conqueror_n august_n pious_a together_o with_o the_o whole_a senate_n 6._o have_v by_o common_a consent_n decree_v thus_o whereas_o we_o have_v receive_v the_o gift_n and_o blessing_n of_o the_o god_n by_o who_o we_o enjoy_v victory_n over_o our_o enemy_n as_o also_o temperate_a season_n and_o fruit_n in_o great_a plenty_n and_o abundance_n since_o we_o have_v find_v they_o our_o great_a benefactor_n and_o to_o supply_v we_o with_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v universal_o beneficial_a to_o all_o we_o therefore_o unanimous_o decree_v that_o all_o order_n of_o man_n as_o well_o child_n as_o servant_n soldier_n as_o private_a person_n shall_v offer_v sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n do_v reverence_n and_o supplication_n to_o they_o and_o if_o any_o shall_v dare_v to_o violate_v our_o divine_a order_n thus_o unanimous_o agree_v upon_o we_o command_v that_o he_o be_v cast_v into_o prison_n and_o afterward_o expose_v to_o several_a kind_n of_o torment_n if_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o be_v reclaim_v he_o may_v expect_v no_o mean_a honour_n from_o we_o but_o if_o he_o shall_v persist_v contumacious_a after_o many_o torture_n let_v he_o be_v behead_v or_o throw_v into_o the_o sea_n or_o cast_v out_o to_o be_v devour_v by_o dog_n and_o bird_n of_o prey_n but_o especial_o if_o there_o be_v any_o find_v of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o christian_n as_o for_o those_o that_o obey_v our_o decree_n they_o shall_v receive_v great_a honour_n and_o reward_n from_o we_o so_o happy_o fare_v you_o well_o to_o this_o we_o may_v add_v that_o short_a rescript_n of_o valerian_n 4._o valerian_n the_o emperor_n to_o the_o minister_n and_o governor_n of_o province_n we_o understand_v that_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n be_v violate_v by_o those_o who_o in_o these_o day_n call_v themselves_o christian_n wherefore_o we_o will_v that_o apprehend_v they_o unless_o they_o sacrifice_v to_o our_o god_n you_o expose_v they_o to_o divers_a kind_n of_o punishment_n that_o so_o both_o justice_n may_v have_v place_n without_o delay_n and_o vengeance_n in_o cut_v off_o impiety_n have_v attain_v its_o end_n may_v proceed_v no_o further_o this_o course_n they_o prosecute_v with_o so_o much_o vigour_n and_o fierceness_n that_o some_o of_o they_o boast_v that_o they_o have_v absolute_o effect_v their_o design_n witness_v those_o trophy_n and_o triumphal_a arch_n that_o be_v every_o where_o erect_v to_o perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o their_o conquest_n over_o christianity_n whereof_o these_o two_o inscription_n find_v at_o clunia_n in_o spain_n be_v a_o sufficient_a evidence_n diocletianus_n 3._o jovius_n et_fw-la maximian_n herculeus_fw-la caes._n augg._n amplificato_fw-la per._n orien_n tem_fw-la et_fw-la occidentem_fw-la imp._n rome_n et_fw-la nomine_fw-la christianorum_fw-la deleto_fw-it qui_fw-la remp._n ever_o tebant_fw-la the_o other_o diocletian_a 4._o caes._n aug_n galerio_n in._n ori_n enter_fw-la adopt_v supers_n titione_n christ_n ubiq_fw-la deleta_fw-la et_fw-la cull_v tu_fw-la deor._n propagato_fw-la the_o meaning_n of_o both_o which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o diocletian_a and_o his_o colleague_n maximianus_n have_v every_o be_v extinguish_v the_o wicked_a superstition_n of_o christ_n so_o pernicious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o have_v restore_v paganism_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o god_n but_o long_o before_o they_o we_o find_v nero_n the_o first_o emperor_n that_o raise_v persecution_n against_o the_o christian_n as_o tertullian_n note_v so_o active_a in_o the_o business_n as_o to_o glory_n or_o some_o flatterer_n in_o his_o behalf_n that_o he_o have_v do_v the_o work_n witness_v a_o inscription_n find_v also_o in_o spain_n neroni_n 9_o cl._n cais_n aug_n pont_n max._n ob._n provinc_fw-la latronib_fw-la et_fw-la his_o qui_fw-la novam_fw-la generi_fw-la hum_o super_fw-la stition_n inculcab_n purgatam_fw-la this_o inscription_n be_v set_v up_o in_o memory_n of_o his_o have_v purge_v the_o country_n of_o robber_n and_o such_o as_o have_v introduce_v and_o obtrude_v a_o new_a superstition_n upon_o mankind_n the_o christian_n its_o true_a be_v not_o particular_o name_v in_o it_o probable_o the_o gentile_n so_o much_o detest_v the_o very_a name_n of_o christian_a that_o especial_o in_o public_a monument_n they_o will_v not_o mention_v it_o yet_o can_v it_o be_v mean_v of_o no_o other_o for_o beside_o that_o this_o character_n of_o inculeat_v their_o superstition_n admirable_o agree_v to_o christian_n who_o seek_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o instill_v their_o principle_n into_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n beside_o that_o superstition_n be_v the_o common_a title_n by_o which_o the_o gentile_n be_v wont_a to_o denote_v christianity_n beside_o this_o there_o be_v not_o as_o baronius_n observe_v any_o other_o new_a religion_n at_o that_o time_n 69._o or_o long_o before_o or_o after_o that_o appear_v in_o the_o world_n to_o be_v sure_a none_o that_o can_v be_v the_o object_n of_o nero_n persecution_n and_o how_o he_o entertain_v this_o tertullian_n sufficient_o intimate_v 6._o bid_v they_o search_v their_o own_o record_n and_o they_o will_v find_v and_o from_o this_o very_a inscription_n alone_o it_o be_v evident_a they_o think_v that_o at_o least_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n they_o have_v whole_o extirpate_v and_o root_v it_o out_o by_o all_o which_o we_o may_v guess_v what_o hot_a service_n the_o christian_n have_v on_o it_o under_o those_o primitive_a persecution_n indeed_o their_o suffering_n be_v beyond_o all_o imagination_n great_a which_o yet_o do_v but_o so_o much_o the_o more_o exercise_n and_o advance_v their_o patience_n the_o bitterness_n of_o their_o suffering_n make_v their_o patience_n more_o eminent_a and_o illustrious_a of_o which_o that_o we_o may_v take_v the_o true_a measure_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v these_o two_o thing_n the_o greatness_n of_o those_o torment_n and_o suffering_n which_o the_o christian_n general_o undergo_v and_o then_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o carriage_n under_o they_o for_o the_o first_o the_o greatness_n of_o those_o torment_n and_o suffering_n which_o they_o undergo_v they_o be_v as_o bad_a as_o the_o wit_n and_o malice_n of_o either_o man_n or_o devil_n can_v invent_v in_o the_o consideration_n whereof_o we_o shall_v first_o take_v a_o view_n of_o those_o punishment_n which_o be_v more_o stand_v and_o ordinary_a familiar_o use_v among_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n and_o then_o of_o such_o as_o be_v extraordinary_o make_v use_n of_o towards_o the_o christian_n among_o their_o ordinary_a method_n of_o execution_n these_o six_o be_v most_o eminent_a the_o cross_n the_o rack_n the_o wheel_n burn_v wild_a beast_n condemn_v to_o mine_n i._o the_o cross_n deserve_v the_o first_o place_n in_o our_o account_n not_o only_o as_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o universal_a way_n of_o punishment_n among_o the_o gentile_n and_o from_o they_o bring_v in_o among_o the_o jew_n but_o as_o be_v the_o instrument_n by_o which_o our_o bless_a saviour_n himself_o be_v put_v to_o death_n omit_v the_o various_a and_o different_a form_n and_o kind_n of_o it_o which_o be_v all_o use_v towards_o the_o primitive_a christian_n i_o intend_v here_o only_o that_o that_o be_v most_o common_a a_o straight_a piece_n of_o wood_n fix_v in_o the_o ground_n have_v a_o transverse_a beam_n fasten_v near_o the_o top_n of_o it_o not_o unlike_o the_o letter_n t_o though_o probable_o it_o have_v also_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n arise_v above_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n in_o this_o way_n of_o punishment_n which_o render_v it_o very_o severe_a the_o pain_n and_o ignominy_n of_o it_o painful_a it_o must_v needs_o be_v because_o the_o party_n suffer_v be_v fasten_v to_o it_o with_o nail_n drive_v through_o his_o hand_n and_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o part_n where_o the_o nerve_n and_o sinew_n terminate_v and_o meet_v together_o must_v needs_o be_v most_o acute_o sensible_a of_o wound_n and_o violence_n and_o because_o they_o be_v pierce_v only_o in_o these_o part_n so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o vital_n this_o make_v their_o death_n very_o linger_a and_o tedious_a double_v and_o treble_v every_o pain_n upon_o they_o insomuch_o that_o some_o out_o of_o a_o generous_a compassion_n have_v cause_v malefactor_n first_o to_o be_v strangle_v before_o they_o be_v crucify_v 76._o as_o julius_n caesar_n do_v towards_o the_o pirate_n who_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o execute_v upon_o the_o cross_n but_o no_o such_o favour_n be_v show_v to_o christian_n they_o be_v suffer_v to_o remain_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o all_o those_o exquisite_a pang_n 300._o till_o mere_a hunger_n starve_v they_o or_o the_o mercy_n of_o wild_a beast_n or_o bird_n of_o prey_n dispatch_v they_o thus_o s._n andrew_n the_o apostle_n continue_v two_o whole_a day_n upon_o the_o cross_n 30._o teach_v the_o people_n all_o the_o while_n 736._o timotheus_n and_o his_o wife_n maura_n after_o many_o other_o torment_v hang_v upon_o the_o cross_n nine_o day_n together_o before_o
imprimatur_fw-la sam._n parker_n reverendissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la ac_fw-la domino_fw-la domino_fw-la gilberto_n archiep._n cantuar._n à _fw-la sac_fw-la dom_n exit_fw-la aedibus_fw-la lambeth_n septemb_n 12._o 1672._o primitive_a christianity_n in_o 3_o part_n learn_v of_o i_o math._n 11._o 29._o london_n print_v for_o r._n chiswell_n at_o the_o rose_n &_o crown_n in_o st_n paul_n churchyard_n primitive_a christianity_n or_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o ancient_a christian_n in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o three_o part_n by_o william_n cave_n d_o d._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d just_a mart._n paraene_n ad_fw-la graec._n p._n 33._o nos_fw-la non_fw-la habitu_fw-la sapientiam_fw-la sed_fw-la ment_fw-la praeferimus_fw-la non_fw-la eloquimur_fw-la magna_fw-la sed_fw-la vivimus_fw-la minuc_fw-la foel_n dial_n pag._n 31._o the_o second_o edition_n london_n print_v by_o j._n m._n for_o richard_n chiswell_n at_o the_o rose_n and_o crown_n in_o s._n paul_n churchyard_n 1675._o to_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n nathanael_n lord_n bishop_n of_o oxford_n and_o clerk_n of_o the_o closet_n to_o his_o majesty_n my_o lord_n when_o i_o first_o design_v that_o these_o paper_n shall_v take_v sanctuary_n at_o your_o lordship_n patronage_n the_o hebrew_n proverb_n present_o come_v into_o my_o mind_n keep_v close_o to_o a_o great_a man_n 〈◊〉_d and_o man_n will_v reverence_v thou_o i_o know_v no_o better_a way_n next_o to_o the_o innocency_n 8._o and_o if_o it_o may_v be_v usefulness_n of_o the_o subject_n i_o have_v undertake_v to_o secure_v myself_o from_o the_o censure_n of_o envy_n and_o ill_a nature_n than_o by_o put_v myself_o under_o your_o protection_n who_o know_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o sweetness_n and_o obligingness_n of_o who_o temper_n be_v able_a to_o render_v malice_n itself_o candid_a and_o favourable_a encourage_v also_o by_o this_o consideration_n i_o harden_v myself_o into_o the_o confidence_n of_o this_o address_n which_o i_o have_v not_o otherwise_o attempt_v but_o that_o your_o lordship_n kindness_n and_o generous_a compassion_n and_o the_o mighty_a condescension_n wherewith_o you_o be_v always_o please_v to_o treat_v i_o while_o i_o have_v the_o happiness_n of_o your_o lordship_n neighbourhood_n do_v at_o once_o invite_v and_o oblige_v i_o to_o it_o i_o say_v no_o more_o lest_o i_o shall_v affront_v that_o modesty_n that_o be_v so_o innate_a to_o your_o temper_n or_o come_v within_o the_o least_o suspicion_n of_o flattery_n so_o repugnant_a to_o my_o own_o one_o thing_n only_o there_o be_v which_o i_o can_v but_o remark_n the_o great_a honour_n which_o your_o lordship_n have_v do_v not_o to_o the_o episcopal_a only_o but_o to_o the_o whole_a ministerial_a order_n that_o a_o person_n of_o your_o rank_n and_o education_n will_v stoop_v to_o a_o employment_n so_o little_o value_v and_o regard_v in_o this_o unthankful_a and_o degenerate_a age._n and_o herein_o your_o lordship_n have_v be_v a_o happy_a precedent_n your_o example_n be_v already_o follow_v by_o some_o and_o will_v short_o by_o more_o person_n of_o noble_a descent_n and_o pedigree_n a_o thing_n for_o which_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v never_o more_o renown_v since_o the_o reformation_n than_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n my_o lord_n there_o be_v a_o time_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o memmory_n when_o the_o bishop_n among_o other_o thing_n be_v accuse_v by_o one_o of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n 183._o though_o one_o that_o have_v not_o the_o most_o reason_n to_o bring_v in_o a_o charge_n of_o that_o nature_n to_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o parentage_n de_fw-fr faece_fw-la populi_fw-la of_o the_o very_a dregs_o and_o refuse_v of_o the_o people_n malice_n will_v play_v at_o small_a game_n rather_o than_o not_o at_o all_o a_o charge_n as_o false_a as_o it_o be_v spiteful_a though_o have_v it_o be_v true_a it_o have_v be_v impertinent_a see_v the_o very_a order_n be_v enough_o to_o derive_v honour_n upon_o the_o person_n even_o when_o he_o can_v as_o your_o lordship_n bring_v it_o along_o with_o he_o and_o indeed_o so_o honourable_a a_o order_n have_v episcopacy_n ever_o be_v account_v even_o when_o there_o have_v be_v no_o visible_a advantage_n either_o of_o riches_n or_o grandeur_n to_o attend_v it_o as_o there_o be_v not_o in_o the_o more_o early_a age_n of_o christianity_n that_o person_n of_o the_o great_a birth_n and_o fortune_n have_v not_o think_v it_o below_o they_o to_o exchange_v the_o civil_a tribunal_n for_o the_o bishop_n throne_n and_o to_o lay_v down_o the_o public_a rod_n and_o axe_n to_o take_v up_o the_o crosier_n and_o the_o pedum_n pastorale_n if_o we_o may_v credit_v that_o catalogue_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o constantinople_n record_v by_o nicephorus_n 541._o we_o find_v dometius_n brother_n to_o the_o emperor_n probus_n and_o after_o he_o his_o two_o son_n probus_n and_o metrophanes_n successive_o sit_v in_o that_o chair_n as_o afterward_o nectarius_n s._n chrysostoms_n predecessor_n be_v of_o a_o senator_n make_v bishop_n of_o that_o see_n thalassius_n become_v bishop_n of_o caesarea_n when_o he_o be_v a_o senator_n the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la or_o the_o emperor_n lieutenant_n one_o of_o the_o high_a place_n both_o of_o trust_n and_o honour_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n of_o illyricum_n and_o rise_v to_o great_a dignity_n be_v design_v by_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o east_n s._n ambrose_n who_o father_n be_v a_o illustrious_a person_n the_o praefect_n of_o france_n be_v make_v governor_n of_o liguria_n and_o aemilia_n and_o send_v thither_o with_o consular_a power_n and_o dignity_n during_o which_o employment_n he_o be_v make_v bishop_n of_o milan_n petronius_n bishop_n of_o bononia_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v first_o a_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la and_o to_o descend_v of_o the_o family_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a sidonius_n apollinaris_n descend_v for_o many_o generation_n of_o noble_a and_o illustrious_a parent_n his_o father_n the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la of_o gaul_n himself_o son-in-law_n to_o avitus_n a_o person_n of_o extraordinary_a honour_n and_o employment_n and_o afterward_o consul_n and_o emperor_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o disdain_v not_o to_o become_v bishop_n of_o clermont_n in_o france_n more_o such_o instance_n i_o can_v give_v not_o to_o speak_v of_o multitude_n that_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o late_a age_n of_o the_o church_n especial_o in_o our_o own_o nation_n but_o i_o return_v my_o lord_n i_o behold_v religion_n general_o lay_v waste_n and_o christianity_n ready_a to_o draw_v its_o last_o breath_n stifle_v and_o oppress_v with_o the_o vice_n and_o impiety_n of_o a_o debauch_a and_o profligate_v age._n to_o contribute_v towards_o the_o recovery_n whereof_o and_o the_o reduce_v thing_n if_o possible_a to_o the_o ancient_a standard_n be_v the_o design_n of_o the_o book_n that_o be_v here_o offer_v to_o you_o the_o subject_n i_o assure_v myself_o be_v not_o unsuitable_a either_o to_o your_o lordship_n order_n temper_n or_o course_n of_o life_n if_o my_o ill_a managery_n of_o it_o have_v not_o render_v it_o unworthy_a of_o your_o patronage_n however_o such_o as_o it_o be_v it_o be_v humble_o present_v by_o he_o who_o be_v your_o lordship_n faithful_o devote_a servant_n william_n cave_n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v any_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o reader_n to_o understand_v the_o birth_n and_o original_n of_o these_o paper_n if_o it_o be_v let_v he_o take_v this_o account_n no_o soon_o do_v i_o arrive_v at_o year_n capable_a of_o discern_v but_o i_o begin_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o ground_n of_o that_o religion_n into_o which_o i_o have_v be_v baptize_v which_o i_o soon_o find_v to_o be_v so_o noble_a and_o excellent_a in_o all_o its_o law_n so_o just_a and_o rational_a in_o all_o its_o design_n so_o divine_a and_o heavenly_a so_o perfective_a of_o the_o principle_n so_o conducive_a to_o the_o happiness_n of_o humane_a nature_n a_o religion_n so_o worthy_a of_o god_n so_o advantageous_a to_o man_n build_v upon_o such_o firm_a and_o uncontrollable_a evidence_n back_v with_o such_o proper_a and_o powerful_a argument_n that_o i_o be_v present_o convince_v of_o the_o divinity_n that_o reside_v in_o it_o and_o conclude_v with_o myself_o and_o i_o think_v i_o have_v reason_n so_o to_o do_v that_o sure_o the_o disciple_n of_o this_o religion_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o most_o excellent_a person_n in_o the_o world_n but_o alas_o a_o few_o year_n experience_n of_o the_o world_n let_v i_o see_v that_o this_o be_v the_o conclusion_n of_o one_o that_o have_v converse_v only_o with_o book_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o own_o mind_n i_o have_v not_o be_v long_o a_o observer_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n but_o i_o find_v they_o general_o so_o debauch_v and_o vicious_a so_o corrupt_a and_o contrary_a
oppose_v the_o plain_a and_o simple_a way_n of_o the_o orthodox_n assembly_n to_o the_o skulk_a and_o clancular_a conventicle_n of_o the_o heretic_n who_o serpent-like_a creep_v about_o in_o hole_n and_o corner_n say_v he_o the_o house_n of_o our_o dovelike_a religion_n be_v simple_a build_v on_o high_a and_o in_o open_a view_n and_o respect_v the_o light_n as_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n and_o the_o east_n as_o the_o representation_n of_o christ_n it_o can_v be_v think_v that_o in_o the_o first_o age_n while_o the_o flame_n of_o persecution_n rage_v about_o their_o ear_n the_o christian_a church_n shall_v be_v very_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a but_o such_o as_o the_o condition_n of_o those_o time_n will_v bear_v their_o splendour_n increase_a according_o to_o the_o entertainment_n that_o christianity_n meet_v withal_o in_o the_o world_n till_o the_o empire_n become_v christian_a their_o temple_n rise_v up_o into_o grandeur_n and_o gallantry_n as_o among_o other_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o particular_a description_n which_o eusebius_n make_v of_o the_o church_n at_o tyre_n mention_v before_o and_o that_o which_o constantine_n build_v at_o constantinople_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o apostle_n 555._o both_o which_o be_v incomparable_o sumptuous_a and_o magnificent_a i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o describe_v at_o large_a the_o exact_a form_n and_o the_o several_a part_n and_o dimension_n of_o their_o church_n which_o vary_a somewhat_o according_a to_o different_a time_n and_o age_n but_o brief_o reflect_v upon_o such_o as_o be_v most_o common_a and_o remarkable_a at_o the_o entrance_n of_o their_o church_n especial_o after_o they_o begin_v to_o arrive_v at_o more_o perfection_n be_v the_o vestibulum_fw-la call_v also_o atrium_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o porch_n in_o great_a church_n of_o somewhat_o large_a capacity_n adorn_v many_o time_n with_o goodly_a cloister_n marble_n column_n fountain_n and_o cistern_n of_o water_n and_o cover_v over_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o those_o that_o stand_v or_o walk_v there_o here_o stand_v the_o low_a order_n of_o penitent_n bege_v the_o prayer_n of_o the_o faithful_a as_o they_o go_v in_o for_o the_o church_n itself_o it_o usual_o consist_v of_o three_o part_n the_o first_o be_v the_o narthex_n which_o we_o have_v no_o proper_a word_n to_o render_v by_o it_o be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o church_n that_o lie_v next_o to_o the_o great_a door_n by_o which_o they_o enter_v in_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o it_o stand_v the_o catechuman_n or_o first_o learner_n of_o christianity_n in_o the_o middle_a the_o euergumeni_fw-la or_o those_o who_o be_v possess_v by_o satan_n and_o in_o this_o part_n also_o stand_v the_o font_n or_o place_n of_o baptismal_a initiation_n and_o towards_o the_o upper_a end_n be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o hearer_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o rank_n of_o penitent_n the_o second_o part_n contain_v the_o middle_n or_o main_a body_n of_o the_o church_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o latin_n navis_fw-la from_o whence_o our_o term_n the_o nave_n of_o the_o church_n come_v where_o the_o faithful_a assemble_v for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n where_o the_o man_n and_o the_o woman_n have_v their_o distinct_a apartment_n 875._o lest_o at_o such_o time_n unchaste_a and_o irregular_a appetite_n shall_v be_v kindle_v by_o a_o promiscuous_a interfering_n with_o one_o another_o 204._o of_o which_o pious_a and_o excellent_a contrivance_n mention_n be_v make_v in_o a_o ancient_a funeral_n inscription_n find_v in_o the_o vatican_n coemetery_n at_o rome_n such_o a_o one_o bury_v sinistra_fw-la parte_fw-la virorum_fw-la on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o church_n where_o the_o man_n sit_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o church_n next_o to_o the_o enter_v into_o it_o stand_v the_o class_n of_o the_o penitent_n who_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o at_o their_o go_v out_o they_o fall_v down_o upon_o their_o knee_n before_o the_o bishop_n who_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o they_o next_o to_o they_o be_v the_o ambo._n the_o pulpit_n or_o rather_o reading-desk_n whence_o the_o scripture_n be_v read_v and_o preach_v to_o the_o people_n above_o that_o be_v the_o faithful_a the_o high_a rank_n and_o order_n of_o the_o people_n and_o who_o alone_o communicate_v at_o the_o lord_n table_n the_o three_o part_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d separate_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o church_n by_o neat_a rail_n call_v cancelli_fw-la whence_o our_o english_a word_n chancel_n to_o denote_v the_o part_n of_o the_o church_n to_o this_o day_n into_o this_o part_n none_o may_v come_v but_o such_o as_o be_v in_o holy_a order_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o greek_a emperor_n who_o be_v allow_v to_o come_v up_o to_o the_o table_n to_o make_v their_o offering_n and_o so_o back_o again_o within_o this_o division_n the_o most_o considerable_a thing_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o altar_n as_o they_o metaphorical_o call_v it_o because_o there_o they_o offer_v the_o commemorative_n sacrifice_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n oâ—_n the_o communion-table_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v frequent_o style_v by_o the_o greek_a father_n behind_o which_o at_o the_o very_a upper_a end_n of_o the_o chancel_n be_v the_o chair_n or_o throne_n of_o the_o bishop_n for_o so_o be_v it_o almost_o constant_o call_v on_o both_o side_n whereof_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o seat_n of_o the_o presbyter_n for_o the_o deacon_n may_v not_o here_o sit_v down_o the_o bishop_n throne_n be_v raise_v up_o somewhat_o high_a from_o the_o ground_n and_o from_o hence_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v that_o he_o usual_o deliver_v his_o sermon_n to_o the_o people_n 304._o therefore_o socrates_n seem_v to_o note_v it_o as_o a_o new_a thing_n in_o chrysostoms_n that_o when_o he_o preach_v he_o go_v to_o sit_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o the_o pulpit_n he_o mean_v that_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n for_o so_o sozomon_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o sit_v in_o the_o read_n desk_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o church_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o low_a voice_n he_o may_v be_v better_o hear_v of_o the_o people_n 764._o adjoin_v to_o the_o chancel_n on_o the_o north-side_n probable_o be_v the_o diaconicon_fw-la 25._o mention_v both_o in_o the_o laodicean_n council_n though_o i_o know_v both_o zonaras_n and_o balsamon_n and_o after_o they_o the_o learned_a leo_n allatius_n will_v have_v another_o thing_n to_o be_v mean_v in_o that_o place_n as_o also_o in_o a_o law_n of_o arcadius_n and_o honorius_n against_o heretic_n com._n and_o probable_o so_o call_v either_o because_o peculiar_o commit_v to_o the_o deacon_n of_o the_o place_n or_o as_o the_o great_a commentator_n upon_o that_o law_n will_v have_v it_o because_o set_v apart_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o some_o sacred_a service_n it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o modern_a vestry_n the_o sacristy_a wherein_o the_o plate_n vessel_n and_o vestment_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o other_o thing_n dedicate_v to_o holy_a use_n be_v lay_v up_o and_o where_o in_o after_o time_n relic_n and_o such_o like_a foppery_n be_v treasure_v up_o with_o great_a care_n and_o diligence_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o chancel_n be_v the_o prothesis_n or_o place_n where_o thing_n be_v prepare_v in_o order_n to_o the_o sacrament_n where_o the_o offering_n be_v lay_v and_o what_o remain_v of_o the_o sacramental_a element_n till_o they_o be_v decent_o dispose_v of_o and_o this_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o church_n of_o those_o first_o time_n after_o they_o begin_v to_o grow_v up_o into_o some_o beauty_n and_o perfection_n but_o though_o the_o christian_n of_o those_o time_n spare_v no_o convenient_a cost_n in_o sound_v and_o adorn_v public_a place_n for_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n yet_o be_v they_o careful_a to_o keep_v a_o decent_a mean_n between_o a_o sordid_a slovenliness_n and_o a_o too_o curious_a and_o over_o nice_a superstition_n in_o the_o more_o early_a time_n even_o while_o the_o fury_n and_o fierceness_n of_o their_o enemy_n keep_v they_o low_a and_o mean_a yet_o they_o beautify_v their_o oratory_n and_o place_n of_o worship_n especial_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o author_n of_o the_o dialogue_n in_o lucian_n who_o we_o mention_v before_o and_o who_o live_v within_o the_o first_o age_n who_o bring_v in_o one_o critias_n that_o be_v persuade_v by_o the_o christian_n to_o go_v to_o the_o place_n of_o their_o assembly_n which_o by_o his_o description_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o vpper-room_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o they_o have_v go_v up_o several_a stair_n they_o come_v at_o last_o into_o a_o house_n or_o room_n
the_o emperor_n themselves_o to_o show_v what_o veneration_n they_o have_v for_o this_o time_n command_v all_o suit_n and_o process_n at_o law_n to_o cease_v tribunal-door_n to_o be_v shut_v up_o and_o prisoner_n to_o be_v set_v free_a imitate_v herein_o their_o great_a lord_n and_o master_n who_o by_o his_o death_n at_o this_o time_n deliver_v we_o from_o the_o prison_n and_o the_o chain_n of_o sin_n meaning_n herein_o those_o law_n of_o theodosius_n gratian_n and_o valentinian_n which_o we_o late_o mention_v we_o proceed_v now_o to_o inquire_v what_o other_o festival_n there_o be_v in_o those_o first_o age_n of_o the_o church_n which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v chief_o these_o easter_n whitsuntide_n and_o epiphany_n which_o comprehend_v two_o christmas_n and_o epiphany_n proper_o so_o call_v i_o reckon_v they_o not_o in_o their_o proper_a order_n but_o as_o i_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v take_v place_n in_o the_o church_n of_o these_o easter_n challenge_v the_o precedence_n both_o for_o its_o antiquity_n and_o the_o great_a stir_n about_o it_o that_o in_o and_o from_o the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o apostle_n beside_o the_o weekly_a return_n of_o the_o lord_n day_n there_o have_v be_v always_o observe_v a_o anniversary_n festival_n in_o memory_n of_o christ_n resurrection_n no_o man_n can_v doubt_v that_o have_v any_o insight_n into_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n all_o the_o dispute_n be_v about_o the_o particular_a time_n when_o it_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v which_o become_v a_o matter_n of_o as_o famous_a a_o controversy_n as_o any_o that_o in_o those_o age_n exercise_v the_o christian_a world_n the_o state_n of_o the_o case_n be_v brief_o this_o the_o church_n of_o asia_n the_o less_o keep_v their_o easter_n upon_o the_o same_o day_n whereon_o the_o jew_n celebrate_v their_o passover_n viz._n upon_o the_o 14._o day_n of_o the_o first_o month_n which_o always_o begin_v with_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o moon_n most_o answer_a to_o our_o march_n and_o this_o they_o do_v upon_o what_o day_n of_o the_o week_n soever_o it_o fall_v and_o hence_o be_v style_v quartodeciman_n because_o keep_v easter_n quarta_fw-la decima_fw-la luna_fw-la upon_o the_o 14._o day_n after_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o appearance_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o other_o church_n and_o especial_o those_o of_o the_o west_n do_v not_o follow_v this_o custom_n but_o keep_v easter_n upon_o the_o lord_n day_n follow_v the_o day_n of_o the_o jewish_a passover_n partly_o the_o more_o to_o honour_v the_o day_n and_o partly_o to_o distinguish_v between_o jew_n and_o christian_n the_o asiatic_n plead_v for_o themselves_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o apostle_n polycarpus_n bishop_n of_o smyrna_n who_o have_v live_v and_o converse_v with_o they_o have_v keep_v it_o upon_o that_o day_n together_o with_o s._n john_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o apostle_n 193._o as_o irenaeus_n who_o himself_o know_v polycarpus_n and_o doubtless_o have_v it_o from_o his_o own_o mouth_n speak_v in_o a_o letter_n about_o this_o very_a thing_n though_o himself_o be_v of_o the_o other_o side_n 191._o and_o polycrates_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n instance_n not_o only_o in_o s._n john_n but_o s._n philip_n the_o apostle_n who_o himself_n and_o his_o whole_a family_n use_v so_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o who_o it_o have_v be_v convey_v down_o in_o a_o constant_a and_o uninterrupted_a observance_n through_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o those_o place_n some_o whereof_o he_o there_o enumerate_v and_o tell_v we_o that_o seven_o bishop_n of_o that_o place_n in_o a_o constant_a succession_n have_v be_v his_o kinsman_n and_o himself_o the_o eight_o and_o that_o it_o have_v never_o be_v keep_v by_o they_o upon_o any_o other_o day_n this_o we_o be_v not_o so_o to_o understand_v as_o if_o s._n john_n and_o the_o apostle_n have_v institute_v this_o festival_n and_o command_v it_o to_o be_v observe_v upon_o that_o day_n but_o rather_o that_o they_o do_v it_o by_o way_n of_o condescension_n accommodate_v their_o practice_n in_o a_o matter_n indifferent_a to_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o jewish_a convert_v who_o number_n in_o those_o part_n be_v very_o great_a as_o they_o have_v do_v before_o in_o several_a other_o case_n and_o particular_o in_o observe_v the_o sabbath_n or_o saturday_n the_o other_o church_n also_o say_v eusebius_n have_v for_o their_o patronage_n a_o apostolical_a tradition_n 190._o or_o at_o least_o pretend_a it_o and_o be_v the_o much_o more_o numerous_a party_n this_o difference_n be_v the_o spring_n of_o great_a bustle_v in_o the_o church_n for_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n stickle_v hard_a to_o impose_v their_o custom_n upon_o the_o eastern_a church_n whereupon_o polycarpus_n come_v over_o to_o rome_n to_o confer_v with_o anicetus_n who_o be_v then_o bishop_n about_o it_o 127._o and_o though_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v the_o matter_n yet_o they_o part_v fair_o after_o this_o pope_n victor_n renew_v the_o quarrel_n and_o be_v so_o fierce_a and_o peremptory_a in_o the_o case_n that_o he_o either_o actual_o do_v 1._o or_o as_o a_o learned_a man_n incline_v rather_o to_o think_v probable_o to_o mollify_v the_o odium_fw-la of_o the_o fact_n severe_o threaten_v to_o excommunicate_v those_o eastern_a church_n for_o stand_v out_o against_o it_o this_o rash_a and_o bold_a attempt_n be_v ill_o resent_v by_o the_o sober_a and_o moderate_a man_n of_o his_o own_o party_n who_o write_v to_o he_o about_o it_o and_o particular_o irenaeus_n a_o man_n as_o eusebius_n note_n true_o answer_v his_o name_n both_o in_o his_o temper_n and_o his_o life_n quiet_a and_o peaceable_a who_o grave_o reprove_v he_o for_o rent_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n and_o trouble_v so_o many_o famous_a church_n for_o observe_v the_o custom_n derive_v to_o they_o from_o their_o ancestor_n with_o much_o more_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o the_o asian_a bishop_n little_o regard_v what_o be_v either_o say_v or_o do_v at_o rome_n and_o still_o go_v on_o in_o their_o old_a course_n though_o by_o the_o diligent_a practice_n of_o the_o other_o party_n they_o lose_v ground_n but_o yet_o still_o make_v shift_n to_o keep_v the_o cause_n on_o foot_n till_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n 17._o who_o find_v this_o controversy_n among_o other_o much_o to_o disquiet_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n do_v for_o this_o and_o some_o other_o reason_n summon_v the_o great_a council_n of_o nice_a by_o who_o this_o question_n be_v solemn_o determine_v easter_n ordain_v to_o be_v keep_v upon_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n throughout_o the_o world_n not_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o jew_n but_o upon_o the_o lord_n day_n and_o this_o decree_n ratify_v and_o publish_v by_o the_o imperial_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o church_n the_o eve_n of_o vigil_n or_o this_o festival_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v celebrate_v with_o more_o than_o ordinary_a pomp_n with_o solemn_a watch_n pasch_fw-mi with_o multitude_n of_o light_a torch_n both_o in_o the_o church_n and_o their_o own_o private_a house_n 676._o so_o as_o to_o turn_v the_o night_n itself_o into_o day_n and_o with_o the_o general_a resort_n and_o confluence_n of_o all_o rank_n of_o man_n both_o magistrate_n and_o people_n this_o custom_n of_o light_n at_o that_o time_n be_v 536._o if_o not_o begin_v at_o least_o much_o augment_v by_o constantine_n who_o set_v up_o lamp_n and_o torch_n in_o all_o place_n as_o well_o within_o the_o church_n as_o without_o that_o through_o the_o whole_a city_n the_o night_n seem_v to_o outvie_v the_o sun_n at_o noonday_n and_o this_o they_o do_v as_o nazianzen_n intimate_v as_o a_o prodromus_n or_o forerunner_n of_o that_o great_a light_n 677._o even_o the_o sun_n of_o righteousness_n which_o the_o next_o day_n arise_v upon_o the_o world_n 304._o for_o the_o feast_n itself_o the_o same_o father_n call_v it_o the_o holy_a and_o famous_a passover_n a_o day_n which_o be_v the_o queen_n of_o day_n the_o festival_n of_o festival_n and_o which_o as_o far_o excel_v all_o other_o even_o of_o those_o which_o be_v institute_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o christ_n as_o the_o sun_n go_v beyond_o the_o other_o star_n a_o time_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o work_n of_o mercy_n and_o charity_n every_o one_o both_o of_o clergy_n and_o laity_n strive_v to_o contribute_v liberal_o to_o the_o poor_a a_o duty_n as_o one_o of_o the_o ancient_n observe_v very_o congruous_a and_o suitable_a to_o that_o happy_a season_n 57_o for_o what_o more_o fit_a than_o that_o such_o as_o beg_v relief_n shall_v be_v enable_v to_o rejoice_v at_o that_o time_n when_o we_o remember_v the_o common_a fountain_n of_o our_o mercy_n therefore_o no_o soon_o do_v the_o morning_n of_o this_o day_n appear_v supra_fw-la but_o constantine_n use_v to_o arise_v and_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o love_n and_o kindness_n of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n to_o bestow_v
the_o rich_a and_o most_o noble_a gift_n and_o to_o diffuse_v the_o influence_n of_o his_o bounty_n over_o all_o part_n of_o his_o empire_n and_o his_o example_n herein_o it_o seem_v be_v follow_v by_o most_o of_o his_o successor_n who_o use_v upon_o this_o solemnity_n by_o their_o imperial_a order_n to_o release_v all_o prisoner_n unless_o such_o as_o be_v in_o for_o more_o heavy_a and_o notorious_a crime_n high_a treason_n murder_n rape_n incest_n and_o the_o like_a and_o chrysostom_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o letter_n of_o theodosius_n the_o great_a send_v at_o this_o time_n throughout_o the_o empire_n 1._o wherein_o he_o do_v not_o only_o command_v that_o all_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v release_v and_o pardon_v but_o wish_v he_o be_v able_a to_o recall_v those_o that_o be_v already_o execute_v and_o to_o restore_v they_o to_o life_n again_o and_o because_o by_o the_o negligence_n and_o remissness_n of_o messenger_n or_o any_o accident_n those_o imperial_a letter_n may_v sometime_o happen_v to_o come_v too_o late_o therefore_o valentinian_n the_o young_a provide_v by_o a_o stand_a law_n 8._o that_o whether_o order_n come_v or_o not_o the_o judge_n shall_v dispense_v the_o accustom_a indulgence_n and_o upon_o easter_n day_n in_o the_o morning_n cause_n all_o prison_n to_o be_v open_a the_o chain_n to_o be_v knock_v off_o and_o the_o person_n set_v at_o liberty_n the_o next_o feast_n considerable_a in_o those_o primitive_a time_n be_v that_o of_o whitsunday_n or_o pentecost_n a_o feast_n of_o great_a eminency_n among_o the_o jew_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o law_n deliver_v at_o mount_n sinai_n at_o that_o time_n and_o for_o the_o gather_n and_o bring_v in_o of_o their_o harvest_n and_o of_o no_o less_o note_n among_o christian_n for_o the_o holy_a ghost_n descend_v upon_o the_o apostle_n and_o other_o christian_n in_o the_o visible_a appearance_n of_o fiery_a cleave_a tongue_n which_o happen_v upon_o that_o day_n and_o those_o miraculous_a power_n then_o confer_v upon_o they_o it_o be_v observe_v with_o the_o same_o respect_n to_o easter_n that_o the_o jew_n do_v with_o respect_n to_o their_o passover_n viz._n as_o the_o word_n import_v just_a fifty_o day_n after_o it_o reckon_v from_o the_o second_o day_n of_o that_o festival_n it_o seem_v to_o some_o to_o have_v commence_v from_o the_o first_o rise_v of_o christianity_n not_o only_o because_o the_o apostle_n and_o the_o church_n be_v assemble_v upon_o that_o day_n but_o because_o s._n paul_n make_v so_o much_o haste_n to_o be_v at_o jerusalem_n the_o day_n of_o pentecost_n which_o they_o understand_v of_o his_o great_a desire_n to_o keep_v it_o there_o as_o a_o christian_a feast_n 16._o but_o the_o argument_n seem_v to_o i_o no_o way_n conclusive_a for_o the_o apostle_n may_v desire_v to_o be_v there_o at_o that_o time_n both_o because_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o brethren_n and_o because_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o jew_n who_o from_o all_o part_n flock_v thither_o to_o the_o feast_n as_o our_o saviour_n himself_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n use_v to_o go_v up_o to_o jerusalem_n at_o all_o their_o great_a and_o solemn_a feast_n but_o however_o this_o be_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o observation_n of_o it_o be_v ancient_a it_o be_v mention_v by_o irenaeus_n in_o a_o book_n which_o he_o write_v concern_v easter_n as_o the_o author_n of_o the_o question_n and_o response_n in_o j._n martyr_n tell_v we_o 115._o by_o tertullian_n and_o after_o he_o by_o origen_n more_o than_o once_o 94._o this_o feast_n be_v by_o we_o style_v whitsunday_n 392._o partly_o because_o of_o those_o vast_a diffusion_n of_o light_n and_o knowledge_n which_o upon_o this_o day_n be_v shed_v upon_o the_o apostle_n in_o order_n to_o the_o enlighten_v of_o the_o world_n but_o principal_o because_o this_o as_o also_o easter_n be_v the_o state_v time_n for_o baptism_n in_o the_o ancient_a church_n those_o who_o be_v baptize_v put_v on_o white_a garment_n in_o token_n of_o that_o pure_a and_o innocent_a course_n of_o life_n they_o have_v now_o engage_v in_o of_o which_o more_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n this_o white_a garment_n they_o wear_v till_o the_o next_o sunday_n after_o and_o then_o lay_v it_o aside_o whence_o the_o octave_n or_o sunday_n after_o easter_n come_v to_o be_v style_v dominica_n in_o albis_n the_o sunday_n in_o white_a it_o be_v then_o that_o the_o new-baptized_n put_v off_o their_o white_a garment_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n the_o whole_a space_n of_o fifty_o day_n between_o easter_n and_o whitsunday_n go_v often_o under_o the_o name_n of_o pentecost_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n account_v festival_n max._n as_o tertullian_n inform_v we_o and_o the_o forty_o three_o canon_n of_o the_o illiberitan_n council_n seem_v to_o intimate_v during_o this_o whole_a time_n baptism_n be_v confer_v 223._o all_o fast_n be_v suspend_v and_o count_v unlawful_a they_o pray_v stand_v as_o they_o do_v every_o lord_n day_n and_o at_o this_o time_n read_v over_o the_o act_n of_o the_o apostle_n wherein_o their_o suffering_n and_o miracle_n be_v record_v as_o we_o learn_v from_o a_o law_n of_o the_o young_a theodosius_n 5_o wherein_o this_o custom_n be_v mention_v and_o more_o plain_o from_o s._n chrysostom_n 73._o who_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o a_o homily_n on_o purpose_n act._n where_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n why_o that_o book_n which_o contain_v those_o action_n of_o the_o apostle_n which_o be_v do_v after_o pentecost_n 5._o shall_v yet_o be_v read_v before_o it_o when_o as_o at_o all_o other_o time_n those_o part_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v which_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o season_n because_o the_o apostle_n miracle_n be_v the_o grand_a confirmation_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o christ_n resurrection_n and_o those_o miracle_n record_v in_o that_o book_n it_o be_v therefore_o most_o proper_a to_o be_v read_v next_o to_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o resurrection_n epiphany_n succeed_v this_o word_n be_v of_o old_a promiscuous_o use_v either_o for_o the_o feast_n of_o christ_n nativity_n or_o for_o that_o which_o we_o now_o proper_o call_v by_o that_o name_n afterward_o the_o title_n become_v distinct_a that_o of_o christ_n birth_n or_o as_o we_o now_o term_v it_o christmas-day_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o nativity_n 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o appearance_n of_o god_n in_o the_o flesh_n 613._o two_o name_n import_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o nazianzen_n note_v for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o the_o first_o footstep_n i_o find_v of_o it_o be_v in_o the_o second_o century_n though_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o may_v be_v celebrate_v before_o mention_v by_o theophilus_n bishop_n of_o caesaria_n about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n commodus_n but_o if_o any_o credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o decretal_a epistle_n vero_fw-la it_o be_v somewhat_o elder_a than_o that_o pope_n telesphorus_n who_o live_v under_o antoninus_n pius_fw-la ordain_v divine_a service_n to_o be_v celebrate_v and_o a_o angelical_a hymn_n to_o be_v sing_v the_o night_n before_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o saviour_n however_o that_o it_o be_v keep_v before_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n we_o have_v this_o sad_a instance_n 6._o that_o when_o the_o persecution_n rage_v under_o dioclesian_n who_o then_o keep_v his_o court_n at_o nicomedia_n among_o other_o act_n of_o barbarous_a cruelty_n do_v there_o find_v multitude_n of_o christian_n young_a and_o old_a meet_v together_o in_o the_o temple_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o christ_n nativity_n to_o celebrate_v that_o festival_n he_o command_v the_o church_n door_n to_o be_v shut_v up_o and_o fire_n to_o be_v put_v to_o it_o which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n reduce_v they_o and_o the_o church_n to_o ash_n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v whether_o it_o be_v always_o observe_v upon_o the_o same_o day_n that_o we_o keep_v it_o now_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o december_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o east_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o january_n under_o the_o name_n and_o at_o the_o general_a time_n of_o the_o epiphania_fw-la till_o receive_v more_o light_a in_o the_o case_n from_o the_o church_n of_o the_o west_n they_o change_v it_o to_o this_o day_n sure_o i_o be_o s._n chrysostom_n in_o a_o homily_n on_o purpose_n about_o this_o very_a thing_n affirm_v 31._o that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o ten_o year_n since_o in_o that_o church_n i._n e._n antioch_n it_o begin_v first_o to_o be_v observe_v upon_o that_o day_n 417._o and_o there_o offer_v several_a reason_n to_o prove_v that_o to_o be_v the_o true_a day_n of_o christ_n nativity_n the_o feast_n of_o epiphany_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v keep_v on_o the_o six_o of_o january_n and_o have_v that_o name_n from_o a_o
the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o visiter_n in_o every_o diocese_n of_o metropolitan_o what_o their_o power_n and_o authority_n above_o ordinary_a bishop_n their_o antiquity_n of_o patriarch_n and_o in_o what_o respect_v superior_a to_o metropolitan_o and_o archbishop_n a_o account_n of_o conform_v the_o external_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o church_n to_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n presbyter_n their_o place_n and_o duty_n whether_o they_o preach_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n deacon_n their_o institution_n office_n number_n the_o archdeacon_n of_o inferior_a order_n the_o subdeacon_n the_o acolythus_n the_o exorcist_n the_o reader_n the_o doorkeeper_n what_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o several_a place_n ordination_n to_o these_o office_n how_o manage_v the_o people_n present_a at_o and_o consent_n to_o the_o ordination_n sacerdotes_fw-la praedicarii_fw-la what_o the_o christian_a discipline_n in_o this_o case_n imitate_v by_o the_o emperor_n severus_n in_o appoint_v civil_a officer_n great_a trial_n and_o testimonial_n to_o be_v have_v of_o person_n to_o be_v ordain_v clergyman_n to_o rise_v by_o degree_n the_o age_n usual_o require_v in_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v promote_v to_o the_o several_a order_n of_o deaconess_n their_o antiquity_n age_n and_o office_n the_o great_a honour_n and_o respect_n show_v to_o bishop_n and_o minister_n look_v upon_o as_o common_a parent_n nothing_o of_o moment_n do_v without_o their_o leave_n their_o welcome_n and_o the_o honour_n do_v they_o wherever_o they_o come_v this_o make_v good_a by_o several_a instance_n bishop_n invest_v with_o power_n to_o determine_v civil_a controversy_n the_o plentiful_a provision_n make_v for_o they_o the_o great_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n grant_v by_o constantine_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n note_v out_o of_o the_o theodosian_a code_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o time_n and_o place_n we_o proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o person_n that_o constitute_v and_o make_v up_o their_o religious_a assembly_n and_o they_o be_v either_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n or_o those_o who_o be_v peculiar_o consecrate_v and_o set_v apart_o for_o the_o public_a ministration_n of_o religion_n for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o christianity_n at_o first_o general_o gain_v admission_n in_o great_a town_n and_o city_n so_o all_o the_o believer_n of_o that_o place_n usual_o assemble_v and_o meet_v together_o the_o christian_n also_o of_o the_o neighbour-village_n resort_v thither_o at_o time_n of_o public_a worship_n but_o religion_n increase_a apace_o the_o public_a assembly_n especial_o in_o the_o great_a city_n quick_o begin_v to_o be_v too_o vast_a and_o numerous_a to_o be_v manage_v with_o any_o order_n and_o conveniency_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v force_v to_o divide_v the_o body_n into_o particular_a congregation_n who_o have_v their_o pastor_n and_o spiritual_a guide_n set_v over_o they_o but_o still_o be_v under_o the_o superintendency_n and_o care_n of_o he_o that_o be_v the_o precedent_n or_o bishop_n of_o the_o place_n and_o according_a as_o the_o church_n can_v form_v and_o establish_v its_o discipline_n the_o people_n either_o according_a to_o their_o seniority_n and_o improvement_n or_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o present_a condition_n they_o be_v under_o begin_v to_o be_v distinguish_v into_o several_a rank_n and_o class_n which_o have_v their_o distinct_a place_n in_o the_o church_n and_o their_o gradual_a admission_n to_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o public_a worship_n balsam_n the_o first_o be_v the_o catechuman_n zoâ—ar_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n 5._o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d neo-caesar_n or_o more_o perfect_a such_o as_o have_v be_v catechuman_n of_o some_o considerable_a stand_n and_o be_v even_o ripe_a for_o baptism_n these_o may_v stay_v not_o only_o the_o read_n of_o the_o scripture_n but_o to_o the_o very_a last_o part_n of_o the_o first_o service_n the_o other_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o more_o rude_a and_o imperfect_a who_o stand_v only_o among_o the_o hearer_n and_o be_v to_o depart_v the_o congregation_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o lesson_n be_v read_v these_o be_v as_o yet_o account_v heathen_n who_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o be_v catechize_v and_o instruct_v in_o the_o more_o plain_a ground_n and_o rudiment_n of_o religion_n these_o principle_n be_v gradual_o deliver_v to_o they_o according_a as_o they_o become_v capable_a to_o receive_v they_o first_o the_o more_o plain_a and_o then_o the_o more_o difficult_a indeed_o they_o be_v very_o shy_a of_o impart_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o more_o recondite_v doctrine_n of_o christianity_n to_o any_o till_o after_o baptism_n 13._o so_o s._n cyril_n express_o assure_v we_o where_o speak_v to_o the_o illuminate_v or_o baptise_a if_o during_o the_o chatechetical_a exercise_n say_v he_o a_o catechumen_n shall_v ask_v thou_o what_o that_o mean_n which_o the_o preacher_n say_v tell_v he_o not_o for_o he_o be_v yet_o without_o and_o these_o mystery_n be_v deliver_v to_o thou_o only_o the_o weak_a understanding_n of_o a_o catechumen_n be_v no_o more_o able_a to_o bear_v such_o sublime_a mystery_n than_o a_o sick_a man_n head_n can_v large_a and_o immoderate_a draught_n of_o wine_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o preface_n he_o have_v this_o note_n 21._o these_o catechetical_a discourse_n may_v be_v read_v by_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v baptize_v or_o the_o faithful_a already_o baptize_v but_o to_o catechuman_n or_o such_o as_o be_v no_o christian_n thou_o may_v not_o impart_v they_o for_o if_o thou_o do_v expect_v to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o god_n s._n basil_n discourse_v of_o the_o rite_n and_o institution_n of_o christianity_n 2._o divide_v they_o into_o two_o part_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v those_o part_n of_o religion_n which_o may_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v familiar_o preach_v and_o expound_v to_o the_o people_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o more_o sublime_a and_o hide_a doctrine_n and_o part_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o these_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thing_n not_o rash_o and_o common_o to_o be_v divulge_v but_o to_o be_v lock_v up_o in_o silence_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o trinity_n and_o hypostatick_a union_n 230._o and_o such_o like_a especial_o of_o the_o two_o sacrament_n baptism_n and_o the_o lord_n supper_n for_o though_o they_o acquaint_v their_o young_a hearer_n with_o so_o much_o of_o they_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o stir_v up_o their_o desire_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o main_a of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o the_o sacramental_a symbol_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o celebration_n the_o modus_fw-la of_o the_o divine_a presence_n at_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n the_o meaning_n of_o all_o those_o mystical_a rite_n and_o ceremony_n that_o be_v use_v about_o they_o these_o be_v careful_o conceal_v both_o from_o stranger_n and_o catechuman_n and_o communicate_v only_o to_o those_o who_o be_v solemn_o initiate_v and_o baptize_v hence_o that_o ancient_a form_n so_o common_a in_o the_o sermon_n and_o write_n of_o the_o father_n whereby_o when_o accidental_o discourse_v before_o the_o people_n of_o any_o of_o these_o mysterious_a part_n of_o religion_n they_o use_v to_o fetch_v themselves_o off_o with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d those_o that_o be_v initiate_v know_v what_o be_v say_v chrys_n this_o be_v so_o usual_a isid_v that_o this_o phrase_n occur_v at_o least_o fifty_o time_n in_o the_o write_n of_o s._n chrysostom_n only_o 4._o as_o casaubon_n have_v observe_v aliique_fw-la who_o have_v likewise_o note_v three_o reason_n out_o of_o the_o father_n why_o they_o so_o studious_o conceal_v these_o part_n of_o their_o religion_n 556._o first_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o so_o sublime_a and_o remote_a from_o vulgar_a apprehension_n that_o they_o will_v signify_v little_a to_o pagan_n or_o catechuman_n not_o yet_o full_o instruct_v and_o confirm_v in_o the_o faith_n and_o will_v either_o be_v lose_v upon_o they_o or_o in_o danger_n to_o be_v deride_v by_o they_o second_o that_o hereby_o the_o catechuman_n and_o young_a christian_n may_v be_v inflame_v with_o a_o great_a eagerness_n of_o desire_n to_o partake_v of_o the_o mystery_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o faithful_a humane_a nature_n be_v desirous_a of_o nothing_o more_o than_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v keep_v and_o conceal_v from_o we_o to_o help_v they_o forward_o in_o this_o vâ—â—l_n s._n augustine_n tell_v we_o 493._o that_o in_o their_o public_a prayer_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o beg_v of_o god_n to_o inspire_v the_o catechuman_n with_o a_o desire_n of_o baptismal_a regeneration_n the_o same_o account_n chrysostom_n give_v we_o 740._o this_o
be_v part_n of_o the_o form_n use_v in_o their_o public_a service_n let_v we_o pray_v that_o the_o most_o gracious_a and_o merciful_a god_n will_v hear_v the_o prayer_n of_o the_o catechuman_n and_o what_o it_o be_v they_o pray_v for_o he_o present_o add_v viz._n that_o they_o may_v no_o long_o remain_v in_o that_o state_n upon_o these_o account_n initiation_n by_o baptism_n but_o especial_o admission_n to_o the_o lord_n supper_n be_v among_o other_o title_n in_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n call_v desiderata_fw-la because_o so_o earnest_o desire_v and_o seek_v for_o by_o those_o that_o be_v not_o yet_o take_v in_o the_o truth_n be_v ibid._n till_o person_n arrive_v at_o this_o state_n they_o be_v not_o account_v christian_n or_o but_o in_o a_o large_a sense_n as_o candidate_n that_o stand_v in_o order_n to_o it_o and_o therefore_o can_v not_o satisfy_v themselves_o either_o to_o live_v or_o die_v in_o that_o condition_n wherein_o they_o want_v the_o great_a seal_n and_o pledge_n of_o their_o christianity_n three_o to_o beget_v in_o man_n mind_n the_o high_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n for_o these_o religious_a mystery_n nothing_o produce_v a_o great_a contempt_n even_o in_o sacred_a thing_n than_o too_o much_o openness_n and_o familiarity_n so_o that_o a_o little_a obscurity_n and_o concealment_n may_v seem_v necessary_a to_o vindicate_v they_o from_o contempt_n and_o secure_v the_o majesty_n and_o reverence_n that_o be_v due_a to_o they_o this_o make_v the_o father_n &_o senior_n of_o the_o church_n say_v s._n basil_n in_o prescribe_v rite_n and_o law_n laud._n leave_v many_o thing_n in_o the_o dark_a behind_o the_o vail_n and_o curtain_n that_o they_o may_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d preserve_v the_o sacredness_n and_o dignity_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o mystery_n of_o religion_n for_o a_o thing_n say_v he_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o mystery_n when_o it_o be_v once_o expose_v to_o every_o vulgar_a and_o common_a ear_n but_o of_o this_o enough_o if_o not_o too_o much_o and_o as_o they_o be_v careful_a to_o keep_v the_o high_a part_n of_o christianity_n within_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o faithful_a so_o they_o be_v not_o less_o careful_a to_o teach_v and_o instruct_v the_o catechuman_n in_o all_o those_o principle_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v teach_v this_o at_o their_o first_o come_v over_o be_v do_v private_o and_o at_o home_n by_o person_n depute_v on_o purpose_n to_o that_o office_n by_o the_o bishop_n as_o balsamon_n clear_o intimate_v till_o they_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v in_o the_o first_o and_o more_o intelligible_a principle_n of_o the_o faith_n 26._o then_o they_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o congregation_n laodie_n and_o suffer_v to_o be_v present_a at_o some_o part_n of_o the_o divine_a service_n especial_o the_o sermon_n which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o building_n they_o up_o unto_o high_a measure_n of_o knowledge_n which_o be_v end_v they_o be_v command_v to_o depart_v the_o church_n not_o be_v suffer_v to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o more_o solemn_a rite_n especial_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o be_v train_v up_o till_o they_o be_v initiate_v by_o baptism_n and_o take_v into_o the_o high_a form_n of_o christian_n how_o long_a person_n remain_v in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o catechuman_n be_v difficult_a to_o determine_v it_o not_o be_v always_o nor_o in_o all_o place_n alike_o but_o long_o in_o some_o and_o short_a in_o other_o and_o probable_o according_a to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o person_n 1032._o the_o apostolic_a constitution_n appoint_v three_o year_n for_o the_o catechumen_n to_o be_v instruct_v but_o provide_v withal_o that_o if_o any_o one_o be_v diligent_a and_o virtuous_a and_o have_v a_o ripeness_n of_o understanding_n for_o the_o thing_n he_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o baptism_n soon_o for_o say_v they_o not_o the_o space_n of_o time_n but_o the_o fitness_n and_o manner_n of_o man_n be_v to_o be_v regard_v in_o this_o matter_n the_o next_o sort_n be_v the_o penitent_n such_o as_o for_o some_o misdemeanour_n be_v under_o the_o censure_n and_o severity_n of_o the_o church_n and_o be_v gradual_o to_o obtain_v absolution_n from_o it_o of_o these_o there_o be_v several_a degree_n five_o especial_o mention_v by_o s._n gregory_n of_o neo-caesarea_n 〈◊〉_d who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 250._o the_o first_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 121._o such_o as_o weep_v and_o lament_v and_o be_v rather_o candidate_n to_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o order_n of_o penitent_n than_o penitent_n proper_o so_o call_v these_o usual_o stand_v in_o a_o squalid_a and_o mournful_a habit_n at_o the_o church-porch_n with_o tear_n and_o great_a importunity_n beg_v of_o the_o faithful_a as_o they_o go_v in_o to_o pray_v for_o they_o the_o second_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o hearer_n who_o be_v admit_v to_o hear_v the_o holy_a scripture_n read_v and_o expound_v to_o the_o people_n their_o station_n be_v at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o narthex_n or_o first_o part_n of_o the_o church_n and_o be_v to_o depart_v the_o congregation_n at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o catechuman_n the_o three_o class_n of_o penitent_n be_v that_o of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o prostrate_a because_o service_n be_v end_v h._n they_o fall_v down_o before_o the_o bishop_n 727._o who_o together_o with_o the_o congregation_n fall_v down_o and_o make_v confession_n in_o their_o behalf_n after_o raise_v they_o up_o and_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o they_o these_o stand_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n next_o the_o pulpit_n or_o reading-pew_a and_o be_v to_o depart_v together_o with_o the_o catechuman_n the_o four_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o consistentes_fw-la such_o as_o stay_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o congregation_n and_o do_v not_o depart_v with_o the_o catechuman_n but_o after_o they_o and_o the_o other_o penitent_n be_v go_v out_o stay_v and_o join_v in_o prayer_n and_o sing_v but_o not_o in_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n with_o the_o faithful_a these_o after_o some_o time_n be_v advance_v into_o the_o five_o and_o last_o order_n of_o the_o communicantes_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d s._n gregory_n call_v it_o and_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n this_o be_v the_o state_n of_o the_o penitent_n in_o the_o primitive_a church_n person_n have_v full_o pass_v through_o the_o state_n of_o the_o catechumenate_n become_v then_o immediate_a candidate_n of_o baptism_n present_v their_o name_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o humble_o prostrate_v themselves_o beg_v that_o they_o may_v be_v enter_v into_o the_o church_n these_o be_v call_v competentes_fw-la because_o they_o do_v competere_fw-la gratiam_fw-la christi_fw-la sue_v for_o the_o grace_n of_o christ_n confer_v in_o baptism_n the_o last_o rank_n be_v that_o of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o faithful_a who_o have_v be_v baptize_v and_o confirm_v and_o have_v approve_v themselves_o by_o the_o long_a train_n and_o course_n of_o a_o strict_a pious_a life_n be_v then_o admit_v to_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n which_o be_v the_o high_a and_o most_o venerable_a mystery_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v not_o then_o rash_o give_v to_o any_o but_o to_o such_o only_a as_o have_v run_v through_o all_o other_o degree_n and_o by_o a_o course_n of_o piety_n evidence_v themselves_o to_o be_v such_o real_a and_o faithful_a christian_n as_o that_o the_o high_a mystery_n and_o most_o solemn_a part_n of_o religion_n may_v be_v commit_v to_o they_o this_o be_v the_o high_a order_n and_o look_v upon_o with_o great_a regard_n and_o for_o any_o of_o this_o rank_n to_o lapse_v and_o be_v overtake_v with_o a_o fault_n cost_v they_o severe_a penance_n than_o be_v impose_v upon_o the_o inferior_a form_n of_o christian_n this_o in_o short_a be_v the_o state_n of_o the_o people_n but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a any_o body_n or_o community_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v regular_o manage_v without_o some_o particular_a person_n to_o superintend_v direct_v and_o govern_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o whole_a society_n therefore_o we_o be_v next_o to_o inquire_v what_o person_n there_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a church_n that_o be_v peculiar_o set_v apart_o to_o steer_v its_o affair_n and_o to_o attend_v upon_o the_o public_a office_n and_o ministration_n of_o it_o that_o god_n always_o have_v a_o peculiar_a people_n who_o he_o select_v for_o himself_o out_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n be_v too_o evident_a to_o need_v any_o proof_n such_o be_v the_o patriarch_n and_o the_o holy_a seed_n of_o old_a such_o the_o jew_n choose_v by_o he_o above_o all_o other_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n this_o be_v his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d
strict_o take_v for_o lift_v up_o the_o hand_n in_o suffrage_n common_o use_v at_o athens_n and_o some_o of_o the_o state_n of_o greece_n in_o the_o design_v and_o elect_v person_n to_o be_v public_a magistrate_n but_o more_o particular_o in_o use_n among_o the_o jew_n and_o from_o they_o doubtless_o as_o many_o other_o of_o the_o synagogue-rite_n transfer_v into_o the_o christian_a church_n and_o there_o constant_o use_v both_o as_o to_o the_o lift_v up_o and_o lay_v on_o the_o hand_n as_o the_o rite_n of_o confer_v ordination_n upon_o the_o minister_n of_o christ._n only_o it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v remember_v that_o there_o be_v a_o double_a imposition_n of_o hand_n in_o set_v apart_o ecclesiastical_a officer_n the_o one_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o by_o way_n of_o consecration_n and_o this_o be_v the_o proper_a way_n of_o ordain_v the_o first_o rank_n of_o officer_n bishop_n presbyter_n and_o deacon_n the_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o way_n of_o blessing_n hand_n be_v lay_v upon_o they_o only_o as_o in_o the_o absolution_n of_o penitent_n by_o way_n of_o solemn_a benediction_n and_o thus_o the_o inferior_a officer_n subdeacons_n reader_n etc._n etc._n and_o deaconess_n be_v set_v apart_o all_o order_n under_o bishop_n be_v ordain_v by_o the_o bishop_n the_o bishop_n himself_o by_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o province_n who_o use_v to_o meet_v together_o for_o that_o purpose_n if_o nearness_n of_o place_n and_o other_o conveniency_n will_v allow_v 4._o otherwise_o three_o and_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n two_o may_v do_v it_o the_o rest_n testify_v their_o consent_n in_o writing_n and_o the_o person_n thus_o ordain_v be_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o that_o province_n and_o whereas_o the_o council_n of_o antioch_n provide_v 19_o that_o no_o bishop_n shall_v be_v ordain_v without_o the_o metropolitan_a be_v present_a it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o balsamon_n tell_v we_o of_o his_o leave_n and_o permission_n or_o his_o appoint_v it_o to_o be_v so_o for_o the_o ordination_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o clergy_n priest_n deacon_n etc._n etc._n the_o act_n and_o presence_n of_o one_o bishop_n may_v suffice_v and_o as_o no_o more_o than_o one_o be_v require_v so_o one_o at_o least_o be_v necessary_a the_o power_n of_o confer_v order_n be_v even_o by_o those_o who_o otherwise_o have_v have_v no_o mighty_a kindness_n for_o episcopacy_n acknowledge_v a_o unquestionable_a right_n of_o the_o episcopal_a office_n insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o athanasius_n it_o be_v a_o just_a exception_n against_o ischyras_n athan._n that_o he_o have_v be_v ordain_v by_o colythus_fw-la 570._o who_o be_v no_o high_a than_o a_o presbyter_n and_o consequent_o his_o ordination_n by_o the_o council_n be_v adjudge_v null_a and_o void_a 1._o at_o all_o ordination_n especial_o of_o superior_a officer_n the_o people_n of_o the_o place_n be_v always_o present_a and_o ratify_v the_o action_n with_o their_o approbation_n and_o consent_n and_o indeed_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o people_n in_o some_o place_n especial_o be_v very_o much_o consider_v in_o this_o affair_n 1004._o it_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o do_v without_o their_o presence_n and_o suffrage_n to_o this_o end_n the_o bishop_n be_v wont_n before_o every_o ordination_n to_o propound_v and_o publish_v the_o name_n of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o have_v holy_a order_n confer_v upon_o they_o 114._o that_o so_o the_o people_n who_o best_o know_v their_o life_n and_o conversation_n may_v interpose_v if_o they_o have_v any_o thing_n material_a to_o object_n against_o it_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o unworthy_a be_v discover_v and_o reject_v the_o deserve_v honour_v and_o admit_v the_o ordination_n become_v legitimate_a and_o satisfactory_a have_v past_o the_o common_a vote_n and_o suffrage_n without_o any_o exception_n make_v against_o it_o as_o cyprian_n speak_v hence_o the_o clergy_n of_o what_o order_n soever_o be_v say_v praedicari_fw-la to_o be_v propound_v or_o publish_v and_o this_o way_n seem_v so_o fit_a and_o reasonable_a that_o severus_n the_o emperor_n a_o wise_a and_o prudent_a prince_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o christian_n establish_v it_o in_o the_o disposal_n of_o civil_a office_n 570._o for_o when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o send_v out_o any_o governor_n of_o province_n or_o to_o appoint_v receiver_n of_o his_o revenue_n he_o propound_v the_o name_n of_o those_o he_o intend_v desire_v the_o people_n to_o except_v against_o the_o person_n if_o they_o know_v they_o guilty_a of_o any_o crime_n which_o they_o be_v able_a to_o make_v good_a against_o they_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v unfit_a say_v his_o own_o historian_n that_o when_o the_o christian_n and_o jew_n do_v it_o in_o publish_v those_o who_o be_v to_o be_v ordain_v their_o priest_n and_o minister_n the_o same_o shall_v not_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o election_n of_o governor_n of_o province_n who_o have_v the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o man_n commit_v to_o they_o when_o the_o case_n so_o happen_v that_o the_o ordination_n be_v more_o remote_a or_o private_a they_o be_v then_o require_v to_o bring_v sufficient_a testimonial_n 35._o thus_o cyprian_n when_o ordain_v satyrus_n and_o optatus_n to_o be_v reader_n we_o examine_v say_v he_o whether_o the_o testimonial_n agree_v to_o they_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v who_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o clergy_n and_o indeed_o they_o proceed_v in_o this_o affair_n with_o all_o imaginable_a care_n and_o prudence_n 3_o they_o examine_v man_n fitness_n for_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o be_v set_v apart_o inquire_v severe_o what_o have_v be_v the_o course_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o life_n how_o they_o have_v carry_v themselves_o in_o their_o youth_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v govern_v it_o by_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o piety_n this_o ancient_a custom_n as_o s._n basil_n call_v it_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o nicene_n council_n 9_o declare_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v ordain_v presbyter_n without_o previous_a examination_n especial_o a_o strict_a enquiry_n into_o his_o life_n and_o manner_n for_o the_o apostolic_a church_n say_v joseph_n the_o egyptian_a in_o his_o arabic_a paraphrase_n of_o that_o canon_n admit_v none_o in_o this_o case_n but_o he_o that_o be_v of_o great_a innocency_n and_o a_o unspotted_a life_n free_a from_o those_o crime_n and_o enormity_n which_o he_o there_o particular_o reckon_v up_o they_o suffer_v not_o man_n in_o those_o day_n to_o leap_v into_o ecclesiastical_a order_n but_o by_o the_o usual_a step_n and_o stay_v the_o appoint_a time_n 67._o cyprian_n commend_v cornelius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n that_o he_o do_v not_o skip_v into_o the_o chair_n but_o pass_v through_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a office_n ascend_v through_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o religion_n till_o he_o come_v ad_fw-la sacerdotii_fw-la sublime_a fastigium_fw-la to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a order_n a_o thing_n express_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o synod_n of_o sardis_n 10._o that_o no_o man_n though_o never_o so_o rich_a though_o furnish_v with_o never_o so_o good_a a_o knack_n of_o speech_n and_o oratory_n shall_v yet_o be_v make_v bishop_n before_o he_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o precede_a order_n of_o reader_n subdeacon_n deacon_n and_o presbyter_n that_o have_v be_v find_v fit_a in_o each_o of_o these_o he_o may_v step_v by_o step_n ascend_v up_o to_o the_o episcopal_a chair_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v spend_v some_o considerable_a time_n in_o each_o of_o these_o degree_n that_o so_o his_o faith_n and_o the_o innocency_n and_o excellency_n of_o his_o life_n his_o constancy_n and_o moderation_n may_v be_v make_v know_v to_o all_o and_o his_o fitness_n for_o that_o sacred_a function_n be_v make_v apparent_a may_v procure_v he_o the_o great_a honour_n and_o reverence_n from_o other_o man_n be_v then_o force_v to_o stay_v their_o full_a time_n before_o they_o can_v be_v promote_v to_o any_o high_a order_n they_o do_v not_o commence_v divine_n and_o bishop_n in_o a_o day_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o nazianzen_n elegant_o call_v they_o like_o some_o he_o complain_v of_o in_o his_o time_n 335._o who_o be_v not_o polish_v by_o time_n and_o study_n but_o fit_v and_o make_v bishop_n all_o at_o once_o who_o therefore_o he_o witty_o compare_v to_o the_o dragon_n tooth_n which_o the_o fable_n tell_v we_o cadmus_n sow_v at_o thebes_n which_o immediate_o spring_v up_o giant_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n arm_v cap-a-pe_n perfect_a man_n and_o perfect_a warrior_n in_o one_o day_n and_o just_o such_o say_v he_o be_v some_o prelate_n consecrate_a make_v wise_a and_o learned_a in_o one_o day_n who_o yet_o understand_v nothing_o before_o nor_o bring_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o order_n but_o only_o a_o good_a will_n to_o be_v there_o for_o the_o age_n of_o the_o person_n that_o be_v to_o be_v ordain_v they_o usual_o
and_o modesty_n we_o be_v to_o remember_v that_o we_o be_v under_o the_o eye_n of_o god_n who_o we_o be_v not_o to_o offend_v either_o in_o the_o habit_n of_o our_o body_n or_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o speech_n for_o as_o it_o be_v the_o fashion_n of_o those_o that_o be_v impudent_a to_o clamour_n and_o make_v a_o noise_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o become_v a_o sober_a man_n to_o pray_v with_o a_o modest_a voice_n when_o therefore_o we_o come_v together_o with_o our_o brethren_n into_o the_o assembly_n to_o celebrate_v the_o divine_a sacrifice_n with_o the_o minister_n of_o god_n we_o ought_v to_o be_v mindful_a of_o order_n and_o a_o reverend_a regard_n and_o not_o to_o throw_v about_o our_o prayer_n with_o a_o wild_a and_o confuse_a voice_n or_o with_o a_o disorderly_a prattle_n to_o cast_v forth_o those_o petition_n which_o ought_v with_o the_o great_a modesty_n to_o be_v put_v up_o to_o god_n the_o man_n pray_v with_o their_o head_n bare_a as_o not_o ashamed_a to_o look_v up_o to_o heaven_n for_o what_o they_o beg_v of_o god_n the_o woman_n cover_v as_o a_o sign_n of_o the_o modesty_n of_o that_o sex_n and_o therefore_o tertullian_n severe_o check_v the_o practice_n of_o some_o woman_n in_o his_o time_n who_o in_o time_n of_o worship_n have_v no_o cover_n on_o their_o head_n or_o what_o be_v as_o good_a as_o none_o what_o reproof_n say_v he_o do_v they_o deserve_v 504._o that_o continue_v unvail_v in_o sing_v psalm_n or_o in_o any_o mention_n of_o god_n or_o do_v they_o think_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o lay_v some_o thin_a and_o slight_a thing_n over_o their_o head_n in_o prayer_n and_o then_o think_v themselves_o cover_v where_o he_o manifest_o refer_v to_o those_o rule_n which_o the_o apostle_n prescribe_v in_o this_o case_n and_o conclude_v at_o last_o that_o they_o shall_v at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n be_v mindful_a of_o the_o rule_n be_v ready_a and_o provide_v against_o all_o mention_n of_o the_o name_n of_o god_n who_o if_o he_o be_v in_o woman_n heart_n will_v be_v know_v on_o their_o head_n viz._n by_o a_o modest_a carriage_n and_o cover_n of_o they_o in_o their_o address_n to_o he_o their_o hand_n they_o do_v not_o only_o lift_v up_o to_o heaven_n a_o posture_n in_o prayer_n common_a both_o among_o jew_n and_o gentile_n but_o they_o do_v expan_n and_o spread_v they_o abroad_o that_o so_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o may_v shadow_v out_o a_o image_n of_o the_o cross_n or_o rather_o a_o resemblance_n of_o he_o that_o hang_v upon_o it_o 39_o as_o tertullian_n more_o than_o once_o and_o again_o inform_v we_o prayer_n say_v another_o be_v a_o converse_v with_o god_n amasen_n and_o the_o way_n to_o heaven_n and_o to_o stretch_v out_o our_o hand_n be_v to_o form_v the_o resemblance_n of_o christ_n crucify_v phot._n which_o whoever_o pray_v shall_v do_v not_o only_o as_o to_o the_o form_n and_o figure_n 1496._o but_o in_o reality_n and_o affection_n for_o as_o he_o that_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o cross_n sure_o die_v so_o he_o that_o pray_v shall_v crucify_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o flesh_n and_o every_o inordinate_a lust_n and_o passion_n in_o the_o perform_n of_o this_o duty_n they_o either_o kneel_v which_o be_v most_o usual_a or_o stand_v which_o they_o always_o do_v upon_o the_o lord_n day_n for_o a_o reason_n which_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o before_o fit_v be_v ever_o hold_v a_o posture_n of_o great_a rudeness_n and_o irreverence_n nay_o tertullian_n fall_v heavy_a upon_o some_o that_o use_v present_o to_o clap_v themselves_o down_o upon_o their_o seat_n 134._o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o prayer_n be_v do_v and_o downright_o charge_v it_o as_o against_o scripture_n if_o it_o be_v a_o irreverent_a thing_n as_o he_o argue_v to_o sit_v down_o before_o or_o over_o against_o a_o person_n for_o who_o thou_o have_v a_o mighty_a reverence_n and_o veneration_n how_o much_o more_o do_v it_o savour_n of_o irreligion_n to_o do_v so_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o live_a god_n while_o the_o angel_n be_v yet_o stand_v by_o thou_o to_o carry_v up_o the_o prayer_n to_o heaven_n unless_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o reproach_n god_n to_o his_o face_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o we_o be_v weary_a of_o the_o duty_n another_o custom_n which_o they_o have_v in_o prayer_n be_v that_o they_o constant_o pray_v towards_o the_o east_n this_o be_v so_o universal_o common_a that_o there_o be_v scarce_a any_o ancient_a ecclesiastical_a writer_n but_o speak_v of_o it_o though_o not_o many_o of_o they_o agree_v in_o assign_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o the_o custom_n doubtless_o begin_v very_o early_o and_o be_v general_o ascribe_v to_o the_o apostle_n so_o the_o author_n of_o the_o question_n and_o answer_n assure_v we_o 471._o and_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v because_o the_o east_n be_v account_v the_o most_o excellent_a part_n of_o the_o creation_n and_o see_v in_o prayer_n we_o must_v turn_v our_o face_n towards_o some_o quarter_n spirit_n it_o be_v fit_a it_o shall_v be_v towards_o the_o east_n 2_o just_o say_v he_o as_o in_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n in_o the_o name_n of_o christ_n antioch_n we_o use_v the_o right_a hand_n because_o it_o be_v better_a than_o the_o left_a 2._o not_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o only_o in_o its_o positure_n and_o fitness_n for_o our_o use_n 876._o s._n basil_n likewise_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o tradition_n that_o have_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o apostle_n but_o tell_v we_o the_o mystery_n of_o it_o be_v that_o hereby_o they_o respect_a paradise_n which_o god_n plant_v in_o the_o east_n beg_v of_o he_o that_o they_o may_v be_v restore_v to_o that_o ancient_a country_n from_o whence_o they_o have_v be_v cast_v out_o this_o may_v probable_o be_v with_o those_o who_o dwell_v in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o how_o it_o can_v be_v do_v by_o those_o who_o live_v east_n of_o the_o garden_n of_o eden_n suppose_v in_o any_o part_n of_o india_n i_o be_o not_o able_a to_o imagine_v 72â—_n clemens_n alex._n tell_v we_o that_o herein_o they_o have_v respect_n to_o christ_n for_o as_o the_o east_n be_v the_o birth_n and_o womb_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n from_o whence_o the_o sun_n the_o fountain_n of_o all_o sensible_a light_n do_v arise_v and_o spring_v so_o christ_n the_o true_a sun_n of_o righteousness_n who_o arise_v upon_o the_o world_n with_o the_o light_n of_o truth_n when_o it_o sit_v in_o the_o darkness_n of_o error_n and_o ignorance_n be_v in_o scripture_n style_v the_o east_n and_o therefore_o our_o prayer_n be_v direct_v thither_o 251._o for_o which_o reason_n tertullian_n call_v the_o east_n the_o figure_n or_o the_o type_n of_o christ_n but_o whatever_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v a_o sober_a account_n which_o athanasius_n give_v of_o it_o 2â—4_n we_o do_v not_o say_v he_o worship_n towards_o the_o east_n as_o if_o we_o think_v god_n any_o way_n shut_v up_o in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o because_o god_n be_v in_o himself_o and_o be_v so_o style_v in_o scripture_n the_o true_a light_n in_o turn_v therefore_o towards_o that_o create_a light_n we_o do_v not_o worship_v it_o but_o the_o great_a creator_n of_o it_o take_v occasion_n from_o that_o most_o excellent_a element_n to_o adore_v that_o god_n who_o be_v before_o all_o element_n and_o age_n of_o the_o world_n this_o be_v their_o carriage_n for_o prayer_n nor_o be_v they_o less_o humble_a and_o reverend_a in_o other_o part_n of_o worship_n they_o hear_v the_o scripture_n read_v and_o preach_v with_o all_o possible_a gravity_n and_o attention_n which_o that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o do_v they_o be_v wont_a to_o stand_v all_o the_o while_n the_o sermon_n continue_v none_o sit_v then_o but_o the_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n that_o be_v about_o he_o schism_n so_o optatus_n express_o tell_v we_o 115._o that_o the_o people_n have_v no_o privilege_n to_o sit_v down_o in_o the_o church_n though_o whether_o the_o custom_n be_v universal_o so_o in_o all_o place_n 907._o i_o much_o doubt_n nay_o s._n augustine_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o some_o transmarine_a i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o western_a churches_n it_o be_v otherwise_o the_o people_n have_v seat_n place_v for_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o minister_n but_o general_o the_o people_n stand_v partly_o to_o express_v the_o reverence_n partly_o to_o keep_v their_o attention_n awake_a and_o lively_a 1._o hence_o it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o deacon_n office_n as_o chrysostom_n tell_v we_o and_o the_o same_o we_o find_v in_o the_o ancient_a greek_a liturgy_n to_o call_v upon_o the_o people_n with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d let_v we_o due_o stand_v upright_o respect_v the_o decent_a posture_n of_o their_o body_n though_o withal_o principal_o intend_v the_o
long_o before_o other_o be_v call_v to_o do_v the_o same_o office_n for_o they_o their_o body_n they_o decent_o commit_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o they_o abhor_v the_o custom_n so_o common_a among_o the_o gentile_n of_o burn_a the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a which_o they_o do_v not_o as_o the_o heathen_n object_v because_o they_o think_v that_o their_o body_n once_o burn_v to_o ash_n will_v be_v difficult_o bring_v to_o a_o resurrection_n a_o doctrine_n which_o they_o strenuous_o assert_v 28._o and_o hold_v fast_o as_o the_o main_a pillar_n of_o their_o comfort_n and_o confidence_n but_o because_o they_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o inhuman_a and_o barbarous_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o more_o ancient_a and_o better_a usage_n of_o mankind_n in_o this_o matter_n tertullian_n call_v this_o way_n of_o burial_n by_o inhumation_n a_o piece_n of_o piety_n 301._o and_o tell_v we_o they_o abstain_v from_o burn_v the_o corpse_n not_o as_o some_o do_v because_o they_o think_v that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n remain_v in_o the_o body_n after_o death_n but_o because_o it_o savour_v of_o savageness_n and_o cruelty_n therefore_o their_o enemy_n to_o do_v they_o the_o great_a spite_n do_v not_o only_o put_v they_o to_o death_n but_o very_o often_o burn_v their_o dead_a body_n and_o sprinkle_v their_o ash_n into_o the_o sea_n partly_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o a_o decent_a burial_n 1627._o and_o partly_o as_o in_o that_o tumult_n at_o alexandria_n under_o julian_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v leave_v of_o they_o to_o be_v honour_v as_o the_o remain_v of_o martyr_n as_o christianity_n get_v ground_n this_o more_o civil_a way_n of_o inhumation_n do_v not_o only_o take_v place_n but_o root_v out_o the_o contrary_a custom_n even_o among_o the_o gentile_n themselves_o for_o though_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n the_o great_a give_v some_o intimation_n of_o it_o as_o remain_v in_o his_o time_n 9_o yet_o not_o long_o after_o it_o whole_o cease_v 514._o as_o be_v express_o acknowledge_v by_o macrobius_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o young_a theodosius_n nor_o do_v they_o ordinary_o content_v themselves_o with_o a_o bare_a interment_n but_o prepare_v the_o body_n for_o its_o funeral_n with_o costly_a spice_n and_o rich_a odour_n and_o perfume_n not_o spare_v the_o best_a drug_n and_o ointment_n which_o the_o sabean_o can_v afford_v 34._o as_o tertullian_n plain_o testify_v they_o who_o while_o alive_a general_o abstain_v from_o whatever_o be_v curious_a and_o costly_a when_o dead_a be_v embalm_v and_o entomb_v with_o great_a art_n and_o curiosity_n whence_o eunapius_n much_o such_o a_o friend_n to_o christianity_n as_o julian_n or_o porphyry_n deride_v the_o monk_n and_o christian_n of_o egypt_n for_o honour_v the_o season_a and_o embalm_v bone_n and_o head_n of_o martyr_n 65._o such_o say_v he_o as_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v condemn_v and_o put_v to_o death_n for_o their_o innumerable_a villainy_n this_o cost_n the_o christian_n doubtless_o bestow_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o their_o dead_a because_o they_o look_v upon_o death_n as_o the_o entrance_n into_o a_o better_a life_n and_o lay_v up_o the_o body_n as_o the_o candidate_n and_o expectant_a of_o a_o joyful_a and_o happy_a resurrection_n beside_o hereby_o they_o give_v some_o encouragement_n to_o suffering_n when_o man_n see_v how_o much_o care_n be_v take_v to_o honour_n and_o secure_v the_o relic_n of_o their_o mortality_n and_o that_o their_o body_n shall_v not_o be_v persecute_v after_o death_n this_o their_o enemy_n know_v very_o well_o and_o therefore_o many_o time_n deny_v they_o the_o civility_n and_o humanity_n of_o burial_n to_o strike_v the_o great_a dread_n into_o they_o thus_o maximus_n the_o precedent_n threaten_v tharacus_n the_o martyr_n 2._o that_o although_o he_o bear_v up_o his_o head_n so_o high_a upon_o the_o confidence_n that_o after_o his_o death_n his_o body_n shall_v be_v wind_v up_o and_o embalm_v with_o ointment_n and_o odoriferous_a spice_n yet_o he_o will_v defeat_v his_o hope_n by_o cause_v his_o body_n to_o be_v burn_v and_o sprinkle_v his_o ash_n before_o the_o wind_n thus_o after_o they_o have_v put_v polycarp_n to_o death_n 135_o they_o burn_v his_o body_n out_o of_o spite_n to_o the_o christian_n who_o have_v beg_v it_o of_o the_o proconsul_n only_o to_o give_v it_o a_o solemn_a interment_n whereupon_o gather_v his_o bone_n which_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o fire_n have_v spare_v they_o decent_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o use_v to_o meet_v to_o celebrate_v the_o memory_n of_o that_o pious_a and_o holy_a man_n during_o those_o time_n of_o persecution_n they_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o martyr_n some_o make_v it_o their_o particular_a business_n by_o stealth_n to_o inter_v those_o in_o the_o night_n who_o have_v suffer_v in_o the_o day_n this_o they_o do_v with_o great_a hazard_n and_o danger_n many_o of_o they_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o ancient_a martyrology_n suffer_v martyrdom_n upon_o this_o very_a account_n afterward_o when_o the_o church_n be_v settle_v there_o be_v a_o particular_a order_n of_o man_n call_v copiatae_n either_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o pain_n they_o take_v or_o else_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o they_o commit_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a to_o the_o grave_a the_o place_n of_o ease_n and_o rest_n appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n 1._o about_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n or_o to_o be_v sure_a his_o son_n constantius_n in_o two_o of_o who_o law_n they_o be_v express_o mention_v â—65_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a say_v to_o be_v late_o institute_v their_o office_n as_o epiphanius_n tell_v be_v to_o wrap_v up_o and_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a to_o prepare_v their_o grave_n and_o to_o inter_v they_o and_o because_o inhumation_n and_o give_v burial_n to_o the_o dead_a be_v ever_o account_v in_o a_o more_o peculiar_a manner_n a_o work_n of_o piety_n and_o religion_n therefore_o these_o person_n be_v reckon_v if_o not_o strict_o clergyman_n at_o least_o in_o a_o clergy-relation_n be_v in_o both_o law_n of_o constantius_n enumerate_v with_o and_o invest_v in_o the_o same_o immunity_n with_o the_o clergy_n by_o the_o author_n in_o s._n hierom_n they_o be_v style_v fossarii_fw-la 81._o grave-maker_n and_o by_o he_o place_v in_o the_o first_o and_o low_a order_n of_o the_o clerici_fw-la and_o exhort_v to_o be_v like_o good_a old_a tobit_n in_o faith_n holiness_n knowledge_n and_o virtue_n in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o constantinople_n they_o be_v call_v decani_fw-la or_o dean_n but_o quite_o distinct_a from_o the_o palatin_a dean_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o theodosian_a code_n 1._o and_o freequent_o elsewhere_o who_o be_v a_o military_a order_n and_o chief_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n palace_n they_o be_v one_o of_o the_o collegia_fw-la or_o corporation_n of_o the_o city_n their_o number_n be_v very_o great_a constantine_n be_v say_v to_o have_v appoint_v no_o less_o than_o m._n c._n of_o they_o but_o by_o a_o law_n of_o honorius_n and_o theodosius_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o dccccl_n 4._o till_o afterward_o anastasius_n bring_v they_o back_o to_o their_o former_a number_n which_o be_v also_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o justinian_n their_o particular_a duty_n and_o office_n both_o as_o relate_v to_o the_o dead_a and_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v large_o describe_v in_o two_o novel_a constitution_n of_o his_o to_o that_o purpose_n 134._o nor_o do_v they_o only_o take_v care_n that_o the_o body_n may_v be_v prepare_v for_o its_o funeral_n but_o to_o provide_v it_o of_o a_o decent_a and_o convenient_a sepulchre_n wherein_o it_o may_v be_v honourable_o and_o secure_o lay_v up_o a_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v always_o practise_v by_o the_o more_o sober_a and_o civilise_a part_n of_o mankind_n their_o burying-place_n call_v polyandria_n cryptae_n arenaria_fw-la but_o most_o common_o coemeteria_fw-la or_o dormitory_n because_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n which_o the_o scripture_n give_v we_o of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o righteous_a christian_n be_v not_o so_o proper_o say_v to_o die_v as_o to_o sleep_v in_o the_o lord_n and_o their_o body_n to_o rest_v in_o the_o grave_n in_o expectation_n of_o a_o joyful_a resurrection_n be_v general_o in_o the_o field_n or_o garden_n it_o be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n 4._o and_o especial_o a_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o xii_o table_n to_o bury_v within_o the_o city_n wall_n this_o hold_v for_o some_o century_n after_o christianity_n appear_v in_o the_o world_n and_o long_o it_o be_v before_o they_o bury_v within_o church_n within_o the_o outpart_n whereof_o to_o be_v inter_v be_v a_o privilege_n at_o first_o grant_v only_o to_o prince_n and_o person_n of_o the_o great_a rank_n and_o quality_n 929._o chrysostome_n assure_v we_o that_o constantius_n the_o emperor_n reckon_v he_o do_v his_o
by_o excommunication_n be_v not_o original_o institute_v by_o our_o lord_n or_o his_o apostle_n but_o have_v be_v ancient_o practise_v both_o among_o jew_n and_o gentile_n it_o be_v common_o practise_v by_o the_o druid_n as_o caesar_n who_o live_v among_o they_o inform_v we_o who_o 135._o when_o any_o of_o the_o people_n become_v irregular_a and_o disorderly_a present_o suspend_v they_o from_o their_o sacrifice_n and_o the_o person_n thus_o suspend_v be_v account_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o most_o impious_a and_o exercrable_a person_n all_o man_n stand_v off_o from_o they_o shun_v their_o company_n and_o converse_v as_o a_o infection_n and_o a_o plague_n they_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o law_n nor_o any_o honour_n or_o respect_n show_v to_o they_o and_o of_o all_o punishment_n this_o they_o account_v most_o extreme_a and_o severe_a so_o far_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o this_o discipline_n among_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n in_o the_o jewish_a church_n nothing_o be_v more_o familiar_a their_o three_o famous_a degree_n of_o excommunication_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d niddui_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d cherem_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d shammatha_n be_v so_o common_o know_v that_o it_o be_v impertinent_a to_o insist_v upon_o they_o from_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o jewish_a it_o be_v among_o other_o rite_n adopt_v into_o the_o christian_a church_n practise_v by_o the_o apostle_n and_o the_o church_n found_v by_o they_o whereof_o we_o have_v instance_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n but_o bring_v to_o great_a perfection_n in_o succeed_a time_n it_o be_v various_o express_v by_o the_o ancient_a writer_n though_o much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n such_o person_n be_v say_v abstineri_fw-la to_o be_v keep_v back_o a_o word_n much_o use_v by_o cyprian_a and_o the_o synod_n of_o illiberis_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v separate_v or_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n as_o s._n augustin_n oft_o express_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v whole_o cut_v off_o from_o communion_n 28._o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o apostolic_a canon_n sometime_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 28._o as_o the_o laodicean_n synod_n call_v it_o to_o be_v throw_v out_o of_o the_o church_n to_o be_v anathematise_v and_o without_o the_o communion_n and_o pale_a of_o the_o church_n gaugr_n as_o the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n of_o gaugra_fw-mi have_v it_o this_o suspension_n and_o the_o penance_n that_o accompany_v it_o be_v great_a or_o less_o long_o or_o short_a according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o crime_n sometime_o two_o three_o ten_o fifteen_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o year_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o whole_a life_n nay_o in_o some_o case_n it_o be_v not_o take_v off_o at_o death_n but_o person_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n without_o any_o testimony_n of_o their_o reconciliation_n to_o the_o church_n though_o herein_o the_o severity_n be_v mitigate_v not_o only_o by_o private_a bishop_n but_o by_o the_o great_a council_n of_o nice_a which_o ordain_v that_o penitent_a person_n shall_v not_o be_v deny_v the_o communion_n at_o the_o hour_n of_o death_n of_o all_o which_o case_n or_o the_o most_o material_a of_o they_o we_o have_v in_o the_o forego_n discourse_n produce_v particular_a instance_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n if_o the_o person_n offend_v happen_v to_o be_v in_o order_n he_o forfeit_v his_o ministry_n and_o though_o upon_o his_o repentance_n he_o be_v restore_v to_o communion_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o as_o a_o lay-person_n never_o recover_v the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o his_o office_n thus_o cornelius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n give_v fabius_n of_o antioch_n a_o account_n of_o the_o clancular_a and_o schismatical_a ordination_n of_o novatian_n 243._o tell_v he_o that_o one_o of_o the_o bishop_n that_o ordain_v he_o return_v after_o to_o the_o church_n with_o tear_n bewail_v his_o offence_n who_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o people_n he_o receive_v unto_o lay-communion_n the_o same_o cyprian_a writing_n about_o this_o very_a case_n relate_v of_o trophimus_n who_o be_v either_o the_o very_a bishop_n mention_v by_o cornelius_n 69._o or_o one_o of_o his_o colleague_n that_o return_v to_o the_o church_n with_o great_a demonstration_n of_o repentance_n he_o be_v readmit_v but_o no_o otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o capacity_n of_o a_o layman_n 114._o and_o speak_v elsewhere_o of_o basilides_n his_o repentance_n he_o tell_v we_o he_o have_v no_o thought_n of_o retain_v his_o bishopric_n nicen_n make_v account_n he_o be_v very_o well_o deal_v with_o if_o upon_o his_o repentance_n he_o may_v but_o communicate_v as_o a_o laic_a and_o be_v receive_v among_o the_o number_n of_o the_o faithful_a this_o s._n basil_n tell_v we_o be_v a_o ancient_a canon_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n and_o according_o ordain_v that_o a_o deacon_n guilty_a of_o fornication_n shall_v be_v depose_v from_o his_o office_n and_o be_v thrust_v down_o into_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o laity_n shall_v in_o that_o quality_n be_v admit_v to_o communion_n indeed_o they_o strive_v by_o all_o way_n imaginable_a to_o discourage_v sin_n never_o think_v the_o curb_n strong_a enough_o so_o they_o may_v but_o keep_v person_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o order_n and_o regularity_n insomuch_o that_o by_o some_o the_o string_n be_v stretch_v too_o far_o and_o all_o pardon_v deny_v to_o they_o that_o have_v sin_v this_o uncomfortable_a doctrine_n be_v if_o not_o first_o coin_v yet_o main_o vend_v by_o the_o novatian_a party_n for_o novatus_n s._n cyprian_n presbyter_n be_v suspend_v by_o he_o for_o his_o vile_a enormity_n flee_v over_o to_o rome_n and_o there_o join_v himself_o to_o novatian_n a_o presbyter_n of_o that_o church_n these_o two_o name_n be_v frequent_o confound_v by_o the_o greek_a writer_n who_o ambitious_o seek_v to_o make_v himself_o bishop_n and_o to_o thrust_v out_o cornelius_n new_o elect_v into_o that_o see_v 214._o but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o compass_v his_o design_n between_o they_o they_o start_v this_o among_o other_o heretical_a opinion_n that_o the_o lapse_v who_o through_o fear_n of_o suffer_v have_v fall_v in_o the_o time_n of_o persecution_n be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o repentance_n and_o that_o though_o they_o shall_v never_o so_o oft_o confess_v their_o sin_n and_o never_o so_o sincere_o forsake_v they_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o salvation_n for_o they_o at_o leastwise_o for_o so_o i_o incline_v to_o understand_v they_o that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o church_n to_o absolve_v or_o give_v they_o any_o hope_n of_o pardon_n leave_v they_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n style_v themselves_o and_o not_o only_o as_o balsamon_n affirm_v nicen_n ironical_o style_v by_o other_o by_o the_o name_n of_o cathari_n the_o pure_a and_o undefiled_a party_n but_o they_o be_v herein_o present_o condemn_v by_o a_o synod_n of_o sixty_o bishop_n and_o more_o than_o as_o many_o presbyter_n and_o deacon_n gather_v at_o rome_n and_o the_o decree_n consent_v to_o and_o publish_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n in_o their_o several_a province_n conclude_v that_o novatus_n and_o his_o party_n and_o all_o that_o have_v subscribe_v to_o his_o most_o inhuman_a and_o merciless_a opinion_n shall_v be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o church_n and_o that_o the_o brethren_n who_o in_o that_o sad_a calamity_n have_v fall_v from_o their_o profession_n shall_v be_v heal_v and_o restore_v by_o the_o art_n and_o method_n of_o repentance_n which_o bring_v we_o to_o consider_v 〈…〉_z three_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n offender_n be_v deal_v with_o both_z as_o to_o their_o suspension_n and_o penance_n and_o as_o to_o their_o absolution_n this_o affair_n be_v usual_o manage_v after_o this_o order_n at_o their_o public_a assembly_n as_o we_o find_v in_o tertullian_n among_o other_o part_n of_o their_o holy_a exercise_n 31._o there_o be_v exhortation_n reproof_n and_o a_o divine_a censure_n for_o the_o judgement_n be_v give_v with_o great_a weight_n as_o among_o those_o that_o be_v sure_a that_o god_n behold_v what_o they_o do_v and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o high_a praeludium_n and_o forerunner_n of_o the_o judgement_n to_o come_v when_o the_o delinquent_a person_n be_v banish_v from_o the_o communion_n of_o prayer_n assembly_n and_o all_o holy_a commerce_n by_o this_o passage_n we_o clear_o see_v that_o the_o first_o thing_n in_o this_o solemn_a action_n be_v to_o make_v reproof_n and_o exhortation_n thereby_o to_o bring_v the_o offender_n to_o the_o sight_n and_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o fault_n then_o the_o sentence_n or_o censure_n be_v pass_v upon_o he_o whereby_o he_o be_v suspend_v not_o only_o from_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n but_o from_o all_o holy_a commerce_n in_o any_o especial_o public_a duty_n of_o religion_n we_o can_v imagine_v that_o in_o every_o person_n
that_o stand_v under_o this_o capacity_n a_o formal_a sentence_n be_v always_o denounce_v against_o he_o it_o be_v many_o time_n sufficient_a that_o the_o fact_n he_o have_v do_v be_v evident_a and_o notorious_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lapse_v that_o have_v offer_v sacrifice_n for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o offender_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la excommunicate_a and_o all_o religious_a commerce_n forbear_v towards_o he_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o martyr_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v more_o anon_o find_v such_o lapse_v person_n true_o penitent_a do_v receive_v they_o into_o private_a communion_n h._n so_o do_v those_o martyr_n dionysius_n alexandrinus_n speak_v of_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o fabius_n bishop_n of_o antioch_n 241._o they_o take_v the_o penitent_n that_o have_v fall_v into_o idolatry_n into_o their_o company_n and_o communicate_v with_o they_o both_o at_o prayer_n and_o meal_n but_o to_o public_a communion_n they_o be_v never_o admit_v till_o they_o have_v exact_o fulfil_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n which_o principal_o consist_v in_o many_o severe_a act_n of_o repentance_n and_o mortification_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n during_o this_o space_n of_o penance_n they_o appear_v in_o all_o the_o formality_n of_o sorrow_n and_o mourning_n 127._o in_o a_o sordid_a and_o squalid_a habit_n 197._o with_o a_o sad_a countenance_n and_o a_o head_n hang_v down_o with_o tear_n in_o their_o eye_n stand_v without_o at_o the_o church_n door_n for_o they_o be_v not_o suffer_v to_o enter_v in_o fall_v down_o upon_o their_o knee_n to_o the_o minister_n as_o they_o go_v in_o and_o beg_v the_o prayer_n of_o all_o good_a christian_n for_o themselves_o with_o all_o the_o expression_n and_o demonstration_n of_o a_o sorrowful_a and_o deject_a mind_n reckon_v the_o low_a they_o lay_v in_o repentance_n the_o high_a it_o will_v exalt_v they_o the_o more_o sordid_a they_o appear_v the_o more_o they_o shall_v be_v cleanse_v and_o purify_v the_o less_o they_o spare_v themselves_o the_o more_o god_n will_v spare_v they_o at_o these_o time_n also_o they_o make_v open_a confession_n of_o their_o fault_n this_o be_v account_v the_o very_a spring_n of_o repentance_n and_o without_o which_o they_o conclude_v it_o can_v not_o be_v real_a ibid._n out_o of_o confession_n say_v tertullian_n be_v bear_v repentance_n and_o by_o repentance_n god_n be_v pacify_v and_o therefore_o without_o this_o neither_o riches_n nor_o honour_n will_v procure_v any_o admission_n into_o the_o church_n thus_o eusebius_n report_v 232._o that_o when_o philippus_n the_o emperor_n will_v have_v go_v in_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o christian_n upon_o easter-eve_n to_o have_v partake_v of_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o church_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o place_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n suffer_v it_o unless_o he_o first_o make_v confession_n of_o his_o sin_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o order_n of_o the_o penitent_n be_v guilty_a of_o very_o great_a and_o enormous_a sin_n which_o it_o be_v say_v he_o very_o willing_o submit_v to_o testify_v by_o his_o action_n his_o real_a and_o religious_a fear_n of_o the_o divine_a majesty_n this_o story_n though_o as_o to_o the_o main_a of_o it_o it_o may_v be_v true_a yet_o as_o fasten_v upon_o philip_n the_o emperor_n i_o have_v former_o show_v it_o to_o be_v false_a and_o that_o it_o be_v rather_o mean_v of_o one_o philippus_n who_o be_v governor_n in_o egypt_n and_o profess_v himself_o a_o christian_n but_o however_o this_o be_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o person_n as_o great_a as_o he_o theodosius_n the_o great_a for_o his_o bloody_a and_o barbarous_a slaughter_n of_o the_o thessalonian_n be_v by_o s._n ambrose_n bishop_n of_o milan_n suspend_v bring_v to_o public_a confession_n and_o force_v to_o undergo_v a_o severe_a course_n of_o penance_n for_o eight_o month_n together_o when_o after_o great_a demonstration_n of_o a_o hearty_a sorrow_n and_o sincere_a repentance_n not_o more_o rigid_o impose_v upon_o he_o than_o ready_o and_o willing_o receive_v by_o he_o after_o his_o usual_a prostration_n in_o the_o church_n as_o if_o unworthy_a either_o to_o stand_v or_o kneel_v cry_v out_o in_o the_o word_n of_o david_n my_o soul_n cleave_v unto_o the_o dust_n quicken_v thou_o i_o according_a to_o thy_o word_n after_o have_v oft_o tear_v his_o hair_n beat_v his_o forehead_n water_v his_o cheek_n with_o tear_n and_o humble_o beg_v peace_n and_o pardon_n he_o be_v absolve_v and_o restore_v to_o communion_n with_o the_o church_n of_o which_o passage_n they_o who_o will_v know_v more_o may_v find_v the_o story_n large_o relate_v by_o theodoret._n 15._o this_o severity_n be_v use_v towards_o offender_n partly_o to_o make_v they_o more_o sensible_a of_o their_o sin_n partly_o to_o affright_v and_o deter_v other_o but_o principal_o to_o give_v satisfaction_n both_o to_o god_n and_o his_o church_n concern_v the_o reality_n and_o sincerity_n of_o their_o repentance_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o these_o penance_n in_o the_o write_n of_o those_o time_n be_v so_o often_o call_v satisfaction_n for_o whenever_o those_o father_n use_n the_o word_n it_o be_v either_o with_o respect_n to_o man_n or_o god_n if_o to_o man_n than_o the_o meaning_n be_v that_o by_o these_o external_a act_n of_o sorrow_n and_o mortification_n they_o satisfy_v the_o church_n of_o their_o repentance_n 3._o and_o make_v reparation_n for_o those_o offence_n and_o scandal_n which_o they_o have_v give_v by_o their_o sin_n if_o to_o god_n then_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o man_n fault_n and_o the_o beg_n of_o pardon_n and_o remission_n 177._o thus_o cyprian_n speak_v of_o the_o state_n of_o impenitent_a sinner_n aggravate_v it_o by_o this_o that_o they_o do_v peccare_fw-la nec_fw-la satisfacere_fw-la sin_n but_o make_v no_o satisfaction_n i.e._n as_o in_o the_o very_a next_o word_n he_o explain_v it_o they_o do_v not_o peccata_fw-la deflere_fw-la confess_v and_o bewail_v their_o sin_n 173_o and_o before_o discourse_v about_o god_n be_v the_o only_a object_n of_o tear_n and_o sorrow_n for_o sin_n which_o be_v to_o be_v address_v to_o god_n and_o not_o man_n he_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v god_n that_o be_v to_o be_v appease_v by_o satisfaction_n that_o he_o be_v great_o offend_v be_v to_o be_v entreat_v by_o a_o long_a and_o full_a repentance_n as_o be_v alone_o able_a to_o pardon_v those_o sin_n that_o be_v commit_v against_o he_o so_o that_o the_o satisfaction_n which_o they_o reckon_v they_o make_v to_o god_n consist_v in_o seek_v to_o avert_v his_o displeasure_n and_o to_o regain_v his_o forfeit_a favour_n by_o a_o deep_a contrition_n and_o sorrow_n for_o sin_n by_o a_o real_a acknowledgement_n and_o forsake_v of_o their_o fault_n and_o by_o a_o humble_a give_v to_o god_n the_o glory_n both_o of_o his_o mercy_n and_o his_o justice_n 127_o thence_o confession_n be_v call_v by_o tertullian_n the_o counsel_n or_o intendment_n of_o satisfaction_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o describe_v it_o thus_o confession_n say_v he_o be_v that_o whereby_o we_o acknowledge_v our_o offence_n to_o god_n not_o as_o if_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o but_o inasmuch_o as_o by_o confession_n satisfaction_n be_v forward_v by_o confession_n repentance_n be_v produce_v and_o by_o repentance_n god_n be_v appease_v the_o same_o both_o he_o cyprian_a and_o other_o frequent_o use_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n which_o i_o note_v the_o rather_o because_o of_o that_o absurd_a and_o impious_a doctrine_n so_o currant_n among_o the_o papist_n and_o which_o they_o pretend_v to_o derive_v from_o these_o very_a father_n that_o by_o work_n of_o penance_n compensation_n be_v make_v to_o god_n for_o the_o debt_n of_o punishment_n that_o be_v contract_v whereby_o at_o least_o the_o temporal_a penalty_n due_a to_o sin_n be_v meritorious_o expiate_v and_o do_v away_o but_o this_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v flat_o repugnant_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiquity_n how_o much_o it_o be_v derogatory_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o divine_a grace_n and_o the_o infinite_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o stand_v to_o dispute_v to_o return_v therefore_o this_o term_n of_o penance_n be_v usual_o exact_v with_o great_a rigour_n and_o seldom_o dispense_v with_o no_o indulgence_n or_o admission_n be_v grant_v till_o the_o full_a time_n be_v complete_v therefore_o cyprian_n smart_o chide_v with_o some_o presbyter_n who_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o absolve_v the_o lapse_v before_o their_o time_n 21._o and_o that_o whereas_o in_o lesser_a offence_n man_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o just_a time_n of_o penance_n and_o to_o observe_v the_o order_n of_o discipline_n they_o in_o a_o crime_n of_o so_o heinous_a a_o nature_n have_v hand_n over_o head_n admit_v they_o to_o communion_n before_o they_o have_v go_v through_o their_o penance_n
elevation_n of_o their_o mind_n the_o lift_v up_o their_o thought_n from_o low_a sordid_a object_n to_o those_o spiritual_a and_o divine_a thing_n they_o be_v then_o conversant_a about_o but_o what_o ever_o they_o do_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o public_a service_n they_o constant_o stand_v up_o at_o the_o read_n of_o the_o gospel_n a_o custom_n general_o embrace_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n 734._o therefore_o sozomen_n discourse_v of_o the_o various_a right_n observe_v in_o several_a church_n note_n it_o as_o a_o unusual_a thing_n in_o the_o bishop_n of_o alexandria_n that_o he_o do_v not_o rise_v up_o when_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v a_o thing_n say_v he_o which_o i_o never_o see_v nor_o hear_v of_o in_o any_o other_o place_n 29._o and_o philostorgius_n tell_v we_o of_o theophilus_n the_o indian_a bishop_n that_o among_o several_a irregularity_n which_o he_o correct_v in_o those_o church_n he_o particular_o reform_v this_o that_o the_o people_n be_v wont_a to_o sit_v while_o the_o lesson_n out_o of_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v to_o they_o nor_o do_v the_o great_a personage_n think_v themselves_o too_o high_a to_o express_v this_o piece_n of_o reverence_n in_o their_o attendance_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o king_n it_o be_v very_o memorable_a what_o we_o read_v concern_v the_o great_a constantine_n that_o when_o upon_o occasion_n eusebius_n be_v to_o make_v a_o panegyric_n concern_v the_o sepulchre_n of_o our_o saviour_n vit_fw-fr though_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o church_n 542._o but_o in_o the_o palace_n yet_o he_o refuse_v to_o sit_v all_o the_o time_n and_o when_o eusebius_n beseech_v he_o to_o sit_v down_o in_o his_o throne_n that_o be_v hard_o by_o he_o he_o will_v not_o but_o attentive_o hear_v judge_v and_o approve_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v speak_v and_o when_o after_o a_o good_a while_n the_o sermon_n have_v be_v prolix_a eusebius_n out_o of_o compliance_n will_v have_v break_v off_o and_o do_v he_o call_v to_o he_o to_o go_v on_o till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o full_a end_n of_o his_o discourse_n whereupon_o he_o be_v again_o solicit_v to_o sit_v down_o but_o refuse_v affirm_v it_o to_o be_v unfit_a to_o attend_v upon_o any_o discourse_n concern_v god_n and_o much_o more_o at_o this_o time_n with_o ease_n and_o softness_n and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o consonant_a to_o piety_n and_o religion_n that_o discourse_n about_o divine_a thing_n shall_v be_v hear_v stand_v so_o great_a a_o reverence_n have_v that_o excellent_a prince_n for_o the_o solemnity_n of_o divine_a worship_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o these_o holy_a exercise_n as_o they_o carry_v themselves_o with_o all_o seriousness_n and_o gravity_n so_o they_o continue_v in_o they_o till_o they_o be_v complete_o finish_v there_o be_v then_o no_o such_o airiness_n and_o levity_n as_o now_o possess_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n no_o snatch_v at_o some_o piece_n of_o the_o worship_n tanquam_fw-la canis_fw-la ad_fw-la nilum_n and_o go_v again_o no_o rude_a disorderly_a depart_v the_o congregation_n till_o the_o whole_a worship_n and_o service_n of_o god_n be_v over_o and_o therefore_o when_o this_o warmth_n and_o vigour_n of_o the_o first_o age_n be_v a_o little_a abate_v the_o council_n of_o orleans_n think_v good_a to_o re-establish_a the_o primitive_a devotion_n by_o this_o canon_n 22._o that_o when_o the_o people_n come_v together_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n they_o shall_v not_o depart_v till_o the_o whole_a solemnity_n be_v over_o and_o the_o bishop_n or_o presbyter_n have_v give_v the_o blessing_n chap._n x._o of_o baptism_n and_o the_o administration_n of_o it_o in_o the_o primitive_a church_n four_o circumstance_n consider_v baptism_n by_o who_o administer_v by_o none_o usual_o without_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o bishop_n the_o great_a controversy_n about_o rebaptising_a those_o that_o have_v be_v baptize_v by_o heretic_n a_o account_n of_o it_o out_o of_o cyprian_a layman_n how_o suffer_v to_o baptize_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o baptism_n the_o case_n of_o athanasius_n his_o baptise_v when_o but_o a_o child_n woman_n never_o permit_v to_o baptize_v person_n to_o be_v baptize_v who_o infant_n sufficient_a evidence_n for_o infant-baptism_n in_o the_o ancient_a writer_n of_o the_o church_n some_o passage_n out_o of_o cyprian_a note_v the_o baptize_v mostwhat_a adult_n person_n the_o state_v time_n of_o baptism_n easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n and_o why_o especial_o upon_o easter_n eve_n and_o why_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n at_o any_o other_o time_n clinici_fw-la who_o clinic-baptism_n account_v less_o perfect_a why_o usual_a to_o defer_v baptism_n till_o a_o deathbed_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o note_v in_o constantine_n and_o other_o be_v baptize_v for_o the_o dead_a what_o probable_o the_o usual_a place_n of_o baptism_n in_o or_o near_o the_o church_n always_o before_o the_o congregation_n the_o baptisterium_fw-la or_o font_n where_o it_o stand_v and_o how_o large_a it_o be_v distinct_a apartment_n for_o man_n and_o woman_n a_o curiosity_n in_o many_o in_o those_o time_n of_o be_v baptize_v in_o jordan_n and_o why_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o administration_n the_o person_n baptize_v look_v towards_o the_o west_n and_o why_o their_o answer_v as_o to_o the_o profession_n of_o their_o faith_n their_o solemn_a abrenunciation_n make_v twice_o and_o the_o form_n of_o it_o surety_n in_o baptism_n person_n baptize_v exorcise_v what_o mean_v by_o it_o unction_n upon_o what_o account_n use_v several_a reason_n of_o it_o assign_v by_o the_o father_n the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n make_v in_o baptism_n evident_a out_o of_o the_o ancient_a father_n of_o immersion_n or_o put_v the_o person_n under_o water_n what_o it_o shadow_v out_o general_o in_o use_n in_o those_o country_n not_o absolute_o necessary_a in_o other_o trine_n immersion_n different_a reason_n of_o it_o assign_v by_o the_o father_n it_o obtain_v not_o in_o spain_n and_o why_o a_o second_o unction_n person_n after_o baptism_n clothe_v in_o white_a garment_n and_o why_o these_o keep_v in_o the_o church_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o their_o solemn_a engagement_n a_o memorable_a instance_n out_o of_o victor_n uticensis_n a_o brief_a account_n of_o confirmation_n the_o neglect_n of_o it_o bewail_v our_o lord_n have_v institute_v baptism_n and_o the_o lord_n supper_n as_o the_o two_o great_a sacrament_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n they_o have_v according_o be_v ever_o account_v principal_a part_n of_o public_a worship_n in_o the_o christian_a church_n we_o shall_v treat_v first_o of_o baptism_n as_o be_v the_o door_n by_o which_o person_n enter_v in_o the_o great_a and_o solemn_a rite_n of_o our_o initiation_n into_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n concern_v which_o four_o circumstance_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v inquire_v into_o the_o person_n by_o and_o upon_o who_o the_o time_n when_o the_o place_n where_o the_o manner_n how_o this_o sacrament_n be_v administer_v in_o the_o ancient_a church_n for_o the_o person_n by_o who_o this_o sacrament_n be_v administer_v they_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n the_o steward_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o christ_n baptise_v and_o preach_v the_o gospel_n be_v join_v together_o by_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o same_o commission_n usual_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o bishop_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o j._n martyr_n the_o antistes_fw-la in_o tertullian_n the_o precedent_n or_o chief_a minister_n of_o the_o congregation_n the_o summus_fw-la sacerdos_fw-la qui_fw-la est_fw-la episcopus_fw-la as_o he_o call_v he_o without_o who_o leave_n and_o authority_n neither_o presbyter_n nor_o deacon_n may_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o baptize_v 6._o as_o not_o only_a ignatius_n but_o tertullian_n express_o tell_v we_o and_o if_o they_o do_v 230._o it_o be_v only_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o be_v affirm_v by_o a_o ancient_a author_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_o the_o time_n of_o cyprian_a 138._o the_o same_o s._n hierom_n assure_v we_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o his_o time_n though_o otherwhiles_o we_o find_v the_o bishop_n to_o begin_v the_o action_n 139._o and_o the_o presbyter_n to_o carry_v it_o on_o and_o finish_v it_o 1._o but_o as_o christianity_n increase_v this_o become_v a_o more_o familiar_a part_n of_o the_o presbyter_n and_o the_o deacon_n office_n and_o doubtless_o have_v be_v more_o or_o less_o execute_v by_o they_o from_o the_o beginning_n though_o out_o of_o reverence_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o church_n as_o tertullian_n give_v the_o reason_n they_o do_v it_o not_o without_o his_o leave_n and_o deputation_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o philip_n baptize_v the_o eunuch_n who_o yet_o be_v of_o no_o high_a order_n than_o that_o of_o deacon_n nor_o be_v it_o account_v enough_o by_o some_o in_o those_o time_n that_o baptism_n be_v confer_v by_o a_o person_n call_v to_o the_o ministry_n unless_o he_o be_v
also_o orthodox_n in_o the_o faith_n this_o become_v matter_n of_o great_a bustle_n in_o the_o church_n hence_o spring_v that_o famous_a controversy_n between_o cyprian_a and_o stephen_n bishop_n of_o rome_n concern_v the_o rebaptising_a those_o that_o have_v be_v baptize_v by_o heretic_n of_o which_o there_o be_v so_o much_o in_o cyprian_n write_n cyprian_n assert_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v rebaptise_v the_o other_o as_o stiff_o maintain_v it_o to_o be_v both_o against_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n this_o beget_v great_a heat_n and_o feud_n between_o those_o good_a man_n and_o engage_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a christian_a church_n in_o the_o quarrel_n cyprian_n endeavour_v to_o strengthen_v his_o cause_n not_o only_o by_o argument_n from_o scripture_n but_o by_o call_v a_o council_n at_o carthage_n of_o eighty_o seven_o african_a bishop_n who_o all_o conclude_v for_o his_o opinion_n how_o true_o cyprian_n maintain_v this_o i_o be_o not_o concern_v to_o inquire_v only_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o two_o thing_n which_o he_o and_o his_o follower_n plead_v by_o way_n of_o abatement_n to_o the_o rigour_n of_o their_o opinion_n council_n first_o that_o hereby_o they_o do_v not_o assert_v rebaptisation_a to_o be_v lawful_a this_o they_o express_o deny_v to_o receive_v any_o patronage_n from_o their_o practice_n 286._o for_o they_o look_v upon_o that_o baptism_n that_o have_v be_v confer_v by_o heretic_n as_o null_n and_o invalid_a see_v heretic_n be_v out_o of_o the_o church_n can_v not_o give_v what_o they_o have_v not_o and_o therefore_o when_o any_o return_v to_o the_o union_n of_o the_o church_n they_o can_v not_o proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v rebaptise_v see_v they_o do_v but_o receive_v what_o lawful_o they_o have_v not_o before_o 9_o second_o that_o they_o do_v not_o promiscuous_o baptize_v all_o that_o come_v over_o from_o heretical_a church_n for_o where_o any_o have_v be_v lawful_o baptize_v by_o orthodox_n minister_n before_o their_o go_v over_o to_o they_o these_o they_o receive_v at_o their_o return_n without_o any_o other_o ceremony_n than_o imposition_n of_o hand_n baptise_v those_o only_o who_o never_o have_v any_o other_o baptism_n than_o that_o which_o heretic_n have_v confer_v upon_o they_o cyprian_n be_v thus_o severe_a against_o baptism_n dispense_v by_o heretical_a minister_n we_o may_v wonder_v what_o he_o think_v of_o that_o which_o be_v administer_v by_o mere_a lay-unordained_n person_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o uncommon_a in_o those_o time_n for_o that_o layman_n provide_v they_o be_v christian_n and_o baptize_v themselves_o might_n and_o do_v baptize_v other_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n be_v so_o positive_o assert_v by_o tertullian_n citat_fw-la hierom_n and_o other_o that_o no_o man_n can_v doubt_v of_o it_o a_o custom_n ratify_v by_o the_o father_n of_o the_o illiberine_n council_n 38._o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o if_o the_o person_n so_o baptize_v live_v they_o shall_v receive_v confirmation_n from_o the_o bishop_n this_o without_o question_n arise_v from_o a_o opinion_n they_o have_v of_o the_o absolute_a and_o indispensable_a necessity_n of_o baptism_n without_o which_o they_o scarce_o think_v a_o man_n future_a condition_n can_v be_v safe_a and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v better_o it_o shall_v be_v have_v from_o any_o than_o to_o depart_v this_o life_n without_o it_o for_o except_v the_o case_n of_o martyr_n who_o they_o think_v sufficient_o qualify_v for_o heaven_n by_o be_v baptize_v in_o their_o own_o blood_n 61._o insist_v upon_o a_o twofold_a baptism_n one_o of_o water_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n another_o of_o blood_n in_o the_o time_n of_o persecution_n answerable_a to_o the_o water_n and_o blood_n that_o flow_v out_o of_o our_o saviour_n side_n except_v these_o they_o reckon_v no_o man_n can_v be_v save_v without_o be_v baptize_v and_o care_v not_o much_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n so_o they_o have_v it_o how_o they_o come_v by_o it_o as_o for_o that_o act_n of_o athanasius_n mention_v by_o the_o author_n of_o his_o life_n in_o photius_n 1429._o and_o more_o large_o relate_v by_o sozomen_n when_o a_o boy_n play_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o companion_n 467._o they_o form_v themselves_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o church-society_n athanasius_n be_v choose_v bishop_n and_o other_o personate_v the_o catechuman_n ready_a to_o be_v baptize_v and_o be_v according_o with_o all_o the_o usual_a formality_n baptize_v by_o athanasius_n this_o juvenile_a ceremony_n be_v end_v they_o be_v bring_v before_o alexander_n the_o then_o bishop_n of_o alexandria_n who_o have_v himself_o behold_v the_o whole_a scene_n who_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n and_o have_v consult_v with_o his_o clergy_n that_o be_v about_o he_o conclude_v that_o those_o child_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v rebaptise_v and_o therefore_o only_o add_v his_o confirmation_n to_o they_o but_o this_o be_v only_o a_o particular_a case_n and_o the_o like_v not_o mention_v that_o i_o remember_v by_o any_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n i_o only_o relate_v it_o as_o i_o find_v it_o but_o though_o this_o power_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n be_v allow_v to_o man_n who_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v the_o ministerial_a office_n confer_v upon_o they_o yet_o be_v it_o ever_o deny_v to_o woman_n who_o the_o apostle_n have_v so_o express_o forbid_v to_o exercise_v any_o ministry_n in_o the_o church_n of_o god_n and_o according_o censure_v in_o the_o apostolical_a constitution_n 41._o to_o be_v not_o only_o dangerous_a but_o unlawful_a and_o impious_a indeed_o in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o heretic_n woman_n even_o in_o those_o time_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o baptize_v 79._o but_o it_o be_v universal_o condemn_v and_o cry_v out_o against_o by_o the_o orthodox_n ritual_a and_o constant_o affix_v as_o a_o note_n of_o dishonour_n and_o reproach_n upon_o the_o heretical_a party_n of_o those_o time_n sacram._n as_o abundant_o appear_v from_o tertullian_n 9_o epiphanius_n and_o other_o who_o record_v the_o heretical_a doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o those_o first_o age_n of_o the_o church_n however_o afterward_o it_o creep_v in_o in_o some_o place_n and_o be_v allow_v and_o practise_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n where_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n they_o give_v leave_v that_o it_o may_v be_v administer_v by_o any_o and_o in_o any_o language_n whether_o the_o person_n administer_a be_v a_o clergy_n or_o a_o layman_n yea_o though_o under_o excommunication_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o believer_n or_o a_o infidel_n a_o catholic_n or_o a_o heretic_n a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n only_o take_v care_n that_o if_o it_o may_v be_v a_o priest_n be_v prefer_v before_o a_o deacon_n a_o deacon_n before_o a_o subdeacon_n a_o clergy_n man_n before_o a_o laic_a and_o a_o man_n before_o a_o woman_n together_o with_o some_o other_o case_n which_o be_v there_o wise_o provide_v for_o from_o the_o person_n minister_a we_o proceed_v to_o the_o person_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v confer_v and_o they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n infant_n and_o adult_a person_n how_o far_o the_o baptise_v of_o infant_n be_v include_v in_o our_o saviour_n institution_n be_v not_o my_o work_n to_o dispute_v but_o certain_o if_o in_o controvert_v case_n the_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o church_n and_o those_o who_o immediate_o succeed_v the_o apostle_n be_v as_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v it_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n the_o dispute_n one_o will_v think_v shall_v be_v at_o a_o end_n for_o that_o it_o always_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o receive_v the_o child_n of_o christian_a parent_n into_o the_o church_n by_o baptism_n we_o have_v sufficient_a evidence_n from_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o most_o early_a writer_n seq_n irenaeus_n tertullian_n origen_n cyprian_n etc._n etc._n who_o testimony_n i_o do_v not_o produce_v because_o i_o find_v they_o collect_v by_o other_o seq_n and_o the_o argument_n thence_o so_o forcible_a and_o conclusive_a that_o the_o most_o zealous_a opposer_n of_o infant_n baptism_n know_v not_o how_o to_o evade_v it_o the_o testimony_n be_v so_o clear_a 2._o and_o not_o the_o least_o shadow_n that_o i_o know_v of_o in_o those_o time_n of_o any_o thing_n to_o make_v against_o it_o there_o be_v indeed_o in_o cyprian_n time_n a_o controversy_n about_o the_o baptise_v of_o infant_n not_o whether_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v baptize_v for_o of_o that_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o concern_v the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v to_o be_v administer_v whether_o on_o the_o second_o or_o three_o or_o whether_o as_o circumcision_n of_o old_a to_o be_v defer_v till_o the_o eight_o day_n for_o the_o determine_n of_o which_o cyprian_n sit_v in_o council_n with_o sixty_o six_o bishop_n write_v a_o synodical_a epistle_n to_o fidus_n 97._o to_o let_v he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v not_o