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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A50062	Fœlix consortium, or, A fit conjuncture of religion and learning in one entire volume, consisting of six books : the first treating of religion in general ... the second of learning ... the third, fourth, fifth and sixth books particularizing the men eminent for religion or learning ... : in an alphabetical order / by Edward Leigh ...; Treatise of religion and learning	Leigh, Edward, 1602-1671.	1663 (1663)	Wing L995; ESTC R12761	642,487	480

Foelix Consortium OR A FIT CONJUNCTURE OF RELIGION AND LEARNING In one entire Volume consisting of six Books The first Treating of RELIGION IN GENERAL The FALSE RELIGIONS and the TRUE And several Questions also discussed concerning that ARGUMENT The Second Of LEARNING the Excellency and Usefulness of it The Liberal Arts the Chiefest Languages the Universities and Publick Schools of several Nations The Third Fourth Fifth and Sixth Books Particularizing the Men Eminent for Religion or Learning Divine or Humane among the Jews Christians Ancient or Modern Writers Protestants or Papists Characterizing their Persons and giving Judgment of their Works In an Alphabetical Order By EDWARD LEIGH Master of Arts of Magdalen-Hall in Oxford LONDON Printed for Charles Adams at the Sign of the Talbot near S t. Dunstans Church in Fleetstreet 1663. TO THE Right Reverend JAMES USHER Arch-Bishop of Armagh HONOURED SIR BOth the Subject I handle and my own special Obligation are a just Apologie for my Dedication of this Treatise unto you I treat of Religion and Learning a noble Argument and were it answerably handled well-worthy of so noble a Patronage Learning is the great Ornament of a man and true Religion which is an honouring of God suitably to his Excellency is the great Ornament of a Christian. Where there is a happy conjunction of a learned Head and a sincere and truly religious Heart there is a Person every way accomplisht Bishop Juell is frequently for this reason styled The Jewell of Bishops and of D r Raynolds it is said Incertum est fuerit doctior an melior D r Rivet and Peter du Moulin two French Divines are famous for their eminent Piety learned Writings and fifty years preaching Your Name is also precious in all the Reformed Churches witness the Dedication of divers learned Treatises to you and the honourable mention which many learned men frequently make of you One thing I shall desire to specifie which I look upon as one of your great Accomplishments your humble and affable Disposition both in a free admission of the very meanest and also in a ready communicating of your self unto them which noble quality being in you when you were at the highest as I have heard is therefore the more commendable Your sending to Samaria for several Copies of the Samaritane Pentateuch bringing them first into Europe and dispersing them many wayes and also your purchasing at a dear rate the Syriack-Bible and many other Syriack-Books from Syria and your free imparting them to such Schollers as were skilfull in that Language is deservedly celebrated by M r Selden in his Preface ad Marmora Arundeliana De Dieu in his Epistle Dedicatory to the Acts and D r Boot in his Index Autorum before his Animadversiones Sacrae Your Liberality to such as are in a necessitous condition is also well known It is a usual Maxim or Proverb That the greatest Schollers are not the best Preachers and Queen Elizabeth was wont to say That she had made a Bishop and marr'd a Preacher You have really confuted both these by your pla●n and powerfull Preaching and by your constant labouring for above fifty years in that sacred Function even after the time that through ● naturall decay you were unable to reade your Text. Therein well fullfilling your Motto both in 〈…〉 Episcopall and Archiepiscopall Seal Vae mih●●● non Evangelizavero Could your leisure have permitted you to have heard me reade this whole Work to you as you did vouchsafe me the favour to hear part of it it might have been more exact in it self and so more worthy your Countenance You were pleased to commend to me some of the Authou●s I made use of and to supply me also with some choice Books out of your well-furnisht Library some of the Observations also I was beholding to you for to you I say who are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a breathing Library and walking Study This with what I before alleadged may justifie this honouring of my Book with your Name the Dedication of it to you being as proper as that of Tullies Book De senectute ad senem or that of Hermannus Hugo De origine foribendi ad Scribanium The Argument also is seasonable for these tim●s wherein Learning hath other enemies besides the ignorant if a Governour of a Colledge in the University may not goe for an Ignaro also and wherein the vitals of Religion are in so much danger partly by Scepticisme of the one side and questioning almost all the great Articles of Christian Faith and by Libertinisme on the other side as if the Primitive Christians Martyrs and old Puritans had been more precise then wise It is your honour therefore in such a declining Age when others dispute away Truths and Duties to stand for Orthodox Truths and practise holy Duties Psal. 119. 126 127. Old-age saith Salomon is a Crown when it is found in the way of Righteousness As God hath inriched you with large Abilities so lay them out still for the good of the Church that so you may prove a happy instrument whilst you live of Gods Glory which is the desire of SIR Your most Affectionate Friend and Servant EDWARD LEIGH To the Judicious and Candid READER READER WHen I first pitcht my thoughts upon this Subject I intended only to give some brief Character of some Humanists and some of the chief reformed Writers but in the prosecution of my Design meeting with divers Elogies and apt descriptions of some of the chief Popish Writers I thought it not amiss to make the Work more general A learned Divine inquired of me when my Body of Divinity was coming forth Whether I treated there of Religion seeming to wonder that many who published Systemes of Divinity said nothing of so usefull a Subject whereabout also many Questions might be raised and discussed I thereupon bethinking with my self that I might conveniently treat of it in this Book accordingly made Religion and Learning the Argument of the two first Books and those that were eminently Religious or Learned are mentioned according to the order of the Alphabet in the four following Books But I take liberty therein by reason of the Alphabetical order and because I could not so properly refer them to the second Book to speak of several Bibles Councels Confessions Proverbs and the Talmud in the letter of the Alphabet whereto they belong the knowledge thereof being helpfull to Schollers Besides where I speak of Charles the Great and the fifth I also mention Charles the ninth both because I met with an excellent Character of him in Thuanus and also because he was a special instance of Gods retaliating Justice for shedding the bloud of Protestants in the Parisian Massacre I may perhaps also mention an Heretick that was not famous either for Learning or Piety I thought good to advertise the Reader hereof lest he should wonder else when he meets with these particulars The first Book is concerning Religion that it is

There is a Library of ancient and rare Books the French Bible translated 300 years since The inhabitants generally are addicted to the more pure and Reformed Religion thence it is the refuge and asylum of the afflicted exiles of Christ. For the Politick Government this Common-wealth is free from all Dominion and it obtained this liberty from Charles the 4 th Emperour There have been many Learned men here Peter Viret William Farell Iohn Calvin Antony Sadeel Petrus Cevallerias Cornelius Bertram Bucane Theodore Beza Simon Goularti●s Antonias Faius Iohn Deode●● Professor of Divinity and the Hebrew Tongue Isaac Casaubone the Kings Professor for the Greek CHAP. XI Of the Universities of Polonia Prussia and Lituania Bohemia and Moravia Craconia IT is the Metropolis of Polonia An Academy was instituted in this City by Casemire the second in the year of salvation 1361. which afterward viz. in the year 1400. was by Uladislaus at the instant intercession of Hedvigis his Queen ratified and confirmed with the Popes authority The University is not in the principall City but in that part which lieth on the other side of the river and is named from the first Founder thereof Cazimira Therein are two goodly Colledges in the one is professed Philosophy and Divinity in the other Physick and the Civil Law the other inferiour studies are there also learnedly taught with great diligence of the Readers Posnania An University was erected in Posne of late years by Sigismond the King of that Nation and confirmed by Pope Clement the eight The Jesuites enjoy therein a goodly Colledge wherein they profess Theology Philosophy and the other inferiour studies Koningsperge Mons Regius commonly called Koningsperge is the Metropolis of the great Dukedome of Prussia Albertus Marquess of Brandeburg first erected in Konningsperge the University which hath ever since even untill this present time continually flourished Vilna Commonly called the Wilde is a large and apulent City in the great Dukedom of Lithuania whereof it is the Metropolis Near unto the Church of S t Iohn the Baptist was lately erected a goodly and spacious Colledge possessed by the Jesuites The Universities of Bohemia and Moravia Prage It is a renowned City lying in the center of Bohemia This School by reason of the access of Germanes thither grew to be exceedingly frequented and so flourished untill the springing up of Wieliffe Not long after him arose amongst them Hierom of Prage and Iohn Hus so named from a little Village wherein he was born called Hiss which in the Bohemian Language signifieth a Goose. Olmuts It is a fair and ample City in Moravia now annexed to the Crown of Bohemia The University there seems to have been erected lately since the coming thither of the Jesuites for whom there was built a magnificent and sumptuous Colledge at the Popes charges CHAP. XII Of the Universities of Spain MUnster reckons up these as the principall Learned men in Spain which are well known and famous elsewhere Fulgentius Isidore Archbishop of Sivill Paulus Orosius Paulus Burgensis King Alphonsus Columella Higinius Sedulius the Poet Ludovicus Vives the Orator Quintilian the Rhetorician Seneca the Orator Pomponius Mela Raymundus Lullus Iustin the Historiographer and among the Jews and Saracens Aben Esra David and Moses Kimchi Avicenna Averroes Rasis Mesalac Albumazar and many others Mercator in his Atlas saith the Academies or Universities in Spain are about twenty two Munster saith there are seven famous Universities in Spain viz. Salamanca Complute Colimbria Pinciaria Toledo Sanguntum Osten and Ilerden Toledo In this City was the University first erected by a certain Bishop of the same Sea and was afterward confirmed by the priviledges of many Popes and Kings of Spain The chief sciences therein professed are the Canon and Civil Law The Archbishop of this City is Chancellor of Castile Metropolitan and chief of all the Ecclesiasticall persons in Spain the revenews of this Church amounteth to the summe of 200000 Duckats whereof the Archbishop receiveth 80000. Siville It excelleth all other Cities of Spain in fertility of the soyl which bringeth forth all kindes of Grain and Olives in great abundance and is environed with green and fruitfull trees The Archbishop of Sivill is in degree next unto him of Toledo he receiveth yearly out of the Church revenews 24000. Duckats The University herein is of great antiquity and hath sent forth into the world many Learned and excellent men as Pope Sylvester the 2 d Avicen a profound Philosopher and most excellently Learned Physitian and Leander who by their industry and wisdom reclaimed Hermigild and Richard Kings of the Gothes from Arianism to the Catholike faith herein also flourished Isidorus a man much renowned for sincerity and profoundness in Learning In this University is a rich and most renowned Library near to the Friars Predicants Valentia In this City is an University which in the year of grace 1470. did wonderfully flourish Herein Dominicke the first Founder of the Friers Predicants did absolve the courses of Philosophy and Theology In this Country are made those Porceline dishes which for pure temper of the mettall and exquisite workmanship are so much desired in forraign Nations Granada By the great bounty and liberality of the King of Spain in this City was Founded and erected a most sumptuous and magnificent Colledge to the use of the Jesuites who are authorized therein to profess Philosophy Divinity and other inferiour studies In this place had that mirrour of Christendom Lewes of Granada his birth and education Compostella An University and Archbishops See vulgarly called S t Iago in honour of S t Iames whom they pretend to be buried here and of whom there is an Order of Knights The Emperour Charles the great Founded herein a goodly Colledge now Governed after the rule of Isidore Valladolit It was wont to be numbred among the seven most ancient Universities of Spain King Philip late deceased because he was born there did restore unto it the ancient Priviledges thereto belonging and did his uttermost endeavours to raise it to his former dignity He hath lately erected a Colledge there for the Institution of young English Gentlemen which have abandoned their Country Complute Among many great and goodly Cities in Spain Complute which of the Spaniard is commonly called Alcala de Henores is not the meanest An University was herein erected by an Archbishop of Toledo named Franciscus Ximenes who was by profession a Franciscan Frier in the year 1317. There is Collegium Complutense Philosophicum disputations upon Aristotles Logick and naturall Philosophy Salamanca Some say this University was first founded in the year of Christs incarnation 1404. many Kings and Popes have granted divers priviledges to it Pope Clement the 5 th in a Councell held at Vienna made a Decree that the Hebrew Arabick and Chaldee tongues should in this Academy be continually taught Ignatius Loyola first Founder of the society of the Jesuites was

by those who most improved the light of nature and revealed Christ by the Gospel to those who were more wicked and perverse then they Deut. 32. 28. Ezek. 3. 16. 5. 6. Matth. 11. 21. not to Socrates Plato Aristides Cato laudatissima inter Gentiles nomina but to more wicked But we preach Christ crucified unto the Jews a stumbling block and unto the Greeks foolishness 1 Cor. 1. 23. The Jews mock us because we had such a Messiah which cried out My God my God why hast thou saken me If he was God say they why did he so cry out did not all troubles come to him by his own will Wisdom is justified of her children We have those famous Apologies of Iustin Martyr who dedicated his first to the Roman Senate and his second to Antoninus Pius Augustus and that of Tertullian who in the time of Severus the Emperour seeing Christians persecuted only for the Name as a sufficient crime wrote his Learned large and accurate Apology dedicating it to the Emperour and his Sonne He is styled by Pierius Valerianus Acerrimus Christiani nominis propugnator The wiser Heathens did call the Christians Idiots and reproached them as illiterate But the Atheist cannot name any age wherein the Heathen had an Oliver to oppugne our Christian profession but we had a Rowland to defend it If they had a Porph●rie or Celsus to oppose Philosophy against it we had an Arnobius an Origen to maintain and follow Christianity If they had a Symmachus we had an Ambrose and Prudentius If they had a Iulian we had a Gregory Nazianzon Those Atlasses of Christian Religion equalled the most renowned Heathens in all Learning as well as they exceeded them in true Religion Such among others were Iustin a Philosopher and Martyr Tertullian Irenaeus Cyprian Origen Learned to a miracle Clement of Alexandria Eusebius Epiphanius the three Learned Gregories Nazianzene Nyssene Thaumaturgus both the Basils Athanasius Cyrill Minutius Faelix Arnobius Chrysostom Ierom Ambrose Lactantius Austin Prosper Hilary Prudentius and others of most eminent Learning piety and courage who defended the Christian Religion against proud Heathens and pestilent Hereticks of those daies D r Gaudens Defence of the Ministry pag. 407. Of all the Countries subject to the Papall Empire England suffered the most hard and shamefull servitude especially in the reign of Henry the 2 d and Iohn and Henry the 3 d. Some say England was the first Kingdom in all the world which received the Gospel with the countenance of Supream Authority it was prima provinciarum quae amplexa est fidem Christi so Sabellicus and others By whom the Christian Religion was first brought hither is disputed some say by Iames the brother of Iohn some Simon Zelotes some Peter and Paul others Ioseph of Arimathea some Gregory the Pope See Camdens Prefat ad Britan. Godw. de praesulibus Angliae Antiquitates Britannicae Episc. Usser de Britannic Eccles. Primord cap. 8. Bed Hist. l. 1. cap. 23. B. Mort. Appeal l. 1. c. 4. 9. Rivii Reg. Anglic. in Hiber def p. 44 c. The first Christian King that ever was in the world was King Lucius a Britain and the first Christian Emperour was born in England even Constantine the Great Habemus optime vir Dei saith Zanchius in his 2 d Book of Epist. to Bullinger upon the relation of the burning of Archbishop Cranmer pro quo gratias aga mus Deo quod tot tantorumque virorum sanguine cùm alibi tum praesertim in illo Anglicano Regno sacro sanctum Filii sui Evangelium quotidie obsignare dignatur ad confirmandam fidem nostram ad instaurationem sanctorum Fieri non potest quin solum illud tanto Martyrum sanguine irrigatum laetas Domino segetes ferat ex quibus Ecclesia Christi coalescat Fieri etiam non potest quin tantus sanguis è terra clamet ad Dominum O barbaram impiam omnis humanitatis expertem meretricem Perdat illam Deus quam citissimè sua in illam judicia patefaciat Thuanus reporteth of Ludovicus Marsacus a Knight of France when he was led with other Martyrs that were bound with coards to execution and he for his dignity was not bound he cryed Cur non me quoque torque donas insignis hujus ordinis militem creas Give me my chain to let me be a Knight of the same Order CHAP. III. The second great false Religion is Mahometism IN the Year of our Lord 666 the detestable Sect of Mahumet began to take strength and place Moamed or Machumed an Ishmaelite being a poor man till he married a widow wealthy and of high countenance having the falling sickness whereby the widow was sorry that she matched with him perswaded her by himself and others that his fits were but a trance wherein he talked with the Angel Gabriel The woman made women beleeve that her husband was a Prophet afterwards men by help of certain Heretiques set the false Prophet forward From Iudaism Arius N●storius and his own brain he frameth a Doctrine He prevaileth so by force of his wilde company and guile deceiving the simple that before his death he winneth Arabia and the Countries about Euphrates The sonnes of Ishmael ashamed of Agars name borrow from Sara the term of Saracens Brought Concent He gave sundry Laws to his followers patched of many Sects and Religions together He taught them to pray ever to the South and as we keep the Sunday so they keep the Friday which they call the day of Venus He permitted them to have as many Wives as they were able to maintain to have as many Concubines as they list to abstain from the use of wine except on certain solemn daies in the year to have and worship only one God omnipotent saying that Moses and the Prophets were great men but Christ was greater and greatest of all the Prophets as being born of the Virgin Mary by the power of God without mans seed and at last was taken up to heaven but was not slain but another in his likeness for him Fox's Act. and Monum Vol. 1. p. 161. See 963 964. The Persians beleeve in Mahomet yet the Turks and they differ in opinion about him the one pursuing the other with most deadly hatred insomuch that there is almost continuall Warre between them The Alcoran is given out for the Word of God it is written in Arabick verse in form of a Dialogue between the Angell Gabriel and their Prophet it is prohibited to be translated which both preserves the Arabick tongue and conceals the Religion M r Henry Blunt's Voyage into the Levant p. 146. The Alcoran is stuft with obsceanness lies miracles visions morall and naturall Philosophy such trash as may wonderfully provoke the silliest Student to a height of laughter It is in Volume twice so big as the Psalmes of David divided into a hundred and fourteen Chapters He denies Christ to be the