blow they must not bee taken forth but restored and fastened to the next that remaine firme for in time they will be confirmed in their sockets as I tryed in Anthony de la Rue a tailour who had his jaw broken with the pommell of a dagger and three of his teeth loosened and almost shaken out of their sockets the jaw being restored the teeth were also put in their places and bound to the rest with a double waxed thread for the rest I fed the patient with broths gellyes and the like and I made astringent gargarismes of cypresse nuts myrtle berries and a little alum boyld in oxycrate and I wished him to hold it a good while in his mouth by these means I brought it so to passe that hee within a while after could chaw as easily upon those teeth as upon the other I heard it reported by a credible person that he saw a Lady of the prime nobility who instead of a rotten tooth she drew made a sound tooth drawne from one of her waiting maids at the same time to be substituted and inserted which tooth in processe of time as it were taking roote grew so firme as that she could chaw upon it as well as upon any of the rest But as I formerly said I have this but by heare-say Now the teeth are corroded or eaten in by an acride and thinne humour penetrating by a plenteous and frequent defluxion even to their roots and being there conteined it putrefies and becomming more acride it doth not only draw the teeth into the contagion of its putrefaction but also perforats and corrodes them The putrefaction may bee corrected if after generall medicines you put oile of vitrioll or aqua fortis into the hole of the eaten tooth or else if you burne the tooth it selfe to the roote with a small iron wyar being red hot you shall thrust this hot iron through a pipe or cane made for the same purpose lest it should harm any sound part by the touch therof and thus the putrefaction the cause of the arrosion may be stayed But if the hole bee on the one side between two teeth then shall you file away so much of the sound tooth as that you may have sufficient liberty to thrust in your wiar without doing any harme The formes of Files made for filing the teeth Wormes breeding by putrefaction in the roots of the teeth shall be killed by the use of causticks by gargles or lotions made of vinegar wherein either pellitory of Spain hath bin steeped or Treacle dissolved also Aloes and Garlike are good to be used for this purpose Setting the teeth on edge happens to them by the immoderate eating of acride or tart things or by the continuall ascent of vapours endued with the same quality from the orifice of the ventricle to the mouth or by a cold defluxion especially of acride phlegme falling from the braine upon the teeth or else by the too excessive use of cold or stupising liquors This affect is taken away if after generall medicines and shunning those things that cherish the disease the teeth bee often washed with aqua vitae or good wine wherein sage rosemary cloves nutmegs and other things of the like nature have bin boyled CHAP. XXVII Of drawing of teeth TEeth are drawne either for that they cause intolerable paines which will not yeeld to medicines or else for that they are rotten and hollowed so that they cause the breath to smell or else for that they infect the sound and whole teeth and draw them into the like corruption or because they stand out of order Besides when they are too deep and strongly rooted so that they cannot be plucked out they must oft times be broken of necessity that so you may drop some caustick thing into their roots which may take away the sense and consequently the paine The hand must be used with much moderation in the drawing out of a tooth for the Jaw is sometimes dislocated by the too violent drawing out of the lower teeth But the temples eyes and braine are shaken with greater danger by the too rude drawing of the upper teeth Wherefore they must first be cut about that the gums may be loosed from them then shake them with your fingers and doe this untill they begin to be loose for a tooth which is fast in and is plucked out with one pull oft-times breaks the jaw and brings forth the piece together therewith whence follow a feaver and a great fluxe of bloud not easily to be stayed for bloud or pus flowing out in great plenty is in Celsus opinion the sign of a broken bone many other maligne and deadly symptoms some have had their mouthes drawne so awry during the rest of their lives so that they could scarce gape Besides if the tooth be much eaten the hole thereof must be filled either with Lint or a corke or a piece of lead well fitted thereto lest it be broken under your forceps when it is twitched more straightly to be plucked out and the root remain ready in a short time to cause more grievous paine But judgement must be used and you must take speciall care lest you take a sound tooth for a pained one for oft-times the patient cannot tell for that the bitternesse of paine by neighbour-hood is equally diffused over all the jaw Therefore for the better plucking out a tooth observing these things which I have mentioned the patient shall be placed in a low seat bending back his head between the Tooth-drawers legs then the Tooth-drawer shall deeply scarifie about the tooth separating the gums therfrom with the instruments marked with this letter A. and then if spoyled as it were of the wall of the gums it grow loose it must be shaken and thrust out by forcing it with the three-pointed levatory noted with this letter B. but if it sticke in too fast and will not stirre at all then must the tooth be taken hold of with some of these toothed forcipes marked with these letters C. D. E. now one then another as the greatnesse figure and site shall seeme to require I would have a tooth-drawer expert and diligent in the use of such toothed mullets for unlesse one know readily and cunningly how to use them he can scarce so carry himself but that he will force out three teeth at once oft-times leaving that untoucht which caused the paine The effigies of Forcipes or mullets for the drawing of teeth Instruments for scraping the teeth and a three-pointed levatory The forme of another Instrument for drawing of teeth After the tooth is drawn let the blood flow freely that so the part may be freed from pain and the matter of the tumor discharged Then let the tooth-drawer presse the flesh of the gums on both sides with his fingers whereas hee tooke out the tooth that so the socket that was too much dilated and oft times torne by
that so they may be the better enabled to doe good to such as shall implore their aide in their profession There are some I know will blame me for Englishing this worke as laying open the mysteries of a worthy Art to the unworthy view of the vulgar To such I could answer as Aristotle did to Alexander but for the present I will give them these which I thinke may satisfie any but the purposely malicious the first is drawne from the goodnesse of the thing as intended for those that want such guides to direct them in their Art for it is commonly granted that Bonunm quo communius eo melius Secondly it hath beene the custome of most Writers in all Ages and Countries thus to doe Hippocrates Galen and the other Greeks writ in their mother tongue the mysteries of their Art thus did Celsus Serenus and others in Latine Mesue Avicen Serapio and others in Arabicke as also to goe no further our Author writ this worke in his native French and learned men have done the like in this and all other Arts. And it is a great hinderance to us in these daies that we must bee forced to learne to understand two or three tongues before wee can learne any science whereas the Antients learned and taught theirs in their mother tongue so that they spent a great deale lesse time about words and more upon the study of that Art or Science they intended to learne and follow Thirdly I must tell you that Ex libris nemo evasit Artifex No man becomes a workeman by booke so that unlesse they have had some insight in the Art and be in some sort acquainted both with the termes of Art as also with the knowledge and use of the instruments thereto belonging if by reading this or any other booke of the like nature they become Surgeons I must needs liken them as Galen doth another sort of men To Pilots by booke onely to whose care I thinke none of us would commit his safety at Sea nor any if wise will commit themselves to these at land or sea either unlesse wholly destitute of other The other things whereof I must also give you notice are these The figures in the Anatomy are not the same used by my Author whose were according to those of Vesalius but according to those of â—auline which were used in the worke of Dr. Crooke and these indeed are the better and more complete Also Page 807. I thought it better to give the true figure of the Helmet floured Aconite mentioned out of Pliny than to reserve the faigned picture of Matthiolus which in our Author was encreased with the further fiction of a Helmet I have in some few places in the margent which you shall find marked with a star put short annotations for the better illustration of that which is obscure c. I have also in the Text to the same purpose here and there put two or three words contained in these limits which I finde here and there turned into a plaine Parenthesis especially toward the latter end of the booke but the matter is not great Further I must acquaint you that the Apologie and Voyages being the last part of this worke and not in the Latine but French editions were translated into English out of French by George Baker a Surgeon of this City since that time as I heare dead beyond the Seas This is all Courteous Reader that I have thought necessary to acquaint thee withall concerning this which I would desire thee to take with the same minde that it is presented to thee by him that wisheth thee all happinesse THOMAS JOHNSON THE AVTHORS EPISTLE DEDICATORIE To Henry the third the most Christian King of France and Poland EVen as most Christian King we see the members of mans body by a friendly consent are alwayes busied and stand ready to performe those functions for which they are appointed by nature for the preservation of the whole of which they are parts so it is convenient that we which are as it were Citizens of this earthly Common-weale should be diligent in the following of that calling which by Gods appointment we have once taken upon us and content with our present estate not caried away with rashnes and envy desire different and divers things whereof we have no knowledge He which doth otherwise perverts and defiles with hated confusion the order and beauty on which this Vnivers consists Wherfore when I considered with my selfe that I was a member of this great Mundane body and that not altogether unprofitable I endeavored earnestly that all men should be acquainted with my duty and that it might be knowne how much I could profit euery man For God is my witnes and all good men know that I have now laboured fifty yeares with all care and paines in the illustration and amplification of Chirurgery and that I have so certainly touched the marke whereat I aimed that Antiquity may seeme to have nothing wherein it may exceed us beside the glory of invention nor posterity any thing left but a certaine small hope to adde some things as it is easie to adde to former inventions In performance whereof I have beene so prodigall of my selfe my watchings faculties and meanes that I spared neither time labour nor cost wherby I might satisfie and accomplish my own desires this my great work and the desires of the studious Neither may we doubt but their studies would at the length waxe cold if they only furnished with the Theoricke and Precepts in Schooles and that with much laboure should see no manuall operation nor manifest way of performing the Arte. For which cause I seeking the praise and profit of the French Nation even with the hinderance of my particular estate have endeavored to illustrate and increase Chyrurgerie hitherto obscure either by the infelicity of the former ages or the envy of the Prosessors and not onely with precepts and rules but being alover of carved workes I beautified it with 300. formes or graven figures and apt deliniations in which whosoever shall attentively looke shall finde five hundred anatomicall or organicall figures belonging to the Arte if they be reckoned particularly To every of these I have given their names and shewed their use least they should seeme to have beene put in vainly for ostentation or delight But although there be few men of this profession which can bring so much authority to their writings either with reason or experience as I can notwithstanding I have not beene so arrogant but intending to publish my worke I first communicated it with men the most excellent in the Arte of Phisicke who gave me greater incouragement to perfect and publish it that it might be in common use professing they wished nothing more than that it might be turned into Latine so by which meanes it should be knowne to forraigne Nations that there is no kind of Learning which is not delivered with great dexterity of wit in
But sometimes these Spirits are not dissipated but driven in and returned to their fountaines and so both oppresse and are opprest whereupon it happens we are often forced to dilate and spread them abroad by binding and rubbing the parts Hitherto wee have spoke of these things which are called Naturall because we naturally consist of them it remaines that we now say somewhat of their Adjuncts and associates by familiarity of Condition The Adjuncts and Associates to things Naturall are Age of which by reason of the similitude of the Argument wee were constrained to speake when we handled the Temperatures Sexe Colour of which we have already spoken The Conformation of the instrumentall parts Time whose force we have also considered Region Order of Diet and Condition of life CHAP. XI Of the Adjuncts of things Naturall SExe is no other thing than the distinction of Male and Female in which this is most observable that for the parts of the body and the fire of these parts their is litle difference betweene them but the Female is colder than the Male. Wherefore their spermaticall parts are more cold soft and moyst and all there naturall actions lesse vigorous and more depraved The Nature of Eunuches is to be referred to that of weomen as who may seeme to have degenerated into a womanish nature by deficiency of heate their smooth body and soft and shirle voyce doe very much assimulate weomen Notwithstanding you must consider that there be some Manly weomen which their manly voyce and chinne covered with a litle hairinesse doe argue and on the contrary there are some womanizing or womanish men which therefore we terme dainty and effeminate The Hermaphrodite as of a doubtfull nature and in the middle of both sexes seemes to participate of both Male and Female The Colour which is predominante in the habite and superficies of the body and lyes next under the skinne shewes the temperament of what kinde soever it be for as Galen notes in Comment ad Aphor 2. sect 1. Such a colour appeares in us as the contained humor hath Wherefore if a rosie hew coloure the cheekes it is a signe the body abounds with blood and that it is carryed abroad by the plenty of Spirits But if the skinne be dyed with a yellow colour it argues Choler is predominante if with a whitish and pallide hew Phlegme with a sable and dusky Melancholy So the colour of the excrements which are according to Nature is not of the least consideration For thus if an ulcer being broken send forth white matter it argues the soundnesse of the part from whence it flowes but if sanious or bloody greene blackish or of divers colours it shewes the weaknes of the solide part which could not assimulate by concoction the colour of the excrementitious humor The like reason is of unnaturall Tumors For as the colour so the Dominion of the Humor causing or accompanying the swelling commonly is The Conformitie and integrity of the Organicall parts is considered by their figure greatnesse number situation and mutuall connexion Wee consider the figure when wee say almost all the externall parts of the body are naturally round not onely for shew but for necessitie that being smooth and no way cornered they should be lesse obnoxious to externall injuries wee speake of Greatnesse when wee say some are large and thicke some lancke and leane But wee consider their number when we observe some parts to abound some to want or nothing to be defective or wanting Wee insinuate site and connexion when wee search whether every thing be in its proper place and whether they be decently fitted and well joyned together We have handled the varyeties of the foure seasons of the yeare when we treated of Temperaments But the consideration of Region because it hath the same judgment that the Aire shall be referred to that disquisition or enquiry which we entend to make of the Aire amongst the Things not naturall The Manner of life and order of Diet are to be diligently observed by us because they have great power either to alter or preserve the Temperament But because they are of almost infinite variety therefore they scarse seeme possible to fall into Arte which may prosequute all the differences of Diet and vocations of life Wherefore if the Calling of Life be laborious as that of husbandmen Marriners and other such trades it strengthens and dryes the parts of the body Although those which labour much about Waters are most commonly troubled with cold and moyst diseases although they almost kill themselves with labour Againe those which deale with Mettalls as all sorts of Smithes and those which cast and worke brasse are more troubled with hotte diseases as feavers But if their Calling be such as they sit much and worke all the day long sitting at home as shooemakers it makes the body tender the flesh effeminate and causeth great quantity of excrements A life as well idle and negligent in body as quiet in minde in all riotousnes and excesses of Dyet doth the same For from hence the body is made subject to the stone gravell and Gout That calling of life which is performed with moderate labour clothing and dyet seemes very fit and convenient to preserve the naturall temper of the body The Ingenious Chirurgeon may frame more of himselfe that may more particularly conduce to the examination of these things Therefore the things naturall and those which are neere or Neighbouring to them being thus briefly declared the Order seemes to require that wee make enquiry of Things not Naturall CHAP. XII Ofthings not Naturall THe things which wee must now treate of have by the latter Physitions beene termed Not naturall because they are not of the number of those which enter into the constitution or composure of mans body as the Elements Humors and all such things which we formerly comprehended vnder the name of Naturall Although they be such as are necessary to preserue and defend the body already made and composed Wherefore they were called by Galen Preservers because by the due use of them the body is preserved in health Also they may be called doubtfull and Neuters for that rightly and fitly used they keepe the body healthfull but inconsiderately they cause diseases Whereby it comes to passe that they may be thought to pertaine to that part of Phisicke which is of preserving health not because some of these things should be absolutely and of their owne nature wholsome and others unwholsome but onely by this that they are or prove so by their convenient or preposterous use Therefore we consider the use of such like things from 4 conditions quantitie quality occasion and manner of using if thou shalt observe these thou shalt attaine and effect this that those things which of themselves are as it were doubtfull shall bring certaine and undoubted health For these 4. Circumstances doe so farre extend that
The first and the greater of the Ossa innominata or namelesse bones sustaines the great toe the lesser and second the next toe thereto the third and middle in bignesse the middle toe These three bones are arched on their upper part but somewhat hollowed below They are knit to the three forementioned bones by Synarthrosis of which they are received but on the hinde part with the boate-like bone which they receive Now we must come to the bones of the second ranke that is of the Pedium or backe of the foote these are five in number bearing up the five bone of the toes They are somewhat gibbous on their upper part but hollow below each of them hath two processes at the end thereof by the lower and first of which they receive the three namelesse and Die-bone but by the upper made into a round head they are received of the first bones of the toes Their connexions whether with the toes or bones of the instep are by Synarthrosis The ligaments as well proper as common are such as we said of the former The bones of the third order now remaine to be spoken of which wee said make the toes and they are foureteene two of the great toe but three of each of the other toes The first is somewhat longish but the rest are very short except that of the great toe all of them on the upper side are round and convexe but on the lower somewhat hollow and plaine longwise that the tendons which bend them may passe more straightly and safely without inclining to either side even to their furthest joynts although such passages are much helped by the membranous and common ligament which rising from the sides of these bones involves these tendons as we mentioned in the fingers To conclude each of these bones the last excepted have a double connexion by Diarthrofis they are all unequall in their bignes that is thicke at their beginning where they receive the heads of the precedent bones upon which they move as a doore upon the hinges and so they grow smaller towards the ends but by their ends they are received of the following bones at their ends they rise into two eminencies on their sides distinguished by a cavity betweene them through which occasion they are farre thicker at their ends than in their midle The Figure of the bones of the Foote properly so called Figure 1. and 2 shew the bones of the right foote fastened together their upper face and their neather face Fig. 3 4 5 and 6 shew the upper lower inner and outer sides of the Talus or pasterne Fig. 7 8 9 sheweth the same sides of the Heele Fig. 10 and 11. sheweth the forward and backward side of the boate bone Fig. 12 and 13 shew the fore and back part of the wrest made of foure bones ABCD 3 5 6. The protuberation of the Talus joyned to the appendix of the leg-bone and of this protuberation foure sides EE 3 A sinus insculped in the protuberation of the Talus FF 3 two bunching parts of the Talus G 3 the inner side of the protuberation of the Talus crusted over with a gristle joyned to the inner ankle H6 The outward sinus of the protuberation of the Talus covered over with a gristle and receiving the inner ankle I5 A rough sinus of the Talus receiving a gristly ligament from the inner ankle K6 a sinus of the Talus receiving a griftly ligament from the outward ankle LM 5 6 two sinus in the hinder part of the Talus N 3 4 5 6 the necke of the Talus or pastern bone O 3 4 5 6. the head of the Talus going under the sinus of the boate bone P 7 8 9. the head of the bone of the heele crusted over with a gristle and going under the sinus of the Talus or the pasterne bone Q 4. a large sinus of the Talus receiving the head of the heele R 7 8 9. a sinus of the heele whereto the lower part of the head of the Talus is joyned S 4 the lower part of the head of the Talus going into the sinus of the heele TT 4 a sharpe sinus of the heele receiving a gristly ligament from the pasterne bone XYZ 2 the place of the heele YZ 2 Y 8 Z 9. a processe of the heele made for the production of muscles a b 7 8 9 from a to b the distance of the upper part of the heele c 8 9. the hinder part of the heele d 2 8 the inner side of the heele e 8 the place where the tendons that run to the bottome of the foote are reflected f 7 8 the utter side of the heele g 1 7 9 here the tendons of the 7 and 8 muscles of the foote are stretched out h 7. the forepart of the heele which is joyned to the pasterne bone i 7 that part of the heele which is joyned to the Cube-bone k 11 the sinus of the Boat-bone receiving the head of the Talus Imn 10 three surfaces of the Boat-bone lightly prominent which are articulated to the bones of the wrest op 11 the upper part of the Boat-bone regarding the top of the foot q r 10 and q 11 his lower part q 10 11 A sinus through which the sixt muscle of the foote is led s t u 13. the plain surfaces of the three inner bones of the wrest whereby they are articulated to the Boat-bone x 13 a shallow sinus of the Cube-bone whereby it is articulated to the heele αβ 12 the place of the Cube bone to which that bone of the Afterwrest is joyned which supporteth the last Toe save one γ 12. 13 the place of the Cube bone where the third bone of the wrest is articulated δ 12 13. that part of the Cube bone which respecteth the outside of the foote ε 12 13. the surface of the Cube-bone in the upper part of the foote ζ 2 13 that part of the Cube bone which regardeth the earth ◠2 a sinus of the Cubebone at which the tendon of the seventh muscle of the foot is reflected B 13 a processe of the third bone of the wrest whereinto the fift muscle of the foot is inserted ◠12. the place of the inner bone of the wrest to which that bone of the Afterwrest which sustaineth the great Toe is coupled χ 12 the place of the second bone of the wrest whereto the bone of the Afterwrest that supporteth the fore Toe is articulated λ 12 the place of the third bone of the wrest whereto that bone of the Afterwrest which supporteth the middle toe is articulated μ 1 2 a small bone whereby that bone of the Afterwrest which sustaineth the little toe is joyned unto the Cubebone yy 1 2 the distances betwixt the bones of the Afterwrest ξξ 1 2 the heads of the bones of the Afterwrest which enter into the bosomes of the toes π 2 a processe of the bone of the afterwrest
going by putting forth the foote whilest it drawes the Heele towards its originall The Plantaris the least and slenderest of them all passes forth fleshy from the out-ward head of the legge-bone and from thence the space of some foure fingers bredth it ends in a strong and slender Tendon which it sends betweene the Twin and sole muscles to the sole of the foot there to produce a membrane which covers the sole of the foote and a muscle equivalent to the upper bender of the Hand The Soleus or sole muscle the thickest of them all and seated under the Twin muscles descends from the commissure of the legge and shin-bones and about the midst of the legge after it hath mixed his tendon with that of the Twin muscles it runs into the foresaid place that it may extend the foote for the foresaid use The Tibiaeus posticus descends from the hinder appendix of the legge and shinbones and adhering to them almost as fare as they goe by a strong Tendon being as it were bony at the end thereof it is inserted into the Boat-like bone and the two first nameles bones so to helpe the oblique extension of the foote The last being the Digitumflexor or Toe-bender is twofold for one arises from the legge-bone in that place where the Poplitaeus ends and inserted into that same bone it goes even to the backside of the inner ankle from thence into the joynts of foure of the toes The 〈◊〉 drawes his originall from almost the middle of the shin-bone and somewhat inserted into it it goes by the heele and pasterne bone to the great toe mixed with the precedent their action is to bend the first joynt of the Toes rather by the force of the common Ligament than by the small portion of the Tendon which ends there But it is their action to bend the last dearticulation of the Toes by their proper insertion CHAP. XL. Of the Muscles moving the Toes of the feete NOw follow the muscles moving the Toes these are eight in number one on the upper and seven on the lower side The first proceeds from the Pasterne heele and Die bones below the externall Anckle or the Ligament of these bones with the Legge-bone and obliquely stretched to the top of the foote is parted into five small tendons to the sides of the five toes so to draw them outwards towards its originall whereupon it is called the Abductor of the Toes and also Pediosus because it is stretched over the Pedium or backe of the foote The first of the seven of the lower side called the flexor superior or upper bender arises from the heele and stretched alongst the foote under the strong membrane which from the heele is straitly fastened to the extremity of the bones of the Pedium to streng then the parts conteined under it is inserted by foure Tendons at the second joints of the foure Toes which it bendes Here you must note that neer the insertion thereof this muscle divides it selfe like that muscle of the hand which is called sublimis that so it may give way to the Deepe which as we said descends alongst the fingers to which a certaine common membranous Ligament adjoynes it selfe which involues and fastens it to the bone all alongst the lower part of the fingers even to the last dearticulation The second equivalent to that muscle of the hand which is called Thenar seated on the inner side of the foote arises from the inner and hollow part of the heele and pasterne bones and ends in the side and inner part of the great Toe which it drawes from the rest inwards This may be divided into two or three muscles as the Thenar of the hand to draw the great Toe to the rest as much as need requires just as we said of the Hand The third answerable to that of the hand which is named the Hypothenar passes from the outer part of the heele and ascending by the sides of the foote it is in like manner inserted into the side of the litle Toe so to draw it from the rest to which same action a certaine flesh contained under the sole of the feete may serve which is stretched even to these Toes that also it may serve to hollow the foote The foure Lumbrici or wormy muscles follow next which from the membrane of the Deep Toe-bender are inserted into the inner side part of the foure Toes so to draw them inwards by a motion contrary to that which is performed by the Pediosus The Interosses or bone-bound muscles of the Pedium or back of the foot remaine to be spoken of These are eight in number â—oure above and as many below different in their originall insertion and action for the upper because they draw the foote outwards with the pediosus arise from the fore and inner part of that bone of the pedium which beares up the litle Toe and so also the rest each in its order and are inserted into the outward forepart of the following bone The lower on the contrary passe from the fore and outer part of that bone of the pedium which beares up the Great Toe and so each of the rest in its order but are inserted into the inner and upper part of the following bone so with the wormy muscles to draw it inwards or to hollow the foote as the outwards or to flat the foote as we said of the Interosses of the hand CHAP. XLI Aâ— Epitome or briefe recitall of the bones in a mans body This first sheweth the forepart of the Sceleton of a man c. The Declaration of these three figures put into one A 3. The Coronall Suture called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 B 23. The suture like the letter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 C 2 The sagittall Suture called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 D 2 3. The scale-like Conjunction called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 α 2 3 Os verticis or syncipitis the bone of the Synciput called Os 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 β 1 3. The forehead-bone that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 γ 2 3. The bone of the Nowle or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 δ 2 3. The bones of the temples or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ε 3. An appendix in the temple-bone like a Bodkin 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ζ 1 2 3. A processe in the temple-bone like the teate of a dugge called therefore Mamillaris 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 E 2 3. the wedge-bone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3 the stony part of the Scull 〈◊〉 3 a processe of the wedge-bone much like the wing of a Bat and therefore called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The 2 and 3 Figures sheweth the backside of the Sceleton and the laterall part of the Sceleton F 1 2 3. the yoke-bone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 G 1 3. the lower jaw I K L M N 1 2 3. the backe or the
inner part of the Cubite are seven and as many in the outer but those of the hand are reckoned thirteene at the least The fourth of the shoulder-blade are the Trapezius resembling a Monkes Cowle which moves it upwards and downewards and drawes it backwards the second is the Levator or Lifter-up the third the great Rhomboides lying under the Trapezius The fourth the lesser saw muscle which is inserted into the Coracoides The arme is moved forwards backwards upwards downewards and circularly The Pector all muscle arising from the Clavicle Breast-bone and neighbouring ribs drawes it forwards the Humilis or low-muscle comming from the lower rib of the shoulder-blade drawes it backwards the Deltoides upwards and the Latissimâ—… downewards and somewhat backe-wards But the three seated about the shoulder-blade move it about or circularly The Epomis or Scapularis upwards the Supcascapularis which may seeme two backwards and downewards the Subscapularis which is in the Cavitie of the shoulder blade forewards so that by a certaine vicissitude and succession of action they move it circularly Two muscles bend the Cubite the one named Biceps or Two-headed and the other Brachiaeus or the Arme-muscle but one two or three muscles extend it for if you have respect to the originall this muscle hath two or three heads but one onely insertion In the inside of the Cubite are seven muscles one Palmaris two wrest-benders two pronatores one square another in some sort round two finger-benders and one Abductor or Drawer aside These fourteene internall and externall muscles of the Cubite doe not indeed move the Cubite but onely seated there move the wande and with it the hand These are the thirteene Muscles of the hand the Theu which may not only be divided into two but into sixe not only by the diverse actons it performes but also by the branches divided by a manifest space betweene them the second is called the Hypothenar which lyes under the litle finger as the Thenar doth under the Thumbe the third is the Abductor of the Thumbe then follow the foure Lumbrici and sixe Interosses although eight may be observed The whole Legge hath at the least 50. Muscles for wee reckon there are fourteene muscles in the thigh there are eleven made for the use of the Legge there are nine seated in the Legge three before and sixe behinde which serve for the use of the foot and toes in the foote are seated sixteene Therefore of the foureteene muscles serving the thigh two bend it one called the Lumbaris the other arising from the cavity of the Hanch-bone but the three which make the Buttocks and the Triceps or Three-headed muscle which if you please you may divide into three extend it Besides these the 4. twin muscles and two Obturators of which the one is internall the other externall turne the Thigh about The Legge hath eleven that is the Long the Membranous the foure Postici or Hinde muscles three of which come from the Huckle-bone but the other from the commissure of the Share-bone the Right the two Vaste the Crureus or Legge-muscle and the Poplitaeus or Ham-muscle These seated in the leg for the use of the foote and toes are three fore and sixe hinde muscles two of the fore bend the foote one of which is called the Tibiaeus anticus the other Peronaeus which you may divide into two The third the bender of the toes although it also partly bend the foote to which also the bender of the Thumbe may be revoked One of the hinde is the Toe-bender others extend the foote and are in this order Two twins one Plantaris one Soleus one Tibiaeus posticus and the great bender of the Toes to which may be revoked the bender of the Thumbe Of the sixteene seated in the foote one is above seated on the backe of the foote which wee call the Abductor of the Toes another in the sole of the foote to wit the litle bender of the Toes which goes to the second joynte of the Toes alongst the inside of the foote the other lends his helpe to the great Toe which you may call the Abductor of the Thumbe another is seated on the outside for the use of the litle Toe To these are added the foure Lumbrici besides the eight Interosses or if you had rather ten And thus much may suffice for the enumeration of the muscles The Figure of the Muscles when the skin with its veines the fat and all the fleshy membrane are taken away that part of the fleshy membrane excepted which takes upon it the nature of a muscle as being conjoyned with the muscles a the muscle of the fore-head b the temporall muscle c the muscle shutting the eye-lid d the muscle opening the wings of the nose e the fore part of the yoake-bone f the muscle of the upper lip tending to the nose g the beginning of the masseter or grinding muscle h the broad muscle consisting of a fleshy membrane i k the beginning therof which rises immediatly from the coller-bone the top of the shoulder l that part therof which bends forwards to l. m the muscle which lifts up the arme n the pectorall muscle o the membranous part of this muscle which is joyned to the nervous part of the first muscle of the Abdomen or belly q q the fleshy portion thereof from the 6. and 7. ribs and the insertion thereof r the muscle drawing down the arme s the oblique descending muscle of the lower belly t t t the insertion of the greater saw muscle u u. the linea alba or white line at which the two oblique descendent muscles meet covering the whole belly x the yard the skinne being taken away y the vessels of seed α the testicles wrapped in the fleshy membrane 〈◊〉 the fore muscle bending the cubite γ γ the hinde muscle bending the cubite δ the muscle extending the cubite 〈◊〉 the two-headed muscle extending the wrest 〈◊〉 the muscle producing the broad tendon on the backe of the hand ζ his tendon 〈◊〉 the muscle turning up the Wand θ the upper muscle flatting the Wand 〈◊〉 the. second of the arme-benders whose beginning is χ and tendon λ o a portion of the muscle whereof one part yeelds tendons to the wrest the other to the thumbe 〈◊〉 the fleshlesse articulation of the thumbe Ï a muscle inserted into the wrest lying neere to the following muscle σ a muscle devided into two tendons the one whereof is inserted into the first joint of the thumbe the other into the following Ï„ the first muscle of the thigh whose head is at ν and tendon at Φ and insertion at χ. Ψ the end of the second muscle of the thigh ω the end of the third muscle of the thigh 1 the sixt muscle of the legge his beginning at 2. almost wholy membranous at 3. 4 the ninth muscle of the legge 5 the eight of the legge 6 a portion of the sixth and seventh of the thigh 7
alimentary juice to the braine wanting marrow that is blood to nourish it as we have formerly shewed in our Anatomie But from hence proceeds the effluxe of blood running betweene the scull and membraines or else betweene the membraines and braine the blood congealing there causeth vehement paine and the eyes become blinde vomitting is caused the mouth of the stomacke suffering together with the braine by reason of the Nerves of the sixt conjugation which runne from the braine thither and from thence are spread over all the capacitie of the ventricle whence becomming a partaker of the offence it contracts it selfe and is presently as it were overturned whence first these things that are conteined therein are expelled and then such as may flow or come thither from the neighbouring and communne parts as the Liver and Gall from all which choler by reason of its naturall levity and velocity is first expelled and that in greatest plenty and this is the true reason of that vomiting which is caused and usually followes upon fractures of the scull and concussions of the Braine Within a short while after inflammation seizes upon the membranes and braine it selfe which is caused by corrupt and putrid blood proceeding from the vessels broken by by the violence of the blow and so spread over the substance of the braine Such inflammation communicated to the heart and whole body by the continuation of the parts causes a feaver But a feaver by altering the braine causes Doting to which if stupidity succeed the Patient is in very ill case according to that of Hippocrates Stupidity and doting are ill in a wound or blow upon the head But if to these evills a sphacell and corruption of the braine ensue together with a 〈◊〉 difficulty of breathing by reason of the disturbance of the Animall facâ—… which from the braine imparts the power of moving to the muscles of the Chest the instruments of respiration then death must necessarily follow A great part of these accidents appeared in King Henry of happy memory a little before he dyed He having set in order the affaires of France and entred into amitie with the neighbouring Princes desirous to honour the marriages of his daughter and sister with the famous and noble exercise of Tilting and hee himselfe running in the Tilt-yard with a blunt lance received so great a stroake upon his brest that with the violence of the blow the visour of his helmet flew up and the trunchion of the broken Lance hit him above the left eye-brow and the musculous skinne of the fore-head was torne even to the lesser corner of the left eye many splinters of the same trunchion being strucke into the substance of the fore mentioned eye the bones being not touched or broken but the braine was so moved and shaken that he dyed the eleaventh day after the hurt His scull being opened after his death there was a great deale of blood found betweene the Dura and Pia Mater poured forth in the part opposite to the blow at the middle of the suture of the hinde part of the head and there appeared signes by the native colour turned yellow that the substance of the braine was corrupted as much as one might cover with ones thumbe Which things caused the death of the most Christian King and not onely the wounding of the eye as many have falsly thought For wee have seene many others who have not dyed of farre more greevous wounds in the eye The history of the Lord Saint Iohns is of late memory he in the Tilt-yarde made for that time before the Duke of Guises house was wounded with a splinter of a broken Lance of a fingers length and thicknesse through the visour of his Helmet it entring into the Orbe under the eye and peircing some three fingers bredth deepe into the head by my helpe and Gods favour hee recovered Valeranus and Duretus the Kings Physitions and Iames the Kings Chirurgion assisting me What shall I say of that great and very memorable wound of Prancis of Loraine the Duke of Guise He in the sight of the Citty of Bologne had his head so thrust thorough with a Lance that the point entring under his right eye by his nose came out at his necke betweene his eare and the vertebrae the head or Iron being broken and left in by the violence of the stroke which stuck there so firmely that it could not be drawn or plucked forth without a paire of Smiths pincers But although the strength violence of the blow was so great that it could not be without a fracture of the bones a tearing and breaking of the Nerves Veines Arteries and other parts yet the generous Prince by the favour of God recovered By which you may learne that many die of small wounds and other recover of great yea very large and desperate ones The cause of which events is chiefly and primarily to be attributed to God the author and preserver of mankinde but secondarily to the variety and condition of temperaments And thus much of the commotion or conclussion of the braine whereby it happens that although all the bone remaines perfectly whole yet some veines broken within by the stroake may cast forth some bloud upon the membranes of the braine which being there concreate may cause great paine by reason whereof it blindes the eyes if so be that the place can be found against which the paine is and when the skinne is opened the bone looke pale it must presently be cut out as Celsus hath written Now it remaines that we tell you how to make your prognostickes in all the forementioned fractures of the scull CHAP. X. Of Prognostickes to be made in fractures of the scull VVEE must not neglect any wounds in the head no not these which cut or bruise but onely the hairy scalpe but certainely much lesse these which are accompanied by a fracture in the scull for oft times all horride symptomes follow upon them and consequently death it selfe especially in bodies full of ill humors or of an ill habite such as are these which are affected with the Lues venerea leprosie dropsie Pthisicke and consumption for in these simple wounds are hardly or never cured for union in the cure of wounds but this is not performed unlesse by strength of nature and sufficient store of laudible blood but those which are sicke of hecticke feavers and consumptions want store of blood and those bodies which are repleate with ill humors and of an ill habite have no affluxe or plenty of laudible blood but all of them want the strength of nature the reason is almost the same in those also which are lately recovered of some disease Those wounds which are brused are more difficult to cure than those which are cut When the scul is broken than the continuity of the flesh lying over it must necessarily be hurt broken unlesse it be in a Resoâ—itus
effects of winters qualities that is of cold and moisture yet by such order and providence of nature that although according to the varieties of seasons our bodies may be variously altered yet shall they receive no detriment thereby if so be that the seasons reteine their seasonablenesse from whence if they happen to digresse they raise and stirre up great perturbations both in our bodies and mindes whose malice we can scarse shunne because they encompasse us on every hand and by the law of nature enter together with the aire into the secret cabinets of our bodies both by occult and manifest passages For who is he that doth not by experience finde both for the commodity and discommodity of his health the various effects of winds wherewith the aire is commixt according as they blow from this or that Region or Quarter of the world Wherefore seeing that the South winde is hot and moist the North wind cold and dry the East wind cleare and fresh the West winde cloudy it is no doubt but that the aire which we draw in by inspiration carries together therewith into the bowells the qualities of that winde which is then prevalent When wee reade in Hippocrates that changes of times whether they happen by different windes or vicissitude of seasons chiefly bring diseases For northerly winds doe condense and strengthen our bodies and makes them active well coloured and daring by resuscitating and vigorating the native heare But southerne windes resolve and moisten our bodies make us heavy headed dull the hearing cause giddinesse and make the eyes and body lesse agile as the Inhabitants of Narbon finde to their great harme who are otherwise ranked among the most active people of France But if wee would make a comparison of the seasons and constitutions of a yeare by Hippocrates decree Droughts are more wholesome and lesse deadly than Raines I judge for that too much humiditie is the mother of putrifaction as you learne by these countries which are blowne upon by a winde from Sea For in these flesh which is kept for foode putrefies in the space of an houre and such ulcers as in other places are easily and quickly healed doe there by the conflux and collection of matter become inveterate and contumacious Therefore as when the seasons of the yeare successively fall out agreeable to their nature and when each season is seasonable then either we are not sicke at all or assuredly with lesse danger So on the contrary the perfect constitution and health of our bodies becomes worse and decaies when the seasons of the yeare are depraved and perverted in time and temper Now seeing that these many yeares the foure seasons of the yeare have wanted their seasonablenesse the summer wanting his usuall heate and the winter its cold and all things by moisture and the dominion of the southerne windes have beene humid and languide I thinke there is none so ignorant in naturall Philosophie and Astrologie who will not thinke that the causes of the malignitie and contumacie of those deseases which have so long afflicted all France are not to bee attributed to the aire and Heavens For otherwise whence have so many pestilent and contagious diseases tirannized over so many people of every age sex and condition whence have so many catarrhes coughs and heavinesses of the head so many pleurisies tumors small poxes meazells and Itches not admitting of digestion and remedies prescribed by Art Whence have we had so many venemous creatures as Toades Grashoppers Caterpillers Spiders Waspes Hornets Beetles Snailes Vipers Snakes Lizards Scorpions and Efts or Nutes unlesse from excessive putrefaction which the humidity of the aire our native heate being liquid and dull hath caused in us and the whole kingdome of France Hence also proceedes the infirmity of our native heate and the corruption of the blood and humors whereof we consist which the rainy Southwind hath caused with its sultry heate Wherefore in these last yeares I have drawne little blood which hath not presently shewed the corruption of its substance by the blacke or greenish colour as I have diligently observed in all such as I have bled by the direction of Physitions either for prevention of future or cure of present diseases Whence it comes to passe that the fleshy substance of our bodies could not but be faulty both in temper and consistence seeing that the blood whence it is generated had drawne the seeds of corruption from the defiled aire Whence it fell out that the wounds which happened with losse of substance could be scarse healed or united because of the depraved nature of the blood For so the wounds and ulcers of these which are troubled with the Dropsie whose blood is more cold or wholly waterish so of Leprous persons whose blood is corrupt and lastly of all such as have their bodies replete with ill juice or else are Cachecticke will not easily admit of cure Yea assuredly if but the very part which is hurt swerve from its native temper the wound will not easily bee cured Therefore seeing all these things both the putrefaction of the Aire and depraved humors of the body and also the distemper of the affected parts conspired together to the destruction of the wounded what marvaile was it if in these late civill warres the wounds which were for their quantity small for the condition of the wounded parts but little have caused so many and grievous accidents and lastly death it selfe Especially seeing that the Aire which encompasseth us tainted with putrefaction corrupts and defiles the wounds by inspiration and expiration the body and humours being already disposed or inclined to putrefaction Now there came such a stincke which is a most assured signe of putresaction from these wounds when they were dressed that such as stood by could scarse endure it neither could this stinke bee attributed to the want of dressing or fault of the Chirurgion for the wounds of the Princes and Nobility stunke as ill as these of the common Souldiers And the corruption was such that if any chanced to bee undrest for one day which sometimes happened amongst such a multitude of wounded persons the next day the wound would be full of wormes Besides also which furthermore argues a great putrifaction of humors many had Abscesses in parts opposite to their wounds as in the left knee when as the right shoulder was wounded in the left arme when as the right Leg was hurt Which I remember befell the King of Navarre the Duke of Nevers the Lord Rendan and divers others For all men had nature so overcharged with abundance of vicious humors that if it expelled not part thereof by impostumes to the habite of the body it certainly otherwise disposed of it amongst the inner parts of the body for in dissecting dead bodies wee observed that the Spleene Liver Lungs and other Bowells were purulent and hence it was that the patients by reason of vapours sent from them to
from tale Linnen ragges dipped herein may be applyed to the temples of the forehead and often renewed otherwise by their heate drynesse and hardnesse they will cause watching in steed of sleepe Neither must you in the meane time binde the head too hard lest by intercepting and hindring the pulsation of the temporall Artery you encrease the paine of the head You shall make a fire in the patients chamber of oderifferous woods as Iuniper Bay-tree the prunings or cuttings of Vines Rosemary and Orris rootes For the same purpose you may sprinkle the floore with sweete water if the patient be able to undergoe such cost As â„ž majoranae menthae radic cyperi calami aromat salviae lavendulae faenicul thymi staechad flor chamam melilot satureiae baccarum lauri juniperi an M. iij. pulv caryophyll nucis Moschat an â„¥ j. aquae rosar vitae an lib. ij vini albi boni odorifici lb. x. bulliant omnia in balneo Mariae ad usum dictum You may also make perfumes to burne in his chamber as thus â„ž carbonis salicis â„¥ viij ladani puri â„¥ ij thuris masculi ligni baccarum Iuniperi an â„¥ j. xyloaloes benjoini styracis calamit an â„¥ ss Nucis moschatae santal citrin an Ê’iij caryophill styracis liquidae an Ê’ij an.Ê’j. gummi tragacanth aqua rosar soluti quod sit satis Make hereof perfumes in what fashion you please For the rottennesse and corruption of bones we will treate thereof hereafter in its due place CHAP. XII Certaine memorable Histories HEre I thinke good for the benefit of young practitioners to illustrate by examples the formerly prescribed Methode of curing wounds made by Gunshot The famous and most valiant Count of Mansfelt Governour of the Dutchy of Luxembourge Knight of the order of Burgundy comming to the ayde of the French King was at the battell of Moncontour where in the conflict he received so great a wound at the joynt of the left arme with a Pistoll bullet that the bones were shivered and broken in so many peeces as if they had bin layd upon an Anvill and struck with an hammer hence proceeded many maligne symptomes as cruel tormenting paine inflammation a feaver an oedematous and flatulent tumor of the whole arme even to the fingers end and a certaine inclination to a Gangraene which to resist Nicolas Lambert Richard Hubert the Kings Chirurgions had made many and deepe scarifications But when I came to visite and dresse him by the Kings appointment and had observed the great stinch and putrifaction I wished that they would use lotions of Aegyptiacum made somewhat stronger than ordinary dissolved in venegar aqua vitae and do other things more largely spoken of in the chapter of a Gangreene For the patient had also a Diarrhaea or fluxe whereby he evacuated the purulent and stinking filth which flowed from his wound Which how it might come to passe wee will show at large when we come to treate of the suppression of the Vrine For this seemed very absurd to many because that if this purulent humor flowed out of the arme into the belly it must needs flow backe into the veines bee mixed with the blood and by its pernitious and contagious passage through the heart and liver cause exceeding ill symptomes and lastly death Indeed he often swounded by the ascent of the filthy vapours raised from the ulcers to the noble parts which to resist I wished him to take a spoonefull of aqua vitae with some Treacle dissolved therein I endeavoured to represse the oedematous and flatulent Tumor possessing all the arme with stoups dipped in oxycrate to which was put a little salt and aqua vitae these stoups I stayed held to the part with double clothes sowed as strait as I could Such a compression held the broken bones in their places pressed their Sanies from the ulcers and forced backe the humors flowing to the part into the center of the body If at any time I omitted this compression the tumor was so encreased that I was in a great deale of feare least the native heate of the part should bee suffocated Neither could I otherwise binde up the arme by reason of the excessive paine which molested the patient upon the least stirring of the Arme. There were also many Abscesses about his elbow and over all his arme bessdes For the letting forth of whose matter I was forced to make new incisions which he endured very stoutly At length I cured him with using a vulnerary potion and by cleansing the ulcers and correcting the putrifaction with Aegyptiacum dissolved in wine or honey of roses and so poured into the ulcers and repressing the growth of proud flesh with the pouder of burnt Alome drying it after the detersion with liniments Now this I can truely affirme and professe that during the time of the cure I tooke out above threescore splinters of bones and those necessarily amongst which there was one of the length of ones finger yet by Gods assistance at length he became sound in all things but that hee could not put forth or draw in his arme Not long after by the Kings command I went to see Charles Philip of Croy Lord of Auret the Duke of Aschos brother not farre from Mounis a City of Henalt He kept his bed seaven monthes by reason of a wound made by a Bullet the space of three fingers above his knee When I came to him hee was afflicted with these symptomes intollerable paine a continuall feaver cold sweats watchings excoriation of the hippes by reason of his long lying upon them his appetite dejected with much thirst He oft sunke downe as if he had the falling sicknesse had a desire to vomit and a continuall trembing or shaking so that he could not put one hand to his mouth without the assistance of the other he swounded frequently by reason of the vapours ascending to the noble parts For the thighbone was broken long wayes and sidewayes with many splinters of bones whereof some were plucked out and others remained sticking fast in He besides also had an ulcer in his groine which reached to the midst of his thigh and many other sinuous ulcers about his knee All the muscles of his thigh and legge were swolne with a flegmaticke cold and flatulent humor so that almost all the native heate of those parts seemed extinct All which things being considered I had scarse any hope to recover him so that I repented my comming thither Yet at length putting some confidence in his strength and prime of youth I began to have better hopes Therefore with his good liking first of all I make two incisions so to let forth the matter which lying about the bone did humect the substance of the muscles This had happy successe and drew out a great quantity of matter then I with a syring injected much Aegyptiacum dissolved in wine and a little aqua
handsomely fashioned and wrapped about with cotten or a linnen ragge so to avoyd paine Therefore you shall hold the spatherne in one hand and reduce and order it with the other The bone being restored directories or tents of a convenient bignesse shall be put into the nose which tents shall bee made of sponge or flaxe or a peece of a beasts or sheeps lungs For these things are soft and doe not onely hinder the bones of the Nose that they fall no more but also lift them up higher And then the Nose shall be in some sort stayed with boulsters on each side even untill the perfect agglutination of the bones lest the figure and straitnesse should be vitiated and spoyled I have oft times put golden silver and leaden pipes into fractured noses and fastned them with a thred to the Patients night cap which by one and the same means kept the bones from being again deprest gave the matter free passage forth and nothing hindred the breathing In the mean time we must see that we do not presse the Nose with too strait binding unlesse peradventure some other thing perswade lest they become eyther too wide too flat or crooked If any wound accompany the fracture that shall bee cured after the same manner as the wounds of the head The fracture restored the following medicine which hath a facultie to repell and represse the defluxion to strengthen and keep the part in its due posture and to dry up and waste the matter which hath alreadie fallen downe shall bee applyed to the Nose and all the other dry parts ℞ thuris mastiches boli armeniae sanguinis draconis an ℥ ss aluminis rochae resinae pini an ʒ ij pulverisentur subtilissimè Or else ℞ farinae volatilis ℥ ss albuminum ovorum quantum sufficit incorporentur simul fiat medicamentum Neither shall you use any other art to cure the cartilagineous part of the nose being fractured Wherefore Hippocrates termes that solution of continuitie that there happens A fracture as if it were in a bone because hee could finde no other name more fitly to expresse it for a gristle next to a bone is the hardest of all the parts of our bodie A Callus uses to grow in fractured noses unlesse something hinder within the space of twelve or fifteene dayes CHAP. VII Of the Fracture of the lower Jaw THe lower Jaw runnes into two as it were horns or tops the one whereof ends sharpe and receives a tendon from the temporall muscle the other ends blunt and round under the mammillarie processe and it is there implanted in a small cavitie it is joyned together in the middle of the chin by Symphysis and is marrowie within The Fracture which happens thereto is restored by putting your fingers into the Patients mouth and pressing them on the inside and outside that so the fractured bones put together may be smoothed and united But if they be broken wholly athwart so that the bones lye over each other extension must be made on both sides on contrary parts upwards and downwards whereby the bones may be composed and joyned more easily to one another The teeth in the meane while if they be eyther shaken or removed out of their sockets must be restored to their former places and tyed with a gold or silver wyar or else an ordinary threed to the next firme teeth untill such time as they shall be fastened and the bones perfectly knit by a Callus To which purpose the ordered fragments of the fractured bone shall bee stayed by putting a splint on the outside made of such leather as shoe soales are made the midst thereof being divided at the Chin and of such length and breadth as may serve the Jaw then you shall make ligation with a ligature two fingers broad and of such length as shall be sufficient divided at both the ends and cut long-waies in the midst thereof that so it may engirt the chin on both sides Then there will be foure heads of such a ligature so divided at the ends the two lower whereof being brought to the crown of the head shall bee there fastened and sowed to the Patients night-cap The two upper drawne athwart shall likewise be sowed as artificially as may bee to the cap in the nappe of the necke It is a most certaine signe that the Jaw is restored and well set if the teeth fastened therein stand in their due ranke and order The patient shall not lye downe upon his broken jaw lest the fragments of the bones should againe fall out and cause a greater defluxion Unlesse inflammation or some other grievous symptome shall happen it is strengthned with a Callus within twentie dayes for that it is spongious hollow and full of marrow especially in the midst thereof yet sometimes it heales more slowly according as the temper of the patient is which takes also place in other fractured bones The agglutinating and repelling medicine described in the former chapter shall be used as also others as occasion shall offer it selfe The Patient must be fed with liquid meats which stand not in need of chewing untill such time as the Callus shall grow hard lest the scarce or ill-joyned fragments should fly insunder with the labour of chewing Therefore shall hee bee nourished with water-grewell ponadoes cullasses barley creames gellies brothes reare egges restaurative liquors and other things of the like nature CHAP. VIII Of the Fracture of the Clavicle or Collar-bone AS the nature and kinde of the fractured Clavicle shall bee so must the cure and restoring thereof bee performed But howsoever this bone shall be broken alwaies the end fastened to the shoulder and shoulder-blade is lower than that which is joyned to the chest for that the arme drawes it downe-wards The collar-bone if broken athwart is more easily restored and healed than if it be cloven long-wayes For everie bone broken athwart doth more easily returne into its former state or seat whiles you lift it up on this or that side with your fingers But that which is broken schidacidon or into splinters or long-waies is more difficultly joyned and united to the ends and fragments for those peeces which were set will be plucked asunder even by the least motion of the armes and that which was knit with the shoulder will fall downe to the lower part of the breast The reason of which is the Collar-bone is not moved of its selfe but consents in motion with the arme In restoring this or any other fracture you must have a care that the bones ride not one over another neyther be drawn nor depart too far in sunder therfore it will be here convenient that one servant draw the arme backwards and another pull the shoulder towards him the contrarie way for so there will be made as I may so terme it a counter-extension While which is in doing the Surgeon with his fingers shall restore the fracture pressing downe
the bitterness of their paine because the internall heat wherewith they then are inflamed doth not dissipate into spirits and aire as the feaverish heat doth but dissolves and as it were melts downe the seminall humour which dissolved flowes to the genitalls filleth and distends them The same thing befalls carryage and running horses for in these by labour much heat sends flatulencies to the bottome of the belly Yet venery is very hurtfull to such as are troubled with the gout because it dissipates the spirits and native heate and encreaseth the unnaturall heat whereby it commeth to passe that the nervous parts are weakened and the paine exaâ—perated Rich men that is such as feed riotously on variety of dainties and in the meane space live idlely and lazily are more frequently and cruelly tormented with the gout than poore people who live sparingly and hardly Wherefore there have been seene not a few of such rich and riotous persons who having spent their estates have therewith changed their health together with their fortune and diet and so have been wholly freed from the gout CHAP. IX The generall method of preventing and curing the Gout THose who desire to prevent the gout must not glut themselves with meat must be quick to labour and abstaine from wine and Venery or certainly must not use them unlesse for their healths sake must vomit and purge at certaine times Hippocrates writes that boyes are not troubled with the gout before the use of venery Yet at this day many Eunuches are seene to have the gout but especially those who abound with idlenesse and pleasure yet these we have heretofore mentioned are very effectuall not onely for the prevention but also for the cure of the present disease Yet wee must diligently distinguish the causes what they be whence they may proceed oppose thereto remedies contrary in quantity and quality There are absolutely three distinct causes of the gout A tainture from the parents a corruption of the humours by diet and aire a native or adventitious weakenesse of the joints Against these there is a twofold indication the first is the evacuation and alteration of the peccant humours the other the strengthening of the weake joints These two shall be performed by diet conveniently appointed purging blood-letting provocation of the haemorrhoids courses vomit sweat urine and fit application of locall medicines Therefore when the time shall come wherein the gout accustometh to returne by course the patient shall have a care of himselfe by a diligent manner of diet hee shall lessen the matter of the disease by phlebotomie if that the gout shall arise from the blood from the opposite part that by the same meanes revulsion and evacuation may bee made as if the upper parts bee inslamed blood shall bee drawne from the lower if on the contrary the lower out of the upper alwayes observing the streightnesse of the fibres Thus the right arme being troubled with a gouty inflammation the Sapheia of the right legge shall bee opened and so on the contrary but if this generall blood-letting being premised the paine shall not cease it will be requisite to open the veine next to the paine which I have often performed with happy successe Yet phlebotomiâ— hath not the like effect in all for it is not availeable to such as are continually and uncertainly troubled with gouty paines or whose bodies are weake and cold wherein phlegme onely is predominant Wee may say the same of purging for though it bee oft-times necessary yet too frequently re-iterated it proves hurtfull futhermore neither of these remedies is usually very profitable to such as observe no order in meate and drinke which use Venery too intemperately who abound with crude and contumacious humours whose joynts by long vexation of the disease have contracted a hectick distemper and weakenesse so that they are departed from their naturall constitution and suffered a great change of their proper substance Wherefore as often as these greater remedies shall be used a Physician shall be called who according to his judgement may determine thereof For oft-times diet proveth more availeable than medicines therefore the Patient if the matter of the gout bee hot shall either drinke no wine at all or else very much allayed that is as much as his custome and the constitution of his stomacke can endure A fit time for purging and bleeding is the Spring and Autumne because according to the opinion of Hyppocrates gouts reigne chiefely in these seasons in Autumne for that the heate of the precedent Summer debilitareth the digestive faculty the native heate being dissipared as also the eating of Summer fruits hath heaped up plenty of crude humours in the body which easily flow downe into the passages of the joynts opened and dilated by the Summers heate adde hereunto that the inequality or variablenesse of Autumne weakeneth all the nervous parts and consequently the joynts But in the Spring for that the humours forced inwards by the coldnesse of the winter are drawn forth from the center to the circumference of the body and being attenuated fall into the joints upon a very small occasion Therefore there is great both necessity and opportunity for evacuation which if it shall not avert the accustomed fit yet it will make it more gentle and easie CHAP. X. Of Vomiting VOmiting is by all the Ancients exceedingly commended not onely for the prevention but also for the cure especially when as the matter floweth from the braine and stomacke for the phlegmatick serous and cholericke humours which usually flow from the joints are excluded and diverted by vomit and also there is attenuation of that phlegme which being more thicke and viscide adhereth to the roots of the stomack yet you must consider and see that the patient bee not of too weake a stomacke and braine for in this case vomiting is to bee suspected For the time such as have excrementitious humours flowing downe to the stomack through any occasion as by exercise and motion must vomit before they eate on the contrary such as are overcharged with an old congestion of humours must vomit after they have eaten something Certainly it is safer vomiting after meat then it is before For the dry stomacke cannot unlesse with great contention and straining free it selfe from the viscide humours impact in the coats thereof and hence there is no small danger of breaking a veine or artery in the Chest or Lungs especially if the patient bee strait chested and long necked the season cold and hee unaccustomed to such evacuation I remember that with this kind of remedy I cured a certaine Gentleman of Geneva grievously molested with a cruell pain in his shoulder and thereby impotent to use his left arme the Physicians and Surgeons of Lions seemed to omit nothing else for his cure For they had used purging phlebotomie hunger a Diet drinke of Gudiacum and China although his disease was not
Clisters and with opening the Cephalicke veine in the arme the arteries of the temples must be opened taking so much bloud out of them as the greatnesse of the Symptomes and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truly the incision that is made in opening of an arterie will close and joyne together as readily and with as little difficulty as the incision of a veine And of such an incision of an artery commeth present helpe by reason that the tensive and sharpe vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious bloud It were also very good to provoke a fluxe of bloud at the nose if nature be apt to exoneâ—ate herselfe that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieved or generally aketh if matter water or bloud flow out at the nostrils mouth or eares it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be provoked by strong blowing or striving to cleanse the nose by scratching or picking of the inner sides of the nostrils by pricking with an horse haire and long holding downe of the head The Lord of Fontains a Knight of the Order when we were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two dayes and thereby hee was freed of a pestilent Feaver which he had before a great sweat rising therewithall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration and by Gods grace he recovered his health being under my cure If the bloud doe flow out and cannot be stopped when it ought the hands armes and legges must be tyed with bands and sponges wet in Oxycrate must be put under the arme-holes cupping-glasses must be applyed unto the dugges the region of the liver and spleen and you must put into the nostrils the doune of the willow tree or any other astringent medicine incorporated with the haires pluckt from the flanke belly or throat of a Hare bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata the juice of Plantain and Knot-grasse mixed together and furthermore the patient must be placed or laied in a coole place But if the pain bee nothing mitigated not withstanding all these fluxes of bloud we must come to medicines that procure sleep whose formes are these Take of green Lettuce one handfull flowers of water Lillies and Violets of each two pugils one head of white Poppy bruised of the foure cold seeds of each two drams of Liquorice and Raisons of each one dram make thereof a decoction and in the straining dissolve one ounce and an halfe of Diacodion make thereof a large potion to be given when they goe to rest Also a Barly-creame may be prepared in the water of water-Lillies and of Sorrell of each two ounces adding thereto sixe or eight graines of Opium of the foure cold seeds and of white Poppy seeds of each halfe an ounce and let the same be boyled in broths with Lettuce and Purslaine also the Pils de Cynoglosso id est Hounds tongue may be given Clisters that provoke sleep must be used which may be thus prepared Take of Barly-water halfe a pinte oyle of Violets and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the water of Plantaine and Purslaine or rather of their juices three ounces of Camphire seven graines and the whites of three egges make thereof a Clister The head must be fomented with Rose-vinegar the haire being first shaven away leaving a double cloth wet therein on the same and often renewed Sheepes lungs taken warme out of the bodies may be applyed to the head as long as they are warme Cupping-glasses with and without scarification may be applyed to the neck and shoulder-blades The armes and legs must be strongly bound being first wel rubbed to divert the sharpe vapours and humours from the head Frontals may also bee made on this manner Take of the oyle of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the oyle of Poppy halfe an ounce of Opium one dram of Rose-vinegar one ounce of Camphire halfe a dram mixe them together Also Nodules may bee made of the flowers of Poppies Henbane water-Lillies Mandrakes beaten in Rose-water with a little Vinegar and a little Camphire and let them be often applyed to the nostrils for this purpose Cataplasmes also may be laid to the forehead As Take of the mucilage of the seeds of Psilium id est Flea-wort and Quince seeds extracted in Rose-water three ounces of Barly-meale foure ounces of the powder of Rose-leaves the flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each halfe an ounce of the seeds of Poppies and Purslaine of each two ounces of the water and vinegar of Roses of each three ounces make thereof a Cataplasme and apply it warme unto the head Or take of the juice of Lettuce water-Lillies Henbane Purslaine of each half a pint of Rose-leaves in powder the seeds of Poppy of each halfe an ounce oyle of Roses three ounces of Vinegar two ounces of Barly-meale as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasme in the forme of a liquid Pultis When the heate of the head is mitigated by these medicines and the inflammation of the braine asswaged wee must come unto digesting and resolving fomentations which may disperse the matter of the vapours But commonly in paine of the head they doe use to bind the forehead and hinder part of the head very strongly which in this case must bee avoyded CHAP. XXVII Of the heat of the Kidnies THe heat of the kidnies is tempered by anointing with unguent refrigerans Galen newly made adding therto the whites of egs wel beaten that so the ointment may keep moyst the longer let this liniment bee renewed every quarter of an houre wiping away the reliques of the old Or â„ž aq ros lb. ss sucti plant â„¥ iv alb ovorum iv olei rosacei nenuph. an â„¥ ii aceti ros â„¥ iii. misce ad usum When you have anointed the part lay thereon the leaves of water-Lillies or the like cold herbs then presently thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate wrung out againe and often changed the patient shall not lye upon a feather bed but on a quilt stuffed with the chaffe of oates or upon a matte with many doubled clothes or Chamelet spread thereon To the region of the heart may in the meane time bee applyed a refrigerating and alexiteriall medicine as this which followeth â„ž ung rosat â„¥ iii. olei nenupharini â„¥ ii aceti ros aquaerosar an â„¥ i. theriacae Ê’i croci Ê’ ss Of these melted and mixed together make a soft ointment which spred upon a scarlet cloth may be applyed to the region of the heart Or â„ž theriacae opt Ê’i ss succi citri acidi limonis an â„¥ ss coral rub sem rosar rub an Ê’ ss caphurae croci an gra iiii let them bee all mixed together and make an ointment or liniment At the head of the patient as he lies in his bed shall be set an Ewre or cocke with
tasteth nor the hands that they touch For all these things are the offices and functions of the common sense for this sense knoweth that the eye hath seene some thing either white blacke red a man horse sheepe or some such like materiall thing yea even when the sight is gone and past and so likewise the nose to have smelled this or that savour the eare to have heard this or that sound the tongue to have tasted this or that tast and the hand to have touched this or that thing bee they never so diverse For all the externall senses and all the functions thereof do end and are referred to the common sense as it were the lines of a circle from the circumference into the centre as it is expressed in this figure For which cause it is called the common or principll sense for that therein the primitive power of feeling or perceiving is situated for it useth the ministery or service of the externall senses to know many and divers things whose differences it doth discerne and judge but simple things that are of themselves and without any composition and connexion which may constitute any thing true or false or any argumentation belongeth onely to the minde understanding or reason For this was the counsell of nature that the externall senses should receive the formes of things superficially lightly and gently onely like as a glasse not to any other end but that they should presently send them unto the common sense as it were unto their center and prince which he that is to say the common sense at length delivereth to be collected unto the understanding or reasoning faculty of the soule which Avicen and Averrois have supposed to be situated in the former part of the braine Next unto the common sense followeth the phantasie or imagination so called because of it arise the formes and Ideas that are conceived in the minde called of the Geekes Phantasmata This doth never rest but in those that sleepe neither alwaies in them for oft-times in them it causeth dreames and causeth them to suppose they see and perceive such things as were never perceived by the senses nor which the nature of things nor the order of the world will permit The power of this faculty of the minde is so great in us that often it bringeth the whole body in subjection unto it For it is recorded in history that Alexander the Great sitting at Table and hearing Timotheus the Musician fing a martiall Sonnet unto his Citherne that hee presently leaped from the table and called for armes but when againe the Musician mollifyed his tune hee returned to the Table and sate downe as before The power of Imagination caused by musicall harmony was so great that it subjected to it the courage of the Worlds conquerour by whose various motion it would now as it were cause him to runne headlong to armes and then pacifie and quiet him and so cause him to returne to his chaire and banquetting againe And there was one whosoever it was who some few yeares agone seeing the Turke dance on a rope on high with both his feet fastened in a bason turned his eyes from so dangerous a sight or spectacle although hee came to the place of purpose to see it and was stricken with such feare that his body shooke and heart quaked for feare lest that by sudden falling downe headlong hee should breake his necke Many looking downe from an high and lofty place are so stricken with feare that suddenly they fall downe headlong being so overcome and bound with the imagination of the danger that their owne strength is not able to sustaine them Therefore it manifestly appeareth that God hath dealt most graciously and lovingly with us who unto this power of imagination hath joyned another that is the faculty or power of reason and understanding which discerning false dangers and perils from true doth sustain and hold up a man that he may not be overthrowne by them After this appeareth and approacheth to performe his function the faculty of Reason being the Prince of all the principall faculties of the soule which bringeth together composeth joyneth and reduceth all the simple and divided formes or images of things into one heape that by dividing collecting and reasoning it might discerne and try truth from falshood This faculty of Understanding or Reason is subject to no faculty or instrument of the body but is free and penetrateth into every secret intricate and hidden thing with an incredible celerity by which a man seeth what will follow perceiveth the originalls and causes of things is not ignorant of the proceedings of things he compareth things that are past with those that are present and to come decreeing what to follow and what to avoyde This bridleth and with-holdeth the furious motions of the minde bridleth the overhasty motions of the tongue and admonisheth the speaker that before the words passe out of his mouth hee ought with diligence and discretion to ponder and consider the thing whereof hee is about to speake After Reason and Judgement followeth Memory which keeping and conserving all formes and images that it receiveth of the senses and which Reason shall appoint and as a faithfull keeper and conserver receiveth all things and imprinteth and sealeth them as well by their owne vertue and power as by the impulsion and adherence of those things in the body of the braine without any impression of the matter that when occasion serveth we may bring them forth therehence as out of a treasurie or store-house For otherwise to what purpose were it to reade heare and note so many things unlesse wee were able to keepe and retaine them in minde by the care and custody of the Memory or Braine Therefore assuredly God hath given us this one onely remedy and preservative against the oblivion and ignorance of things which although of it selfe and of its owne nature it bee of greater efficacie yet by daily and often meditation it is trimmed and made more exquifite and perfect And hence it was that the Ancients termed wisedome the daughter of memory and experience Many have supposed that the mansion or seate of the Memory is in the hinder part or in the ventricle of the Cerebellum by reason that it is apt to receive the formes of things because of the engrafted drynesse and hardnesse thereof CHAP. XII Of the naturall excrements in generall and especially of those that the childe or infant being in the wombe excludeth BEfore I declare what excrements the infant excludeth in the wombe and by what passages I thinke it good to speak of the excrements which all men doe naturally voyde All that is called an excrement which nature is accustomed to separate and cast out from the laudible and nourishing juice There are many kinds of those excrements The first is of the first concoction which is performed in the stomacke which being driven downe into
of generation should be granted to devills long since all places had beene full of them Wherefore if at any time women with childe by the familiarity of the devill seeme to travell we must thinke it happens by those arts we mentioned in the former chapter to wit they use to stuffe up the bodies of living women with old clouts bones pieces of iron thornes twisted haires pieces of wood serpents and a world of such trumpery wholly dissenting from a womans nature who afterwards the time as it were of their delivery drawing nigh through the wombe of her that was falsly judged with child before the blinded and as it were bound up eyes of the by-standing women they give vent to their impostures The following history recorded in the writings of many most credible authors may give credit hereto There was at Constance a faire damosell called Margaret who served a wealthy Citizen she gave it out every where that she was with child by lying with the devill on a certaine night Wherefore the Magistrates thought it fit she should bee kept in prison that it might bee apparent both to them and others what the end of this exploit would bee The time of deliverance approaching shee felt paines like those which women endure in travell at length after many throwes by the midwives helpe in stead of a childe shee brought forth iron nailes pieces of wood of glasse bones stones haires towe and the like things as much different from each other as from the nature of her that brought them forth and which were formerly thrust in by the devill to delude the too credulous mindes of men The Church acknowledgeth that devils by the permission and appointment of God punishing our wickednesse may abuse a certaine shape so to use copulation with mankinde But that a humane birth may thence arise it not onely affirmes to bee false but detests as impious as which beleeves that there was never any man begot without the seed of man our Saviour Christ excepted Now what confusion and perturbation of creatures should possesse this world as Cassianus saith if divells could conceive by copulation with men or if women should prove with childe by accompanying them howmany monsters would the divells have brought forth from the beginning of the world how many prodigies by casting their seed into the wombes of wilde and brute beasts for by the opinion of Philosophers as often as faculty and will concurre the effect must necessarily follow now the Devils never have wanted will to disturbe mankinde and the order of this world for the devill as they say is our enemy from the beginning and as God is the author of order and beauty so the devill by pride contrary to God is the causer of confusion and wickednesse Wherefore if power should accrew equall to his evill minde and nature and his infinite desire of mischiefe and envie who can doubt but a great confusion of all things and species and also great deformity would invade the decent and comely order of this universe monsters arising on every side But seeing that devills are incorporeall what reason can induce us to beleeve that they can be delighted with venereous actions and what will can there be where as there is no delight nor any decay of the species to be feared seeing that by Gods appointment they are immortall so to remaine for ever in punishment so what need they succession of individualls by generation wherefore if they neither will nor can it is a madnesse to thinke that they doe commixe with man CHAP. XVII Of Magicke and supernaturall diseases and remedies THat I may refresh the mind of the Reader invited to these histories of monsters raised up by the art of the divell witches and conjurers his servants I have thought good to add the following histories of certaine diseases and remedies supernaturall and wholly magicall out of Fernelius There are diseases which as they are sent amongst men by God being offended so they cannot expect cure otherwise than from God from whence they are thought supernaturally to have their essence and cure Thus the aire oft-times yet chiefly in the time of King David being defiled with the pestilence killed sixty odde thousand persons Thus Ezechias was strucke with a grievous disease Job was defiled with filthy ulcers by Sathan at Gods command And as the Devill the cruell enemy of mankinde commonly useth by Gods permission to afflict those so wicked persons by the wondrous subtlety of the devill offer violence and doe harme to many Some invoke I know not what spirits and adjure them with herbes exorcismes imprecations incantations charmes others hang about their neckes or otherwise carry certaine writings characters rings images and other such impious stuffe Some use songs sounds or numbers sometimes potions perfumes and smells sometimes gestures and jugling There be some that make the portraiture of the absent party in waxe and boast that they can cause or bring a disease into what soever part thereof they prick by the force of their words and starres into the like part of the party absent and they have no few other trickes to bring diseases We know for certain that magicians witches and conjurers have by charmes so bound some that they could not have to do with their wives and have made others so impotent as if they had bin gelt or made eunuches Neither do wicked men onely send diseases into mans body but also devills themselves These truely are soone distracted with a certain fury but in this one thing they differ from simple madnesse for that they speake things of great difficulty tell things past and hid disclose the secrets of such as are present and revile them many waies and are terrified tremble or grow angry by the power of divine words One not very long agone being by reason of heat exceeding dry in the night time rising out of his sleep and not finding drinke took an apple that he found by chance and eating it he thought his jawes were shut and held fast as by ones hands and that he was almost strangled and also now possessed of a Devill entring into him hee seemed in the darke to bee devoured of a huge exceeding blacke dogge which hee afterwards restored to his former health orderly related to me There were divers who by his pulse heat and the roughnesse of his tongue thought him to be in a feaver and by his watching and the perturbation of his minde thought him onely to rave Another young Noble-man some few yeeres since was troubled at set times with a shaking of the body and as it were a convulsion wherewith one while hee would move onely his left arme another while the right arme and also sometimes but one finger onely somewhiles but one legge sometimes the other and at other times the whole trunk of his body with such force and agility that lying in his bed he could scarce be held by foure men
This Physitian was a certaine while at Thurin to deale with him and was often called to visite the hurt people where he alwayes found me and I consulted with him and some other Chirurgions and when wee had resolved to doe any serious worke of Chirurgery t was Ambrose Pare that put his hand thereto where I did it promptly and with dexterity and with a great assurance in so much that the sayd Physition admired me to see me so ready in the operation of Chirurgery seeing the small age which I had One day discoursing with the sayd Lord Marshall he sayd to him Signor tu hai un Chirurgico giovane de anni ma egli 〈◊〉 vecckio di sapere e di esperientia Guarda lâ— bene perche egli ti fara servicio honore That is to say Thou hast a young Chirurgion of age but he is old in knowledg and experience preserve him well for he will doe thee service and honour But the old man knew not that I had dwelt three yeares in the Hospitall of Paris there to dresse the diseased In the end Monsieur Marshall dyed with his hepaticall fluxe Being dead the King sent Monsieur the Marshall of Annebaeâ—t to be in this place who did me this honour to pray me to dwell with him and that he would use me as well or better than Monsieur the Marshall Mountain which I would not doe for the greefe I had for the losse of my master who loved me intimately and I him in the like manner and so I came backe to Paris The Voyage of Marolle and of low Brritany 1543. I Went to the Camp of Marolle with the deceased Monsieur de Rohan where King Francis was in person and I was Chirurgion of the company of the sayd Monsieur de Rohan Now the King was advertized by Monsieur de Estampes governour of Brittany that the English had hoyste Sayle to land in Low Brittany and prayed him that he would send Monsieur de Rohan and Monsieur de Laval for succour because they were the Lords of that Countrey and for their sakes those of that Country would beate backe the enemy and keepe them from landing Having received this advertisement his Majesty dispatched to send the sayd Lords for the releefe of their Countrey and to each was given as much power as to the Governour in so much that they were all three the Kings Lievetenants They tooke willingly this charge upon them and speedily went away in Poste and lead me with them to Landreneau there where we found every one in armes the Alarum bells sounding on every side yea five or sixe leagues about the Harbors that is to say Brest Conquet Crozon Le Fou Doulac Laudanec each of them well furnisht with Artillery as Cannons Demy-cannons Culverins Sakers Serpentines Falcons Harque buzes in breefe there was nothing wanting in Artillery or souldiers aswell Brittanes as French to hinder that the English made no landing as they had resolved at their parting from England The enemies Army came unto the very mouth of the Cannon and when we perceived them that they would land they were saluted with Cannon shot and we discovered our men of warre together with our Artillery they fled to Sea againe where I was glad to see their vessells hoise saile againe which was in a great number and in good order and seemed like a Forest which marched upon the Sea I saw a thing also whereat I marveiled much which was that the bullets of great peeces made great rebounds and grazed upon the water as upon the ground Now to make the matter short the English did us no harme and returned whole and sound into England and left us in peace We stayd in that Countrey in garrison till we were assured that their army was dispersed In the meane time our horsement exercised their feates of activity as to run at the ring fight in duell and others so that there was still something to imploy me withall Monsieur de Estampes to make sport and pleasure to the sayd Monsieur de Rohan and Laval and other gentlemen caused diverse Countrey wenches to come to the feasts to sing songs in the Low Brittan tongue where their harmony was like the croaking of Frogges while they are in love Moreover made them dance the Brittany Triory without mooving feete or buttockes hee made them heare and see much good Otherwhiles they caused the Wrastlers of the Cittyes and Townes to come where there was a Prize for the best and the sport was seldome ended but that one or other had a legge or an arme broken or the shoulder or hippe displaced there was a little man of Low Britany of a square body and well set who held a long time the credit of the field and by his skill and strength threw five or sixe to the ground there came to him a great schoole master who was sayd to be one of the best wrastlers of all Brittany he entred into the lists having taken off his long jacket in hose and doublet and being neere the little man he seemed as if he had beene tyed to his girdle Notwithstanding when each of them tooke hold of the collar they were a long time without doing any thing and they thought they would remaine equall in force and skill but the little man cast himselfe with an ambling leape under this great Pedant and tooke him on his shoulder and cast him on his Kidneyes spread abroad like a frogge and then all the company laught at the skill and strength of this little fellow This great Dativo had a great spight for being cast by so little a man he rose againe in choler and would have his revenge They tooke hold againe of each others collar and were againe a good while at their hold without falling to ground in the end this great man let himselfe fall upon the little and in falling put his elbow upon the pitch of his stomacke and burst his heart and kild him starke dead And knowing he had given him his deathes blow tooke againe his long cassocke and went away with his tayle betweene his legges and hid himselfe seeing that the little man came not againe to himselfe either for Wine Vinegar or any other thing that was presented unto him I drew neere to him and felt his pulse which did not beate at all then I sayd he was dead then the Brittanes who assisted the wrastling sayd aloud in their jabbering that is not in the sport And some sayd that the sayd Pedagoge was accustomed to doe so and that but a yeere passed he had done the like in a wrastling I would needes open the body to know the cause of this sodaine death where I found much blood in the Thorax and in the inferiour belly and I strived to finde out any apeâ—tion in the place from whence might issue so great a quantity of blood which I could not doe for all the dilligence I could
of the blood descends under the Diaphragme and on the left side is conjoyned to the emulgent veine which is the way by which the matter in pleuresies and in Empiema doe manifestly empty themselves by urine and stoole As it is likewise seene the pure milke of the brests of women newly brought to bed to descend by the Mammillary Veines and to be evacuated downewards by the necke of the wombe without being mixt with the blood And such a thing is done as it were by a miracle of nature by her expulsive and sequesting vertue which is seene by experience of two glasse vessells called Mount-wine let the one be filled with water and the other with Claret wine and let them be put the one upon the other that is to say that which shall bee filled with water upon that which shall be filled with wine and you shall apparently see the wine mount up to the top of the vessell quite through the water and the water descend atraverse the wine and goe to the bottome of the vessell without mixture of both and if such a thing be done so exteriorly and openly to the sense of our eye by things without life you must beleeve the same in our understanding That nature can make matter and blood to passe having beene out of their vessells yea through the bones without being mingled with the good blood Our discourse ended I embalmed the body and put it into a Coffinne after that the Emperors Chirurgion tooke me apart and told me if I would remaine with him that he would use me very well and that he would cloath me anew also that I should ride on horsebacke I thanked him very kindly for the honour he did me and told him that I had no desire to doe service to strangers and enemies to my Countrey then he told mee I was a foole and if he were prisoner as I hee would serve the divell to get his liberty In the end I told him flat that I would not dwell at all with him The Emperors Physition returned toward the sayd Lord of Savoy where he declared the cause of the death of the sayd Lord of Martigues and told him that it was impossible for all the men in the would to have cured him and confirmed againe that I had done what was necessary to be done and prayed him to winne mee to his service and spoke better of me than I deserved Having beene perswaded to take me to his service he gave charge to one of his stewards named Monfieur du Bouchet to tell me if I would dwell in his service that he would use me kindly I answered him that I thank't him most humbly and that I had resolved not to dwell with any stranger This my answer being heard by the Duke of Savoy he was somewhat in choller and sayd hee would send mee to the Gallies Monsieur de Vandeville Governour of Gravelin and Colonell of seaventeene Ensignes of foote prayed him to give me to him to dresse him of an Vlcer which he had in his Leg this six or seaven yeares Monsieur de Savoy told him because I was of worth that he was content and if I ranckled his Leg it would be â—ell done Hee answered that if hee perceaved any thing that hee would cause my throate to be cut Soone after the said Lord of Vaudeville sent for me by fowre Germane Halberdiers which affrighted me much not knowing whither they led mee they spake no more French than I high Dutch being arrived at his lodging he told mee I was welcome and that I was his and as soone as I should have cured him of that Vlcer in his Leg that he would give me leave to be gone without taking any ransome of me I told him I was not able to pay any ransome Then he made his Physition and Chirurgions in ordinary to shew mee his ulcerated Leg having seene and considered it we went apart into a Chamber where I began to tell them that the said Vlcer was annuall not being simple but complicated that is to say of a round figure and scaly having the lips hard and callous hollow and sordid accompanied with a great varicous veine which did perpetually feede it besides a great tumor and a phlegmonous distemper very painefull through the whole Leg in a body of cholericke complexion as the haire of his face and beard demonstrated The method to cure it if cured it could be was to begin with universall things that is with purgation and bleeding and with this order of dyet that hee should not use any wine at all nor any salt meates or of great nourishment chiefely these which did heat the blood afterward the cure must begun with making divers scarifications about the Vlcer and totally cutting away the callous edges or lips and giving a long or a triangular figure for the round will very hardly cure as the Ancients have left it in writing which is seene by experience That done the filth must be mundified as also the corrupted flesh which should be done with Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and upon it a bolster dipt in juice of Plantaine and Nightshade and Oxycrate and roule the Leg beginning at the foote and finishing at the knee not forgetting a little bolster upon the Varicous veine to the end no superfluities should flow to the Vlcer Moreover that he should take rest in his bed which is commanded by Hippocrates who saith that those who have soare Legs should not use much standing or sitting but lying along And after these things done and the Vlcer well mundified a plate of Lead rubbed with quickesilver should be applyed See then the meanes by which the said Lord Vaudeville might be cured of the said Vlcer all which they found good Then the Physition left mee with the Chirurgion and went to the Lord Vaudeville to tell him that he did assure him I would cure him and told him all that I had resolved to doe for the cure of his Vlcer whereof hee was very joyfull He made mee to bee called to him and asked me if I was of the opinion that his Vlcer could be cured and I told him yes provided he would be obedient to doe what he ought He made me a promise hee would performe all things which I would appoint and as soone as his Vlcer should be cured he would give me liberty to returne without paying any ransome Then I beseech't him to come to a better composition with me telling him that the time would be too long to bee in liberty if I stayd till hee was perfectly well and that I hoped within fifteene dayes the Vlcer should bee diminished more than one halfe and it should bee without paine and that his Physitions and Chirurgions would finish the rest of the cure very easily To which hee agreed and then I tooke a peece of paper and cut it the largenesse of the Vlcer which I gave him and kept as much my selfe I prayd him to keepe promise when he should
joynt of the hippe which fractured and broke the Os femoris in divers places from whence divers accidents did arise and then death which was to my great greefe The day after my arrivall I would goe to the field where the battell was given to see the dead bodyes I saw a league about all the earth covered where there was by estimation five and twenty thousand men or more All which were dispatcht in the space of two houres I would my little master for the love I beare you that you had beene there to recount it to your schollers and to your children Now in the meane time while I was at Dreux I visited and drest a great number of gentlemen and poore Souldiers amongst the rest many Swisser Captaines I dressed 14 in one chamber onely all hurt with Pistoll shot and other instruments of Diabolicall fire and not one of the foureteene dyed Monsieur the Count of E◠being dead I made no long tarrying at Dreux there came Chirurgions from Paris who performed well their duty toward the hurt people as Pigray Cointeret Hubert and others and I returned to Paris where I found diverse gentlemen wounded who had retired themselves thither after the battell to be drest of their hurts The Voyage of the battell of Moncontor 1569. DVring the battell of Moncontour King Charles was at Plessei the Towers where he neard they had wonne it a great number of hurt gentlemen and Souldiers with drew themselves into the Citty and suburbes of Towers to be drest and help◠where the King and Queene Mother commanded me to shew my duty with the other Chirurgions who were then in quarter as Pigray du Bois Portail and one named Siret a Chirurgion of Towers a man very skilfull in Chirurgery and at that time Chirurgion to the Kings brother and for the multitude of the wounded wee were but little in repose nor the Physitions likewise Count Mansfield Governer of the Duchy of Luxembourge Knight of the King of Spaines order was greatly hurt in the battell in the left arme with a Pistoll shot which broke a great part of the joynt of the elbow and had retired himselfe to Bourgueil neere Towers being there he sent a gentlemen to the King affectionately to beseech him to send one of his Chirurgions to helpe him in his hurt Counsell was held what Chirurgion should be sent Monsieur the Marshall of Montmorency told the King and the Queene that it were best to send him his cheefe Chirurgion and declared to them that the sayd Lord Mansfield was one part of the cause of winning the battell The King sayd flat he would not that I should goe but would have me remaine close to him Then the Queene Mother sayd I should but goe and come and that he must consider it was a strange Lord who was come from the King of Spaines side to help and succour him And upon this he permitted me to goe provided that I should returne quickly After this resolution he sent for me and likewise the Queene Mother and commanded me to goe finde the sayd Lord Mansfield in the place where I was to serve him in all I could for the cure of his hurt I went and found him having with me a letter from their Majesties having seene it he received me with a good will and from thenceforth discharged three other Chirurgions that drest him which was to my great greefe because his hurt seemed to me uncureable Now at Bourgueil there were retired divers gentlmen who had beene hurt at the sayd battell knowing that Mounsieur de Guise was there who had beene also very much hurt with a Pistoll shot through one legge well assured that he would have good Chirurgions to dresse him and also that hee being kind and liberall would assist them with a great part of their necessities And for my part I did helpe and ayd them in my Art as much as it was possible some dyed some recovered according to their hurts The Count Ringrave died who had such a shot in the shoulder as the King of Navarro before Roüen Monsieure de Bassompiere Colonell of twelve hundred horse was hurt also in such a like place as Count Mansfield whom I drest and God cured God so well blessed my worke that within three weekes I led him back to Paris where I must yet make some incisions in the arme of the sayd Lord Mansfield to draw out the bones which were greatly broken and caries'd he was cured by the grace of God and gave me an honest reward so that I was well contented with him and he with me as he hath since made it appeare he writ a letter to the Duke of Ascot how that he was cured of his hurt and also Monsieur de Bassompiere of his and divers others which I had dress'◠after the battell of Montcontour and counselled him to beseech the King of France my good master to give me leave to goe see Monsieur the Marquesse of Auret his brother Voyage of Flanders MOnsieur the Duke of Ascot did not faile to send a Gentleman to the King with a letter humbly to beseech him to doe him so much good and honour as to permit and command his cheefe Chirurgion to come see the Marquesse of Auret his brother who had received a Musket shot neare the knee with fracture of the bone about seaven monthes since with the Physitions and Chirurgions in those parts were much troubled to cure The King sent for me and commanded me to goe see the said Lord Auret and to helpe him in all that I could for the cure of his hurt I told him I would imploy all that little knowledge which it had pleased God to give me I went then conducted by two Gentlemen to the Castle of Auret which is a league and a halfe from Mounts in Hainaut where the said Marquesse was as soone as I arrived I visited him and told him the King had commanded me to come see him and to dresse him of his hurt he told me he was glad of my comming and was much bound to the King to have done him the honour to have sent me to him I found him in a great Feaver his eyes very much sunke with a countenance gastly and yellow his tongue drie and rough and all the body emaciated and leane his speech low like that of a dying man then I found his thigh much swelled apostemated ulcerated and casting out a greene stinking matter I searcht it with a silver probe and by the same I found a cavity neare the groyne ending in the middle of the thigh and others about the knee sauious and cuniculous also certaine scales of bones some separated others not The Legge was much tumified and soaked with a pituitous humor cold moist and flatulent in so much that the naturall heate was in the way to be suffocated and extinguished and the said Legge crooked and retracted toward the buttockes his rumpe ulcerated the breadth of the palme
dresse my Lord who had received a Pistoll shot in the middle of the spondills of his backe whereby he presently lost all sence and motion of thighes and legges with retention of excrements not being able to cast out his Vrine nor anything by the fundament because that the spinall marrow from whence proceede the sinewes to give sense and motion to the inferiour parts was bruised broken and torne by the vehemence of the bullet He likewise loft his reason and understanding and in a few dayes he dyed The Chirurgions of Paris were a long time troubled to dresse the sayd wounded people I beleeve my little master that you saw some of them I beseech the great God of Victories that we may never be imployed in such evill encounters and disasters The voyage of Bayonne 1564. NOw I say moreover what I did in the voyage with the King to Bayonne where we have beene two yeares and more to compasse all this Kingdome where in divers Citties and Villages I have beene called into consultations for divers diseases with the deceased Monsieur Chaplaine cheefe Phisition to the King and Monsieur Chastellan cheefe to the Queene Mother a man of great honour and knowledge in Physicke and Chirurgery making this voyage I was alwayes inquisitive of the Chirurgions if they had marked any rare thing of remarke in their practice to the end to learne some new thing Being at Bayonne there happened two things of remarke for the young Chirurgions The first was that I drest a Spanish Gentleman who had a greevous great impostume in his throate he came to have beene touched by the deceased King Charles for the Evill I made incision in his Aposteme where there was found great quantity of creeping wormes as bigge as the point of a spindle having a blacke head and there was great quantity of rotten flesh Moreover there was under his tongue an impostume called â—anula which hindred him to utter forth his words and to eate and swallow his meate he pray'd mee with his held up hands to open it for him if it could be done without perill of his person which I immediatly did and found under my Lancet a solid body which was five stones like those which are drawne from the bladder The greatest was as big as an Almond and the other like little long Beanes which were five in number in this aposteme was contained a slimy humor of a yellow colour which was more than foure spoonefulls I left him in the hands of a Chirurgion of the Citty to finish the cure Monsieur de Fontaine Knight of the Kings Order had a great continuall pestilent Feaver accompanyed with divers Carboneles in divers parts of his body who was two dayes without ceasing to bleed at nose nor could it be stancht and by that meanes the feaver ceased with a very great sweat and soone after the Charboncles ripened and were by me dressed and by the grace of God cured I have publisht this Apologie to the end that each man may know with what foot I have alwayes marched and I thinke there is not any man so ticklish which taketh not in good part what I have said seeing my discourse is true and that the effect sheweth the thing to the eye reason being my warrant against all Calumnies The end of the Apologie and Voyages FINIS A GENERALL TABLE OF ALL THE CHIEFE THINGS TREAted of in this Worke. A ABortions why frequent in a pestilent season Pag. 821 their causes c. 921 Abductores musculi 223 238 Abscesses how to be opened 259 Aconite the symptomes caused thereby and their cure 807 Actuall Cauteries preferred before Potentiall 749. Their formes and use 750. 751. Their force against venemous bites 784 Action the definition and division thereof 23 Voluntary Action 24 Adders their bitings the symptomes thereone usuing together with the cure 790 Adiposa vena 116 Adductores musculi 222 Adjuncts of things naturall 27 Adâ—ata sive Conjunctiva one of the coates of the Eye 182 Aegilops what 948. the differences thereof Ibid. the cure 649 Aegyptiacum the force thereof against putrefaction 433. a cleanser and not a suppurative 46. descriptions thereof 456 423. the praise thereof 856 Afterbirth see Secundine 1 After-tongue 195 After-wrest 518 Age what the division thereof 9 Ages compared to the foure seasons of the yeare 10 Agonie what 40 Agues see Quotidian Quartaine Tertian Bastard Agues how cured 286 Agglutinative medicines 326. their nature and use 1046 Aire an Element the prime qualities thereof 6 the necessity thereof for life 29. which hurtfull 30. What understood thereby ib. How it changes our bodies 31. Though in Summer colder than the Braine 357. How it becomes hurtfull 416. How to be corrected 429. Of what force in breeding diseases 433. What force the Starre have upon it 434. How that which is corrupt or venemous may kill a man 782. How it may bee corrupted 819. Pent up it is apt to putrifie 837. change thereof conduces to the cure of the Plague 837 Alae what 130 Allantoides tunica there is no such shewed by three severall reasons 132 Albugineus humor the use thereof 184 Almonds of the throate or eares their History 193. their tumor with the causes and signes thereof 293. The cure 294 Almonds encrease the paine of the head 357 Alopecia what the cause which curable and how and which not 637 Amnios tunica the substance and composure thereof 132 Amphiblistroides vel retiformis tunica 183 Amputation of a member when to be made 457. How to be performed 458. To stanch bleeding ensuing thereon 459. how to dresse the part 460. To performe the rest of the cure 461. Sometimes made at a joynt 463 Anatomy the necessity of the knowledg thereof 79. A threefold method thereof 80. The definition thereof c. ibid. Anatomicall administration of the lower Belly 87. Of the sternon 139. Axiomes 122 152 183 212 226 Aneurisma what 286. How cured 287. Which incurable ibid. Anger the effects thereof 39 Angina see squinancie Anima how many wayes taken 7. See soule Animall parts which 83. Their division 84 Anodyne medicines 1047. For the eyes 379 in paines of the teeth 401 Antidots must be given in great quantities 785 No one against all poysons 809. To be used in the cure of the plague 843 844 Antipathy see sympathy Antipathy betweene some Men and a Cat 804. Of poysons with poysons 823 Ants. 59. Their care 60 Apes their immitation of mens actions 69 Apium risus the poysonous quallity thereof with the cure 805 Apologie concerning wounds made by Gun-shot 432. That such wounds are not poysonea 436. Concerning binding of vessells c. 1133 Apophlegmatismes what and their use 1069 Apophyses clinoides 172 174 Aphorismes concerning Chirurgery selected out of Hippocrates 1116. 1117. Of the Author 1119 Apostumes see impostumes Apothecaries choise of such as shall have care of those sicke of the Plague 830 Appendices glandulosae 122 Aqua fortis the poysonous quality and the cure thereof
Hydrargyrum as a certaine higher power conteines therein all the power of Guajacum yet much more excellent and efficacious for besides that it heats attenuates cuts resolves and dryes it provokes sweat and urine and besides it expels noxious humours upwards and downewards by the mouth and stoole By which evacuations not onely the more subtle but also the more grosse and foeculent excrements wherein the seat of this disease is properly fixed are dispersed and evacuated by which the Physician may bee bold to assure himselfe of certaine victory over the disease But after the use of the decoction of Guajacum fresh paines and knots arise by the reliques of the more grosse and viscous humours left in the cavities of the entrailes but Hydrargyrum leaves no reliques behind it CHAP. VII How to make choice of the wood Guajacum THat is preferred before the rest which is of a great logge of a dusky colour new gummy with a fresh strong smell an acride and some what biting taste the barke cleaving very close to the wood It hath a faculty to heat rarifie attenuate attract to cause sweat and move urine and besides by a specifick property to weaken the viculency of the Lues Venerea There are three substances taken notice of in this wood the first is the barke the other is a whitish wood which is next to the barke the third is the heart of the wood that is the inner blackish and more dusky part thereof The barke is the more dry wherefore you shall use it when as you would dry more powerfully the middle substance is more moist because it is more succulent and fat that which lyeth betweene both is of a milde temper Wherefore the two last are more convenient for delicate natures and rare bodies which require lesse drying Furthermore the barke must be given to dense and strong natures that by the more fierie force thereof the humours may be made more fluide and the passages of the body more passable But I would here bee understood to meane such barke as is not putride and rotten with age to which fault it is very subject for that long before it bee shipped by our people the wood lyeth in heapes upon the shore in the open aire untill they can finde chapmen for it which when it is brought aboard it is stowed in the hold or bottome of the ship where beneath by the sea through the chinkes of the bords and above by the mariners it usually gathereth much dirt When it is brought hither to us it is bought and sold by weight wherfore that it may keep the weight the Druggists lay it up in vaults and cellars under ground where the surface thereof bedewed with much moisture can scarce escape mouldinesse and rottennesse Wherefore I doe not like to give the decoction either of the barke or wood which is next thereto to sicke people CHAP. VIII Of the preparation of the decoction of Guajacum FIrst you must have your Guajacum shaved into small pieces and to every pound of the shavings adde of faire water eight ten or twelve pints more or lesse as the nature of the party and condition of the disease shall seeme to require according to the rule of the formerly mentioned indications Let the water be hot or warme especially if it be in winter that so it may the more easily throughly enter into the body of the wood draw into it selfe the faculties thereof in the space of twenty foure houres wherein it is macerated then boyle it in balneo to avoyd empyreuma or taste of fire which it will contract by boyling it over a hot fire Yet some nothing regard this but thinke the patient sufficiently served if they make a decoction in an earthen pot well glased over a gentle fire so that no part of the liquor may runne over the mouth of the vessel for that thus so much of the strength of the decoction might vanish away Howsoever it be made let it be boyled to the consumption of half a third or fourth part as the nature of the patient disease shall seem to require There be some who mixe divers simples therwith which have an occult and proper simpathy with that part of the body which is principally hurt by the disease which at the least may serve in stead of a vehicle to carry the faculties of the decoction thither where the disease most reigneth Others adde thereto purging medicines whose judgement I cannot approve of for that I thinke it is not for the patients good to attempt two evacuations at once that is to expell the humors by sweat by the habit of the body and by purging by the belly for that as much urine so also much sweat shewes little evacuation by stoole For these two motions are contrary which nature cannot brooke at once For purging drawes from the circumference to the Center but sweat runs a quite contrary course and this is the opinion of many great physitians This first decoction being boyled out strained the like quantity of water shall be put to the stuffe or masse that so being boyled again without any further infusion strained with the addition of a little cinamon for the strengthening of the stomacke the patient may use it at his meales and betweene his meales if he be dry for his ordinary drinke The quantity of the first decoction to be taken at once ought to be some five or sixe ounces and it shall be drunke warm that so it may be the sooner brought into action and lest the actuall coldnesse should offend the stomacke and then the patient being well covered shall keep himself in bed and there expect sweat which if it come slowly on it shall bee helped forwards with stone bottles filled full of hot water and put to the soles of the feet If any parts in the interim shall bee much pained they shall bee comforted by applying of swines bladders halfe filled with the same decoction heated Neither will it bee unprofitable before the decoction bee drunke to rubbe over all the body with warme linnen clothes that by this meanes the humours may be attenuated and the pores of the skinne opened When he shall have sweat some two houres the parts opposite to the grieved places shall first be wiped then presently but more gently the grieved parts themselves lest a greater confluxe of humours flow thereto These things being done he shall keep himself in bed shunning the cold aire untill he be cooled and come to himselfe againe some two houres after hee shall so dine as the disease and his former custome shall seeme to require sixe houres after betaking himselfe to his bed hee shall drinke the like quantity of the decoction and order himselfe as before But if he be either weake or weary of his bed it shall bee sufficient to keepe the house without lying downe for although he shall not sweate yet there
will be a great dissipation of the vapours and venenate spitits by infensible transpiration for the Lues venerea by the onely communication of these often times catcheth hold and propagates it selfe in lying with a bedfellow tainted therewith But as it is requisite to have let blood and purged the body by the advise of a physitian before the taking of the decoction of Guajacum so whilest hee doth take it it much conduceth to keepe the belly soluble which is much bound by the heat drinesse of such a drink and to preserve the purity of the first veines by a glyster or laxative medicine taken every fifth or sixt day But for the use of it we must warily observe taking indication not onely from the malignity and contumacy of the disease but also from the particular nature of the patient for such as have their body wasted by heat and leanenesse and their skinne dry and scaily whence you may gather a great adustion of the humours and as it were a certaine incineration of the habit of the body must more sparingly make use of these things but rather temper the body by humecting things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly as bathes ointments without quicksilver and other such like things And then a very weake decoction of Guajacum shall bee used for a few dayes before your unction with Quicke-silver A more plentifull diet as it drawes forth the disease which of its owne nature is long so a more sparing and slender diet makes the ulcers more rebellious and contumacious by a hecticke drinesse Therefore a middle course must be kept and meats made choice of which are fit and naturally engender good and laudible juice in the body For it is not only great ignorance but much more cruelty to goe about to conteine all patients without any difference within the strait allowance of four ounces of Ship-bisket and twelve damaske prunes for I judge it farre better to diet the patient with Lambe Veale Kid Pullets fat Larkes and Blacke-birds as those which have a farre greater familiarity with our bodies than Prunes and the like Junkets Let his bread bee made of white wheat well leavened neither too new or tough neither too old or hard Let his drinke be made of the masse or strainings of the first decoction of Guajacum boiled with more water as was formerly mentioned yet if there arise any great weakenesse of the faculties you may permit the use of some little wine drinking especially before each mealea cup of the last mentioned decoction Let him avoyd sleepe presently after meat for so the head is filled with grosse vapoures Passions or perturbations of the mind must also be avoyded for that by these the spirits are inflamed and dissipated all delights of honest pleasure are to be desired but venety wholly avoyded as that which weakens all the nervous parts Many in stead of a decoction of Guajacum use a decoction of China Now this China is the roote of a certain rush knotty rare heavie when it is fresh but light when it is waxed old it is also without smell whence many judge it voyd of any effectuall quality it is brought into use out of India it is thus prepared it is cut into thin round slices boyld in fountaine or river water and is given to patients to drink morning and evening after this manner â„ž rad chin in taleol sect â„¥ ii aquoe font lb xii infundantur per hor. xii coquantur ad consumption tertiae partis Let him take â„¥ vi in the morning and so much at night let him expect a sweat in his bed a second decoction may be made of the masse remaining of the first but with a lesse quantity of water put thereto which also by longer boyling may draw forth the strength remaining in the masse be used at meals for ordinary drink There are some who make a third decoction therof buthat is wholy unprofitable and unusefull Sarsaparilla is prepared also just after the same manner CHAP. IX Of the second manner of curing the Lues venerea which is performed by friction or unction THe cure of the Lues venerea which is performed by unction and friction is more certaine yet not in every kinde condition and season thereof For if the disease bee inveterate from an humour tough grosse viscous and more tenaciously fixed inthe solid parts as you may gather by the knotty tumours of the bones for then we are so farre from doing any good with a friction used at the first that on the contrary wee bring the patient in danger of his life unlesse we shall have first prepared the humour to expulsion by emollient digesting things first used But if it be lately taken with moveable paines pustles and ulcers in the jawes throate and privie parts then may it be easily cured without such preparatives especially if the humour be sufficiently obedient and as it were prepared of it selfe and its owne nature Therefore first using generall medicines you may afterwards come to use the unction with Hydrargyrum CHAP. X. Of the choice preparation and mixing of Hydrargyrum HYdrargum which is cleere thinne white and fluide is the best on the contrary that which is livid and not so fluide is thought to be adulterated by the admixture of some lead That it may be the purer straine it through some sheepes leather for by pressing it when it is bound up it passeth through by its subtlety and leaves the filth and leaden drosse behinde it on the inside Then it may be boyled in vinegar with sage rosemary time chamomile melilote and strained againe that so many waies cleansed it may enter into ointments and plaisters To kill it more surely it shall bee long wrought and as it were ground in a mortar that it may bee broken and separated into most small particles thatby this meanes it may not bee able to gather it selfe into the former body to which purpose you may also adde some sulphur or sublimate as we shall shew hereafter It is most usually mixed with hogs grease adding thereto some oyle of turpentine nutmegs cloves sage and Galens treacle If a Leucophlegmatia together with the Lues venerea affect the body then hot attenuating cutting and drying things shall be added to the medicine which shall be provided for unction the same shall be done when as we would have it to enter into the substance of the bones But if the patient be of a cholericke temper and his blood easie to be inflamed you shall make choice of lesse hot attractive and discussing things As when the body shall be replenished with knotty and scirrhous tumours or squalide by excessive drynesse then shall emollient and humecting things bee mixed therewith But that such ointments may have a better consistence I use to adde to each pound thereof four five or sixe yolkes of hard egges Therefore this shall be the forme of the ointment called Vigoes