their Order Ranks ranking by Countermarch Command Ranks rank outward into the Front Reer and Midst every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction The two last Ranks face about the first and last Rank and the third Rank from the Front stand the rest move forth to the right and left ranking into Front Reer and Midst placing themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men face to your Leader Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward placing your selves on the inside of your right and left-hand-men the last Rank face about the twelve middlemost men in each Rank are to stand and the outmost six men in each Rank are to move to the right and left inward placing themselves in the Reer of the former Ranks and on the inside of their right and left-hand-men facing to their Leader Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Right and left half-Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance standing then at Order in each division in Rank and File the two last Ranks face about and the first last and third Rank from the Front stand the rest move inward placing themselves on the inside of their right and left-hand-men after the last Rank may face about and move forward to open Order Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man the last Rank face about the six outmost men of each Rank stand and the twelve middlemost men in each Rank are to divide themselves six to the right and six to the left falling in the Reer of the outmost men placing themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men after face to the Front and Ranks and Files close to the midst to Order Of Files ranking into Front Reer and Midst Command FIles rank outward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The two last Ranks face about the first last and third Rank from the Front stand the rest move to the right and left after the manner of doubling of Ranks and rank to Front Reer and Midst as before commanded and after the last Rank face to the Front closing forward to Order Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward the last Rank face about and the even men from the midst of Files are to fall in behind the odd after the manner of doubling Files to the right and left inward and after the two last Ranks are to face to the Front Command Files rank inward into Front Reer and Midst Direction They standing at the distance of Order in Rank and File command right and left Half-ranks to open from the Midst something more then to open Order after the two last Ranks are to face about and the first last and third Rank from the Front are to stand the rest are to move to the right and left inward after the manner of doubling Ranks to the right and left inward after the last Rank is to face to the Front and to close forwards to open Order Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward the last Rank face about and every man from the Flanks is to move outward after the manner of doubling Files to the right and left outward then the two last Ranks are to face to the Front and the whole Body may close their Ranks and Files into the Midst to Order CHAP. XLIII Of Files ranking by Wheeling Command FIles rank outward into Front Reer and Midst The Ranks must be at Close Order and the Files at Open Order for these three words of Command following and it would be better to divide them into three Divisions that is to say between every two Ranks to have some six foot of ground interval that they may more distinctly perform the same by Wheeling Direction The two last Ranks face about after face all outward and wheel to the right and left by two and two until they be ranked into Front Reer and Midst the last Rank may after move forwards unto the same distance the former stands at being first faced to their Leader Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward by wheeling the first two Ranks face about and then every particular Rank to wheel by two and two towards the midst of Files until they have made twelve Files as at first and after face all to the Front Command Files rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst something more then to open Order the two last Ranks of each Division face about after face all inward and wheel by two and two to the right and left until they have ranked into Front and Reer and Midst to the right and left inward the last Rank is after to face to the Front taking his distance conformable to the rest Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward by wheeling the two first Ranks face about and each particular Rank is to wheel by two's towards the Flanks until they have made twelve Files as at first after facing all to the Front and closing their Ranks and Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank inward into the midst by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and let them know that the Bringers-up of the Front Half-files and the Half-file-Leaders are the hinges of the Motion after face them to the Front and they will be in two Ranks Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward by wheeling the last Rank face about and both Ranks wheel to the right and left by threes until they have made twelve Files as at first after face all to the Front and close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank outward into the Front and Reer by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks close into the midst to Order after face outward and wheel to the right and left the Bringers-up and the Leaders are the hinges of the Motion and when they are brought into two Ranks one in the Front and the other in the Reer face them to the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward by wheeling the first Rank face about and both Ranks are to wheel by threes towards the midst of Files until they have filed according unto Command after facing to their Leader evening their Ranks and straightning their Files And thus much of Conversion or Ranks ranking or Files ranking they having more variety in them then many times can be useful except it be to present unto the Souldiers some things that are new in the Motions which many times they love to see I could upon this Subject have much more enlarged my self but conceiving what is already set down may be sufficient for
the knowledge of any intelligible Souldier I come therefore briefly to treat of Inversion or of Ranks filing and Files filing CHAP. XLIV Of Ranks filing or of Files filing or of Inversion with their several sorts and kinds Command FIles file to the right Direction The right-hand File is to move away clear of the standing part and after the next File to fall in the Reer of the first and consequently so all the rest until they become one File Reducement File-leaders lead up your Files to the left or Files file six to the left Command Files file to the right entire advancing Direction The right-hand File stand the rest move away successively placing themselves in one direct File before the Front Reducement Files file six to the right into the Reer face all about or Files file six to the right towards the Front Command Files file inward into the right Flank Direction Half-files face about and the outmost Files then upon the left as they are so faced are to move away forward and consequently all the rest are to fall in behind them the like is to be performed by the Front the outmost File at the same time is to move away and the rest successively falling in until they have made one entire File after they are to face to the Front Reducement Front Half-file file three to the left Reer Half-file face about and file three to the right face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Files file to the right by Division Direction Half-files face about the outmost File upon the right is to stand the rest are to move forward and to place themselves successively into one entire File going forward after each other and after face to the Front Reducement Front-half-files file three to the right and Reer-half-files face about and file three to the left face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Ranks file to the right every man placing himself behind his right-hand-man Ranks filing by way of Counter-march Direction This may be done marching or standing if marching the right-hand-man of the first Rank doth first move away the rest in the same Rank do fall in behind him and consequently all the rest until they make one intire File if upon a Stand the Ranks are to open backward to such a Distance as they may conveniently fall into one File Reducement Files rank 12 to the left or Files rank as you were Command Ranks file to the right advancing every man placing himself before his right-hand-man Direction The outmost File stand The Ranks are to be at twice double Distance the Files at order the rest are to move forward with their right leg placing themselves before the right-hand-man Reducement Files rank 12 to the left or Files rank as you were Command Ranks file to the right every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction The Half-files are to face about onely the right-hand-file is to stand the rest are to move forward filing to the right Flank every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up face to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files rank 12 to the right Reer-half-files face about and rank 12 to the left face to your Leader close your Divisions Command Ranks file inward into the right Flank every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files face about Front and Reer-half-files are to march to such convenient distance as the Ranks may fall into the midst of the right Flank after they are to face about or to face to the midst of Ranks and then they are to move forward into the right Flank every man placing himself as before commanded and after face to their Leader Reducement Front-half-files rank 12 to the left Reer-half-files face about and rank 12 to the right face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Files file to the right every man placing himself behind his Bringer-up Files fâ—ling by way of Counter-march Direction The outmost File stand the rest face about and move forward each particular File to the left placing themselves behind their Right-hand-file and their Bringers-up Reducement Files file six to the left every man placing himself before his Leader Command Files file to the right every man placing himself before his Leader Direction The Right-hand-file stand the rest move forwards every File successively placing themselves before their Leaders and their Right-hand-file Reducement Files file six to the right into the Reer every man placing himself before his Bringer-up face all about the last six men stand the rest are to move and to file six to the right placing themselves before their Bringers-up and after to face to the Front Command Files file to the right Flank by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files face about the Right-hand-file is to stand the rest are to move forward to the right Flank placing themselves before their Leaders and their Bringers-up making one intire File to the right face to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files face about and file three to the right every man placing himself before his Bringer-up and Reer-half-files file three to the left placing your selves before your Leaders face to your Leader Command Files file inward into the right Flank every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files move forward until there be sufficient Distance to file into the right Flank after face them about to the midst of Ranks then the files may move successively into the right Flank placing themselves before their Leaders and their Bringers-up face to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files file three to the left every man placing himself before his Leader and Reer-half-files face about and file three to the right every man placing himself before his Bringer-up face to your Leader and close your Divisions CHAP. XLV Ranks wheeling into the Flanks They ought to be at twice double Distance in rank and at Close order in file Command RAnks wheel to the right into the right Flank Direction Every particular Rank is to wheel to their right hand until they have brought their Aspects unto the right Flank after face to the Front Reducement Files rank 12 to the right the first man is to stand the rest are to move forward to the right successively 12 in a Rank to the right Command Ranks wheel to the left to the right Flank Direction Face all about and Ranks wheel to the left until you have brought your Aspects unto the right Flank face to your Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the left the first man is to stand the rest are to move forwards making up 12 abrest to the left until they have made six Ranks as at first Command Ranks wheel outward to the right Flank Direction Half-files face about the first three Ranks wheel to the right and the three last Ranks wheel to the
6 7  2 3   4     5   Command The Middle-rank double inward File-wise and move a little forward  1   8  7  6 6  3  4   5  Command Half-file of the middle file double your Front to the left Front-division face to the right and move one pace to your Leader  4 1   5 8  7   2 6   3 Command The left-hand-File in the Front face about and march clear of the Reer face to your Leader The middle File double to the left Rank-wise Files close into the midst to Order Files rank outward into the Reer and then begin from the right to wheel them about to the left in a Ring   1    2  8  3    7  4  6    5   Command Files close into the midst to Order the first Rank close inward to colse Order the third Rank open outward to open Order the last man in the Reer move even abrest with the Rank that is before you    1      2  8    3    7  4   5   6 Command Files open to the right and left until you stand straight with your Bringers-up the rest moving forwards until they have ranged even abrest with the first man 2 1 8 3  7 4 5 6 Command Angle-men face to the four Angles the middle-men in the outmost Files face inward the middle-man in the Front face about march ail three paces Face to your Leader 2    8   1    3  7    5   4    6 Reducement The last man in the Reer of the middle File face about middle File march clear of the standing part Files close into the midst to Order the last man in the Reer fall in the Reer of the right-hand-File the first man in the Front move to the left and fall in the Front of the left-hand-file close your Ranks and Files forward to Order and make an even Front Files double your depth to the left every man falling behind his bringer-up reduceth them CHAP. LXIX The way to make twelve several Figures of Battail with a File ten deep with their Reducement Command FAce to the right and wheel your Front into the midst Face after to your Leader 5 4 3 2 1 6 7 8 9 10 Command The last men in the Reer of the outmost Files face about outmost Files move clear of the standing part face inwards and close your Divisions to your Leader  5  1  4  3  2 7  8  9  6  10  Command The last man of the middle File and the last Rank face about the first Rank and the last Rank and the middle File move forwards two paces the rest open outward two paces to your Leader  5  1    3   4    2 7    9   8    6  10  Command The last man in the Front-division advance forward three foot before the Front the first man of the Reer-division face about and move three foot behind the Reer the outmost Files double ranks inward Ranks close forwards to Order and face to your Leader    3      5  1   4 7    9 2   6  10      8    Command The first man in the Front face about the last man in the Reer stand the rest face outwards march all until the first and the last man meet face all to your Leader middle-men double to the Right rank-wise and close outward to Order  5   1  4 7 3 8 9 2  6   10  The two middle-men in the Body face about and move cleer of the Reer three foot face to your Leader middle-men of the outmost Files close inward to order  5   1  4  7 9  2  6   10    3 8   Command Middle-man upon the right of the second Rank advance forward three foot before the Front the three first men in the Front and middle-man of the second Ranks move forwards three paces the rest closing inward one pace    9      5  1      7    4      2  6    10    3  8   Command The last Rank open outward to double distance and the next Rank open outward to open Order and the third Rank from the Reer to close inward to Order     9       5    1       7        4  2     6      10  3        8 Command The second man from the Front face about move down and range even with the Reer outmost men of the last Rank advance forward and range even with the second Ranks from the Front the last Rank move forwards until they have exceeded three foot the next Rank that stands before them Divisions on the Wings face outward move two paces to your Leader     9        5  1     6      10  3  4    2  8     7     Command Front-division face about and march down even with the Reer the last man move forwards to order to your Leader  6   9   10  3  4 5  1 2  8     7     Command Middle-division advance forward cleer of the standing part Divisions in the Reer close inwards to order wheel your Reer into the midst to your Leader    9      5  1      7     4    2  6      10  3    8  Command The last Rank close inward to order and to double to the left File-wise the second man from the Reer move forwards into the second Rank that is before you    9      5  1      7     4  3  2  6      10    8    Reducement The first man in
ought to meddle with his File in matter of motions without consent of the superior Officers neither ought the Leader either through favour or out of malice when all the Files are joyned into one compleat Body to Countermarch the Files and after proceeding to other Motions depriving thereby the Leaders thereof of their due honour for else why just in the time of Exercise or Marching should one single File as the right or left be Countermarched if he bore not malice to some thrusting them by this unsouldier-like way out of their places and through favour or affection often times putting men of little desert into their places To leave this discourse not pleasing to some let the Commander draw forth one File of Pikes and double it by the Half-file and send a Serjeant to fetch the Colours and after closing his Ranks and Files to Order he may begin to make some alteration in the exercising of them in their Motions spending his time altogether upon Inversion and Conversion CHAP. XIII Thirty several Words of Command of Inversion and Conversion Command RAnks rank entire to the left into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the left and successively move into the Front Command Ranks rank four to the left Direction The first four upon the left stand the rest face to the left and by fours fall successively behind the first four upon the left Command Files rank outward into the Front Direction The inmost Files stand the rest open outward to double distance and after rank outward into the Front Command Ranks file three to the right and left outward by wheeling Direction The three outmost men upon the right and left wheel to the right and left outward the rest doing the like by threes after close into the midst to Order and face to their Leader Command Files rank inward into the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and move to the right and left inward into the Reer to your Leader Command Ranks file six to the right and left outward advancing Direction The outmost man upon the right and left stand the rest move outward until they be six in a File and the next outmost men are to stand the other doing the like and after close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank inward into the midst of Ranks Direction Front Half-files face about and right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to double distance the rest open outward to Order and move to the right and feft inward to the midst of Ranks to your Leader and close Files inward to Order Command Ranks file 12 to the right and left inward every man placing himself before the Leaders and Bringers up of the middle Files Direction Ranks open backward to double distance the middle File stand the rest advance forwards and file twelve to the right and left inward placing themselves before the Leaders and Bringers-up of the middle Files Command Files rank six to the right and left inward Direction Files open from the midst to double distance and move three to the right and three to the left inward until you have made four Ranks six abrest after close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks rank outward into Front and Reer every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Half-Files face about and rank to the right and left outward into Front and Reer as is commanded face to your Leader and close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks file 12 to the right and left inward every man placing himself behind the Leaders and Bringers-up of the middle Files Direction Ranks open backward to double distance the middle Files stand the rest move side-ways to the right and left and place your selves behind the Leaders and Bringers up of the middle Files Command Files rank six to the right and left inward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The three last Ranks of the Front and Reer Half-files face about and Files open outward to double distance and move to the right and left inward into Front Reer and Midst making four Ranks six abrest after face to your Leader and close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks rank outward into the Midst Direction Front Half-files face about and move outward and rank to the Midst and face to your Leader Command Ranks wheel to the right and left outward Direction Half-files face about and wheel to the right and left outward into both the Flanks face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank six to the right and left outward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The three last Ranks of the Front and Reer Half-files face about and rank outward three to the right and three to the left into Front Reer and Midst face to your Leader and close Ranks and Files to their distance of Order Command Ranks file to the right entire advancing Direction The outmost File stand the rest move forward and file to the right entire advancing Command Files rank three to the right Direction The first three men from the Front rank three to the right the rest successively doing the same closing Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks wheel to the left Direction Ranks open backward to open Order and wheel to the left Command Files rank six to the left Direction The first six men rank six to the left the rest successively doing the same until they have made four Ranks six abrest then close Ranks forwards to Order Command Ranks rank outward into the midst every man placing himself on the outsidst of his right and left-hand-man Direction Front Half-files face about and Front and Reer Half-files rank outward into the midst placing your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men face to your Leader Command Ranks wheel three to the right and left outward Direction The last Rank face about and wheel by threes to the right and left outward towards both Flanks face to your Leader and close Files to the right to Order they will stand four abrest and six deep Command Files file outward entire advancing Direction The outmost File stand the rest advance forward and place your selves before the outmost Files after close Files into the midst to Order Command Files file to the right Direction The right-hand-File stand the rest face about and fall in the Reer of your right-hand-File to your Leader Command Files file twelve to the right Direction The first twelve stand the other move forward filing twelve to the right Command Files wheel inward into Front and Reer Direction Files open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and wheele six to the right and six to the left until you have made two Ranks twelve abrest face to your Leader and close Ranks forwards to Order Command Ranks wheele inward to both the Flanks Direction Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance the first Rank face about the first and the
The second firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Wings advance forward even abrest with those in the Front and Fire altogether the three Divisions falling in the Reer of themselves and after the outmost Divisions facing about and moving into their places again The third firing Let the Front-Division of Muskettiers face about move down and double the middlemost by division after let the Muskettiers face outward and move three paces and give Fire to both the Flanks falling off to the right and left the middle-divisions making good their ground and firing in like manner falling off Having Fired twice over to both the Flanks face them to their Leader and draw forth the outmost Files of Muskettiers of the middle-division before the Front of Pikes and close their Files inward to Order Command Reer-division of Pikes face outward and move two foot cleer of the standing part to your Leader The first firing Let the first division of Muskettiers give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after wheel about and fall in the midst of the Reer and range even abrest between the outmost divisions of Pikes after face to their Leader The second firing Let the three other divisions advance forwards altogether three foot before the Front and give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes charge on and the Muskettiers still preserving their ground making ready again whilst the Pikes retreat into their places The third firing Let them give Fire again in like manner the Pikes charging on and retreating as before then let the last divisions of Pikes move inward in a streight line with the outmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Front and they will stand as followeth The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves this may be performed twice then face to the Front and Reer the last Rank of the middle-division is to face about the first Rank are to continue their Aspects unto the Front The second firing Let the Pikes port to Front and Reer and the Muskettiers give Fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves and after the Pikes may charge on and retreat again they may continue this Figure twice the Pikes charging and after face to their Leader Command Reer-divisions of Pikes face about and move three paces and face to their Leader Front-divisions of Muskettiers face about and move down into the midst as before interchanging ground with the Reer-division of Muskettiers the two last Divisions of Pikes move outward until they be two foot clear of the next range of Muskettiers middle Division of Muskettiers move backward even with the Reer Division of Muskettiers to your Leader Upon this Figure face the three last Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers to the right about and let them give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may afterwards charge on to Front and Reer and retreat back again into their first places they may perform this firing twice the Pikes likewise charging up before and retreating into their places again face all to their Leader And now it will be expedient having almost tired the Muskettiers with these several Firings to end our fourth Exercise and lodge the Colours but first we will reduce them Reducement The outmost Division of Muskettiers on the right move forward and fall in the Reer of them in the Front Reer Division of Muskettiers move forward and fall in the Reer of the left Division of Muskettiers then let them move straight forwards and joyn with them in the Front and close the Pikes into the midst to Order and their Ranks forward to Order let the Pikes double the Front inward entire and after Files to double to the left entire advancing closing Files inward to Order they are reduced CHAP. XVI The Fifth Exercise with four Files Eight deep THe Souldiers having made timely appearance according to the Drums summoning unto such places as was appointed by their Commander and being by the Serjeants drawn forth into Files the Leaders thereof being permitted to instruct and teach their Files the Postures and handsome handling of their Arms are forthwith by warning of the Drum to lead up their Files and being joyn'd in a Body according to the discretion of the Superior Officers do there stand silently expecting what will follow The Captain or other that shall Exercise them first commands the Bringers-up to double their Front to the left and after appoints one of the Serjeants to fetch the Colours to which purpose he draws off the two inmost Files of Pikes and advancing their Arms the Drum beating a troop they may move away and bring them to the Company being led thither by the Ensign the Serjeant falling in the Reer of the Pikes and they falling into their places again they may be commanded Files to double their depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Now the former days Exercise being chiefly spent in the Motions by several Firings they may be spar'd in this and in lieu thereof the Leader may out of the former plain Doublings collect one that may continue long in exercise before reduced and in this Exercise he shall not need to trouble himself with Counter-marches or Wheelings but fall immediately alone upon the Motions with this Doubling or the like as followeth CHAP. XVII Thirty several Doublings with their Reducements Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Half-files advance your Arms and move to the right and left outward and double the Front Command Double your Files outward entire advancing Direction Even files from the Flanks move forward and double the odd and after close Files into the midst to Order Command Half-files double your Front to the right entire Command Right Half-ranks double the left Flank to the right Direction Face to the left right half-ranks move forward and double the left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the right entire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front inward entire Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank to the left Direction Face to the right left half-ranks advance your Arms and move forward to the left and double your right Flank Command Double your Ranks to the left entire Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front inward entire Direction Front half-files face outward and march clear of the standing part to your Leader half-files move forward and double the Front inward entire Command Right half-ranks double entire the depth of the left Flank Direction Left half-ranks stand right half-ranks face about and march clear of the standing part then face to the right and move forward even with the left Flank to your Leader Command Front half-files double
before his Leader Command Double your Ranks to the left into the Reer face all about Command Double your Files to the right advancing Reducement Files rank to the right into the Front Ranks file eight to the right reduceth them Next followeth to make every man File-leader according unto dignity with their Reducement Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right intire advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Files double your depth to the right Command Ranks to the right double Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Command Double your Files to the right by division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the left following your Leaders Command Double your Files to the left by division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Command The two first and the two last Ranks double the four middlemost Ranks to the right following your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction The four middle-ranks stand the File-leaders are to turn off to the right and the next Rank is to follow them until the Leaders Rank even with the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and at the same instant of time the Bringers-up are to move forward to the right the rest following until the Bringers-up range even abrest with the Half-file-leaders to your Leader Command Files double your depth to the left Reducement Half-files double your Front to the right Bringers-up double your Front to the right Then divide every four Files distinctly apart making five divisions Files double to the right and left inward in each division and close Files into the midst to Order Files double to the left intire advancing reduceth CHAP. XXVIII Eight several Counter-marches with their Reducement Command FIles to the right-hand Counter-march maintaining ground Command Ranks to the left-hand Counter-march losing ground Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files into the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left and Front-half-files turn off to the right until they meet the Front and Reer into the midst to your Leader Command Right and Left-half-ranks Counter-march into the midst of Files Direction Face outward Right-half-ranks turn off to the right Left-half-ranks turn off to the left to your Leader Command Files to the left-hand Counter-march losing ground by following your Leaders Command Ranks to the right-hand Counter-march maintaining ground Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files to the right and left following the Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files Direction Half-files face about the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and the Half-file-leaders are to begin the motion the rest are to follow until they have gained so much ground beyond the Front and Reer as they formerly possest in the midst to your Leader and close your divisions Command Counter-march your Half-ranks to the right and left by following of the inmost files Direction Face outward the inmost Files are to begin the motion moving forward the rest following until they have gained so much ground beyond the Flanks as they formerly possessed in the inmost Files to your Leader and close Files into the midst to Order they are reduced CHAP. XXIX Ten several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel the Battail off by Division from the Front Command Wheel the body off by Division from the right Flank face to the right Command VVheel the Battail off by Division from the Reer face about Command VVheel the body off by division from the left Flank Command VVheel your Battail inward to the Reer from the Front Close Ranks forward to close Orderr and Files into the midst to close Order Direction Open outward to convenient distance to your Leader Command VVheel your battail inward to the left Flank from the right Direction Face to the right and open to convenient distance to your Leader Command VVheel your battail inward to the Front from the Reer Direction Face about and open to convenient distance and wheel inward into the Front Command VVheel your battail inward to the right Flank from the left Command VVheel the outward Angles of Front and Reer to the right and left about into the Center face to the outward Angles Command VVheel the inward Angles to the right and left about from the Center CHAP. XXX Plain Firings and Figures of Battail IN the next place I will proceed to some plain firings wherefore first double your Ranks forward to the left by Half-files and fire even with the Front of Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves then fire and fall between the Pikes then move forth after this manner one Rank drawn forth to the right and another to the left fire and fall in again as before Then command the first Rank to stand and the rest to move forth both Pikes and Muskettiers to the right and left until each Rank be cleer of other then let the Pikes charge and Muskettiers give fire altogether and after fall behind each Rank of Pikes then let the Pikes charge at Foot and let the Muskettiers give fire over their heads after let Pikes port and let the Muskettiers come forth again and give fire by extraduction and after command the Ranks to face to the right and left inward and to close their Divisions then let the Muskettiers move forth again into their first places and Flank their Pikes And having passed over some half a dozen firings after this manner then command Half-files to double their depth to the right intire and proceed to Figures of battail and firings which comes in the next place to view for a Leader to spend his time further in the exercising of his Souldiers therein Command Half-files face to the Reer and march six paces to your Leader Half-files of Muskettiers of each Division face to the Reer Muskettiers march all until you be cleer of the Pikes to your Leader The two middlemost Ranks of Pikes of each division face outward and move cleer of the Muskettiers to your Leader The first and third Ranks of Pikes in the body face to the Reer and close Ranks into the midst to Order the following Figure will appear The first firing Let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the rest of the Divisions moving up into their ground and fire wheeling off to the right and left having all fired over once they will be reduced The second firing Let the four inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face outward and move cleer of the Pikes then face to their Leader then let the eight last divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers face to the Reer then let them fire to Front and Reer falling in the Reer of themselves there being intervals for the Pikes to move forward upon
Order and to joyn with the outmost Files when their aspects being to the outward Angles of Front and Reer let the Pikes port and Muskettiers give fire to the four Angles and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again and after retreat back into their places again The ninth firing Let them give fire again the first rank in each Division and wheel about to the right and move down into their first places where before they were drawn forth and every rank consequently fall in the reer of them then let the Pikes close into the midst to Order and face all to their Leader Command Muskettiers face to the right and left outward and move twelve paces then face to the reer and move likewise twelve paces after face to their Leader Front-half-files of each Division move forward three paces right and left half-ranks of each Division move outward two paces Front-Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers stand reer-divisions of both Arms move to the right and left outward until you be clear of the Front-divisions then close ranks and files in each Division to Order and face to their Leader they will stand in the first Figure The first firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers move forward and range even abrest with the Front of Pikes give fire and fall in the reer of themselves then face about and move down into their own ground again and face to their Leader then let the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers move in like manner as the former did and give fire and fall off in like manner and down again into their places Let the Muskettiers in the next place face outward and move three paces and after face to the Front then let the reer-divisions of Muskettiers advance forward until they range even abrest with the Front-divisions then let them give fire all together in each Division and fall in the Reer of themselves and after let the outmost divisions that moved up move down again into their places then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat into their places The second firing Let the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front move forward before the Front of Pikes and the inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front let them likewise move at the same time before the Reer-divisions of Pikes then let the Pikes port and Muskettiers in each Division give fire on the ground they stand and after fall in the Reer of themselves and those Muskettiers that formerly moved forth from their places let the Serjeants wheel them off to the right and left into their first ground and face to their Leader Command Inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front face to the Reer Divisions of Pikes upon the left in the Front face about to the right Divisions that are thus faced move down three foot clear of the Reer of each Arms. Front-divisions both of Pikes and Muskettiers and those that last moved face to the left and move two paces face all to your Leader and Muskettiers move forward until your middle Divisions range even abrest with the Reer-divisions of Pikes and they will stand as followeth Upon this Figure let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and then wheel off to the right and left into the ground of the Reer-divisions and they at the same time are to move up into their places and to give fire and fall off accordingly into their first places Then let the middle Divisions move forward until they range even with the Front of Pikes and let them give fire and fall first in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places again and face to their Leader then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat back again into their places They may fire to the Reer after the same manner as they did to the Front they being thither faced and after they have all fired face again to their Leader Command Let the four Divisions of Muskettiers upon the right move away and let the Divisions of Pikes fall in the Reer of them and the four Divisions of Muskettiers on the left to fall in the Reer of the Pikes then standing straight in their Divisions both Rank-wise and File-wise and they will stand as followeth Upon this Figure let the Reer Divisions face about to the right and let the first Divisions give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves then let them advance forward three paces and after wheel about to the right and interchange ground with the Reer-divisions and they at the same time are to move up and give fire and fall off accordingly Then let the other Divisions move forward until they range even abrest with Front and Reer give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down into their places then face all to their Leader Command The four first divisions stand the rest face to the left and march cleer of the standing part then let the Pikes face to the Front and march up even abrest with the Muskettiers Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face to the Front and move up likewise Muskettiers face inward move all three or four paces until they stand in form of the second Figure face all to your Leader Reer-division of Pikes face about and move down three foot clear of the Reer to your Leader which produceth the last Figure Upon this Figure let the Reer-division of Pikes face about and Muskettiers face outward then let Pikes port and let the first Divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and interchange ground with the Reer-divisions and face again to Front and Reer and let those that came up into their room give fire in like manner and fall off and down again into their places Then let the next Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and let the Pikes charge on and being retreated back again into their places command the two middle Divisions of Muskettiers to face to the Reer and move down and range even with the Reer then let every Division of Muskettiers give fire on the ground they stand to both flanks and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge on again and those Muskettiers that moved down into the Reer may face about and move back again into their places and face all to the Front Reducement Reer-division of Pikes advance forward to the left into the Front the two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about and march clear of the Reer then face to the right and left outward and place themselves behind the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers outmost divisions of Muskettiers face inward and move straight in the Reer of the Front-divisions and let the Pikes fall in the Reer of their Front-divisions and face all to their Leader Half-files of Muskettiers double your front to the right and left inward and after
occasion shall require In the next place for a Brigade I shall point forth four Regiments having in them eight Companies a piece after the manner of a Regiment of eight formerly set down which amounts to 3888 men which number may serve for a third part of an Army of foot and make up a very compleat and sufficient Brigade And I shall order in this Brigade to have in it four Divisions that is to say a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard represented in the three first Regiments but the fourth shall be a reserve standing in the Reer of the Main-battail or Brigade whereby upon all occasions of the other retreating or being driven backward that Regiment may move up to relieve each part thereof that shall be distressed But upon the Long-march of this Brigade the two middle Regiments according to their order of dignity are to make the Battail which in the Figure were made the Van-guard and Reer-guard and that which formerly was the Van-guard is become the Battail and the Reer-guard the Reserve but where they have ground sufficient it will be better to march in that form of Battalia set down according to the Figure Folio 176. This Brigade consisting of four Regiments must be drawn up according to the dignity of their Captains but with this alteration of Arms for the former Regiments consisting of two Divisions this hath but one after this manner CHAP. XXII How to draw up an Army of twelve Regiments of Foot and three of Horse the Foot amounting unto 11664 men and the Horse unto 3000 in all 14664 men THe drawing up or an Army most properly belongs to the Serjeant-Major-General whose place and charge is of an high degree his commands being full of action and therefore ought to be a wise grave and able person and an experienced Souldier in respect he hath the ordering and disposing of the Divisions and Battalions according to that form which the General shall command him And upon all occasions he must be active and stirring up and down to spie out all advantages which might offend an Enemy and wisely to foresee all disadvantages that may bring the Troops into any disorder or confusion He hath absolute command over the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades otherwise called the three Grand Corporals of the Field who are to be his assistants and his mouth as he is the mouth of the Lord General or Martial of the Field and therefore must have a vigilant eye over all things seeing that the Generals command delivered to him be strictly kept and observed and withall acquainting and informing the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades of the Generals pleasure that they may forthwith put the same into execution Now the Method that I shall observe shall be according to the form of the former Brigade wherefore in the first place the Serjeant-Major shall do well to appoint out unto the eldest Serjeant-Major of the Brigades how to draw up that Brigade which shall be the Battail wherein the Lord Generals Regiment and the Colonels is to be upon the right and left of that Brigade and betwixt them the eldest Colonel and ninth Colonel according to this rule of Dignity in the Figure set forth 4 9 12 1. In the next place let the next Serjeant-Major of the Brigades in seniority draw up that which shall be the Van-guard and place the second Colonels Regiment upon the right and the fifth upon the left and between them the eleventh and eighth Colonels after this manner of this Figure 5 8 11 2. Let the last Serjeant-Major draw up that Brigade which shall be in the Reer and let him draw them up after this manner the third Colonels Regiment upon the right and upon the left the sixth Colonels and between them the tenth and seventh Colonels Regiment after this manner 6 7 10 3 This charge being given by the Serjeant-Major-General unto the three Serjeant-Majors of the three Tertias or Brigades how each particular Regiment shall be drawn up being every one single and compared alike each to other being rightly stated according to the rule of Dignity avoiding thereby confusion and disorder In the next place for the better expedition in drawing up the Army every Serjeant-Major of each Brigade draws the former Regiments assigned unto them unto such place as shall be appointed forth unto them by the Serjeant-Major-General being helped and assisted by the Field-Officers of the same Regiments the Serjeant-Major-General being an assistant unto them all seeing thereby all the Commands of the General rightly observed and fulfilled AN ARMY OF FOOT OR THREE SINGLE BRIGADS CONSISTING OF 11664 MEN DRAWN VP AND EMBATTELLED TOGETHER WITH THE PLACING OF THE CANNON Let these three Sheets be pasted together at length one after another so that they may appear as one single Leafe and let them be placed between Page 174 and 175. After this the General of the Ordnance his duty and care must be in the day of Battail to see that the Ordnance be well placed for at such time his wisdom is most discern'd keeping with the assistance of his Lieutenant the Train of Artillery together in good order He must have a vigilant eye upon all accidents that may fall but and make choise of such ground for their planting as the General of the Army and he shall think most fit and convenient He must be careful that all things be in a readiness putting the Master Gunners Gentlemen of the Ordnance and Commanders in minde of their duty that they do their best endeavours and acquit themselves like men It is likewise partly his charge to see that the whole Army be well provided with Ammunition because the Ammunition marcheth under his Train He must also be neer the General of the Army upon all occasions to receive his Directions and Commands and to know from him after what manner he will make his Battail that he may plant his Ordnance accordingly finding out Hills and Heights to play over his own men And when the Enemy shall present himself and come up to charge he must draw and plant his Ordnance as neer their Horse as possible may be to hinder them from breaking in upon the Divisions of Foot taking along with him Saylours and Pioneers to help to draw up the Ordnance and sufficient Guards to defend them As concerning the planting of the Ordnance when the Battalia is drawn up they may be disposed of several ways as sometimes they are placed upon the head of the Battalia others again between them by two and two and others threes upon the Flanks and Wings of the Muskettiers Some are of opinion that they ought to be planted upon the Flank and in the Reer of the Battalia by leaving a free place for Arms which may give no offence to their own men But as concerning this last way it might be answered it can no way be expedient for if an Enemy should perceive that the Frout is left bare without Ordnance it will give them cause
make them the right-hand File-leader in every particular division but if any will be so curious to order them according to that let them apply themselves unto the former Rules for directions to the same The Corporals duty in his Squadron is to teach and instruct them in the use of the Pike and Musket and to have a Roll and List of his men in his Division or Squadron And when a Souldiers name is crossed out he is to give notice unto his Serjeant and when a new one shall supply his place his care must be to instruct and enable him in the Postures of such Arms as he shall bear Being with his Squadron upon his Guard he is to provide them with Wood Coal Candle and light Having an Out-guard his care must be to strengthen it his little Corps du Guard and Sentinels must be forth according to the avenews or comings on of the Enemy whereby he prevents their cutting off or surprisal the negligence whereof proves both dangerous to themselves and the whole Army Wherefore it behoves him to be very careful and vigilant to visit them after giving them an especial charge to be both faithful and careful in the great trust reposed in them He must likewise preserve and keep the Word constant in his memory when the Captain of the Watch goes the first Round he shall with his Sword drawn against his brest give it him and receive such Orders from him as he shall command him but afterwards when the Round shall come again he shall cause the Rounders or Gentlemen with his Sword drawn to give the Word to him before they pass He ought never to go alone being called forth by the Sentinel but to have a Guard of three or four Muskettiers along with him selected out of his Corps du Guard He must advise his Sentinels how to demean themselves upon the discovery of an Enemy either to give an Alarum or else to give notice without making a noise And if upon his Guard he shall either observe or be advertised by his Sentinels of the approach of the Enemy then he is to have his men in readiness with Bullets in their Muskets and their Matches lighted himself secretly coming in giving intelligence unto his Captain or other Superiour Officer whereby they may all be in a readiness before the Alarum be given He is likewise to distribute Victual Powder Bullet and Match unto his Squadron and to take notice of the best experienced men and accordingly to imploy them upon action upon the Watches He must cause respect to be given to the Corps du Guard and silence to be kept whether it be about the Walls or Gates that so the noise may not hinder the hearing of the advertisement from the Sentinels He is likewise to have an eye to their lives and manners and to take care of the Baggage and Money of such as are hurt or sick and to be in his own carriage sober wise and discreet for the avoiding ill example unto others Of the Martial of a Regiment HE ought to take into his custody all persons committed unto his charge by the chief Officers of the Regiment and if they be called to justice he is to bring them to the Martial-General who are to be carried from thence to the Council of War It is also his care to see that all Women Boyes Servants Bread and Aquavita-sellers belonging to the Regiment do march in the Reer and not before or upon the Flanks He is likewise to set such prizes upon Beer and Victuals as the Lord-Martial or Serjeant-Major-General shall appoint which Order he shall receive from the Provost-Martial of the Army and to see it duly executed within the Circuit of the Regiment And that the Sutlers do not sell their Beer and Victuals above the set rate lest they grate upon the Souldiers After the Captain of the Watch hath gone the first Round he is to see that the Sutlers keep no tipling or disorder in the night but make them put out their Candle-light and Fires During the time of Divine Service he is to go the Round for fear any disorders should be committed in the Quarters Of a Quarter-Master IF the Regiment be marching with the Army and not alone he is then every evening to attend upon the Quarter-Master-General to receive his directions and to take the place ground and houses appointed by him for the Quarter and Lodging of the Regiment who presently is to acquaint and advertise his Colonel of the same and after to follow his charge First he appointeth or prepareth the Colonels Lodging and other Officers of the Field in the Center or midst of all the Quarters and neer them himself and all the other Officers of the Staff After according to the seniority of the Captains and their marchings to distribute forth their Quarters as may be designed Having thus far acted through the help of the Constables and Head-boroughs of those places where the Regiment is to Quarter and having drawn forth their Billets in a good and orderly way he is before the Regiments entring the Quarters to deliver the same to the Colonel or other Field-Officers of that Regiment and they to deliver it to the rest of the Captains to direct them to their Lodgings with the particular Souldiers of their Company And during the time that he is about the visiting the distribution of the Lodgings all the Troops are to keep watch round about the place and to send out to discover he must also be informed of the Lodgings of the whole Army to know whom to give or whom to receive Supplies in case of necessity If the Quarter be in the open field the Quarter-Master-General shall appoint to each Quarter-Master the place and ground which he shall take which he is to distribute to the Serjeants of every Company of the Regiment who are to assist him in taking the depth length and breadth of their Quarters with the distances of the Alarum-place between the head of the Quarters and the Trench and the true distance of the Streets betwixt the in-getting of each Captains particular Company When an Army or Regiment shall sit down before a Town or forraging place to besiege it they are imployed sometimes to be Forragers to fetch in provision for the Army or particular Regiments Which when they shall be required they ought to have sufficient Convoys and Guards both of Infantry and Cavalry to secure them who are to be commanded by able Officers and the Provost-Martial or one of his Assistants is to go along with them to punish such as are exorbitant or do straggle It will be expedient to the Regiment that the Quater-Master upon the Service may be imployed twice in a week to bring in a fresh Victual to the Souldiers but not to go twice to one place lest they be discovered by an Enemy and be way-laid by their Forces who may sometimes prove stronger then themselves to prevent or to cut them off
his Captains intentions and purposes before-hand he may be the better provided to withstand the furious onset of the Enemy He ought to have the Ensign and all other Officers of the Company as near him as may be there being often-times urgent business to make use of them as occasion shall require He must neither cashiere nor punish any man in the presence of his Captain but ought to make him acquainted therewith that he may punish the offender by committing him either to prison or cause him to give recompence to the party wronged To conclude he ought to know how far his power doth extend either in the presence or absence of his Captain always demeaning himself so that he may gain the love of his whole Company by acting those things amongst them as may be just and honest Of a Captain HE that is a Captain of a Company ought in respect he leadeth the same and is Chief to appoint unto the Officers their several places what Divisions they shall lead and where they shall march and according to the number of Files to make his Divisions answerable thereto by dividing his Muskettiers as near as he can the one half upon the right of the Pikes and the other upon the left for they being the Flankers ought equally to be ballanced but if there be an odd File it ought to be contrived and carried to the right In the Van Battail or Reer he must according to the number of his men order his Officers places and draw them off accordingly in as equal a way as they will afford He is as well as his own to know all the several duties of his Officers and to be a good Posture-man himself that when he sees any of his Souldiers handling their Arms in an undecent and slovenly manner he may the better reprove them for the same And although many Captains regardeth them not but leaveth them to be instructed by the inferiour Officers yet it is a great deal of honour to him when his Souldiers shall be taught by himself they more cheerfully and confidently marching along with him when as they perceive that he is throughly knowing in all things belonging to his charge He shall do well to exercise his Company sometimes himself teaching them how to fight upon all occasions whether it be to Front Reer or Flanks or upon surprise of an Ambuscado or any other disadvantage which may befall them informing them how to fall off and rally again in good order And at such times he must couragiously and wisely behave himself and incourage his Souldiers of hopes of Victory casting off all appearances of fear or danger whatsoever cheerfully animating his Souldiers to fall on taking care and making much of them and not to forsake them until such time they may be relieved by others He is to have a fatherly care of his Souldiers timely providing for the maimed wounded and sick such helps and remedies as their present conditions requires He must likewise see that there be no want of Victual Arms or Ammunition He ought not to be covetous nor keep back his Souldiers pay but to see them duly paid visiting and relieving them according to their several wants and necessities His care must be to execute Justice appease quarrels punish offenders by doing whereof he will maintain the honour and dignity of his place He ought to carry a very even hand over his Souldiers and to be very courteous and kind unto them yet with that restriction of familiarity that he come not under contempt And again he must not be too rigid and harsh caning or beating them without just cause lest he incurre their hatred who secretly or in time of Battail will seek to be revenged of him endeavouring to kill him before their enemy therefore he ought to be wise and discreet in his commands and carriage towards them His place of marching with his Company is some six foot before the first Division of Muskettiers but if his Company be drawn up he is either upon a Stand or upon the March to be on the head of the Pikes six foot before the Ensign In time of Battail although he leads his men up first against the Enemy yet he is not always tied to be in the Front having often just occasion to remove down into the Reer Midst or Flanks carefully casting his eye upon all parts of the Body thereby preventing the least error or neglect of his Souldiers directing them what to do keeping them in good order as long as occasion shall require Moreover he ought to be very religious temperate and discreet faithful in his trust valiant in the field against the face of his enemy and being besieged in either Town or Fort for to preserve his honour never give his consent for the yielding it up until it be past hope that there is no possibility to hold it out any longer Of a Serjeant-Major HIs duty is every morning and evening or upon any other occasion to attend upon the General Martial of the Field or Serjeant-Major-General of the Army to receive his Orders how or in what manner the Regiment shall march whether in a single Battalion or else in two to be joined with others After which he gives order accordingly unto the Captains how to draw up their Companies and orders them accordingly At which time of embattelling or marching he ought to be as near the midst of the Regiment as he can for the better regulating of the same He is to place all the Officers according to their Dignity where they are to lead and where to bring up and which men they shall take charge of to fight causing the Drum-Major after they are all drawn up and the other Drummers to beat a March and to move all at one instant as occasion shall require He ought to make all the Divisions as near equally alike as possible he can He must likewise be well verst in the several drawing up of Regiments with their various forms of Battail that according to the condition of the place ground number of men and Orders received from the Major-General or Majors of the Brigades he may not shew himself a Novice or one that is to seek nor ought he to go dully or slothfully upon his charge or place but to be very ready quick and nimbly performing with much ease and readiness his Battalions and grand Divisions In their drawings up he may be permitted to have Pen Ink and Paper for to take an accompt of the several strengths of the Captains Companies and to order his men accordingly and ought to give unto all the Officers of the Regiment notes in writing of their several charges and places In time of fight or otherwise marching with the Regiment he is to be on horse-back in regard he is the eyes hands and feet thereof in time of Battail he is to see every Officer to perform his charge and Souldier his duty forcing and compelling them forward if in case
to be performed by each Company respectively whensoever they shall happen to be upon their March In the Head of his Regiment is his most honourable and proper place and there he ought to be most frequent He is to be subservient to the Lord General Lord Martial and Serjeant-Major-General of the Field to whom he is to pay like respect and observance as he himself expecteth and that justly from all inferiors to him For from those his superior Officers by him are received in charge all such Orders as refer to the place of Alarms Marchings Imbattellings Guards or Convoys Furthermore it is requisite that every Colonel should acquaint himself at least once every week how and in what manner the Souldiers of his Regiment have deported themselves in their several Quarters by a due and strict examination of the qualities of all such offences as have occurred and been committed by the several and Distinct Souldiers under his command hereby preparing every several misdemeanor for a readier hearing before a Council of War or Court-Martial and this is easily effected by convening the Captains or other Officers under them at such convenient times as may suit with his occasions every Colonel being bound to make his appearance at each Council of War as Assistant to the Lord Martial and President of the said Council for the hearing and determining of all such propositions and matters in question relating to the Army In all matters of Advice and Counsel but more especially when any Stratagem Siege or intended Battail is in agitation to be put in action the Colonel ever as one of the primary Field-Officers is summoned to consult with the General and with all freedom to deliver his opinion in all things that shall be there discussed for the best advantage as he shall conceive for the designs in hand how weighty and important soever and to be ready to go upon any such service as shall be cast into his charge to be executed by the major part of the said Council and to express his obedience to his General although it be a service that correspond not with his own opinion at the first but being cleared by the larger number to be more conducing to the good of the Design couragiously to undertake it and faithfully to perform it In the quartering of his own Regiment which is always ordered for Quarter in two grand Divisions regard is to be had that his own Lodgings be ever taken up in the most equal place between his grand Divisions that so he may with more facility and celerity dispense and import his commands to either Party What commands soever shall descend unto him in charge from his superior Officers as relating to the Guards disposing of Marchings appointing Imbattellings ordering of Quarters c. he is carefully to see executed He must do justice unto all without partiality so far as he exceed not his proper Authority at all times to be diligent in suppressing of Mutinies even in their first growth by a discreet punishment of the principal offenders for prevention of further mischief and inconvenience Of Guides MAps with the right use and knowledge of them are great helps towards the finding out of the best and most convenient ways Skilful and expert Inhabitants of the Countrey are most proper to be elected for Guides and it is necessary for their better encouragement and the Armies sudden and necessary use of them to have them listed in Souldiers pay For the finding out of the fittest and ablest persons for this employment it is most especially the duty of the Waggon-Masters who are to see and enquire certainly that they be men known and practised in all possible By-paths Cross-ways c. That they be able to give an accompt of the distance of places of the evenness and straightness of them whether they be plain or crooked hilly or stony and difficult for passage what Rivers Hedges Ditches and Bridges lye in the way and which way if there shall be several ways is the safest and shortest which the nearer or farther to or from the Enemies Quarters which more probable for their approaches as likewise for Quarter what Forrage what Water is to be had and how convenient the way is for Baggage If it shall happen that these Guides may be chosen partly out of the Souldiers and partly from the Country-men and so any scrumple jar or difference happen in opinion such Officers and others as are best skill'd in those parts and places are either to reconcile the difference or from the most probable intelligence to conclude upon the most convenient passages In respect of the danger and great hazards if not utter ruine that the Guides sometimes do and often may draw the Souldiers into by treachery and false play they are many times caused to ride haltered about the neck to put them in mind of capital punishment if they shall mislead the party they guide but in case they discharge their trust faithfully and ably they ought to be as well rewarded for their encouragement as otherwise to be punished for the terrour of others Of Scouts AN active Enemy is always watchful and diligent to apprehend every opportunity that may make for his advantage and therefore it concerns every Commander by way of Counter-mine as it were to be careful that he rightly and fully inform himself of their ways and courses for prevention of his own danger in case of sudden assaults and the better infesting of his enemy And to this end he must make choice of such as are approved for their valour and fidelity discretion and vigilancy not probable to be corrupted with gain or daunted through fear These men are not only to take direct plain or high ways but also by private and unsuspected passages and scouring as they scout all places whatsoever that are accessible and when they have made diligent observation in all places to inform of nothing but what they can give the ocular proof of lest by their errour and mistake the whole Army possibly may be led into an irreparable ruine and whosoever is the Conduct or Officer of these Scouts for one and an able one they must have always with them must be exceeding careful of his reputation that he inform of nothing more then what he can justifie from his own eyes or ears and if he inform further to inform them also that that information is but from report that it may be considered of accordingly and his repute preserved intire Of Spies OF all men these are at all times necessary for an Army and in all Armies of all men they will deserve to be most certainly liberally rewarded to the intent that they may at all times cheerfully and faithfully undertake any imployment of the greatest trust hazard or danger And he that will make choice of able and trusty men in this kind must after diligent observation and weighing of their dispositions and courage select them out of his own
content themselves to learn of such who are of higher abilities And on this account the Art would be more highly prized and not only bring more Honour to the Professors thereof but even the Learners themselves would become more capable of good preferment abroad and our Military Gardens and Meetings would much more flourish and be beheld with more delight and satisfaction not only by the Souldiers themselves but all other Spectators whatsoever I do not desire to be mis-understood by this Discourse that herein I should go about to startle any ingenious Souldier or disswade him from any thing that shall be new to his Invention which is proper I shall rather incourage him and be glad to understand of him what Reason he can give for every thing he doth and of what use it may be unto the Publick and then it will admit of no controulment But vacant seasons may be used for variety and delight in making experiments of wit fancy and ingenuity provided they do not dwell too much upon them But the substantial and solid things of War are above all things to be precisely regarded without which an Army though of the most valiant men will be exposed to the greatest dangers and fall into a most certain Ruine I should here humbly offer my Advice to the most eminent Meetings in the Artillery and Military Gardens in the latter of which I was heretofore a Member and still am a true Lover and honourer both of that and all other places like unto it My advice is that on their days of publick Meeting they would have chiefly before their eyes the main Grounds and Principles in the Art of War which through permission I am perswaded would cause greater appearances and make their Ground to flourish more then ever to the Honour of our Nation and the increase of experienced and able Commanders if ever this Commonwealth should stand in further need of them And because the Ambition of some doth strive to aim at higher things in their thoughts then what is practised abroad I have thought good to set down the plain way of exercising a Company as usually it is practised in the Army our Companies consisting of one hundred men two parts being Muskettiers and a third Pikes the depth of our Files being always six deep in the Armies of England Scotland and Ireland the Company being drawn up abrest the Exercise is as followeth they standing in their closest Order in Ranks and Files First Command Open Ranks backwards to Order Command Files open to the Right to your Order Command Ranks open backward to open Order Command Files open to the left to open Order Command Ranks open backward to double Distance Command Files open outward to double Distance Command Ranks close forward to open Order Command Files close inward to open Order Command Ranks close forward to your Order Command Files close to the left to your Order Command Face to the Right as you were Command Face to the Left as you were Command Face to the Rear as you were Command Face to the Front as you were Command Face to the Center as you were Command Face to Front and Rear as you were Command Face to the Right and Left outward as you were Command Face to the Right and left inward as you were Ranks and Files being at Open Order Ranks to the Right Double Files to the Left Double Ranks to the Left Double Files to the Right Double Command Half-files Double your Front to the Right Command Files Double your Depth to the Left Command Half-files Double your Front to the Left Command Files Double your Depth to the Right Command Bringers-up Double your Front to the Right Command Files Double your Depth to the Left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Direction Bringers-up Double your Front to the Left Files double your Depth to the Right every man placing himself behind his Bringer-up Command Double your Ranks to the Right or Left intire as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the Right intire Command Right Half-ranks double intire the depth of your left Half-ranks Command Half-files double your Front to the Left intire Command Left Half-ranks double intire the depth of your Right half-ranks Direction The same may be done to the Rear Command Files to the Right hand Counter-march and maintain Ground Command Files to the Left hand Counter-march and maintain Ground Direction The same may be done in Ranks as also both in Ranks and Files either maintaining gaining or losing ground of these in the Army we use but little Command Wheel your Battle to the Right Command Wheel your Battle to the Left Command Wheel your Battle to the Right about Command Wheel your Battle to the Left about Command Files file to the Right or Left Command Ranks file to the Right and Left First The Muskettiers being on both flanks first firing let the first Rank stand and fire every Rank passing through before his Leader after standing and fire till all have fired over twice or four times the Pikes moving slowly in the mean time they will upon a stand be reduced as at first Secondly Bring all the Muskettiers before the Pikes then let them fire in the Front falling off and flank the Pikes upon the Right Fire upon the right flank the body marching and the Muskettiers to pass on the left flank after the Pikes may charge to the right the body moving again Let the Muskettiers fire on the left flank and fall in the Reer of the Pikes who may after charge their Pikes on the left The body marching the Muskettiers may fire in the Reer and fall off to the Right and Left and flank the Pikes as at the first the body facing about the Pikes may charge to the Reer We usually fire in the Front sometimes two ranks standing the rest passing by turns then standing after they have gained the ground before their Leaders do fire till all have fired twice other times three Ranks fire together the first kneels down the second stoops the third stands upright then falling down the three last Ranks pass through and do the like This being done twice reduces them all as at first the Pikes moving slowly this being the usual way of exercising our Companies in the Army Rich. Elton Lieut. Col. FINIS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE COMPLEAT BODY OF The Art Military THE PUBLISHER To the READER HAving now an opportunity of reprinting the preceding Treatise of Military Discipline written by Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Elton containing the Discipline and Exercise of Foot-companies Regiments Brigades c. I thought it not convenient to let the Infantry March into the Field of the World any more without the Cavalry nor they without their Train of Artillery I have therefore endeavoured to make good the words of the Title namely The Compleat Body of the Art Military by adding the following Treatises wherefore to the Infantry here is added Cavalry and Instructions for them both in Posture
where he lodgeth When he commandeth in the Army in absence of the Lord General upon occasion of fight his place is in the Battle that he may the better give Order to all Usually he hath a Company to lodge with him to serve him as his Guard and six or more of his Company attending on him He should not resolve upon any enterprize unless he consider of all that might happen and propound to himself greater difficulties in the action then in reality there be and so prepare remedies surpassing the said difficulties it being a singular benefit to be able to foresee with good judgement those things which might succeed in the uncertain and variable accidents of War As Sertorius saith A good Commander should rather look behind him then before him II. Of the Lieutenant-General of Horse THe Charge of the Lieutenant-General of the Horse is of great importance and must therefore be supplied by a Souldier of known Experience and Valour careful and vigilant he must be he marcheth and lodgeth for the most part with the Cavalry he ought to be well versed in the ways of the Country that he may either meet or avoid his Enemy as occasion shall required He must be always busied about his Enemies motion considering with himself from what place they may shew themselves with what number whether Infantry or Cavalry in what time they may probably come upon him and where to place himself to advantage to prevent them He must be circumspect and wary in the choice of the place appointed for Quarters in preparing good Guards causing the High-ways to be cleared and by-ones discovered placing men on those places where he supposes the Enemy may make head sending forth Scouts continually and placing Sentinels omitting no diligence to secure the Quarter where the Cavalry findeth it self to be exposed to most danger especially if they be lodged without Infantry He must be sure to have Spies in and about his Enemies Quarters He must look that the Captains wrong not their Souldiers but that he see them well armed and kept in good Order and that they and his Officers observe good Orders and Discipline As he ought to be severe in punishing so he must be ready and willing to hear his Souldiers just complaints and relieve them He must not suffer any extortion to be used by himself or others by which the Country is ruined and the Souldiery hated for too great liberty of the Souldiers produceth bad effects He ought to be knowing in the command of the Infantry for upon occasion of sending a good part of the Cavalry to several places he hath the charge not only of the Horse but of the Foot also And in the absence of the General the Orders from the Lord General or Lord Marshal come to him and to him are all reports made of the occurrences of the Cavalry and Army He may suspend a Captain of his command upon just cause but cannot restore him again without order from the General who must first give notice thereof to the Lord General When he passeth the Quarters of Cavalry the Trumpets sound but not in the presence of the General or in his Quarters When the General of Horse commands the whole Army and therefore takes his place in the Battle the Lieutenant-General placeth himself in the Van-guard of the Cavalry where otherwise the General useth to be III. Of the Commissary-General HE ought to be a good and experienced Souldier for that in the absence of the Lieutenant-General he is to have the command He must reconcile Differences which at any time arise among the Souldiers as having most to do with the Souldiery He is to keep Lists of the Guards Convoys and other services and is to distribute the Orders Every evening he is to go and receive the Orders and the Word and having given it to the General and Lieutenant-General he is to give it to the Quartermaster-General for him farther to distribute He is upon all occasions of singular use and entrusted with the Execution of the Orders In appointing the places or lodgings in several Exploits he must be free from partiality and such as at one time have cause of discontent he must make them amends the next that so he may see it was of necessity not of partiality His place being of great importance ought therefore to be supplied by one knowing and experienced IV. Of the Quartermaster-General THe Office of the Quartermaster-General is to a appoint the Lodgings or Quarterings wherefore he must be well acquainted with the Countrey with the Towns and Villages about it not only by Maps which in some measure will inform him but by his own experience that he may the better know where to place the Corps-du-gards and Sentinels and visit them by day and night and order what ways to secure them and is to keep a List of all the Guards Convoys Cavalcadoes or exploits by Horse He must shew the Allarm-place to the particular Quarter-masters when they receive the Word of him in the Evening He must be very cautious in giving in his reports true and if any Order for haste be delivered him by mouth he must not trust it to others but must himself deliver it V. Of the Captain A Captain ought to be a man Sober Continent and modest in his Apparel aiming rather at good Arms and Horses then gorgeous Apparel to see his Souldiers punctual in their respective Duties and often calling them to exercise Let him be generous and not given to Gaming lest the Souldiers pay by that means be diminished which will overthrow his credit He is diligently to observe the Orders he receives and to be punctually ready with his Troop where appointed himself being first on Horsback seeing his Troop compleat and full before he march He ought to know every Souldier in his Troop by name that upon any Exploit he may draw forth such as he discerns most fit for the business he hath in agitation The Captains taking notice of a Souldier does very much animate and encourage him He must cherish his well-deserving Souldiers and cashier the idle and debauched Let him always have 2 or 3 of his Souldiers well skilled in the Countrey for they may serve him as Guides for that those of the adjacent Towns or Villages are not always to be had nor is it at all times safe to intrust them to these Souldiers he is to contribute something extraordinary besides their pay Out of his Troop he is to chuse his Lieutenant Cornet c. impartially by their merit and not for favour or affection by which he shall be beloved of his Souldiers and not be forced to alter his choice by the Generals Order In the absence of the Captain the Lieutenant commands the Troop VI. Of the Lieutenant THe Lieutenant of a Troop ought to be an experienced Souldier having attained thereunto by the experience he attained in being a Corporal and Cornet from which by desert he attained to be
have his Horse-head in ballance and at command then grasping the Pummel of the Saddle with his left hand and standing with his full body close to the Horse-side and just between the Bolster and Cantle of the Saddle always on the nere side of the Horse with the help of his right Hand he shall put the left Foot into the left Stirrup and with his right Hand taking fast hold on the highest part of the Cantle behind he shall by the help of both Hands gently but strongly and in an upright posture without inclining his body to either hand raise himself until he may stand perpendicular upon his left Foot and then casting over his right-leg place himself in the Saddle He being now mounted his Postures are as follow Command 2. Vncap your Pistols Direction Turn down the Caps of your Pistol-cases or Holsters with your right-hand Command 3. Draw your Pistol Direction Draw your Pistol out of the Case with your right-hand always the left Pistol first mounting the Muzzle of it Command 4. Order your Pistol Direction Sink your Pistol into your Bridle-hand and remove your right-hand towards the Muzzle and rest the But-end upon the right Thigh Command 5. Span your Pistol Direction Sink your Pistol into your bridle-hand and take your Spanner in your right-hand and put it upon the Axle-tree winding it about till it stick and return your Spanner to its place Command 6. Prime your Pistol Direction Holding your Pistol in your bridle-hand as when you Span'd it take your Priming-box in your right-hand pressing the Spring with your fore-finger to open the Box put Powder into the Pan. Command 7. Shut your Pan. Direction Press in the Pan-pin with your Thumb and shut it Command 8. Cast about your Pistol Direction With your bridle-hand cast about your Pistol and hold it on your left side with the Muzzle upwards Command 9. Gage your Flasque Direction Take your Flasque in your right-hand and with your fore-finger pull back the Spring then turn the mouth of the Flasque downwards and let go the Spring Command 10. Lade your Pistol Direction Press down the Spring which openeth the Flasque with your fore-finger and bringing the mouth thereof to the Muzzle of the Pistol turn the Powder into the Barrel Command 11. Draw your Rammer Direction Draw your Rammer with your right-hand turned and hold it with the head downwards Command 12. Lade with Bullet and ram home Direction Hold the Rammer-head in your right-hand and take the Bullet out of your mouth with your thumb and fore-finger and put it into the Muzzle of your Pistol and your Rammer after it and so ram home Command 13. Return your Rammer Direction Draw forth your Rammer with your right-hand and return it to its place Command 14. Pull down your Cock Direction Bring your Pistol towards your rightside with your bridle-hand and resting the But-end upon your thigh with your right-hand pull down the Cock. Command 15. Recover your Pistol Direction Take your Pistol into your right-hand and mount the Muzzle Command 16. Present and give Fire Direction Your Pistol being in your right-hand with your fore-finger upon the Tricker incline the Muzzle thereof towards your Mark with a fixed eye and by degrees on the right side of your Horse-head turning your right-hand so that the Pistols Lock may be upwards having obtained your Mark draw the Tricker and give Fire Command 17. Return your Pistol Direction Return your Pistol and with your right-hand put it into your Case Concerning the Snap-hans Pistol those Postures wherein it differeth from the Fire-lock Pistol are these Command 18. Bend your Cock Direction Hold your Pistol in your Bridle-hand and with your right hand bend your Cock Command 19. Guard your Cock Direction Pull down the Back-lock with your right hand it will secure the Cock from going off Command 20. Order your Hammer Direction Draw down the Hammer upon the Pan with your right hand Command 21. Free your Cock Direction Thrust back the Back-lock with your right thumb thereby to give the Cock liberty For the more easie and speeding lading of the Pistol for the gaining of time and avoiding the carrying of either Flask or Touch-box there is an invention of a Spanner or Key which contains six Charges of Powder at the least and priming-Powder sufficient for those Charges and for the Cartouches wherewith the Pistol-cases be furnished which the Cuirassier will find to be of very good use The Cartouches are made of white Paper cut into convenient breadth and length and rowled upon the Rammer or other small round stick the edge being passed down and the Rammer drawn out one end of the Paper is to be doubled in to keep the Powder from falling out these Cartouches are to be made so big as to fill neerly the bore of the Pistol and of length to contain as much Powder as the Pistol requires for a Charge When the Powder is in tie it with thred and then put in the Bullet also tying that also these the Souldier may make at spare hours and have them always by him When he uses his Cartouches he must bite off the Paper at the head of it and so put it into the Barrel of the Pistol with the Bullet upwards and then ram it home these being beforehand prepared it will much expedite the work of lading his Pistol The Cuirassier being well mounted and throughly exercised in his Postures the next thing he should apply himself unto is to be a good Marksman to attain which he must be frequently shooting at Marks on Horsback having such set upon a Tree some higher and some lower The Cuirassier being armed Pistol-proof he must not give fire but at a very neer distance being careful to make his Bullet do execution the principal place of advantage to aim at is the lower part of the belly of his Enemy his arm-pits or his neck Some are of opinion that it is not fitting for a Cuirassier to give fire till he have his Pistol under his Adversaries Armor or against some unarmed place and if he miss of an opportunity of hitting the man he may aim at the head or brest of his Horse He is commonly to give the charge upon a Trot and seldome galloppeth but upon a pursuit Having spent both his Pistols and having no opportunity to load again he must then betake himself to the last refuge his Sword placing the Pummel of it upon his right thigh and with his right hand to direct the point thereof by his eye raising it higher or lower as ocsion serveth aiming at his Enemies Neck Arm-pits Eye or about the Pummel of the Saddle at his Belly c. but being past his Enemy he is to make a back-blow at him aiming to cut the buckle of his Poldron thereby disarming one of his Arms c. Of Exercising the Harquebusier and Carbine NOtwithstanding there be some difference between the Harquebusier and Carbine in their Horse their Arming and their Piece
necessaries 1 Waggon Waggons for the Officers For the General of the Artillery 4 Waggons For the Lieutenant-General 2 Waggons For the Controuler 2 Waggons For the Commissary 1 Waggon For 12 Gentlemen of the Ordnance 4 Waggons For the Mr. Gunner 1 Waggon For the Commissary of the drawing Horses 1 Waggon For every Engineer 1 Waggon For each Captain of the Pioniers 1 Waggon For the Mr. Smith 1 Waggon For each Mr. Carpenter 1 Waggon For the Fire-workers each one 1 Waggon For the Captain of the Cannoniers 1 Waggon For the Bridge-Master 1 Waggon For the Mr. Petardier 1 Waggon For the Maker of Cannon-baskets 1 Waggon For the Battery-Master 1 Waggon For the Quarter-Master 1 Waggon For the Provost 1 Waggon A List of Ammunition and such Warlike necessaries as the Prince of Orange takes with him in Shipping when he goes to the Field Powder for Muskets lib. 50000 Bullets for Muskets lib. 50000 Match lib. 80000 Hair-cloaths to cover the Powder lib. 60 Woodden-hammers to open the Powder-barrels lib. 12 Ladles to melt the Lead in lib. 12 Moulds for Musket-bullets with 12 holes lib. 12 Pincers to cut off the tayls of the bullets lib. 6 Arms and other necessaries Muskets spare lib. 300 Bandeliers lib. 300 Rests lib. 100 Scowring-sticks for Muskets lib. 100 Pipes to hide light Matches in lib. 3000 Half-Pikes lib. 300 Long Pikes lib. 2000 Lope-staves lib. 100 Quarter-staves lib. 200 Crooked Iron-shovels with long Poles to them to cast the earth forwards in a Gallery lib. 12 Iron-shovels like the former with shorter Poles to cast up earth to cover the Gallery lib. 12 Great Iron-hammers lib. 8 Great Pincers lib. 8 Hatchets with hammers at one end some great some small lib. 20 Iron-bars some forked at the end lib. 30 Sythes compleat lib. 25 Draggs to draw things out of Water lib. 25 Small draggs with Iron-chains to them of three fathom long and an iron Wing thereto lib. 12 Nails of all sorts Double Spikes lib. 4000 Single Spikes lib. 24000 Nayls of seven Inches lib. 10000 Nayls of six Inches lib. 10000 Nayls of five Inches lib. 10000 Double middle-nayls lib. 40000 Single middle nayls lib. 70000 Nayls for Doors lib. 30000 Lat-nayls lib. 60000 Broad-headed-nayls lib. 30000 Wood-work Oaken-planks lib. 160 Deals lib. 8000 Sparrs lib. 3000 Gapravens or great Joysts lib. 6000 Firi-balks of 10 Ells lib. 800 Balks of 12 Ells lib. 800 Balks of 16 Ells lib. 400 Small Sparrs lib. 1200 Masts of 40 50 and 60 foot long lib. 100 Arms and other necessaries Compleat Arms lib. 200 Arms of proof lib. 100 Head-pieces of proof lib. 100 Targets of proof lib. 100 Haspels compleat lib. 50 Rings to shut the Haspels together lib. 25 Haspel-staves by provision lib. 15000 Long Palisadoes lib. 2000 Short Palisadoes lib. 6000 Wooden beetles to drive the Palisadoes lib. 200 Pinns for Palisadoes lib. 10000 Nagers to boar holes for the Pinns in Palisadoes lib. 30 Iron-hammers to beat the pinns into the Palisadoes lib. 50 Nagers to search for Mines some great some small lib. 10 Ladders of all sorts lib. 150 Foot Angles lib. 20 Ice Spurs lib. 6000 Instruments of all sorts necessary to work withal Carrs for one Horse with all things necessary for Carr and Horse lib. 100 Crew-waggons compleat lib. 6000 Spare wheels for Crew-waggons lib. 300 Spindles or Axels spare lib. 1000 Cloven Deals to repair the Crew-waggons lib. 200 Small Nayls for the same purpose lib. 1000 Hand-barrows to carry Sodds lib. 150 Shippers-hooks long and short lib. 150 Spades to dig sods with lib. 300 Pitch-forks with two and three forks lib. 150 Other Spades lib. 10000 Shovels lib. 2000 Mattocks lib. 1000 Pike-Axes lib. 600 Great Axes lib. 1200 Hachets lib. 600 Chopping-knives lib. 600 Pursnets with Iron-hoopes and long Poles to them to dragg Mud out of Motes lib. 50 Other Necessaries Foursquare Baskets lib. 4000 Round baskets lib. 3000 Hurdles lib. 1000 Great Blocks drawn up with Pullies to drive in great Palisadoes lib. 2 Small blocks for the same use lib. 10 Beefe-bridges of ten foot long lib. 50 Small Lines to make cordage lib. 4000 Great Packs to wind up timber lib. 20 Buckets to carry water to quench fire lib. 3000 Lanthorns as well of lattin as horn lib. 40 Secret Lanthorns lib. 12 Candles lib. 400 Pans to burn Lamp-oyl in lib. 25 Turks lib. 6000 Torches lib. 25 Pitch tun lib. 6 Tair tun lib. 4 Hurds lib. 400 Fire-panns lib. 200 Unsleckt Lime in Tunns last lib. 1 Lines of 200 fathom long to draw up the Ammunition-Ships when the Wind is contrary lib. 60 Canvas blindes of 150 foot long lib. 2 Ship-windlaces of all sorts good store A List of what his Highness takes out of this to carry upon Waggons when he marcheth by Land with the number of Waggons thereto necessary allowing every Waggon to carry 1000 weight   Waggons Powder 20000 20 Bullets 20000 20 Match 15000 15 Muskets compleat 100 2 Pikes 300 3 Loop-staves 100 2 Spades 4000 18 Shovels 1000 4 Mattocks 400 2 Pike-Axes 100 1 Great Axes 400 2 Hatchets and chopping-knives 400 1 Deals 200 20 Capravens or great Joysts 200 3 Small Joysts 100 1 Crew-waggons compleat 100 4 Hand-barrows 25 1 Beese-bridges 10 5 Quarter-staves 100 1 Firr-Spars of all sorts 200 1 Pieces of beese-bridges with their appurtenances 10 5 A quantity of all sorts of Nails  1 Lanthorns 10  Dark Lanthorns 4 2 Candles lib. 100  Lamps 6  One Commissioner with 24 Conductors each mounted and armed with a Sword and a Case of Pistols The Commissioner that hath the Charge and oversight of these necessaries hath for his assistance 24 Conductors or more according to the number of Waggons each mounted and armed with a Sword and Case of Pistols The ART of Designing Measuring and Laying out Of the QUARTERS For the ENCAMPING Of an ARMY In the FIELD VVith ORDERS to be given out in such a QUARTER Also ORDERS for WATCHING And other General Observations By Capt. THOMAS RVDD Enginier to K. CHARLES the First The Argument HAving given you an account of the several Officers belonging to an Army with their respective Offices Duties and Qualifications with which they ought to be endowed As also how and in what manner the Cavalry is to be Enrolled Armed and Exercised both in his Postures and Motions and how a Troop or Company and a whole Army both Horse and Foot with Train of Artillery and other necessaries is to March I think it now time to bring you to a Quarter and therein I shall declare I. What Rules are to be observed in the choise of the Ground to Quarter in II. How the Quarter-master-General is to design the Quarters the Ground being chosen III. The Geometrical or Instrumental manner of laying out the Quarters in the Field IV. How the building of the Huts is to be managed and by whom V. The manner of securing the Quarters by Intrenchments Redoubts Horn-works and other Fortifications The manner of Quartering in
the Captains being lodged so neer them You may observe that in this lust form of Quartering there are 20 foot of the 200 allowed the Souldiers in depth taken off and added to the street between the Captains and the Sutlers for the street being in the former Quarter but 20 foot broad was found to be too narrow for the Waggons and Carriages to pass to and fro which did continually go and come through it with Provisions for the Army And whereas in the allowance of 200 foot in depth for the Souldiers there were but two allotted to lodge or hut together it happened sometimes that they came to quarter in places where there was small store of Provision to but withal so that the Souldiers could neither fit the ground allotted to them nor make any uniform or handsome huts therefore it was thought fit to take from them the said 20 foot and to allow them but 180. Note that the Officers must see the Souldiers build formally and that they make their Beds a foot and half or two foot from the ground to prevent sickness which they will be subject to fall into by lying upon the ground Note that when the Regiment is quartered in one Division the Colonels Company quarters on the right hand the Lieutenant-Colonels on the left the Sergeant-Majors next the Colonel the eldest Captain next him and so all the rest of the Captains by seniority in order from the right hand But if the Regiment be quartered in two Divisions then the Lieutenant-Colonels Company quarters on the right hand of the second Division the Sergeant-Majors in his place on the left hand of the first the eldest Captain next the Colonel the second on the left hand of the second Division the third next the eldest the fourth next the Lieutenant-Colonel the fifth next the third the sixth next the fourth in the second Division and so all the rest of the Captains according to this Order Observing if it may be that the youngest Captain be always placed next to him that closeth the left flank of the second Division Quartering of Horse THe Horse unless pressed by an Enemy are always or most commonly quartered in Houses both for the commodity of Forrage and that their Horses may stand under covert which otherwise by standing three or four nights in rain and cold would be in danger to be spoiled and made unserviceable So careful saith Melzo was the Duke of Alva of his Horse that he not only quartered them in Houses but made Courts of Guard upon the Avenues and places where they watched to shelter them from the weather But seeing they may be sometimes forced to make Huts I will shew you their manner of Quartering which is the same as the Foot but that they have more ground allowed them especially in bredth for their main streets are twenty foot broad and the men have ten foot allowed them whereas the Foot have but eight foot for either Hut their Horses are allowed ten foot in bredth and four in depth so the ground allowed for 100 Horse is 300 foot in depth and 70 in bredth The Explanation of the following Figure The Quartering of four Cornets of Horse A Alarm-place B Lieutenants lodging C Cornets lodging D Souldiers Huts E Stables F Street between the Souldiers Huts G Street between the Souldiers and Horses H Street between the Captain and Souldiers I Captains K Street between Captain and Sutlers L Sutlers The Quartering of an Army of Foot A Alarm-place B Entrenchment C Generals Pavilions D General of the Ordnance his loding E Ammunition and Ordnance F Divisions of Foot The Quartering of foure Cornets of Horse The Quartering of an Army of Foote A Good Commanders Judgment is to be discerned by his well chusing of ground to quarter on for he must not only chuse a place advantageous to resist an Enemy but where there is plenty of Forrage Water and other Necessaries and where the Air is wholsome and how necessary it is to intrench a Quarter and what ease and safety it brings to an Army dayly experience tells us and whereas by lying open you are subject to be affronted and forced to fight by an Enemy it is in your choice being Intrenched whether you fight or not which is no small advantage besides your Watches will fall nothing so often nor your Guards so troublesome The Romans were the first that found out the right use of the Spade and the benefit of Intrenching and it is from Caesar that our late great Generals have learned the way to Beleaguer and single Towns with Works and Trenches though the use of Powder have made them alter the form and manner of working and how advantageous it its to make such Works the taking not to speak of Alexis and other places by the Prince of Orange but of Groll Bolduke Mastricht and Breda within these few years in the view as I may say of an Enemies Army are sufficient testimonies and as divers Armies have in vain attempted the relief of Towns thus beleaguered so have some out of negligence and want of care in making their Lines of circumvallation been forced to quit their design and rise with dishonour The manner how the Prince of Orange his Army was Quartered with the General Officers Artillery Waggons c. A His Excellency B Count William C Count Henry D Strangers of Quality E Du. of Kessel F Waggons G Sutlers Market-place H Ryhoven 3 Troops of Horse R John Bax 3 Troops of Horse S Wageman 3 Troops of Horse T La. Salle 3 Troops of Horse Y Stabenbrook 4 Troops of Horse Z Co. John 3 Troops of Horse Δ Marquette 3 Troops of Horse Θ M. Bax 4 Troops of Horse Φ Count Henry 3 Troops of Horse ΠGuardens 4 Troops of Horse Ω Quaet 3 Troops of Horse Σ Smelsing 3 Troops of Horse I Dragoons K Count Ernest 6 Dutch Companies X 8 Companies of Frisons O Rob. Hinderson 19 Scotch Companies W Count John Ernest 16 Companies of Wallons P Bechune 19 French Companies Q Chastillon 19 French Companies L Hollis 10 English Companies M. Cheek 10 English Companies N. Cecil 10 English Companies V. Horatio Vere 15 English Companies Orders to be given out in a Quarter 1 NO man without leave of his Officer shall go further then Cannon-shot out of the Quarter or lie in the night out of the Quarter upon pain of the Strappado and if he have done any man hurt he shall be hanged without mercy 2. No man shall do hurt to such as are under Neutrality or Safe-guard upon pain of bodily punishment 3. No man shall fight within the Quarter draw his Sword or make any uproar in the night upon the like pain 4. No man shall molest any Sutler or such as bring Provision into the Leaguer spoil or take any of their Goods from them within or without the Leaguer upon the like pain 5. No man shall sell any Booty or Goods in the Leaguer without sound of Drum and
doubt he had lost his Country In a word if you fight you set your fortune upon the Dice if you husband your business warily the storm will over If you be an undertaker the sooner you bring your Cause to trial the better you are like to speed delays are dangerous for change of Air Diet and other inconveniencies may breed sickness and divers ill humors in your Army and if your Enemy will not fight but make a Fabian or lingring War he may put you to your shifts therfore first acquaint your self with the strength and quality of your Enemies forces with the state of his Country with his own disposition and the disposition of those that are neerest about him and before you declare your self gain some of his great men if it be possible to take your part maintain good Spies in his Court. Forecast all that can further or hinder your design before you undertake it and let your Cause be just left you draw the vengeance of God and jealousie of other Princes upon you In your preparation let your first care be of the belly want of Victuals hath been the loss of many a brave design and the ruine of great Armies Let your men be well trained and such as have been used to exercise and labour if you can let them be all of your own Subjects provide plenty of materials and other necessaries for your design and use the means to begin your War with some notable loss to your Enemy so shall you terrify him and discourage his Allyes and friends from giving him assistance When you come to fight chuse ground as neer as you can to fight upon proper for the number and quality of your men if you be strong in Horse chuse champion if your strength be on foot and that you want Horse chuse uneven bushy or inclosed ground and place some Muskettiers in the distances between those Troops you have which may advance and give fire upon the Enemies Horse if they offer to charge cover one of your Flanks if you can with some River Morass or Wood. Make your Front so large that your Enemy may not be able with his Wings to charge you in Flank Let your Battalions be small as of five or six hundred at the most which may nimbly move charge retire or succour each other at their pleasures for great Bodies are unweildy and being forced to move cannot keep their order unless the ground be very even for upon uneven ground they will either fall foul or be forced to open and if an Enemy can then make use of his advantage and charge they are easily broken and being broken are irrecoverable whereas small Troops although they break may under the favour and succour of their seconds put themselves again in order and be able to do good service Use means to draw your Enemy off the ground he hath chosen to stand upon it may to your advange perhaps bring some disorder in his Troops Be sure to have store of Seconds and always keep some Troops in reserve rather give then attend the charge it will encourage your own men and dishearten the Enemy Charge on that hand you think your self the strongest Let the distances between the Battalions as also between the Terâ—â—a's of your Army be carefully kept and get the advantage of Sun and Wind if you can Of a Chase IF your Enemy turn his back and fly let the third part of your Van-guard Battail and Reer as also a third part of both the Wings of Horse be appointed for the Chase and let one third part of them so appointed chase the Enemy disbanded the rest following in their order to succour the disbanded Troops if the Enemy should turn head and make resistance and let the other two thirds of the Army leisurely advance in good order to countenance the Troops in Chase if occasion should require When you would have the Chasers retire let the Drums and Trumpets of those Chasers that keep their order sound the Retreat that the disbanded Chasers may know where to find their Troops and if it be night let the Drums and Trumpets of the rest of the Army likewise sound And let there be fires made in divers places in the Army whereby all the Chasers may the better find the way to their Quarter Of a Retreat TO make a good Retreat is one of the Master-pieces of a General nor is it dishonorable for him to take the advantage of any time that he finds useful for the safety of his Army and good of the Cause although some young Souldiers more hardy then wise think it a disparagement to retire in the night but he that will not retire in the night when reason and the benefit of his party doth require may stay and be beaten in the day Many Examples there are in Histories of Armies that have been lost by such gallantry and their party thereby ruined There is no experienced General so indiscreet or ill advised as to follow a retiring Enemy with his Gross in the night especially if he find him retire in good order for so he may be drawn into Ambuscadoes or his enemy may wait for him in places of advantage and do him an affront and what knows he when he finds the Retreat made orderly but his Enemy seeks to draw him out purposely to intrap him by this means the party retiring may before day get into a place of safety whereas if he retire by day his Enemy may safely follow him with his whole Army and pass upon all advantages whereof he shall find plenty in a well-ordered Army if he know how to make use of them and take his opportunity I therefore conclude that to retire by night without sound of Drum with matches covered or to use any other secret way to avoid an Enemy when occasion doth require is not dishonorable but the duty of a good Captain The Order that the Prince of Orange retired in from Gelders FIrst He possessed a high piece of Ground that lay half-way between Gelders and Rhineberk to which Town he was resolved to March and lodged there 2000 men well intrenched with some pieces of Ordnance then he made ready three ways for the Tertia's of the Army to march in Front before the Troops began to march he sent away the Baggage and great Ordnance with some part of the Ammunition An hour before day or thereabouts he gave Order that the Army should march and the three Tertia's drew out of the Quarter without sound of Drum and marched in even Front about 200 paces distant from each other until they came an English mile or more from the Quarter and then Command was given that the Drums should beat In the Reer of each Tertia came ten or twelve Field-pieces with Ammunition and all other necessaries belonging to them On either Flank marched sixteen Troops of Horse and after the Foot at a large distance came the rest of the Horse In this Order did he
they turn their backs He is also to distribute to the Captains and other Officers such Orders as he shall receive from his Colonel or other Superior Officer In marching with the Regiment not alone but with the Army he must know from the General Martial or Major-General whether the Regiment be to march in the Van-guard Battail or Reer He ought to have some knowledge or information of the Country whether it be long or streight thereby judging how to order his marching so as he may not be disturbed by the enemies Horse or Artillery Being troubled with Baggage if there be any difficult passage he ought to be there present to prevent such disorders as may happen giving directions for their placing and marching as they may not be any hinderance to the Regiment putting them in order again before the Regiment shall enter into their Quarters at which time he may give license to the Captains and their Ensigns to take their lodgings excepting only those who are appointed for Guardians who must enter the Corps du guard and place their Sentinels until such time as they shall be relieved by others Now if a Regiment be to be quartered or lodged either in the Field or under shelter if in the Field he must cause it to be barracado'd or intrenched by the Waggons or other defences of the Field after which he is to place his Corps du guard round about the Quarters and the Sentinels at so near a distance that they may hear one the other speak being about 80 or 100 paces off from the Corps du guard being placed double a Pike and a Musket and five paces from them other single Sentinels are to be placed which are called Perdues And in case of Alarm the Sentinel Perdue shall retreat to the double Sentinel and in case of necessity all together having given fire are to retreat to the Corps du guard He must likewise at divers hours of the night visit the Corps du guard and if an Alarm be given in the Field he is to betake himself to the Alarm-place of the Regiment and there to form his Battalion and to send men to double the Guards on that part where the Alarm was given and to give notice thereof to his Colonel or other Superior Officer if they be present of what passeth The Ensigns ought not to retreat unless their Colonel or he give leave no Order at any time ought to be altered but by him in respect he giveth none but such as he receiveth from the Colonel It is his duty to speak for Ammunition as Powder Bullets Match and for Victuals if there shall be any want in the Regiment which provisions ought to be delivered unto him and he to see it equally distributed unto the Companies according unto the proportion given out And likewise he is to give Order what proportion or number of workmen or commanded men shall be drawn forth to work If under shelter then he is to view the place both within and without appointing the places for the Corps du guards and Sentinels and the way of the Rounders that it be free It will be expedient for him to chuse the Alarm-place whither the Companies upon the Alarum given are to repair being the Rendezvous for the whole Regiment being careful to place sufficient Guards both upon the Walls and about the Gates for their more security Which being ended he may give leave to the Captains to go to their Lodgings and several Quarters there to remain until they shall be called upon Duties for the due performance whereof he is to cause them to cast Lots whereby they may know what part of the Walls may fall to their turn He is to command the Captains to enter the Guards about ten or eleven a clock in the morning he is likewise to open and shut the Gates at the rising or setting of the Sun and to place the Watches upon the Walls presently upon the shutting of the Gates and to relieve them upon the opening thereof And as he doth receive his directions for marching imbattelling viewing of ground and placing of Guards from the Serjeant-Major-General or Serjeant-Major of that Brigade so he is to deliver them over to the Captains and Officers of that Regiment and to call upon them to whom it appertains to see them duly executed In the presence of his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel he is to be an assistant unto them in seeing all orders and directions duly performed and in their absence he hath the same authority and command as they He ought after he hath received the Word and Orders from the Serjeant-Major-General or Serjeant-Major of the Brigade he presently delivers them to his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel and afterwards to the Serjeants of every Company drawn in a Ring according to the Seniority of their Captains which are to come and attend upon him for the same In the absence of his Superiour Officers he giveth the Word himself every night he is to visit all the Guards of the Regiment commanding them duly to keep the turns of their Watches and Marches seeing that one Captains Company perform not more duty than another to the end that both the honour and labour may be equally divided among so he may exercise the whole Regiment being thereunto required by his Colonel or Lieut. Colonel in all their Distances Facings Doublings Wheelings and False firings or in their absence of himself he hath full power so to do To conclude he ought to be well grounded in all Military Affairs and to be both wise and valiant Of a Lieutenant-Colonel HE that is a Lieutenant-Colonel to a Regiment hath a very honourable place having power and command over all the Regiment in the absence of his Colonel and may also at such time exercise the Regiment in all the Military Motions and is to lead the Regiment upon the head thereof but when his Colonel is present he bringeth up the Reer if they march in one Division but if in two in some places he leadeth the second as his Colonel doth the first or if in three as formerly is shewen he commands the Van-guard the Colonel the Battail and the Major the Reer-guard His place is not of so great pains and toyl as the Majors is therefore he ought in the drawing up of the Regiment to be helpful and assisting unto him in that particular and in all others where he shall think fit To conclude the greatest affairs of the Regiment being carried forth by the Major there is the less remaining to be spoken concerning him but that he see all things duly observed throughout the Regiment according unto such orders received from those which are above him Of a Colonel IT concerneth every Colonel to take care that his Companies be full and compleat if it may be that they be well provided of Arms and to take cognizance what Exercises are continually performed by them communicating Orders and commanding all Officers of his Regiment what is