vow_n must_v be_v annex_v to_o order_n either_o by_o divine_a right_n or_o only_o by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o church_n if_o the_o former_a that_o be_v indeed_o sufficient_a but_o than_o it_o be_v absolute_o false_a as_o we_o prove_v in_o the_o first_o proposition_n and_o bellarmine_n 18._o express_o acknowledge_v and_o may_v be_v further_o evince_v by_o this_o argument_n that_o then_o neither_o the_o church_n nor_o the_o pope_n can_v grant_v a_o dispensation_n of_o marriage_n to_o any_o of_o the_o clergy_n if_o it_o be_v annex_v only_o by_o ecclesiastical_a right_n or_o command_v of_o the_o church_n than_o our_o former_a argument_n will_v return_v with_o more_o force_n for_o he_o who_o in_o receive_v of_o order_n shall_v omit_v to_o make_v that_o tacit_n vow_n will_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o so_o much_o as_o a_o lie_n or_o dissimulation_n he_o neglect_v indeed_o the_o command_n of_o the_o church_n but_o a_o vow_n he_o neither_o make_v nor_o pretend_v to_o make_v so_o that_o there_o remain_v only_o a_o presumptive_a vow_n the_o truth_n of_o which_o reside_v in_o every_o man_n breast_n and_o conscience_n so_o that_o none_o ought_v to_o be_v exclude_v from_o marriage_n by_o a_o vow_n even_o suppose_v it_o valid_a and_o inviolable_a but_o those_o who_o shall_v confess_v they_o make_v it_o and_o therefore_o the_o author_n of_o the_o gloss_n olim_fw-la upon_o the_o decretal_n of_o gregory_n ix_o profess_v that_o himself_o and_o many_o other_o doctor_n with_o he_o can_v imagine_v how_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o western_a church_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v oblige_v by_o vow_n to_o continence_n this_o be_v enough_o to_o silence_v the_o plea_n of_o a_o tacit_n vow_n yet_o i_o shall_v add_v somewhat_o more_o as_o first_o the_o ii_o council_n of_o toledo_n decree_n that_o none_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o have_v vow_v 1._o continence_n but_o those_o who_o be_v ask_v by_o the_o bishop_n promise_v it_o coram_fw-la tota_fw-la plebe_fw-la before_o the_o whole_a congregation_n and_o all_o council_n which_o command_v a_o vow_n to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o clergy_n at_o their_o ordination_n order_n it_o to_o be_v make_v open_o in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n second_o in_o the_o primitive_a church_n many_o be_v ordain_v violent_o and_o against_o their_o will_n so_o st._n augustine_n init_fw-la tell_v donatus_n that_o many_o be_v apprehend_v to_o be_v ordain_v bishop_n keep_v in_o bold_a against_o their_o will_n drag_v shut_v up_o and_o imprison_v and_o suffer_v all_o this_o unwilling_o till_o they_o be_v force_v to_o receive_v ordination_n so_o be_v st._n augustine_n himself_o 4._o seize_v npon_o violent_o by_o the_o people_n of_o hippo_n drag_v to_o their_o bishop_n valerius_n and_o ordain_v amid_o abundance_n of_o tear_n so_o epiphanius_n ordain_v paulinianus_n brother_n of_o st._n hierom_n as_o himself_o confesle_v for_o see_v he_o present_a at_o 156._o divine_a service_n without_o the_o least_o apprehension_n of_o any_o such_o violence_n intend_v against_o he_o he_o command_v the_o deacon_n to_o apprehend_v he_o and_o hold_v his_o mouth_n with_o their_o hand_n and_o in_o that_o posture_n ordain_v he_o deacon_n and_o immediate_o after_o he_o have_v with_o many_o entreaty_n persuade_v he_o to_o do_v somewhat_o at_o the_o altar_n belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o a_o deacon_n command_v he_o to_o be_v anew_o apprehend_v and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n ordain_v he_o priest._n now_o shall_v such_o clergyman_n as_o these_o be_v think_v to_o have_v make_v a_o tacit_n vow_v of_o continence_n at_o their_o ordination_n or_o must_v they_o forfeit_v all_o right_n of_o marry_v or_o if_o already_o marry_v must_v their_o marriage_n be_v dissolve_v and_o against_o their_o will_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o other_o three_o almost_o all_o the_o divine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n agree_v that_o child_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v holy_a order_n many_o example_n of_o it_o have_v be_v see_v in_o that_o church_n and_o at_o this_o day_n aethiop_n great_a number_n of_o child_n be_v ordain_v priest_n and_o deacon_n in_o the_o abyssine_a church_n four_o 976._o gregory_n thaumaturgus_n be_v ordain_v bishop_n of_o neocaesarea_n by_o phadimus_fw-la of_o amasea_n absent_a and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o dream_v of_o it_o now_o shall_v either_o he_o or_o those_o child_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v make_v a_o vow_n of_o continence_n at_o their_o ordination_n when_o the_o first_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o make_v a_o vow_n the_o second_o do_v not_o know_v that_o he_o be_v ordain_v last_o suppose_v this_o vow_n to_o have_v be_v open_o and_o explicit_o make_v grant_v it_o to_o have_v be_v intend_v and_o none_o of_o all_o these_o many_o necessary_a circumstance_n want_v yet_o will_v it_o not_o oblige_v if_o it_o be_v not_o accept_v by_o god._n for_o that_o the_o vow_n be_v make_v to_o god_n not_o to_o the_o church_n all_o agree_v so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o accept_v by_o god_n it_o become_v only_o a_o simple_a resolution_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o every_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o change_v as_o he_o shall_v see_v good_a now_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v god_n accept_v this_o vow_n unless_o it_o be_v either_o for_o some_o excellency_n and_o holiness_n in_o celibacy_n or_o because_o himself_o command_v it_o both_o which_o we_o before_o disprove_v nay_o rather_o see_v it_o draw_v many_o into_o open_a incontinency_n and_o expose_v all_o to_o the_o danger_n of_o it_o it_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n to_o imagine_v that_o he_o accept_v much_o less_o delight_n in_o such_o vow_n at_o least_o there_o be_v no_o promise_n of_o acceptance_n and_o therefore_o the_o obligation_n of_o these_o vow_n will_v ever_o be_v uncertain_a i_o pass_v to_o the_o second_o proposition_n that_o a_o vow_n of_o continence_n oblige_v not_o in_o case_n of_o insuperable_a incontinence_n for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v oblige_v by_o vow_n or_o even_o the_o great_a authority_n upon_o earth_n to_o commit_v a_o sin_n which_o in_o this_o case_n will_v be_v inevitable_a unless_o the_o vow_n be_v violate_v and_o that_o case_n of_o insuperable_a incontinence_n without_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n may_v and_o do_v often_o happen_v i_o prove_v before_o when_o i_o demonstrate_v that_o all_o can_v contain_v and_o certain_o if_o in_o temporal_a affair_n no_o vow_n contract_n or_o promise_n oblige_v in_o case_n of_o a_o natural_a impossibility_n much_o more_o will_v it_o not_o oblige_v in_o case_n of_o moral_a impossibility_n by_o how_o much_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v of_o more_o concern_n than_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o body_n but_o i_o will_v not_o further_o enlarge_v upon_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o evident_a i_o choose_v rather_o to_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o not_o only_o in_o case_n of_o impossibility_n but_o even_o of_o great_a and_o apparent_a difficulty_n a_o vow_n of_o continence_n cease_v to_o oblige_v for_o first_o all_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o pope_n dispense_n power_n proceed_v upon_o this_o foundation_n that_o circumstance_n may_v alter_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o vow_n and_o that_o when_o a_o great_a good_a be_v to_o be_v attain_v it_o cease_v to_o oblige_v and_o indeed_o this_o be_v high_o reasonable_a for_o if_o circumstance_n can_v alter_v the_o nature_n of_o action_n as_o to_o vice_n and_o virtue_n which_o be_v on_o all_o hand_n grant_v than_o a_o vow_n which_o in_o some_o circumstance_n may_v be_v laudable_a or_o at_o least_o lawful_a may_v in_o other_o become_v unlawful_a or_o at_o least_o not_o obligatory_a now_o in_o case_n of_o violent_a although_o perhaps_o not_o insuperable_a temptation_n of_o incontinence_n after_o a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n the_o circumstance_n of_o he_o that_o vow_n be_v alter_v and_o by_o violate_v the_o vow_n a_o great_a good_n may_v be_v attain_v serenity_n of_o mind_n freedom_n from_o unruly_a passion_n and_o a_o escape_n from_o the_o danger_n of_o sin._n not_o in_o this_o only_a but_o in_o many_o other_o case_n also_o the_o diversity_n of_o circumstance_n may_v change_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o vow_n whence_o aquinas_n determine_v that_o sin_n because_o in_o matter_n belong_v to_o himself_o a_o man_n be_v easy_o deceive_v in_o judge_v it_o be_v most_o fit_a such_o vow_n shall_v be_v either_o observe_v or_o omit_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o his_o superior_a yet_o so_o that_o if_o any_o great_a or_o manifest_a inconvenience_n shall_v arise_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o such_o a_o vow_n and_o there_o be_v no_o opportunity_n of_o recur_v to_o the_o superior_a a_o man_n ought_v not_o to_o keep_v such_o a_o vow_n second_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v even_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o a_o vow_n of_o continence_n make_v by_o one_o marry_a person_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o other_o be_v null_a and_o
seem_v to_o accuse_v marriage_n as_o if_o he_o think_v the_o lawful_a pleasure_n of_o it_o to_o be_v impious_a the_o same_o say_v zonaras_n can._n upon_o this_o canon_n this_o be_v also_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o like_a precept_n in_o the_o apostolic_a constitution_n a_o work_n of_o the_o same_o age_n and_o authority_n with_o the_o canon_n where_o the_o apostle_n be_v introduce_v thus_o speak_v 13._o he_o which_o make_v a_o vow_n of_o virginity_n which_o we_o leave_v to_o every_o one_o choice_n only_o advise_v that_o it_o be_v not_o do_v rash_o and_o light_o let_v he_o demonstrate_v his_o profession_n to_o be_v sincere_a and_o undertake_v for_o a_o better_a opportunity_n of_o piety_n not_o for_o dislike_v of_o marriage_n the_o same_o precept_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o interpolated_a epistle_n of_o st._n ignatius_n to_o the_o philadelphinas_fw-la but_o what_o clear_v the_o matter_n beyond_o all_o doubt_n be_v that_o when_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a reject_v the_o motion_n of_o those_o who_o propose_v a_o total_a celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o upon_o the_o persuasion_n of_o paphnutius_fw-la permit_v to_o they_o the_o use_n of_o wife_n marry_v before_o ordination_n they_o form_v a_o decree_n to_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o very_a word_n of_o this_o apostolic_a canon_n 32._o that_o the_o clergy_n ought_v not_o every_o one_o to_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o four_o age_n celibacy_n receive_v great_a advances_n from_o the_o increase_n of_o error_n and_o prejudices_fw-la take_v up_o in_o the_o former_a age_n and_o the_o length_n and_o a_o sharpness_n of_o the_o last_o prosecution_n begin_v by_o dioclesian_n and_o continue_v by_o maximus_n and_o licinius_n which_o infuse_v melancholy_a thought_n into_o all_o christian_n and_o a_o unusual_a reverence_n for_o all_o show_v of_o austerity_n and_o mortification_n then_o be_v marriage_n first_o forbid_v to_o priest_n and_o bishop_n after_o ordination_n by_o a_o judiciary_n act_n of_o the_o church_n but_o that_o form_v in_o a_o provincial_n and_o inconsiderable_a council_n who_o canon_n be_v never_o take_v notice_n of_o or_o ratify_v by_o any_o subsequent_a council_n or_o even_a pope_n till_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o nine_o age_n i_o mean_v the_o council_n of_o neocasarea_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 314._o make_v this_o canon_n 1._o if_o a_o presbyter_n marry_v let_v he_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o order_n but_o if_o he_o commit_v fornication_n or_o adultery_n let_v he_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o church_n and_o put_v to_o penance_n where_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v 1._o that_o this_o canon_n forbid_v not_o the_o use_n of_o wife_n marry_v before_o ordination_n 2._o that_o it_o forbid_v not_o to_o deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n to_o contract_n marriage_n even_o after_o ordination_n 3._o that_o it_o manifest_o distinguish_v between_o fornication_n and_o marriage_n after_o ordination_n 4._o that_o it_o do_v not_o command_v a_o separation_n from_o wife_n so_o marry_v but_o only_o a_o dimission_n of_o the_o holy_a office._n however_o the_o pretension_n of_o celibacy_n receive_v no_o small_a check_n from_o the_o council_n of_o ancyra_n hold_v the_o same_o year_n a_o council_n of_o far_o great_a esteem_n and_o authority_n which_o be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o many_o subsequent_a council_n and_o pope_n particular_o by_o leo_n the_o first_o 1._o and_o who_o canon_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o ancient_a code_n of_o canon_n in_o the_o primitive_a church_n the_o father_n of_o this_o council_n consider_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o force_a celibacy_n and_o right_n which_o all_o man_n have_v to_o marriage_n decree_v 10._o that_o if_o deacon_n yet_o unmarried_a protest_v of_o the_o time_n of_o their_o ordination_n their_o intention_n and_o necessity_n of_o marry_v as_o not_o be_v able_a to_o continue_v unmarried_a they_o may_v marry_v after_o their_o ordination_n and_o continue_v in_o their_o office._n but_o if_o they_o make_v no_o such_o protestation_n of_o their_o ordination_n and_o afterward_o marry_v they_o shall_v relinquish_v their_o office._n the_o pretension_n of_o baronius_n and_o binius_fw-la that_o in_o both_o case_n deacon_n marry_v after_o their_o ordination_n be_v oblige_v to_o lay_v down_o their_o office_n deserve_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v since_o nothing_o can_v be_v invent_v more_o direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o plain_a word_n of_o the_o canon_n it_o be_v more_o considerable_a that_o aristenus_n vi_o extend_v this_o canon_n also_o to_o presbyter_n read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o affirm_v that_o by_o virtue_n of_o it_o both_o presbyter_n and_o deacon_n be_v always_o allow_v marriage_n in_o the_o greek_a church_n after_o ordination_n if_o they_o have_v not_o neglect_v to_o make_v their_o ptotestation_n till_o this_o permission_n be_v repeal_v by_o the_o quinisext_a council_n in_o the_o year_n 692._o that_o this_o canon_n take_v place_n in_o the_o western_a church_n appear_v not_o particular_o except_o from_o the_o universal_a approbation_n of_o the_o act_n of_o this_o ancyran_n council_n although_o somewhat_o like_v it_o be_v enact_v in_o the_o eleven_o council_n of_o toledo_n 1._o in_o the_o year_n 531._o to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v what_o sir_n h._n spelman_n relate_v in_o the_o british_a council_n 43._o that_o restitutus_n bishop_n of_o london_n return_v from_o the_o council_n of_o arles_n in_o the_o year_n 314._o bring_v with_o he_o into_o england_n the_o canon_n of_o that_o council_n among_o which_o one_o be_v this_o very_a canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o ancyra_n indeed_o no_o such_o canon_n be_v now_o find_v in_o the_o act_n of_o the_o council_n of_o arles_n publish_v by_o sirmond_n but_o then_o we_o be_v to_o remember_v that_o these_o act_n be_v not_o entire_a and_o perhaps_o not_o genuine_a the_o decree_n of_o ancyra_n be_v indeed_o favourable_a to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o the_o restless_a importunity_n and_o scandalous_a practice_n of_o the_o sectatour_n of_o celibacy_n oblige_v the_o church_n to_o proceed_v yet_o far_o and_o declare_v itself_o more_o open_o in_o favour_n of_o their_o marriage_n for_o eustathius_n bishop_n of_o sebastea_fw-la in_o armenia_n and_o first_o founder_n of_o a_o monastic_a 24._o life_n in_o armenia_n and_o cappadocia_n have_v form_v a_o new_a but_o then_o plausible_a heresy_n that_o holy_a thing_n and_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o church_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v administer_v by_o the_o marry_a clergy_n and_o that_o the_o people_n ought_v not_o to_o communicate_v from_o their_o hand_n with_o this_o doctrine_n he_o have_v draw_v great_a number_n into_o schism_n and_o create_v no_o small_a disturbance_n in_o the_o church_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o council_n of_o gangra_n meet_v about_o the_o year_n 324._o who_o condemn_v this_o hercsie_n and_o depose_v the_o author_n of_o it_o publish_v this_o follow_a canon_n 4._o if_o any_o one_o separate_v from_o a_o marry_a priest_n as_o if_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o communicate_v when_o he_o officiate_n let_v he_o be_v anathema_n a_o canon_n the_o more_o considerable_a for_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o council_n which_o make_v it_o for_o this_o be_v ever_o most_o repute_v of_o all_o particular_a council_n in_o the_o ancient_a church_n confirm_v by_o many_o general_a council_n and_o pope_n and_o receive_v into_o the_o ancient_a code_n of_o canon_n this_o be_v the_o progress_n and_o condition_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o eastern_a church_n before_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a in_o the_o west_n if_o we_o except_v perhaps_o that_o of_o arles_n for_o the_o roman_a synod_n under_o pope_n sylvester_n be_v confess_o spurious_a no_o council_n have_v determine_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o but_o that_o of_o eliberis_n in_o the_o year_n 305._o which_o ordain_v 33._o that_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n and_o all_o the_o clergy_n place_v in_o the_o ministry_n or_o while_o they_o minister_v shall_v abstain_v from_o their_o wife_n and_o not_o attend_v to_o procreation_n if_o any_o do_v let_v he_o be_v depose_v from_o the_o order_n of_o the_o clergy_n here_o to_o pass_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o mention_v by_o albas_n pinaeâ—…s_n can._n who_o expound_v the_o word_n of_o this_o canon_n in_o their_o grammatical_a sense_n for_o the_o latin_a run_v thus_o we_o absolute_o forbid_v the_o clergy_n to_o abstain_v from_o their_o wife_n in_o which_o case_n it_o will_v be_v coincident_a with_o the_o five_o apostolic_a canon_n our_o adversary_n maintain_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o total_a abstinence_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o their_o wife_n if_o we_o shall_v grant_v this_o it_o will_v not_o much_o prejudice_v our_o cause_n since_o this_o be_v that_o foolish_a council_n which_o forbid_v 34._o candle_n to_o be_v light_v in_o churchyard_n in_o the_o day_n time_n lest_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o dead_a saint_n shall_v be_v disquiet_v a_o council_n of_o so_o little_a reputation_n that_o it_o never_o be_v
clergy_n he_o command_v priest_n and_o deacon_n for_o subdeacons_n he_o mention_n not_o who_o abstain_v not_o from_o their_o wife_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o siricius_n to_o be_v depose_v except_o perhaps_o they_o have_v be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o constitution_n for_o in_o that_o case_n he_o will_v only_o have_v they_o oblige_v to_o continence_n for_o the_o future_a that_o these_o and_o indeed_o all_o the_o first_o twenty_o six_o epistle_n of_o this_o pope_n be_v spurious_a many_o learned_a man_n have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v with_o many_o argument_n but_o i_o will_v not_o insist_v on_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o he_o make_v such_o a_o decree_n celibacy_n be_v then_o fit_v to_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o age_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n after_o innocent_a pope_n leo_n i._o carry_v on_o the_o design_n yet_o further_o and_o in_o a_o epistle_n 4._o to_o anastasius_n bishop_n of_o thessalonica_n forbid_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n to_o subdeacons_n also_o thereby_o perfect_v the_o system_fw-la of_o celibacy_n at_o this_o day_n use_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o same_o constitution_n he_o reinforce_v in_o a_o epistle_n presbyteris_fw-la to_o rusticus_n bishop_n of_o narbon_n prescribe_v the_o same_o law_n of_o continence_n to_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o altar_n viz._n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n as_o to_o bishop_n and_o priest_n these_o be_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o râ—…me_n which_o be_v oâ—…t-times_n renew_v and_o sometime_o relax_v by_o the_o follow_a pope_n as_o for_o the_o western_a council_n of_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a age_n they_o be_v all_o provincial_n and_o pretend_v to_o no_o authority_n out_o of_o their_o own_o province_n the_o council_n of_o orange_n be_v the_o first_o which_o ever_o impose_v total_a abstinence_n upon_o the_o clergy_n it_o be_v a_o convention_n of_o no_o more_o than_o seventeen_o bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 441._o who_o then_o make_v this_o canon_n 23._o if_o any_o one_o after_o he_o have_v receive_v deacon_n order_n be_v find_v incontinent_a with_o his_o wife_n let_v he_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o office._n provide_v in_o the_o follow_a canon_n that_o this_o punishment_n extend_v not_o to_o those_o who_o have_v retain_v the_o use_n of_o their_o wife_n before_o this_o canon_n be_v make_v whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o total_a abstinence_n be_v not_o yet_o enjoin_v to_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o gallican_n church_n by_o any_o public_a authority_n and_o that_o the_o decree_n of_o pope_n innocent_a direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rouen_n and_o tholouse_n as_o act_v out_o of_o his_o own_o patriarchat_n have_v not_o be_v receive_v the_o second_o council_n of_o arles_n in_o the_o year_n 452._o come_v next_o which_o in_o the_o second_o canon_n forbid_v any_o marry_a man_n to_o be_v ordain_v priest_n who_o do_v not_o vow_n continence_n in_o the_o forty_o three_o canon_n extend_v the_o same_o to_o deacon_n in_o the_o forty_o four_o canon_n forbid_v to_o deacon_n the_o use_n of_o marriage_n in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o council_n of_o orange_n in_o the_o three_o canon_n forbid_v bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n to_o keep_v their_o wife_n with_o they_o in_o the_o same_o house_n unless_o they_o also_o have_v vow_v continence_n upon_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n this_o punishment_n be_v think_v too_o great_a and_o be_v therefore_o moderate_v by_o the_o first_o council_n of_o tours_n a._n d._n 461._o who_o enjoin_v 1._o total_a abstinence_n from_o their_o wife_n to_o priest_n and_o deacon_n enact_v 2._o withal_o that_o if_o any_o priest_n or_o deacon_n use_v the_o company_n of_o his_o wife_n he_o be_v not_o excommunicate_v but_o only_o reduce_v to_o lay-communion_n in_o the_o year_n 506._o the_o council_n of_o agatha_n receive_v 9_o and_o confirm_v the_o constitution_n of_o siricius_n and_o innocent_n about_o the_o continence_n of_o priest_n and_o deacon_n and_o further_o enjoin_v 16_o that_o their_o wife_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o dwell_v with_o they_o although_o they_o also_o promise_v continence_n 517._o in_o the_o year_n 531._o the_o second_o council_n of_o toledo_n decree_v 1._o that_o those_o who_o from_o their_o childhood_n be_v by_o their_o parent_n dedicate_v to_o the_o holy_a office_n and_o be_v to_o that_o end_n bring_v up_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o church_n shall_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o eighteen_o be_v ask_v public_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o church_n whether_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o oblige_v themselves_o never_o to_o marry_v if_o they_o be_v than_o they_o may_v be_v ordain_v subdeacons_n and_o gradual_o arise_v to_o the_o high_a office_n of_o the_o church_n if_o not_o than_o they_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o marry_v and_o whensoever_o both_o marry_a party_n shall_v promise_v continence_n the_o husband_n shall_v be_v receive_v into_o order_n here_o be_v the_o first_o mention_n of_o a_o vow_n of_o continence_n exact_v of_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v ordain_v that_o can_v be_v find_v in_o ecclesiastical_a history_n and_o here_o also_o it_o be_v first_o forbid_v to_o subdeacons_n to_z marry_v wife_n after_o their_o ordination_n for_o this_o concern_v not_o those_o subdeacons_n who_o marry_v before_o ordination_n whereas_o in_o all_o the_o precedent_a council_n it_o be_v leave_v free_a to_o subdeacons_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o other_o inferior_a order_n to_o enjoy_v their_o wife_n marry_v either_o before_o or_o after_o their_o ordination_n to_o that_o office._n the_o council_n of_o clermont_n anno_fw-la 535._o complain_v 13._o that_o many_o priest_n and_o deacon_n notwithstanding_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o church_n have_v use_v the_o company_n of_o their_o wife_n and_o beget_v child_n of_o they_o command_v all_o such_o to_o be_v degrade_v from_o their_o office._n the_o four_o council_n of_o orleans_n in_o the_o year_n 541._o order_v 17._o that_o priest_n and_o deacon_n shall_v not_o be_v permit_v to_o dwell_v with_o their_o wife_n upon_o pain_n of_o deposition_n thereby_o to_o take_v away_o ever_o all_o suspicion_n of_o forbid_a commerce_n the_o three_o council_n of_o orleans_n have_v before_o in_o the_o year_n 538._o forbid_v 2._o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n not_o only_o to_o priest_n and_o deacon_n but_o also_o to_o subdeacons_n the_o five_o council_n of_o orleans_n 549._o command_v ordinis_fw-la all_o clergyman_n of_o whatsoever_o dignity_n or_o order_n who_o return_v to_o the_o embrace_n of_o their_o wife_n after_o ordination_n to_o be_v for_o ever_o degrade_v and_o reduce_v to_o lay-communion_n the_o council_n of_o auxerre_n in_o the_o year_n 578._o enjoin_v 21_o priest_n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n upon_o pain_n of_o deprivation_n not_o to_o accompany_v with_o their_o wife_n call_z that_o a_o carnal_a sin._n the_o first_o council_n of_o mascon_n in_o the_o year_n 581._o repeat_v 11._o and_o renew_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o clermont_n the_o three_o council_n of_o lion_n in_o the_o year_n 583._o forbid_v 1._o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n to_o bishop_n priest_n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n and_o the_o cohabitation_n of_o their_o wife_n to_o the_o three_o first_o order_n in_o a_o french_a council_n about_o the_o year_n 620._o all_o marriage_n and_o cohabitation_n of_o woman_n be_v forbid_v 1656._o to_o priest_n and_o deacon_n in_o the_o four_o council_n of_o toledo_n anno_fw-la 633._o it_o be_v order_v 27._o that_o priest_n and_o deacon_n shall_v promise_v continence_n before_o their_o bishop_n when_o they_o be_v induct_v into_o their_o live_n and_o preferment_n the_o eight_o council_n of_o toledo_n in_o the_o year_n 653._o lament_n 6._o the_o obstinacy_n of_o many_o priest_n and_o deacon_n retain_v their_o wife_n and_o even_o marry_v after_o ordination_n against_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n and_o severe_o forbid_v it_o for_o the_o future_a in_o the_o year_n 868._o the_o council_n of_o worm_n command_v 9_o bishop_n priest_n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n to_o abstain_v from_o their_o wife_n upon_o pain_n of_o deprivation_n many_o other_o council_n between_o the_o year_n 600_o and_o a_o 1000_o forbid_v the_o cohabitation_n of_o all_o woman_n and_o consequent_o also_o of_o wife_n to_o the_o clergy_n and_o many_o other_o permit_v only_a mother_n sister_n and_o aunt_n to_o dwell_v with_o the_o clergy_n reject_v all_o other_o woman_n under_o the_o name_n of_o extraneae_fw-la wherein_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v mistake_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o three_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a last_o some_o council_n proceed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o inhibit_v to_o the_o clergy_n the_o cohabitation_n of_o all_o woman_n whatsoever_o even_o mother_n sister_n aunt_n and_o the_o near_a relation_n permit_v by_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a thus_o do_v the_o council_n of_o mentz_n 10._o in_o the_o year_n 888._o observe_v that_o some_o priest_n have_v commit_v incest_n with_o their_o own_o sister_n see_v
clergy_n till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ten_o age_n and_o to_o the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o they_o till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o twelve_o age._n elfric_n 1003._o indeed_o a_o great_a zealot_n of_o the_o monastic_a order_n in_o which_o he_o be_v bring_v up_o dislike_v and_o oppose_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n yet_o so_o that_o from_o his_o word_n it_o be_v manifest_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n general_o obtain_v in_o england_n and_o himself_o rather_o wish_v than_o hope_v for_o a_o abolition_n of_o it_o in_o oppose_v it_o he_o join_v the_o prejudices_fw-la of_o antiquity_n to_o the_o imposture_n of_o latter_a age_n from_o hence_o he_o receive_v the_o poor_a pretence_n of_o the_o prohibition_n of_o marriage_n to_o the_o clergy_n by_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a in_o the_o three_o canon_n from_o thence_o his_o detestation_n of_o second_o marriage_n against_o which_o he_o have_v conceive_v such_o unreasonable_a prejudice_n that_o he_o forbid_v 9_o priest_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o solemnity_n of_o those_o marriage_n or_o even_o to_o bestow_v a_o blessing_n on_o they_o nay_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n enjoy_v at_o that_o time_n so_o great_a a_o liberty_n of_o marriage_n that_o even_o the_o monk_n enjoy_v the_o same_o freedom_n and_o as_o the_o old_a manuscript_n chronicle_n of_o winchester_n relate_v 434._o all_o the_o monastery_n of_o england_n except_o glastenbary_n and_o abendon_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o college_n of_o marry_a priest_n till_o king_n edgar_n drive_v they_o thence_o and_o plant_v monk_n in_o they_o this_o be_v do_v by_o king_n edgar_n about_o the_o year_n 974_o at_o the_o instigation_n and_o by_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o dunstan_n who_o hold_v divers_a synod_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o have_v sharp_a dispute_n with_o the_o marry_a clergy_n possess_v the_o monastery_n where_o his_o frequent_a recur_v to_o trick_n and_o imposture_n relate_v by_o the_o monkish_a historian_n under_o the_o name_n of_o miracle_n manifest_a that_o reason_n and_o justice_n fail_v he_o and_o that_o in_o both_o he_o be_v overpower_v by_o the_o marry_a clergy_n but_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n give_v to_o dunstan_n the_o advantage_n of_o obtain_v his_o design_n who_o as_o malmsbury_n relate_v 1._o when_o he_o give_v the_o clergy_n their_o choice_n either_o to_o quit_v their_o wife_n or_o their_o monastery_n forsake_v their_o place_n and_o leave_v they_o empty_a to_o the_o monk_n alferus_n indeed_o prince_n of_o mercia_n drive_v out_o the_o monk_n again_o and_o replace_v the_o marry_a clergy_n but_o they_o soon_o lose_v their_o recover_a possession_n with_o the_o fall_n of_o that_o prince_n however_o this_o violence_n of_o edgar_n and_o constitution_n of_o dunstan_n touch_v not_o the_o secular_a clergy_n whether_o parochial_a priest_n or_o prebendary_n of_o cathedral_n and_o collegiate_n church_n they_o yet_o enjoy_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n with_o no_o less_o perfect_a freedom_n than_o before_o and_o therefore_o among_o king_n edgar_n canon_n one_o be_v lambâ—…rdum_fw-la that_o if_o a_o mass-priest_n commit_v fornication_n or_o violate_v his_o marriage_n he_o fast_o 10_o year_n and_o always_o bewail_v his_o crime_n if_o a_o deacon_n 7_o year_n if_o a_o inferior_a clergyman_n 6_o year_n if_o a_o layman_n 5_o year_n not_o only_o the_o secular_a clergy_n but_o even_o many_o regulars_n who_o live_v separately_z out_o of_o monastery_n enjoy_v then_o the_o benefit_n of_o marriage_n as_o many_o nun_n do_v alarviz_n at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o abyssine_a church_n whence_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n 530._o observe_v that_o their_o wife_n be_v frequent_o call_v monachae_n and_o moniales_n nun_n afterward_o pope_n gregory_n the_o seven_o impose_v celibacy_n upon_o the_o whole_a clergy_n and_o second_v his_o imposition_n with_o reiteratâ—…d_a command_n to_o all_o bishop_n to_o execute_v his_o decree_n lanfranc_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n endeavour_v to_o introduce_v celibacy_n into_o the_o church_n of_o england_n but_o perceive_v the_o attempt_n to_o be_v impossible_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o constant_a and_o unanimous_a opposition_n of_o the_o clergy_n he_o be_v content_v in_o the_o council_n of_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n 1076._o to_o make_v this_o decree_n only_o 351._o let_v no_o prebendary_a have_v a_o wife_n but_o of_o the_o priest_n who_o live_v in_o town_n and_o village_n those_o who_o have_v wife_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o put_v they_o away_o those_o who_o have_v not_o shall_v be_v forbid_v to_o marry_v any_o thus_o lanfranc_n prepare_v the_o way_n for_o the_o more_o resolute_a undertake_n of_o his_o successor_n anselm_n who_o not_o content_v with_o a_o partial_a celibacy_n attempt_v to_o debar_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v so_o common_a and_o general_a be_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n at_o that_o time_n that_o pope_n paschal_n the_o second_o in_o a_o epistle_n 91._o to_o anselm_n give_v he_o a_o dispensation_n to_o admit_v the_o son_n of_o the_o clergy_n into_o holy_a order_n assign_v this_o reason_n of_o it_o because_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n that_o they_o make_v up_o the_o great_a and_o better_a part_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o indeed_o many_o great_a and_o illustrious_a member_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o son_n of_o priest_n who_o live_v at_o this_o time_n in_o england_n may_v be_v produce_v out_o of_o history_n herebertus_n losinga_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n be_v 2._o the_o son_n of_o robert_n losinga_n a_o clergyman_n afterward_o abbot_n of_o winchester_n rithmarch_n be_v 605._o son_n and_o successor_n of_o sulgheim_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n thomas_n archbishop_n of_o york_z be_v 23._o the_o son_n of_o a_o norman_a priest_n as_o also_o 23._o his_o brother_n samson_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n who_o son_n thomas_n succeed_v 23._o his_o uncle_n in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o york_n henry_n archdeacon_n of_o huntingdon_n the_o historian_n be_v the_o son_n of_o nicolas_n priest_n of_o lincoln_n who_o for_o his_o great_a piety_n and_o learning_n be_v call_v 7._o the_o star_n of_o the_o clergy_n richard_n archdeacon_n of_o coventry_n be_v the_o son_n and_o successor_n of_o robert_n bishop_n of_o chester_n or_o of_o coventry_n and_o lichfield_n which_o see_v be_v then_o place_v at_o chester_n upon_o which_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-fr diceto_fw-la make_v this_o observation_n 1161._o not_o therefore_o either_o from_o sacred_a order_n or_o from_o parochial_a cure_n or_o from_o bishopric_n or_o from_o the_o popedom_n itself_o be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v debar_v if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o honest_a life_n it_o can_v be_v here_o imagine_v that_o all_o these_o person_n be_v bear_v before_o the_o ordination_n of_o their_o father_n for_o first_o clergyman_n be_v then_o ordain_v young_a and_o then_o the_o contrary_n can_v be_v plain_o demonstrate_v of_o many_o of_o they_o for_o eadmerus_n 7._o relate_v that_o lanfranc_n go_v to_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1071._o implead_v thomas_n archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o remigius_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n before_o the_o pope_n that_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v canonical_o promote_v to_o their_o bishopric_n because_o they_o be_v the_o son_n of_o priest_n and_o consequent_o make_v incapable_a of_o holy_a order_n by_o the_o canon_n which_o incapacity_n be_v never_o extend_v to_o the_o son_n of_o the_o clergy_n bear_v before_o their_o ordination_n beside_o the_o learned_a selden_n 195._o observe_v there_o be_v no_o such_o express_a canon_n then_o make_v nor_o ever_o hear_v of_o before_o the_o council_n of_o clermont_n in_o the_o year_n 1095._o and_o therefore_o the_o incapacity_n of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o holy_a order_n can_v arise_v only_o from_o their_o suppose_a bastardy_n be_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n after_o ordination_n which_o the_o hildebrandine_n pope_n and_o council_n have_v define_v to_o be_v fornication_n this_o be_v the_o state_n of_o the_o clergy_n marriage_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n till_o the_o time_n of_o anselm_n who_o be_v educate_v in_o a_o monastery_n and_o a_o dependent_a of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n endeavour_v to_o introduce_v the_o papal_a law_n of_o celibacy_n into_o england_n his_o attempt_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o will_v represent_v in_o the_o word_n of_o our_o historian_n henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n 8._o say_v anselm_n forbid_v wife_n to_o the_o clergy_n at_o leicester_n in_o the_o year_n 1102._o which_o before_o be_v not_o forbid_v to_o they_o simon_n dunelmensis_n 1102._o in_o the_o year_n 1102._o concubine_n or_o wife_n be_v forbid_v to_o priest_n in_o the_o synod_n of_o london_n whence_o many_o of_o they_o shut_v up_o the_o door_n of_o their_o church_n omit_v all_o divine_a service_n henry_n huntindon_n 7._o in_o the_o year_n
world_n live_v together_o in_o a_o common_a retirement_n so_o far_o from_o forsake_v the_o duty_n of_o marriage_n that_o in_o that_o state_n they_o give_v education_n to_o a_o numerous_a offspring_n of_o child_n that_o prosper_n common_o repute_v bishop_n of_o rhegium_n be_v marry_v be_v manifest_a from_o his_o poem_n dedicate_v to_o his_o wife_n sidonius_n apollinaris_n bishop_n of_o clermont_n have_v marry_v while_o a_o layman_n papianilla_fw-la daughter_n of_o avitus_n the_o emperor_n and_o that_o she_o live_v with_o he_o after_o his_o ordination_n appear_v from_o a_o epistle_n 16._o write_v to_o she_o when_o absent_a about_o the_o common_a affair_n of_o their_o family_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o nepos_n who_o be_v make_v emperor_n in_o the_o year_n 474._o two_o year_n after_o sidonius_n his_o consecration_n and_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o gregory_n turonensis_n 22._o who_o relate_v that_o sidonius_n when_o bishop_n use_v to_o take_v his_o plate_n out_o of_o the_o house_n by_o stealth_n and_o give_v it_o to_o the_o poor_a which_o his_o wife_n be_v wont_a to_o redeem_v with_o money_n his_o predecessor_n in_o that_o see_v namatius_n build_v 17._o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o clermont_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n his_o wife_n build_v the_o church_n of_o st._n stephen_n in_o the_o suburb_n but_o a_o more_o eminent_a example_n of_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o gallican_n church_n at_o that_o time_n be_v the_o election_n of_o simplicius_n bishop_n of_o bourges_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n not_o agree_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o bishop_n commit_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n to_o sidonius_n give_v he_o a_o power_n of_o nomination_n sidonius_n then_o go_v to_o bourge_n nominate_v simplicius_n a_o marry_a man_n who_o in_o a_o speech_n he_o thus_o recommend_v to_o the_o people_n 7._o his_o wife_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o family_n of_o the_o palladii_fw-la who_o have_v possess_v the_o chair_n either_o of_o professor_n or_o bishop_n with_o great_a commendation_n of_o their_o order_n in_o truth_n because_o the_o person_n of_o a_o matron_n require_v a_o modest_a and_o brief_a mention_n i_o dare_v constant_o â—…verr_v that_o woman_n be_v not_o unworthy_a of_o her_o relation_n to_o the_o clergy_n of_o both_o family_n he_o have_v before_o say_v that_o simplicius_n also_o descend_v of_o the_o race_n of_o priest_n either_o that_o wherein_o she_o be_v bear_v and_o bring_v up_o or_o that_o whither_o she_o be_v remove_v by_o marriage_n they_o both_o educate_v their_o child_n prudent_o and_o virtuous_o in_o the_o name_n therefore_o of_o thâ—…_n father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n simplicius_n be_v he_o who_o i_o pronounce_v shall_v be_v your_o bishop_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v all_o this_o commendation_n of_o simplicius_n his_o wife_n or_o what_o do_v it_o concern_v the_o people_n what_o manner_n of_o woman_n she_o be_v if_o immediate_o upon_o his_o ordination_n she_o must_v have_v retire_v from_o his_o family_n and_o cease_v to_o be_v his_o wife_n and_o then_o which_o be_v most_o observable_a sidonius_n pronounce_v he_o bishop_n without_o give_v he_o any_o previous_a notice_n of_o it_o when_o neither_o his_n nor_o his_o wife_n resolution_n of_o a_o total_a future_a absâ—…inence_n from_o the_o use_n of_o their_o marriage_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v know_v and_o therefore_o must_v be_v suppose_v not_o to_o have_v be_v require_v of_o they_o as_o for_o his_o willingness_n to_o accept_v the_o bishopric_n they_o inquire_v not_o after_o that_o since_o in_o that_o age_n they_o think_v it_o lawful_a to_o force_v man_n to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o pastoral_n charge_n but_o never_o think_v it_o lawful_a to_o force_v they_o to_o put_v away_o their_o wife_n and_o abjure_v the_o duty_n of_o marriage_n in_o the_o next_o age_n venantius_n fortunatus_n mention_n 11._o the_o posterity_n of_o emelius_n bishop_n of_o bordeaux_n and_o in_o one_o almost_o whole_a book_n 1._o celebrate_v the_o praise_n of_o leontius_n his_o successor_n and_o placidina_fw-la his_o wife_n descend_v from_o siâ—…onius_n of_o clermont_n who_o adorn_v with_o hang_n the_o church_n which_o her_o husband_n build_v some_o few_o year_n before_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n son_n of_o the_o same_o sidonius_n have_v 2._o obtain_v his_o father_n bishopric_n by_o the_o intrigue_n of_o his_o wife_n placidina_fw-la in_o the_o same_o age_n or_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o former_a gerhardus_fw-la or_o genebaldus_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o laon_n have_v at_o his_o ordination_n separate_v himself_o from_o his_o wife_n the_o niece_n of_o st._n remigius_n afterward_o change_v 494._o his_o resolution_n and_o resume_v her_o society_n beget_v st._n latro_n of_o she_o who_o succeed_v he_o in_o his_o bishopric_n many_o other_o marry_a bishop_n of_o these_o and_o the_o succeed_a age_n may_v be_v reckon_v but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o neither_o the_o constitution_n of_o pope_n nor_o canon_n of_o council_n ever_o gain_v universal_a reception_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o western_a church_n the_o use_n of_o marriage_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o many_o bishop_n eminent_a both_o for_o piety_n and_o learning_n so_o true_a be_v it_o what_o polydore_v virgil_n 4._o confess_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o frequent_a repetition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n marriage_n can_v never_o be_v wrest_v from_o the_o western_a clergy_n before_o the_o popedom_n of_o gregory_n vii_o many_o other_o argument_n may_v be_v produce_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n be_v retain_v by_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n which_o however_o they_o be_v less_o direct_a than_o those_o already_o mention_v yet_o be_v they_o no_o less_o conclusive_a of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o practice_n of_o all_o those_o heretic_n and_o schismatic_n who_o depart_v from_o the_o western_a church_n before_o celibacy_n be_v introduce_v retain_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n to_o their_o clergy_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o heretic_n who_o error_n be_v mere_o speculative_a to_o preserve_v that_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n which_o the_o church_n then_o use_v when_o they_o depart_v from_o she_o but_o not_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v by_o any_o subsequent_a decree_n of_o it_o thus_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n be_v infect_v with_o aâ—…ianism_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o valens_n before_o any_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n be_v attempt_v in_o the_o church_n and_o afterward_o seat_v themselves_o in_o spain_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o catholic_n council_n against_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o six_o age_n they_o begin_v to_o be_v convert_v apace_o to_o the_o orthodox_n faith_n most_o of_o their_o clergy_n be_v find_v to_o be_v marry_v which_o force_v the_o three_o council_n of_o toledo_n in_o the_o year_n 589._o in_o a_o manner_n to_o dispense_v with_o they_o in_o this_o canon_n 5._o it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o h._n synod_n that_o the_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n return_v to_o the_o church_n from_o heresy_n do_v yet_o retain_v the_o use_n of_o their_o wife_n that_o it_o may_v not_o therefore_o be_v do_v for_o the_o future_a it_o be_v order_v that_o they_o be_v separate_v from_o their_o wife_n but_o if_o any_o will_v not_o condescend_v to_o that_o let_v he_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o order_n of_o reader_n the_o five_o order_n of_o the_o clergy_n as_o for_o those_o who_o have_v all_o along_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n if_o any_o of_o they_o accompany_v with_o their_o wife_n let_v they_o be_v more_o severe_o punish_v here_o the_o council_n teach_v we_o what_o be_v the_o general_a practice_n of_o the_o arian_n clergy_n at_o that_o time_n and_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v by_o any_o precedent_n ecclesiastical_a canon_n about_o celibacy_n whereas_o the_o arian_n always_o confess_v they_o be_v oblige_v by_o all_o constitution_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n make_v before_o their_o departure_n from_o it_o the_o second_o council_n of_o caesarangusta_n or_o caragosa_n in_o the_o year_n 592._o make_v a_o not-unlike_a canon_n 1._o although_o somewhat_o more_o severe_a for_o they_o command_v the_o convert_v arian_n clergy_n who_o will_v not_o part_v with_o their_o wife_n to_o be_v reduce_v to_o lay-communion_n the_o rule_v prescribe_v by_o many_o council_n to_o the_o clergy_n for_o the_o government_n of_o their_o wife_n be_v a_o no_o less_o certain_a argument_n of_o their_o cohabitation_n with_o they_o the_o council_n of_o eliberis_n 65._o neocaesarea_n 8._o and_o some_o other_o command_n that_o if_o any_o clergyman_n wife_n commit_v adultery_n after_o 〈◊〉_d the_o ordination_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o he_o know_v of_o it_o he_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o put_v she_o away_o but_o 〈◊〉_d if_o he_o will_v continue_v to_o cohabit_v with_o she_o he_o shall_v be_v incapable_a of_o execute_v
shall_v have_v his_o own_o wife_n and_o express_o teach_v all_o have_v not_o the_o gift_n of_o continence_n that_o the_o apostle_n advice_n of_o virginity_n be_v temporary_a himself_o profess_v that_o he_o cast_v no_o snare_n upon_o we_o that_o as_o for_o themselves_o they_o profess_v they_o can_v not_o contain_v without_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o apostle_n have_v a_o right_a to_o marry_v that_o it_o be_v a_o vain_a and_o false_a pretence_n that_o this_o indulgence_n be_v give_v by_o the_o apostle_n only_o to_o the_o laity_n and_o not_o to_o the_o clergy_n that_o the_o yoke_n of_o celibacy_n be_v unlawful_a and_o intolerable_a condemn_v of_o old_a by_o dionysius_n corinthius_n and_o paphnutius_fw-la lay_v not_o therefore_o we_o beseech_v you_o this_o heavy_a burden_n upon_o we_o which_o we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v nor_o violate_v the_o reverence_n due_a to_o holy_a order_n and_o the_o sacred_a mystery_n for_o our_o sake_n certain_o you_o render_v both_o contemptible_a in_o the_o sight_n of_o man_n whilst_o you_o forbid_v the_o sacrament_n to_o be_v receive_v from_o our_o hand_n a_o prohibition_n direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a canon_n which_o define_v that_o the_o sacrament_n lose_v not_o their_o efficacy_n by_o the_o unworthiness_n of_o he_o that_o administer_v they_o by_o these_o authority_n and_o reason_n you_o ought_v to_o be_v persuade_v and_o neither_o remove_v we_o from_o the_o sacred_a office_n nor_o deprive_v the_o laity_n of_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o sacrament_n conclude_v with_o a_o protestation_n that_o they_o can_v not_o contain_v without_o marriage_n nor_o obtain_v continence_n any_o otherwise_o than_o by_o the_o peculiar_a gift_n of_o god._n thus_o the_o marry_a clergy_n want_v neither_o learning_n nor_o courage_n to_o defend_v the_o justice_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o however_o they_o be_v overbear_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o prevail_a interest_n of_o the_o monastic_a order_n yet_o many_o of_o they_o retain_v their_o wife_n for_o some_o age_n after_o the_o time_n of_o hildebrand_n although_o from_o his_o popedom_n the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n gradual_o decrease_v and_o at_o last_o be_v bear_v down_o by_o a_o universal_a celibacy_n for_o some_o time_n after_o that_o the_o priest_n of_o germany_n public_o cohabit_v with_o their_o wife_n say_v aventinus_n 1554._o as_o other_o christian_n do_v and_o beget_v child_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o record_n of_o grant_n make_v by_o they_o to_o church_n priest_n or_o monk_n wherein_o their_o wife_n by_o name_n subscribe_v as_o witness_n together_o with_o their_o husband_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o honest_a name_n of_o priestesses_z presbytâ—…rissae_n this_o constancy_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o retain_v their_o wife_n be_v the_o only_a reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a renovation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n by_o the_o pope_n and_o council_n of_o the_o 12_o and_o 13_o age_n these_o law_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v introduce_v into_o dalmatia_n till_o the_o year_n 1199._o when_o a_o council_n be_v hold_v there_o by_o the_o pope_n legate_n this_o canon_n 2._o be_v make_v whereas_o the_o priest_n of_o god_n ought_v to_o live_v continent_o they_o be_v say_v to_o hold_v both_o their_o wife_n and_o church_n in_o the_o part_n of_o dalmatia_n and_o dioclia_n wherefore_o we_o enact_v that_o clergyman_n have_v wife_n marry_v before_o ordination_n live_v with_o they_o and_o resign_v their_o benefice_n but_o that_o those_o who_o have_v wife_n marry_v after_o ordination_n dismiss_v their_o wife_n and_o retain_v their_o benefice_n to_o pass_v by_o other_o council_n i_o will_v produce_v only_o the_o great_a lateran_n council_n under_o innocent_a the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1215._o which_o not_o only_o allow_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n when_o contract_v to_o be_v valid_a but_o also_o permit_v marriage_n to_o the_o clergy_n of_o some_o province_n wherein_o the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n have_v not_o yet_o be_v receive_v the_o first_o appear_v from_o the_o 31_o canon_n conceive_v in_o these_o word_n to_o abolish_v a_o great_a corruption_n which_o 31._o have_v be_v introduce_v in_o divers_a church_n we_o straight_o forbid_v that_o the_o son_n of_o prebendary_n especial_o their_o bastard_n son_n be_v make_v prebendary_n in_o the_o secular_a church_n wherein_o their_o father_n be_v institute_v where_o by_o exclude_v especial_o the_o bastard_n son_n of_o the_o clergy_n it_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o their_o child_n bear_v in_o marriage_n be_v not_o bastard_n the_o latter_a be_v no_o less_o evident_a from_o the_o 14_o canon_n which_o enjoin_v continence_n to_o the_o clergy_n add_v this_o proviso_n but_o whereas_o 14._o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n have_v not_o renounce_v their_o wife_n if_o any_o of_o these_o commit_v fornication_n or_o adultery_n let_v they_o be_v more_o severe_o punish_v because_o they_o can_v make_v use_n of_o lawful_a marriage_n the_o latter_a writer_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o â—…lude_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o council_n so_o much_o reverence_v by_o they_o declare_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n marriage_n will_v have_v this_o clause_n understand_v of_o the_o greek_a clergy_n but_o produce_v not_o the_o least_o show_n of_o reason_n for_o their_o pretence_n no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o greek_a clergy_n either_o before_o or_o after_o nor_o do_v the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n in_o form_v this_o canon_n any_o more_o dream_n of_o they_o than_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o abyssine_a church_n last_o almost_o the_o whole_a 17_o title_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o decretal_n of_o gregory_n the_o nine_o be_v make_v up_o of_o epistle_n write_v by_o alexander_n the_o second_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n about_z admitting_z or_o not_o admit_v the_o son_n of_o priest_n into_o the_o benefice_n of_o their_o father_n without_o any_o intermediate_v successor_n in_o these_o epistle_n bastardy_n be_v nowhere_o object_v to_o the_o son_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o only_o the_o danger_n which_o may_v accrue_v to_o the_o church_n if_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n shall_v descend_v like_o a_o lay_v inheritance_n from_o father_n to_o son._n and_o this_o danger_n the_o pope_n sometime_o dispense_v with_o for_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o 9th_o chapter_n that_o he_o have_v give_v a_o faculty_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n of_o induct_v the_o son_n of_o the_o clergy_n into_o the_o benefice_n of_o their_o father_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n or_o session_n of_o the_o latter_a the_o 12_o chapter_n have_v these_o word_n clement_n iii_o possunt_fw-la to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cassels_n whereas_o your_o brotherhood_n inquire_v of_o we_o the_o son_n of_o priest_n or_o bishop_n may_v be_v promote_v to_o holy_a order_n if_o they_o be_v adorn_v with_o knowledge_n and_o sobriety_n know_v that_o if_o they_o be_v bear_v of_o lawful_a marriage_n and_o there_o be_v no_o other_o canonical_a impediment_n they_o may_v lawful_o ascend_v to_o holy_a order_n where_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o son_n of_o which_o pope_n clement_n speak_v be_v bear_v after_o the_o ordination_n of_o their_o father_n for_o none_o be_v ever_o so_o mad_a as_o to_o doubt_v whether_o the_o son_n of_o clergyman_n bear_v before_o their_o ordination_n be_v capable_a of_o holy_a order_n but_o if_o any_o scruple_n remain_v the_o 14_o chapter_n will_v remove_v it_o which_o be_v this_o we_o understand_v that_o n._n beget_v in_o priesthood_n bear_v conceptus_fw-la and_o conceive_v of_o a_o lawful_a wife_n desire_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o holy_a order_n wherefore_o let_v it_o be_v do_v thus_o do_v pope_n general_a council_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n after_o the_o time_n of_o hildebrand_n acknowledge_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o clergy_n marriage_n and_o connive_v at_o it_o till_o the_o papal_a ambition_n draw_v the_o disposition_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a preferment_n to_o themselves_o and_o allow_v the_o use_n of_o concubine_n to_o the_o clergy_n marriage_n be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o yield_v to_o the_o more_o advantageous_a and_o easy_a way_n of_o fornication_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o speak_v somewhat_o more_o particular_o of_o the_o state_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n which_o more_o peculiar_o concern_v we_o and_o probable_o the_o last_o of_o all_o the_o church_n in_o the_o west_n submit_v to_o the_o imposition_n of_o it_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a patriarchate_n nor_o intervening_a by_o her_o bishop_n in_o those_o western_a council_n which_o enjoin_v celibacy_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o nor_o give_v any_o obedience_n to_o the_o decree_n of_o pope_n or_o constitution_n of_o council_n in_o that_o matter_n but_o allow_v a_o uninterrupted_a freedom_n of_o marriage_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o her_o
to_o sixteen_o all_o these_o reason_n concur_v in_o the_o first_o age_n to_o increase_v the_o esteem_n of_o celibacy_n and_o prejudice_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o way_n be_v open_v by_o forbid_v second_o marriage_n to_o the_o clergy_n and_o receive_v none_o into_o holy_a order_n who_o have_v marry_v twice_o after_o baptism_n for_o if_o a_o man_n marry_v once_o before_o and_o again_o after_o baptism_n he_o be_v common_o repute_v no_o digamist_n this_o prejudice_n against_o second_o marriage_n increase_v so_o far_o that_o all_o be_v make_v uncapable_a of_o holy_a order_n who_o have_v marry_v widow_n lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v to_o countenance_v thereby_o the_o suppose_a scandal_n of_o digamy_n i_o mean_v not_o hereby_o that_o second_o marriage_n be_v forbid_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o any_o council_n or_o order_n deny_v to_o all_o digamist_n none_o except_v for_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o of_o those_o supposition_n be_v true_a but_o only_o that_o it_o become_v the_o general_a and_o ordinary_a practice_n of_o the_o church_n not_o to_o permit_v second_o marriage_n to_o those_o already_o ordain_v nor_o order_n to_o those_o already_o twice_o marry_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n a_o custom_n be_v introduce_v and_o by_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o age_n establish_v in_o the_o church_n that_o the_o clergy_n may_v indeed_o free_o retain_v their_o wife_n marry_v before_o the_o reception_n of_o order_n but_o not_o marry_v after_o order_n once_o receive_v not_o that_o this_o be_v yet_o forbid_v by_o any_o canon_n nor_o practise_v without_o exception_n for_o the_o contrary_a of_o that_o we_o shall_v immediate_o demonstrate_v but_o only_o be_v the_o usual_a and_o more_o ordinary_a discipline_n of_o the_o church_n whence_o both_o the_o prohibition_n of_o digamy_n and_o marriage_n after_o order_n to_o the_o clergy_n be_v insert_v among_o the_o apostolical_a canon_n wherein_o that_o be_v the_o sixteen_o this_o the_o twenty_o five_o 〈◊〉_d canon_n these_o apostolical_a canon_n be_v not_o the_o constitution_n of_o any_o council_n much_o less_o precept_n and_o institution_n of_o the_o apostle_n but_o only_o the_o custom_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o and_o beginning_n of_o the_o four_o age_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v collect_v about_o that_o time_n by_o some_o private_a hand_n however_o then_o authorize_v by_o the_o use_n and_o afterward_o confirm_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o church_n this_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n however_o it_o may_v seem_v almost_o equivalent_a to_o a_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n be_v yet_o far_o from_o it_o for_o first_o it_o be_v not_o so_o strict_a and_o universal_a as_o to_o admit_v no_o exception_n marriage_n be_v permit_v to_o many_o even_o after_o the_o reception_n of_o order_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o from_o the_o canon_n of_o ancyra_n and_o allow_v indifferent_o to_o all_o if_o they_o recede_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n and_o return_v to_o lay-communion_n in_o order_n to_o it_o as_o we_o shall_v also_o hereafter_o prove_v second_o if_o any_o person_n to_o be_v ordain_v be_v not_o yet_o marry_v and_o do_v in_o the_o least_o suspect_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a afterward_o to_o contain_v without_o marriage_n he_o be_v not_o only_o permit_v but_o even_o advise_v by_o the_o church_n first_o to_o marry_o and_o then_o to_o receive_v order_n so_o that_o they_o frequent_o marry_v while_o candidate_n of_o the_o priesthood_n and_o already_o design_v to_o that_o holy_a office_n perhaps_o but_o some_o few_o day_n before_o their_o admittance_n into_o it_o so_o the_o six_o general_n council_n renew_v this_o very_a apostolic_a canon_n forbid_v any_o to_o marry_v after_o order_n once_o receive_v and_o add_v 6._o but_o if_o any_o one_o who_o come_v to_o be_v ordain_v have_v a_o mind_n to_o join_v himself_o unto_o a_o wife_n with_o the_o bond_n of_o marriage_n let_v he_o do_v it_o before_o he_o be_v ordain_v deacon_n or_o sub-deacon_a or_o priest_n and_o then_o receive_v order_n three_o by_o allow_v to_o the_o clergy_n the_o free_a use_n of_o marriage_n contract_v before_o their_o ordination_n they_o acknowledge_v both_o the_o lawfulness_n and_o decency_n of_o their_o marriage_n whether_o contract_v before_o or_o after_o ordination_n for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o indecency_n in_o marriage_n which_o make_v it_o unbecoming_a the_o dignity_n and_o holiness_n of_o the_o priesthood_n it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o use_n of_o it_o as_o all_o confess_v and_o if_o so_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n contract_v before_o as_o well_o as_o after_o ordination_n will_v become_v indecent_a for_o the_o contract_n itself_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o honest_a and_o decorous_a so_o far_o from_o carry_v any_o impurity_n and_o indecency_n along_o with_o it_o that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o sacrament_n what_o be_v the_o particular_a reason_n why_o the_o ancient_a church_n permit_v to_o the_o clergy_n the_o use_n of_o the_o one_o marriage_n and_o disallow_v the_o other_o may_v be_v probable_o reduce_v from_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v for_o those_o man_n who_o be_v lead_v away_o by_o the_o mistake_v and_o prejudices_fw-la produce_v in_o the_o church_n by_o the_o heresy_n of_o the_o encratites_n endeavour_v at_o least_o to_o introduce_v this_o custom_n when_o they_o despair_v of_o a_o total_a abrogation_n of_o the_o clergy_n marriage_n and_o perhaps_o think_v that_o intolerable_a in_o itself_o or_o inconvenient_a to_o the_o church_n and_o then_o those_o who_o otherwise_o clear_o perceive_v the_o falsehood_n of_o these_o prejudices_fw-la content_v themselves_o with_o silence_n and_o connive_v at_o the_o introduction_n of_o this_o custom_n as_o well_o for_o fear_v of_o a_o popular_a odium_n and_o disesteem_n as_o because_o they_o be_v convince_v by_o the_o reason_n last_o mention_v that_o such_o a_o custom_n if_o it_o proceed_v no_o far_o be_v little_o less_o than_o equivalent_a to_o a_o total_a permission_n of_o marriage_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o rite_n of_o marriage_n be_v ancient_o especial_o among_o the_o greek_n always_o celebrate_v with_o great_a riot_n and_o luxury_n continue_v for_o many_o day_n together_o it_o be_v think_v unbefitting_a the_o gravity_n of_o a_o clergyman_n to_o be_v present_a at_o much_o more_o to_o be_v chief_a actor_n in_o such_o licentious_a solemnity_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o council_n of_o 54._o laodicea_n and_o 39_o agatha_n forbid_v the_o clergy_n to_o be_v present_a at_o nuptial_a feast_n although_o the_o 24._o quinisext_a council_n restrain_v that_o prohibition_n only_o to_o the_o judicrous_a and_o more_o trifle_a part_n of_o the_o solemnity_n in_o some_o of_o the_o clergy_n these_o prejudices_fw-la of_o the_o excellency_n of_o celibacy_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o marriage_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o their_o order_n prevail_v so_o far_o that_o upon_o pretence_n of_o continence_n and_o great_a purity_n they_o sequester_v their_o wife_n although_o unwilling_a from_o their_o bed_n and_o sometime_o from_o their_o society_n the_o superstitious_a and_o scandalous_a conduct_n of_o these_o man_n be_v universal_o condemn_v and_o censure_v by_o the_o church_n whence_o among_o the_o apostolic_a canon_n this_o be_v one_o 5_o let_v no_o bishop_n priest_n or_o deacon_n put_v away_o his_o wife_n upon_o pretence_n of_o religion_n if_o he_o do_v let_v he_o be_v excommunicate_v and_o if_o he_o continue_v obstinate_a be_v degrade_v our_o adversary_n indeed_o pretend_v that_o this_o canon_n be_v not_o oppose_v to_o a_o denial_n of_o nuptial_a duty_n by_o the_o clergy_n to_o their_o wife_n but_o to_o a_o denial_n of_o maintenance_n and_o turn_v they_o out_o of_o door_n to_o beg_v their_o live_n but_o the_o vanity_n of_o this_o plea_n be_v evident_a for_o not_o to_o say_v that_o the_o constant_a acceptance_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d import_v no_o more_o than_o a_o sequestration_n from_o the_o bed_n the_o canon_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o our_o adversary_n will_v be_v useless_a and_o trifle_a for_o we_o do_v not_o find_v nor_o can_v imagine_v that_o so_o great_a a_o abuse_n ever_o obtain_v in_o the_o church_n as_o that_o the_o clergy_n shall_v eject_v their_o innocent_a wife_n and_o expose_v they_o to_o want_v and_o poverty_n whereas_o that_o many_o remove_v they_o from_o their_o bed_n and_o believe_v their_o embrace_n unlawful_a after_o order_n receive_v be_v already_o clear_o prove_v and_o on_o all_o side_n confess_v the_o error_n of_o the_o impurity_n of_o marriage_n have_v so_o far_o obtain_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o many_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o church_n to_o interpose_v her_o judgement_n and_o vindicate_v the_o cause_n of_o injure_a marriage_n for_o as_o aristenus_n 16._o true_o paraphrase_n this_o canon_n a_o clergyman_n by_o sequester_v his_o wife_n from_o his_o bed_n
confirm_v by_o any_o pope_n or_o council_n to_o this_o day_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o to_o evince_v that_o this_o canon_n be_v to_o be_v thus_o understand_v only_o of_o a_o temporary_a abstinence_n of_o the_o clergy_n while_o they_o perform_v their_o office_n in_o their_o turn_n for_o the_o clergy_n have_v not_o then_o as_o now_o each_o one_o his_o parish_n assign_v he_o wherein_o to_o officiate_v but_o all_o of_o one_o city_n at_o least_o in_o the_o lesser_a city_n belong_v to_o one_o church_n supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n in_o order_n and_o relieve_v one_o the_o other_o by_o turn_n that_o this_o canon_n be_v to_o be_v thus_o understand_v appear_v 1._o from_o the_o plain_a word_n of_o it_o where_o positis_fw-la in_o ministerio_fw-la must_v either_o signify_v this_o or_o be_v whole_o impertinent_a since_o all_o the_o clergy_n by_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o their_o office_n be_v place_v in_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o church_n 2._o otherwise_o total_a abstinence_n will_v be_v enjoin_v to_o subdeacons_n reader_n exorcist_n and_o acolythi_a as_o well_o as_o to_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n and_o so_o albaspinaeus_n clericis_fw-la explain_v the_o word_n in_o totum_fw-la prohiberi_fw-la it_o be_v forbid_v say_v he_o to_o all_o clergyman_n whatsoever_o whereas_o subdeacons_n be_v never_o forbid_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n till_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o five_o age_n and_o the_o three_o inferior_a order_n be_v not_o at_o this_o day_n forbid_v it_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 3._o when_o a_o total_a abstinence_n of_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n be_v propose_v in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a all_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o council_n express_v it_o by_o say_v some_o endeavour_v to_o introduce_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o law_n and_o paphnutius_fw-la oppose_v it_o plead_v that_o the_o church_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v burden_v with_o new_a imposition_n but_o that_o the_o universal_a tradition_n and_o practice_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v preserve_v now_o if_o this_o total_a abstinence_n have_v twenty_o year_n before_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o council_n of_o eliberis_n all_o those_o historian_n have_v mistake_v and_o hosius_n bishop_n of_o corduba_n who_o have_v be_v present_a in_o the_o council_n of_o eliberis_n and_o preside_v in_o that_o of_o nice_n will_v not_o have_v suffer_v the_o father_n to_o be_v lead_v away_o with_o the_o false_a representation_n of_o paphnutius_fw-la celibacy_n be_v not_o yet_o arrive_v at_o its_o crisis_n universal_o indeed_o applaud_v but_o no_o where_o impose_v yet_o have_v the_o unreasonable_a affection_n of_o it_o in_o many_o clergyman_n and_o a_o immoderate_a ambition_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o virginity_n in_o many_o lay_v person_n already_o introduce_v two_o of_o the_o most_o enormous_a scandal_n that_o ever_o the_o church_n labour_v under_o from_o the_o apostle_n to_o this_o day_n i_o mean_v emasculation_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v unmarried_a woman_n common_o those_o who_o have_v vow_v perpetual_a virginity_n take_v into_o the_o house_n as_o domestic_a assistant_n by_o clergyman_n who_o have_v either_o never_o marry_v or_o bury_v their_o wife_n or_o unmarried_a man_n common_o of_o the_o clergy_n take_v into_o the_o house_n in_o the_o same_o quality_n by_o woman_n or_o virgin_n who_o have_v vow_v continence_n we_o want_v a_o proper_a english_a word_n to_o express_v they_o and_o therefore_o must_v be_v content_a to_o call_v they_o housekeeper_n they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o most_o common_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o name_n be_v first_o give_v 30._o by_o the_o people_n of_o antioch_n to_o the_o housekeeper_n of_o paulus_n samosatenus_fw-la their_o bishop_n and_o his_o clergy_n by_o the_o latin_n they_o be_v term_v subintroductae_fw-la adscititiae_fw-la extraneae_fw-la alienae_n dilectae_fw-la sorores_n commanentes_fw-la and_o focariae_n they_o be_v take_v in_o by_o most_o under_o pretence_n of_o piety_n to_o encourage_v and_o assist_v one_o another_o by_o spiritual_a conference_n and_o exhortation_n but_o by_o all_o upon_o pretence_n of_o domestic_a assistance_n that_o the_o man_n may_v defend_v the_o woman_n from_o all_o injury_n to_o which_o otherwise_o that_o weak_a sex_n be_v expose_v and_o the_o woman_n may_v provide_v necessary_n for_o the_o man_n and_o take_v care_n of_o their_o family_n some_o perhaps_o make_v good_a their_o pretence_n by_o a_o sober_a and_o prudent_a conversation_n but_o the_o great_a part_n indulge_v to_o themselves_o the_o most_o inward_a familiarity_n of_o man_n and_o wife_n and_o make_v they_o even_o the_o companion_n of_o their_o sleep_n where_o they_o use_v all_o the_o embrace_n caress_n and_o allurement_n of_o the_o nuptial_a bed_n save_v only_o carnal_a knowledge_n and_o all_o this_o they_o open_o maintain_v to_o be_v lawful_a and_o think_v it_o not_o injurious_a to_o their_o profession_n of_o virginity_n and_o the_o integrity_n of_o their_o chastity_n but_o some_o proceed_v far_a and_o by_o visible_a effect_n discover_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o near_a familiarity_n and_o more_o â—…lose_a embrace_n to_o their_o own_o shame_n and_o the_o great_a scandal_n of_o the_o church_n other_o find_v or_o fear_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o so_o great_a temptation_n for_o can_v a_o man_n take_v fire_n into_o his_o bosom_n and_o not_o be_v burn_v 27._o as_o the_o father_n frequent_o apply_v to_o this_o case_n emasculate_v themselves_o that_o they_o may_v at_o least_o prevent_v all_o visible_a scandal_n when_o they_o can_v not_o extinguish_v the_o fire_n of_o their_o mind_n thus_o do_v fuga_fw-la leontius_n the_o arian_n bishop_n of_o antioch_n for_o the_o love_n of_o eustolium_fw-la his_o paramour_n and_o that_o the_o abuse_n be_v frequent_a even_o among_o the_o catholic_n appear_v from_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n especial_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr singularitate_fw-la clericorum_fw-la and_o st._n basil_n treatise_n of_o true_a virginity_n where_o he_o eloquent_o describe_v and_o bewail_v the_o scandalous_a familiarity_n of_o these_o eunuch_n and_o housekeeper_n see_v two_o egregious_a scandal_n the_o immediate_a effect_n even_o of_o a_o voluntary_a celibacy_n in_o the_o ancient_a church_n great_a than_o any_o which_o the_o church_n now_o suffer_v in_o the_o dregs_o of_o time_n we_o need_v not_o say_v any_o more_o of_o they_o if_o the_o unreasonable_a will_n of_o our_o adversary_n do_v not_o necessitate_v we_o to_o clear_v the_o matter_n a_o little_a far_o they_o maintain_v that_o by_o these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v mean_v also_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o clergy_n a_o pretence_n which_o however_o shameless_a and_o foolish_a be_v the_o main_a engine_n of_o advance_v celibacy_n in_o the_o latter_a age_n when_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o those_o council_n which_o have_v forbid_v housekeeper_n to_o the_o clergy_n be_v produce_v against_o their_o marriage_n and_o the_o ignorance_n of_o those_o age_n have_v sit_v they_o for_o a_o miserable_a delusion_n by_o such_o imposture_n to_o pass_v by_o then_o the_o confession_n of_o some_o learned_a writer_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n which_o always_o forbid_v housekeeper_n but_o never_o wife_n to_o the_o clergy_n i_o will_v only_o oppose_v a_o few_o passage_n of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n st._n cyprian_n lament_v the_o folly_n of_o many_o consecrate_a virgin_n who_o have_v enter_v into_o the_o family_n and_o even_o into_o the_o bed_n of_o unmarried_a clergyman_n say_v pomponium_n last_o how_o grievous_a fall_v of_o many_o do_v we_o see_v hereby_o produce_v and_o with_o extreme_a grief_n behold_v the_o corruption_n of_o many_o virgin_n by_o these_o unlawful_a and_o dangerous_a familiarity_n wherefore_o if_o they_o desire_v the_o reward_n of_o virginity_n let_v they_o be_v virgin_n in_o good_a earnest_n but_o if_o they_o will_v not_o or_o can_v contain_v let_v they_o marry_v the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr singularitate_fw-la clericorum_fw-la have_v these_o word_n med_n why_o have_v he_o take_v a_o housekeeper_n who_o scorn_v to_o marry_v a_o wife_n so_o he_o who_o despise_v the_o bond_n of_o marriage_n and_o yet_o retain_v the_o familiarity_n of_o woman_n although_o he_o be_v not_o actual_o pollute_v yet_o enjoy_v they_o by_o imagination_n sight_n conversation_n and_o society_n st._n gregory_n nazianzen_n profess_v virginit_fw-la he_o know_v not_o whither_o to_o call_v they_o marry_v or_o unmarried_a person_n since_o in_o a_o unmarried_a state_n they_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o marriage_n st._n chrysostom_n in_o like_a manner_n say_v they_o be_v neither_o wife_n nor_o concubine_n but_o a_o middle_n kind_a unknown_a to_o former_a age_n and_o thus_o bespeak_v they_o 〈◊〉_d if_o you_o desire_v to_o have_v man_n
of_o the_o administration_n of_o holy_a thing_n profess_v they_o herein_o follow_v and_o ratify_v this_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o cartharge_n and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o mistake_v or_o misrepresent_v the_o sense_n of_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o subscription_n of_o peter_n patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n and_o his_o african_a bishop_n to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o quinisext_a council_n which_o they_o will_v never_o have_v do_v have_v they_o be_v conscious_a that_o the_o canon_n of_o their_o own_o church_n be_v therein_o falsify_v and_o misrepresent_v last_o balsamon_n can._n zonaras_n can._n aristenus_n can._n and_o blastares_n do_v thus_o unanimous_o explain_v it_o only_o of_o a_o partial_a abstinence_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o their_o wife_n when_o they_o celebrate_v the_o great_a festival_n and_o solemnity_n of_o the_o church_n i_o will_v produce_v only_o the_o word_n of_o blastares_n 18._o when_o the_o time_n call_v they_o to_o the_o administration_n of_o holy_a thing_n and_o participation_n of_o the_o sacrament_n then_o ought_v they_o to_o abstain_v even_o from_o the_o company_n of_o their_o own_o wife_n manifest_v their_o continence_n by_o their_o work_n but_o the_o four_o canon_n of_o this_o code_n which_o be_v the_o second_o of_o the_o eleven_o council_n of_o carthage_n beforementioned_a and_o other_o like_v it_o be_v obscure_o word_v and_o command_v the_o clergy_n administer_a holy_a thing_n to_o abstain_v from_o their_o wife_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o latin_n to_o require_v those_o who_o be_v to_o be_v ordain_v to_o put_v away_o their_o wife_n or_o if_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o this_o be_v the_o sense_n or_o these_o canon_n themselves_o will_v be_v more_o worthy_a to_o be_v put_v out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o sacred_a canon_n than_o the_o apostolic_a canon_n of_o those_o of_o other_o council_n which_o decree_v the_o direct_a contrary_n to_o they_o if_o they_o be_v take_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o latin_n in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o age_n helvidius_n and_o jovinian_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o vigilantius_n appear_v in_o defence_n of_o marriage_n against_o the_o exorbitant_a pretention_n of_o celibacy_n what_o their_o particular_a opinion_n be_v be_v not_o well_o know_v nor_o may_v we_o safe_o believe_v st._n hierom_n their_o profess_a adversary_n in_o represent_v of_o they_o since_o all_o the_o world_n know_v how_o much_o he_o have_v misrepresent_v ruffinus_n however_o certain_a it_o be_v all_o of_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o some_o error_n hilvidius_fw-la thought_n the_o v._o mary_n to_o have_v have_v several_a child_n by_o her_o husband_n joseph_n after_o the_o birth_n of_o jesus_n jovinian_a 82._o maintain_v the_o equality_n of_o all_o sin_n &_o impeccability_n of_o regenerate_a person_n vigilantius_n believe_v it_o convenient_a for_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o church_n which_o receive_v great_a prejudice_n from_o the_o incontinence_n of_o the_o unmarried_a clergy_n that_o none_o shall_v be_v admit_v into_o order_n which_o be_v not_o marry_v that_o so_o all_o danger_n of_o future_a scandal_n may_v be_v prevent_v all_o these_o we_o willing_o grant_v to_o have_v be_v error_n but_o not_o heresy_n the_o first_o may_v be_v owe_v to_o a_o mistake_n of_o history_n the_o last_o of_o policy_n and_o the_o second_o indeed_o be_v notorious_o false_a but_o far_o from_o the_o contagion_n of_o heresy_n as_o for_o their_o common_a opinion_n about_o marriage_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o the_o intrinsic_a merit_n of_o marriage_n and_o celibacy_n be_v both_o equal_a which_o however_o brand_v with_o the_o name_n of_o heresy_n by_o st._n hierom_n be_v a_o most_o certain_a truth_n if_o they_o believe_v the_o accidental_a merit_n of_o both_o to_o be_v equal_a which_o it_o can_v be_v never_o prove_v that_o they_o do_v this_o indeed_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o person_n who_o have_v the_o gift_n of_o continence_n may_v do_v great_a service_n to_o god_n and_o the_o church_n in_o a_o unmarried_a than_o in_o a_o marry_a state_n but_o a_o mistake_n that_o neither_o injure_a faith_n nor_o be_v repugnant_a to_o revelation_n indeed_o jovinian_a have_v a_o peculiar_a error_n of_o a_o grosser_n nature_n that_o the_o violation_n of_o a_o vow_n of_o continence_n be_v a_o thing_n indifferent_a even_o in_o those_o who_o can_v contain_v for_o we_o willing_o allow_v that_o when_o a_o vow_n of_o continence_n can_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n or_o danger_n be_v preserve_v it_o ought_v in_o no_o case_n to_o be_v violate_v however_o that_o any_o of_o they_o be_v formal_a heretic_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v prove_v rather_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o vigilantius_n not_o only_o draw_v several_a init_fw-la catholic_n bishop_n into_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o himself_o who_o thereupon_o confer_v order_n to_o none_o but_o marry_a pudicitiam_fw-la man_n but_o that_o he_o live_v and_o die_v in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n st._n hierom_n indeed_o load_v they_o all_o with_o the_o most_o opprobious_a name_n and_o term_v they_o the_o worst_a of_o heretic_n but_o his_o prejudice_n and_o passion_n be_v too_o well_o know_v to_o be_v herein_o trust_v in_o opposition_n to_o these_o man_n st._n hierom_n write_v several_a tract_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v so_o many_o panegyric_n of_o celicy_n and_o invective_n against_o marriage_n here_o he_o adopt_v and_o reinforce_v all_o the_o prejudices_fw-la and_o mistake_v of_o the_o former_a and_o present_a age_n particular_o so_o far_o urge_v the_o suppose_a impurity_n of_o marriage_n that_o he_o assert_v it_o to_o be_v a_o sin_n and_o exclude_v marry_v person_n from_o all_o hope_n of_o salvation_n as_o we_o before_o prove_v by_o produce_v several_a place_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v many_o more_o this_o be_v a_o error_n far_o great_a than_o any_o of_o those_o which_o he_o oppose_v and_o which_o if_o dogmatical_o propose_v and_o pertinacious_o maintain_v will_v be_v downright_a heresy_n but_o we_o charitable_o suppose_v those_o harsh_a expression_n be_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o passion_n than_o the_o product_n of_o his_o judgement_n and_o if_o he_o have_v exceed_v all_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o reason_n in_o depress_v marriage_n no_o less_o have_v he_o in_o exalt_v celibacy_n this_o himself_n acknowledge_v when_o upon_o a_o review_n of_o his_o book_n against_o helvidius_n he_o confess_v fine_a he_o play_v the_o orator_n too_o much_o and_o extend_v his_o rhetoric_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o severe_a truth_n this_o his_o error_n about_o marriage_n and_o proceed_v upon_o false_a prejudices_fw-la may_v just_o invalidate_v st._n hieroms_n authority_n in_o the_o case_n of_o celibacy_n which_o yet_o he_o no_o where_o say_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o clergy_n but_o only_o high_o eonvenient_a and_o decorous_a to_o the_o dignity_n and_o holiness_n of_o their_o order_n it_o may_v be_v some_o further_a diminution_n to_o his_o authority_n in_o this_o case_n that_o all_o these_o extravagant_a encomium_n of_o virginity_n seem_v to_o have_v proceed_v only_o from_o a_o immoderate_a desire_n of_o repair_v thereby_o his_o injure_a reputation_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o name_n suffer_v under_o unjust_a suspicion_n of_o too_o great_a familiarity_n with_o the_o lady_n paula_n which_o have_v proceed_v so_o far_o and_o take_v such_o deep_a root_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o roman_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v rome_n in_o disgrace_n when_o he_o be_v design_v by_o all_o man_n to_o succeed_v damasus_n in_o the_o popedom_n upon_o occasion_n of_o st._n hierom_n i_o will_v here_o say_v somewhat_o of_o epiphanius_n who_o alone_o beside_o he_o of_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o this_o time_n seem_v fond_a of_o the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n although_o he_o not_o only_o allow_v but_o even_o advise_v marriage_n to_o they_o in_o case_n of_o insuperable_a incontinence_n his_o great_a affection_n and_o veneration_n of_o st._n hierom_n make_v he_o ready_a to_o receive_v whatsoever_o be_v propose_v by_o he_o and_o then_o his_o weak_a judgement_n enable_v he_o not_o to_o discover_v the_o sophistry_n and_o mistake_v of_o his_o reason_v of_o the_o imbecility_n of_o his_o judgement_n photius_n 122._o long_o since_o observe_v that_o in_o his_o great_a work_n against_o heresy_n he_o have_v do_v injury_n to_o truth_n by_o a_o weak_a defence_n of_o it_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o five_o age_n pope_n innocent_n i._o renew_v and_o confirm_v the_o constitution_n of_o his_o predecessor_n siricius_n in_o two_o epistle_n one_o 9_o to_o victricius_n bishop_n of_o rouen_n write_v in_o the_o year_n 404._o the_o other_o 1._o to_o exuperius_n bishop_n of_o tholouse_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v in_o both_o he_o allege_v and_o enforce_v only_o the_o old_a argument_n of_o the_o impurity_n of_o marriage_n which_o make_v it_o incompatible_a with_o the_o daily_a administration_n of_o holy_a thing_n perform_v by_o the_o
the_o effect_n of_o enforce_a celibacy_n and_o the_o council_n of_o metz_n 5._o in_o the_o same_o year_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n the_o next_o year_n riculfus_n bishop_n of_o soissons_fw-fr publish_v his_o constitution_n 416._o wherein_o 14._o he_o not_o only_o renew_v the_o canon_n of_o these_o two_o last_o council_n but_o also_o forbid_v the_o clergy_n to_o talk_v with_o woman_n in_o private_a or_o even_o speak_v to_o they_o without_o some_o witness_n stand_v by_o these_o be_v the_o progress_n and_o gradation_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o western_a church_n from_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a to_o the_o time_n of_o hildebrand_n propose_v it_o be_v by_o some_o doctor_n of_o great_a authority_n enforce_v by_o pope_n and_o enjoin_v by_o council_n yet_o can_v not_o all_o these_o authority_n effectual_o recommend_v to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o clergy_n a_o doctrine_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o first_o notion_n of_o reason_n and_o common_a inclination_n of_o mankind_n the_o frequent_a and_o continual_a repetition_n and_o renew_n of_o decree_n and_o canon_n to_o the_o establishment_n of_o it_o argue_v the_o universal_a opposition_n which_o it_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o world_n every_o late_a decree_n manifest_v that_o the_o former_a be_v unsuccessful_a and_o indeed_o most_o of_o these_o constitution_n be_v usher_v in_o with_o a_o preface_n of_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o retain_v their_o wife_n against_o the_o express_a prohibition_n of_o the_o church_n all_o the_o aforementioned_a council_n be_v provincial_a and_o pope_n have_v not_o yet_o claim_v the_o government_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n so_o that_o all_o these_o decree_n affect_v not_o the_o eastern_a church_n at_o all_o nor_o those_o part_n even_o of_o the_o western_a church_n which_o be_v neither_o subject_n to_o the_o roman_a patriarchat_n nor_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o particular_a council_n and_o even_o in_o those_o church_n which_o be_v then_o subject_a to_o either_o of_o they_o the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n be_v never_o universal_o receive_v and_o obey_v and_o at_o last_o so_o far_o neglect_v and_o grow_v obsolete_a that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o age_n marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v as_o free_o use_v and_o as_o general_o practise_v in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o western_a church_n as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o reform_a church_n this_o i_o come_v next_o to_o prove_v where_o i_o may_v just_o have_v omit_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o eastern_a church_n if_o our_o adversary_n do_v not_o pretend_v a_o universal_a practice_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o eastern_a as_o well_o as_o western_a church_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o quinisext_a council_n the_o refutation_n of_o this_o pretence_n will_v necessitate_v we_o to_o speak_v in_o general_a of_o the_o practice_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o ancient_a universal_a church_n in_o the_o â—…ase_n of_o celibacy_n and_o first_o to_o take_v away_o all_o prejudice_n which_o may_v possess_v the_o reader_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a at_o least_o improbable_a that_o a_o custom_n persuade_v by_o many_o doctor_n command_v by_o pope_n and_o council_n successive_o in_o several_a age_n and_o which_o divers_a of_o the_o father_n affirm_v to_o have_v be_v universal_o practise_v in_o their_o time_n shall_v never_o be_v general_o use_v by_o the_o clergy_n i_o will_v produce_v a_o example_n of_o a_o matter_n of_o discipline_n of_o far_o less_o moment_n which_o be_v urge_v and_o enjoin_v with_o great_a advantage_n and_o authority_n and_o the_o universal_a practice_n of_o it_o attest_v by_o more_o writer_n which_o yet_o after_o all_o never_o general_o obtain_v in_o the_o church_n and_o be_v indeed_o disuse_v in_o all_o age_n i_o mean_v the_o case_n of_o bigamist_n who_o by_o a_o early_a custom_n of_o the_o church_n begin_v before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o century_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o clergy_n this_o exclusion_n be_v command_v by_o the_o apostolic_a canon_n 16._o by_o the_o apostolic_a constitution_n 17._o by_o st._n basil_n canonical_a epistle_n 12._o to_o amphilochius_n by_o the_o council_n of_o valence_n 1._o agatha_n 1._o four_o of_o arles_n 3._o three_o of_o constantinople_n 3._o of_o rome_n 2._o under_o pope_n hilarus_n of_o aquisgran_n 9_o and_o infinite_a other_o by_o the_o pope_n siricius_n 1._o innocent_n 5._o leo_n 1_o gelasius_n 22._o and_o gregory_z 25._o tertullian_n 7._o say_v the_o ordination_n of_o bigamist_n be_v forbid_v by_o apostolical_a tradition_n and_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n origen_n luc._n affirm_v that_o in_o his_o time_n bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n can_v not_o be_v bigamist_n st._n ambrose_n assert_v vercell_n this_o prohibition_n to_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a pope_n innocent_a 2._o say_v no_o question_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v of_o it_o it_o be_v manifest_o of_o divine_a institution_n pope_n leo_n 4._o that_o this_o precept_n be_v ever_o hold_v sacred_a and_o 1._o that_o nâ—…ither_o law_n nor_o gospel_n will_v permit_v such_o to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o clergy_n epiphanius_n 4._o in_o truth_n the_o holy_a command_n of_o god_n after_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n receive_v not_o into_o the_o clergy_n those_o who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o first_o wife_n contract_v a_o second_o marriage_n st._n hierom_n 1._o a_o bigamist_n can_v be_v choose_v into_o the_o clergy_n and_o monog_n a_o layman_n be_v not_o choose_v into_o the_o clergy_n if_o he_o be_v a_o bigamist_n st._n augustin_n 18._o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o ordain_v any_o but_o the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n hilary_n the_o deacon_n 12._o no_o bigamist_n be_v ordain_v and_o by_o all_o the_o same_o authority_n he_o who_o have_v keep_v a_o concubine_n be_v make_v uncapable_a of_o the_o clergy_n after_o so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a authority_n the_o common_a tradition_n of_o both_o church_n command_v of_o general_n council_n and_o belief_n of_o divine_a institution_n all_o which_o advantage_n the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n want_v who_o can_v imagine_v any_o otherwise_o than_o that_o this_o point_n of_o discipline_n be_v â—…niversally_o receive_v and_o practise_v without_o exception_n or_o limitation_n yet_o nothing_o less_o textullian_n object_n this_o to_o the_o catholic_n as_o a_o main_a argument_n of_o his_o separation_n and_o departure_n to_o the_o montanist_n that_o they_o admit_v bigamist_n even_o to_o the_o episcopal_a dignity_n among_o you_o say_v he_o 12._o how_o many_o bigamists_n preside_v and_o when_o theodoret_n ordain_v count_n irenaeus_n a_o bigamist_n then_o in_o disfavour_n at_o court_n bishop_n of_o tyre_n and_o his_o enemy_n lay_v hold_v of_o that_o pretence_n to_o accuse_v he_o of_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o canon_n he_o defend_v domnum_fw-la himself_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o phoenicia_n who_o give_v their_o suffrage_n to_o the_o ordination_n by_o the_o example_n and_o tradition_n of_o his_o predecessor_n by_o the_o example_n of_o alexander_n patriarch_n of_o antioch_n and_o praylius_fw-la of_o jerusalem_n who_o have_v ordain_v bishop_n diogenes_n and_o domninus_n both_o digamist_n that_o he_o follow_v herein_o custom_n and_o famous_a man_n celebrate_v for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o piety_n and_o that_o proclus_n patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n the_o metropolitan_o of_o pontus_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o palestine_n have_v not_o only_o allow_v but_o also_o commend_v this_o ordination_n and_o not_o the_o least_o doubt_v make_v of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o last_o st._n augustin_n be_v ordain_v bishop_n of_o hippo_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o africa_n who_o have_v far_o exceed_v 15._o the_o suppose_a scandal_n of_o digamy_n by_o a_o open_a cohabitation_n of_o two_o concubine_n successive_o and_o which_o deserve_v the_o first_o place_n st._n hierom_n answer_v the_o doubt_n of_o oceanus_n whether_o carterius_n a_o digamist_n be_v canonical_o ordain_v bishop_n sai_z ocean_n i_o wonder_v you_o produce_v the_o example_n of_o no_o more_o than_o one_o whenas_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v full_a of_o these_o ordination_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o priest_n nor_o of_o the_o inferior_a order_n i_o come_v to_o bishop_n who_o if_o i_o shall_v name_v single_o so_o great_a a_o number_n will_v arise_v that_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o synod_n of_o ariminum_n the_o most_o numerous_a council_n which_o have_v be_v then_o hold_v will_v be_v exceed_v that_o the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n be_v no_o less_o disobey_v and_o all_o the_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o the_o universal_a practice_n of_o it_o be_v no_o less_o wide_a mistake_n i_o come_v next_o to_o prove_v and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o eastern_a church_n st._n athanasius_n not_o long_o after_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a write_v to_o dracontius_n a_o holy_a monk_n rebuke_n he_o for_o decline_v the_o episcopal_a office_n and_o refute_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o refusal_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o
be_v that_o in_o the_o episcopal_a dignity_n he_o can_v not_o live_v so_o retire_o as_o he_o desire_v but_o must_v be_v force_v to_o lead_v a_o secular_a kind_n of_o life_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o athanasius_n show_v he_o that_o as_o to_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v perform_v in_o the_o one_o state_n which_o may_v not_o in_o the_o other_o and_o that_o when_o a_o bishop_n he_o may_v as_o well_o use_v the_o retiredness_n of_o a_o monk_n as_o many_o monk_n do_v the_o usual_a freedom_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o produce_v this_o instance_n fin_n for_o many_o bishop_n have_v not_o marriâ—…d_v at_o all_o and_o many_o monk_n have_v be_v father_n of_o child_n as_o we_o have_v know_v bishop_n father_n of_o child_n and_o monk_n have_v no_o posterity_n for_o both_o be_v alike_o lawful_a to_o each_o order_n neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v forbid_v to_o they_o a_o more_o express_a passage_n than_o this_o can_v be_v conceive_v where_o he_o affirm_v many_o bishop_n to_o have_v get_v child_n after_o their_o consecration_n and_o by_o the_o instance_n insinuate_v that_o this_o be_v very_o usual_a with_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o time_n that_o this_o procreation_n of_o child_n be_v perform_v by_o they_o while_o bishop_n not_o before_o be_v most_o evident_a since_o otherwise_o the_o instance_n of_o athanasius_n will_v have_v be_v high_o impertinent_a for_o dracontius_n in_o decline_v the_o episcopal_a dignity_n do_v not_o dread_v the_o life_n of_o bishop_n before_o they_o be_v make_v bishop_n that_o be_v the_o state_n wherein_o himself_o then_o be_v and_o desire_v to_o continue_v but_o the_o suppose_a encumbrance_n of_o a_o bishop_n life_n after_o he_o be_v make_v bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 357._o the_o emperor_n constantius_n make_v a_o law_n 14._o that_o all_o clergyman_n shall_v enjoy_v this_o privilege_n that_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o servant_n of_o both_o sex_n and_o their_o child_n also_o that_o be_v the_o whole_a family_n of_o clergyman_n shall_v be_v always_o exempt_a tribute_n and_o all_o public_a burden_n there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o other_o law_n in_o the_o theodosian_a code_n make_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n of_o the_o clergy_n which_o it_o be_v not_o here_o necessary_a to_o repeat_v about_o the_o year_n 375._o some_o superstitious_a christian_n have_v conceive_v so_o great_a a_o veneration_n of_o celibacy_n that_o they_o despise_v the_o marry_a clergy_n and_o will_v rather_o defer_v baptism_n for_o many_o year_n together_o than_o be_v baptize_v by_o bishop_n and_o priest_n who_o abstain_v not_o from_o their_o wife_n these_o st._n gregory_n nazianzen_n sharp_o rebuke_n say_v not_o say_v he_o 25._o a_o bishop_n shall_v baptize_v i_o or_o if_o a_o presbyter_n at_o least_o one_o of_o those_o who_o be_v unmarried_a and_o one_o of_o those_o that_o profess_v continence_n and_o thereby_o imitate_v the_o life_n of_o angel_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o many_o presbyter_n abstain_v not_o from_o their_o wife_n for_o this_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o those_o foolish_a christian_n scrupilosity_n suppose_v some_o impurity_n to_o be_v in_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n have_v the_o marry_a priest_n renounce_v the_o company_n of_o their_o wife_n they_o have_v be_v no_o less_o continent_n than_o the_o unmarried_a one_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o simple_o their_o marriage_n but_o their_o use_n of_o it_o which_o those_o person_n dislike_v about_o the_o same_o time_n epiphanius_n write_v his_o panarium_n wherein_o oppose_v the_o chastity_n and_o continence_n of_o the_o catholic_n clergy_n to_o the_o heretic_n call_v apostolici_fw-la say_v that_o continence_n even_o from_o their_o own_o wife_n be_v universal_o observe_v by_o they_o but_o then_o be_v force_v to_o qualify_v his_o boast_n with_o this_o clause_n 4._o this_o be_v do_v chief_o where_o the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n or_o rather_o custom_n for_o no_o such_o canon_n be_v yet_o make_v be_v accurate_a but_o you_o will_v certain_o say_v to_o i_o that_o in_o some_o place_n priest_n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n do_v yet_o beget_v child_n this_o be_v do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o canon_n or_o rule_n of_o ut_fw-la most_o perfection_n but_o by_o the_o negligence_n of_o man_n increase_v with_o time_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o clergy_n there_o be_v not_o find_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o continent_n person_n here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o voluntary_a continence_n be_v not_o introduce_v in_o some_o place_n that_o where_o it_o be_v introduce_v it_o obtain_v not_o universal_o which_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o word_n chief_o and_o last_o that_o even_o there_o it_o be_v a_o novel_a introduction_n for_o speak_v of_o those_o clergy_n who_o do_v not_o abstain_v he_o say_v they_o yet_o beget_v child_n but_o after_o all_o we_o be_v not_o to_o rely_v much_o upon_o his_o testimony_n even_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o fact._n the_o good_a man_n who_o be_v far_o from_o a_o accurate_a writer_n seem_v to_o have_v take_v his_o measure_n whole_o from_o his_o native_a country_n of_o palestine_n wherein_o he_o be_v very_o much_o conversant_a even_o after_o he_o be_v bishop_n which_o province_n be_v at_o that_o time_n â—…illed_v with_o monk_n and_o monkish_a clergy_n who_o flock_v thither_o out_o of_o reverence_n to_o the_o holy_a place_n the_o author_n indeed_o of_o the_o homily_n upon_o job_n among_o st._n chrysostom_n work_n testify_v fin_n that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o use_n of_o marriage_n be_v forbid_v to_o bishop_n and_o therefore_o bellarmin_n fail_v not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o his_o authority_n but_o first_o this_o concern_v not_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o then_o these_o homily_n belong_v not_o to_o st._n chrysostom_n in_o the_o judgement_n both_o of_o fronto_n ducaeus_n and_o sir_n h._n savil_n but_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v write_v after_o the_o quinisext_a council_n when_o continence_n be_v first_o impose_v upon_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o greek_a church_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o five_o age_n socrates_n the_o historian_n write_v who_o observe_v it_o as_o a_o peculiar_a custom_n of_o thessalia_n macedonia_n and_o achaia_n that_o the_o clergy_n there_o abstain_v from_o their_o wife_n therein_o dissent_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n say_v indeed_o that_o many_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o east_n but_o that_o 22._o all_o who_o do_v this_o do_v it_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n even_o bishop_n do_v it_o only_o voluntary_o not_o necessitate_v to_o it_o by_o any_o canon_n for_o many_o of_o they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o bishopric_n have_v beget_v child_n of_o their_o lawful_a wife_n so_o plain_a a_o passage_n need_v no_o comment_n in_o a_o few_o age_n this_o voluntary_a abstinence_n of_o bishop_n become_v universal_a in_o most_o province_n of_o the_o east_n although_o the_o bishop_n of_o africa_n libya_n and_o some_o other_o place_n retain_v as_o former_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n therefore_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o seven_o age_n the_o quinisext_a council_n take_v advantage_n from_o this_o voluntary_a abstinence_n to_o impose_v a_o necessary_a abstinence_n 12._o upon_o all_o bishop_n and_o oblige_v the_o bishop_n of_o africa_n herein_o to_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o general_a custom_n they_o inflict_v no_o censure_n upon_o the_o african_a bishop_n for_o retain_v the_o company_n of_o their_o wife_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o blame_v they_o but_o rather_o term_v they_o 〈◊〉_d most_o religious_a bishop_n and_o profess_v they_o impose_v abstinence_n upon_o they_o only_o 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o better_a edification_n of_o the_o people_n till_o that_o council_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o east_n free_o enjoy_v the_o use_n of_o marriag_n this_o we_o have_v prove_v by_o the_o precede_a testimony_n and_o may_v be_v further_o evince_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o balsamon_n the_o great_a canonist_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n who_o word_n be_v these_o apost_n before_o the_o six_o synod_n hold_v in_o trullo_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o bishop_n to_o have_v wife_n even_o after_o their_o consecration_n as_o well_o as_o priest_n and_o deacon_n who_o be_v ordain_v after_o marriage_n so_o that_o eutychius_n 1._o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n be_v gross_o mistake_v when_o he_o terminate_v the_o marriage_n of_o bishop_n at_o the_o time_n of_o â—…he_a council_n of_o nice_a if_o he_o do_v not_o rather_o mean_v that_o till_o than_o they_o all_o retain_v their_o wife_n but_o after_o that_o time_n they_o begin_v a_o voluntary_a abstinence_n which_o sense_n indeed_o his_o word_n do_v more_o natural_o import_v as_o for_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n that_o be_v so_o common_o use_v at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o eastern_a church_n that_o in_o armenia_n they_o have_v take_v up_o a_o custom_n of_o admit_v none_o
his_o office_n say_v the_o canon_n of_o ancyra_n he_o shall_v maechari_fw-la be_v excommunicate_v say_v that_o of_o eliberis_n this_o canon_n do_v not_o only_o prove_v beyond_o all_o contradiction_n the_o cohabitation_n of_o the_o clergy_n with_o their_o wife_n after_o ordination_n but_o also_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o they_o abstain_v not_o from_o the_o company_n of_o their_o wife_n by_o that_o proviso_n if_o her_o husband_n know_v that_o she_o commit_v adultery_n which_o otherwise_o will_v have_v be_v impertinent_a for_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o adultery_n of_o any_o man_n wife_n with_o who_o he_o deny_v not_o himself_o shall_v escape_v his_o knowledge_n a_o synod_n hold_v in_o ireland_n by_o st._n patrick_n in_o the_o year_n 450._o or_o 456._o decree_v 52._o that_o if_o any_o clergyman_n from_o a_o sexton_n to_o a_o priest_n shall_v be_v see_v without_o his_o coat_n or_o if_o his_o wife_n walk_v abroad_o without_o a_o veil_n upon_o her_o head_n they_o shall_v be_v both_o of_o they_o contemn_v by_o the_o laity_n and_o separate_v from_o the_o church_n where_o it_o will_v have_v be_v high_o unjust_a to_o punish_v the_o clergy_n for_o the_o light_a carriage_n of_o their_o wife_n if_o at_o their_o ordination_n they_o renounce_v the_o company_n of_o their_o wife_n and_o thenceforth_o cease_v to_o have_v any_o power_n over_o they_o the_o first_o council_n of_o toledo_n in_o the_o year_n 400._o order_v 7._o that_o if_o the_o wife_n of_o any_o clergyman_n be_v scandalous_a in_o their_o carriage_n or_o rather_o be_v false_a to_o their_o bed_n their_o husband_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o keep_v and_o imprison_v they_o in_o their_o house_n and_o inâ—…lict_v any_o arbitrary_a punishment_n upon_o they_o which_o extend_v not_o to_o death_n but_o themselves_o shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o eat_v with_o they_o unless_o they_o first_o do_v penance_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o before_o the_o fault_n commit_v they_o may_v have_v eat_v with_o their_o wife_n and_o even_o after_o the_o fault_n may_v again_o receive_v they_o to_o the_o usual_a familiarity_n of_o a_o wife_n if_o they_o will_v â—…irst_n do_v penance_n which_o be_v in_o conformity_n to_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n which_o enjoin_v that_o if_o the_o adultery_n of_o even_o any_o layman_n wife_n be_v notorious_a he_o shall_v either_o be_v bind_v to_o put_v she_o away_o or_o if_o he_o will_v retain_v she_o first_o to_o do_v penance_n lest_o he_o shall_v otherwise_o seem_v to_o have_v consent_v to_o and_o connive_v at_o her_o adultery_n a_o evident_a argument_n of_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n permit_v to_o the_o clergy_n may_v be_v also_o draw_v from_o the_o violent_a and_o forcible_a ordination_n of_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n which_o be_v frequent_a in_o the_o ancient_a church_n for_o many_o of_o these_o person_n thus_o violent_o and_o against_o their_o will_n ordain_v be_v marry_v who_o resolution_n to_o abstain_v from_o their_o wife_n can_v not_o then_o be_v know_v and_o as_o all_o acknowledge_v can_v not_o be_v force_v or_o if_o they_o shall_v condescend_v to_o such_o a_o renunciation_n of_o the_o pleasure_n of_o marriage_n yet_o be_v it_o uncertain_a whether_o their_o wife_n will_v conâ—…ent_v to_o it_o who_o if_o they_o shall_v dissent_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v defraud_v of_o their_o husband_n embrace_n as_o all_o will_v grant_v and_o therefore_o total_a abstinence_n be_v not_o universal_o use_v by_o the_o clergy_n while_o such_o violent_a ordination_n be_v in_o use_n i_o will_v produce_v but_o two_o example_n of_o they_o paulinus_n as_o himself_o 101._o relate_v be_v present_a in_o the_o church_n of_o barcelona_n upon_o christmas-day_n be_v sudden_o lay_v hold_v on_o by_o the_o people_n drag_v to_o their_o bishop_n lampius_fw-la than_o officiate_a at_o the_o altar_n and_o ordain_v by_o he_o his_o wife_n therasia_n not_o know_v of_o it_o till_o it_o be_v do_v in_o africa_n about_o the_o same_o time_n pinianus_n a_o illustrious_a nobleman_n of_o rome_n but_o more_o famous_a for_o his_o piety_n go_v with_o his_o wife_n melania_n to_o visit_v st._n augustin_n 225._o be_v beset_v in_o the_o church_n of_o hippo_n by_o the_o people_n and_o force_v to_o divert_v their_o present_a intention_n by_o promise_v they_o under_o hand_n and_o seal_n before_o many_o witness_n that_o if_o they_o will_v now_o dismiss_v he_o he_o will_v in_o due_a time_n enter_v into_o priest_n order_n among_o they_o this_o he_o do_v his_o wife_n melania_n be_v not_o only_o unwilling_a but_o even_o weep_v and_o protest_v against_o it_o as_o loath_a to_o descend_v from_o the_o pomp_n of_o a_o roman_a lady_n to_o the_o humility_n of_o a_o priest_n wife_n the_o title_n which_o be_v ancient_o bestow_v upon_o the_o 567._o wife_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v no_o mean_a argument_n of_o their_o cohabitation_n and_o continue_a use_n of_o marriage_n the_o wife_n of_o bishop_n priest_n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n be_v frequent_o 578._o in_o the_o council_n call_v bishopess_n priestesses_z deaconess_n and_o subdeaconess_n title_n which_o argue_v they_o do_v not_o immediate_o cease_v to_o be_v wife_n upon_o the_o 743._o promotion_n of_o their_o husband_n to_o those_o several_a order_n nor_o lose_v all_o relation_n to_o they_o rather_o the_o first_o of_o these_o canon_n enjoin_v that_o a_o bishop_n have_v no_o bishopess_n no_o wife_n shall_v not_o keep_v any_o number_n of_o woman_n in_o his_o family_n which_o plain_o intimate_v that_o he_o may_v admit_v woman_n into_o his_o family_n if_o he_o have_v a_o wife_n to_o preside_v over_o they_o and_o by_o her_o prudent_a government_n secure_v their_o sobriety_n last_o child_n be_v the_o visible_a effect_n of_o marriage_n and_o those_o many_o son_n of_o the_o clergy_n which_o be_v eminent_a in_o the_o ancient_a church_n manifest_a there_o be_v many_o more_o who_o neither_o deserve_v nor_o obtain_v any_o place_n in_o history_n and_o that_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v then_o both_o frequent_a and_o honourable_a i_o will_v produce_v the_o chief_a of_o they_o in_o the_o first_o age_n we_o have_v petronilla_n daughter_n of_o st._n peter_n four_o virgin-prophetesses_a daughter_n of_o philip_n the_o evangelist_n and_o three_o daughter_n of_o st._n philip_n the_o apostle_n in_o the_o second_o age_n martion_n the_o degenerate_a son_n of_o a_o pious_a 30._o and_o orthodox_n bishop_n in_o the_o three_o age_n domnus_n son_n of_o dometrianus_fw-la bishop_n of_o antioch_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o that_o see_v upon_o the_o deprivation_n of_o paulus_n samosatenus_fw-la in_o the_o four_o age_n probus_n and_o metrophanes_n be_v the_o son_n and_o in_o order_n successor_n of_o dometius_n bishop_n of_o byzantium_n eustathus_fw-la bishop_n of_o sebastea_fw-la be_v son_n of_o eulalius_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n in_o cappadocia_n st._n gregory_n nazianzen_n bishop_n of_o constantinople_n and_o caesarius_n count_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o questor_n of_o bythinia_n both_o son_n of_o gregory_n bishop_n of_o nazianzen_n sozomen_n 6._o mention_n a_o great_a officer_n in_o the_o court_n of_o theodosius_n the_o emperor_n son_n of_o helladius_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n in_o cappadocia_n flavius_z dexter_n praefectus-praetorio_a of_o the_o east_n be_v the_o son_n of_o pacianus_n bishop_n of_o barcelona_n abra_n daughter_n of_o st._n hilary_n eulampia_n daughter_n of_o anicius_n a_o presbyter_n and_o mother_n of_o philostorgius_n the_o historian_n apollinaris_n the_o learned_a bishop_n of_o laodicia_n son_n of_o the_o no_o less_o learned_a apollinaris_n presbyter_n of_o laodicia_n evagrius_n ponticus_n archdeacon_n of_o constantinople_n son_n of_o a_o presbyter_n of_o iberia_n pope_n anastatius_fw-la son_n pontif_n of_o maximus_n a_o presbyter_n in_o the_o five_o age_n there_o be_v julianus_n bishop_n of_o ecla_n in_o campania_n son_n of_o memor_n bishop_n of_o capua_n and_o his_o wife_n ja_n daughter_n of_o aemilius_n bishop_n of_o beneventum_n st._n patrick_n son_n of_o calphurnius_fw-la a_o deacon_n leporius_n presbyter_n of_o marseilles_n son_n of_o sulpicius_n severus_n presbyter_n of_o france_n as_o some_o think_v that_o sulpicius_n be_v marry_v be_v evident_a from_o his_o epistle_n to_o bassula_n his_o mother-in-law_n pope_n boniface_n i._o son_n 130._o of_o secundus_fw-la presbyter_n of_o rome_n theodulus_fw-la son_n of_o st._n nilus_n presbyter_n of_o elusa_n auspiciola_n daughter_n of_o salvian_n presbyter_n of_o marseilles_n photina_n a_o holy_a virgin_n daughter_n of_o theoctistus_n presbyter_n of_o lâ—…odicea_n salonius_n and_o verarius_fw-la son_n of_o eucherius_n archbishop_n of_o lion_n and_o both_o bishop_n in_o their_o father_n life-time_n gelasius_n cyzicenus_n archbishop_n of_o caesarea_n in_o palestine_n son_n of_o a_o presbyter_n in_o cyzicum_n alcimus_n avitus_n archbishop_n of_o vien_fw-it and_o apollinaris_n bishop_n of_o valence_n son_n of_o isicius_n archbishop_n of_o vien_fw-it superventor_n a_o clergyman_n of_o france_n son_n 1492._o of_o claudius_n a_o bishop_n pope_n foelix_n iii_o
worship_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o gentile_n we_o shall_v find_v celibacy_n in_o no_o great_a esteem_n among_o they_o and_o marriage_n not_o only_o allow_v to_o their_o priest_n but_o even_o make_v necessary_a to_o some_o of_o they_o insomuch_o as_o the_o pontifex_n maximus_n among_o the_o roman_n can_v continue_v no_o long_o in_o his_o office_n than_o his_o wife_n live_v sin_n st._n herom_n indeed_o and_o after_o he_o all_o the_o champion_n of_o celibacy_n allege_v the_o exmple_n of_o the_o hierophantae_n of_o athons_n but_o have_v that_o good_a father_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o disputation_n consider_v the_o character_n of_o those_o priest_n he_o will_v not_o have_v venture_v to_o produce_v their_o example_n for_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o relation_n of_o lucian_n and_o the_o more_o ancient_a christian_a writer_n those_o hierophantae_n of_o greece_n practise_v in_o their_o secret_a rite_n and_o mystery_n the_o most_o abominable_a lust_n and_o villainy_n of_o the_o pagan_a superftition_n in_o speak_v of_o this_o matter_n i_o will_v further_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o great_a order_n of_o priest_n among_o the_o heathen_n which_o profess_v virginity_n those_o of_o cybele_n or_o isis_n for_o as_o for_o the_o vestal_a virgin_n they_o be_v permit_v to_o marry_v when_o their_o time_n of_o service_n be_v expire_v and_o but_o one_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n that_o decry_v and_o contemn_v marriage_n the_o 421._o epicurean_o and_o of_o these_o the_o first_o be_v the_o most_o infamous_a and_o incontinent_a of_o all_o priest_n the_o latter_a the_o most_o debauch_a and_o voluptuous_a of_o all_o philosopher_n last_o if_o we_o consult_v reason_n for_o scripture_n we_o have_v before_o examiee_v and_o tradition_n we_o shall_v hereafter_o neither_o will_v that_o declare_v in_o favour_n of_o celibacy_n that_o will_v only_o teach_v we_o that_o state_n be_v more_o noble_a which_o most_o advance_v the_o happiness_n of_o life_n and_o give_v the_o great_a assistance_n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o our_o nature_n for_o neither_o marriage_n nor_o celibacy_n have_v of_o themselves_o any_o intrinsic_a merit_n at_o least_o not_o celibacy_n as_o we_o before_o prove_v neither_o of_o they_o do_v immediate_o and_o direct_o illuminate_v the_o understanding_n refine_v the_o reason_n or_o purge_v the_o will._n now_o the_o happiness_n of_o human_a life_n and_o the_o perfection_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o the_o tranquillity_n and_o imperturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o it_o be_v sit_v for_o the_o contemplation_n of_o her_o creator_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o all_o more_o noble_a and_o sublime_a virtue_n this_o tranquillity_n next_o to_o habit_n of_o vice_n in_o the_o soul_n be_v chief_o interrupt_v by_o immoderate_a and_o ungoverned_a passion_n in_o the_o body_n although_o even_o those_o habit_n be_v produce_v at_o first_o by_o the_o intemperance_n of_o these_o passion_n the_o great_a and_o most_o vehement_a of_o our_o passion_n be_v those_o of_o desire_n and_o among_o they_o the_o propensity_n to_o the_o continuation_n of_o our_o species_n obtain_v thefirst_n place_n a_o a_o right_a use_n of_o marriage_n satisfy_v this_o propensity_n allay_v its_o violence_n secure_v the_o mind_n from_o all_o tempest_n on_o that_o side_n this_o celibacy_n can_v do_v only_o in_o those_o who_o have_v the_o gift_n of_o continence_n who_o perhaps_o be_v not_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o mankind_n if_o those_o be_v except_v to_o who_o not_o god_n or_o virtue_n but_o some_o defect_n of_o nature_n have_v give_v a_o reprieve_n from_o this_o passion_n in_o the_o rest_n celibacy_n especial_o when_o enforce_v will_v be_v only_o the_o occasion_n of_o perpetual_a or_o at_o least_o intermit_a tempest_n which_o instead_o of_o a_o sweet_a serenity_n will_v introduce_v into_o the_o mind_n a_o turbulent_a commotion_n dissorder_n all_o her_o thought_n and_o deprive_v she_o of_o all_o happiness_n or_o if_o we_o shall_v grant_v which_o be_v most_o false_a that_o celibacy_n well_o govern_v be_v in_o all_o able_a to_o give_v the_o mind_n the_o same_o tranquillity_n and_o secure_v she_o from_o all_o perturbation_n arise_v from_o the_o passion_n of_o desire_n yet_o still_o the_o merit_n and_o advantage_n of_o marriage_n and_o celibacy_n will_v be_v equal_a even_o in_o this_o consideration_n there_o remain_v then_o only_a argument_n of_o temporal_a convenience_n and_o outward_a decorum_n of_o the_o church_n and_o here_o though_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o observe_v that_o argument_n of_o convenience_n be_v of_o no_o validity_n against_o a_o probability_n of_o unlawfulness_n much_o less_o against_o a_o express_a divine_a permission_n yet_o shall_v i_o brief_o examine_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o kind_n produce_v by_o our_o adversary_n they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o three_o head_n a_o great_a immunity_n from_o secular_a care_n and_o worldly_a business_n and_o thereby_o a_o better_a opporunity_n to_o attend_v the_o service_n of_o god_n and_o execute_v the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n second_o a_o certain_a indecency_n in_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n which_o render_v it_o incompatible_a or_o at_o least_o inconvenient_a to_o the_o sacerdotal_a office_n three_o the_o better_a administration_n of_o the_o good_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n as_o for_o the_o first_o that_o may_v indeed_o with_o some_o colour_n have_v be_v plead_v in_o the_o infancy_n of_o the_o gospel_n when_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n be_v design_v as_o itinerant_a preacher_n for_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o faith_n although_o it_o be_v then_o so_o far_o from_o be_v necessary_a that_o many_o of_o the_o apostle_n do_v in_o their_o travel_n lead_v about_o with_o they_o if_o not_o their_o wife_n which_o be_v most_o probable_a yet_o at_o least_o woman_n but_o now_o when_o the_o faith_n be_v plant_v and_o the_o clergy_n have_v particular_a limit_n assign_v they_o wherein_o to_o execute_v their_o office_n that_o reason_n cease_v another_o case_n may_v happen_v wherein_o this_o argument_n may_v take_v place_n in_o time_n of_o persecution_n when_o it_o be_v of_o great_a advantage_n and_o interest_n to_o the_o church_n that_o her_o clergy_n give_v example_n of_o patience_n and_o constancy_n to_o their_o flock_n and_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o a_o man_n will_v embrace_v martyrdom_n with_o a_o great_a resolution_n and_o unconcernedness_n when_o free_v from_o the_o solicitude_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n who_o consideration_n and_o perhaps_o importunity_n may_v tempt_v he_o to_o prevarication_n but_o then_o celibacy_n be_v here_o also_o so_o far_o from_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o will_v augment_v the_o merit_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o martyrdom_n to_o break_v through_o those_o obstacle_n and_o slight_v those_o consideration_n however_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o peaceable_a and_o flourish_a time_n of_o the_o church_n this_o reason_n be_v of_o no_o validity_n hence_o appear_v with_o how_o little_a reason_n our_o adversary_n urge_v that_o so_o much_o celebrate_v text_n of_o st._n paul_n 32._o he_o that_o be_v unmarried_a care_v for_o the_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n how_o he_o may_v please_v the_o lord_n a_o admonition_n by_o the_o apostle_n adapt_v to_o those_o time_n of_o persecution_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o preface_n of_o it_o but_o i_o will_v have_v you_o speak_v to_o all_o christian_n without_o carefulness_n for_o otherwise_o marriage_n do_v not_o necessary_o involve_v more_o carefulness_n or_o disquiet_n than_o celibacy_n if_o a_o great_a anxiety_n do_v ordinary_o attend_v it_o that_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o marriage_n but_o the_o abuse_n of_o men._n and_o therefore_o clemen_n alex._n 3._o answer_n to_o the_o ancient_a heretic_n urge_v this_o very_a text_n against_o marriage_n what_o then_o can_v those_o who_o please_v their_o wife_n in_o a_o lawful_a way_n give_v thanks_o to_o god_n may_v not_o a_o marry_a man_n together_o with_o his_o marriage_n care_v for_o the_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n further_o these_o text_n do_v no_o more_o prove_v the_o necessity_n or_o convenience_n of_o priest_n celibacy_n than_o it_o do_v of_o all_o other_o christian_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v here_o pretend_v that_o the_o clergy_n be_v more_o peculiar_o devote_v to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o more_o particular_o oblige_v to_o this_o duty_n for_o first_o that_o will_v suppose_v some_o excellency_n in_o celibacy_n which_o we_o have_v prove_v can_v be_v find_v and_o then_o the_o priest_n under_o the_o old_a law_n be_v no_o less_o solemn_o dedicate_v to_o god_n who_o yet_o be_v not_o debar_v marriage_n beside_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n exclude_v not_o those_o from_o holy_a order_n who_o have_v either_o bury_v their_o wife_n or_o vow_v a_o perpetual_a abstinence_n from_o they_o although_o they_o may_v have_v many_o child_n then_o alive_a as_o if_o a_o equal_a solicitude_n and_o init_fw-la anxiety_n be_v not_o require_v to_o provide_v for_o child_n beget_v before_o as_o after_o
ordination_n not_o to_o say_v that_o the_o ancient_a heretic_n make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o plea_n and_o shun_v marriage_n to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n of_o provide_v necessary_n for_o a_o family_n and_o that_o the_o apostle_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o this_o inconvenience_n if_o it_o be_v any_o and_o yet_o think_v it_o not_o sufficient_a to_o enjoin_v celibacy_n to_o the_o clergy_n but_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n a_o figment_n and_o a_o vain_a suspicion_n for_o to_o use_v st._n chrysostom_n word_n genes_n marriage_n do_v not_o only_o not_o hinder_v the_o practice_n of_o divine_a philosophy_n if_o we_o will_v be_v sober_a but_o also_o administer_v to_o we_o great_a assistance_n in_o it_o by_o culm_v the_o turbulency_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o permit_v it_o to_o be_v toss_v in_o tempest_n but_o prepare_v it_o a_o haven_n wherein_o to_o ride_v secure_o wherefore_o god_n have_v herein_o grant_v a_o privilege_n to_o mankind_n again_o if_o a_o priest_n or_o bishop_n must_v therefore_o be_v unmarried_a that_o he_o may_v decline_v the_o care_n and_o trouble_v of_o the_o world_n then_o certain_o with_o much_o more_o reason_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o intermeddle_v in_o secular_a business_n and_o the_o government_n of_o whole_a province_n for_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o the_o government_n of_o a_o single_a family_n involve_v more_o care_n and_o trouble_v than_o the_o administration_n of_o st._n peter_n patrimony_n last_o i_o appeal_v to_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n whether_o the_o regulars_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n who_o to_o their_o vow_n of_o continence_n have_v add_v another_o of_o retirement_n from_o the_o world_n do_v not_o busy_v themselves_o in_o secular_a matter_n exercise_v merchandise_n and_o heap_v up_o riches_n beyond_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n the_o second_o reason_n allege_v by_o our_o adversary_n be_v a_o certain_a indecency_n and_o impurity_n in_o the_o act_n of_o marriage_n which_o render_v it_o unfitting_a for_o a_o priest_n to_o proceed_v from_o the_o late_a embrace_n of_o his_o wife_n to_o the_o administration_n of_o holy_a thing_n so_o that_o because_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n do_v either_o daily_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n and_o offer_v up_o scrifice_n of_o praise_n and_o thansgiving_n to_o god_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o people_n or_o at_o least_o ought_v to_o be_v always_o ready_a and_o prepare_v to_o do_v it_o they_o ought_v therefore_o perpetual_o to_o abstain_v from_o conjugal_a duty_n this_o be_v ever_o the_o chief_a argument_n and_o foundation_n of_o celibacy_n pope_n and_o council_n in_o enjoin_v it_o to_o the_o clergy_n seldom_o make_v use_n of_o any_o other_o than_o this_o and_o all_o the_o enemy_n of_o priest_n marriage_n from_o the_o time_n of_o origen_n to_o this_o day_n have_v certain_o place_v it_o in_o the_o front_n of_o their_o argument_n yet_o after_o all_o it_o be_v a_o shameful_a and_o most_o foolish_a sophism_n for_o if_o by_o this_o indecency_n and_o impurity_n in_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n they_o mean_v a_o moral_a one_o that_o be_v absolute_o false_a and_o flat_a heresy_n the_o very_a opinion_n of_o the_o marcionite_n encratites_n and_o other_o more_o absurd_a heretic_n but_o if_o they_o mean_v only_o a_o natural_a impurity_n that_o in_o no_o way_n render_v any_o man_n less_o sit_v for_o the_o service_n of_o god_n nor_o aught_o to_o exclude_v he_o from_o the_o administration_n of_o holy_a thing_n any_o more_o than_o the_o other_o more_o frequent_a evacuation_n of_o nature_n so_o gross_a a_o conceit_n be_v unworthy_a the_o simplicity_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o make_v it_o degenerate_a into_o the_o dregs_o of_o judaisme_n beside_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v a_o natural_a impurity_n somewhat_o indecent_a in_o the_o clergy_n which_o yet_o be_v foolish_a to_o imagine_v of_o a_o secret_a and_o hide_a impurity_n such_o as_o this_o be_v yet_o will_v it_o be_v infinite_o outweigh_v by_o the_o inevitable_a danger_n of_o a_o moral_a tupitude_n to_o which_o priest_n be_v expose_v by_o enforce_v celibacy_n last_o this_o argument_n of_o the_o daily_a celebration_n of_o mass_n and_o consecrate_v of_o the_o eucharist_n affect_v not_o deacon_n nor_o subdeacons_n and_o be_v entire_o overthrow_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o apostolic_a and_o primitive_a time_n when_o all_o baptise_a christian_n daily_o receive_v the_o eucharist_n and_o yet_o can_v be_v suppo'sd_v either_o to_o have_v be_v enjoin_v or_o have_v use_v perpetual_a abstinence_n from_o their_o wife_n the_o three_o reason_n be_v the_o better_a oeconomy_n of_o the_o good_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n which_o our_o adversary_n will_v not_o have_v expend_v upon_o wife_n and_o child_n but_o in_o public_a act_n of_o charity_n this_o might_n indeed_o with_o some_o pretence_n be_v urge_v if_o all_o the_o unmarried_a clergy_n employ_v the_o superfluity_n of_o their_o revenue_n upon_o piety_n and_o charity_n or_o none_o of_o the_o marry_a clergy_n do_v it_o or_o if_o the_o well_o order_v of_o family_n and_o good_a education_n and_o decent_a provision_n for_o child_n be_v not_o of_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a but_o these_o be_v equal_o false_a and_o then_o in_o vain_a be_v wife_n and_o child_n remove_v when_o nephew_n and_o other_o relation_n can_v gain_v access_n the_o example_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n especial_o for_o the_o last_o two_o hundred_o year_n demonstrate_v that_o pope_n have_v employ_v themselves_o with_o great_a zeal_n and_o fervour_n to_o the_o aggrandize_v of_o their_o family_n than_o ever_o the_o marry_a clergy_n of_o the_o reform_a church_n do_v to_o the_o enrich_n of_o their_o posterity_n thus_o have_v we_o examine_v the_o pretend_a advantage_n of_o the_o clergy_n celibacy_n and_o find_v they_o to_o be_v null_n and_o vain_a but_o suppose_v they_o valid_a and_o real_o as_o great_a as_o they_o be_v represent_v to_o we_o by_o our_o adversary_n if_o after_o all_o it_o have_v in_o other_o respect_v no_o less_o disadvantage_n celibacy_n will_v yet_o remain_v indifferent_a both_o in_o its_o nature_n and_o convenience_n to_o pass_v by_o therefore_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o celibacy_n in_o general_n as_o that_o it_o ordinary_o produce_v morosness_n pride_n and_o uncharitableness_n to_o say_v nothing_o worse_o when_o affect_v and_o choose_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o merit_n as_o 3._o clemens_n alex._n of_o old_a observe_v i_o shall_v consider_v only_o the_o particular_a inconvenience_n arise_v from_o the_o enforce_a celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o mention_v but_o two_o of_o they_o but_o those_o so_o great_a and_o sensible_a that_o each_o of_o they_o infinite_o outweigh_v all_o the_o pretend_a advantage_n of_o it_o the_o first_o be_v the_o inevitable_a and_o most_o certain_a danger_n of_o open_a incontinence_n in_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o thereby_o introduce_v a_o horrible_a scandal_n into_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n which_o may_v alone_o more_o effectual_o obstruct_v piety_n and_o virtue_n among_o the_o laity_n than_o the_o preach_a of_o all_o together_o can_v promote_v it_o for_o all_o ignorant_a christian_n which_o be_v the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o the_o church_n be_v lead_v more_o by_o example_n than_o reason_n and_o assent_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n mere_o for_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o pastor_n that_o propose_v it_o so_o that_o the_o scandal_n cause_v by_o the_o lust_n of_o one_o incontinent_a priest_n be_v more_o dangerous_a to_o the_o church_n than_o the_o celibacy_n of_o a_o hundred_o chaste_a priest_n can_v be_v advantageous_a to_o it_o now_o that_o force_a celibacy_n betray_v the_o clergy_n to_o open_a incontinency_n let_v st._n bernard_n speak_v init_fw-la take_v from_o the_o church_n honourable_a marriage_n and_o the_o bed_n undefiled_a do_v you_o not_o fill_v it_o with_o fornicator_n incestuous_a person_n abuser_n of_o themselves_o sodomite_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o uncleanness_n this_o experience_n have_v also_o sad_o demonstrate_v as_o we_o may_v hereafter_o show_v the_o second_o inconvenience_n of_o force_a celibacy_n be_v that_o it_o deprive_v the_o church_n of_o the_o service_n of_o many_o pious_a and_o learned_a man_n who_o either_o be_v already_o marry_v will_v not_o consent_v to_o separate_v themselves_o from_o their_o wife_n or_o be_v yet_o single_a will_v not_o receive_v order_n upon_o the_o term_n of_o celibacy_n as_o either_o find_v that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o gift_n of_o continency_n or_o doubt_v whether_o they_o shall_v always_o have_v it_o the_o lamentable_a effect_n of_o this_o truth_n in_o england_n and_o germany_n in_o the_o eleven_o and_o twelve_o age_n we_o shall_v afterward_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v last_o suppose_v that_o celibacy_n have_v all_o the_o aforementioned_a advantage_n and_o none_o of_o the_o inconvenience_n yet_o still_o if_o marriage_n have_v peculiar_a advantage_n which_o celibacy_n want_v both_o