thrust this hot iron thorow a pipe or cane made for the same purpose lest it should harm any sound part by the touch thereof and thus the putrefaction the cause of the arosion may be staid But if the hole be on the one side between two teeth then shall you file away so much of the sound tooth as that you may have sufficient liberty to thrust in your wier without doing any harm The forms of Files made for filing the teeth Worms breeding by putrefaction in the roots of the teeth Causes of worms in the teeth shall be killed by the use of causticks by gargles or lotions made of vineger wherein either pellitory of Spain hath been steeped or treacle dissolved also aloes and garlick are good to be used for this purpose Setting the teeth on edge happens to them by the immoderate eating of acrid or tart things or by the continual ascent of vapours endued with the same quality Causes of setting the teeth on edge from the orifice of the ventricle to the mouth or by a cold defluxion especially of acrid phlegm falling from the brain upon the teeth or else by the too excessive use of cold or stupifying liquors This affect is taken away if after general medicines and shunning those things that cherish the disease the teeth be often washed with aqua vitae or good wine wherein sage rosemarie cloves nutmegs and other things of the like nature have been boiled CHAP. XXVII Of drawing of teeth TEeth are drawn either for that they cause intolerable pains which will not yield to medicines or else for that they are rotten and hollowed so that they cause the breath to smell or else for that they infect the sound and whole teeth and draw them into the like corruption or because they stand out of order Besides when they are too deep and strongly rooted so that they cannot be plucked out they must oft-times be broken of necessity that so you may drop some caustick thing into their roots which may take away the sense and consequently the pain A caveat in drawing of teeth The hand must be used with much moderation in the drawing out of a tooth for the jaw is sometimes dislocated by the too violent drawing out of the lower teeth But the temples eyes and brain are shaken with greater danger by the too rude drawing of the upper teeth Wherefore they must first be cut about that the gums may be loosed from them then shake them with your fingers and do this until they begin to be loose for a tooth which is fast in and is plucked out with one pull oft-times breaks the jaw and brings forth the piece together therewith Lib. 7. cap. 18. whence follows a fever and a great flux of blood not easily to be staid for blood or pus flowing out in great plenty is in Celsus's opinion the sign of a broken bone and many other malign and deadly symptomes Some have had their mouths drawn so awry during the rest of their lives that they could scarce gape Besides if the tooth be much eaten the hole thereof must be filled either with lint or a cork or a piece of lead well fitted thereto lest it be broken under your forceps when it is twitched more straitly to be plucked out and the root remain ready in a short time to cause more grievous pain But judgment must be used and you must take special care lest you take a sound tooth for a pained one for oft-times the Patient cannot tell for that the bitterness of pain by neighbourhood is equally diffused over all the jaw The manner of drawing teeth Therefore for the better plucking out a tooth observing these things which I have mentioned the Patient shall be placed in a low seat bending back his head between the tooth-drawers legs then the tooth-drawer shall deeply scarifie about the tooth separating the gums therefrom with the instruments marked with this letter A. and then if spoiled as it were of the wall of the gums it grow loose it must be shaken and thrust out by forcing it with the three-pointed levatory noted with this letter B. but if it stick in too fast and will not stir at all then must the tooth be taken hold of with some of these toothed forcipes marked with these letters C. D. E. now one then another as the greatness figure and site shall seem to require I would have a tooth-drawer expert and diligent in the use of such toothed mullets for unless one know readily and cunningly how to use them he can scarce so carrie himself but that he will force out three teeth at once oft-times leaving that untoucht which caused the pain Instruments for scraping the teeth and a three-pointed levatorie The effigies of Forcipes or Mullets for the drawing of teeth The form of another Instrument for drawing of teeth What to be done when the tooth is pluckt out After the tooth is drawn let the blood flow freely that so the part may be freed from pain and the matter of the tumor discharged Then let the tooth-drawer press the flesh of the gums on both sides with his fingers whereas he took out the tooth that so the socket that was too much dilated and oft-times torn by the violence of the pluck may be closed again Lastly the mouth shall be washed with oxycrate and if the weather be cold the Patient shall take heed of going much in the open air lest it cause a new defluxion upon his teeth CHAP. XXVIII Of cleansing the Teeth PIeces of meat in eating sometimes stick between the teeth Causes of foul or rusty teeth and becoming corrupt by long staying there do also hurt the teeth themselves and spoil the sweetness of the breath He that would eschew this ought presently after meat to wash his mouth with wine mixed with water or oxycrate and well to cleanse his teeth that no slimie matter adhere to them Many folks teeth by their own default gather an earthy filth of a yellowish colour which eats into them by little and little as rust eats into iron This rustie filthiness or as it were mouldiness of the teeth doth also oft-times grow by the omitting of their proper duty that is of chawing Whence soever this slimie filth proceeds we must get Dentifrices to fetch it off withall The cure and then the teeth must be presently rubbed with aqua fortis and aqua vitae mixed together that if there be any thing that hath scaped the Dentifrices it may be all fetched off A caution in the use of acrid things yet such acrid washings are hurtful to the sound teeth for that they by little and little consume and waste the flesh of the gums Dentifrices shall be made of the root of marsh-mallows boiled in white wine and allom and as when the teeth are loose we must abstain from such things as are hard to be eaten and chawed but much more from
incited to take this pains who knowing the disability of understanding this Author in Latin or French in many of the weaker members of the large body of their profession dispersed over this Kingdome and the rest of his Majesties Dominions whose good and encrease in knowledge may be wisht that so they may be the better enabled to do good to such as shall implore their aid in their profession There are some I know will blame me for Englishing this work as laying open the mysteries of a worthy Art to the unworthy view of the vulgar To such I could answer as Vide Aul. Gel. l. 2. c. 4. Aristotle did to Alexander but for the present I will give them these reasons which I think may satisfie any but the purposely malicious the first is drawn from the goodness of the thing as intended for those that want such guides to direct them in their Art for it is commonly granted that Bonum quo communius eo melius Secondly it hath been the custom of most Writers in all ages and Countries thus to do Hippocrates Galen and the other Greeks writ in their mother tongue the mysteries of their Art thus did Celsus Serenus and others in Latin Mesue Avicen Serapio and others in Arabick as also to go no further our author writ this work in his native French and learned men have done the like in this and all other Arts. And it is a great hinderance to us in these dayes that we must be forced to learn to understand two or three tongues before we can learn any science whereas the Ancients learned and taught theirs in their mother tongue so that they spent a great deal less time about words and more upon the study of that Art or Science they intended to learn and follow Thirdly I must tell you that Ex libris nemo evasit Artifex No man becomes a workman by books so that unless they have had some insight in the Art and be in some sort acquainted both with the terms of Art as also with the knowledge and use of the instruments thereto belonging if by reading this or any other Book of the like nature they become Surgeons I must needs liken them as Galen doth another sort of men Gal. de simp l. 6. to Pilots by book only to whose care I think none of us would commit his safety at Sea nor any if wise will commit themselves to these at land or Sea either unless wholly destitute of other The other things whereof I must give you notice are these The figures in the Anatomy are not the same used by my Author whose were according to those of Vesalius but according to those of Bauhine which were used in the work of Dr. Crook and these indeed are the better and more compleat Also pag. 519. I thought it better to give the true figure of the Helmet floured Aconite mentioned out of Pliny than to reserve the feigned picture of Matthiolus which in our Author was encreased with the further fiction of a Helmet I have in some few places in the margent which you shall find marked with a star put short annotations for the better illustration of that which is obscure c. I have also in the Text to the same purpose here and there put two or three words contained in these limits which I find here and there turned into a plain Parenthesis especially toward the latter end of the book but the matter is not great Further I must acquaint you that the Apology and Voyages being the last part of this work and not in the Latin but French editions were translated into English out of French by George Baker a Surgeon of this City since that time as I hear dead beyond the Seas This is all Courteous Reader that I have thought necessary to acquaint thee withall concerning this which I would desire thee to take with the same mind that it is presented to thee by him that wisheth thee all happiness Thomas Johnson THE AUTHORS EPISTLE DEDICATORIE To HENRY the third the most Christian King of France and Poland EVen as most Christian King we see the members of mans body by a friendly consent are alwayes busied and stand ready to perform those functions for which they are appointed by nature for the preservation of the whole of which they are parts so it is convenient that we which are as it were Citizens of this earthly Common-wealth should be diligent in the following of that calling which by Gods appointment we have once taken upon us and content with our present estate not carried away with rashness and envy desire different and divers things whereof we have no knowledg He which doth otherwise perverts and defiles with hated confusion the order and beauty on which this Universe consists Wherefore when I considered with my self that I was a member of this great mundane body and that not altogether unprofitable I endeavoured earnestly that all men should be acquainted with my duty and that it might be known how much I could profit every man For God is my witness and all good men know that I have now laboured fifty years with all care and pains in the illustration and amplification of Chirurgery and that I have so certainly touched the mark whereat I aimed that Antiquity may seem to have nothing wherein it may exceed us beside the glory of invention nor posterity any thing left but a certain small hope to add some things as it is easie to add to former inventions In performance whereof I have been so prodigal of my self my watchings faculties and means that I spared neither time labour nor cost whereby I might satisfie and accomplish my own desires this my great work and the desires of the studious Neither may we doubt but their studies would at length wax cold if they only furnished with the Theorick and precepts in Schools and that with much labour should see no manual operation nor manifest way of performing the Art For which cause I seeking the praise and profit of the French Nation even with the hinderance of my particular estate have endeavoured to illustrate and increase Chirurgery hitherto obscure either by the infelicity of the former ages or the envy of the Professors and not only with precepts and rules but being a lover of carved works I beautified it with 300. forms or graven figures and apt delineations in which whosoever shall attentively look shall finde five hundred anatomical or organical figures belonging to the Art if they be reckoned particularly To every of these I have given their names and shewed their use lest they should seem to have been put in vainly for ostentation or delight But although there be few men of this profession which can bring so much authority to their writings either with reason or experience as I can notwithstanding I have not been so arrogant but intending to publish my work I first communicated it with men the most excellent in the Art of
Connexion when we search whether every thing be in its proper place and whether they be decently fitted and well joined together We have handled the varieties of the four seasons of the Year when we treated of Temperaments But the consideration of Region because it hath the same judgment that the Air shall be referred to that disquisition or enquiry which we intend to make of the Air amongst the things Not-natural Diet. The manner of life and order of Diet are to be diligently observed by us because they have great power either to alter or preserve the Temperament But because they are of almost infinite variety therefore they scarce seem possible to fall into Art which may prosecute all the differences of Diet and Vocations of life Wherefore if the Calling of Life be laborious as that of Husbandmen Mariners and other such trades it strengthens and dries the parts of the body Although those which labour much about Waters are most commonly troubled with cold and moist diseases although they almost kill themselves with labour Again those which deal with Metals as all sorts of Smiths and those which cast and work brass are more troubled with hot diseases as Feavers But if their Calling be such as they sit much and work all the day long sitting at home as shoomakers it makes the body tender the flesh effeminate and causeth great quantity of excrements A life as well idle and negligent in body as quiet in mind in all riotousness and excesses of Diet doth the same For from hence the body is made subject to the Stone Gravel and Gout That calling of life which is performed with moderate labour clothing and diet The commodities of an indifferent Diet. seems very fit and convenient to preserve the natural temper of the body The ingenious Chirurgion may frame more of himself that may more particularly conduce to the examination of these things Therefore the things natural and those which are near or neighbouring to them being thus briefly declared the Order seems to require that we make enquiry of things Not-natural CHAP. XII Of things Not-natural THe things which we must now treat of Why they are called things Not-natural have by the later Physitians been termed Not-natural because they are not of the number of those which enter into the constitution or composure of mans body as the Elements Humors and all such things which we formerly comprehended under the name of Natural although they be such as are necessary to preserve and defend the body already made and composed Wherefore they were called by Galen Preservers because by the due use of them the body is preserved in health Also they may be called Doubtful and Neuters for that rightly and fitly used they keep the body healthful but inconsideratly they cause diseases Whereby it comes to pass that they may be thought to pertain to that part of Physick which is of preserving health not because some of these things should be absolutely and of their own nature wholsom and others unwholsom but only by this that they are or prove so by their convenient or preposterous use Therefore we consider the use of such like things from four conditions Quantity Quality Occasion and Manner of using If thou shalt observe these thou shalt attain and effect this Galen 1. ad Glauconem That those things which of themselves are as it were doubtful shall bring certain and undoubted health For these four Circumstances do so far extend that in them as in the perfection of Art the Rules which may be prescribed to preserve health are contained But Galen in another place hath in four words comprehended these things Not-natural as things Taken Applyed Expelled and to be Done Things Taken are those which are put into the body either by the mouth or any other way Lib. de Sanitat tuenda as the air meat and drink Things applyed are those which must touch the body as the Air now mentioned affecting the body with a diverse touch of its qualities of heat cold moisture or driness Expelled are what things soever being unprofitable are generated in the body and require to be expelled To be Done are labour rest sleep watching and the like We may more distinctly and by expression of proper Names revoke all these things to six Which are Air. Meat and Drink Labour and Rest Sleep and Watching Repletion and Inanition or things to be expelled or retained and kept Perturbations of the Mind CHAP. XIII Of the Air. AIR is so necessary to life that we cannot live a moment without it if so be that breathing How necessary for Life the Air is and much more transpiration be not to be separated from life Wherefore it much conduceth to know what Air is wholsom what unwholsom and which by contrariety of qualities fights for the Patient against the disease or on the contrary by a similitude of qualities shall nourish the disease that if it may seem to burden the Patient by increasing or adding to the disease we may correct it by Art So in curing the wounds of the head especially in winter we labour by all the means we may to make the air warm For cold is hurtful to the Brain Bones and the wounds of these parts and heat is comfortable and friendly But also the Air being drawn into the body by breathing when it is hotter than ordinary doth with a new warmth over-heat the heart lungs and spirits and weaken the strength by the dissipation of the Spirits too much attenuated so being too cold in like manner the strength of the faculties faints and grows dull either by suppression of the vapors or by the inspissation or thickning of the Spirits Therefore to conclude That Air is to be esteemed healthful which is clear subtil and pure What Air is hurtful free and open on every side and which is far remote from all carion-like smels of dead carkases or the stench of any putrefying thing whatsoever the which is far distant from standing pools and fens and caves sending forth strong and ill vapors neither too cloudy nor moist by the nearness of some river Such an Air I say if it have a vernal temper is good against all diseases That Air which is contrary to this is altogether unhealthful as that which is putrid shut up and prest by the straitness of neighbouring Mountains infected with some noisom vapor And because I cannot prosecute all the conditions of Airs fit for the expelling of all diseases as which are almost infinite it shall suffice here to have set down what we must understand by this word Air. Three things are understood by the name of the Air. Physitians commonly use to understand three things by the name of Air The present state of the Air the Region in which we live and the season of the Year We spoke of this last when we treated of Temperaments Wherefore we will now speak of the two former
ends in a point like the prow of a Ship but the outer obtuse like the stern of a Ship The fourth Bone of those which have names is called Cuboides from the resemblance of a Die although that similitude be very obscure The Os Cuboides or Die-bone On the fore-part it sustains the toes which by a certain proportion to the fingers of the hand may be called the ring and little toes but it is sustained on the hind-part with the back-part of the heel on the inner side it is joyned with the Boat-like bone and that nameless bone which sustains the middle toe on the out-side it produces a rising like the back of an Ass which on the lower part is extended transversly all the length thereof at the two sides of this eminency or rising there are two small cavities in form of a channel The Ossa innominata or nameless bones The first and the greater of the Ossa innominata or nameless bones sustains the great toe the lesser and second the next toe thereto the third and middle in bigness the middle toe These three bones are arched on their upper part but somewhat hollowed below They are knit to the three fore-mentioned bones by Synarthrosis of which they are received The bones of the foot or Pedium but on the hind-part with the Boat-like bone which they receive Now we must come to the bones of the second rank that is of the Pedium or back of the foot these are five in number bearing up the five bones of the toes They are somewhat gibbous on the upper part but hollow below each of them hath two processes at the end thereof by the lower and first of which they receive the three nameless and Die-bone but by the upper made into a round head they are received of the first bones of the toes Their connexions whether with the toes or bones of the instep are by Synarthrosis The bones of the toes The ligaments as well proper as common are such as we said of the former The bones of the third order now remain to be spoken of which we said makes the toes and they are fourteen two of the great toe but three of each of the other toes The first is somewhat longish but the rest are very short except that of the great toe all of them on the upper side are round and convex but on the lower somewhat hollow and plain long-wise that the tendons which bend them may pass more straitly and safely without inclining to either side even to their furthest joynts although such passages are much helped by the membranous and common ligament which rising from the sides of these bones involves these tendons as we mentioned in the fingers To conclude each of these bones the last excepted have a double connexion by Diarthrosis they are all unequal in their bigness that is thick at their beginning where they receive the heads of the precedent bones upon which they move as a dore upon the hinges and so they grow smaller towards the ends but by their ends they are received of the following bones at their ends they rise into two eminencies on their sides distinguished by a cavity between them through which occasion they are far thicker at their ends than in their middle The Ligaments by which their connexions are fastned are such as the former The Ossa sesamoidea or Seed-bones of the feet are like in number and site to these of the hands But this is to be noted The seed-bones of the foot that those seed-bones which are in the first articulation are somewhat bigger than the rest and they are round and longish on the outside but smooth and hollow on the inside seated between two cavities encompassed by three risings of which two are on the sides and the third in the midst of the extremity of the first bone of the Pedium The twofold use of the feet which chiefly bears up the great toe To conclude before we come to speak of the Muscles we must observe that the foot was made for two commodities The first is to stay and bear the whole body when we stand for which cause Nature set not the great toe contrary to the other as it placed the thumb on the hand The other is for apprehension or taking hold of wherefore Nature framed and made the foot and these moveable and jointed in the Toes as in the fingers of the hand Besides also for that we must go upon our feet Nature hath made them in some places hollow on the lower side and in othersome plain in a triangular figure that so our feet may carry us over every soil plain mountainous equal and unequal through all parts of the world CHAP. XXXIX Of the Muscles moving the Foot Their number THe Muscles of the Leg moving the Foot are absolutely nine three in the fore-part and six in the hind Two of the three fore-muscles bend the foot when they joyntly perform their action but when severally each draws it to his side the third chiefly extends the toes for otherwhiles it seems by its slenderer and longer tendon which exceeds not that bone of the Pedium which sustains the little toe to help also to bend the foot Musculus Peronaeus The first is called Peronaeus because it descends alongst the bone Perone The other the Tibiaeus anticus for that it descends along the Os Tibiae or bone of the leg The third from its action is called the Digitum-tensor or Toe-stretcher For their original the Peronaeus which seems two have two heads descends from the upper appendix of the Perone or Shin-bone by its first head but by the other from the middle of the same bone from the foreside into the hind as the superficies shews which passes between the fore and outward line of the said bone but after it arrives at the lower and hinder appendix of the same bone behind the outer ankle it produces two tendons which by the guidance of the Ligaments as well proper as common go the thicker under the sole of the foot ending in the Die-bone and that bone of the Pedium which sustains the great toe the lesser goes on the outside to the Die-bone and the last and least bone of the Pedium which bears up the little toe sometimes a slender portion thereof is produced even to the side of the little toe Tibiaeus anticus extending and drawing it from the rest The Tibiaeus anticus or fore-leg muscle proceeding from the upper and outer appendix of the leg-bone descends above the surface of the same bone which is between the fore and outer-line to which it adheres as also to that surface even to the midst from which place it produces one tendon which descending on the fore and lowest part ends on the outside into two of the nameless bones that is into the first which is the thicker and into the middlemost but besides by a slender portion
Toe so to draw it from the rest to which same action a certaine flesh contained under the sole of the feet may serve which is stretched even to these Toes that also it may serve to hollow the foot The four Lumbrici The 4 Lumbrici or Wormy-muscles follow next which from the membrane of the deep Toe-bender are inserted into the inner and side part of the four toes so to draw them inwards by a motion contrary to that which is performed by the Pâ—diosus The Interosses or bone-bound Muscles of the Pedium or back of the foot remain to be spoken of These are eight in number four above and as many below The description of the upper and lower Interosses different in their original insertion and action for the upper because they draw the foot outwards with the pediosus arise from the fore and inner part of that bone of the Pedium which bears up the little toe and so also the rest each in its order are inserted into the outward and fore-part of the following bone The lower on the contrary pass from the fore and outer part of that bone of the Pedium which bears up the great Toe and so each of the rest in its order but are inserted into the inner and upper part of the following bone so with the wormy-muscles to draw it inwards or to hollow the foot outwards or to flat the foot as we said of the Interosses of the hand CHAP. XLI An Epitome or brief recital of the Bones of a Man's Body THe whole Head which hath the least consists of 60 bones but that which hath most of 63. that is 14 of the Cranium or Skull 14 or 17 of the Face and 32 Teeth The bones of the Scull 14. Of the bones of the Skull there be 8 containing and 6 contained the containing are the Os frontis or Fore-head bone the Nowl-bone the two bones of the Synciput the two Stony-bones the Wedg-bone and the Sive-like or Spongy-bone But the contained are six shut up in the cavity of the Ears the Anvil Hammer and Stirrop The bones of the face 15. For the bones of the Face there are six within or about the Orb of the Eye that is on each side three two Bones of the Nose two lesser Jaw-bones and two bigger which are alwayes in beasts seen distinguished by a manifest difference but it is so rare in men that I have not found it as yet therefore these only are distinguished by manifest difference two which contain all the upper teeth the two inner of the palate the two of the lower Jaw in children and last of all the Os Cristae whence the middle gristle or partition of the Nose arises The teeth 32. The two and thirty Teeth are equally distributed in the upper and lower Jaws and of these there be eight Shearers four fangs or Dog-teeth and twenty Grinders The bone Hyoides And there is another Bone at the root of the tongue called Os Hyoides alwayes composed of three bones sometimes of four The bones of the Spine 34. 2 Collar-bones The ribs 24. The bones of the Sternon 3. The bones of the whole arm 62. Now follow the Bones of the Spine or Back-bone which are just four and thirty that is seven of the Neck twelve of the Chest five of the Loins six of the Holy-bone and four of the Rump Besides there are two Bones of the Throat or Collar-bones The Ribs are twenty four that is fourteen true and ten bastard-ribs The bones of the Sternon or Breast-bone most frequently three otherwhiles seven as sometimes in young bodies Hence coming to the Arms there are reckoned 62. beginning with the Shoulder-blade as there are two Shoulder-blades two Arm-bones four Bones of the Cubit that is two Ell-bones and two Wands sixteen of the Wrist eight of the After-wrist and thirty of the Fingers into this number also come the Sesamâ—idea or Seed-bones of which some are internal and these always twelve at the least although sometimes there may be more found a great part of which rather merit the name of gristles than bones there are others external if we believe Silvius The first sheweth the fore-part of the Sceleton of a Man c. The Declaration of these three figures put into one A 3 The Coronal Suture called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 B 2 3 the Suture like the letter λ called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 C 2 the sagittal suture called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 D 2 3 the scale-like Conjunction called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 α 2 3 Os verticis or Syncipitis the bone of the Synciput called Os 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 3 the forehead bone that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 λ 2 3 the bone of the number 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 δ 2 3 the bones of the temples 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ξ 3 an appendix in the temple-bone like a Bodkin 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ζ 1 2 3 a process in the Temple-bone like thâ— teat of a dug called therefore Mâ—millaris and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 E 2 3 the 〈◊〉 bone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ε 3 the stâ—â—â— part of the Sku◠θ 3 a prâ—cess of the â—edg-bone much like the wing of a Bat and therefore called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The bones of the whole Leg 66. Now remain the bones of the Leg which if we reckon the Ossa Ilium on each side three as in young bodies it is fit they should they are sixty six besides the Seed-bones that is to say two Haunch-bones two Share-bones two Huckle-bones two Thigh-bones two Whirlbones of the Knees four of the Leg that is two Leg-bones and two Shin-bones Fourteen of the Instep as two Heel two Pastern two Boat-like two Die and six Nameless bones Ten of the Pedium or back of the foot that is five in each foot and twenty eight of the Toes and as many seed-bones in the feet as the hands enjoy But I have thought good to add these figures for the better understanding of what hath been spoken hereof The 2 and 3 Figure sheweth the back-side of the Sceleton and the lateral part of the Sceleton F 1 2 3 the yoak-bone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 G 1 3 the lower jaw I K L M N 1 2 3 the back or the spine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 From I to K the neck 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 From K to L the Rack-bones of the Chest From L to M the Rack-bones of the Loins From M to N the holy-bone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 N the Rump-bone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 O 1 3 the Brest-bone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 P 1 3 the Sword-like gristle of the brest 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Char. 1 3 as far as to 12. in all three Tables shew the twelve ribs of the Chest 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Q 1 the clavicles or Collar-bones 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 R 1 2 3 the Shoulder-blade 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 λ
into three extend it Besides these the four Twin-muscles and two Obturatores of which the one is internal and the other external turn the Thigh about The Leg hath eleven that is the long the membranous the four Postici or Hind-muscles three of which come from the Huckle-bone but the other from the commissure of the Share-bone the right the two vast the Crureus or Leg-muscle and the Popliteus or Ham-muscle These seated in the Leg for the use of the Foot and Toes are three fore and six hind-muscles two of the fore bend the Foot one of which is called the Tibiaeus anticus the other Peronaeus which you may divide into two The third the bender of the Toes although it also partly bend the foot to which also the bender of the thumb may be revoked One of the hind is the Toe-benders others extend the foot and are in this order two Twins one Plantaris one Soleus one Tibiaeus posticus and the great bender of the Toes to which may be revoked the bender of the Thumb Of the sixteen seated in the foot one is above seated on the back of the Foot which we call the Abductor of the Toes another in the sole of the Foot to wit the little bender of the Toes which goes to the second joynt of the Toes alongst the inside of the foot the other lends his help to the great Toe which you call the Abductor of the Thumb another is seated on the outside for the use of the little Toe To these are added the four Lumbrici besides the eight Interosses or if you had rather ten And thus much may suffice for the ennumeration of the Muscles The Figure of the Muscles when the Skin within Veins the Fat and all the fleshy Membranes are taken away that p rt of the flâ—â—â—y Mâ—mbrâ—â—e â—xe pâ—eâ— which takes upon it the nature of a Muscle as being conjoyned with the Muscles a The muscle of the fore-head b the temporal muscle c the muscle shutting the eye-lid d the muscle opening the wings of the nose e the fore-part of the yoak-bone f the muscle of the upper lip tending to the nose g the beginning of the masseter â—â— grinding muscle h the bread muscle consisting of a fleâ—â—y membrane i â— the beginning thereof which rises immediately from the câ—ler-bone and the top of the shoulder l that part thereof which bends forwards to l. m the muscle which lifts up the â—rm n the pectoral muscle o the membranous part of this muscle which is joyned to the nervous part of the first muscle of the Abdomen or belly q q the fleshy portion thereof from the 6 and 7 ribs and the insertion thereof r the muscle drawing down the arm s the oblique descending muscle of the lower belly t t t the insertion of the great saw-muscle u u the linea alba or white-line at which the two oblique descendent muscles meet covering the whiâ—e â—ll x the yard the skin being taken away y the vessels of seed α the testicles wrapped in the fleshy memâ—râ—n◠β â—h fore-muscle lending the cubit γ γ the kind muscle bending the cubit δ the muscle extending the cubit θ th fore-headed muscle extending the wrist ε the muscle producing the broad tendon on the back of the hand ζ his tendon ε the muscle turning up the wand θ the upper muscle flatting the Wand â— the sâ—c nd of the Arm-benders whose beginning is χ and tendon λ. ο a portion of the muscle whereof one part yields tendons to the Wrist the other to the Thumb σ the flesh-less articulation of the thumb Ï a muscle inserted into the wrist lying neer to the following muscle σ a muscle divided into two tendons the one whereof is inserted into the first joynt of the thumb the other into the following Ï„ the first muscle of the thigh whose head is at Ï… and tendon at φ and insertion at χ â— the end of the second muscle of the thigh ο the end of the third muscle of the Thigh 1 the sixt muscle of the leg his beginning at 2. almost wholly membranous at 3. 4 the ninth muscle of the leg 5 the eighth of the leg 6 a portion of the sixth and seventh of the thigh 7 the Glandules of the groins 8 the eighth of the thigh 9 the second of the leg 11 the innermost of the ankle 12 the sixth muscle of the foot his original 13. 14 and 15 the seventh of the foot 16 the tendon of the muscle lifting up the great Toe 17 the muscles extending the four other toes 18 the abductor of the great Toe 19 a transverse ligament 20 a tendon of the ninth muscle of the foot 21 the first muscle 22 the fourth muscle of the foot 23 the tendon of the third muscle 24 a muscle bending the third bone of the four lesser toes The Seventh BOOK Of TVMORS against NATVRE in General CHAP. I. What a Tumor against Nature vulgarly called an Impostume is and what be the differences thereof AN Impostume commonly so called is an affect against Nature What an Impostume vulgarly so called is The material causes of Impostumes or unnatural tumors composed and made of three kind of Diseases distemperature ill-Conformation and Solution of Continuity concurring to the hindering or hurting of the Action An humor or any other matter answering in proportion to a humor abolishing weakning or depraving of the office or function of that part or body in which it resides causeth it The differences of Impostumes are commonly drawn from five things quantity matter accidents the nature of the part which they affect or possess and lastly their efficient causes I have thought good for the better understanding of them to describe them in this following Scheme A Table of the differences of Tumors The differences of Impostumes are drawn principally from five things that is From their quantity by reason whereof Impostumes are called Great which are comprehended under the general name of Phlegmons which happen in the fleshy parts by Galen Lib. de Tumor contra naturam lib. 2. ad Glauconem Indifferent or of the middle sort as Fellons Small as those which Avicen calls Bothores i. e. Pushes and Pustules all kind of Scabs and Leprosies and lastly all small breakings out From their accidents as Colour from whence Impostumes are named white red pale yellow blew or black and so of any other colour Pain hardness softness and such like from whence they are said to be painful not painful hard soft and so of the rest From the matter of which they are caused and made which is either Natural or Hot and that either Cold that either Sanguin from whence a true Phlegmon Cholerick from whence a true Erysipelas Phlegmatick from whence a true Oedema Melancholick from whence a perfect Scirrhus Not-natural which hath exceeded the limits of its natural goodness from whence illegitimate Tumors therefore of a sanguine humor of a cholerick humor of a phlegmatick humour of
blows as with Stones Clubs Staves the report of a peece of Ordnance or crack of Thunder and also a blow with ones hand Lib. 5. Epidem Thus as Hippocrates tells that beautiful Damosel the daughter of Nerius when she was twenty yeers old was smitten by a woman a friend of hers playing with her with her flat hand upon the fore-part of the head and then she was taken with a giddiness and lay without breathing and when she came home she fell presently into a great Feaver her head aked and her face grew red The seventh day after there came forth some two or three ounces of stinking and bloudy matter about her right Ear and she seemed somewhat better and to be at somewhat more ease The Feaver encreased again and she fell into a heavy sleepiness and lost her speech and the right side of her face was drawn up and she breathed with difficulty she had also a convulsion and trembling both her tongue failed her and her eyes grew dull on the ninth day she dyed But you must note that though the head be armed with a helmet yet by the violence of a blow the Veins and Arteries may be broken not only these which pass through the Sutures The vessels of the brain broken by the commotion thereof but also those which are dispersed between the two Tables in the Diploe both that they might bind the Crassa meninx to the Skull that so the Brain might move more freely as also that they might carry the alimentary juyce to the Brain wanting Marrow that is bloud to nourish it as we have formerly shewed in our Anatomy But from hence proceeds the efflux of bloud running between the Skull and Membranes Signs or else between the Membranes and Brain the bloud congealing there causeth vehement pain and the Eyes become blind Vomitting is caused Celsus the mouth of the Stomach suffering together with the Brain by reason of the Nerves of the sixt conjugation which run from the Brain thither and from thence are spread over all the capacity of the ventricle whence becoming a partaker of the offence it contracts it self and is presently as it were overturned whence first The cause of vomitting when the head is wounded those things that are contained therein are expelled and then such as may flow or come thither from the neighbouring and common parts as the Liver and Gall from all which Choler by reason of its natural levity and velocity is first expelled and that in greatest plenty and this is the true reason of that vomitting which is caused and usually follows upon fractures of the Skull and concussions of the Brain Within a short while after inflammation seizes upon the Membranes and Brain it self which is caused by corrupt and putrid bloud proceeding from the vessels broken by the violence of the blow and so spread over the substance of the Brain Such inflammation communicated to the Heart and whole body by the continuation of the parts causes a Feaver But a Feaver by altering the Brain causes Doting to which if stupidity succeed the Patient is in very ill case according to that of Hippocrates Stupidity and doting are ill in a wound or blow upon the Head Aph. 14. sect 7. But if to these evils a Sphacel and corruption of the Brain ensue together with a great difficulty of breathing by reason of the disturbance of the Animal faculty which from the Brain imparts the power of moving to the Muscles of the Chest the Instruments of Respiration then death must necessarily follow A great part of these accidents appeared in King Henry of happy memory A History a little before he dyed He having set in order the affairs of France and entred into amity with the neighbouring Princes desirous to honour the marriages of his daughter and sister with the famous and noble exercise of Tilting and he himself running in the Tilt-yard with a blunt-lance received so great a stroak upon his Brest that with the violence of the blow the vizour of his helmet flew up and the trunchion of the broken Lance hit him above the left Eyebrow and the musculous â—kin of the Fore-head was torn even to the lesser corner of the left Eye many splinters of the same Trunchion being struck into the substance of the fore-mentioned Eye the Bones being not touched or broken but the Brain was so moved and shaken that he dyed the eleventh day after the hurt What was the necessary cause of the death of King Henry the second of France His Skull being opened after his death there was a great deal of bloud found between the Dura and Pia Mater poured forth in the part opposite to the blow at the middle of the Suture of the hind-part of the Head and there appeared signs by the native colour turned yellow that the substance of the Brain was corrupted as much as one might cover with ones Thumb Which things caused the death of the most Christian King and not only the wounding of the Eye as many have falsly thought For we have seen many others who have not dyed of farr more grievous wounds in the Eye The History of the Lord Saint-Johns is of late memory he in the Tilt-yard A History made for that time before the Duke of Guises house was wounded with a splinter of a broken Lance of a fingers length and thickness through the visour of his Helmet it entring into the Orb under the Eye and piercing some three fingers bredth deep into the head by my help and Gods favour he recovered Valeranus and Duretus the Kings Physitians and James the Kings Chirurgeon assisting me What shall I say of that great and very memorable wound of Francis of Lorain the Duke of Guise He in the fight of the City of Bologne had his head so thrust through with a Lance A History that the point entring under his right Eye by his Nose came out at his Neck between his Ear and the Vertebrae the head or Iron being broken and left in by the violence of the stroak which stuck there so firmly that it could not be drawn or plucked forth without a pair of Smith's pincers But although the strength and violence of the blow was so great that it could not be without a fracture of the Bones a tearing and breaking of the Nerves Veins and Arteries and other parts yet the generous Prince by the favour of God recovered By which you may learn that many dye of small wounds and other recover of great yea Why some die of small wounds and others recover of great very large and desperate ones The cause of which events is chiefly and primarily to be attributed to God the Author and Preserver of Mankind but secondarily to the variety and condition of Temperaments And thus much of the commotion or concussion of the Brain whereby it happens that although all the Bone remains perfectly whole yet some veins broken
water you must heat them very hot and so the air which is contained in them will be exceedingly rarified which by putting them presently into water will be condensate a much and so will draw in the water to supply the place ne detur vacuum Then put them into fire and it again ratifying the water into air will make them yield a strong continued and forcible blast The cause of the report and blow of a Cannon Ball-bellows brought out of Germany which are made of brass hollow and round and have a very small hole in them whereby the water is put in and so put to the fire the water by the action thereof is rarified into air and so they send forth wind with a great noise and blow strongly assoon as they grow throughly not You may try the same with Chesnuts which cast whole and undivided into the fire presently fly asunder with a great crack because the watry and innate humidity turned into wind by the force of the fire forcibly breaks his passage forth For the air or wind raised from the water by rarifaction requires a larger place neither can it now be contained in the narro◠〈◊〉 or skins of the Chesnut wherein it was formerly kept Just after the same manner Gunâ—der being fired turns into a far greater proportion of air according to the truth of that Philosophical proposition which saith Of one part of earth there are made ten of water of one of water ten of air and of one of air are made ten of fire Now this fire not possible to be pent in the narrow space of the piece wherein the powder was formerly contained endeavours to force its passage with violence and so casts forth the Bullet lying in the way yet so that it presently vanishes into air and doth not accompany the Bullet to the mark or object which it batters spoils and breaks asunder Yet the Bullet may drive the obvious air with such violence that men are often sooner touched therewith than with the Bullet and dye by having their bones shattered and broken without any hurt on the flesh which covers them which as we formerly noted it hath common with Lightning We find the like in Mines when the powder is once fired it removes and shakes even Mountains of earth In the year of our Lord 1562. A History a quantity of this powder which was not very great taking fire by accident in the Arcenal of Paris caused such a tempest that the whole City shook therewith but it quite overturned divers of the neighbouring houses and shook off the â—yles and broke the windows of those which were further off and to conclude like a storm of Lightning it laid many here and there for dead some lost their sight others their hearing and othersome had their limbs torn asunder as if they had been rent with wild Horses and all this was done by the only agitation of the air into which the fired Gun-powder was turned Just after the same manner as windes pent up in hollow places of the earth which want vents The cause of an Earthquake For in seeking passage forth they vehemently shake the sides of the Earth and raging with a great noise about the cavities they make all the surface thereof to tremble so that by the various agitation one while up another down it over-turns or carries it to another place For thus we have read that Megara and Aegina anciently most famous Cities of Greece were swallowed up and quite over-turned by an Earthquake I omit the great blusterings of the winds striving in the cavities of the earth which represent to such as hear them at some distance the fierce assailing of Cities the bellowing of Bullets the horrid roarings of Lions neither are they much unlike to the roaring reports of Cannons These things being thus premised let us come to the thing we have in hand Amongst things necessary for life there is none causes greater changes in us than the Air which is continually drawn into the Bowels appointed by nature and whether we sleep wake or what else soever we do we continual draw in and breathe it out Through which occasion Hippocrates calls it Divine for that breathing through this mundane Orb it embraces nourishes defends and keeps in quiet peace all things contained therein friendly conspiring with the Stars from whom a divine vertue is infused therein For the air diversly changed and affected by the Stars doth in like manner produce various changes in these lower mundane bodies And hence it is that Philosophers and Physitians do so seriously with us to behold and consider the culture and habit of places and constitution of the air when they treat of preserving of health or curing diseases For in these the great power and dominion of the air is very apparent as you may gather by the four seasons of the year for in Summer the air being hot and dry heats and dryes our bodies but in Winter it produceth in us the effects of Winters qualities that is of cold and moisture yet by such order and providence of nature that although according to the varieties of seasons our bodies may be variously altered yet shall they receive no detriment thereby if so be that the seasons retain their seasonableness from whence if they happen to digress they raise and stir up great perturbations both in our bodies and minds whose malice we can scarse shun because they encompass us on every hand and by the law of Nature enter together with the air into the secret Cabinets of our Bodies both by occult and manifest passages For who is lie How the air becomes hurtful that doth not by experience find both for the commodity and discommodity of his health the various effects of winds wherewith the air is commixt according as they blow from this or that Region or quarter of the world Wherefore seeing that the South-wind is hot and moist the North-wind cold and dry the East-wind clear and fresh the West wind cloudy it is no doubt but that the air which we draw in by inspiration carries together therewith into the Bowels the qualities of that wind which is then prevalent Whence we read in Hippocrates Aphor. 17. sect 3. that changes of times whether they happen by different winds or vicissitude of seasons chiefly bring diseases For Northerly winds do condense and strengthen our Bodies and make them active well coloured and during by resuscitating and vigorating the native heat But Southern winds resolve and moisten our Bodies make us heavy-headed dull the hearing cause giddiness and make the Eyes and Body less agile as the Inhabitants of Nâ—rbon find to their great harm who are otherwise ranked among the most active people of France But if we would make a comparison of the seasons and constitutions of the year by Hippâ—crates decree Droughts are more wholesome and less deadly than Rains I judg for that too much humidity is the mother of
of Vines Rosemary and Orris roots For the same purpose you may sprinkle the floor with sweet water A sweet water if the Patient be able to undergo such cost As â„ž majoranae menthae radic cyperi calami aromat salviae lavendulae faenicul thymi stoechad fâ—â—r chamaem melilot satureiae baccarum lauri juniperi an M. iij. pulv caryophyl nucis Moschat an â„¥ j. aqua rosar vitae an lib. ij vini albi boni odorifici lb. x. Perfumes to burn bulliant omnia in balneo Mariae ad usum dictum You may also make perfumes to burn in his chamber as thus â„ž carbonis salicis â„¥ viij ladani puri â„¥ ij thuris masculi ligni baccarum Juniperi an â„¥ j. xylâ—aloes benjoini styracis calamit an â„¥ ss Nuâ—is moschatae santal citriu an Ê’ iij. caryophyll styracis liquidae an Ê’ ij zedoariae calami ar mat an Ê’ j. gummi tragracanth aqua rosar soluti quod sit satis Make hereof perfumes in what fashion you please For the rottenness and corruption of bones we wil treat thereof hereafter in due place CHAP. XII Certain memorable Histories HEre I think good for the benefit of young practitioners to illustrate by examples the formerly prescribed Method of curing Wounds made by Gunshot The famous and most valiant Count of Mansfelt Governour of the Dutchy of Luxembourg Knight of the Order of Burgundy coming to the aid of the French King was at the Battel of Moncontour The malign symptoms which usually happen upon wounds made by Gunshot where in the conflict he received so great a wound at the joint of the left arm with a Pistol-bullet that the bones were shivered and broken in so many pieces as if they had been laid upon an Anvil and struck with an hammer hence proceeded many malign symptoms as cruel and tormenting pain inflammation a feaver an oedematous and flatulent tumor of the whole arm even to the fingers end and a certain inclination to a Gangraene which to resist Nicolas Lambert and Richard Habert the King's Chirurgeons had made many and deep scarifications But when I came to visit and dress him by the Kings appointment and had observed the great stench and putrefaction I wished that they would use lotions of Aegyptiacum made somewhat stronger then ordinary and dissolved in Vinegar and Aqua vitae and do other things more largely spoken of in the Chapter of a Gangraene For the Patient had also a Diarrhoea or Flux whereby he evacuated the purulent and stinking filth which flowed from his Wound Which how it might come to pass we will show at large when we come to treat of the suppression of the Urine Matter may flow from the wounded limbs into the belly For this seemed very absurd to many because that if this purulent humor flowed out of the arm into the belly it must needs flow back into the veins be mixed with the bloud and by its pernicious and contagious passage through the heart and liver cause exceeding ill symptoms and lastly death Indeed he often swounded by the ascent of the filthy vapours raised from the ulcer to the noble parts which to resist I wished him to take a spoonful of Aqua vitae with some Treacle dissolved therein I endeavoured to repress the oedematous and flatulent Tumor possessing all the arm with stoups dipped in Oxycrate A brief recital of the manner of the cure to which was put a little Salt and Aqua vitae these stoups I stayed and held to the part with double cloaths sowed as strait as I could Such a compression held the broken bones in their places pressed their Sanies from the ulcers and forced back the humors flowing to the part into the center of the body If at any time I omitted this compression the tumor was so encreased that I was in a great deal of fear lest the native heat of the part should be suffocated Neither could I otherwise bind up the arm by reason of the excessive pain which molested the Patient upon the least stirring of the arm There were also many Abcesses about his elbow and over all his arm besides For the letting forth of whose matter I was forced to make new Incisions which he endured very stoutly At length I cured him with using a vulnerary potion and by cleansing the ulcers and correcting the putrefaction with Aegyptiacum dissolved in wine and honey of Roses and so poured into the ulcers and repressing the growth of proud flesh with the powder of burnt Alum drying it after the detersion with liniments Now this I can truly affirm and profess that during the time of the cure I took out above threescore splinters of bones and those necessarily amongst which there was one of the length of ones finger yet by Gods assistance at length he became sound in all things but that he could not put forth or draw in his arm Not long after by the Kings command I went to see Charles Philip of Croy Lord of Auret the Duke of Asches brother not far from Mounts a City of Henalt He kept his bed seaven months by reason of a wound made by a Bullet the space of three fingers above his knee Horrid symptom occasioned by a wound made by Gun-shot When I came to him he was afflicted with these symptoms intolerable pain a continual feaver cold sweats watchings excoriation of the hippes by reason of his long lying upon them his appetite dejected with much thirst He oft sunk down as if he had the Falling-sickness had a desire to vomit and a continual trembling or shaking so that he could not put one hand to his mouth without the assistance of the other he swounded frequently by reason of the vapours ascending to the noble parts For the thigh-bone was broken long-ways and side-wayes with many splinters of bones whereof some were plucked out others remained sticking fast in He besides also had an ulcer in his groin which reached to the midst of his thigh many other sinuous ulcers about his knee All the muscles of his thigh and leg were swoln with a flegmatick cold and flatulent humor so that almost all the native heat of those parts seemed extinct All which things being considered I had scarse any hope to recover him so that I repented my coming thither Yet at length putting some confidence in his strength and prime of youth I began to have better hopes Therefore with his good liking first of all I made two Incisions so to let forth the matter which lying about the bone did humect the substance of the muscles Incisions wherefore made This had happy success and drew out a great quantity of matter then I with a Syringe injected much Aegyptiacum dissolved in Wine and a little Aqua vitae into these Incisions so to restrain and amend the putrefaction repress the spongie loose and soft flesh resolve the oedematous and flatulent tumor asswage the pain and stir
they be either shaken or removed out of their sockets must be restored to their former places and tyed with a gold or silver wyer or else an ordinary thred to the next firm teeth untill such time as they shall be fastened and the bones pefectly knit by a Callus To which purpose the ordered fragments of the fractured bone shall be stayed by putting a splint on the outside made of such leather as shoe-soals are made The description of a fit ligature for the under Jaw the midst thereof being divided at the Chin and of such length and breadth as may serve the Jaw then you shall make ligation with a ligature two fingers broad and of such length as shall be sufficient divided at both the ends and cut long-wayes in the midst thereof that so it may engirt the chin on both sides Then there will be four heads of such a ligature so divided at the ends the two lower whereof being brought to the crown of the head shall be there fastned and sowed to the Patients night-cap The two upper drawn athwart shall likewise be sowed as artificially as may be to the cap in the nape of the neck It is a most certain sign that the Jaw is restored and well set if the teeth fastened therein stand in their due rank and order The Patient shall not lye down upon his broken Jaw lest the fragments of the bones should again fall out and cause a greater defluxion Unless inflammation In what time it may be healed or some other grievous symptom shall happen it is strengthened with a Callus within twenty dayes for that it is spongious hollow and full of marrow especially in the midst thereof yet sometimes it heals more slowly according as the temper of the Patient is which takes also place in other fractured bones The agglutinating and repelling medicin described in the former chapter shall be used as also others as occasion shall offer it self The Patient must be fed with liquid meats which stand not in need of chewing untill such time as the Callus shall grow hard lest the scarce or ill-jointed fragments should fly in sunder with the labour of chewing Therefore shall he be nourished with water-grewel ponadoes cullasses barley-creams gellies broths rear-egs restaurative liquors and other things of the like nature CHAP. VIII Of the fracture of the Clavicle or Collar-bone AS the nature and kinde of the fractured Clavicle shall be Hipp. sent 63. sect 1 de art so must the cure and restoring thereof be performed But howsoever this bone shall be broken alwayes the end fastened to the shoulder and shoulder-blade is lower than that which is joyned to the chest for that the arm drawes it downwards The collar-bone if broken athwart is more easily restored and healed than if it be cloven long-wayes For every bone broken athwart doth more easily return into its former state or seat whiles you lift it up on this or that side with your fingers But that which is broken schidacidon or into splinters or long-wayes is more difficultly joined and united to the ends and fragments for those pieces which were set will be plucked asunder even by the least motion of the arms and that which was knit with the shoulder will fall down to the lower part of the breast The reason of which is the collar-bone is not moved of its self but consents in motion with the arm In restoring this or any other fracture How to restore the fractured Clavicle The first way you must have a care that the bones ride not one over another neither be drawn nor depart too far in sunder therefore it will be here convenient that one servant draw the arm backwards and another pull the shoulder towards him the contrary way for so there will be made as I may so term it a counter-extension While which is in doing the Surgeon with his fingers shall restore the fracture pressing down that which stood up too high and lifting up that which is pressed down too low Some that they may more easily restore this kind of fracture The second way put a clew of yarn under the Patients arm-pit so to fill up the cavity thereof then they forcibly press the elbow to the ribs and then force the bone into its former seat But if it happen The third way that the ends of the broken bones shall be so deprest that they cannot be drawn upwards by the forementioned means then must the Patient be laid with his back just between the shoulders upon a pillow hard stuffed or a tray turned with the bottom upwards and covered with a rug or some such thing Then the servant shall so long press down the Patients shoulders with his hands untill the ends of the bones lying hid and pressed down fly out and shew themselves Which being done the Surgeon may easily restore or set the fractured bone But if the bone be broken so into splinters that it cannot be restored and any of the splinters prick and wound the flesh and so cause difficulty of breathing you then must cut the skin even against them and with your instrument lift up all the depressed splinters and cut off their sharp points so to prevent all deadly accidents which thereupon may be feared If there be any fragments they after they are set shall be covered with a knitting medicin made of wheat flour frankincense bole armeniack sanguis draconis resina pini made into powder and mixed with the whites of eggs putting upon it splints covered with soft worn linnen rags covered over likewise with the same medicin and then three boulsters dipped in the same two whereof shall be laid upon the sides but the third and thickest upon the prominent fracture so to repress it and hold it in How to bind up the fractured clavicle For thus the fragments shall not be able to stir or lift themselves up further than they should either to the right side or left Now these boulsters must be of a convenient thickness and breadth sufficient to fill up the cavities which are above and below that bone Then shall you make fit ligation with a rowler having a double head cast cross-wise of a hands breadth and some two ells and a half long more or less according to the Patients body Now he shall be so rowled up as it may draw his arm somewhat backwards and in the interim his arm-pits shall be filled with boulsters especially that next the broken bone for so the Patient may more easily suffer the binding Also you shall wish the Patient that he of himself bend his arm backwards and set his hand upon his hip as the Country Clowns use to do when they play at leap-frog But how great diligence soever you use in curing this sort of fracture yet can it scarce be so performed It is a difficult matter perfectly to restore a fractured clavicle but that there will some deformity remain in
shall lessen the matter of the disease by phlebotomie if that the Gout shall arise from the blood from the opposite part that by the same means revulsion and evacuation may be made Whence blood must be let in the Gout as if the upper parts be inflamed blood shall be drawn from the lower if on the contrary the lower out of the upper alwaies observing the straightness of the fibres Thus the right arm being troubled with a gouty inflammation the Sapheia of the right leg shall be opened and so on the contrary but if this general blood-letting being premised the pain shall not cease it will be requisite to open the vein next to the pain which I have often performed with happy success Yet phlebotomie hath not the like effect in all What gouty persons finde nâ— benefit by phlebotomy for it is not availeable to such as are continually and uncertainly troubled with gouty pains or whose bodies are weak and cold wherein phlegm only is predominant We may say the same of purging for though it be oft-times necessarie yet too frequently re-iterated it proves hurtful furthermore neither of these remedies is usually very profitable to such as observe no order in meat drink which use venerie too intemperately who abound with crude and contumacious humors whose joints by long vexation of the disease have contracted an hectick distemper and weakness so that they are departed from their natural constitution and suffer a great change of their proper substance In what Gout diet proves more effectual then medicines Wherefore as often as these greater remedies shall be used a Physician shall be called who according to his judgment may determine thereof For oft-times diet proveth more available then medicines therefore the patient if the matter of the Gout be hot shall either drink no wine at all or else very much allaied that is as much as his custom and the constitution of his stomach can endure A fit time for purging and bleeding is the Spring and Autumnn because according to the opinion of Hippocrates Aph 55. sect 6. Gouts reign chiefly in these seasons in Autum for that the heat of the precedent Summer debilitateth the digestive faculty the native heat being dissipated as also the eating of summer-fruits hath heaped up plenty of crude humors in the body which easily flow down into the passages of the joints opened and dilated by the Summers heat add hereunto that the inequality or variableness of Autumn weakneth all nervous parts and consequently the joints But in the Spring for that the humors forced inward by the coldness of the Winter are drawn forth from the centre to the circumference of the body and being attenuated fall into the joints upon a very small occasion therefore there is great both necessitie and opportunity for evacuation which if it shall not avert the accustomed fit yet it will make it more gentle and easie CHAP. X. Of Vomiting To what gout vomiting is to be used VOmiting is by all the Antients exceedingly commended not only for the prevention but also for the cure especially when as the matter floweth from the brain and stomach for the phlegmatick serous and cholerick humors which usually flow from the joints are excluded and diverted by vomit and also there is attenuation of that phlegm which being more thick and viscid adhereth to the roots of the stomach yet you must consider and see that the patient be not of too weak a stomach and brain for in this case vomiting is to be suspected For the time What time the fittest therefore such as have excrementitious humors flowing down to the stomach through any occasion as by exercise and motion must vomit before they eat on the contrary such as are overcharged with an old congestion of humors must vomit after they have eaten something Certainly it is safer vomiting after meat then it is before For the drie stomach cannot unless with great contention and straining free it self from the viscid humors impact in the coats thereof and hence there is no small danger of breaking a vein or arterie in the chest or lungs especially if the patient be straight-chested and long-necked the season cold and he unaccustomed to such evacuation An history I remember that with this kinde of remedy I cured a certain Gentleman of Geneva grievously molested with a cruel pain in his shoulder and thereby impotent to use his left arm the Physicians and Surgeons of Lions seemed to omit nothing else for his cure For they had used purgeing phlebotomie hunger a diet-drink of Guaiacum and China although his disease was not occasioned by the Lues Venerea and divers other topick medicines neither yet did they any thing avail Now lea ning by him that he was not apt to vomit but that it was difficult to him How to make one vomit easily I wished him to feed more plentifully and that of many and sundry meats as fat meats onions leeks with sundry drinks as beer ptisan sweet and sharp wine and that he should as it were over-charge his stomach at his meal and presently after get him to his bed for so it would happen that nature not endureing so great confusion and perturbation of meats and drinks whereof some were corrupted already in the stomach and other-some scarce altered at all nature not enduring this confusion and perturbation would easily and of its own accord provoke the stomach to vomit which that it might the better succeed he should help forward natures endeavor by thrusting his finger or a feather into his throat that so the thick and tenacious phlegm might by the same means be evacuated and not content to do thus once I wished him to do the like the second and third day following Lib. de rat victis for so it verifieth that saying of Hippocrates The second and third day exclude the reliques of the first afterwards that he should vomit twice a month chaw mastick fasting rub his neck and the pained part with aqua vitae strengthened by infusing therein lavander rosemarie and cloves grosly beaten confirm his arm by indifferent exercise he performed all this and so became free from his pain and recovered the use of his arm Those who do not like such plentiful seeding shall drink a great quantity of warm water wherein radish roots have been boiled and they shall have a care least by using their stomachs to this excretion by vomit they weaken the digestive and retentive faculty thereof Wherefore such as can naturally shall think it sufficient to vomit twice a month CHAP. XI The other general remedies for the Gout How diureticks are good for the Gouâ— THe defluxion of serous humors is very fitly diverted from the joints by the urine by the use of diu etick medicines Therefore the roots of sorrel parslie ruscus asparagus and grass and the like shall be boiled in broth and given to such as have the Gout for when
sweat runs a quite contrary course and this is the opinion of many and great Physcians Hip aph ult sect 6. This first decoction being boiled out and strained the like quantity of water shall be put to the stuff or mass that so being boiled again without any further inâ—usion and strained with the addition of a little cinnamon for the strengthening of the stomach the patient may use it at his meals and between his meals if he be drie for his ordinary drink How and in what quantity the decoction must taken The quantity of the first decoction to be taken at once ought to be some five or six ounces and it shall be drunk warm that so it may be the sooner brought into action and least the actual coldness should offend the stomach and then the patient being well covered shall keep himself in bed and there expect sweat which if it come slowly on it shall be helped forwards with stone-bottles filled full of water and put to the sores of the feet If any parts in the interim shall be much pained they shall be comforted by applying of swines-bladders half filled with the same decoction heated Neither will it be unprofitable before the decoction be drunk to rub over all the body with warm linnen clothes that by this means the humors may be attenuated and the pores of the skin opened When he shall have sweat some two hours the parts opposite to the grieved places How to drie the sweat of the body shall first be wiped then presently but more gently the grieved parts themselves least a greater conflux of humors flow thereto These things being done he shall keep himself in bed shunning the cold air untill he be cooled and come to himself again some two hours after he shall so dine as the disease and his former custome shall seem to require six hours after betakeing himself to his bed he shall drink the like quantity of the decoction and order himself as before But if he be either weak or weary of his bed it shall be sufficient to keep the house without lying down for although he shall not sweat yet there will be a great dissipation of the vapors and venenate spirits by insensible transpiration for the Lues venerea by the only communication of these often times catcheth hold and propagates it self in lying with a bedfellow tainted therewith But as it is requisite to have let blood and purged the body by the advice of a Physician before the taking of the decoction of Guaicum so whilst he doth take it it much conduceth to keep the belly soluble which is much bound by the heat and driness of such a drink and to preserve the purity of the first veins by a glyster How long this decoct on must be used or laxative medicine taken every fifth or sixth day But for the use of it we muâ—â— warily observe taking indication not only from the malignity and contumacy of the disease but also from the particular nature of the patient for such as have their body wasted by heat and leanness and their skin drie and scaly whence you may gather a great adustion of the humors as it were a certain incineration of the habit of the body must more sparingly make use of these things but rather temper the body by humecting things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly as bathes ointments without Quick-silver and other such like things And then a very weak decoction of Guaicum shall be used for a few dâ—ies before your unction with Quick-silver A more plentiful diet The manner of diet as it draws forth the disease which of its own nature is long so a more sparing and slender diet makes the ulcers more rebellious and contumacious by a hectick dryness Therefore a middle course must be kept and meats made choice of which are fit and naturally engender good and laudable juice in the body For it is not only great ignorance but much mo e cruelty to go about to contain all patients without any difference within the strait allowance of four ounces of Ship-bisket and twelve damask prunes for I judg it far better to diet the patient with Lamb Veal Kid Pullets fat Larks and black-birds as those which have a greater familiarity with our bodies then Prunes and the like Junkets Let his bread be made of white wheat To whom and what manner of wine may be allowed well leavened neither too new or tough neither too old or hard Let his drink be made of the mass or strainings of the first decoction of Guaicum boiled with more water as was formerly mentioned yet if there arise any great weakness of the faculties you may permit the use of some little wine drinking especially before each a cup of the last mentioned decoction Let him avoid sleep presently after meat for so the head is filled with gross vapors Passions or perturbations of the minde must also be avoided for that by these the spirits are inflamed and dissipated all the delights of honest pleasure are to be desired but venery wholly avoided as that which weakens all the nervous parts The description of China Many instead of a decoction of Guaicum use a decoction of China Now this China is the root of a certain Rush knotty rare and heavy when it is fresh but light when it is waxed old it is also without smell whence many judge it void of any effectual quality it is brought into use out of India it is thus prepared it is cut into thin round slices boiled in fountain or river water and is given to patients to drink morning and evening after this manner â„ž rad chin in taleol The preparation sect â„¥ ii aquae font lbxii infundantur per hor. xii coquantur ad consumption tertiae partis Let him take â„¥ vi in the morning and so much at night let him expect a sweat in his bed a second decoction may be made of the mass remaining of the first but with a less quantity of water put thereto which also by longer boiling may draw forth the strength remaining in the mass and be used at meals for ordinary drink There are some who make a third decoction thereof but that is wholly unprofitable and unuseful Of Sarsaparilla Sarsaparilla is prepared also just after the same manner CHAP. IX Of the second manner of cureing the Lues Venerea which is performed by friction or unction THe cure of the Lues Venerea which is performed by unction and friction is more certain yet not in every kinde condition and season thereof For if the disease be inveterate from an humor tough gross viscous and more tenaciously fixed in the solid parts as you may gather by the knotty tumors of the bones for then we are so far from doing any good with a friction used at the first that on the contrary we bring the patient in danger of his life When the body
his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bit with venomous beasts If they bind broom above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venom from dispersing it self or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venom from going any nearer the heart Some take of the root of Elecampane Gentian Tormentil Kermes-berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half a dram they do bruise and beat all these and infuse them for the space of four and twenty hours in white wine and aqua vitae on the warm embers and then strain it and give the patient three or four ounces thereof to drink this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poysons and the potion following hath the same virtue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a bean A Potion dissolve them in white wine and a little aqua vitae and let the patient drink it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with half a dram of Treacle and vinegar under the embers and then strain it and mix the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrel Carduus Benedictus or any other cordial thing and with strong wine and give the paticet to drink thereof to provoke sweat to repel the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a Nut of Rue and celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little aqua vitae then strain it and give the patient thereofto drink There besome that do drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallows with three ounces of Vinegar and half an ounce of the oil of Wall-nuts and then by much walking do unburthen their stomach and belly upwards end downwards and so are helped When the venomous air hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dried leaves of the Bay-tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunk is thought to be a most soveraign medicine to provoke sweat loosnes of the belly and vomiting Matthiolus in his Treatise de Morbo gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the Electuary de Gemmis will drive away the pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit loosness of the belly and seat one dram of Calcauchum of white Copperas dissolved in Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oil of Scorpions with white wine to expel the the poyson by vomit and therewithall they annoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrists of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and well exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but only move the humors whereby cometh a Fever When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomach and with-hold the agitation or working of the humors and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptoms which happen together with the Plague and first of the pain of the head The cause of phrensie in the Plague IF the malignity be carried into the brain and nature be not able to expel it it inflames not only it but also the menbranes that cover it which inflamation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgment and sometimes the memory according to the situation of the inflamation whether it be in the former or hinder or middle part of the head but hereof cometh alwaies a Phrensie with fiery redness of the eies and face and heaviness and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with Clysters and with opening the Cephalick vein in the arm the arteries of the Temples must be opened taking so much blood out of them The benefit of opening an artery as the greatness of the Symptoms and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truly the incision that is made in opening an arterie will close and joyn together as readily and with as little difficulty as the incision of the vein And of such an incision of an artery cometh present help by reason that tensive and sharp vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious blood It were also very good to provoke a flux of blood at the nose Aph. 10. sect 6. if nature be apt to exonerate her self that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieved or generally aketh if matter water or blood flow out at the nostrils mouth or ears it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be provoked by strong blowing or striving to cleanse the nose by scratching or pricking of the inner side of the nostrils by pricking with an hors hair and long holding down of the head An history The Lord of Fontains a Knight of the Order when we were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two dayes and thereby be was freed of a pestilent Fever which he had before a great sweat arising there-withall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration To stay bleeding and by Gods grace he recovered his health being under my cure If the blood do flow out and cannot be stopped when it ought the hands arms and legs must be tied with hands and sponges wet in Oxycrate must be put under the arm-holes cupping glasses must be applied unto the dugs the region of the Liver and Spleen and you must put into the nostrils the doun of the willow-tree or any other astringent medicine incorporated with the hairs plucks from he flank belly or throat of an Hare Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata the juice of Plantaine and Knot-grass mixed together and furthermore the patient must be placed or laied in a cool place But if the patient be nothing mitigated notwithstanding all these fluxes of blood we must come to medicines that procure sleep whose forms are these Medicines to procure sleep Take of green Lettuce one handful flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each two pugils one head of white-Poppy bruised of the four cold seeds of each two drams of Liquorice and Raisins of each one dram make thereof a decoction and in the straining dissolve one ounce and a half of Diacodium make thereof a large potion to be given when they go to rest Also Barly-cream may be prepared in the water of water-Lillies and of Sorrel of each two ounces adding thereto six or eight grains of Opium of the four cold seeds and of white-Poppy seeds of each half an ounce and let the same be boiled in broth with Lettuce and Purslain also the pils de Cynoglesso i. e. Hounds-tongue
were by a cerâ—ain divine rule It is termed the minde because it is mindfull of things past in recalling and remembring them And it is called the vigor or courage beâ—â—◠〈…〉 vigor and courage to the sluggish weight or mass of the body And lastly it is 〈◊〉 the sense and understanding because it comprehendeth things that are sensible and intelliâ—â—â—â— Because it is incorporeal it cannot occupie a place by corporeal extention although notwithstanding it filleth the whole body It is simple because it is but one in essence not increased not diminished for it is no less in a Dwarf then in a Giant and it is like perfect and great in an 〈◊〉 as in a man according to its own nature But there are three kindes of bodies informed by a soul whe eby they live Three kindes of living bodies The superiours soul containeth in it self all the powers of the inferiour the first being the most imperfect is of plants the second of brute beasts and the third of men The plants live by a vegetative beasts by a sensitive and men by an intellective soul And as the sensitive soul of brute beasts is endued with all the virtues of the vegetative so the humane intellective comprehenceth the virtues of all the inferior not separated by any division but by being indivisibly united with reason and understanding into one humane form and soul whereon they depend But because wee have said a little before that divers functions of the life are resident and appear in divers parts of the body here in this place omitting all others we will prosecute those only which are accounted the principal The principal functions of the humane soul according to the opinion of many are four in number proceeding from so many faculties and consequently from one soul they are these What the common sense The function of the common sense is double The Common Sense Imagination Reasoning and Memory And they think that the common or interiour sense doth receive the formes and images of sensible things being carried by the spirit through the passage of the nerves as an instrument of the external senses as it were a messenger to go between them and it serves not only to receive them but also to know perceive and discern them For the eie wherein the external sense of seeing consisteth doth not know white or black Therefore it cannot discern the differences of colours as neither the tongue tastes nor the nose savours nor the ears sound nor lastly the hands their touching quality yea the eye doth not of it selfe perceive that it seeth nor the nose that it smelleth nor the ears that they hear nor the tongue that it tasteth nor the hands that they touch For all these things are the offices and functions of the common sense for this sense knoweth that the eye hath seen some thing either white black red a man horse sheep or some such like material thing yea even when the sight is gone and past and so likewise the nose to have smelled this or that savour the ear to have heard this or that sound the tongue to have tasted this or that taste and the hand to have touched this or that thing be they never so divers For all the external senses and all the functions thereof do end and are referred to the Common sense as it were the lines of a circle from the circumference into the center as it is expressed in this figure For which cause it is called the common or principal sense for that therein the primitive power of feeling or perceiving is situated for it useth the ministery or service of the external senses what cause the internal sense is called the common sense The common sense understandeth or knoweth those things that are simple only to know many and divers things whose differences it doth discern and judge but simple things that are of themselves and without any composition and connexion which may constitute anthing true or false or any argumentation belongeth only to the minde understanding or reason For this was the counsel of nature that the external sences should receive the forms of things superficially lightly and gently only like as a glass not to any other end but that they should presently send them unto the Common sense as it were unto their center and prince which he that is to say the Common sense delivereth to be collected unto the understanding or reasoning faculty of the soul which Avicen and Averrcis have supposed to be situated in the former paâ— of the brain What imagination is Next unto the common sense followeth the phantasie or imagination so called because of it arise the formes and Ideas that are conceived in the minde called of the Greeks Phantaâ—mata This doth never rest but in those that sleep neither alwaies in them for ofttimes in them it causeth dreams and causeth them to suppose they see and perceive such things as were never perceived by the senses not which the nature of things not the order of the world will permit The power of this faculty of the minde is so great in us that it often bringeth the whole body in subjection unto it For it is recorded in history that Alexander the Great sitting at Table and hearing Timotheus the Musician sing a Martial sonnet unto his Cythern that he presently leaped from the Table and called for arms but when again the Musician mollified his tune he returned to the table and sate down as before The power of imagination caused by musical harmony was so great that it subjected to it the courage or the worlds conquerour by whose various motion it would now as it were cause him to run headlong to arms and then pacifie and quiet him and so cause him to return to his chair and banquetting again And there was one whosoever it was who some few years agon seeing the Turk dance on a rope on high with both his feet fastned in a basin turned his eyes from so dangerous a sight or spectacle although came of purpose to see it and stricken with such fear that his body shook and heart quaked for fear lest that by sudden falling down headlong he should break his neck Many looking down fron an high and lofty place are so stricken with fear that suddenly they fall down headlong being so overcome and bound with the imagination of the danger that their own strength is not able to sustain them Therefore it manifestly appeareth that God hath dealt most graciously and lovingly with us who unto this power of imagination hath joyned another that is the faculty or power of reason and understanding which discerning false dangers and perils from true doth sustain and hold up a man that he may not be overthrown by them What Reason is After this appeareth and approacheth to perform his function the faculty of Reason being the Prince of all the principal faculties of the soul which bringeth together composeth joyneth and
of the name Lib. 15 de civit Dei cap. 22. 23. POwerful by these fore-mentioned arts and deceits they have sundry times accompanied with men in copulation whereupon such as have had to do with men were called Succubi those which made use of women Incubi Verily St. Augustine seemeth not to be altogether against it but that they taking upon them the shape of man may fill the genitals as by the help of nature to the end that by this means they may draw aside the unwary by the flames of lust from virtue and chastity An historie John Rufe in his Book of the conception and generation of man writes that in his time a certain woman of monstrous lust and wondrous imprudency had to do by night with a Devil that turned himself into a man and that her belly swelled up presently after the act and when as she thought she was with childe she fell into so grievous a disease that she voided all her entrails by stool medicines nothing at all prevailing Another The like history is told of a servant of a certain Butcher who thinking too attentively on Venerous matters a Devil appeared to him in the shape of a woman with whom supposing it to be a woman when as he had to do his genitals so burned after the act that becomming enflamed he died with a great deal of torment An opinion confuted Neither doth Peter Paludanus and Martin Arelatensis think it absurd to affirm that Devils may beget children if they shall ejaculate into the womans womb seed taken from some man either dead or alive Yet this opinion is most absurd and full of falsity mans seed consisting of a seminal or sanguinous matter and much spirit if it run otherwaies then into the womb from the testicles and stay never so little a while it loseth its strength efficacy the heat and spirits vanishing away for even the too great length of a mans yard is reckoned amongst the causes of barrenness by reason that the seed is cooled by the length of the way If any in copulation after the ejaculation of the seed presently draw themselves from the womans embraces they are thought not to generate Averrois his history c nvict of falshood by reason of the air entring into the yet open womb which is thought to corrupt the seed By which it appears how false that history in Averrois is of a certain woman that said she conceived with childe by a mans seed shed in a bath and so drawn into her womb she entring the bath presently after his departure forth It is much less credible that Devils can copulate with women for they are of an absolute spirituous nature but blood and flesh are necessary for the generation of man What natural reason can allow that the incorporeal Devils can love corporeal women And how can we think that they can generate who want the instruments of generation How can they who neither eat nor drink be said to swell with seed Now where the propagation of the species is not necessary to be supplied by the succession of individuals Nature hath given no desire of Venery neither hath it imparted the use of generation but the devils once creared were made immortal by Gods appointment The illusions of the devil If the faculty of generation should be granted to devils long since all places had been full of them Wherefore if at any time women with childe by the familiarity of the devil seem to travel we must think it happens by those arts we mentioned in the former chapter to wit they use to stuff up the bodies of living women with cold clouts bones pieces of iron thorns twisted hairs pieces of wood serpents and a world of such trumpery wholly dissenting from a womans nature who afterwards the time as it were of their delivery drawing nigh through the womb of her that was falsly judged with childe before the blinded and as it were bound up eies of the by-standing women they give vent to their impostures The following history recorded in the writings of many most credible authors may give credit thereto There was at Constance a fair damosell called Margaret who served a wealthy Citizen A history she gave it out everywhere that she was with childe by lying with the devil on a certain night Wherefore the Magistrates thought it fit she should be kept in prison that it might be apparent both to them and others what the end of this exploit would be The time of deliverance approaching she felt pains like those which women endure in travel at length after many throws by the midwives help in stead of a childe she brought forth iron nails pieces of wood of glass bones stones hairs tow and the like things as much different from each others as from the nature of her that brought them forth and which were formerly thrust in by the devil to delude the too credulous mindes of men The Church acknowledgeth that devils Our sins are the cause that the devils abuse us by the permission and appointment of God punishing our wickedness may abuse a certain shape so to use copulation with mankinde But that an humane birth may thence arise it not only affirms to be false but detests as impious as which believes that there was never any man begot without the seed of man our Saviour Christ excepted Now what confusion and perturbation of creatures should possess this world as Cassianus saith if devils could conceive by copulation with men or if women should prove with child by accompanying them how many monsters would the devils have brought forth from the beginning of the world how many prodigies by casting their seed into the wombs of wilde and bruit beasts for by the opinion of Philosophers as often as faculty and will concur the effect must necessarily follow now the devils never have wanted will to disturbe mankinde and the order of this world for the devil as they say is our enemy from the beginning and as God is the author of order and beauty so the devil by pride contrary to God is the causer of confusion and wickedness Wherefore if power should acrew equall to his evil minde and nature and his infinite desire of mischief and envy who can doubt but a great confusion of all things and species and also great deformity would invade the decent and comly order of this universe monsters arising on every side But seeing that devils are incorporeal what reason can induce us to believe that they can be delighted with Venerous actions and what will can there be whereas there is no delight nor any decay of the species to be feared seeing that by Gods appointment they are immortal so to remain for ever in punishment so what need they succession of individuals by generation wherefore if they neither will nor can it is a madness to think that they do commix with man CHAP. XVII Of Magick and supernatural
mouth of the Cannon and when we perceived them that they would land they were saluted with Cannon-shot and we discovered our men of War together with our Artillery The English retire they fled to Sea again where I was glad to see their Vessels hoise sail again which was in a great number and in good order and seemed like a forrest which marched upon the Sea I saw a thing also whereat I marvelled much which was that the bullets of great pieces made great rebounds and grazed upon the water as upon the ground Now to make the matter short the English did us no harm and returned whole and found into England and left us in peace We stayd in that Country in garrison till we were assured that their Army was dispersed In the mean time our Horsmen exercised their feats of activity as to run at the ring fight in duel and others so that there was still something to employ me withall Mounsieur de Estampes to make sport and pleasure to the said Monsieur de Rohan and Laval and other gentlemen caused diverse Country wenches to come to the feasts to sing songs in Low Britain tongue where their harmony was like the croaking of Frogs while they are in love Moreover he made them dance the Britany Triory without moving feet or Buttocks Dances of the Country wenches Wrast crâ— little Britain a good wrastâ—er he made them hear and see much good Otherwhiles they caused the Wrastlers of the Cities and Towns to come where there was a Prize for the best and sport was seldome ended but that one or other had a leg or arm broken or the shoulder or hip displaced there was a little man of Low Britany of a square body and well set who held a long time the credit of the field and by his skill and strength threw five or six to the ground there came to him a great school-master who was said to be one of the best Wrastlers of all Britany he entred into the lists having taken off his long jacket in hose and doublet and being neer the little man he seemed as it he had been tied to his girdle Notwithstanding when each of them took hold of the coâ—lâ—â— they were a long time without doing any thing and they thought they would remain equal in force and skill but the little man cast himself with an ambling leap under this great Pedant and took him on his shoulder and cast him on his kidnies spread abroad like a frog and then all the company laught at the skill and strength of the little fellow This great Dative had a great spight for being cast by so little a man he rose again in choler and would have his revenge They took hold again of each others collar and were again a good while at their hold without falling to the ground in the end this great man let himself fall upon the little and in falling put his elbow upon the pitch of his stomach and burst his heart and kil'd him stark dead And knowing he had given him his deaths blow The little Britain kil'd took again his long cassock and went away with his tail between his legs and hid himself seeing that the little man came not again to himself either for wine vinegar or any other thing that was presented unto him I drew near to him and felt his pulse which did not beat at all then I said he was dead then the Britans who assisted the wrastling said aloud in their jabbering that is not in the sport And some said that the said Pedagogue was accustomed to do so and that but a year passed he had done the like in a Wrastling I would needs open the body to know the cause of this sudden death where I found much bâ—ood in the Thorax and in the inferior belly The body opened by the Author and I strived to find out any apertion in the place from whence might issue so greaâ— a quantity of blood which I could not do for all the diligence I could make Now I believe it was per Diapedesin or Anastomosin that is to say by the apertion of the mouths of the vessels or by theiâ— poroâ—ties the poor little Wrastler was buried I took leave of Messieurs de Rohan de Laval and Estamps Monsieur de Rohan gave me a present of fifty double â—uckets and an ambling-hors and Monsieur de Laval another for my man and Monsieur de Estamps a Diamond of thirty Crowns and so I returned to my house at Paris The Voyage of Parpignan 1543. A Little while after Monsieur de Rohan took me with him poste to the camp of Parpignan being there the enemy made a Sally forth and came and inclosed three pieces of our Artillery where they were beaten back to the gates of the city which was not done without hurting and killing many and amongst the rest de Brissac who was then chief master of the Artillerie received a musket shot upon the shoulders returning to his Tent all the others that were hurt followed him hoping to be drest by the Surgeons that ought to dress them Being come to his Tent and laid on his bed the bullet was searched for by three or four the most expert Surgeons of the Army who could not find it but said it was entred into his body Address of the Author In the end he called for me to see if I were more skilful then they because he had known me before in Piedmdâ—nt by and by I made him rise from his bed and prayed him to put his body into that posture as it was when he received his hurt which he did taking a Javelin between his hands as he held the Pâ—ke in the skirmish I put my hand about the wound and found the bullet in the flesh making a little tumor under the Omoplate having found it I shewed them the place where it was and it was taken out by Master Nicholas Lavernaut Surgeon to Monsieur the Dâ—lphin who was the King's Lieutenant in that army yet notwithstaneing the honor remained to me for finding it History I saw one thing of great remark which is this That a souldier in my presence gave to one of his fellows a stroke with an Halbard upon the head penetrating even to the left ventricle of the brain without falling to the ground He that stroke him said He had heard that he cheated at dice and that he had dâ—awn a great Sum of mony and that it was his custom to cheat I was called to dress him which I did as it were for the last knowing well that he would quickly dye having drest him he returned all alone to his lodging which was at least two hundred paces distant I bid one of his companions send for a Priest to dispose of the affairs of his soul he helpt him to one who staid with him to the last gasp The next day the patient sent for me by his shee-friend in a
Vandeville Governor of Gravelin and Colonel of the seventeen Ensigns of foot prayed him to give me to him to dress him of an ulcer which he had in his leg this six or seven years Monsieur de Savoy told him because I was of worth that he was content and if I rankled his leg it would be well done He answered that if he perceived any thing he would cause my throat to be cut Soon after the said Lord of Vandeville sent for me by four Germane Halberdiers which affrighted me much not knowing whether they led me they spake no more French then I heigh Dutch being arrived at his lodging he told me I was welcom and that I was his and as soon as I should have cured him of that ulcer in his leg that he would give me leave to be gon without taking any ransome of me I told him that I was not able to pay any ransome Then he made his Physician and Surgeon in ordinary to shew me his ulcerated leg having seen and considered it we went apart into a chamber where I began to tell them that the said ulcer was annual not being simple but complicated that is of a round figure and scaly having the lips hard and callous hollow and sordid accompanied with a great varicous vein which did perpetually feed it besides a great tumor and a phlegmonous distemper very painful through the whole leg in a body of cholerick complexion as the hair of his face and beard demonstrated The method to cure it if cured it could be was to begin with universal things that is with purgation and bleeding and with this order of diet that he should not use any wine at all nor any salt meats or of great nourishment chiefly those which did heat the blood afterward the cure must begin with divers scarifications about the ulcer and totally cutting away the callous edges or lips and giving a long or a triangular figure for the round will very hardly cure as the Antients have left it in writing which is seen by experience That done the filth must be mundified as also the corrupt flesh which should be done with Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and upon it a bolster dipt in juice of plantain and Nightshade and Oxycrate and rowl the leg beginning at the foot and finishing at the knee not forgetting a little bolster upon the Varicous vein to the end no superfluities should flow to the ulcer Moreover that he should take rest in his bed which is commanded by Hippocrates who saith that those who have sore legs should not use much standing or sitting but lying along And after those things be done and the ulcer well mundified a plate of lead rubded with quicksilver should be applied See then the means by which the said lord Vandeville might be cured the said ulcer all which they found good Then the Physician left me with the Surgeon and went to the Lord Vandeville to tell him that he did assure him I would cure him and told him that I had resolved to do for the cure of his ulcer wherefore he was very joyfull He made me to be called to him and asked me if I was of the opinion that this ulcer could be cured and I told him yes provided he would be obedient to what he ought He made me a promise he would perform all things which I would appoint and as soon as his ulcer should be cured he would give me liberty to return without paying any ransom Then I beseech'c him to come to a bettet composition with me telling him that the time would be too long to be out of liberty if I stayed till he was perfectly well and that I hoped within fifteen dayes the ulcer should be diminished more then one half and it should be without pain and that his Physicians and Surgeons would finish the rest of the cure very easily To which he agreed and then I took a peice of paper and cut it the largeness of the ulcer which I gave him and kept as much my self I prayed him to keep promise when he should finde his business done He swore by the faith of a Gentleman he would do it then I resolved to dress him well according to the method of Galen which was that after all strange things were taken out of the ulcer and that there wanted nothing but filling up with flesh I drest him but once a day and he found that very strange And likewise his Physician which was but a fresh man in those affairs who would perswade me with the patient to dress him two or three times a day I prayed him to let me do what I thought good and that it was not to prolong the cure but on the contrary to hasten it for the great desire I had to be in liberty And that he would look in Galen in the fourth book of the composition of medicaments secundum genera who saith that if a medicine do not remain long upon the part it profits not so much as when it doth continue long a thing which many Physicians have been ignorant of and have thought it hath been better to change the plaster often And this ill custom is so inveterate and rooted that the Patients themselves accuse often-times the Surgeons of negligence because they do not oftner remove their emplasters But they are deceived For as you have read in my works in divers places The qualities of all bodyes which mutually touch operate one against another and both of them suffer something where one of them is much stronger then the other by means whereof the said qualities are united they familiarise with the time although they are much differing from the manner that the qualitie of the medicament doth unite and sometimes becomes like to that of the body which is a very profitable thing Therefore they say he is to be praised much who first invented not to change the plaster so often because it is known by experience this is a good invention Moreover it is said great fault is committed to dress ulcers often in wiping of them hard for one takes not away only the unprofitable excrement which is the pus or Sanies of the ulcer but the matter whereof the flesh is engendered wherefore for the reasons aforesaid it is not needful to dress ulcers so often The said Lord Vandeville would see whether that which I alledged out of Galen were true and commanded the said Physician to look there for that he would know it he caused the book to be brought upon the table where my saying was found true and then the Physician was ashamed and I very joyful So that the said Lord of Vandeville desired not to be dressed but once a day insomuch that within fifteen dayes the ulcer was almost cicatrized the composition being made between us I began to be merry He made me eat and drink at his Table when there were not men of more great rank with him He gave me a great red scarf which
and at the assault the day af er they entered into the City I trepaned eight or nine who were hurt at the breach with the stroaks of stones There was so malignant an air that divers died yea of very small hurts insomuch that some thought they had poysoned their bullets those within said the like by us for althought they were well treated in their necessities within the City yet they died also as well as those without The King of Navar was hurt in the shoulder with a bullet some few daies before the assault I visited and helpt to dress him with his own Surgeon named M. Gilbert one of the chief of Montpeliar and others They could not finde the bullet I searchd for it very exactly I perceived by conjecture that it was entred by the head of the Ad jutorium and that it had ruâ— into the cavity of the said bone which was the cause we could not finde it The most part of them said it was entred and lost within the cavity of the body Monsieur the Pâ—ince of the Roch upon You who intimately loved the King of Navar drew me to one side and askt me if the wound was mortal I told him yea because all wounds made in great joints and principally contused wounds were mortal according to all Authors who had written of them Hâ— inquired of the others what they thought and chiefly of the said Gilbert who told him that he had great hope that the King his Master would be cured and the said Prince was very joyful Four dayes after the King Queen Mother Monsieur the Caldinal of Bourgon his brother Monsieur the Prince of Roch upon You Monsieur de Guise and other great personages after we had dressed the King of Navar caused a consultation to be made in their presences where there were divers Physicians and Surgeons each man said what seemed good unto him and there was not one of them who had not good hope of him saying that the King would be cured and I persisted alwaies on the contrary Monsieur the Prince of the Roch upon You who loved me withdrew me aside and said I was only against the opinion of all the rest and prayed me not to be obstinate against so many worthy men I answered him that when I saw any good signs of cure I would change my advice Divers consultations were made where I never changed my word and prognostick such as I had made at the first dressing and alwaies said that the arm would fall into a Gangrene which it did what diligence sover could be had to the contrary and he gave up his soul to God the eighteenth day of his hurt Monsieur the Prince upon You having heard of the death of the said King sent his Physician and Surgeon toward me named Feure now in ordinary to the King and the Queen-mother to tell me that he would have the bullet taken out and that it should be lookt for in what place soever it could be found then I was very joyful and told them that I was well assured to finde it quickly which I did in their presences and divers Gentlemen It was lodged in the very midst of the cavity of the Adjutory bone My said Prince having it shewed it to the King and Queen who all said my prognostick was found true The body was laid to rest in the Castle-Galliard and I returned to Paris where I found divers hurt men who were hurt at the breach of Rowen and chiefly Italians who desired me very much to dress them which I did willingly there were divers that recovered and others died I beleive my little Master you were called to dress some of them for the great number there was of them The voyage of The battle of Dreux 1592. THe day after the battle was given at Dreux the King commanded me to go dress Monsieur the Count of Eu who had been hurt with a Pistol-shot in the right thigh neer the joint of the hip which fractured and broke the Os femoris in divers places from whence divers accidents did arise and then death which was to my great grief The day after my arrival I would go to the field where the battle was given to see the dead bodies I saw a league about all the earth covered where there was by estimation five and twenty thousand men and more All which were dispatchd in the space of two hours I would my little Master for the love I bear you that you had been there to recount it to your scholars and to your children Now in the mean time while I was at Dreux I visited and drest a great number of Gentlemen and poor souldiers and amongst the rest many Swisser-Captains I dressed fourteen in one chamber only all hurt with Pistol-shot and other instruments of diabolical fire and not one of the fourteen died Monsieur the Count of Eu being dead I made no long tarrying at Dreux there came surgeons from Paris who performed well their duty towards the hurt people as Pigray Cointeret Hubert and others and I returned to Paris where I found divers Gentlemen wounded who had retired themselves thither after the battle to be drest of their hurts The voyage of the Battle of Moncontour 1596. DVring the battle of Moncontour King Charles was at Plessis the Towers where he heard they had won it a great number of hurt Gentlemen and Souldiers withdrew themselves into the City and suburbs of Towers to be drest and helpd where the King and Queen-Mother commanded me to shew my duty with the other Surgeons who were then in quarter as Pigray du Bois Portail and one named Siret a Surgeon of Towers a man very skilful in Surgery and at that time Surgeon to the Kings brother and for the multitude or the wounded we were but little in repose nor the Physicians likewise Count Mansfield Governour of the Duchy of Luxembourg Knight of the King of Spains order was greatly hurt in the battle in the left arm with a Pistol-shot which broak a great part of the joynt of the elbow and had retired himself to Bourgueil neer Towers being there he sent a gentleman to the King affectionately to beseech him to send one of his Surgeons to help him in his hurt Counsel was held what Surgeon should be sent Monsieur the Marshal of Montmorency told the King and Queen that it were best to send his chief Surgeon and declared to him that the said Lord Mansfield was one part of the cause of winning the battle The King said flat he would not that I should go but would have me remain close to him Then the Queen-Mother said I should but go and come and that he must consider it was a strange Lord who was come from the King of Spains side to help and succour him And upon this he permitted me to go provided that I should return quickly After this resolution he sent for me and likewise the Queen-Mother and commanded me to
the upper end of the table where every one drank carouses to him and mee thinking to make me foxt which they could not do For I drank but according to my old custom A few dayes after we returned back and took leave of Madam the Dutchess of Ascot who took a Diamond-ring from her finger which she gave me acknowledging I had very well drest her brother which Diamond was better worth then fifty Crowns Monsieur Auret grew better and better walked all alone round about his garden with crutches I begd leave of him divers times to come away to Paris declaring that his Physician and Surgeon would well do the rest that remained for the cure of his grief And now to begin a little to estrange my self from him I prayed him to give me leave to go see the City of Antwerp which he willingly accord d to and commanded his Steward to conduct me thither accompanied with two Pages we passed through Malignes Bruxelle where the chief of the City prayed the said Steward that at our return they might hear of it they they had a great desire to feast me as they of Monts had done I thankt them most kindely told them that I was not worthy of such honor I was two dayes a half to see the Citty of Antwerp where some Merchants knowing the Steward prayed him to do them the honour that they might bestow a dinner or supper upon us There was striving who should have us they were all very joyful to hear of the good health of the Marquess of Auret doing me more honor then I expected To conclude we came back to the Marquess making good cheer and within five of six daye I asked my leave of him which he granted with great grief and gave me an honest Present and of great value and made me be conducted by the said master of his house and two Pages even to my house at Paris I have forgot to tell you that the Spaniards have since ruined and demolisht his Castle of Auret sackt pillagd rifled and burnt all the houses Villages belonging unto him because he wouâ—d not be of their side in the slaughters and ruines of the Low Countries The Voyage of Bourges 1562. THe King with his Camp remained not long at Bourges but those within yielded it up and went out with their jewels saved I know nothing worthy of memory but that a boy of the Kings privy kitchin who beeing neer the walls of the Citty before the composition was made cried with a loud voyce Huguenot Huguenot shoot here shoot here having his arms lifted up and his hand stretched out a souldier shot his hand quite thâ—ough with a bullet having received his stroak he came and found me out to dress him My Lord high-Constable seeing the boy to have his hand all bloody and all rent and torn demanded of him who had hurt him Then there was a Gentleman who saw the shot made said it was well bestowed because he cried Huguenot shoot here shoot here Then the Said Constable Lord said this Huguenot was a good musketeer and bare a pittiful minde for it was very likely if he would have shot at his head he might have done it more easily then in the hand I dressd the said Cook who was very sick â—ut at length was cured but with lameness of his hand and ever since his companions call him Huguenot he is living The Battle of St. Dennis 1567. ANd as for the battle of Saint Dennis there were divers slain as well on one side as on the other ours being hurt went back to Paris to be dressed together with the prisoners who were taken whereof I dressed a great part The King commanded me by the request of the Lady high-Constable to go to her house to dress my Lord who had received a Pistol-shot in the middle of the sponâ—yls of his back whereby he presently lost all sence and motion of thighs legs with retention of excrements not being able to cast out his Urine nor any thing by the fundament because that the spinal marrow from whence proceed the sinews to give sence and motion to the inferiour parts was bruised broken torn by the vehemence of the bullet He likewise lost his reason and understanding and in a few dayes he dyed The Surgeons of Paris were a long time troubled to dress the said wounded people I beleive my little Master that you saw some of them I beseech the great God of victories that we may never be employed in such evil encounters and disasters The Voyage of Bayonne 1564. NOw I say moreover what I did in the Voyage with the King to Bayonne where we have been two years and more to compass all this Kingdome where in divers Cities and Villages I have been called into consultations for divers diseases with the deceased Monsieur Chaplain chief Physician to the King and Monsieur Chastellon chief to the Queen-Mother a man of great honour and knowledg in Physick and Surgery making this Voyage I was alwaies inquisitive of the Surgeons if they had marked any rare thing of remark in their practice to the end to learn some new thing Being at Bayonne there happened two things of remark for the young Surgeons The first was that I drest a Spanish Gentleman who had a grievous great impostume in his throat he came to have been touched by the deceased King Charles for the Evil. I made incision in his Aposteme where there was found great quantity of creeping worms as big as the point of a spindle having a black head and there was great quantity of rotten flesh Moreover there was under his tongue an impostume called Ranula which hindred him to uttet forth his words and to eat and swallow his meat he prayed me with his held up hands to open it for him if it could be done without peril of his person which I immediately did and found under my Lancet a solid body which was five stones like those which are drawn from the bladder The greatest was as big as an Almond and the other like little long Beans which were five in number in this aposteme was contained a slimy humor of a yellow color which was more then four spoonfuls I left him in the hands of a Surgeon of the Citty to finish his cure Monsieur de Fontain Knight of the Kings Order had a great continual pestilent Fever accompanied with divers Carbuncles in divers parts of his body who was two dayes without ceasing to bleed at the nose nor could it be stanchd and by that means the fever ceased with a very great sweat and soon after the Carbuncles ripened and were by me dressed and by the grace of God cured I have publish'd this Apology to the end that each man may know with what foot I have alwaies marched and I think there is not any man so ticklish which taketh not in good part what I have said seeing my discourse is true