their concurrence and approbation to what those persons had prevailed with Authority here to ordain and appoint concerning Church Discipline and the rooting out of Episcopal order Prelacy and the Liturgy but the successe we are told it had in all places is so far from being bragged on which had it answered some expectations would no doubt have been exalted to no small height that it is scarce at all known whether there were ever any such thing or not but an Altum Silentium thought fittest in the businesse It is not I suppose so proper for me I leave that to others who as much more concerned so doubtlesse more truly knowing particulars to publish to the Nation what I have credibly heard nor perhaps will it as affairs now stand be taken well on any part to relate what I read in a modern grave and sober Author a Member also of a forein eminent reformed Church as an answer from that reformed Church where at that time they must needs feed their Phansy with the best and fairest hopes of successe every way answerable to their expectation nor shall I recite other particulars I read likewise concerning that addresse which it seems being printed was sent to no lesse than seaventeen Churches and States beyond sea nor what acceptation that Author saith it had and what censure the Phrase the Latine the Tenor and ends thereof met with in some places Albeit as the said Author affirms the same is divulged to the world in several languages though so little known here amongst us and how the rest to whom it was addressed received the same themselves it is supposed best know And certainly it would be a signal peece of Candor and ingenuity in them and what in such a conjuncture of time as this would be most grateful and acceptable to the whole Kingdome especially such as my self Private-Lay-gentlemen who hear of these things at a distance and sometimes read what casually comes to their hands and would very gladly hear the truth of what opinion their brethren of the reformed Churches abroad had of their addresse and of the extirpation of Episcopacy and Liturgy here amongst us But lest this may in vain he called for it shall here be very faithfully though briefly hinted what some of the most eminent and renowned sort of the Reformation abroad amongst many others which may in a little time be collected and set forth likewise thought and expressed themselves concerning those two particulars of Episcopacy and Liturgy which for some ends have of late been such ponderous and heavy burthens and such grievous eye-sores to some people Calvin it is hoped is one who is Omni exceptione major And therefore fittest to lead the Van in this particular who in an Epistle of his to Cardinal Sadolet speaking of the Church of Rome saith thus Let them saith he establish such an Hierarchy where the Bishops having the dignity resuse not to submit themselvs to Christ and depend on him as their only head and refer themseves to him And let them retain amongst them such a brotherly Society which is not entertained but by the Bond of Truth then if there be found any persons who refuse to respect such a Hierarchy with Reverence and Soveraign Obedience I do acknowledge and confesse him worthy of all sorts of Anathema This for the Episcopal Order and Degree in general and from the Pen of Calvin the supposed Grand Anti-Episcopist me-thinks should bear much sway and credit with some men That great Professor at Geneva Lib. 2. Praescript Theolog. Iacobus Lectius makes the English Bishops such true and lawful Bishops as St. Paul writeth of to Timothy and Titus And we deny not saith he but there hath been formerly such Bishops and that there are some now and that they elect such now in the Kingdome of England Beza writes thus to Arch-bishop Whitgift March 1. 1591. In my writings saith he touching the Ecclesiastical government I have opposed the Roman Hierarchy but it was never in my intention to oppose the Polity of the English Church or to desire of you to conform your Church according to the pattern of the Presbyterian discipline for whilst the substance of your Doctrine is uniform with the Church of Christ It may be lawful for us to differ in other matters according as the circumstances of time place and persons require and as is avowed by the prescription of Antiquity and for this effect I desire and hope that the sacred and holy society of your Bishops will continue and maintain for ever their right and title in the government of the Church c. That great Author of the Buckler of faith expounding the 30th Article of the Churches of France Confession of faith cleerly expresses the great regard and esteem they have of their neighbour Churches where the Bishops have superiority And in his disputations of Divinity in the university of Sedan one of his Theses is this We maintain that the Bishops of England after their conversion to the faith and their abjuration of Papistry were faithful servants of God and ought not to forsake neither the name nor Title of Bishops Where can it be made appear that any of the Reformed Churches abroad ever quarrelled at this our Church as Anti-Christian or shewed the least regret against it for retaining the Episcopal Order or Liturgy amongst us nay what high Encomiums and Gratulations from many of them may be produced of this our Church and Condolements of their own Condition that they are not so happy and blessed as we are in that particular of their Church Government Order and Discipline It may therefore well be deemed more than a hard Task to procure those Churches so far to decline their Reason and Charity as to contradict all their former professions so frequently made upon all occasions and their Consciences too meerly to gratifie the humour and interest of some persons who though they had then as they thought at least a great esteem and credit abroad found themselves as much mistaken in their expectations in that particular as they were erroneous in the Marks and Characters of Anti-Christianism It is possible the French Churches were much looked upon as examples for Regulating the Reformation so much noysed and talked on here amongst us It cannot therefore be amisse to hear what a Sober Learned and Solid Member of the Church there writes and that with sadnesse enough for their inforced and necessitated condition The best saith he that they were able to do having the Court and Clergy against them in matters of Order and Discipline was to provide Pastors who should teach purely and leave them in a simple equality there being no questioning about Governing in times of persecution but to instruct and suffer And it being a thing of danger and envy to erect New Degrees which could not be done without quarrelling at them which were established Necessity saith he contributed to Prudence in that Reformation the same
Christ they contented themselves with the ordinary titles of Bishops and Presbyters untill use the great arbitrator of words and master of language finding reason to distinguish by a peculiar name those persons whose power and office were indeed distinct from and above all other in the Church as succeeding the Apostles in the ordinary and constant power of governing the Churches the honour of whose name they moderately yet commendably declined all Christian Churches submitting to that special authority appropriated also the name of Bishop without any suspition or reproach of arrogancy to those who were by Apostolical propagation rightly descended and invested into that highest and largest power of governing even the most pure and Primitive Churches which without all doubt had many such holy Bishops after the pattern of Timothy and Titus whose special power is not more cleerly set down in those Epistles the chief grounds and limits of all Episcopal claim as from divine right than are the Characters of those perilous times and those men that make them such who not enduring sound Doctrine and clear testimonies of all Churches practice are most perverse Disputers and proud Usurpers against true Episcopacy Who if they be not Traytors and Boasters yet they seem to be very covetous heady high-minded inordinate and fierce lovers of themselves having much of the form little of the power of godlinesse Who by popular heaps of weak light and unlearned Teachers seek to over-lay and smoother the pregnancy and authority of that power of Episcopal Government which beyond all equivocation and vulgar fallacy of names is most convincingly set forth both by Scripture and all after Histories of the Church This I write rather like a Divine than a Prince that posterity may see if ever these papers be publick that I had fair grounds both from Scripture-Canons and Ecclesiastical examples whereon my judgment was stated for Episcopal Government Nor was it any policy of State or obstinacy of Will or partiality of Affection either to the Men or their Function which fixed Me who cannot in point of worldly respects be so considerable to Me as to recompence the injuries and losses I and My dearest relations with My Kingdoms have sustained and hazarded chiefly at first upon this quarrell And not only in Religion of which Scripture is the est rule and the Churches Universal practice the best commentary but also in right reason and the true nature of Government it cannot be thought that an orderly Subordination among Prebyters or Ministers should be any more against Christianity than it is in all secular and Civil Governments where parity breeds Confusion and Faction I can no more believe that such order is intonsistent with true Religion than good features are with beauty or numbers with harmony Nor is it likely that God who appointed several orders and a Prelacy in the Government of his Church among the Jewish Priests should abhor or forbid them among Christian Ministers who have as much of the principles of schism and division as other men for preventing and suppressing of which the Apostolical wisdom which was divine after that Christians were multiplyed so many Congregations and Presbyters with them appointed this way of Government which might best preserve order and union with Authority So that I conceive it was not the favor of Princes or ambition of Presbyters but the wisdom and piety of the Apostles that first setled Bishops in the Church which Authority they constantly used and enjoyed in those times which were purest for Religion though sharpest for Persecution Nor that I am against the managing of this Presidency and Authority in one man by the joynt Counsel and consent of many Presbyters I have offered to restore that as a fit means to avoid those Errors Corruptions and Partialities which were incident to any one man Also to avoid Tyranny which becomes no Christians least of all Church-men besides it will be a means to take away that burthen and odium of affairs which may lye too heavy on one mans Shoulders as indeed I think it formerly did on the Bishops here Nor can I see what can be more agreeable both to Reason and Religion than such a frame of Government which is Paternal not Magisterial and wherein not only the necessity of avoiding Faction and Confusion Emulations and Contempts which are prone to arise among equals in power and function but also the differences of some Ministers gifts and aptitudes for government above others doth invite to imploy them in referernce to those abilities wherein they are eminent Neither is this judgement of mine touching Episcopacy any preoccupation of opinion which will not admit any oppositions against it It is well known I have endeavoured to satisfie My self in what the chief patrons for other ways can say against this or for theirs And I find they have as far less of Scripture grounds and of reason so for examples and practice of the Church or testimonies of Histories they are wholly destitute wherein the whole stream runs so for Episcopacy that there is not the least rivulet for any others As for those obtruded examples of some late reformed Churches for many retain Bishops still whom necessity of times and affairs rather excuseth than commendeth for their inconformity to all Antiquity I could never see any reason why Churches orderly reformed and governed by Bishops should be forced to conform to those few rather than to the Catholike example of all Antient Churches which needed no Reformation And to those Churches at this day who governed by Bishops in all the Christian world are many more than Presbyterians or Independents can pretend to be All whom the Churches in my three Kingdoms lately governed by Bishops would equalize I think if not exceed Nor is it any point of wisdom or charity where Christians differ as many do in some points there to widen the differences and at once to give all the Christian world except a handfull of some Protestants so great a scandal in point of Church-Government Whom though you may convince of their errours in some point of Doctrine yet you shall never perswade them that to compleat their Reformation they must necessarily desert and wholly cast off that Government which they and all before them have ever owned as Catholick Primitive and Apostolical So far as never Schismaticks nor Hereticks except those Arrians have strayed from Unity and Conformity of the Church in that point ever having Bishops above Presbyters Besides the late general approbation and submission to this Government of Bishops by the Clergy as well as the Laity of these Kingdoms is a great confirmation of My Judgment and their inconstancy is a great prejudice against their Novelty I cannot in charity so far doubt of their learning or integrity as if they understood not what heretofore they did or that they did conform contrary to their Consciences So that their facility and levity is never to be excused who before ever the point of
the very natural essential liberty of our Souls Yet it should be invalid to be broken in another clause wherein I think My self justly obliged both to God and Man Yet upon this Rack chiefly have I been held so long by some mens ambitious Covetousness and sacrilegious Cruelty torturing with Me both Church and State in Civil dissentions till I shall be forced to consent and declare that I do approve what God knows I utterly dislike and in My Soul abhor as many wayes highly against Reason Justice and Religion and whereto if I should shamefully and dishonourably give My consent yet should I not by so doing satisfie the divided Interests and Opinions of those Parties which contend with each other as well as both against Me and Episcopacy Nor can My late condescending to the Scots in point of Church-government be rightly objected against Me as an inducement for Me to consent to the like in my other Kingdoms For it should be considered that Episcopacy was not so rooted and setled there as 't is here nor I in that respect so strictly bound to continue it in that Kingdom as in this For what I think in My Judgement best I may not think so absolutely necessary for all places and at all times If any shall impute My yielding to them as My failing and Sin I can easily acknowledge it but that is no Argument to do so again or much worse I being now more convinced in that point Nor indeed hath My yielding to them been so happy and successeful as to incourage Me to grant the like to others Did I see any thing more of Christ as to Meekness Justice Order Charity and Loyalty in those that pretend to other modes of Government I might suspect My Judgement to be biassed or forestalled with some prejudice and wontednesse of opinion But I have hitherto so much cause to suspect the contrary in the manners of many of those men that I cannot from them gain the least Reputation for their new wayes of Government Nor can I find that in any Reformed Churches whose patterns are so cryed up and obtruded upon the Churches under My Dominion that either Learning or Religion Works of Piety or Charity have so flourished beyond what they have done in my Kingdoms by Gods blessing which might make Me believe either Presbytery or Independency have a more benign influence upon the Church and mens hearts and lives than Episcopacy in its right constitution The abuses of which deserve to be extirpated as much as the use retained for I think it far better to hold to Primitive and uniform Antiquity than to comply with divided Novelty A right Episcopacy would at once satisfie all just desires and interests of good Bishops humble Presbyters and sober People so as Church-affairs should be managed neither with tyranny parity nor popularity neither Bishops ejected nor Presbyters despised nor People oppressed And in this integrity both of My Judgement and Conscience I hope God will preserve me MEDITATION FOr thou O LORD knowest my uprightnesse and tendernesse as thou hast set Me to be a Defender of the Faith and a Protector of thy Church so suffer Me not by any violence to be over-born against my Conscience Arise O LORD maintain thine own Cause let not thy Church be deformed as to that Government which derived from thy Apostles hath been retained in purest and primitive times till the Revenues of the Church became the object of secular envy which seeks to rob it of all the encouragements of Learning and Religion Make Me as the good Samaritan compassionate and helpful to thy afflicted Church which some men have wounded and robbed others passe by without regard either to pity or relieve As my power is from thee so give Me grace to use it for thee And though I am not suffered to be Master of my other Rights as a King yet preserve Me in that liberty of Reason love of Religion and thy Churches welfare which are fixed in my Conscience as a Christian Preserve from Sacrilegious Invasions those temporal blessings which thy providence hath bestowed on thy Church for thy glory Forgive their sins and errors who have deserved thy just permission thus to let in the wilde Boar and subtile Foxes to waste and deform thy Vineard which thy right hand hath planted and the dew of Heaven so long watered to a happy and flourishing estate O let me not bear the inâ—amous brand to all Posterity of being the first Christian King in this Kingdom who should consent to the oppression of thy Church and the Fathers of it whose errours I would rather with Constantine cover with silence and reform with meeknesse than expose their persons and sacred Functions to vulgar contempt Thou O LORD seest how much I have suffered with and for thy Church make no long tarrying O my God to deliver both me and it from unreasonable men whose counsels have brought forth and continue such violent confusions by a precipitant destroying the antient boundaries of thy Churches peace thereby letting in all manner of errours schisms and disorders O thou God of order and of truth in thy good time abate the malice asswage the rage and confound all the mischievous devices of thine mine and thy Churches enemies That I and all that love thy Church may sing praises to thee and ever magnifie thy salvation even before the sons of men Concerning the Liturgy his Royal words are these IT is no news to have all Innovations ushered in with the name of Reformations in Church and State by those who seeking to gain reputation with the Vulgar for their extraordinary parts and piety must needs undo whatever was formerly settled never so well and wisely So hardly can the pride of those that study Novelties allow former times any share or degree of wisdom or godliness And because matter of Prayer and Devotion to God justly bears a great part in Religion being the Souls more immediate converse with the Divine Majesty nothing could be more plausible to the People than to tell them they served God amisse in that point Hence our publick Liturgy or Forms of constant Prayers must be not amended in what upon free and publick advise might seem to sober men inconvenient for matter or manner to which I should easily consent but wholly cashiered and abolished and after many popular contempts offered to the Book and those that used it according to their Consciences and the Laws in force it must be crucified by an Ordinance the better to please either those men who gloried in their extemporary vein and fluency or others who conscious to their own formality in the use of it thought they fully expiated their sin of not using it aright by laying all the blame upon it and a total reâ—ection of it as a dead letter thereby to excuse the deadnesse of their hearts As for the matter contained in the Book sober and learned men have sufficiently vindicated it against the cavils
THE ENGLISH EPISCOPACY AND LITURGY Asserted by the Great Reformers abroad AND The most Glorious and ROYAL MARTYR The Late KING His Opinion and Suffrage for them Published by a Private Gentleman for the Publique good LONDON Printed by Tho. Leach for Henry Seile over against St. Dunstans Church in Fleetstreet 1660. The English EPISCOPACY AND LITURGY ASSERTED THat Government is as necessary to the preservation of the Church as preaching the Gospel was to the plantation of it is apparent by the Apostles practice who no sooner had converted a Province City or any considerable number of Persons but presently left it in the hands of some faithful overseers to dresse tend and water till it grew up to such a perfection as became the Spouse of Christ And in all such perfect and setled Churches That there ought to be three distinct Orders and Degrees in the pastoral charge thereof viz. Bishop Priest or Presbyter and Deacon is so fully and abundantly Asserted and Proved by so many able Pens upon occasion of the late differences in point of Church Discipline and the same is thereby become so known and manifest a Truth especially to the Learned Solid and Iudicious that it cannot but be believed that those of any considerable Abilities and Ingenuitie who chiefly opposed it Remain now very well satisfied in that particular it being indeed very cleer and apparent to knowing and impartial Iudgements That Government by Bishops superior to Presbyters is of Apostolical institution and this as fully to be made good by Ecclesiastical Records as it is possible for any Truth to be that way demonstrated Nor doth the Canon of the Sacred Scripture it self depend upon more undoubted and unquestionable verity and demonstration And although the absolute and distinct precept of Christ himself for it is not so cleerly to be Asserted Yet his own superiority to the twelve Apostles and Theirs to the seventy Disciples is such an exemplary Copy of Bishop Priest or Presbyter and Deacon in the Government and Discipline of the Church as that it was Transcribed in the very next Age witness Ignatius St. Johns Contemporary and allowed to receive Esteem and Honour the Bishops as Christ the Presbyters as the Apostles and Deacons as the Seventy Nor is superiority in Order lesse cleerly Apostolical by the example and practice of themselves who when Judas had fell from the orb and dignity he first moved in They by the direction of the Sacred Spirit assumed Matthias from an inferior to a superior Order amongst them The Hierarchy of the Church in Government being derivative as it were from God himself and the same in Character and Representation which he is pleased to exercise amongst the Blessed in Heaven That therefore which some of a more unsatisfiable nature and disposition though beaten out of all holds for the Divine right of their Geneva Platform yet loath to depart with that Classical nay Parochial supremacy and more than Lordship which they Phansied themselves so near the absolute possession of make now the matter of their frequent converse in all companies and upon all occasions is to extoll and magnifie the order and manner of the Discipline of the reformed Churches abroad and to allure and captivate vulgar apprehensions very much advance and preferre the same before that which hath been so long and legally established here in the Church of England under Bishops and which hath rendred us so famous and flourishing a people and Nation throughout the world Howbeit if you demand now of such an extoller of Forein order what Church abroad it is not governed by Bishops which he so much magnifies for its Discipline And wherein the excellency of it's beauty lyes He knows not where to fix but is at a kind of losse presently and after a small while the paradox doth so puzzle him in its maintenance and hunt him from one absurdity to another that in conclusion he is fain to sit down wildred and benighted in the fogs and darknesse of his own brain and Intellect The difference of Discipline amongst the reformed Churches abroad is very well known how those of the French differ from the Scotish the Scotish from the Flemings or Dutch those from the Switzers and so others in like manner and the necessity of some Churches to fit their Tapestry to their Rooms viz. their Discipline to the state and condition they live in is as notorious And certainly the modesty of that grave and excellent Prelate is much to be commended who having fully proved the imposition or laying on of hands by the Bishop to be of most antient institution in the Christian Church useth these words I write not here saith he to prejudice our neighbour Churches I dare not limit the extraordinaray operation of the holy Spirit where the ordinary means is wanting without the fault of the persons God fed his people with Manna so long as they were in the Wildernesse Necessity is a strong pleader Many reformed Churches live under Kings and Bishops of another Communion Others have particular necessitating reasons why they could not continue nor introduce Bishops But it is not so with us c. The exigence of time place and persons may possibly be with Divine pity beheld in all their prejudicial hindrances provided that divine order and institution be duely observed Another reverend Bishop hath likewise as charitable an expression Bishop Hall in his treatise of Episcopacy I must cordially respect saith he those forein Churches who have chosen and followed an outward form which in every respect is most expedient and suitable to their condition And again another speaks thus Some plants thrive best in the shadow where the form of Government without Bishops agrees best with the constitution of some Common-wealth we pray to God to give them joy in it and pray them to say as much for us Damus petimusque vicissim These very charitable and moderate passages of the Church Prelates and Bishops are the rather hinted and very many more might be to manifest the difference there is between the spirits and dispositions of such and those of some other persons who condemn all as Heretical and Antichristian and to be extirpated Root and Branch which complies not in Omni modo to their judgement or rather Phansy and that by an Oath or Covenant imposed not only upon siterate persons but upon such also who were so far from understanding the depth of what they sware as that they were utterly ignorant whether the words Hierarchy and Liturgy which they covenant to extirpate be Hebrew Greek Latin French Italian c. or what other language and yet cry down those Prelates for Lordly Imperious and Tyrannical We have it as a common rumor amongst us Gentlemen and it is supposed it will not be denyed that a Declaration or Letters missive were by some grave persons in Assembly addressed to the reformed Churches of France the Low-Countries and Switzerland with diverse other Churches and States inviting