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A85410 The controversie between episcopacy and presbytery stated and discussed, by way of letters, at the desire of a person of quality and learning. / By J. Gailhard, A.M. & D. Gailhard, J. (Jean) 1660 (1660) Wing G119; Thomason E1083_3; ESTC R202264 41,795 51

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is of another nature and therefore the consequence from the Priests under the Law to the Ministers under the ●ospel is of no moment As therefore the Covenant then was different from that which now is so there was a different Ministery performed by different perso●s about different things so that to press that there ought to b● an Arch-Bishop because there was an hi h P●iest which ar●ument the Pope will make use of for his universal Bishoprick is as ●ood as to press a Patriark of a Pope and it had been as much to the purpose to have spoken of the A●k of Noah or of the bottles of Gideon we know that the high P●iest was a Type of Christ so that it is no wonder if some extraordinary Authority was granted to Aaron it was to signifie th● Kingdom and Priesthood of Jesus Christ whom he typifyed whose Crown was represented by the M●ter● I cannot indeed but wonder that the Adversaries would make use of such an argument a si●n they have but few to confirm their Primacy which being grounded upon Custom in corrupted years and not upon truth is as Cyprian saith an old Errour An Answer to the second Reason 〈…〉 the A●●●●●● 〈◊〉 ab●●● the 〈◊〉 Dis●●ple● I● 〈…〉 they had ●ome particula● 〈…〉 but if they mean any 〈…〉 I challen●e t●● A● 〈…〉 it will app●●● the● 〈…〉 any S●●●ema●● above the seven●● I● 〈…〉 t●en 〈…〉 have been a●●●● th● 〈…〉 Re ●●●●●tion an● A●●●t●●n 〈…〉 and that t●e name D●cip●e was common 〈…〉 an 〈…〉 12. of I●●●● 〈…〉 that 〈◊〉 may a●●●he unde●● 〈◊〉 A● 〈…〉 D●●●ples 〈…〉 sent them 〈…〉 to the Twelve 〈◊〉 〈…〉 in the 〈…〉 p 9 and Lu●● 〈…〉 that the Twelve we●e called and ●ent 〈…〉 O● th●●o● no● being sent we ●ead I●re 9. 〈…〉 deny that the Twelve had ●een 〈…〉 ●pecial and wh●● 〈◊〉 with th● Lord 〈…〉 ●u●a● wh● tell ●●t 〈…〉 many went away 〈…〉 t●e substance of this 〈…〉 no do●●●●●n o● 〈…〉 no ●●re of th● 〈…〉 ●●ethe● the A● 〈…〉 ●●●●ants o● Christ which 〈…〉 a●●er the Lo d. A●●●n 〈…〉 the three Apostles 〈…〉 hand 〈◊〉 F●ll●w●●ip to 〈…〉 w●en ●e 〈…〉 is 〈…〉 t●at was 〈◊〉 great 〈…〉 an● a f●llow ●ervant 〈…〉 been ●●ch a diffe●●nce 〈◊〉 〈…〉 not be drawn in 〈…〉 being in the 〈…〉 Plantation to 〈…〉 C●●●ch i● come 〈…〉 and p●●●●●t●on 〈…〉 ●s not a go d consequence Our blessed Saviour intending to form a Church new I may call it in many respects because upon the putting fo●th of this Ch●●ch be was to be taken up into Heaven so that he could not be with it in his humane and corporal presence and knowing how many oppositions and persecutions should arise against it because it would be a scandal to the Jewes and fo●lishness to the Gentiles therefore for the propa●ation and preservation of that Church it was necessary to make ●e of hi●h and extraordinary me●nes to that effect● he fitted a select number of men whom he taught f●om the beginning of ●is app●●●ing in the work that he was sent about to be witness o● his action● and sufferings wherefore when they were about to ●h●●e one Apostle in the stead of Judas Peter said Of these men that have accompanied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out amon●st us beginning from the Bapti●m of Iohn till the day he was ta●●n up must one be ordained with us to be ●itness of his Resurrection A●t● 1.21 22. Wherefore be●●●●e the doctrine of Ch●●● was by the most part accounted a new doctrine to overcome the h● dness● o● mens hearts and to enlighten th●● un●erstandings it was necessary to work upon their senses by miracles therefore for the confirmation of the truth there were done many signes and wonders to that effect also variety of Gifts was given to the Church There were Apostles Prophets Miracles Healings ●●●v●●si●y o● Tongues 1 Cor. 12 2● But now that the truth is sufficiently confi●●ed the Church setled there is no longer need of such 〈◊〉 ●●dina●y 〈◊〉 there are n●w no Apostles in that sense no Prophet in 〈◊〉 no Miracles 〈◊〉 though i● we had now such 〈◊〉 woul●●●●ely ●ender to them a more then ordinary res●●ct but I say those that would have the authority power and hono● 〈◊〉 due to an Apostle they must prove themselves to be such Apo tles as the others were And after all this consider that the Ap ●●le were extraordinarily and immediately called by Christ and we ●●e that after his Ascension they ●●●st not nominate and a●p●●n● one in the 〈…〉 but they committed it to God in ca●●ing the lot but no● in the Church 〈◊〉 a Ministery constituted in an ordinary way with a c●●●●ssion eq●●l to all and as ample for one as for the oth●●● so that n●w to enter a ●●●●●●ority is to go beyond this commission and to 〈◊〉 a difference of order or degree where there is the same Lord the same commission the same office the same extent of power and thi● in a way of equality 〈◊〉 ●●llowship as Scripture cal● it this is to ●●b●titute prefer humane invention to a divine ●●●i●●tion Thirdly I● we do but consider when he Apostles were we will find there is no 〈…〉 any on● in ●●se times co●spire to any special 〈…〉 which they may ●ave had let us but look on them 〈…〉 called by 〈…〉 be in his School with 〈…〉 all ●●tion● by the inward opera●●●● 〈…〉 outward and action of their Lord and 〈…〉 great work which they were app●●●●ed 〈…〉 we were to be built upon 〈…〉 2.20 Ye are bu●●● upon the f●undation of the Apostles 〈…〉 the chief c●ru●●-stone They were 〈…〉 in point of faith and 〈…〉 things being ●oken● of Go● 〈◊〉 ●avour to the Apostles 〈…〉 and re●pect from others now 〈…〉 a mea●ure a● to send the Holy 〈…〉 up●n men and therefore out of these 〈…〉 I ●●pe men will cease to u●●e that in these times 〈…〉 to have some ●●eeminen●e over others because at the 〈…〉 o● respect yielded to the Apostles neither 〈…〉 the Apostles were above the 70 Disciples in any 〈…〉 that the Apost es had any superiority by way of office 〈…〉 who rever●ed their commission orders and instruction 〈…〉 and not from the Apostles those glorious and eminent 〈…〉 for the promi●●●ation of the Gospel An Answer to the third Reason 〈…〉 the ●●●st Bishop of the Eph●●ans T●●● 〈…〉 that T●●●●●th● o●dained the first 〈…〉 set own in the ●●p of Ar●●●●● 〈…〉 in the place ●p●●●● and so is to be accounted 〈…〉 the Author The place whence they 〈…〉 2 Tim. alter the last ver c● 〈…〉 nothing to the●● purpose when they have their 〈◊〉 to that which is not in the E●●●tle though at seem 〈◊〉 have some relation to it when I say that th● subscription 〈…〉 ●upposed thing I shall but follow the judgement of many learned Commentators who think it was inserte●● into it long after the 〈◊〉 of the Epistle The reasons are these First There is
be an Evangelist and a Pastor as Timothy was afterwards so did the Deacons teach not by vertue of their office but accidentally if occasion were offered to Steven disputed and taught Acts 6 and 7. Further observe they could not be Deacons and Evangelists I mean they could not be called Brethren because they were Evangelist Deacons but because they were Deputies o● the Church for it is known these Brethren took place in the Council not as Evangelist Deacons but as Representatives that is as Elders of the Church for in the 22. ver it pleased the Apostles the Elders the whole Church and in the next ver the Apostles the Elders and the Brethren instead of the Church so that the business is clear against the Episcopal party though with the Independent there seems to remain a scruple it being said the whole Church which seems to imply every particular member of it but not so the Brethren in the name of the whole Church like Parliaments here when they do things they may and sometimes do say the whole Nation because it is by them represented But to conclude I say those Brethren were preaching men or not if preaching men then included under the name of Elders whereby here are understood Ministers and so no need of the word Brethren which yet is necessary because inserted amongst those from whom the Letter came if they were no preaching men then no Evangelists no● Deacons who preached occasionally in the absence of Pastors so it must needs be lay-Elders Wherefore though here be not the name of Ruling-Elder yet we find the nature and office of such as were chosen from amongst the people to assist the Apostles and Ministers with their counsels and approbation in things to be debated in that Synod but specially in things not concerning the Doctrine of Faith but the welfare and edification of the Church and order in it as in the case of eating blood or strangled things which is the occasion of the Letter Another proof of Scriptures is from Acts 20.17 He sent for the Elders of the Church of Ephesus to know who these Elders were it is necessary to search into the whole matter contained from the 17 to the 28 ver yea in the 31. there is something to be taken 〈…〉 wherefore I 〈◊〉 that I 〈◊〉 Es●●● are here to be understood who●●●●e things ●●●en ●●re so belong unles but the things herein spoken do not belong to preaching Elders but to Rasin● Elders therefo●● the Elders ●●●en 〈◊〉 here are Ruling l●y Elders the m●●o 〈…〉 ●ut the A●●●tle could not so much mistake as to spe●● to one this which belon●eth not to the same but to another the Min●●ter will appear o● the examen of several particulars First they are th● 〈…〉 t●e Church of Eph●●● the word Ch●● in the ●●●nal bein● in the singular number may 〈◊〉 that there 〈◊〉 but one Church I mean not Temples 〈◊〉 perhaps they had more then one but one assembly and convention●d of Christians in that place set there is not the same reason for Eph●s●us as the Je●usa●●m because first in Jerusalem the number of conrr●ted me●●as much greater then at Ephesus since there was a suffi ient c●●u●a●● n three Ap stles Peter Jame● and Je●a Gal. 2. Secondly In Jerusalem there were Conve●t● of several Nations A l● 2 ● c. which cannot be positively ffi rmed of Ephe●us a● therefore there was but one Chu●ch though perhaps confining 〈◊〉 Je●es and Gentiles that is Ephe ●ans the●e could not be to many preaching Elders of that Church as that it should be ●er e●t●●y for Saint Paul to say to them ver 25. T●● a● am●●g●t whom I have been preaching ●all see my ●ace no more when it is very probabl● that in those dayes wh●rein C●ri●tians were not ●●●●t●nanced has per●ecuted the lab●●●ers should be so many as to have two three and perhaps four at the most to preach Now why S. Paul sh●●ld s●ea● so generally to three or four ●●● all I see no reason n● n●cessity I● tho●● t●ings Ministers we●● not so neglectfull as they we●e lately on ●er Epis●●pa●● to that we think we had lately reason to complain in Gregories wor● s more then h● The 〈◊〉 sa●● he C●●●t P●●t●r● yet se●● lab●u●ers in the Harvest ●●●a●●● we 〈…〉 that ●●●ce and we as 〈◊〉 the work of the 〈◊〉 c. there●ore since ten Min●ters 〈◊〉 vigilant could carry on the work of the Chu●ch of Ephe u● as to pre●chin● which was thei●●nter work and that 〈◊〉 were the Elders 〈◊〉 the Church of Ephesia● only which Paul ●entin● speaking to them as ●o many it doth necessarily follo● there w●●e other kind of Elders more in number then the former 〈◊〉 perhaps ten of fifteen to a preachin● Elde● for affair● being un●er ●e ● an● disturbed in those dayes many were required where 〈…〉 to look to the order and Dis●●●ne of the Church while●t Ministe●s minded the preaching of the Word The word Elders was common to both because both sorts were Elders in quality But another thing spoken here to these Elders which could not belong to Ministers is this verse 20. I have shewed you and taught you publikely an● from house to house Saint Paul being an Apostle was able indeed to teach Preachers but to be taught publikely it is proper to people and not to Pastors for in publick Assemblies it is the people and not Ministers that meet to be taught therefore the word You may very well be spoken to the persons of the Elders whom he preached to and whose duty it is to be Hearers and not P●eache●s for Ruling Elders the Discipline of the Church set apart are not different from the rest of the people they are appointed not to preach but to hear specially in publick Secondly The word 〈◊〉 may be spoken of the people to you that is to the people represented by you to be taught cannot well and properly be said of Ministers who are in office but perhaps they may have discoursed with instructed and taught in private but to be taught publikely is applicable to the people And not only so also from house to house to teach and instruct Ministers it doth imply this absurdity They that were judged capable to teach and preach in publike have need themselves to be instructed in private That Saint Paul should be put to go from house to house to teach Ministers this would argue a great oversight in them may be Paul who had ordained them to the Ministery and a great blemish of insufficiencie in them that are Teachers to be taught in publick and private but perhaps some will say by Teaching are to be understood Conferences and conversation about points of a difficult nature and hard to be understoo● even by the Learned as in the Mysterie of the Trinity and Incarnation c. This was not it for ver 21. we will find it to be ordinary subjects principles of Christian Religion known by any Proselite as